ANNEX LIBRARY BE 027764 Cornell University Library BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henry W. Sage 1891 191 1920 --- 9306 - ANNEX The date shows when this volume was taken. 6 bouk copy the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES ...oooo........ MAR 1.9-1984 F MAY 29 10 All Books subject to Recall All borrowers must regis- ter in the library to borrow books for home use. AN books must be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. . Limited books must be re- turned wibu the four week limit and not reneu ed. Students must return all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their ab.ence from town. Volumes of periodi als and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- cases of books marked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. Port all CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 066 344 825 THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTDOOR MAGAZINE OF HUMAN INTEREST EDITED BY CASPAR WHITNEY VOLUME XLVIII APRIL, 1906--SEPTEMBER, 1906 THE OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK: 35 WEST 31ST STREET LONDON. THE INTERNATIONAL NEWS COMPANY, 5 BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE q 47 4.368220 COPYRIGHT, 1906, By The OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY All Rights Reserved TPE OUTING PRESS, DEPOSIT, N. Y. - - CONTENTS OF VOLUME XLVIII APRIL 1906—SEPTEMBER 1906 PAGE 22 ADVENTURE DILLON WALLACE IN LABRADOR. A Successful Trip to Lake Michikamau. Photo- graphs by the author.. ..G. M. Richards THE STORY OF THE “OVERLAND Mail." Illustrated by R. Farrington Elwell. Written from data furnished by R. F. Elwell. DILLON WALLACE WINS... EXPLORING UNKNOWN AMERICA. Caspar Whitney in the Jungle. CASPAR WHITNEY'S EXPEDITION.. The BUCCANEERS, - When Pierre le Grand Set the Pace, 523; Drake and the “Golden Hind,” 742... .John R. Spears The LONG LABRADOR TRAIL—The Compact with Hubbard Fulfilled. Chapters I-II, 559; Chapters III-IV, 641.... . Dillon Wallace 62 241 359 470 AGRICULTURE—(See also Gardening.) SAVING THE CROPS.... ..A. S. Atkinson 512 ANGLING—(See Fishing.) IOI ATHLETICS THE SPIRIT OF THE OLYMPIAN GAMES... SCHOOL AND COLLEGE WORLD, 106, 362, 618, 748. The STRATEGY OF TENNIS.. THE RACQUETS Season REVIEWED. A “Pocket" GOLF COURSE, ... AMERICAN ATHLETES CHAMPIONS OF THE WORLD. FOOTBALL FOR 1906.... James B. Connolly .Ralph D. Paine Joshua Crane 115 George H. Brooke 368 Van Tassel Sutphen 621 . James E. Sullivan 625 748 AUTOMOBILING TAKING AN AUTOMOBILE ABROAD. WOMEN AND THE AUTOMOBILE. Walter Hale 365 ..Mary Mullett 500 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES GENERAL DANIEL MORGAN—The Hero of Cowpens. Lynn Tew Sprague 228 THE AUTHOR OF “White Fang” (Jack London). GENERAL HENRY LEE—“Light Horse Harry” of the Revolution. , Lynn Tew Sprague 478 GENERAL HARRISON, THE HERO OF TIPPECANOE. .Lynn Tew Sprague 731 361 CAMPING How to PACK A PACK HORSE... SKIMMING DOWN THE DELAWARE. How to Make TOTEM POLES FOR LOG HOUSES AND SHACKS. iii .Dan Beard 380 .Howe Williams 471 Dan Beard 628 iv CONTENTS PAGE COUNTRY HOME MAKING THE COUNTRY HOME; 109, 243, 374, 503, 631, 754. Eben E. Rexford DOGS STARTING AN EXHIBITION Kennel. THE REASONING POWER OF THE DOG. CHOOSING THE FIELD TRIAL Dog... DEALING WITH TIMID Dogs... · Joseph A. Graham 119 .s. L. De Fabry 505 · Joseph A. Graham 637 . Joseph A. Graham 760 96 FICTION BY STRENGTH OF ARMS AND ARTIE-A Salmon of the Grand Codroy. Maximilian Foster 33 BAR 20 Range YARNS—II. The Vagrant Sioux, 68; III. Trials of a Peaceful Puncher, 200; IV. Hopalong Keeps His Word, 334; V. The Advent of McAllister, 419;, VI. Holding the Claim, 546.. Clarence Edward Mulford WINKLER ASHORE-IV. The Heathen Chinaman, 79; V. Brainie's Suicide, 276; VI. Winkler's Duchess, 487... .Gouverneur Morris THE WHOLE STORY.. . Edward Marshall 92 A DAY'S WORK IN THE Mounted Police. Lawrence Mott White FANG—Part I. The Wild (Chapters I-III), 129; Part II. Born of the Wild (Chapters I-V), 305; Part III. The Gods of the Wild, 448; Part IV. The Superior Gods, 589; The Superior Gods (Continued), 708... ... Jack London Side Show STUDIES—The Tragedy of the Tigers and the Power of Hypnotism. Drawings by Oliver Herford. .Francis Metcalfe 171 A STERN CHASE–Bruin Sets the Pace. Painting by Philip R. Goodwin. Maximilian Foster 206 ONE OF THREE. Drawing by Frank E. Schoonover. . Lawrence Mott 224 THE RESTORATION OF HELEN. . Adele Marie Shaw 235 His BATTLE... Norman H. Crowell 332 By HOOK OR CROOK—The Trout that Tomah Promised. Maximilian Foster 348 ’LONG COWALLIS CRICK., Photographs by H. M. Albaugh. ... Holman Day 385 WA-Gush. Illustrated by Frank E. Schoonover. Lawrence Mott 555 HomeR TRIES A REst Cure. Illustrated by May Wilson Preston. ... Sewell Ford 578 BABY Olney's “CURE" . Adele Marie Shaw 609 The Magic OF ORCHARDS. Drawing by Howard Giles. .Zona Gale 657 ALONG THE STUBBLES—Chauncey Bags a “Chicken. Maximilian Foster THE ORIENTALIZING OF Budge. Drawing by Sydney Adamson. W. A. Fraser 701 THE SILVER Fox. . Lawrence Mott 738 665 FISHING WORM FISHING for BROOK TROUT.. Louis Rhead 126 HUNTING THE SAwfish. Painting by C. F. W. Mielatz. Charles F. Holder 167 HintS ON TERMINAL TACKLE. Clarence Deming 251 LIVE BAIT FOR BASS AND Pike.. . Louis Rhead 383 FLY FISHING FOR OUANANICHE Louis Rhead 510 The Mysterious Awa-TOOSE AND THE STRANGE NEBOG Atis. Robert T. Morris 605 The SUMMER TROUT.. .... Clarence Deming 639 How to KNOW and How to Catch Black Bass. Dr. James A. Henshall 762 TROUTING IN THE BUSHES. .Clarence Deming 767 FOOTBALL FOOTBALL FOR 1906.... 748 FRUIT TREES HOW TO CARE FOR YOUR FRUIT Trees. How To SPRAY YOUR FRUIT TREES..., Eben E. Rexford 243 Eben E. Rexford 374 CONTENTS V PAGE GARDENING—(See also Country Home.) GARDEN Tools. GARDEN HINTS. The FLOWER GARDEN. WORK IN THE GARDEN PLANTING STRAWBERRIES. MUSHROOMS FOR THE MARKET BLANCHING CELERY . Eben E. Rexford IIO Eben E. Rexford 244 Eben E. Rexford 375 Eben E. Rexford 503 Eben E. Rexford 631 Eben E. Rexford 632 Eben E. Rexford 754 HORSE CONDITION IN THE HORSE, AND How to Attain IT.... How to HARNESS, SADDLE AND BRIDLE Your Horse. How To SHOE YOUR HORSE.. How To PACK A Pack Horse. How to Bit YOUR HORSE.. How to ACQUIRE “HANDS ON YOUR HORSE. How to APPOINT YOUR VEHICLES.. F. M. Ware I 21 F. M. Ware 245 F. M. Ware 376 Dan Beard 380 .F. M. Ware 507 .F. M. Ware 634 .F. M. Ware 757 HORSE RACING WHAT AN AVERAGE DAY's HORSE RACING Costs.. THE MODERN BETTING RING. Rene Bache 412 Wilf. P. Pond 751 HOUSE PLANTS THE FLOWER GARDEN. AMONG THE FLOWERS: ABOUT THE FLOWER GARDEN AMONG THE HOUSE PLANTS. INSECTS ON Plants.. Eben E. Rexford 375 . Eben E. Rexford 504 Eben E. Rexford 632 . Eben E. Rexford 633 . Eben E. Rexford 756 HUNTING FOREST RESERVES AS BREEDING Places for Wild Life.. A COURIER FROM THE NORTH... .John F. Lacey 249 Ernest Russell 587 II2 MISCELLANEOUS THE BUILDERS-II. The Last of the Open Range, 45; III. Steam and Sail on the Pacific, 213; IV. The Gold Camps of the Desert, 259; V. The Men of the Un- tamed Desert, 429; VI. Where Ranch and City Meet, 528; VII. The Heart of the Big Timber Country, 719. Ralph D. Paine How To Build AND FURNISH A SURPRISE DEN IN A MODERN HOUSE....Dan Beard Mimic ROYALTIES OF May Day. . David Lansing 143 A LITTLE BROWN HORSE–From the Farm to the City. - James H. Tuckerman 160 KING OF THE KERB--Concerning the Coster at Work and Play. May Doney 176 Two New Tailless Kites.. Dan Beard 254 THE WHITE WINGS OF THE GREAT LAKES. Wilbur Bassett 395 MR. ROBERTS' “Red Fox" John Burroughs 5120 The ReNAISSANCE OF Coney. Charles Belmont Davis 513 The Tox-SHOP. Edwina Stanton Babcock 542 A COURIER FROM THE NORTH. Ernest Russell 587 THE MYSTERIOUS AWA-TOOSE. ..Robert T. Morris 605 WESTWARD Ho!. .Stuart L. Douglas 614 How to Make TOTEM POLES FOR SHACKS. Dan Beard 628 Queen TITANIA AND PRINCE CHARMING OF ASBURY PARK.. Charles Belmont Davis 689 THE MODERN BETTING RING.... Wilf. P. Pond 751 How To APPOINT YOUR VEHICLES. .F. M. Ware 757 vi CONTENTS PAGE NATURAL HISTORY OUR IMPORTED Pests—Weed Tramps of the Vegetable Kingdom; The Gypsy Moth a National Menace. ...Clifton Johnson 39 THE DEVELOPING COLUMBINE_Relation of Insects to Flowers... ...Robert Blight 152 THE WEASEL AND HIS VICTIMS AGAIN. - John Burroughs 242 MR. HORNADAY'S WOLVERINE. 256b PHOTOGRAPHING THE HERON FAMILY. A. Earl Marr 288 THE MAGIC OF THE RAIN. Charles Quincy Turner 493 Mr. Roberts' “RED Fox' .John Burroughs 5120 Some LAKE-SIDE WADERS OF THE NORTHWEST. Herbert K. Yob 671 THE NAME OF BIRDS.. C. William Beebe 717 HAS THE WASP AFFECTION?. 766 OUTDOOR LIFE The Pass—Chapters VI-VIII, 3; Chapters IX to the End, 186. Stewart Edward White IN THE SHADOW VALLEY-A Morning's Fishing . Edwina Stanton Babcock 341 SKIMMING DOWN THE DELAWARE. ...Howe Williams 471 32 91 PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS THE HARPY Eagle, THE HORSE Trade-Willing to Be TEMPTED. AN UNEXPECTED STRIKE. WHERE THE BIG FISH ARE. “ARMS AND THE MAN" AT THE PICNIC LANDING. CONQUERING A NORTHERN RAPID. "FOR LIKE A BUTTERFLY BLOWN FAR TO SEA' THE ROUND-UP CAMP... J. M. Gleeson Hy. S. Watson Oliver Kemp Hy. S. Watson Hy. S. Watson Oliver Kemp William G. Krieghoff .P. V. E. Ivory 299 21 PHOTOGRAPHS WHEN THE SAP BEGINS TO CLIMB... Charles H. Sawyer A FISHERMAN'S A FISHERMAN FOR A' That.. ..A. B. Phelan 151 The White BEAUTY OF THE BIRCHES. Charles H. Sawyei 159 And All the Fish that He Did Catch WERE IN His MOTHER's Pail".A. B. Phelan 331 SCENES FROM THE “REAL COUNTRY'). R. R. Swallows 442 PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTOGRAPHING THE HERON FAMILY.... .A. Earl Marr 288 PHYSICAL CULTURE GIVE THE BABY A CHANCE.. THE SECRET OF Success IN FEATS OF SKILL. DIETING vs. EXERCISE TO REDUCE FLESH. SPEED SWIMMING—The Three Recognized Methods. Frank Barkley Copley 279 W. R. C. Latson, M.D. 284 G. Elliot Flint 408 .L. De B. Handley 569 POULTRY IN THE POULTRY YARD.. ADVICE FOR THE POULTRY GROWERS. . Eben E. Rexford 503 .Eben E. Rexford 754 QUAIL PLANTING “QUAIL". Lynn Bogue Hunt 256a CONTENTS vii PAGE TRAVEL-(See also Adventure.) THE LAST OF THE OPEN RANGE.. Ralph D. Paine 45 KING OF THE KERB—Concerning the Coster at Work and Play. May Doney 176 STEAM AND SAIL ON THE PACIFIC. Ralph D. Paine 213 THE GOLD CAMPS OF THE DESERT, Ralph D. Paine 259 ON THE ROAD TO QUAINT La Paz. W. T. Burres, M.D. 325 The Men OF THE UNTAMED DESERT. Ralph D. Paine 429 SKIMMING DOWN THE DELAWARE. Howe Williams 471 WHERE RANCH AND City Meet. Ralph D. Paine 528 WESTWARD Ho!.. Stuart L. Douglas 014 A DAY WITH A DevonshIRE FARMER. Photographs by the author and others. Arthur Goodrich 678 THE HEART OF THE BIG TIMBER COUNTRY. .Ralph D. Paine 719 VERSE “WHEN TH' FEVER'S IN THE BLOOD YOUNG SUMMER.. IN LUZON. IN JUNE... MIDSUMMER. Summer ABSENCE. PAN IN THE CATSKILLS A SONG OF SUN AND SUMMER. There's MUSIC IN MY HEART TO-DAY. The ROVER BARDS... 30 Maria K. Lamb 142 .Frank Lillie Pollock 278 . Matilda Hughes 330 L. M. Montgomery 486 . Elsa Barker 492 .Bliss Carmen 558 Elizabeth R. MacDonald 586 . Lloyd Roberts 664 Walter Adolf Roberts 707 VIEW-POINT View-Point.. View-Point.. .Caspar Whitney 105 .Caspar Whitney 747 82 YACHTING FITTING OUT FOR THE SEASON. A New ERA IN YACHTING.. THE WHITE WINGS OF THE GREAT LAKES BOATS AND BOAT-HANDLERS. Captain A. J. Kenealy Frank B. Copley 372 Wilbur Bassett 395 Henry C. Rowlands 496 Sche Drawing for "The Law of the Kange," by Frank E. Schoonover. "Skinny dragged him over to a crack and settled down for another try." - THE O U T I N G MAGAZINE Vol. XLVIII Number 1 APRIL, 1906 THE PASS BY STEWART EDWARD WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR BLOODY PASS F VI It took me probably an hour to reach the snow line. I could make out a dim miner's trail as far as that, but of course it VOUR o'clock in the morning proved was lost beyond. A very steep climb over indeed to be mighty cold. The sun frozen snow-fields-utterly impossible for was just gilding some peaks a long horses-brought me to the ridge, and once distance above us, but that did not do us again I looked into the cañon of the Ka- any good. All the horses had moved over weah. The ridge ran up to a very knife to the eastward slope of the mountain, edge of rock, some of it solid, some cut by where they would be certain to catch the the frost into blocks and some loose and very first rays of warmth. Their hair wobbly, but none over eighteen inches wide. stuck up dark and velvety. It fell away on either side for twenty or A hot cup of coffee went to the spot. thirty feet. After two minutes I was glad Then we caught up the horses, and if there to descend again to the snow. is anything more finger-numbing and dis With many precautions against slipping tressing than to undo heavy leather hobbles I skirted the base of the cliffs until I had stiff with frost, then I do not know what it reached the saddle. There I walked out is. We brought them in to camp. into plain sight on the snow and fired my I left Wes to pack up, and pushed on in six-shooter twice, by way of a signal to take light marching order up the right-hand slope the left hand, as the only possible route. of the cañon. Our way probably led to Watching carefully through my glasses I the left and over the "nigger-head," but it made out Wes and Billy rounding the was thought best to overlook no bets. We pack stock together. Satisfied that they agreed on a conventional six-shooter signal. understood, I now turned my attention Copyrighted, 1906, by the OUTING Publishing Company. All rights reserved. 4 The Outing Magazine to the problem of surmounting the nigger At this point the stream, somewhere be- head. neath a cañon full of snow, headed in a A very cursory examination proved to small circular cup, whose sides sloped me that it would be impossible to pass steeply to a glacier lake. The water of above it. The upper side fell off sheer. this lake was of a deep, rich peacock-blue, Below it ran a narrow strip of rock and typical of the glaciers, but quite impossible shale, steep as a roof, and dropping off to describe. It was fringed by white ice, straight into the main cañon. which ran out below the surface in ledges The slant, as it stood, was too abrupt of the most perfect robin's-egg blue imag- for footing. A horse would simply creep inable. The dazzling white, brilliant rich around below the precipice of the nigger peacock and paler translucent blue gave head until he came to the narrow, steep the impression of some rare and precious roof. Then his weight would start an gem. avalanche in the shale which would carry The shores sloped very steeply, and were him off the edge to an untimely death. covered with snow which terminated only So I began to experiment, and soon dis at the base of the sheer ridge above. Di- covered that by sitting down and kicking rectly across the lake, and perhaps two vigorously I could gouge out a little furrow hundred feet up, this ridge broke and which would hold. It was tough on the splintered. Wes and I climbed up and shoes, and rather hard work; but 1 sat took a look at it. It ran in sharp needles there and kicked cheerfully until I had ac of rock, knife-edge slabs stuck upright, complished a nick from the head of the and jumbled ledge matter. Wes picked cañon to the base of the nigger-head. It out a possibility. was rather an invisible sort of nick, and “If they get through here, we'll have to it ran only about twenty feet above the take out a license for keeping goats,” said precipice, and it was very crumbly at best, Wes. but I looked upon it with pride and satis We piled up small stones to help in some faction. places, and pried out what obstructions There remained only about forty feet we could, but our best was mighty little. to do. That ran through cliff-débris from I have seen horses travel in rough country, the nigger-head. I went over it once to but this little bit was the worst. How- find the easiest route, then set myself vig ever, we consoled ourselves with the Ran- orously to rolling bowlders aside, and to ger's assurance that once to the top our chinking the worst holes. This was rather troubles would be over. We started the good fun. The big stones went bounding horses along. First they had to skirt the and jumping away like living things, strik lake and climb slanting up the steep snow ing fire at every contact, finally leaping bank. We anticipated no trouble in this, from view over the last precipice, only to but when about half way up discovered reappear after an interval minimized by something of which our light weight afoot distance, still rolling and bouncing until had not apprised us. The top covering at last the repeated shocks broke them to was comparatively loose; but earlier in the pieces a thousand feet below. The smell year, before the last snowfall, evidently, of burning was in the air from the super a freezing rain had fallen, so about six heated stones. Gradually, foot by foot, I inches under the surface lay a hard and worked forward until at last, when Wes slippery crust. appeared around the corner riding Modesto, Dinkey, always cocky and self-confident, there remained not over ten feet to do. was the first victim. She slipped, attempt- He dismounted and together we went at ed to recover, and went down. Slowly the remainder. Then we walked back and the weight of her pack overcame her bal- forth over the length of the trail testing for ance, forcing her as one wrestler forces weak spaces, after which we rode across in another. sixty seconds, quite safely, but with many “Look out! She's going to roll over!” doubts. Our horses were the veterans of yelled Wes. several hard mountain trips, and they He threw his riata over her head. We stepped lightly and surely. So we gained ained had just time to our heels in and brace the snow line. for the shock when over she went. The Pass 5 Me The Won Troll 6700 Canon 8727 Sentinel 1750 Apport The Permanent Camp R300 Exploration Camp Grear Western Divide loro Elizabeth Pusero x Side Camps 12561 Bloody Gap WOOO 8700 75.00 Kawesh Group 1754 Scale % inch to the mile starting place. She had completely lost her nerve and trembled pathetically. At this Wes and I rejoiced somewhat, for Dinkey heretofore had made us feel very inferior and ignorant. We now set ourselves in good earnest to the task of gaining the last hundred feet. A rope was attached to Bullet; we both took a hand. But Bullet walked across like a tight-rope dancer. At the piled-up destruction of the bowlders and ridges he took his time, smelled out each step, and passed without an accident. I rubbed his forehead for him, and left him on a tiny flat place just beyond the top. Jenny came next. She started confi- dently enough, following Bullet's lead, but soon had the bad luck to thrust one hind leg through a thin spot and down into a deep hole. In the recovery she fell on her side, and while we managed to prevent her rolling over, she came so near it that she Now it was about a hundred feet down uttered a sharp squeal of fright. Two to the glacier lake, and we both knew that years before Jenny had fallen from the if Dinkey ever plunged into it we should trail, had caught on a narrow ledge, and never see her again. So we braced a had been slung thence bodily by means of mighty brace, and heaved a mighty heave. two riatas. The experience had shattered I can't describe the rest in detail. I know her nerves. Now she went all to pieces. I slid ten feet or so on my heels, was up We undid her pack rope, teased the kyak ended, en veloped in a choking whirl of from beneath her-gave her every chance snow, felt the rope encircle me and so cast in the world. But she refused even to try it loose, stopped rolling, cleared my eyes, to get up. So we twisted her tail and saw the end of the rope within a foot of me, pulled on her lead rope until she had to grabbed it, and was again yanked through make some effort. Even then she struggled space. wildly, her eyes fairly glazed with terror. When the sky resumed its natural posi Of course, she went down again, and yet tion I found that the combined efforts of again, floundering like a big fish. We held Dinkey, Wes and myself had brought the her to the slope without too great difficulty, outfit to a standstill just about one yard for we had good footholds, and little by from the edge of the peacock-blue water little teased her along toward the edge of in the glacier lake. We were covered with the snow and the beginning of the splin- snow, and we sprawled at the end of what tered rocks. There we hoped Jenny would looked to be the track of an avalanche. get over her hysterics in the realization of “Well, we stayed with it,” said Wes. accustomed footing. The last ten feet she We looked up. Billy was roosting on a floundered forward on her foreknees, never rock with a camera in her hand. Bullet, even attempting to get more fully to her good, wise old Bullet, had headed the rest feet. of the pack train and was holding it there Once secure, we let her stand, while we in the deep snow. Tuxana and Pepper, ourselves carried over her pack to where who had added to the joy of the scene by Bullet patiently awaited us. Then, hav- chasing around and around in mad circles, ing decided that Jenny should have re- sat on their haunches with a please-do-it gained her poise by this time, we led her on. again smile on their faces. How she surmounted that hundred foot It now became necessary to return Din climb without breaking her fool neck will key to her original position. We did this always be a problem. She slipped and very gingerly by leading her back to the skated and fell and recovered. The sharp 6 The Outing Magazine edges cut her fearfully. Blood streaked however steep and unstable it might prove her from a dozen wounds, ran down her to be, would take us safely enough to the white coat, even dripped on the rocks. shores of the second glacier lake. There We were sorry, but we could not help it. we could camp. Finally we did gain the saddle, and looking I scouted ahead, came to a forty-foot back with deep breaths of relief named this drop, returned, took another way, came to Bloody Pass. the same forty-foot drop; repeated the Buckshot made the snow-fields with operation, gained exactly the same result. nothing worse than several bad staggers, Then both of us men turned in to explore and the splintered rocks sagely and care in earnest. A half hour convinced us that fully, testing each foothold, as was Buck we were in a cul-de-sac to which all possible shot's fashion. Old Slob, too, did well, routes from the saddle converged. There though he was badly frightened. At one was no other way. Our glasses showed us spot it was necessary to jump from an un impassable débris below. stable take-off up a little ledge. Old Slob, We sat down to face the situation. We too anxious to do the thing properly, rath could not go on; we could not camp here er overdid the matter; his pack overbal in the granite, where there was no feed, anced him, and he poised on the verge of no water, no fuel. The nearest of those falling directly backward off the mountain. necessities was precisely whence we had That would have been the end of Old Slob. started this morning. Fortunately, my footing was good, so that “We've got to go back,” concluded Wes, by throwing every ounce of my weight into reluctantly. the riata by which I was leading him, I was It was by now three o'clock. We had able to decide the balance. been since daylight getting this far. Our So we led them up one at a time. The horses were tired out from the rough climb- climbing was severe, for the altitude was ing and the lack of food; they had not somewhere about eleven thousand feet. had a mouthful since they had ceased graz- We worked like slaves, and when, after ing late the previous night. Before us various minor incidents of the kind already was a sharp thousand-foot climb, and then detailed, we had crowded the last of the the extraordinary difficulties we had sur- animals on the big flat rock at the top, we mounted with so much pains and danger. were glad to hunt the lea of a bowlder for As if to add positively a story-book touch a rest. to the discouragement of the outlook, the We ate hardtack and venison jerky and sky clouded over, and a cold, sleety rain raisins, and told each other that the worst began to fall. Indeed, as far as we could see, the descent did not seem to be espe- VII cially difficult. A series of ledges slanting into each other irregularly ran in natural lacets to the limit of eyesight. By this time it was three o'clock in the After we had eaten we started down. afternoon. We had to traverse before dark The way was very rough, as you may im the distance we had taken since daylight agine, but opposed no insuperable obstacles to cover. As additional full measure, the to our animals. It was necessary only that clouds, which latterly had been gathering one of us should scout far enough ahead to about the peaks of the Kaweah Group op- assure an open way from one broad ledge posite, now swept across to envelop us. to another. This was not difficult, for a Our horses were tired because of hunger and man afoot can get about much more rapidly the hard day. We could anticipate only a than the horses. Occasionally, Wes and bleak, hard camp to which we would have Billy would halt until I had explored all to drag wood at the end of our riatas before the possibilities of a choice of several routes. we could even get warm. In this way we worked down about a Pepper and Tuxana alone were aggra- thousand feet. The passage in general vatingly cheerful. They sniffed eagerly was plain before us. We had to do a few into all the crevices among the rocks, hundred feet more of this ledge country, popped up bright-eyed over the tops of then step out on a long shale slide, which, bowlders, quivered with their anxiety to now was over. WE FALL BACK The way was very rough, but opposed no insuperable obstacles to our animals. 