id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m	P. D. Magnus	Background Theories and Total Science	2005	13	.pdf	application/pdf	5264	397	65	Background theories in science are used to both prove and disprove that theory choice is underdetermined by data. The familiar Duhemian argument for underdetermination begins with the observation that experiments in modern science often require appeal to auxiliary At this point, many philosophers are tempted to ask about the choice not between theories but between packages of Total Science. theory or observation X is added to Total Science S.10 this approach, strong conclusions are drawn from underdetermination that obtains between empirically equivalent Total Sciences. theory by evidence is about empirically adequate total science. background theories are already included in each Total Science. Total Sciences could not be compared to evidence, so they could neither be determined nor underdetermined by data. conceptual point that two empirically adequate total theories would be nondefeasibly underdetermined by the evidence" [HR94, p. by packaging the background theories in the rival Total Sciences.	./cache/work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m.pdf	./txt/work_wsd7obse4vfnfmp5blvwxlmr3m.txt