8 .. The Outing Magazine find out what all this expedition was about, ping for the heart of the firewood, we man- anyway. It would have suited us better aged to start a little blaze. It grew, and if they had adapted their demeanor more we gathered close. After a time we began accurately to the situation. I wish I had a to feel a trifle less numb. One of us sum- dog's vivid interest in mere living. moned courage to explore among stiff and Buckshot groaned and grumbled; Din wet canvases in search of the grub bags key swore, but up the ridge they had to and the utensils. We began on hot tea, climb again. In the desperation of great and then plucked up heart for the trouble weariness is an apparently careless haste of slicing bacon, and so on gradually to a that sometimes accomplishes marvels. It full and satisfactory meal. Tuxana and carried us over the needles of rock and Pepper huddled close and shivered vio- down the snow slopes without the smallest lently in the effort to throw off the chill. accident. Rain began to fall, at first like Pepper curled up in a ball; but Tuxana sat mist, then more heavily in long, pelting on her tail, both hind feet pathetically and lines. Darkness was shutting in. ludicrously off the ground, blinking her At this point Billy and the dogs left us. bull-terrier pink-rimmed eyes. We felt They were to run down the snow lying deep recovered enough by now to laugh at her. in the cañon. The crust was plenty strong Then slowly it became borne in on our enough to support a human being, with now torpid faculties that something yet some to spare, but the horses would prob- remained to be done. Not the dishes- ably have broken through. We watched no, indeed—they must wait for the morn- her figure dwindle as she slid and slipped ing. But out of the cold, wet blackness down the long white declivity. Our fate beyond the firelight we had to conjure was to pick out in the darkness and rain the sleeping places. The task was not in itself miserable and tortuous foothold we had great; but it had on top of it the weight of that morning constructed. We speedily a long, hard day. became wet through, after which the affair Reluctantly we lit the little candle- was an entire engrossment in dark, slippery lantern and looked about. It was a case rocks, the trickle of waters, voids filled with of hard rock that night, for every depres- gray, and constant shoutings of advice, sion of shale was soggy with water, and speculation and encouragement from one boughs there were none at all. So Billy to the other of us. The horses traveled and I spread our tarpaulin and the quilt doggedly, as tired horses will, their heads to soften things a trifle, and the gray army swinging. blanket, and crawled in shivering. Poor Finally we reached the bottom of the old Tuxana, wet as a fish, begged hard; slope. A rush of white waters opposed us, but the best we could do for her was a sad- but we plunged in without much attempt dle blanket. Into this she retired utterly. to find a ford, and emerged dripping on the Pepper, with the combined inconsequence other side. of youth, reliance on a thick wire coat, and Billy was awaiting us, together with the personal imbecility of disposition, declined dogs, now utterly crushed under the sud to remain covered, so we left her to her own den realization that it was dark, and neither devices by the spluttering fire. fire nor supper was forthcoming. They We shivered for awhile, then the animal were beginning to regret certain scorned heat accumulated sufficiently beneath our mush of happier days. coverings, and we fell deeply asleep. About An almost invincible disbelief in the pos two o'clock I awoke, the side of me next sibility of comfort overcame us. Motion the rock feeling as though it were flattened seemed rather to bring to acuter realization out, like meat that has been in a refrig. our chilly state than to start our blood to erator. My nose was as cold as a dog's. circulation. It required faith, faith deep Overhead light clouds were hurrying by. and real, to force us to the unpacking, to Through them shone some very pale and the necessary search for fuel, to the patient chilly stars. labor of ignition. The next morning we arose rather later The horses wandered rather dispiritedly than usual. It had cleared somewhat, but away in search of the scanty short-hair the air was bitterly cold. After breakfast grass of this altitude. After much chop we assembled about a recklessly large fire We had just time to dig our heels in and brace for the shock when over she went. IO The Outing Magazine * and discussed what was next to be done. The decision made-I forget what it was we caught up the horses. Then it be- came evident that fate had taken mat- ters out of our hands, for Jenny's legs, by daylight, proved to be more cut than we had supposed. They had already swollen. We could guess without much effort that Jenny would be unfit to travel for at least ten days. So we put my riding saddle on the cripple, transferred her pack to Coco, and Billy to my own horse, Bullet. “I will climb the ridge again,” said I, "and look for a route over from the other cañon. You can make camp at the mead- ow where the two cañons come together, and I will join you about dark.” They filed away, and once more 1 ad- dressed myself to the ascent. In climbing a mountain at a high eleva- tion you start out comfortably enough. The first symptom of trouble is a shorten- ing of your breath, the next a violent pounding of your heart; then come sensa- tions of heavy weights attached to your feet, ringing of your ears, blurring of your eyes, perhaps a slight giddiness. It is now time to stop After a moment the land- scape steadies, the symptoms subside. You are ready for another little spurt. The moment you stop, or strike level ground, you are all right; but at the highest eleva- tions, even a slight incline or a light bur- den will bring you immediate distress. At just what elevation this distress becomes acute depends on your individual make-up. Some people cannot stand even six or seven thousand feet. Billy is fit for navigation up to about thirteen thousand. Beyond that point she is subject to a seizure that stiffens her out as though by a stroke of paralysis. Snow on the forehead brings her around all right, and luckily snow is abundant that high. I personally have never been beyond fifteen thousand feet; but that altitude, though rendering rapid exertion extremely laborious, did not affect me painfully. An hour brought me to the snow. could see very well how to get up through a chimney were it not for that snow. But in present conditions the case was abso- lutely hopeless. The slant was such that even in soft footing a horse would have difficulty to keep from falling, but now the substratum of ice made the passage abso- lutely impossible. In addition, the snow itself lay in sharp edges and cups several feet deep, like a gigantic muffin mold of innumerable hollows. One had either to attempt the knife edges of the partitions, or to climb laboriously in and out of the hollows. Generally the result turned out to be a disconcerting compromise between the two. However, another twenty minutes' hard work took me to the top. There I quickly. traversed the T where the two canons headed against the ridge, and stood once more looking out over Deadman's Cañon. The great black masses of the Kaweah Group were blacker still with a formidable thunderstorm slowly gathering about its peaks. So sinister, gloomy and forbidding did the cañons and crevices become as the light was blotted from their glittering snows and rocks that I could not rid myself of the notion that the very essence of the world was undergoing the transformation of some catastrophe. It had started yonder, under those black peaks. It was spreading, as spilled water spreads. Shortly it would kill that broad, smiling, sunny meadow far beneath. Then it would creep up the slope below. Then it would swallow me. A peal of thunder seemed to tear apart the stillness with the voice of a command. One after another the mountains echoed back the submissive response, as though reporting themselves at their posts for the sinister change that was to befall them. I thought to hear a faint and distant roar- ing. A gray veil suddenly shut out the peaks. This seemed to break the spell of por- tent. I noted that the air currents and the configuration of the mountains were likely to carry the storm eastward, and so set to work. I scouted until I found, about fifteen hundred feet down, some stunted trees and feed. Then I worked out a route to them. Then I built as much trail as was necessary. This took me a long time. Whether we should be able to do the other fifteen hundred feet down to the green meadow and the round lake did not matter for the present. It was enough if we could penetrate so far into the enemy's country, sure of sustenance and a space for the soles of our feet. While engaged at lis work I came across a big drift of pink The Pass II snow. Pink snow is a little hard to believe nent;—we put up the little balloon silk in, but it exists. I understand that the tint tent, which heretofore had been used only comes from the pollen of some flower. The as a pack cloth. The bed you arrange fact remains that the very substance of the carefully, smoothing the ground with the snow is pink, decidedly pink, like pink back of the axe swung adze-wise between cotton; and when you step on it, it crushes your legs, laying parallel two generous into an appearance of pale blood. When lengths of logs well pegged to prevent roll- I first saw it far above me, on the slope of ing, filling between them first with dry pine a mountain, I thought I must have chanced needles, then with balsam fans thatched on some anachronistic glow that had hap- carefully springy side up. It is fun to cut pened around too late for sunrise or too balsam. The thicket is warm with the early for sunset. radiation of sun from fragrant piney things. By seven o'clock I had reached the You clip and clip away with the hatchet, forks of the canons. The thunder shower bathed in tepid odors and buzzy sounds. had increased to a cloud-burst, and the It is a leisurely occupation that you cannot cloud-burst had overtaken the pack train. hurry, and so you lapse gladly into that So violently had the water beaten down half-dreamy state to be acquired only in that the horses refused to proceed. They the woods, wherein the golden afternoon ran their heads into thick spruce trees and seems to comprise several eternities. Then declined to budge. Billy and Wes had to you return to camp, and begin feverishly sit there and take it. Billy thought it the construction of a table. great fun; but, as Wes pointed out, she It is a very ingenious table, supported owned a poncho. Wes did not, but re by three saplings suspended between two tained a semblance of triumphant good hu trees. Across them you lay wands, and mor because by some mysterious method over the wands you spread your oilcloth. of his own he had kept his tobacco and ciga The bench you make of hewn logs (be sure rette papers dry. they are dry, otherwise you may stick to The ground was soaked, and miniature your seat), supported on cross-pieces be- gullies had worked down through the pine tween forked branches driven into the needles. We built a big fire, turned out ground. You place your eating utensils, the horses and so once more slept with the and feel the creator's joy. great and complex voice of the river. Then remain a dozen other affairs. The fireplace is elaborate; the saddles are con- ceded a rack. And you make a woodpile. VIII Ordinarily, while traveling, you cook with what you can pick up, or chop in two THE PERMANENT CAMP by a stroke or so of the axe. Now you cut After far wandering a permanent camp the nearest pine logs into lengths, and lug is a great refreshment to the spirit. these lengths into camp on your shoulders, You start in animated by the utmost staggering uncertainly. And then you hit vigor. There are so many things to be with your axe a mighty whack lengthwise, done, and they all occur to your mind and insert a wedge of hard wood in the at once. After breakfast you seize the crack thus made, and beat the wedge until axe and take to the brush. The search it is buried, and then insert another wedge for straight saplings forking at required lower down, until at last the log splits in heights becomes absorbing. You cut them two with a great tearing of wood fibers. and drag them to camp and stick them in Whereupon you attack the halves in like their appointed places. There is an am manner, and then the quarters, until in the plitude to these preparations in delicious final result you are possessed of a number contrast to the direct utilitarianism of your of slender split posts. You lay one of these camp-making while on trail. So must posts over your chopping log. A full swing have felt the founder of Cologne Cathedral, of the axe bites deep and slanting. You his soul big and tranquil with the thought reverse the blade and whack mightily on of the three hundred years of building that the end. The slender post breaks at the were to follow. You make a shelter and a point of the axe cut, and at last you lay bed. The former is beautiful and perma aside with pride the first stick of firewood. I 2 The Outing Magazine There is a joy in the clean, accurate labor, in due time. It is this: a whole glori- a pleasure in stretching your muscles. And ous woodland day lies before you, and in the gleaming yellow piles grow almost like it is no question of pack rope, horse or magic. trail. You can do just exactly as much or By now you are fully in the vein. You as little as you please. are tired; but you do not know enough to Probably you elect to putter around feel so. A score of desirable little tasks camp. There are innumerable things to crowd on your intention. You will put do, and you can have fun at any one of up shelves, and make a meat safe, and them. To sit straddle a log, tinkering sweep the forest floor, and dig a garbage away at a new latigo for your saddle, is joy, pit, and rope in the camp, and especially if you can look up every now "Look here!" complains your compan and then to a very blue sky not much be- ion, "don't you think we'd better call this yond very tall trees. Little items of re- a day? I'm hungry!" pair have long been awaiting this leisure. You glance up with surprise. The pines Also there is laundry, with a glorious are silhouetting against the west. Shad chance to wash everything washable, even ows are half tree high already, and the down to the long-suffering dish rag. I coolness of evening is creeping very cau should advise one of the cold-water soaps, tiously, very slowly down through the as it is difficult to scare up anything big lowest thickets. The sparrows and vireos enough to boil clothes in. seem to have fallen silent. A pensive And if you are fond of cooking, now is melody of thrushes steals in and out of the your chance to indulge in the most astound- forest aisles. ing culinary orgies. Simple puddings, You straighten your back, and suddenly cakes and other bakings are quite within feel very tired. The day is indeed done. the reach of the ingenious camp cook; And next morning very early you awaken there is necessary only the widest possible and look straight up at the sky. The pine interpretation of recipes, and the com- tops touch it shyly-you could almost im pletest audacity in substitution. If you agine that gently swaying in the wind they have no eggs, why, never mind. Perhaps had brushed the stars away. A great dried prunes will do. Try it, anyway. I singing of birds fills the air. So innumer once made a very good pudding out of able are the performers that it is difficult the remains of boiled macaroni, some cold to distinguish the individuals. The result cornmeal mush, sugar, cinnamon and rai- might be called a tremendous and com sins. This, when baked through and well posite chattering. Only here the tone of browned atop, proved to be marvelously the chattering is supremely musical, so that popular. I admit it does not sound very the forest seems to be echoing to the voice good. of some single melodious creature. The cooking zeal is cumulative. There Near by a squirrel, like a fussy little old comes a day when you cook from morning gentleman, jerks about nervously. until evening, and then triumphantly an- “Dear, dear!” says he. “Look at those nounce a feast. If you possess real en- people! Look at those people!” thusiasm, you get up menus and table After he has repeated this a few score of decorations. Here is one we gave at Lake times he fusses away, probably to report Charlotte, eleven thousand feet up, in honor to the proper officers that he must object, of the birthday of our old friend Spoopen- he really must object to such persons being dyke. Your true celebrant in the woods admitted to his club. The sun strikes always makes his feast an occasion, even through the woods and glorifies a dogwood if he has to invent one. just to the left of its direct line of illumina- tion. The light partly reflects from, partly Clam Soup à la Dieu Sait Quoi Fried Trout à la Lac Charlotte shines through the delicate leaves, until Bacon à la Axlegrease the whole bush becomes ethereal, a gently Scrambled Eggs à la Tin Can glowing soul of itself. You stretch luxu Bread Corn Bread Biscuits riously, and extend your legs, and an un- Vegetables à la Abercrombie Boiled Potatoes Baked Beans wonted feeling of satisfaction steals over Rice Pudding Strawberries Spice Cake you. You wonder why. The reason comes Nuts Raisins He took his time, smelled out each step, and passed without an accident 14 The Outing Magazine at you. On the reverse came the axle boxes and took out a dozen slices of the condemned pork they had packed in WINE LIST there for lubricating. Old Harrington said Tea In the Large Pot Coffee In the Small Pot he'd never eaten better meat.” Cocoa Make it Yourself, Darn You You exclaim, politely, a little doubtfully. Water Go to the Spring The old sinner presses down the tobacco in Lemonade In the Small Bottle his pipe and cocks his eye Whiskey Drink $10; Smell 250. Cigars Pipes Cigarettes “The joke of it was,” says he, “that Sing Hop never had to touch that meat. After a brilliant climax of this sort, you The friction-heat of the axles had cooked generally settle back to a more leisurely it just right.” gait. Other things engage your attention. “You'll never go to heaven,” murmurs You hunt, you fish, you explore the im some one, kicking the fire. A column of mediately surrounding country. sparks startles the shadows into momen- And then little by little you run down, tary flight. like a clock that has not been wound. ‘Speaking of heaven," continues the There is plenty of venison in camp; fish sinner cheerfully: "did you ever hear of ing palls. You lie around during endless the two old Arizonians who met for the golden hours, shifting with the sun, watch first time in ten years? Of course, they ing the rainbow colors in your eyelashes, had to celebrate. By-and-by they got to soaking in comfort and rest as thirsty the tearful stage of the game, and began ground takes up water. In the evening to mourn the absence of Jim. Jim had you swap yarns and hold academic discus been dead fifteen years. That didn't make sions around the camp fire. If it were not any difference, however. for the fact that you have to chop wood “It jes' spoils thish evenin' that Jim for that camp fire you could take root and ain't here,' sobbed one. How dear oľ your brains would turn out budding lit- Jim would have enjoyed this evenin'!' tle green branches. The academic discus “They mourned awhile in hopeless gloom, sions are lazily delivered and irresponsible, and then one saw a little glimmer of light oh, utterly irresponsible! The ordinary in the situation. rules of coherency and probability are “Nev’ mind!' said he, brightening up, quite relaxed. You hear the most ex 'When I die an' go to heaven, I'll tell dear traordinary stories, and still more extraor ol' Jim about thish evenin'!' dinary theories. “Yes,' said the other earnestly, but “I remember when I was foreman of a s'pose dear ol Jim didn't go to heaven?' construction gang in the mountains north “'Then,' replied the first quite un- of here, the company used to buy con alarmed, then you tell him!” demned army supplies. For a while they Every one smokes and stares into the ran short of lubricating oil, so they used heart of the fire. A glowing log crumples to pack the axle boxes of the cars with at the middle, and sinks to coals. The slices of salt pork; it worked fine. flames die to blues and lucent pale-greens. "Well, I used to pride myself on running In the partial re-establishment of darkness a mighty nifty camp, then, and I had a the stars look down between the trees. Chink that could put up a real feed. One “I wonder,” says some one, dreamily, day old Harrington himself dropped off on “what will be the first message flashed me with some of his city friends, so as soon from those other worlds when at last com- as I could break away I hiked over to the munication is established; what bit of in- cook shack. formation out of all our boundless curiosity “'Sing Hop,' says I, ‘old man come. we shall ask for? Shall we hit for the funda- Rustle plenty good chop, poco pronto.' mentals? Shall we inquire, ‘Do you die, "No hab got meat,' says Sing Hop. up there? do you hope? do you fear? do 'Him no come.' "Well, that looked bad for the reputa “Probably some trust will get hold of it, tion of my camp, now, didn't it? Then an and the first message will be: 'Use Brog- idea came to me. I sneaked around the gins' Tongue Titillators, the best Bon- other side of the train, opened one of the bon,'” replied the brutal member. you love?'” The Pass 15 numerous. - "Well, after all, it won't matter," insists over-elaborate caution of a schoolboy on the idealist unabashed. “The important the stalk for imaginary Indians. thing will not be the message, but the fact The signs were Tracks that it is the first message.” crossed and recrossed the ridge, all of them A tentative, chilly little night wind ven round and full buck tracks. The more tures across the dying fire. The incan pointed doe footprints would be found at a descent coals, with their halls and gal lower elevation, where, in the shelter of leries magnificent, sink together with a denser growth, they would be taking care faint sound. In a moment they begin to of their fawns. After an hour Wes, who film over. The features of your compan for the moment was in the lead, stopped ions grow indistinct. Outside noises come short and began cautiously to level his more clearly to your attention, for strangely rifle. I stepped to one side and looked. enough the mere fact of firelight seems to About a hundred yards away, above the hold at a distance not only the darkness brush, I could just make out two spike but the sounds that people it. The rush horns and a pair of ears pointed inquiringly of waters, the sighing of winds, the distant in our direction. The horns looked not un- mournful owl notes, or sleepy single chirp like the branches of dead manzanita, and the of some momentarily awakened day bird ears blended with the foliage in that strange, these come closer with the reassured shad semi-transparent manner possessed alike ows creeping down to pounce on the dying by wild creatures and woodland shadows. fire. Tuxana and Pepper quivered. A tense In the group some one raps a pipe stillness seemed all at once to grip fast the sharply twice. Some one else stretches universe, a stillness which would require a and sighs. The stir of leaves tells of reluc mighty effort to break. tant risings. ‘Bang!” spoke old Meat-in-the-Pot. "Time to turn in, boys; good night," A swift compact cloud of dust immedi- says one. ately sprang up from the spot where the In a moment you and the faint glow in deer had stood. A thousand echoes rever- the ashes are left alone together. berated from cliff to forest and back again. The necessity for caution, for silence, for We made a good camp under tall trees. slow and deliberate motion seemed in- Then we produced the flour sack contain stantaneously to have broken into these ing our much-read “library''; destroyed flying fragments of sound. I sprang to arrears in the laundry business; shaved the top of a bowlder, Pepper uttered a elaborately, nd so prepared ourselves for single excited yap, Wes spoke aloud. a good time. Missed, by thunder!” said he. First of all we were hungry for fresh In the tones of Wes' voice was deep dis- meat, so Wes and I rode down the river to gust. Wes is an excellent rifle shot, and get a deer. We tied the horses at the edge rarely misses. of the snow-brush, made our way labor I could see the bushes swing with the iously up to the castellated tops of the deer's progress down hill, and occasionally ridges where the bucks lie to harden their I caught a momentary glimpse of his high, antlers, and crept along, slowly looking springing jumps. springing jumps. Evidently he intended with all our eyes. The early morning was half circling the hill. Almost could I get too much of an effort after our hard work of enough of a sight to shoot, and the ex- the past few weeks, so now the time was pectation constantly recurring, and as con- late afternoon. In the before-evening cool stantly frustrated, set me in an agony of ness our game should be afoot, stepping desire to take the course of events into my daintily in and out among the manzanita own hands, to shift and adjust them and and snow-bush, nipping a mouthful here order them. Wes, screened in by thick and there, pausing at every step or so to brush, was grumbling away behind me. look watchfully about over the landscape. “He was lying down,” he growled, “and Pepper and Tuxana, chipmunks scornfully I undershot. He was lying down—if I'd forgotten, trailed along at our heels. They had any sense at all, I could 'a' seen that understood perfectly that important affairs with my mouth!” were forward, and stepped with almost the Unexpectedly matters adjusted them- 16 The Outing Magazine selves. The deer, abandoning his first in portation. Tuxana let go with reluctance. tention, turned sharp to the right through It was the culminating moment of her emo- an open space. I tried to aim so that the tional existence. She held herself ready bullet would catch him as he struck the to give any further assistance that might ground at the finish of one of his buck be needed. jumps-really the only way to hit a run The mountain deer is not large, and this ning deer. At the shot he went down in was only a spike buck. We cleaned him, a cloud of dust. cut off his head and hocks, and tied each “I got him!” I yelled. hind leg to its opposite fore leg. Thus he But the deer seemed only momentarily resembled a rather bulky knapsack, with stunned, for he was almost instantly afoot, loops through which to thrust the arms. and off again with apparently as much We fed the “lights” to the appreciative vigor as ever. Afterward we found that dogs, and then carried the venison to the my bullet had gone through the shoulder horses. without either breaking the bone or enter The meat supply thus assured, we felt ing the body cavity. privileged to loaf a bit. About four of the At this point Tuxana appeared, made a afternoon we used to start out fishing. flying leap at the deer's throat; missed, Roaring River is not particularly well but tried the next best that offered itself. stocked, but we could get a mess, and it In this case the next best happened to be was extremely pleasant to make our way the deer's tail. That she did not miss. through the thickets, over and around the It was much better than gunnysacks. rocky points where the bluffs came down, I do not doubt that in the brief moment to the one little spot where the rushing during which Tuxana remained on terra white water paused behind the bowlder. firma, and while her mental processes were Trout fishing anywhere is one of the best still unconfused, a great illumination came of sports. Trout fishing in the mountains to her of many things heretofore mysterious is superlative. The forest trees, the sheets —of the reason for gunnysacks, and why of granite, the rush and boil of the water, dogs delight to swing from them, and how the innumerable busy bird voices, the cool they are intended in the scheme of things high air, all seem to fill the immediate world as a training and a preparation for such with movement and bustle; yet you have crises of life as this. And so Tuxana sailed but to raise your eyes to be calmed by the away, hitting the scenery on an average of great snow peaks lying serene beneath the once every hundred feet. The last I saw intense blue skies of the higher altitudes. of her for that moment was as the deer And then quite early in the afternoon the jumped a log. Her four feet were rigidly shadows begin to climb the easterly wall; extended in four different directions, un and as they do so, the upper peaks become certain as to which one would alight first, ethereal, until at the last (after your own and how. And in her soul I knew there little world has fallen to twilight) they was deep joy. glow and palpitate with a pulsating soap- We followed the trail for a quarter of a bubble iridescence. mile. Then we came to a stream flowing One day it happened that we killed two among bowlders. In the middle of the rattlesnakes, which was quite extraordi- stream and half over a miniature fall lay nary so high in the mountains. The camp- the deer. Firmly attached to its tail was fire talk that evening centered on the rep- Tuxana, the bull-dog, her sturdy legs braced tiles. We swapped the usual yarns and back to hold the great weight against the experiences; indulged in the customary current, her jaws clamped, the water pour argument as to remedies. Wes told of ing over lier flanks. When we approached the chicken which when killed, split, and she rolled her little pink-rimmed eyes at tied fresh to the wound clung there vali- us. In them we read satisfaction with the antly for two hours, and then, "black as condition of affairs. She gave no other your hat, sir!” fell off of its own accord. sign. Billy and I agreed that this was marvelous. We put a bullet through the deer's head, Wes likewise gave as his disillusioned opin- hauled him-and Tuxana-ashore, and set ion that whiskey is not efficacious. Why? about the job of preparing him for trans Well, he knew of a man who, while very 1 First they had to skirt the lake and climb slanting up the steep snow bank. Scouting on a steep slope with a precipice just below. drunk, was bitten, and who forthwith died. chances are that he is too torpid, either And, of course, in this case the whiskey from cold or feeding, to strike at all. Even had a head start on the poison. if trodden on at such a time, his stroke is “Wes," said 1, "did you ever know, in apt to be feeble and slow. Another ele- your experience, of a man dying from ment of safety resides in the fact that snake bite?” leather, or even thick clothing, will gener- "Oh, yes," said he. ally wipe the venom back along the grooved “Tell me about it." fang, so that even if the skin is actually “Well,” he began, “a friend of Jim broken, the probabilities of infection are Brown's, down in Tulare County, was bit, small. At such a juncture the supposed and Jim told me —” victim twines himself around the whiskey And that is about the usual answer to jug, and passes away in an attack of de- such a question. During a fairly extended lirium tremens. Add to these considera- experience in snake countries I have made tions even the ordinary precaution of a it a point to proffer that inquiry, and up to sharp lookout and an occasional stone date I have found just three men in whose rolled ahead into especially snaky-looking veracity I had confidence who claim to places, and your risk is not worth men- have seen a man dead of snake bite. Hun tioning. dreds could prove cases by the next fellow; As I have said, the rattlesnake's main and I have no doubt that the publication desire is to be let alone. I have killed hun- of this will bring forth many scornful ex dreds, and I never knew but one case of postulants who have seen whole cohorts the snake's taking the aggressive-in the succumb. But such have been the results sense of coming forth to attack. This was of my own careful and extended interro a large diamond-back that had twined him- gations. self about the roots of a manzanita. We This does not mean that the rattlesnake wanted his skin, and so had spent some does not inflict a fatal bite; but merely time poking at him with a stick, trying to that the chances of such a bite, even in a get his head into such a position that a snake country, are exceedingly small. The shot at it would not injure his body. Evi- reptile usually begins to rattle before you dently he got tired of this, for after a few are within ten yards of him, and is always moments he uncoiled, came out from his more anxious to retreat than to court shelter, and advanced on one of us. His trouble. When he does not rattle, the mouth was open wide, like the snakes on 1 The Pass 19 the circus posters, his head was erect, and plished for him a record-breaking broad he had every appearance of determina jump. tion. He advanced straight toward the Late one evening in the southern part of Tenderfoot, rattling vigorously. That in the mountains, Wes and I were returning dividual promptly stepped aside, whereup to camp after an unsuccessful deer hunt. on the snake likewise changed his course. Our way led down a steep slope covered This was repeated several times, so that with pine needles. We swung along rap- we could have no doubt that he was actu idly, six feet at a stride. Suddenly I no- ally on the aggressive, was actually trying ticed just about two yards ahead of Wes, to get at our friend. who was preceding me, a rattlesnake cross- Three fallacies on this subject I have ing our way. My companion's next step often seen printed. One is that a snake would bring him fairly atop the reptile. I cannot rattle unless coiled. He can. yelled, and at the same instant Wes must have often seen them moving rapidly across have seen his danger. His stride did not the trail, head and tail both up, buzzing alter its rhythm, nor did he appear to put away like an alarm clock. The second forth the least increase of muscular effort. fallacy is that he cannot strike unless But he fairly sailed into space. coiled. He can. I admit that the zone of Wes told me another yarn of how he and danger is somewhat more contracted, but a young fellow, occupying overnight a rang- it exists. The third is that he never can ers' cabin, nearly got into serious trouble. strike more than half his own length. This "I was sitting on a bench," said Wes, last is ordinarily true, but it is an unsafe "and the Kid was lying on the bunk read- rule to rely on. Once in a deep, hot cañon ing, his head on one hand. I looked up, I dismounted to kill a rather small rattler and nearly froze stiff when I saw a snake coiled against a rock. I selected what coiled right under his armpit, in the hollow seemed to me to be a long enough pole, of his arm. I knew if I said anything the made one hit-and was missed by just Kid would move, and that would be about about six inches! Now I stood at least all. And, of course, I couldn't do nothin'. five feet from that snake, and he was not The snake was too close to his body for me over thirty inches long. From him to me to shoot. So I sat there figurin' away to was slightly down hill; but the especial myself; and I guess I must have prayed point was that the reptile had by the merest that was an interesting book. Anyway, chance happened to get a purchase for his finally I sneaked over, and I reached out, spring from the rock against which he was and I got that Kid by the wrist he was coiled. That was abnormal, of course, but leaning his head on, and I give him one good it wouldn't have helped me any if he had yank! I reckon I was so scared I overdid landed. the matter, for that Kid hit so hard against The best way is to give them a wide berth. the other wall that it mighty nigh killed If you have a rifle and enough ammunition him.” just point the muzzle in his direction, hold Wes weighs about two hundred and is steady for a moment, and pull the trigger. strong as a horse. I did not envy the Kid's You will get his head every time. He will predicament either before or after the dis- do all the necessary aiming himself, as his covery of the snake. instinct is to thrust his head directly toward We told these and other tales about the the nearest dangerous object. If, how camp fire. That night Billy, too, had her ever, you have no rifle ammunition to throw experience with snakes. away, then use your six-shooter. Only in When Billy retires for slumber she wears this event you will have to be your own a sort of blanket robe with a peaked hood, marksman. which she pulls up over her head. About It is astonishing how instantaneously two in the morning she awoke with a start, the human nerves react to the shrill buzz. thoroughly convinced that something was A man who has never heard it before rec wrong. After a moment her faculties ad- ognizes it at once. And the moment the justed themselves, and she turned cold sound vibration strikes his ear-drum-long about the heart as she realized that a before it has had a chance of interpretation snake had crawled into the blanket, and by the brain-his muscles have accom was coiled between her head and the hood. 20 The Outing Magazine She did not know what to do. If she her entire weight on that leg, so we slung moved, even to awaken me, the snake, dis her up. Dinkey, with customary mali- turbed in the warm comfort for the sake ciousness, tried every mischievous trick to of which he had made his invasion, would bother us; but we settled her promptly by probably strike. The minutes dragged by throwing and hog-tying. To add to our in an agony. Finally, Billy reasoned that troubles, the punch broke. We had no she was doomed to be bitten anyway, forge, of course, so we were under the ne- and that a bite in the hand was preferable cessity of burying it until red in the hottest to one in the head, so with a degree of very fire we could make of cones and pitch-pine, real courage, she softly inserted her hand beating it with a hatchet, and tempering in the hood, poised it over what felt to be it as best we could in bacon grease. After the thickest coil, pounced suddenly--and three attempts we made it serviceable and nearly yanked herself out of bed by the went ahead. But we were mighty glad braid of her hair!* when the last nail was driven. A week slipped by before we knew it. There is a finality about the abandon- The only incidents were occasional noon ment of a permanent camp to be experi- thunderstorms, and the sight of a bear. enced in no other household removal. You This I saw, but as a fishing rod was my have made this home in the wilderness, and deadliest possession, I did not get him. even the short period of your residence has A consequent hunt resulted in a yearling given it an individuality. Now you leave cub, which made good meat, but was not it, and you are absolutely certain that this otherwise interesting. particular abiding place you will never see At the end of the week we realized that again. The moment your back is turned, Jenny's legs would not much longer serve the forest begins her task of resolving it So we prepared for our to its original elements. Chipmunks and monthly job of shoeing the animals. squirrels and little birds make away quickly If I were the only blacksmith in the with the débris. The trees sift down the world I would charge fifty dollars for shoe-. forest litter. Already beneath the soil are ing a horse. It is the most back-break germinating seeds which shall spring up to ing, tiresome job I know of. We carried cover the place where your bed had lain, the malleable "Goodenough" shoe, which and the very ashes of your camp fires are could be fashioned cold; but even with fertilizing them. Next year you may re- that advantage each animal seemed to turn to this identical spot. But you will develop enough feet to furnish out a centi not resume your place in your old camp. pede. Calamity Jane appeared to look on new camp is to be made from new ma- us as a rest cure. Whenever we got a foot terials amid new surroundings. The old of hers off ground, she promptly leaned has vanished forever as completely as the smoke of the fires that used to eddy down * Since writing the above Pepper has been bitten by a rattlesnake. The reptile struck her just back through the trees. of the ankle joint. Almost immediately the whole So when the time came, we packed our leg and shoulder swelled enormously and became ex- ceedingly painful. I carried her over my saddle for animals and hit the trail eagerly enough, some miles and then went into camp for several days in order to give her a chance of recovery: it is true, for we were well rested; but a pup had a mighty sick time of it. The leg and foot were puffed out and as stiff as a club. little regretfully also. The camp by Roar- could bear no weight on it-in fact the lightest touch ing River had been a good camp. We to the ground caused her to cry dolefully. At night she sometimes took an hour to lie down. had enjoyed it. And though we knew the ing ran down the left side of her chest in a great welt. At the end of two days the symptoms began to sub- voice of the waters would continue to call side with marvelous quickness. By the morning of through the forest, we knew also that in all the third she was as well as ever, and followed me afoot over Shuteye Pass. probability it would not call to us again. as an excuse. The poor Of course she The swell- (To be continued.) - - When the sap begins to climb. Copyright photograph by Charles H. Sawyer DILLON WALLACE WALLACE IN LABRADOR A SUCCESSFUL TRIP TO LAKE MICHIKAMAU BY G. M. RICHARDS * PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR ATE in the after- noon of June 26th we left North- west River and L paddled three miles to the house of a native, Tom Blake, at the foot of Grand Lake. The following morning, accompanied by Duncan McLean (one of the men who had rescued Mr. Wallace on his previous expedition), we made our real start up Grand Lake. On the night of June 29th we were in camp on the Nascaupee River, opposite the junction of the Red River, the point where the Indian portage route leaves the Nascaupee. It took us three days to cross the portage—which is five and a half miles long, with a rise of one thousand and fifty feet in the first two miles. We were "go- ing light,” which in our case meant an outfit weighing one thousand five hundred pounds. With the first hot days of July came the vanguard of an army of winged pests. They at once retreated to the main body with the glad news of our coming, and thereafter we were seldom free from their attacks—flies during the day, mosquitoes at night, which gave us no rest. On the 5th of July we killed the first caribou, and were delayed a short time drying the meat. In the meantime we scouted for the trail to the Crooked River, which we reached on July 13th. The country between the Nascaupee and Crooked Rivers, which has been devastated by fire, is a series of rolling hills and ridges strewn with glacial bowlders, and is ex- tremely rough and barren. Previous to this time we had had oc- casional rainy days, but beginning with the second week in July it rained inter- mittently, with but few exceptions, every day for two weeks. On July 23d, when we were camped on Lake Nipishish, the source of the Crooked River, Duncan Mc- Lean left us to return across country to his boat on the Nascaupee. Just two weeks later, after a great deal of portaging and searching for trails, we reached Seal Lake. The country through which we had passed, although partially burned and very barren, bore everywhere fresh and numer- ous signs of caribou. On August 5th, as we were ascending the Nascaupee River above Seal Lake, Pete, our Indian guide, killed the second caribou. Our time being very limited, we were unable to jerk the meat, but that night we dried it as much as possible, by hanging it close to a large fire. The Nascaupee River, between Lake Michikamau and Seal Lake, winds its way between steep rocky hills, which, where not swept by fire, support a sparse and stunted growth of spruce and birch, that gradually grows thinner and smaller, and finally stops in a ragged fringe half way to the summits. On the river above Seal Lake, for about thirty miles, paddling was possible, but the current gradually became too strong, until at last it was necessary to use the tracking lines. In this manner we pro- ceeded: one walked ahead, hauling the line, another waded along shore keeping the canoe clear of the rocks. It was slow * Mr. Richards was one of the party Dillon Wallace organized for his second venture into unexplored Labra- At Lake Michikamau, with provisions running low, Wallace divided his party, sending back Richards, Stan- ton and Pete, and pushing on with but a single com- panion. -THE EDITOR. . dor. 22 Dillon Wallace in Labrador 23 work, and not until August 13th did we sionally we shot a spruce-partridge or a reach the point where the Indian trail duck, but they were scarce. Once a loon, leaves the Nascaupee, making a second now and then a gull, helped out our fail- long detour through a chain of lakes, to ing food supply. Owls, however, were avoid a series of rapids in the river. our great mainstay. They would fly into Mr. Wallace, on learning that we had a camp, perch on a dead tree and wait pa- twelve-mile portage ahead, decided to tiently for some one to shoot them. Thus cache some flour and pemmican, thereby we continued until August 29th. All that enabling us to travel faster. Accordingly, Accordingly, day we paddled on a long lake, which we we cached forty-five pounds of flour and hoped might lead into the Nascaupee River thirty pounds of pemmican. As Easton near Michikamau, but when night overtook remarked, “It seemed like burying our best us at the head of the lake we were—ap- friend." No one, I am sure, expected to parently—as far from our goal as ever. see that cache again, for we all hoped to Our supply of pork and flour was now be at the caribou migration, and afterward nearly exhausted; in fact, we had little of follow the George River to Ungava Bay. anything except the pemmican which had Crossing the long portage, we came upon been saved as an emergency ration. a chain of lakes. The trails between them, A few miles to the westward of our camp- which have not been used for ten years, ing place, there rose abruptly from the became more and more indistinct, until on comparatively level plateau a high conical August 19th we were unable to find any hill, commanding an excellent view of the sign of a portage. Our provisions were surrounding country. The next day Pete rapidly dwindling, game was very scarce, and Easton climbed this hill, returning and we had eaten the last of the caribou late at night with the report that Lake three days before. It was soft and smelled Michikamau was twenty-six miles away. badly, but Pete washed it several times The following morning, as we were sitting and boiled it with a little pork. It was by the fire after a meager breakfast, Mr. very good! Wallace announced that the party would No longer having any trail to follow, we have to separate. “The success of the ex- traveled as much as possible in a wester pedition demands it,” he said. Pete, Stan- ly direction, knowing that sooner or later ton and myself were to return to the cache we would reach Lake Michikamau. Occa on the Nascaupee, and depend on that to Stanton, Richards and Pete (left to right), leaving Wallace at Lake Michikamau 24 The Outing Magazine INDIAN ROUTE LAKE MICHIKAMA U GRS ON Route followed by Wallace from cariy us to Northwest River Post. By was spoken--for no one could trust himself this scheme, Mr. Wallace and Easton would to speak. have left sufficient food to enable them to As the two men dipped their paddles continue across Lakes Michikamau and and headed their canoe into the north, we Michikamats, thence over the divide to the who remained shouldered our packs and headwaters of the George River-on which turned toward home. At the top of the stream they hoped to meet the caribou in ridge we stopped and watched the little their annual migration. Near the mouth canoe, until it became mere speck, bob- of the George River is a post of the Hud bing up and down on the horizon. Pete son Bay Company once there they would turned to me. “Gosh, I feel bad, I almost be safe. It was his intention to remain at cry!” he said. George River Post until December, when Our canoe we had left thirteen miles the ice would be sufficiently strong to per- from Lake Michikamau, and beyond the mit of travel with dogs, and then start for canoe, about the same distance, lay the Quebec, following down the east coast of camp, where the greater part of our outfit Labrador. was cached. This we hoped to reach by It was decided that we three who were nightfall. Pete, who like most of his race to turn back should leave everything but was a good walker, started straight across our blankets at the camp and continue with country over hills and through marshes, at Mr. Wallace to Lake Michikamau. This we a terrific pace, that taxed our energies to did, and four days later, at noon of Sep the utmost. Stanton soon fell behind com- tember 3d, our entire party stood on the plaining of faintness, and we were obliged shore of the “big lake,” for a sight of which to stop twice to "boil the kettle.” we had worked so long. In the course of the morning we killed That afternoon we divided the food that two owls and a spruce hen, reaching the still remained. Mr. Wallace took seventy canoe at 2 P.M. When six o'clock came, eight pounds of pemmican, twelve pounds and the sun, a red ball of fire, dropped be- of pea meal, five cups of flour, one cup of low the jagged fringe of spruce tops, we corn meal, seven pounds of pork, a few were still a few miles from camp. In Lab- small boxes of beef extract and desiccated rador, with the sunset comes the cold, and vegetables, and tea, coffee, salt and crystal our feet and hands were soon so numb it lose. For the return journey to the cache was almost impossible to hold the paddle. on the Nascaupee River we had twenty Five days before, at the mouth of a small eight pounds of pemmican, some tea and stream near camp, I had set a net. It was salt. rotten and torn full of holes by the large After breakfast on the morning of Sep pike, but we found in it seven whitefish and tember 4th Mr. Wallace read from a little a “namaycush,” measuring thirty inches. Bible the passage he had read to Hubbard Although some of the fish smelled badly, when they said good-bye for the last time. having been in the net some time, they Then we shook hands. Hardly a word were a welcome addition to our supply. Dillon Wallace in Labrador 25 3X ONY AA Grand Lake to Lake Michikamau. Pete was That night, as we lay rolled in our blan At last, on the night of September rith, kets before the fire, the northern lights we were once more camped at the begin- swept gently to and fro across the heavens, ning of the long portage—and the cache of in ever changing hues; from far out on the flour only twelve miles away. For nearly lake came the mournful, wavering cry of a two weeks we had had nothing but fish and loon. Pete shivered and moved nearer the meat, and all were looking forward to a fire. “Dat's very bad sign,” he said. The taste of bread the next day. canoe was leaking badly, so next morning continually talking about bread—“Indian we gathered some spruce gum, mixed with can't live without flour," he used to say. it a little grease from a pemmican tin, and But the next day came, and with it wind then melting the mixture in the frying-pan and rain. The trail wound in and out applied it to the canvas where it had been among the small spruce trees, like a rabbit cut by the rocks. That evening we camped track, and across a wide plateau covered on a narrow stream between two lakes, with white caribou moss. Walking on across which we stretched the net. Even that moss was like walking in deep snow before it was made fast I could feel the without snowshoes. At every step one tug of the fish as they became entangled sank half way to the knee, and the roots in its meshes. Making camp was a simple of the moss, which were always wet and matter, for we had no tent, and tea was slimy, caused continual slipping. Pete the only thing that required a fire. We and I carried the canoe alternately, until spread our blankets on the sand near the at last the wind made it impossible for one net, and every time the cork floats bobbed man to handle it. Then we were obliged under Pete would jump into the canoe to make two trips on the portage, and when with a shout, and land the fish. At that night came we were still four miles from camp we caught about sixty pounds of the flour. At one o'clock of September fish, principally whitefish and lake trout, 13th we reached the Nascaupee River and though there were a few brook trout and the cache. We at once dug up the precious suckers. Of those fish very little was flour; the bag was covered with green wasted, for we always ate the heads and mold and the flour itself was full of great entrails. moldy lumps, but when mixed and baked As we wished to save the pemmican in the frying-pan, “good” was no word until the last, we lived entirely on boiled for it. fish and tea-sometimes varied by an owl, It was late in the afternoon when we a spruce-partridge or a muskrat—and were started down the river from the cache. soon afficted with an unquenchable thirst. The current of the Nascaupee is swift, The quantities of water and tea which we though only at intervals is there white consumed afforded but momentary relief. water, and in forty minutes we had cov- However, there grew blueberries and moss ered a distance that had taken us a day berries on some of the moss-covered ridges, on the inland journey. Every few mo- which made the diet of fish more palatable. ments we would pass familiar places, scenes Pete. Stanton. Wallace. Richards. 11 1 -- Writing letters previous to the separation of the party at Lake Michikamau. Dillon Wallace in Labrador 27 of some little incident weeks before. Montagnais Indian; the long, narrow to- “There's where we boiled the kettle,” Pete boggan made of tamarack, resting on the would say. “There's where I fell in,” cross poles overhead, and everywhere the laughed Stanton. That night we built our black, wavering shadows, that rose and fire by the site of one of our old camps. fell on the rude log walls-all made a pic- The sun was just setting on the hills across ture that one never forgets. When we left the river, and the dark green of the dwarfed the shack next morning, the high moun- spruce stood out in striking contrast against tains that surround Seal Lake were white the white caribou moss above the timber with snow. This lake is really an expan- line. Here and there along the shore the sion of the Nascaupee River, which leaves leaves of the gnarled alders showed the reds it at the southeastern extremity. and browns of autumn. To quote from On the inland journey, by following the my diary, “It is a beautiful country- portage route, it had taken us more than when a man has grub and there are no a month to reach Seal Lake. We had now flies.” provisions that would not last half that As we sat smoking after supper by the time. Therefore, we decided to attempt charred embers of the old camp fire, it to follow the river to Grand Lake. At the seemed very lonely. “Do you remember point where the Nascaupee leaves Seal the bread we had here, and those caribou Lake the river is one continuous mass of steaks?” But the last question was al white water, rushing between hills that ways the same, and no one ever answered: rise almost perpendicularly on either side. "I wonder where Wallace and Easton are The shore is a tumbled mass of huge water- to-night?” worn bowlders, over which we would have On the 14th of September we had our to portage if we would avoid the rapids, first snow. All day the storm raged on the so we decided to keep to the water. Stan- mountains, and in the valley the big flakes ton walked alongshore carrying the flour, floated gently down, like a veil of gauze, now about fifteen pounds. The remainder that dimmed all but very near objects. of the outfit we tied to the thwarts of the When we camped, a lone, gray "whiskey canoe with the tracking line. From the jack” came and perched on a dead branch, shore Pete and I had planned our course regarding us expectantly. But we had in the river, but following that course we nothing for him to eat and he flew away. found to be a different matter. There That night the snow ceased, the tea froze were no rocks to avoid, for the water was solid in the pail, and it was cold. One deep; but the light canoe was tossed about evening we reached Donald Blake's tilt on on the swells like a chip. Each time she Seal Lake, a little log shack not more than came down on the crest of a wave the water eight feet square. It was just beginning poured in over the gunwales. We ran a to snow, so we remained for the night. mile in three minutes, by the watch, and For supper we made soup of a spruce-par- those three minutes were the longest in my tridge, thickening it with a little flour. experience. Pete had an original way of preparing a At last as we were passing a shallow partridge for the pot. He never removed place near shore Pete jumped out. I fol- the head, and to his mind the feathers lowed, and between us we hauled the evidently contained some nourishment, for canoe, now half full of water, from the he plucked only the longest ones. We grasp of the current. Pete's swarthy face had, however, long since grown accus was a dirty yellow color. As for my ap- tomed to soup with feathers in it-and pearance, if I looked as I felt, it must worse things too. In the shack was a have been bad. After continuing down the small tent stove that gave forth a cheerful river more than a day, the banks became warmth. By the dim light from a bit of too abrupt to permit of portaging, the candle stuck in the mouth of a bottle, Pete rapids grew worse, and we were finally was baking bread. obliged to retrace our course to Seal Lake; From the rude rafters hung the traps, portaging the entire distance over the light single spring for marten, heavy double rocks. We made our fire that night by spring for the more powerful otter; the the mouth of the little river where we had large, round beaver-tail snowshoes of the entered the lake nearly two months be- 28. The Outing Magazine fore. While Pete was making tea, we noticed a gull some distance away on the shore. At that time our only serviceable weapon was a 44-40 carbine. Stanton stalked that gull with a skill and caution worthy of greater things. How anxiously we watched and waited for the shot. At last it came-and it brought us a supper. One day we killed a muskrat, roasting it Indian fashion on a stick before the fire. Shortly before reaching the Crooked River | was fortunate enough to kill an otter. We allowed him to simmer over night, and although he was very strong, we had two good meals. our last portage. All day a mixture of rain and sleet had been falling, and when we had shouldered our packs, Pete, who led the way, did not stop once in the five miles to the river. The last half mile was down a steep hill of clay, wet and slippery. Stanton fell, and slid most of the way down, “like an otter,” Pete said. The ca- noe we used as a toboggan, letting it down slowly with a rope. Our last camp was at Duncan Mclean's tilt, three miles above Grand Lake. There we used the last of our flour, salt and tea; we still had part of a can of pemmican, also a porcupine and a muskrat which we Wallace (in the bow) and Eastman start northward alone. When we reached our old camp at Lake had killed On September 25th, the day Nipishish, where Duncan McLean had left after reaching the tilt, a heavy wind pre- us, Pete played his harmonica for the first vented us from going down Grand Lake. time since leaving Michikamau. It seemed We ate the porcupine, which, without salt, like old times, yet the country was changed. was not very palatable, and passed the The little birches that were green then time reading the advertisements contained were golden-yellow now; and rocks be in cans of baking powder. neath which the trout used to lurk were The succeeding day, the wind having high above the water. It was cold and somewhat abated, we started down the dreary like a December day at home, and lake. A good sea was still running, and as we sat round the fire smoking a mixture Stanton was often kept busy with the bail- of tea and tobacco, our backs chilled while ing can. The day was cold, with a steady our faces burned. downfall of rain and snow, and we were Late one afternoon we reached the trail soon drenched. Several times we landed, leading to the Nascaupee River; it was built a fire and drank some hot water in - Near I ake Michikamau, where dwell solitude and silence. lieu of tea. At noon we divided the last of the pemmican. It was nearly midnight, when, after forty-one miles of paddling, we reached Northwest River. Everything was dark and still, and there was no sign of life. The row of white buildings loomed up dimly along the board lane leading to the factor's house. Then Stanton emptied the magazine of his rifle twice in rapid suc- cession. Lights sprang up in the build- ings as if by magic; dogs began to howl: men came running with lanterns, and last of all came the factor, who gave us a welcome such as one receives only in Labrador. The country a few miles east of Seal Lake. Copyright photograph by Charles H. Sawyer. "WHEN TH' FEVER'S IN TH' BLOOD"* Ain't felt right pert fer a week er two; Been sorter cranky an' restless an' blue; No p’tickler reason, es I ken see; Can't find enythin' specially wrong wi' me; Jes' don't feel frisky an' don't wanter do A goldarn thing thet I don't hev to; Food don't taste jes' 'xactly right; Sleep is kinder broken up at night; Don't wanter set still, an' don't wanter walk; Don't wanter keep quiet, an' don't wanter talk; Nothin' t' hinder me from doin' jes' Th' very thing thet 'll suit me bes”; * This poem has been carried for some years in the pocket of a friend. we shall be grateful if he will share his knowledge with us.—THE EDITOR. If the reader knows the author, 30 When th' Fever's in th' Blood 31 Yet when I'm doin' jes' what I wanter to, I find it's jes' what I don't wanter do. Now I wonder What's th' matter Wi’ me, by thunder? 'Tain't fever, sure—fer my heat ain't riz; 'Tain't biliousness; ner rheumatiz; 'Tain't my head, fer I think right smart; 'Tain't my liver, ner yet my heart; 'Tain't stomach, ner gout-then goldarn me 'Tain't nothin' at all, es I kin see. En yet it's somethin'-guess I'll go An' see th' doctor; he'll sure know. Seems t'me I remember this very same thing Come on about this same time las' spring; An' th’ doctor doped me with nasty stuff By th' gallon, an' I bought drugs enuff T' start a store; but Lordy, they Couldn't drive that gnawin' inside away; Somethin' jes’ a-gnawin' at my innards—th' same Symptoms thet 1 hed when th' las' spring came. Gosh! what's th' use o' seein' th' doc? He ain't got nuthin' et all thet 'll knock This here trouble thet allus comes When th’ birds all sing an' th’ honey bee hums, When th’ ice breaks up, an' th’ streams all roar; An' th’soft air blows through th' open door; When th' vi’lets come, an' th' grass blades sprout, An' th’ sun gits warm, an' th’ buds break out; Lemme tell you this—when th' world gits green An' a feller gits ornery, restless an' mean, Thar ain't no doctor in eny place Es kin properly diagnose his case. The on'y cure fer a man I know Is t' git right out o'th' town an' go Where th' wil ducks swarm an' th’ geese go by, An' th' trout an' bass are a-jumpin' high; Th' on’y thing thet 'll cure him then Is t' git away from his feller-men, An' loaf all day by some laffin' stream, An' fish an' whistle an’ sing an' dream, An' listen t' birds an’ bugs an' hear Th' voice o'th' woods in his eager ear, An' smell th’ flowers, an’ watch th' squirrels, An' cast a fly where th' eddy whirls, An' fergit that there's cities an' houses an’ men. Fergit thet he's got ter go back agen. Fergit, when on moss-grown bank he's curled, Thet thar's enythin' else in th' whole wide world But jes' him, an' th’ birds, an' th' bugs an' things Thet live right thar where th’ wild stream sings. i GLEEDRAS Drawing by J. M. Gleeson. The Harpy Eagle is a native of the forests of South America, and is the most picturesque and least known of eagles. The only one in captivity on this continent is in the Zoological Gardens at Washington. BY STRENGTH OF ARMS AND ARTIE A SALMON OF THE GRAND CODROY BY MAXIMILIAN FOSTER T WHERE was the river, a stretch of mad This was the Codroy-the Grand Codroy, water pitching westward among said Artie, and left me. Mere scenery he the trees, white where it went rois held in contempt. “Will yer honor have tering among the bowlders, and beyond a fish kilt for dinner?” he called anxiously; that a pool, heaving sluggishly and sur “there will be no fresh meat lest ye kill a faced with brown foam and the threads fish.” of working under-currents. High above Something arose into the air just then. its chasm reared the Newfoundland hills Against the wet metallic greens of foliage -hills at a distance of the sheen of crum rimming the pool's oily currents flashed a pled velvet, matchless in their verdant color bar of burnished silver, hung there the tones, but a blighted waste of dwarf coni- winking of an eye, and was gone while the fers matted together by the snows and a spray drops cast from its side still fell like desperate tangle when one set foot among rain beyond. Slosb! Once heard, a sound them. Artie, blithely promising sport, had never to be forgotten! The stirring pool set a way across the heights, and being rearranged itself, the circles widening on to the manner born, had found a path or its breast spread out from bank to bank, made it where another might have failed and one bubble, like an inverted cup of in despair. But sport-sport royal-his crystal, drifted away on the blackness and exultant promises of fish — big fish --- all was gone. Yet, with the distinctness of a this and the glamour of scenery waned in finished picture, there still remained in my the utter weariness of toil. Dizzy with eye the vision of that shining shape arched the stress of our journey, I followed on, against the deep green background. battling with the pest of flies and ready to “Hurroo!” yelled Artie; “'twas a fresh cry defeat, while this transplanted child of fish-did ye see the length av him?” Hibernian bogs capered upward and on Gone the weariness now! Gone the last ward with the ease of a mountain roe. vestige of fatigue from the back-breaking For one dollar a day and keep I had cruise among the hills! I can still remem- chartered Artie to gaff fish, cook and keep ber with what eager fingers I spliced the camp, and beyond this, was more than long wands of the Castle Connell, and rove repaid the royalty in the amusement he the line through the guides. One forgets afforded. But just now Artie failed to many important happenings of the past, amuse. yet I think I shall never forget this or how “'Tis but the bit of a step forrard,” he the dry gut kinked and curled as I strove cried, smiling, and pointed through the to bend on the casting line. And when at trees. “There—there it is!” last I had softened it anew in the spring- The boom of the falls arose out of the hole at the bank, I still remember how the glen. I saw the white mist go dizzying wings of that Dashwood curled up under over the tops of the trees, and below that the leader's loop and stubbornly refused sped the river. There it was, sure enough; to go through. They say that more haste and ten minutes later 1 sat by the bank means less speed--the agony of ages sped looking out along the rippling current. by till I had rigged both rod and line, and 33 34 The Outing Magazine 2 yet if I had made a botch of it, will not the avail. Once again the line flicked out, best of them understand? Then to spur and the fly-as softly as a benediction- on haste once again leaped the fresh run fell just where that lazy princeling had fish, gleaming like a sword, and as the risen in his play. Close to my elbow stood eddies closed in upon the surging pool, the Artie breathing hard, waiting. “Ahr- heavy-topped rod swayed outward and the likes av him!—the likes av him! A full sent the line curling loop over loop across thirty pound, I misdoubt!" So passed the oily water. the minutes, and without avail. The cur- Now the Dashwood is a fly conceived rent, slipping past my eyes, lay unbroken for a purpose. No doubt it resembles I and undisturbed, save once when a red know not what, and its pheasant wing is fish rolled its length above the water, and subtly tied to woo the fickle tastes of its settled down loggishly to the depths below. prey. You will not find it on other waters, Foot by foot the fly went swinging across but in these thin, clear streams it does its the pool, searching out its every corner, work—at the appointed times—where that tempting and appealing, but only futile. gaudy courtesan, the Jock Scott, might Artie, sighing deeply, went back to his work its tinsel and bright trappings to a toil, but at the crest of the bank turned ravel and never gain a response. Upon with new appeal. the black water the Dashwood sank mod “Will ye but try him wit' a dose av the est and unassuming, yet with a flash of Silver Doctor?” he called. "Sure, there brightness from its slender under-body, might be the right taste to his fancy in set there for contrast. In the brown cur that!” rent it sank slowly, its wings opening and So, more to please the anxious Artie than closing in allurement, keeping time to the from any bewildering hope of luck, the switching of the rod-tip. Then a sweep of new fly went on, and with scarce a ripple the current carried it away, and above the of that oily depth pitched down in the roar of the falls I was aware of Artie softly center of the pool. creeping toward me, and over my shoulder Szrr-ee-eee-rr-ee! Giving under the saw his eyes fixed intently upon the pool. strain, the rod bowed willingly, and the "Again!" he whispered, when the line reel, lifting its voice to a scream, spoke had swept through its arc and was hanging deeds as the great salmon swarmed down somewhere out there in the water far be upon the fly. Then again there flashed low. So, once again, the Castle Connell's itself a picture on my eye—one moment's top-heavy tip swished and sent the writh vision of a crescent shape alive in its sweep- ing coils flicking across the eddies. One ing curve with strength and animation; moment the straightening coils lay limp the black waters swirled about, and from upon the water; the current caught them, the surface shot the fish, throwing itself and as the rod bowed to the strain a flash headlong into the air and mad with the of light danced before my eyes, the surface sting of the barb settling home. boiled like a caldron, heaved within itself, “Got Him!” | roared; and rabbiting and once more sank back into a swift and over the bank on all fours came Artie, screaming his exultations. “Ahr!” cried Artie, beneath his breath, “Holt tight!” he yelled, rushing to the his whisper coming like a hiss; “did ye brink, and then in the wildness of that see the breadth av him?” moment began crooning to our frantic “Rose short," I answered slowly, and visitant. For high into the air flashed the drew the wet coils through the rings. bright shape again, and taking line with Five minutes by the watch we waited, him, went splurging down the Codroy as all agog with expectancy. if the whole wide sea lay before his en- "Put yer fly beyant-beyant the fish!” deavor. "Bright Heaven!” murmured begged Artie; “I'd give the price o' five Artie, and I saw him start forward, gaff days' work o' wages to see yer honor tied in hand; "ah-glory be!” Once again to him! Put yer fly beyant-for the love leaped the fish—the third frantic effort- ay the saints!” and though the stout wand gave to the So, the five minutes passed, I put the struggle, the line, sweeping across the cur- fly beyond, as he begged, and yet without rent, bowed down and wound its bight greasy level. 60 By Strength of Arms and Artie 35 across the edges of the sunken rocks below. shapes, heading the current and swaying One convulsive strain—that was the end of lithely in its movement. While we looked, it; and in limp, unstraining loops the line counting one by one, a gray shadow de- came flying home, while the rod, like a tached itself from the river-bed, and glid- spring of steel, straightened back to its ing upward like a ray of light, broke upon length. That was all. The gaff struck the surface in a mighty splurge. ringing on the rocks, and Artie, dejection “Fish an' plenty,” murmured Artie, written plainly on his face, turned and raising himself, and then, prayerfully: without a word plodded slowly up the "Ah-if we had but a taste of blissed rain bank. —the taste av a taycup av rain!” Gone! Mechanically I drew the line Again I put a fly across the pool, waiting through the rings and once more passed for what might follow. Home again came a fly back and forth across the pool. But the line, and flinging lash-wise, worked the day, somehow, seemed to have passed. away a little further on. Over the hills Nor could any fly tempt this first fish or came the sun, pouring down upon the pool, another to leave the black depths below. and in its light. the gray shapes came and One fly following another sailed their way went. To the right and left they arose through those waters, cruising back and out of the depths, circling solitary or in forth, the Dashwood first and after that schools, and though many leaped on all a procession - Durham Ranger -- Black sides, flying like bolts out of the unseen Dose — Fiery Brown — Butcher — Dusty and falling with their all-resounding slosh! Miller and what-not-as good as Forrest not one ventured upward where the fly lay ever tied; and when the double-handed beating its wings beneath the water. Castle Connell with a kick in its heels had That day Artie's gloom settled itself worn my arms to weariness, night drew into a passive silence. No sound left him, down across the hills, and there was Artie's but now and then he whistled, taking a fire blazing cheerily. plaintive air that came keening with mel- ancholy through the bush. Dawn came. A milk-white fog lay thick “In Heaven's name, Artie--stop it!” upon the pool, hanging like a rolling fleece “What's thot-the whustle? Sure, thot upon the current-streaked pool. Night will be but a habit I borried out av the had brought its counsels to Artie, and he lime-juicers.” whistled cheerily in answer to the coffee “The-what?” steaming loudly beside the blaze. “God “Bliss ye—the lime-juicers—the deep- save ye!” he cried, grinning like an ape; sea ships. Be the same token, if they "when the fog lifts there will be a swate whustle for wint, I'll be whustlin' the while chanst for the Doctor. The bacon's for rain-a spate to bring the fish." ready!” So Artie whistled on, a melancholy dirge Artie, trailing at my heels, swept a hand enough to have made the ringing, deep- toward the pool. "'Twill be there," he blue skies that were as hard as steel weep whispered, pointing to where the current for the very sorrow of its plaint. “For broke V-shape above a big rock lying on but a taste of it—a mere taycup av rain," the river's floor. “Below that–come wi’ he pleaded; and perhaps after all it was me an' look!" effort that brought it; for that night the He led me along the bank to where a clouds came rolling in from the sea, and huge bowlder lay sprawling upward at a at dawn fell the drops tapping upon the slant, and swarming up its face, bade me leaves. follow. "Look!” he said; and pointed "Ye'll not gainsay there's fish,” said downward into the depths below. Artie, pleading; "there'll be fish an'a The fog had lifted in a streak; and peer- plenty only if they'll rise. The divvil ing down into the pool's shadowy depth, tempt me if it's fairy tales I tolt ye; for we saw a slim gray-green shadow like an there's fish an'a plenty-only for the arrow lying above the stones. There be takin'—an' yer honor's eyes have seen yond it was another-still more-troops; thim lyin' beyant like a flock in the folt." the whole circle of the pool within our view Now who could resist his plaintiveness? was peopled with those same half-seen Once more we went to work, hastening 36 The Outing Magazine . while the spate was on, and eager to try it cession of feathered harlequins fluttered while that first inch of rising water was their finery in and out of the Codroy nooks; making in the pool. “What fly, Artie?” once, toward noon, a gray shape uprose and I asked him, half careless of the answer, sank back passively—and in this exercise for the way the current was boiling down passed that day, the third. Twilight be- ward, growing thick as soup at every fresh gan to droop; the long shadows of the trees downpour, it seemed plausible that what trooped across the forest floor, and a bird ever was large enough to see must tempt somewhere in the bush drew from its pipe them, no matter what its color. That, of a note of melancholy that echoed the sor- course, providing they would take any rows of poignant disappointments. "Ye'll thing at all. not lave off!” cried Artie, sorely, from the "Fatherless an' the orphint!” he bank, when I would have stood that mur- screamed from the bank, hooting; "t'row dering top-mast of a Castle Connell against 'em yer honor's hat-they'll take that as a tree, and called quits on the day. “Sure well as better or the dish towel if ye ---don't be quittin'. Half dark is the time mind!" for doin'!” So, more to please Artie than for any He came toward me, and together we other sufficient reason the Silver Doctor worked the pool once more-one step for- went on a physician to cure all his woes ward-cast--one step more-cast again. -and as the line straightened out across It had ceased to be a joke, now, whip- the pool, there arose a grilse boiling around lashing the heavy line across its distance; it and went away with the reel screaming and pains, like the sear of hot iron, shot under my fist. through my hands and wrists. “For the We killed that small one in the sluice at honor an' glory av God!” begged Artie, the foot of the pool; and Artie's language intent and forgetting reverence; “dhrop became unfit for the quiet sanctity of the the fly wanst where the water slicks over woods about us. For, as he said, “What the tail beyant; an' sweep it rount!” was the impidence of this herring-like The Castle Connell, swishing venom- steppin' in, when his biggers an' betters ously, picked up the strain of the back-cast, was a-waitin'?” and bending like an ash beneath a gale, The spate was on now, and in earnest. swept forward, dropping the fly just where On the steps of the pitch above the flood the water bent glassily as it poured down heaved like billows of umber glass, too into the sluice. One instant the ripples deep to boil with foam, and pouring down spread apart, the line tautened in the ward, drummed over the falls with a deaf rings; and while the rod was still giving ening roar. Climbing back along the bank, to that even pull came the answer as if to we began anew at the head of the deeper confound us. water, tried it awhile without response, For from out of the ripping waters of and changed again to the Dashwood-the the slide arose the broadsides of a fish, a biggest fly in my book,"as big as the glint of burnished armor shining against fist av ye,” said Artie, and worked it down the black background of the torrent. In both banks and the middle. But only the the evening's waning light the flat flank labor rewarded us for our pains-a demon and the length and breadth of this stout of ill-luck dogged us at our heels; and the adventurer were revealed, a shining war- day in all its dreary downpour passed with rior fresh from the salt and unmatched in no other fortune than a brace of paltry bigness and in the power of his onslaught. grilse--the first one, and another that There were no half-way measures in his came home just as the last glim of soggy coming—the water boiled in his train-no daylight snuffed out behind the western dainty lolling to the fly, but a quick and hills. vigorous lunge that brought him wallow- If at first you don't succeed, cries the ing along the surface, furious in the hunt. ballad-monger, sit fast and go at it again. One brief instant he hung there, swarming So, with the encouragement of a wet sun over the fly, and in that instant we took peeking betwixt the tatters of the ragged note of the sharp head bent inward search- storm clouds passing over, we tried it again ing keenly. Then the eddies went wheel- on the morrow. All day, that same pro ing down the current; and I heard the + By Strength of Arms and Artie 37 ko DE Irishman calling passionately on saints on and pray that the humming rod would never entered in the calendar. For our stand it, and line and leader suffer without fish was gone! breaking the killing strain that was put to Gone!—not yet! The line was whipping them. “Holt fast-holt fast!” he yelled; through the rings, the rod arching from and with that rushed waist-deep into the butt to tip, and at that, with a sudden current and laid about him with the gaff shock, the barb shot home. so that the fish, staggered by this commo- Into the air he came, all shining from tion, turned again and went streaking it the narrow head of him to the broad and back to the falls. There he leaped once flexile tail; and with a crash smashed more, but this peril to our cause made only down upon the surface of the pool. There greater the triumph of the fight. The line was rage—blind rage—fright and desper- splitting through the current, the cry of ation all displayed; the reel and the and before the quick play of the spray cast upward bowing rod-all in that first leap this and the plung- had fallen, again ing of the fish as he leaped, hurling it fought into the himself sidelong air for its freedom, from the water. worked their part; For us—against all and the Irishman, this terror of the falling back to my wild thing—for us elbow, gasped with there was the play- excitement, still scene of all our calling in pity upon hopes come at last the names of his in- upon the boards; terminable saints. and who could For thus far our blame if that wild fish had taken full Irishman ran charge of the shop. screaming along Once more, as he the bank, a figure struck the foam of madness caper- beneath the falls, ing inanely; or that he flung himself I followed, heed- straight into the less, alive only to air, but that was the screech of the the last of it for a reel and the throb- while. With the bing of the rod as current behind the frenzied thing him, he started hunted escape in back for the sluice; every corner of the and with what I pool ? “There lay the fish, just beyond his reach." had seen of that By one wild race water below the after another he gained the head of the pool, it seemed certain that once over pool, and there the gushing water quick- the brink he would return to the sea, ened him. Flipping once into the air, he perhaps with as fine an assortment of turned and came racing downward, coast salmon rig as ever went down the Codroy ing the shallows so closely that a furrow unattached. So Artie thought, too; and trailed high in his wake. Beyond was bade me hold on again as much as a man the sluice he was aiming for; and once might dare and still have hope for his rig- within its rush it would have meant only ging. Sliding through the pool the fish adieu to fish and what part of the tackle kept on, and the time had come, it seemed, he saw fit to take away with him. But when all the king's horses and all the Artie, with goat-like bounds, was there be king's men would not have held him from fore him, yelling to me that could only hang his will. The Castle Connell creaked in all HYOS WATSON 38 The Outing Magazine its lashings, and the line, set like the wire ously and the line, like a wire, hummed in of a harp, hissed as it stemmed the cur the current, everything held, and the dead rent--no longer human dexterity might weight lying there somewhere in the depths help, but any man's game of pull-devil , gave, and inch by inch came drifting toward pull-baker. Gathering way, the fish start the surface. Once the gray shape showed ed for the sluice, fighting doggedly and itself, and then sheered away into the snatching at the line like a terrier worry blackness; night was almost at hand, and ing its leash. “Holt him, yer honor!” as we stood there, straining our eyes for cried Artie, desperately striving to get another glimpse, up he came and rolled below the fish; and hold I did until the upon the surface. rod cried and the water fell weeping from “Be the Powers!” cried Artie; "the size the over-straight line. But Artie got there av him!” first, still wildly waving his arms and legs, "Steady!” | yelled the warning to him, and struck savagely at our prize with the but might as well have cried it to the winds. gaff. Thus --- somehow - he managed to There lay the fish, still playing doggedly shoo the fish back into safer waters; and in small circles and just beyond his reach. while I am not so sure that this was sport, Tiptoeing on the edge of the rock, he was I am reasonably certain of its necessity. reaching for it, the steel hook striking far “Back ye go, my laddy buck!' yelled short of the mark, and at any moment Artie; and drove him into deeper water. likely to cut the straining line. "Steady!" Then came a bitter time; for the fish, I roared, and strove to drag the prize within as if sulking in defeat, settled loggishly to reach. But "Stiddy — the divvil!” he the bottom gravel, and began chugging at yelled back at me; I'm dead an' speech- the line. Nor could any strain put upon less wit' patience o'stiddiness!" him keep him from this trick. Artie, The next instant, with a flying leap, he shaking the water from his clothes, armed had left me; and I was treated then to the himself with rocks, some the size of his fist spectacle of Artie-hat, shoes, clothes and and others the bigness of his head, and for all-ianding in the center of the foam, and a while he played ducks and drakes with at the end of that flight, making one des- our salmon; but not until the Irishman perate claw at the fish with his gaff. had dropped a slab as large as a platter He got him, too. There was a brief and somewhere in his near neighborhood would desperate flurry in the center of the boiling he deign to move. Then with another rush waters, and then Artie and fish were whirled he was back to the head of the pool, where, away. Something cracked just then-my for a harrowing fifteen minutes, the two of rod, as I found out later-and the line us stood over him while he plunged about came back to me, flying limply in my face. in circles deep down in the foam. But somewhere out there was Artie, and “I'm dizzy-like,' said Artie; "he'll twist with him the salmon that had come up off the head av ye like a hoot owl!” from the sea. Or so it seemed. We held council of Is this done on salmon, waters? I had war upon the rock above him. “Pump never seen it before. Like an otter or a the daylights out av him," said Artie, naiad-take your choice beheld him "pump him till he shows. Wanst give me arise dripping out of the Codroy, and haul glimpse av him—but wanst!" himself over the rocks. There at his knee, So, for want of better plan, the work slapping him on the legs, was our fish, and began to “pump” our fish from the depths when he had laid it upon the stones up- upward. shore, he turned and shook the water from Not sport, perhaps, but necessity. It him like a spaniel. was cruel work-toil like unto that of the "Sure, yer honor," he said plaintively, dredgerman. Yet though the rod bent "ye took a divvil of a chanst to lose him. itself till the lashings again creaked omin I could not be waitin' longer." - OUR IMPORTED PESTS WEED TRAMPS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM-THE GYPSY MOTH A NATIONAL MENACE BY CLIFTON JOHNSON W HEN one considers how many berries which are eaten by birds, and as foreign pests there are with which most hard seeds are not digested by the we have to contend, it is easy to birds they are dropped here and there, fancy that in the days of the aborigines our often a considerable distance from the country lacked little of being a paradise. parent plant. Also, many seeds eaten by Certainly the New World wilderness was in horses and cattle are not impaired, and many ways most gentle and friendly, and thus find new abodes. Our waterways, every venturous soul across the seas felt too, carry vast numbers of floating seeds its spell. That such should think they to regions which otherwise might long be could better their condition by transfer free from them. ring their homes hither is no wonder; In Massachusetts it is estimated that but they did not altogether accomplish fully two hundred and fifty weeds foreign their purpose; for they brought their trou to the region have become firmly estab- bles with them. The Old World weeds, lished. As many more have obtained a vermin, predatory birds and insects fol foothold, and some of these may at any lowed in the settlers' wake, and multiplied time find conditions right to spread widely and devoured and usurped the land be and become pests of the most virulent type. yond anything ever evolved by the country What is true of Massachusetts is true of itself. all our older states, and to some degree of These pests seem to be an inevitable every state. accompaniment of civilization. See how Strangely enough, scarcely any of our the weeds dog the white man's footsteps. native weeds are especially troublesome. Wherever he establishes himself there they They have very little of the defiant vigor go also, and are soon thronging around his of the foreign weeds, and for the most part buildings and doing their best to choke out are so shy that they go into hiding at man's his crops in the garden and fields. The coming. But the pests from abroad are farmer is the weeds' enemy, and yet he is unconquerable, and what a list there is of at the same time their chief helper. He them! They abound in our dooryards and clears away the trees, lets in the sunlight, along our waysides and in our gardens and and prepares the soil for them, and he fields and pastures. The plantain which aids them vastly in disseminating their springs up so sturdily in our lawns and seeds, which are always on the alert for a beside our paths is European. So is the chance to travel. Indeed, weeds are vege hairy, narrow-leaved plantain or ribwort table tramps, and they are on the move that infests the grass lands. The dande- along every highway. The seeds are con lion is another imported pest; beautiful stantly getting free rides on trains and and interesting, it is true, but multiplying wagons, on animals' fur or wool, and on inordinately and sowing its winged seeds human clothing. They care not whither each year over the entire face of the coun- they go, if only they go somewhere. Ev- try. ery wind of summer and autumn helps the Some of the other importations have in seeds on their journeys. Many plants have common with the dandelion an attractive- 39 40 The Outing Magazine ness we could ill spare in spite of the trouble gether into rude little baskets and “birds' they give us. There is the ox-eye daisy, nests.” for instance. The gold-centered, snowy The curled-leaf docks and other docks petaled disks are a delight to the eyes; and in our mowing that are most prolific and yet to the farmer their aspect must be de- annoying are European. So is the rag- cidedly pernicious when he sees acre after ged, uncomely black mustard. Across the acre of his mowing overrun with them. ocean this mustard is extensively culti- In Rhode Island these daisies were intro vated, and its ground seeds form the well- duced and raised for horse feed about 1820; known condiment. It is also sown for for- but they had gained a foothold in some age and cut before ripe and fed; but here sections of the country long previous. Nor it is a troublesome weed. would we wish to spare the meadow-sweet, The Canada thistle came originally from whose white flower spires crowning the over the seas. Now its prickly masses long woody stems brighten our pastures are everywhere — along the roadsides, in and the wild tangles along the fences. the pastures and in the cultivated fields. Another flower that would be missed is Wherever it appears it comes to stay; for the yarrow. Probably this was first intro it has creeping, fleshy roots that are con- duced for its medicinal properties; for yar- stantly sending up new plants, and its row tea has had a very wide repute among plumed seeds are widely scattered by the the common people. It did not long stay winds. None of our weeds is more diffi- within bounds, but betook itself to the cult to eradicate. Of course the scythe, fields and roadsides. or the plow and hoe, if kept to the work, Many others of our "peskiest " weeds are will finally conquer; but the most effective likewise garden fugitives. Among such method is to put on leather gloves and are the wild parsnip and the wild carrot. pull up every plant that thrusts above the The former turns some of the half-neglected surface. Even then you cannot hope to spring fields to gold, and the latter snows kill the pest in less than two seasons. over a vast deal of grass land in the late Still more serious is what is called the summer and early autumn. The parsnip Russian thistle, though not really a thistle is a degenerate of the plant we cultivate at all. This has overspread a vast amount for eating, but the carrot was brought of territory in the upper Mississippi Valley across the ocean for its ornamental qual- with its big, branching, thorny plants. It ities; and truly the cobwebby, flat-topped was introduced into South Dakota about flower clusters spraying the green fields and 1874 in flaxseed from Russia. The rapid- roadsides are very charming. ity of its spread and the thoroughness of On the other hand, some of the imported infection far exceed that of any weed known weeds are decidedly ugly in appearance. in America. It takes possession of waste There is, for example, the cocklebur from lands to the exclusion of all other plants; tropical America, that flourishes along our it is a destructive weed in the grain crops, waterways, and which in certain parts of and the sharp spines are an irritation to the country is a pest in the cornfields. We both men and horses working where it might well get along without this big, grows. In Russia there are large areas coarse plant with its spiny, hooked burs near the Caspian Sea where the cultiva- that so easily detach after they ripen when tion of the land has been abandoned be- one brushes them with one's clothing. A cause of it. Each plant forms a dense, similar pest is the rank, ill-scented James- brushy mass, often four or five feet high. town weed, commonly called Jimson weed. In November, when the plant dies, the wind This found an affinity for our climate very breaks it off near the ground and it is blown early, and was so associated with civiliza about as a tumble weed, scattering seeds tion that the Indians called it "the white wherever it goes. It may roll all winter man's plant.” Burdock is still another and retain some seed till spring. The dam- big, coarse plant from abroad. You see age it has done our grain already runs well its clusters of broad, gray leaves in abun up into the millions of dollars. dance along every dusty roadside. Its only An imported scourge that is becoming friends are the children, who like to pick more and more common in the East is the the bristly blossoms and stick them to hawkweed. In blossom time, when it is Our Imported Pests 41 ablaze with its brilliant orange and yel come with importations of commercial low flowers, it is very handsome. One of seeds, sometimes are introduced with nur- its popular names is the “Devil's Paint sery stock, sometimes are in the fleeces of brush, and this is well merited, both by sheep and goats, or the hides of animals, reason of its fiery colors and because it is brought from abroad. Hay, too, furnishes such a serious annoyance to the farmer. an excellent medium-not only the baled Among the commonest of our garden hay, but that which is used for packing and field weeds are shepherd's purse, chick crockery and glassware. Again, plants weed, sheep sorrel, purslane and quick are imported for beauty of blossoms or grass, every one of them European. The foliage, or because they have food value, shepherd's purse is so persistent in appro and presently they escape from cultivation. priating land intended for other purposes Thus our purslane was brought from Eng- that it has won the nickname of “pick- land in 1672 and cultivated for greens. pocket,” and this name might nearly as Likewise, our ailanthus tree, much planted well be applied to the rest of the list. The in towns, was brought from China on ac- chickweed prefers ground that is shady and count of its virtues as a shade tree. The damp; but it is quite capable of overrun- long pennate leaves are indeed handsome, ning with its thick matting all our garden and the appearance of the tree attractive; soil, wet or dry. The sorrel frequently al but in villages and on the farms it is a most monopolizes certain tracts of ground, nuisance. The blossoms are offensive in spreading both by rootlets and seeds, and odor, the sap sticky and disagreeable, and reddening the fields where it abounds with the tree multiplies by seeds and root stalks its tawny blossoms. The purslane or "pus- beyond the power of most property owners ley," as it is commonly called, promptly to control. Many a person who has bought makes its appearance every midsummer the ailanthus from the nursery stock agent in the cultivated grounds, and grows mar- as the “Tree of Heaven," has found it a velously. It takes but a few days, if neg veritable tree of Hades. lected, for the low, fleshy, wide-spreading Still another instance of foreign beauty, plants to cover the earth out of sight. Nor which, brought here, has proved a plague will an ordinary uprooting kill it. There to us, is furnished by the water hyacinth. is so much stored moisture and vigor in its This was imported from South America to stout branches that it can usually make a the St. John's River in Florida as an addi- shift to survive until its roots get a fresh tion to the stream's charm. It grows in grip. The expression, “as mean as pus water without attaching itself to the bot- ley,” shows the farmer's sentiments with tom, and the rosettes formed by the leaves regard to it. Worse still is the quick grass. sometimes rise two feet above the surface. This has many other names, such as witch, The plants increase amazingly in number twitch, quack and couch. Well down out and accumulate in great masses along the of sight it elaborates a tangle of long, run shores. Frequently they form obstruc- ning, jointed root stalks that are most tena tions extending entirely across the river, cious of life, and every separate joint is through which not even paddle steamers capable of sustaining existence on its own can penetrate. account and thrusting up a green shoot As with the weeds, so with the lesser ani- to the air. In England the peasantry go mals: the worst of them are imported. over the plowed ground with forks and Our American rat is in the woods and pick out the roots, pile them up and burn rarely seen, and our native mouse is hardly them. Here we do not take that trouble, less shy; but the European rats and mice but keep up an endless and often losing are with us indoors and out in ravenous fight all summer. hordes. Another familiar field pest is the pig How inoffensive, too, are our native weed or amaranth. Both varieties, the birds as compared with the English spar- smooth and the rough, have come to us rows. What persistent, prolific creatures from tropical America. these sparrows are. You can destroy their Just how the individual weeds get here nests, you can poison them and wage war is not usually known with certainty. The on them in any way you please, and yet ways are many. Sometimes the seeds they continue to thrive. Between 1850 42 The Outing Magazine and 1870 importations were made from islands. Yet, as an offset to the evil time to time to about a dozen of our East- charged against it, we must credit it with ern cities. Usually the birds came a few being a greedy consumer of insects. Per- pairs at a shipment, but there was one lot haps its worst fault is the assistance it of a thousand liberated in Philadelphia. gives to the spread of the lantana shrub, Since these beginnings the sparrows have which was brought to the islands in 1858 rapidly spread until now no portion of our by some one who was attracted by its domain is free from them. They were pretty blossoms. The berries proved to be brought originally to fatten on the insects very much to the liking of the minas, and which preyed on our city shade trees, but by them the seeds have been distributed their taste was for food of another sort. broadcast over much of the island territory. "I remember," said John Burroughs to In places on the mountains the lantana me recently, “that I first saw the English forms impenetrable thickets, and when it sparrows in Jersey City about 1866. They once gets possession of pasture land it is were scratching around in the streets, and very expensive to exterminate. I said to myself, What in thunder are A mistake similar to that we have made those birds?' Soon they were in Wash in our importations of birds is the intro- ington, where I was then living, and I duction of foreign fish to our watercourses. noticed a boy one day with a sling shoot It would have been much better to have ing them. I wanted to call the police. left the German carp in their native coun- 'They'll be exterminated,' I thought, and try. Their coarse, sweetish flesh is far that'll be too bad.' But I didn't know from good eating,* and they crowd out them. A few years ago a friend of mine more desirable fish. Thus, in the Hudson, shot sixty sparrows one after the other they root around and eat the shad spawn, from a single nest, and the survivor of the and while the carp increase, the shad pair always found a mate. As the shoot become fewer and fewer. Similarly, the ing continued the birds got cautious, and German trout, though they multiply and would skedaddle as soon as they saw him; thrive in our mountain streams, drive out but they finally raised a brood in the nest. our own trout, which are decidedly more The sparrows do not now seem as threat delicate and palatable. All fish are can- ening a nuisance as they did at first. Na nibals, and our fish are simply devoured ture has furnished checks, and there are by these hardy foreigners. probably less of the sparrows than there We have always had insect pests from were a decade or two ago. They are es the days of the first settlers. The New sentially a town bird. The country does England pioneers found native insects to not furnish sufficient food in winter and is contend with when they arrived, and the too cold. They are seed eaters, and the seasons of 1646 and 1649 were put on droppings of grain-fed town horses have record as “caterpillar years." But our been their chief dependence. With the most threatening foes have been imported. introduction of electric cars and automo One of the worst is the San José scale, in- biles this source of food has been diminished troduced into California about 1870. It and has tended to cut off the sparrows. has since spread to practically every state Then, too, the hawks have come to under in the Union, killing nursery stock, fruit stand them, and now often hover around trees and even shade trees of large size. the cities in winter to pick them up. Yet so comparatively harmless was it in Our climate is our chief safeguard against its native environment that several dec- pests of this sort. Indeed, it is so trying to ades passed before we learned authorita- the wild creatures that the chances of our tively that it came from China. Its in- having such invasions as have occurred in crease at home was doubtless restricted Australia are very small. by certain parasites; but our importations Another bird we would do well to be on did not include the beneficial agents. our guard against is the mina, a native of At least two imported pests make serious India. It is vigorous and prolific, a poor inroads on our cotton crop. One of these, songster, drives away other birds, and is fond of small fruits. It has been intro * Approximately forty million pounds of this fish duced into Hawaii and has overrun the are marketed, of which eight millions are used in New York City -EDITOR. Our Imported Pests 43 er. the cotton bollworm, or Southern army the new leafage of the pear trees. It worm as it is sometimes called, came to proved to be the larvæ of the brown-tail us from South America and began to be moth, one of the most notable and ancient troublesome more than a century ago. of the Old World pests. Investigation The damage it does averages over ten showed that it was imported on rosebushes million dollars annually. During a season brought from Holland. The first outbreak there are from four to seven generations covered only a few square miles, but it produced; but it is the broods of late sum yielded a swarm of moths which were dis- mer that are the most numerous and vo tributed over a wide territory by a gale racious. The caterpillars then hatch in that chanced to blow while they were fly- such multitudes that they defoliate whole ing. Since then the pest has gone over a fields in three days, and then swarm else large section of New England. The moths where in search of more food. show a preference for pear trees; but apple, A still worse nightmare is the boll weevil, elm, wild cherry and white oak are also which has within a few years come into very commonly infested, and other trees Texas from Mexico. It has already in suffer to some extent. The eggs, laid in vaded one third of our entire cotton-raising July, hatch the following month, and the area, and it does twice the damage in dol young caterpillars, feeding in a mass, soon lars that the bollworm does. The weevil begin spinning their winter web. The web is a little bug with a long snout that it uses spinning consists of drawing together a in eating a cavity into the fruit of the number of leaves and fastening them in a plant. In this cavity an egg is deposited close cluster with tenacious silken strands. which soon becomes a grub. The grub In this domicile the caterpillars, about one- begins eating, and the cotton boll is ruined fourth grown, spend the winter and emerge and later falls off. As in the case of the with the first spring leafage. As soon as bollworm, there are several generations in one tree is stripped they march to anoth- a season. With both these pests the most Besides the damage to the trees, they effective remedy is to mature the crop make themselves exceptionally disagreeable early. By early planting of early varieties by the power their hairs have to produce and by the stimulus of fertilizers and fre a severe and painful nettling when they quent cultivation, most of the crop can come in contact with human flesh. Some be made safe before the pests are numerous people are affected more than others, and enough to do serious damage. But with there have been cases of serious illness the rather easy-going farming habits of the from this cause. The hairs apparently are South, most planters will probably long not poisonous, but very brittle, and ev- continue to take their chances, and the ery hair has many barbs along the sides. ruin will continue. Whether one comes in contact with a cat- When the elm tree beetles arrived on erpillar or with hairs blown by the wind, our shores from their native Europe, and the flesh is easily pierced and the hairs we saw the leaves of our great trees full of get broken up and are extremely irritating. holes as if riddled with small shot, we were The brown-tail moth seems destined to ready to say, "Good-by, elms.” Many give serious trouble over a large portion of schemes were evolved for fighting the the country, and whoever finds it in his beetles, good, bad and indifferent. One neighborhood should understand that the man sold a remedy which consisted of cer simplest and cheapest way to combat it is tain poisonous salts that were put in a hole to cut off and burn the winter webs. In bored in the tree trunk. The poison was Germany, France and Belgium the law expected to rise with the sap to the leaves compels property owners to do this; and if and kill the beetles and larvæ that fed on they neglect the work, it is done by the the foliage. The most effective treatment local authorities and the expense added to was spraying; but nature presently de their tax levy. veloped some enemy or distemper, and the In many respects the most threatening beetles to a large extent disappeared. of all our imported pests is the gypsy moth, In the spring of 1897 several residents in fighting which the state of Massachu- of Somerville and Cambridge, Massachu setts has expended one million dollars. It setts, found a strange caterpillar feeding on was brought to this country about 1868 44 The Outing Magazine by Prof. Leopold Trouvelot, who hoped to They eat bare both the coniferous and cross-breed it with the silkworm and make deciduous trees, with perfect impartial- the latter more hardy. He was living at ity, and the former die as the result of Medford, Massachusetts, only a few miles a single defoliation. The deciduous trees from where that other scarcely less serious put forth fresh leafage after the cater- pest, the brown-tail moth, was introduced. pillars have finished their summer eat- His specimens were on a bush in the yard, ing; but this fails to nourish the twigs which was carefully enveloped in fly netting properly and make new, mature wood. but one night a high wind tore the netting, The trees are weakened, the attacks of and some of the prisoners escaped to near-by bark beetles and borers invited, and few woodland. They soon became acclimated trees will survive stripping three years in and multiplied, and by 1888 the plague succession. of the caterpillars had become notorious. Fortunately the female moths do not In 1890 the state began work against the fly, and this has a tendency to prevent the insect, and this work was continued for rapid spread of the pest. Yet its diffusion ten years. By that time the number of is not dependent on the few rods the cater- moths had been very much decreased, and pillars may crawl. They have a habit of the damage wrought by them was com spinning down from the trees, and often paratively light. Those in charge of the catch on the clothing of persons walking work claimed that if the fight was con beneath, or on trains, automobiles and tinued for a series of years with sufficient electric cars. Thus they are often trans- but decreasing appropriations, they could planted considerable distances. utterly exterminate the pest. The legis- instance, at least, the pest is believed to lature, however, would not spend more, have been carried to a new region inten- and since then the moths have increased tionally. It is understood that the pro- and spread till the most that can be hoped genitors of the colony now devastating the is to keep them from going farther and parks in Providence, Rhode Island, were to mitigate the evil in the regions already brought thither by a moth fighter who infested. adopted this method of revenging himself . Undoubtedly the creatures are a national for being discharged by those in charge of menace, and an appeal for aid has been the suppression of the moth. made to the government at Washington; In combating the moth, effective work but the limits of the plague are at present is done by searching out the egg clusters so local that the aid was not granted, and in the fall, winter or spring and dabbing the state has again taken up the work. them with a brush dipped in creosote. At the same time very large sun.s are be When the caterpillar time approaches, the ing expended by municipalities and pri- infested trees are banded loosely with strips vate citizens. The caterpillars are most om of burlap. Under these strips the cater- nivorous and indiscriminate feeders, and pillars gather in the early morning and can they will go through the orchards and then be destroyed by hand. Spraying and woodlands and strip almost every tree. other special methods are also used. Va- They have their preferences, but they are rious insects, parasites and birds prey on not at all insistent. Sometimes they at the caterpillars and moths; but thus far no tack garden vegetables, flowers and shrubs, enemy has developed to prevent the rav- but this seems to be the result of chance enous hordes from increasing. Not only forays, where tree foliage has failed, and do they lay bare and kill the trees, but they such damage has been and probably will invade the houses, and property owners be very limited. where the pest is well established are al- There have been times in the past when most in despair. I suppose Nature in the the gypsy moth caterpillars have done long run may be depended on to suppress very disastrous work over vast areas in or mitigate the, plague; but Nature has Europe. They are a real calamity wher- plenty of time She is never in a hurry; ever they appear in force; for unless they and meanwhile there is no knowing what can be routed the woodland is doomed. mankind may suffer. THE BUILDERS BY RALPH D. PAINE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR CHAPTER II THE LAST OF THE OPEN RANGE HE Nogales Oasis of a recent date con- tained this para- graph, which may T be called an Ari- zona obituary: “The round-up in the Oro Blanco country last week was like a funeral procession. Even the horses knew there was something wrong, and went about their work with a shameless lack of spirit. Occasionally an outlaw cayuse would throw up his head and emit a loud horse laugh. Men who for years had ridden the range with the dash of centaurs and a bearing of defiance to all the world, sat as still and stiff in their saddles as mutton-chopped Britishers, and with faces as solemn. For there was not a gun or a holster in the out- fit. The edict had gone forth that round- ups would hereafter be regarded as public gatherings, and the law of Arizona forbids the carrying of weapons at 'public gath- been invaded and filled with a new pros- perity by the prosaic farmer, the manu- facturer, and the small rancher. The era when half a million long-horned cattle drifted north every year to the Da- kotas and Montana, convoyed by an army of the finest horsemen the world ever saw, was long ago wiped out by the railroad. The time when the Texas steer roamed as free as the buffalo, and the men who rode with him knew no law nor boundaries save those of their own making, will never come again. They belonged with the ear- liest stage of civilization. It was inevitable that on the heels of the nomad, pastoral age of this country's growth should follow the agricultural. But it is not true that the open range has wholly vanished. Its life still runs wide and free. The heroic bigness of it, however, is to be sought no longer in the Southwest, where the cowboy has been most often framed in story. He is making his last stand in northern Montana. If you lay a ruler across the map of Montana, east and west, from Fort Buford to Fort Benton, it will not cross a town in a line three hundred miles long. If you run the line north and south, say midway between Malta and Glasgow, from up on the Ca- nadian boundary down almost to the Yel- lowstone, a stretch of a hundred and fifty miles will be covered without finding a settlement big enough to deserve a dot and a name on the map. This is, roughly speaking, the country of the last great open range in the United States. Its area is greater than the com- bined extent of Connecticut, Massachu- setts, New Hampshire, Vermont, New Jer- sey and Delaware. It is not so thickly populated that men are in danger of jos- tling one another. erings." Such signs of the times confirm the com- mon impression that the cow man of the open range" is a part of a picturesque American past, a lost hero with a vanished occupation. It is true that in the South- west the barbed-wire fence has almost wiped out the characteristic life of the old “cow outfit.” The empire of Texas is already checkered with grazing ranches, some of them hundreds of thousands of acres in area, but nevertheless they are pastures, privately bounded and owned. And the cattle towns of Texas, Arizona, Kansas and the "Indian Nations" have 45 46 The Outing Magazine It includes, for example, Dawson County, their own bunches of cattle, and to stock which is bigger than the state of Maryland. small ranches scattered here and there on There are two million people in Maryland; both sides of the Missouri. Some of them there are twenty-five hundred in Dawson were even making desultory studies of the County, Montana. While one hundred and hitherto despised agricultural outlook for sixty persons inhabit the average square an honest man unafraid of toil. Others mile of Maryland, every man, woman and were planning to return to their native child in Dawson County has five square Texas, and with their old employers look miles. after the modern steer that is “raised by Valley County covers more real estate hand” in a pasture and wintered on hay than Connecticut and Massachusetts. The and alfalfa. two New England states have about four It was indeed a meeting of old trails and million population. Valley County holds new, a cross-section of America in the mak- the magnificent total of forty-five hundred ing even more sharply contrasting than the people, including an Indian Reservation in panorama of the North Dakota prairie, as which you could lose the state of Delaware. described in the opening article of the Three things have kept this range open series of “The Builders.” into the twentieth century: the climate, The history of the Northern range throws the grass and the lack of population. But back to the end of the Civil War, when the the climate and the soil, which supplies the plains of Texas were covered with millions finest grazing in the world, are the factors of cattle for which there was no outlet to that are bringing so swift a tide of popu market. The rapid settlement of the Mid- lation into this country that the finish of dle West created a demand for these Texas the old-time cattle man and his methods herds, and a trail was opened into Kansas. is plainly in sight. Even now he is mak Besides finding a new market, it was dis- ing ready to quit. Within the next three covered that Southern cattle wintered in or four years the surviving "outfits” will the country to the northward gained in have shipped their last cattle to market weight and fatness at an amazing rate. from the open range of northern Montana. Nature favored breeding in Texas, where The march of civilization which overtook in good seasons almost every cow had her them in the Southwest was delayed a few calf, but beef cattle grew lean and rangy. more years up in the North, but its van Therefore they were sent north to fatten, guard is closing in from all sides. The and the trail of the Texas cowboy gradu- final “clean-up” is now in progress. ally extended up into Montana and the I counted myself as rarely fortunate in Dakotas. being able to witness both the old and the He found a country favored above all new conditions as spread out side by side. others for making big, fine cattle of his On the one hand were the wagons of the angular Texas steers. The buffalo had round-up camp and the white dust clouds learned this centuries before, when it chose that marked the "cutting" of the herds; this area for its winter and summer pas- on the other a meeting of farmers to discuss ture. As the buffalo dwindled the cattle with the engineers of the Government Rec- increased, until in the greatest year of lamation Service irrigation plans whereby the “drive” nearly a million cattle were scores of thousands of acres of grazing land moved across country from Texas, and were to be watered and planted in hay, with them went four thousand men and wheat and alfalfa. thirty thousand horses. The dusty, sweating cowboys, picked This was in 1884, by which time the survivors of the lost legion, some of them buffalo had vanished from the range. Its looking back to a quarter century of life bones were being gathered and shipped on the open ranges, were being driven from for fertilizer by the carload. It has been their last battle ground by the plodding estimated that before 1890 the bones of farmer in overalls and straw hat who pre seven million buffalo had been shipped ferred raising grain to raising hell. from points in North Dakota alone. The The "cow punchers” were reading the range was swept clean for the cattle man. handwriting on the wall. Those of a pru The Indians were rounded up on reser- dent habit of mind had begun to pick up vations. The settler has steered clear of The Builders 47 these vast Northern plains, which were find another railroad to the northward was believed to be too arid for farming. But to ride a hundred and fifty miles to the the buffalo grass and the blue-joint sup Canadian Pacific; to find a railroad to plied not only rich grazing in summer, but the southward meant as long a ride to standing hay cured by nature that sus the Northern Pacific. On the edge of the tained cattle on the range through the town a freighters' outfit was making ready blizzard-swept winters. to pull out four days to a camp near the As the railroad crept north and south, Little Rockies. Ten horses led the string the Texas outfits trailed part of the north of laden wagons, behind which trailed the ward journey and shipped their steers over covered chuck-wagon, equipped for sleep- the remainder of the distance. Year by ing and cooking, for there were no hotels on year as the trail shortened and the railroads this route. extended, the "drive" dwindled, until the The boss and his two helpers were wres- steel highway stretched from Texas to Bil tling with a broncho which, until this ill- lings, Montana. But the cattle continued fated day, had never felt a harness across to stream north by the all-rail route, and his back. He was needed as an off-wheeler, this movement has been in full tide for and he had to go. He fought like a hero more than fifteen years. From thirty to possessed of seven devils, and three men fifty thousand cattle of one brand were toiled for an hour to get him into the traces thus transplanted to be “finished off” for and to keep clear from his infernally active market on the Montana range. heels. North Dakota has become covered with At length his nine comrades jumped wheat, which has steadily moved westward, into their collars, and the rebel simply had eating more and more into the open range. to go with them. He lay down and was Already the wheat has spread a hundred dragged on his ear until his addled wits miles west beyond the climatic limit as perceived there was nothing in this sort of signed it ten years ago, and now irrigation mutiny. He rose and slid stiff-legged has joined forces with “dry land farming.” until, outnumbered, outvoted and out- Another reason for the downfall of the generaled, he surged into the collar like a "cow man” in Montana was his own short thunderbolt and thereafter tried to pull sightedness in failing to safeguard his fu- the whole load, in the vain hope of tearing ture. His herds must have water, and the something out by the roots. range is useless without it. The outposts The long string of horses and wagons of the farming and ranching invasion got wound out into the open country, and in a possession of the springs and water holes, little while dipped across a grassy undu- by purchase and homestead right. lation and was gone. A swirl of dust But away with these epitaphs and this marked its progress for several miles,—this death-chant of the cow puncher! He was plodding caravan, with its tanned and still on the Montana range in all his glory bearded men, unlettered and slow of last autumn, and there is work for him speech, used to living out under the sky, to do before he has rounded up his last seeing few of their kind. It was thus the beef herd in this fenceless land of billowing pioneers crossed the plains a half century plain, butte and mountain, in the crys ago. talline air of this illimitable out-of-doors. Akin to this episode in its portrayal of Three big outfits, a dozen to twenty men conditions which are all but crowded out to a camp, were slowly working in from of this twentieth century, was the aspect the Little Rockies, when a Great North of the plain that rolled sheer to the horizon ern express dropped me off at Malta, a from another side of Malta. Fogged in famous old cow town, which is still busy white alkali dust, five thousand cattle were and occasionally even tempestuous. So eddying and drifting into scattered herds. simple an act as swinging off the platform They were not grazing at random. Along of a sleeping car was to step into a dif the fringes of the piebald masses mounted ferent world of men and conditions from men were outlined at rest on the crest of the that left behind. rising ground, or racing headlong into the On all sides of the little town lay the dust clouds. glorious sweep of untamed country. To What looked like confusion was system, 88 The Outing Magazine skill and daring. Nearer vision showed the version had passed. But in his impetuous cow punchers at work "cutting" the cattle manner and his reckless riding there was for shipment. They were in the midst the flavor of the ruder time that bred him of the fall round-up. As with a drag-net, and his kind. plain and coulee and butte and river Of a sterling type, but less flamboyant, bottom had been swept within a hundred was the dark-visaged, black-mustached mile radius to sift out and bring in the foreman of the Milner outfit, “Bill” Jay- steers that were ready for market. cox, than whom you must travel far to Fat and sleek and “rollicky” from the find a better cow man. Before some of summer's grazing, the cattle were hard to the precocious wizards of finance who dwell handle. It was a field for the display of in Eastern sky-scrapers were weaned, he the craft of man and horse. These were was outfiting pack trains for troopers of no farmers transformed into cow hands by Uncle Sam, who were fighting Indians in the gift of a rope and a pair of “chaps.” the Bad Lands and along the Missouri. Almost every man had been bred in the He used to break in and outfit the creaking business from boyhood. A big steer bolted trains of bull-carts that trailed out of Fort from the ruck, and shot across the prairie, Benton when it was the city of the North- tail in air. There streaked after him, hell west, and the head of navigation on the for-leather, a wizened man half lost in a Missouri. He rode the trail with herds of pair of “chaps” with the fur on. He wore Texas cattle moving to the Northern range a pair of goggles and a little beard which ahead of the railroad. He has a wife and was white, not all with dust. Old, but babies and a ranch tucked away in a smil- spare and sinewy, riding his cow-pony like ing Montana valley, and he will be ready a wild Indian, he might have stood for a to quit the range “when the range quits picture of “The Last of the Cowboys.” him." The runaway steer could not move quick “Bill” Jaycox and his comrades are of a enough to dodge the wise pony and the kind bred wholly by American conditions, dare-devil rider. When the fugitive had whose like will not happen often on the been turned after a breathless chase, the farms and in the cities that will cover the old man galloped back to search out an ranges they rode. Such old-time cow men other steer with his brand on its flank some as these are vanishing exemplars of the where in the smother of cattle and dust. gospel of elemental manhood, standing on He pulled up to wipe his goggles, and the its two feet, wholly apart from the com- wrinkled parchment of his swarthy cheek plex scheme of existence which hems in its confirmed the surmise that he was a vet neighbors. The destiny of the farmer is eran of the veterans. coupled with the factories that turn out "I guess you won't find 'em riding much his tilling and harvesting machinery. The older than me," he said. “Most all the sailor is helpless without steam in the boil- old-timers on the range knows Doc Thomp ers, and firemen and engineers in the hold. son. I began punching cattle in ’72 and But give the cowboy his horse, his saddle, I'm still hard at it. I'm too old to learn his slicker, his rope and his six-shooter, and a new trade. When this range is cleaned he will do his work, man to man, asking no up, I reckon I'll have to try what I can do odds. He is crude and he must go, but he riding herd on a cabbage patch or a likely is honest and brave and loyal, which qual- bunch of potatoes.” ities are not guaranteed by such trumpeted His very fashion of "cutting" cattle factors of "progress" as electricity, tele- showed that he was an old-timer. Every- phones, and great life-insurance companies. thing was done with a rush and a hurrah. From sunrise to dusk the three out- His pony was either at rest or on the dead fits outside of Malta sifted the uneasy run. There were no half-way measures. herds, stopping only at noon to ride back When he picked out a steer he went after to their camps in the hills, eat dinner, it on the jump, nor thought it worth while change horses and return to their task. to reckon whether he ran a pound or two Shipping could not begin till next morning of beef off an animal, so long as he got at daybreak. Therefore, when the sun there in a gorgeous hurry. The golden age dropped low in the cloudless sky, the herds when he helped "shoot up” towns for di moved slowly toward the nearest water The people who are settling the open range. hole, and the weary outfits scattered toward their camps. One bunch of cattle was waiting its turn for water, and two men were left as the first watch of the night herd until they could be relieved for supper. The spare, bent figure of old “Doc" Thompson, on his motionless pony, was outlined against the reddening sky. In front of him were the quiet cattle, beginning to "bed down" on the grass. The pose of the old man as he dropped forward a little in his saddle, his hands clasped on the horn, held a cer- tain indefinable pathos. He seemed to sig- nify more than merely a cow hand tired after a day of hard riding. The passing of the virile and rugged youth of the nation was suggested in the silhouette he made against the sunset sky. Then the roar of a train came over the plains. Its lights went by like shooting stars and vanished in the paling west. The spirit of the new civilization was sweeping across the last of the open range. It took three men to get this broncho into harness. A Montana sheep ranch of to-day. pe A cow camp on the fall round-up in Montana. ! - M Pioneers in the wake of the cowboy. - The Builders 53 That night the cow punchers took pos room, flung a leg over his pony, drove home session of Malta. They had been three both spurs and clattered up street, whirling weeks on the round-up, and they rode into his rope and singing at the top of his lungs. town like homing pigeons. It may cause One of the owners was moved to remark disappointment to record that while a con with a reminiscent chuckle: siderable amount of whiskey was absorbed, “It seems tame in Malta, but it's not so nobody was killed, and most of the bar very long ago that Jack Teal held up the room lights were intact at midnight. whole town for half a day because his feel- A group of cattle owners planted their ings had been hurt. Before the hotel was chairs on the sidewalk in front of the hotel. built we stock-men used to sleep in a log Every man of the half dozen counted his house, in a line between the row of saloons cattle by thousands in Texas and Montana. and the dance halls. This put us under a The least prosperous of the company could cross fire, for the cow punchers in the sa- have rounded up a million dollars' worth of loons had a cheerful habit of emptying beef on the hoof if he were put to it. But their guns at the dance-hall windows and you could not have found among them all vice versa. I was writing letters one night a grain of the "bluff” and money worship when my foreman came in and said : and straining pretense that surges night “'I hate to bother you, but Jack Teal is ly through the corridors of the Waldorf- getting mad, and he says he's liable to be Astoria. real mad if things go on. As he's in the After a while there joined them a stocky saloon just in front here, I reckon you man whose garb was not only careless, but want to know when to dodge if the shoot- seemed to speak of poverty. A dusty ing gets wild. Jack does some seem ir- handkerchief was around his collarless neck. ritated. A sheep herder accused him of His shapeless trousers were tucked into stealing a bundle of coyote pelts. And dustier boots, and his slouch hat looked as Jack didn't like it of course, and to show if it had been stamped on by a cayuse. his contempt for sheep men, he up and bit His manner was almost shy, as if he were off the sheep herder's ear. Another sheep nobody and he were painfully aware of that man chips in to help his partner, and Jack depressing fact. After he had passed on, sails in and bites off his ear, to show that one of the group carelessly observed: he is more contemptuous than ever. It “Of course, I naturally despise sheep. does look to me as if he might get real mad But the sheep man is ace high in this coun after a while.' try. We're all back numbers. The cow “The foreman had made a conservative man is in the discard for fair. Look at Ben report. Jack was getting mad.' Three Phillips, there, who just loafed up. He soundly whipped sheep men were wiping has some cattle, and he shipped fifteen hun the blood from their features, and starting dred head this year. There's between out to swear out a warrant for Jack's ar- sixty and seventy thousand dollars as his rest. They were gone for some time, but cattle rake-off for the season. But that were unable to find a marshal or deputy isn't a marker to what he's doing with daring enough to arrest Jack when he was sheep. Why, his wool alone will fetch him irritated.' a hundred and fifty thousand dollars this “Whereupon, the justice of the peace, a year. And he has ten thousand lambs. strapping big Scotchman, said he'd serve There's twenty-five thousand more. I fig- the paper himself. He collided with Jack, ure that his cash income this year is well and when the smoke cleared, Jack had past the two hundred thousand dollar Justice on the floor badly battered. mark. Isn't that enough to make you sore “It must have been about this time that on sheep men? He carries about seventy- Jack decided he was ‘real mad over the five thousand sheep, he tells me. He has way he was treated in Malta. He rode forty thousand acres fenced for them on one out to camp, no one venturing to annoy range. And I remember when Ben Phillips his sensitive temperament as he galloped moved from the Judith Basin to the north through the street. An hour later I rode side of the Missouri eleven years ago with out to camp with my foreman. The moon- less than ten thousand sheep." light was bright, and about half way we A cowboy came out of the nearest bar met Jack coming back to town. He was 54 The Outing Magazine put in several enjoyable hours taking pot-shots at every man who dared emerge from cover. Malta was put out of commission. Tiring of this amusement, or running out of ammunition, he rode back to camp. "I met him next morning, and he looked mighty ashamed of himself. I gave him the devil of a lecture, not so much about his general line of conduct, as his shocking practice of biting off the ears of people who disagreed with him. He took it to heart and promised he would never do it again, and he kept his word. I asked with some indignation: “What did you mean by holding me up, the best friend you've got?' “His only comment was eminently characteristic: “Well, you stood it damn well, Mr. Milner.'' An owner from Texas was moved to contribute another tale of recent life on the Northern range. “When I go to Chicago or New York it's hard for me to realize that things have not quite simmered down to the trolley and asphalt pavement stage of life out here on the old trail. For instance, there was the round-up of the Dutch' Henry gang of rustlers and outlaws only four years ago, when ‘Leather' Griffith The invading farmer and a sample beet. and his posse lay fourteen days in the hills just north of here, about as alarming a sight as I ever bumped trying to catch the outlaws that were hid- into. He had it in for the wide, wide ing somewhere in there. It was in the world, for he reined up twenty feet from dead of winter, and some of the sheriff's me, threw down his Winchester, wobbling outfit started in such a hurry that they had it square and fair at my manly chest. His nothing but their blankets. They slept finger was fooling most carelessly with the in the snow with their saddles under their trigger as he remarked with deadly de heads, until it was figured out that the liberation : ranchmen in the hills were passing infor- “I ain't quite sure whether 1 ought to mation along to the rustlers, being scared kill you or not.' to death at the name of 'Dutch' Henry. “He thought I was coming out to arrest “If the word was being passed along him, and we argued the point for several ahead of them, there was no sense in the minutes, while that fool gun was held on posse's staying out any longer, so 'Leather' my heart. At length Jack let the gun drop Griffith called them in. But he left two with seeming reluctance, and rode on to good men behind, George Bird and Jack town. There he proceeded to shoot at Moran, who stowed themselves away in a every head that showed. The stores and coulee and came near freezing stiff. But saloons put up their shutters and all busi the trick worked. The word went through ness was suspended. Jack took a com the country that all the sheriff's outfit had manding position in the main street and gone into Glasgow and Malta. - The Builders 55 old rancher, at his left was the deputy, Moran, and at the foot of the table was the boy. Bird offered to wait on the table and nobody kicked, so he passed dishes and did not sit down. “Something was about due to drop. Men can't stand that kind of a strain for- ever. At last George Bird staked his life on one throw, and you can bet he had figured it pretty carefully during his wake- ful night. He had it mapped out that while the outlaw was mighty suspicious, he wasn't quite sure, and that the quiet and easy twelve hours he had put in with these genial strangers had him some puz- zled in his mind. This was what Bird banked on, he having a keen set of mental works for a deputy. “He sauntered over to the wall, took a bag of tobacco and papers out of a pocket “After two or three days, Bird and Moran rode down to the nearest ranch, and kept their eyes peeled to see that nobody broke out to carry information to the rus- tlers. An old man and a boy were the only people living at the ranch, and the two vis- itors told them they were out looking up some stray horses. The rancher welcomed them, for he was in fear of his life, and wanted protection against the rustlers. It wasn't more than a day before the boy came running into the house, and told the two deputies that one of the ‘Dutch’Henry gang was coming in, Carlisle, he thought his name was. From description, Bird and Moran sized up the stranger as Jones, one of the most desperate men of the gang, al- though they could not swear to it. How- ever, the visitor walked in, taking it for granted the coast was clear, and bumped into the two deputies, whom he could not quite make out. He was suspicious, and they were alert for the first move in one of the most remarkable plays ever pulled off in the West. “These three men ate supper at the same table, chatting pleas- antly, but all hands were keyed up for action and ready for the curtain to go up with a rush. The evening passed without inci- dent. The deputies knew that if their man was Jones, the slightest bungle meant a killing. “There was only one spare bed, and without remark the three men took off their coats and boots and piled in together, three in a bed. They lay awake all night, side by side, touching elbows, each listening for the slightest movement made by one of his fellows. Each man had his six-shooter under his pillow, his hand on it all the time, it's safe to gamble. “This was a situation hard to beat in any novel you ever read. The pull on those three sets of nerves must have been trying, but nobody batted an eyelash, and the trio got up, washed and sat down to breakfast. Now thi Carlisle, or Jones, sat at the head of the table. At his right was the The vanishing redman as a cow puncher. An old-time freight outfit that still survives in Montana. Old-time cow punchers who are making their last stand in Montana. The Builders 57 and began to roll a cigarette. This move fresh mounts during their long circuit of turned his back square toward Jones at several hundred miles after the scattered the table. The other deputy sized up the herds that were roaming at their own situation out of one eye, but kept on ab sweet will. sorbing bacon and beans as if there was The cook was a man of infinite resource, nothing doing. whose thatch had grown gray with cow "Now follows the part of the play that outfits from the Rio Grande to the Ca- interests me most. When Bird deliber nadian boundary. When he snatched a ately turned his back on the outlaw, and quiet hour in the early evening to join a Moran didn't even look up, Jones figured group of cow punchers spinning yarns of it that no man really gunning after him other days, he was reminded to recount as would give him a chance like that. Bird follows: walked back to the table, then turned “Some of you remember that fiddle- again, went over to his coat, fished out a player over on the N-Bar-N Ranch? He's match again with his back to the outlaw. horse-wrangler for the Lazy S outfit now. Moran kept on chatting easy and calm, Yes, that's the man. He rode past here while his partner stood looking out of the yesterday, but he still looked sore and window and lighting his cigarette. wouldn't stop. The boys were sure an- “But as Bird turned toward them, he noyed by his fiddle-playin' that time. He made a lightning swoop with one hand and would sit around the bunk-house, 'wee- caught up his Winchester carbine that was waw-in' and 'wee-wa-in' at all times of the leaning against a cupboard in that corner. day and night. He was just learnin' and This was what he had been aiming to do all it was torturin'. The rest of us got so it through this tobacco and cigarette play. was more tryin' on the nerves to be dreadin' He threw the carbine down on Jones al that fiddle, not knowin' when it was due most with the same motion, and told him to break loose, than to listen to it when it to throw up his hands. The outlaw made did happen. To get rid of this painful sus- a motion to pull his gun from inside the pense, we worked out a scheme which was waistband of his trousers, where he had laid before the fiddler somethin' like this: tucked it for breakfast. But Bird was too ""Here's what you can do. Figure out quick for him. He shot twice before Jones just how long each day you've got to prac- could get his six-shooter into play, and the tice to become a virtue-oso. If it's an outlaw fell off his chair against the stove hour, all right; if it's two hours, all right. with one bullet through his head and an But pick your spell, and name the hour of other through his lungs. Before he died, the day and stick to it hereafter. That he muttered: gives us warnin' when to look out for it, “I slept in the same bed with the and we won't be settin' around in a state and they shot me down like a dog.' of nervous panic and gettin' cases of the “His gun had dropped from his hand, but horrows. If you don't like this, then your with his last gasp, so Moran told me, his fiddle is smashed over your head, pronto.' right forefinger was twitching as he tried “The fiddler didn't like it, but he studied to pull a trigger that wasn't there." a while and said he needed two hours a day Next morning we rode out to a cow camp to keep his hand in. among the hills after the shipping was over, “All right,' says the gang. 'It's a tough and the “rollicky" Texas cattle and the proposition, but if it's two hours, she goes.' more unruly natives had been driven into •Right on the first day all hands got the stock-pens and up the shutes to the sore on the bargain, but the word had been waiting cars. It was good to lie on the passed and we stood pat. This locoed grass near the cook's tent and the chuck fiddler 'wee-waw-ed' for a while and then wagon, and watch the cow punchers come asked how long he had been playin'. in from their hard and dusty task. Now ‘Half an hour,' said the man that held the they would ride the range again for two watch. weeks,“making the circle” to round up “He started up again and fiddled a more cattle to be driven in for shipment. while till his arm got tired, and then he Two hundred picked horses grazed within laid down and wanted to quit. sight of the camp, to keep fifteen men in “One hour,' said the time-keeper. Keep L 58 The Outing Magazine her goin'. We're makin' good on our end the crisp, brown buffalo grass; and other of the bargain. You can't lay down on nights were enlivened by stories of a life your end of it, not on your life.' The that is almost gone, as told in the blankets fiddler grunted and cussed some, and sailed around the camp fires. Then the scene in and 'wee-waw-ed’ most mournful for shifted to another kind of life which seemed half an hour more. Then the boys broke tame and colorless by contrast, but in loose and renigged. They simply couldn't which can be glimpsed, not the past, but stand it any longer, for they saw that there the future of this North country. would be no livin' through the winter with In Williston, North Dakota, just beyond a bargain like that. So they grabbed Mr. So they grabbed Mr. the Montana boundary line, I found the Fiddler and strung him with a rope around men who stand for the new order of things. his feet to two bull-rings about eight feet Some of them were dressed in khaki, leather up on the wall, and left him, head down, to puttees and campaign hats, with a military think it over, hopin' that if all his brains smartness of bearing. They were not army rushed to his head at once, he might get a men, but the scouts of the peaceful inva- gleam of horse sense and quit his vicious sion that is crowding back our dashing habits. heroes of the lariat and the branding iron. "He wriggled quite violent, and finally This engineer's party of the Government managed to climb up his leg and get a Reclamation Service had come to discuss knife out of his belt. Without carin' for with the people of that region an irriga- consequences, he cuts the rope and drops tion project involving forty thousand acres on the back of his neck with a thump that of lands now used for wheat-growing and shook the buildin'. He was fightin' mad grazing. The gathering was like an old- when he come to, and he makes such a fashioned "town-meeting" in New England. rash play with his knife that the musical A hall was filled to overflowing with farm- festivities over at the N-Bar-N wind up ers and townsmen who pressed around a for good with one man settin' on the fid table on which was spread a map of the dler's head, another on his stomach, and near-by country. Leaning over it was the a third whalin' the fiddle into toothpicks Supervising Engineer from Washington. against a post.” The proceedings were in the nature of a Other days in the open range were made heart to heart talk between Uncle Sam and bright in memory by long rides over his children. The freighter and his “chuck-wagon." The Builders 59 T! e paternal government was willing to be easy to pay this from the greatly in- advance the funds needed to increase the creased production. You would think that value of their lands twenty-and thirty-fold these farmers of Williston would jump to if a fair bargain could be struck with the grasp such a magnificent benefaction. The owners. This was a minor project com Supervising Engineer looked up from his pared with the greater irrigation schemes map and said: in progress elsewhere in the arid West, but “It is the wish of the Government that it was no less significant and interesting. these irrigated lands shall be cultivated to Impressive facts, arrayed in terms of mil the best advantage. It has been found in lions of dollars and acres, make rather other reclaimed areas that eighty acres is bloodless reading, unless you can get be as much land as one man can make highly hind them at the men and women con productive. It is probable that the future cerned, whose essential joys and hopes and will show forty acres to be the most ef- sorrows are little different from your own. fective farming unit.” Therefore, this little assemblage in a small The postmaster replied in behalf of his town of the Northwest appealed more to fellow-citizens: the imagination than the sight of some stu “We are the fellows that suffered the pendous masonry dam impounding Heaven hardships to get and keep our land. We knows how many millions of gallons of came into this country as pioneers, and water in a corner of the Arizona desert. settled it, and we have hung on by the skin Here was a handful of hardy-looking of our teeth through thick and thin. We men, just plain American farmers, who had deserve all we can get. Most of us have won their holdings from a wilderness and quarter sections, and we think we can carried their burdens without help. They handle our hundred and sixty acres and were hoping for a verdict which would in make money on the deal. It would not be crease the value of their land from five dol fair to cut us down to eighty acres. The lars to one hundred dollars an acre. The smaller the farm the more settlers will Government proposed to lend them nearly come in, that is true. But let us have a million dollars without interest to put the benefits of the irrigation project. We the water on their land. They must agree are used to big farms. We need lots of to repay the loan, twenty dollars for each land. But the main question is, do we get acre, in ten yearly installments. It would the water?" The new generation at the county fair. 60 The Outing Magazine “Right here is where I draw cards," he shouted to a friend. “I found a vein of coal while I was riding range. I made my location and I'm surely in on the ground floor. The pumping plant to lift the water from the Missouri and put it on the bench lands will have to be staked out near my land. And I'm the boy to supply the coal. Here's one cow man you punkin-rollers can't put out of busi- ness.” In the heart of the Montana range is the Milk River Valley, a land of fertile farming soil three hundred miles long and sixty miles wide. Most of it was an Indian “Doc" Thompson, the veteran cow puncher, one of the last of his reservation until fifteen ger.eration. years ago. Since then Thus spoke the independent American it has been opened for settlement, and to his government, sticking up for what among the earliest pilgrims of the plow he believed belonged to him. The bigger a colony of Eastern farmers who question at stake was whether the govern- founded the town of Chinook on the Great ment would approve the general project? Northern, and spread around it along the This was what these people were breath valley. Upon this empty piece of cattle less to know. Think what it meant to range has grown a town of two thousand them. Sure crops, certain incomes, so people, with brick blocks, two school build- swift an expansion of settlement as would ings, three churches and three hotels. Its read like a fairy tale in any other country, business contributes a quarter of a million every man's possessions swelled thirty-fold dollars a year in freight receipts. by the stroke of a pen in the hand of the Chinook is an important shipping point Secretary of the Interior. After all, this for cattle and sheep, and the cow puncher meeting was as dramatic, in its own fash and the shambling herder with his faithful ion, as the fall round-up a hundred miles dogs mingle in the streets with the farmer away. The Supervising Engineer an who has brought to town a load of beets nounced with dignified deliberation: or alfalfa seed. The Chinook farmers who "In behalf of the Reclamation Service, flung this outpost into the middle of the I have decided to recommend the Williston open range did not wait for Government project to the approval of the Secretary. irrigation projects. They sturdily banded His word is final, but we have gone over the together, men and teams, dug their own ground very thoroughly, and I see no rea ditches, and made land that had been son why you may not expect a favorable worth a few cents an acre to the stock action at Washington. Your co-operation, men, yield from eighteen to twenty-five as shown by the contracts signed, makes dollars a year in hay, wheat, fruit and al- this a most promising undertaking." falfa. There was much shaking of hands and a They showed what could be done with few cheers. A lone cow puncher on the the sleeping resources of the Milk River sidewalk, who had seemed lost in such Valley. Now the Government is plan- company, let out an exultant whoop. ning mightily to reinforce the work they was The Builders 61 so manfully began, and irrigation projects stead entry, of which almost twenty mil- have been surveyed which will sweep lion acres have never been surveyed. It twelve thousand square miles into the raises more wool and sheep than any other golden zone of cultivation. The future state, its copper mines are the richest, its will see more than a hundred thousand cities are growing with immense vigor and families, each with a hundred and sixty solidity, yet it is an empire in its infancy, acre farm, filling this Milk River Valley which is to be conquered and possessed by from end to end. In this one corner of the the people from the older country to the state of Montana irrigation will increase eastward, where the hunger for land and the value of these open grazing lands more homes will increase with each new gen- than fifty million dollars. eration. Montana will continue to be one of the The alarmist swears the country is going greatest of the live-stock states. But the to the dogs when a few rascals in high cattle will be found in small bunches as a places are exposed. But he does not know, part of the diversified farming interests of or he pays no heed, when ten thousand ranches on these reclaimed lands. Mon honest men quietly go forth to build their tana has only 1.7 inhabitants to the square homes in new places, and thereby clinch mile. Its arable lands are greater just so many more rivets in the keel of the tent than those of all New York, Pennsyl- American Ship of State. vania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode As the frontier passes, the nation waxes Island, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Mary- stronger and more unified, and the right land and Delaware. More than half the arm of the Future is strengthened to deal state is Government land, open to home with the problems that vex the Present. ex- (To be continued.) Cattle owners of the open range. T.Farrington Elmer Drawing by R. Farrington Elwell. Galloping in to the nearest station with Death close behind. "OVERLAND THE STORY OF THE “OVERLAND MAIL" WRITTEN FROM DATA FURNISHED BY R. F. ELWELL ILLUSTRATED BY R. FARRINGTON ELWELL O N the seventeenth of May, 1859, outfit this first through line to the Rockies. Denver turned out to welcome the To maintain a daily service they had to first through coach of what was buy one thousand fine Kentucky mules, destined to grow into the “Overland Mail,” and establish stations every dozen or an enterprise which, for sheer American twenty miles along the route. When they pluck and daring, must be forever linked were ready to send out the first coach, the with the fame of the “ Pony Express.” rolling stock had been obtained on their Red shirts drifted to the outskirts of the ninety-day notes. hamlet and dotted the hills around. Hard For three months Denver rejoiced in its faced bar tenders made ready for the "hot overland line, and then came the smash. test night that ever tore this camp loose. The owners were spending more to keep The artillery of holster and saddle-boot up the service than was coming in on was unlimbered for an ecstatic fusillade. the passenger way-bills, and Denver was There was lively betting in dust and nug threatened with a humiliating isolation. It gets that the first through stage had been looked as if the through stage route, on a gathered in by Indians, with takers as regular schedule, was the dream of a couple eager to stake their faith that the scalps of enthusiasts. At this critical juncture in of driver and guard would come through the problem of pioneer transportation, the intact. wealthy firm of Russell, Majors and Wad- At length a swirl of dust showed far dell, overland freighters and contractors, down the trail. It grew into a yellow came to the rescue. The partner Russell cloud that crept toward the eager hamlet. was also one of the luckless pair involved Then six mules, stretched out on the gallop, in the stage enterprise, into which he had emerged from this curtain and behind them plunged as an independent venture. In- was the lumbering, swaying stage, come stead of saying “We told you so, these safely through, on time, and Denver was doughty comrades pulled out of the mire in touch with the world where men wore the fortunes of the “busted" firm of Rus- white shirts and lived in real houses. The sell and Jones. The capital of the big firm cheers that roared a welcome to this heroic was now swung into the stage business enterprise were echoed in every Western with even bolder plans than before. town which hoped and longed for a link of The Denver line was viewed as a possible its own with the home country, “ 'way back foundation for a service to stretch from East.” St. Joseph, on the Missouri, clear out to But to put that dusty coach into Den Salt Lake City. At that time there was ver with its six sweating mules required running between these two far-distant mighty labor and greater faith and grit. points a rickety and feeble stage line which Two frontier captains of industry, W. H. made its trips once in two months, there Russell and J. S. Jones, were the founders, and back. It was a route of twelve hun- and with ideas bigger than their capital dred miles, and the journey was a rash they put in every dollar they could find, hazard as to time and accommodation and stretched their credit to the limit, to along the way. The coaches were cheaply L 63 7. Farrington Elwell- Drawing by R. Farrington Elwell All day, without water, the little guard fought off the band of Sioux. The Story of the “Overland Mail” 65 built, breaking down with appalling fre twenty miles a day, more than cutting the quency, and the changing stations were running time in two. so far apart that the mules and horses At first the eastern terminus was Leav- must be rested and grazed while the travel enworth; this was changed to Atchison, ers waited and swore. Those who were in and a little later to St. Joseph, which re- a hurry to get to Salt Lake preferred to mained the starting point of the Overland trail along with a freighter's outfit. Mail until the coming of the railroad. From Now the same qualities which inspire the St. Joseph the Concord coach and its six bold and far-seeing business combinations mules rolled westward up the beautiful Pa- of to-day, where millions are juggled and latte valley, past old Fort Kearney, follow- fortunes risked, were the stock in trade of ing the broad and shallow river to Jules- those early transportation kings, known burg on the South Fork. Thence the route as the firm of Russell, Majors and Wad headed northwest to strike the North Fork dell. If they had lived in this day and gen of the Platte, along this river valley to Fort eration, they would be found leading the Laramie, and then into the South Pass of forces in one of the great railway "group" the Rockies. Past Fort Bridger, the road consolidations. wound to Salt Lake City. They saw the Denver line go under; they These Napoleons of early American en- looked over the bigger proposition, between terprise not only made this line pay, but St. Joseph and Salt Lake, and found that it was not long before they began to look it was a losing business, tottering in the farther westward. They grasped at the last ditch. But these men refused to take magnificent idea of pushing their line clear warning. They had faith in the bigness out to the Pacific coast and joining Cali- of their West and its latent powers, and fornia with the Atlantic border. These they builded upon their faith. road makers began to establish stations in Instead of “getting out from under," the deserts of Utah and Idaho, where wa- they scooped in both these sorry ventures ter was scarce and the obstacles enough to and consolidated them. The great through stagger any equipment short of balloons. route was to end at Salt Lake, and the But a step at a time the way was prepared, Denver line was to be made a spur. The and the weather-scarred, bullet-pierced equipment of the latter was first-class. It stages of this company rocked across the would help to get the big scheme under snowy passes of the Sierras, and, with way. Therefore the promoters bought out squealing brakes, shot down into the val- the owners of the Salt Lake line, Messrs. ley of the Sacramento. California was one Hockaday and Leggett, and went down terminus, the Missouri River the other. to the bottom of their pockets to reorgan The men who planned and backed the ize the new system. Overland Route were big and brave, but They built more than one hundred new they could have done nothing without a stations along the twelve hundred miles little army of agents and drivers every whit of plain, desert and mountain pass. They as big and brave in their humbler spheres put on the finest, stoutest Concord coaches of action. And it was action, white-hot that brains could plan and money pay for. and picturesque, such as you may find to- These vehicles were stanch and heavy, day only on the firing-line of an army. carrying from nine to a dozen passengers There was an agent in charge of each in a swinging body slung to the running division of two hundred and fifty miles of gear by leather thorough-braces. Thus road, with all its stations and equipment. swung between heaven and earth the tray He bought and distributed rations, fodder, eler was tossed like a pea in a dry pod; mules, harness, and kept the buildings in but he was protected from the weather, repair. He fed his passengers and fought he was well fed, and he was moving night for their lives, he kept his drivers on the and day at the limit of horse and mule jump, and his mule teams fit and ready. power. The old line to Salt Lake used His stations were forts as well, in which twenty-one days for the twelve hundred he must stand off the Indian raids that miles, if all went well. The new line lent zest to a trip in the Overland Coach. slammed its passengers through in ten There was no summoning a wrecking crew days, an average gait of one hundred and by wire when a coach toppled off a moun- 66 The Outing Magazine tain road. The agent was king of his terri think it might be a losing race to the sta- tory, and his responsibilities demanded that tion, where the stock-tender and his gang order of ability which made the American would be able to make a stand-off fight of pioneers a race of giants. it. So he handed the reins to the agent, The stage driver took his chances and whipped his rifle from its boot, and turned counted himself lucky if his skin would for a snap shot at the leading Indian. hold whiskey, without leaky and annoy This headlong brave happened to be the ing bullet holes, at the end of his run. chief of the party, and Cody tumbled him Stage driving as an art departed with the from his pony with neatness and dispatch. passing of this race of experts. Now and The agitated passengers opened a furious then you will find in the quartermaster's fusillade which punctured earth and sky, wagon trains of the regular army a grizzled and shook the nerve of the pursuers, even pilot of four or six Government mules who if it did not endanger their lives. But it learned his trade in the far West, and who was the rifle of the driver that contin- may be called an heir to the skill of the ued to drill the warriors until the station men on the boxes of the Overland. was in sight, when the Indians doubled Colonel William F. Cody drove one of back, unwilling to make of it a stockade these coaches when he was a hardy lad assault. of twenty. An experience of the young As soon as the mail and express business Cody when he was steering the Overland expanded, the guard, or conductor, shared as a livelihood may convey some notion with the driver the perils of the road. It of the lives these men led in the brave days was his business to stand off, not only of a past generation. the petulant savage, but the more deter- As he pulled out of the Plum Creek sta mined desperado who gained his precarious tion on a bracing November morning, the livelihood by “holding up” the through agent shouted a warning about Indians. stages. Young Cody cracked his whip over the Every day the big coaches rolled out of backs of his six peppery mustangs, and Sacramento and St. Joseph, with the regu- idly figured that the agent was "getting larity of a through-train system. By night Injuns on the brain.” But that prudent and day they reeled over mountain and official recalled him, and announced his plain, always in danger of Indian attack. sudden decision to go along as an extra The only respite from this danger was in precaution. The seven passengers were the summer of 1858, when General Albert well armed, and the agent was a clanking Sidney Johnston marched six thousand arsenal as he clambered to the box. troops along the Overland Trail to quell This little garrison on wheels jogged the threatened Mormon rebellion. This safely over the first half of the run without army, with its long trains of wagons and signs of trouble. Then the alert eye of artillery, so impressed the Indians, who young Cody sighted certain nodding tufts thought all this array was intended for of feathers over the top of a bowlder not their discomfort, that they withdrew from far distant. Ahead was a stream difficult the vicinity and left the stage route clear. to ford, and the driver swiftly calculated Life, for a little while, became positively that by making a rush for it he might cross monotonous to the drivers. before the Sioux could head him off. The The heroic trio, Russell, Majors and six horses surged into their collars, the Waddell, had rendered their country a coach tossed wildly at their frantic heels, grand service, but it was more patriotic and as the outfit lunged into the creek than otherwise profitable. The extension bottom, fifty Sioux warriors dashed from of their through service could not be made the willows at the water's edge and opened to meet the vast outlay needed to main- fire. tain it. They smilingly cashed in a defi- But the boy driver had beaten them to cit of several hundred thousand dollars in the water, and was floundering through three years, and then decided that they and across before they could pick up the knew enough to quit before they went chase. The ponies of the hostiles gained broke. In 1862 they transferred the whole on the heavy coach, whose wheels were Overland equipment to Ben Holliday, one clogging in yellow mud. Cody began to of the finest products of the frontier. - The Story of the “Overland Mail” 67 Fortune favored his bold venture in between the wheels, and sand scooped up to shouldering this enterprise, for shortly strengthen the hasty, feeble barricade. after he took charge the United States All day, without water, the little guard Government made a contract with the fought off the band of Sioux, who charged Overland for carrying the through mails up to the makeshift stronghold time and to the Pacific Coast. This contract, worth again. The Indians were so sure of their eight hundred thousand dollars a year, booty that they threw away their long- turned the tide, and the Overland began range tactics and tried to rush the coaches to pour dividends into the pockets of Ben until the guard were able to drag in their Holliday. He was only thirty-eight years dead bodies to reinforce the breastworks. old at that time, full to the brim with More than half the defenders were hit, initiative and energy, and he began to send but they stood their ground until night- out branch stage routes to every mining fall. Then those who were able to stand camp and town within reaching distance threw one of the coaches from its running of the trunk line. Mail communication gear, and upon the axles and bracing laid spread out and blossomed as a “side line" of their own wounded. With this rude am- the growing business of Holliday, for along bulance in tow they struggled on along the his branch routes he charged twenty-five trail, stopping to fight, reeling with exhaus- cents for handling a letter after the Gov tion. But before daybreak they reached ernment stamp had been placed thereon. the station at the Three Crossings of the During the Civil War the Overland Sweetwater. saw the high tide of its prosperity. There A large force of frontiersmen went to the was a long and tedious western route be scene of the fight a few days later. They tween San Francisco and St. Louis, through found the coaches stuck so full of arrows Los Angeles and El Paso. But its rivalry that they looked like gigantic pincushions, for passengers, mail and express was wiped and fairly shot to pieces with bullets. The out by the war, for the southern route ran mail sacks had been slit open and rifled, for a long distance through Confederate and thousands of dollars in drafts and territory. Although Ben Holliday's line bonds were strewn along the trail. These ran clear of this kind of interference, his papers were gathered up, shipped to Wash- coaches were harassed by Indians, who ington, and reforwarded with the official grew bolder as the frontier was stripped explanation that they had been "delayed of troops to reinforce the garrisons of the en route,” a statement so matter-of-fact border states. that it has a touch of humor. One of the fiercest fights in the history Although Ben Holliday was making a of the Overland took place in 1863. large fortune in the management of the Two heavily laden coaches were trailing Overland, he was tempted to sell out in along the Sweetwater on an April morning. 1866, when the Wells Fargo Express Com- They had an armed guard of nine picked - pany began to make offers for the business. men in charge of the conductor, James A bargain was finally struck by which Brown. The outfit was approaching a Holliday received one million five hundred watercourse called Devil's Creek, when a thousand in cash, and three hundred thou- Sioux fighting man on pony back jumped sand in stock of the express company. from ambush ahead, and as if this were a The Wells Fargo Company maintained signal, the air was full of bullets and ar the Overland even after the rails of the rows hurtling from the roadside. Union Pacific and Northern Pacific began The guard of the coaches made a stout to push forward along the trail that had defense, beating off the first attack, but been for so long rutted by the wheels of the horses began to drop in harness, and the Concord coaches. The Overland con- in a few minutes every animal was down, tinued to link the shortening gap between killed or wounded. The two coaches were the lines of rails from east and west. stalled, therefore, and there was nothing When the last spike was driven at Prom- to do but make a "last stand” of it. The ontory Point on May 10, 1869, the Overland coaches were dragged together under a hot Mail vanished, to become a chapter in the fire at short range, mail sacks were piled splendid history of the American frontier. T BAR 20 RANGE YARNS II.-THE VAGRANT SIOUX BY CLARENCE EDWARD MULFORD PAINTING BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER lay within a mile on every side lay broad prairies, and two miles to the east flowed HE town the indolent waters of the Rio Pecos itself. sprawled over half The distance separating the town from the a square mile of al river was excusable, for at certain seasons kali plain, its main of the year the placid stream swelled might- T street depressing ily and swept down in a broad expanse of in its width, for turbulent, yellow flood. those who were On the afternoon of one August day the responsible for its town seemed desolated, and the earth and inception had the buildings thereon wer as huge fur- worked with a gen- naces radiating a visible heat; but when erosity born of the knowledge that they the blazing sun had begun to settle in the had at their immediate and unchallenged west, it awoke with a clamor that might disposal the broad lands of Texas and New have been laid to the efforts of a zealous Mexico, on which to assemble a grand total Satan. At this time it became the Mecca of twenty buildings, four of which were of two-score or more joyous cowboys from of wood. As this material was scarce and the neighboring ranches, who livened things had to be brought from where the waters as those knights of the saddle could. of the Gulf lapped against the flat coast, In the scant but heavy shadow of Cow- the last-mentioned buildings were a mat an's saloon sat a picturesque figure, from ter of local pride as indicating the pro whom came guttural, resonant rumblings gressiveness of their owners. These crea which mingled in a spirit of loneliness with tions of hammer and saw were of one story, the fretful sighs of a flea-tormented dog. crude and unpainted; their cheap weath Both dog and master were vagrants, and er-sheathing, warped and shrunken by the they were tolerated because it was a matter pitiless sun, curled back on itself and al of supreme indifference as to who came or lowed unrestricted entrance to alkali dust how long they stayed, as long as the ethics and air. The other shacks were of adobe, and the unwritten law of the cow country and reposed in that magnificent squalor were in violate. And the breaking of these dear to their owners, Indians and “Greas caused no unnecessary anxiety, for justice ers.' was both speedy and sure. Such was the town of Buckskin, located When the outcast Sioux and his yellow in the valley of the Rio Pecos, fifty miles dog had drifted into town some few months south of the Texas-New Mexico line. It before, they had caused neither expostu- was an incident of the Cattle Trail, that lation nor inquiry, as the cardinal virtue most unique and stupendous of all modern of that whole broad land was to ask a man migrations, and its founders must have no questions which might prove embar- been inspired with a malicious desire to per rassing to all concerned; judgment was of petrate a crime against geography, or else observation, not of history, and a man's they reveled in a perverse cussedness, for past would reveal itself through his actions, - 68 Bar 20 Range Yarns 69 It mattered little whether he was an em were not analytic in temperament, neither bezzler or the wild chip from some pros were they moralists. He was not a menace perous eastern block, as men came to the to society, because society had superb de- range to forget and to lose touch with fenses. So they vaguely recognized his the pampered East; and the range ab many poor qualities and clearly saw his sorbed them as its own. A man was only few good ones. few good ones. He could shoot, when per- a man as his skin contained the qualities mitted, with the best; no horse, however necessary; and the illiterate who could refractory, had ever been known to throw ride and shoot and live to himself was far him; he was an adept at following the more esteemed than the educated who trails left by rustlers, and that was an could not do those things. The more a asset; he became of value to the com- man depends upon himself and the closer munity; he was an economic factor. His is his contact to a quick judgment, the ability to consume liquor with indifferent more laconic and even-poised he becomes. effects raised him another notch in their And the knowledge that he is himself a estimation. He was not always talking judge, tends to create caution and judg- when some one else wished to—another ment. He has no court to uphold his count. There remained about him that honor and to offer him protection, so he stoical indifference to the petty; that ob- must be quick to protect himself and to servant nonchalance of the Indian; and maintain his own standing. His nature there was a suggestion, faint, it was true, saved him, or it executed; and the range of a dignity common to chieftains. He absolved him of all unpaid penalties of a was a log of grave deference that tossed on careless past. He became a man born their sea of mischievous hilarity. again and he took up his burden, the ex He wore a pair of corduroy trousers, actions of a new environment, and he lived known to the care-free as "pants,” which as long as those exactions gave him the were held together by numerous patches right to live. He must tolerate no re of what had once been brilliantly colored strictions of his natural rights, and he must calico. A pair of suspenders, torn into not restrict; for the one would proclaim two separate straps, made a belt for him- him a coward; the other, a bully; and both self and a collar for his dog. The trousers received short shifts in that land of the had probably been secured during a fit of self-protected. The basic law of nature absent-mindedness on his part when their is, the survival of the fittest. former owner had not been looking. Tucked So, when the wanderers found their at intervals in the top of the corduroys level in Buckskin, they were not even asked (the exceptions making convenient shelves by what name men knew them. Not car for alkali dust) was what at one time had ing to hear a name which might not har been a stiff-bosomed shirt. This was open monize with their idea of the fitness of down the front and back, the weight of things, the cowboys of the Bar 20 had, the trousers on the belt holding it firmly on with a freedom born of excellent livers and the square shoulders of the wearer, thus fearless temperaments, bestowed names be precluding the necessity of collar buttons. fitting their sense of humor and adaptabil- A pair of moccasins, beautifully worked ity. The official title of the Sioux was with wampum, protected his feet from the By-and-by; the dog was known as Fleas. onslaughts of cacti and the inquisitive and Never had names more clearly described pugnacious sand-flies; and lying across his the objects to be represented, for they lap was a repeating Winchester rifle, not were excellent examples of cowbiy, dis- dangerous because it was empty, a condi- cernment and aptitude. tion due to the wisdom of the citizens in In their eyes By-and-by was a man. forbidding any one to sell, trade or give He could feel and he could resent insults. to him those tubes of concentrated trouble, They did not class him as one of themselves because he could get drunk. because he did not have energy enough The two were contented and happy. to demand and justify such classification. They had no cares nor duties, and their With them he had a right to enjoy his life pleasures were simple and easily secured, as he saw fit, so long as he did not trespass as they consisted of sleep and a proneness on or restrict the rights of others. They to avoid moving Like the untrammeled 70 The Outing Magazine gave it. coyote, their bed was where sleep overtook handed his rifle, with an exaggerated sweep them; their food, what the night wrapped of his arm, to the cowboy nearest to him, in a sense of security, or the generosity of and wrapped his arms around the recipient the cowboys of the Bar 20. No tub-ridden to insure his balance. The rifle was passed Diogenes ever knew so little of responsi from hand to hand until it came to Buck bility or as much unadulterated content. Peters, who gravely presented it to its There is a penalty even to civilization and owner as a new gun. ambition. By-and-by threw out his stomach in When the sun had cast its shadows be an endeavor to keep his head in line with yond By-and-by's feet, the air became his heels, and, grasping the weapon with charged with noise; shouts, shots and the both hands, turned to Cowan, to whom he rolling thunder of madly pounding hoofs echoed flatly throughout the town. By “Yu hab this un. Me got two. Me and-by yawned, stretched and leaned back, keep new un, mebbyso.” Then he loos- reveling in the semi-conscious ecstasy of ened his belt and drank long and deep. the knowledge that he did not have to im A shadow darkened the doorway and mediately get up. Fleas opened one eye Hopalong limped in. Spying By-and-by and cocked an ear in inquiry, and then pushing the bottle into his mouth, while rolled over on his back, squirmed and Red Connors propped him up, he grinned sighed contentedly and long. The outfit and took out five silver dollars, which he of the Bar 20 had come to town. jingled under By-and-by's eyes, causing The noise came rapidly nearer and in that worthy to lay aside the liquor and creased in volume as the riders turned the erratically grab for the tantalizing fortune. corner and drew rein suddenly, causing "Not yet, sabe?" said Hopalong, chang- their mounts to slide on their haunches in ing the position of the money. “If yu ankle-deep dust. wants to corral this here herd of simoleons “Hullo, old Buck-with-th'-pants, how's yu has to ride a cayuse what Red bet me yore liver?” yu can't ride. Yu has got to grow on that "Come up an' irrigate, old tank!" there saddle an’ stay growed for five whole “Chase th’ flea ranch an' trail along!” minutes by Buck's ticker. I ain't a-goin' These were a few of the salutations dis to tell yu he's any saw-horse, for yu'd know cernible among the medley of playful yells, better, as yu reckons Red wouldn't bet on the safety valves of supercharged good no losin' proposition if he knowed better, nature. which same he don't. Yu straddles that ‘Skr-e-e!” yelled Hopalong Cassidy, let four-laigged cloud-burst an' yu gets these, ting off a fusillade of shots in the vicinity sabe? I ain't seen th’ cayuse yet that yu of Fleas, who rapidly retreated around the couldn't freeze to, an' I'm backin' my opin- corner, where he wagged his tail in eager ions with my moral support an'one month's expectation. He was not disappointed, pay." for a cow pony tore around in pursuit and By-and-by's eyes began to glitter as Hopalong leaned over and scratched the the meaning of the words sifted through yellow back, thumping it heartily, and, his befuddled mind. Ride a horse-five tossing a chunk of beef into the open jaws dollars-ride a five-dollars horse—horses of the delighted dog, departed as he had ride dollars--then he straightened up and come. The advent of the outfit meant a began to speak in an incoherent jumble of square meal and the dog knew it. Sioux and bad English. He, the mighty In Cowan's, lined up against the bar, rider of the Sioux; he, the bravest warrior the others were earnestly and assiduously and the greatest hunter; could he ride a endeavoring, with a promise of success, to horse for five dollars? Well, he rather get By-and-by drunk, which endeavors thought he could. Grasping Red by the coincided perfectly with By-and-by's idea shoulder, he tacked for the door and nar- of the fitness of things. The fellowship rowly missed hitting the bottom step first, and the liquor combined to thaw out his landing, as it happened, in the soft dust reserve and to loosen his tongue. After with Red's leg around his neck. Some- gazing with an air of injured surprise at the what sobered by the jar, he stood up and genial loosening of his knees, he gravely apologized to the crowd for Red getting in Bar 20 Range Yarns 71 the way, declaring that Red was a "Heap passing had been paid for. His surviv- good un," and that he didn't mean to do it. ing friends seldom mentioned him, but on The outfit of the Bar 20 was, perhaps, the pegs above his vacant bunk hung his the most famous of all from Canada to the Cheyenne saddle and all of his effects; and Rio Grande. The foreman, Buck Peters, woe to the man or men who spoke of him controlled a crowd of men (who had all in an unjust or insulting manner! the instincts of boys) that had shown no Buck Peters was a man of mild appear- quarter to many rustlers, and who, while ance, somewhat slow of speech and cor- always care-free and easy-going (even respondingly quick of action, who never fighting with great good humor and care became flurried. His was the master hand lessness), had established the reputation that controlled, and his Colts enjoyed the of being the most reckless gang of dare reputation of never missing when a hit devil gunfighters that ever pounded leather. could have been expected with reason. Crooked gaming houses, from El Paso to Many floods, stampedes and blizzards had Cheyenne and from Phenix to Leaven assailed his nerves, but he yet could pour worth, unanimously and enthusiastically a glass of liquor, held at arm's length, damned them from their boots to their through a knot hole in the floor without sombreros, and the sheriffs and marshals wetting the wood. of many localities had received from their Next in age came Lanky Smith, a small, hands most timely assistance —and some undersized man of retiring disposition. trouble. Wiry, indomitable, boyish and Then came Skinny Thompson, six feet four generous, they were splendid examples of on his bared soles, and true to his name; virile manhood; and, surrounded as they Hopalong described him as “th’shadow were with great dangers and a unique civ of a chalk mark.” Pete Wilson, the slow- ilization, they should not, in justice, be witted and very taciturn, and Billy Wil- judged by opinions born of the common liams, the wavering pessimist, were of ordi- place. nary height and appearance. Red Connors, They were real cowboys, which means, with hair that shamed the name, was the public opinion to the contrary notwith possessor of a temper that was as dry standing, that they were not lawless, nor as tinder; his greatest weakness was his drunken, shooting bullies who held life regard for the rifle as a means of preserv- cheaply, as their kin has been unjustly pic- ing peace. Johnny Nelson had taken the tured; but, while these men were naturally place formerly occupied by Jimmy Price, peaceable, they had to continually rub el that of the protégé, and he could do no bows with men who were not. Gamblers, wrong. The last, Hopalong Cassidy, was criminals, bullies and the riff-raff that fled a combination of irresponsibility, humor, from the protected East, had drifted among good nature, love of fighting, and non- them in great numbers and it was this class chalance when face to face with danger. that caused the trouble. The hard-work His most prominent attribute was that of ing "cow punchers" lived according to the always getting into trouble without any law of the land, a land farther from Broad intention of so doing; in fact, he was much way than China was, and they obeyed that aggrieved and surprised when it came. It greatest of all laws, that of self-preservation. seemed as though when any "bad-man” Their fun was boisterous, but they paid för desired to add to his reputation he inva- all the damage they inflicted; their work riably selected Hopalong as the means (a was one continual hardship, and the re fact due, perhaps, to the perversity of action of one extreme swings far toward things in general). Bad-men became scarce the limit of its antithesis. Go back to the soon after Hopalong became a fixture in Apple if you would trace the beginning of any locality. He had been crippled some self-preservation and the need. years before in a successful attempt to pre- There were, at this time, eight in the vent the assassination of a friend, Sheriff outfit, Jimmy Price (a boy of eighteen) Harris, of Albuquerque, and he still pos- having been wantonly shot and killed the sessed a limp. year before by a cowboy of the C 80, a When Red had relieved his feelings and neighboring ranch; and in the battle that had dug the alkali out of his ears and eyes, followed between the respective outfits his he led the Sioux to the rear of the saloon, 72 The Outing Magazine where a "pinto" was busily engaged in “Sounded like thunder a short time endeavoring to pitch a saddle from his past, an' from th' dust it must be sort of back, employing the intervals in trying windy out,” drawled Buck. to see how much of the picket rope he "Hey, yu, let up on that an' have a could wrap around his legs. drink on th' house,” invited Cowan. “If I When By-and-by saw what he was ex gits that d-n warwhoop I'll make yu pected to ride he felt somewhat relieved, think there's been a cyclone. I'll see how for the pony did not appear to have more long that bum hangs around this here burg, than the ordinary amount of cussedness. I will.” He waved his hand, and Johnny and Red Red's eyes narrowed and his temper got bandaged the animal's eyes, which quieted the upper hand. “He ain't no bum when him at once, and then they untangled the yu gives him rotgut at a quarter of a dol- rope from around his legs and saw that the lar a glass, is he? Any time that 'bum' cinches were secure. Motioning to By- gits razzled out for nothin' more in this, and-by that all was ready, they jerked the why, I goes too; an' I ain't sayin' nothin' bandage off as the Indian settled himself about goin' peaceable-like, neither." in the saddle. "I knowed somethin' like this 'ud hap- Had By-and-by been really sober he pen," dolefully sang out Billy Williams, would have taken the conceit out of that strong on the side of his pessimism. pony in chunks, and as it was, he expe “For th' Lord's sake, have yu broke rienced no great difficulty in holding his out?" asked Red, disgustedly. “I'm goin' seat; but in his addled state of mind he to hit th' trail—but just keep this afore grasped the end of the cinch strap in such yore mind: if By-an'-by gits in any ac- a way that when the pony jumped for cidents or ain't in sight when I comes to ward in its last desperate effort the buckle town again, this here climate 'll be a d--n slipped and the cinch became unfastened; sight hotter 'n it is now. No hard feel- and By-and-by, still seated in the saddle, ings, sabe? It's just a casual bit of advice. flew headforemost into the horse trough, Come on, fellows, let's amble—I'm hun- where he spilled much water. gry.” As this happened Cowan turned the As they raced across the plain toward corner, and when he saw the wasted water the ranch, a pair of beady eyes, snapping (which he had to carry, bucketful at a with a drunken rage, watched them from time, from the wells a good quarter of a an arroyo; and when Cowan entered the mile away) his anger blazed forth, and saloon the next morning he could not find yelling, he ran for the drenched Sioux who By-and-by's rifle, which he had placed was just crawling out of his bath. When behind the bar. He also missed a handful the unfortunate saw the irate man bearing of cartridges from the box near the cash down on him, he sputtered in rage and drawer; and had he looked closely at his fear, and, turning, he ran down the street bottled whiskey he would have noticed a with Cowan thundering flat footedly be- loss there. A horse was missing from a hind on a fat man's gallop, to the hysterical Mexican's corral and there were rumors cheers of the delighted outfit, who saw in that several Indians had been seen far out it nothing but a good joke. on the plain. When Cowan returned from his hopeless II task, blowing and wheezing, he heard sun- dry remarks, sotto voce, which were not “Phew! I'm shore hungry,” said Hop- calculated to increase his opinion of his along, as he and Red dismounted at the physical condition. ranch the next morning for breakfast. "Seems to me,” remarked the irrepress “Wonder what's good for it?” ible Hopalong, “that one of those cayuses “They's three things that's good for has got th' heaves." famine,” said Red, leading the way to the "It shore sounds like it,” acquiesced bunk-house. “Yu can pull in yore belt, Johnny, red in the face from holding in his yu can drink, an' yu can eat. laughter, "an' say, somebody interferes." ting as bad as Johnny—but he's young "All knock-kneed animals do, yu heath- yet.” en,” supplied Red. The others met their entrance with a Yore get- Bar 20 Range Yarns 73 volley of good-humored banter, some of time yu gits yore shirt washed,” gravely which was so personal and evoked such interposed Hopalong as he went out to cuss responses that it sounded like the pre the cook. liminary skirmish to a fight. But under "Well, what 'd yu think of that?” ex- all was that soft accent, that drawl of claimed Billy in an injured tone. humorous appreciation and eyes twinkling "Oh, yu needn't be hikin' for Albu- in suppressed merriment. Here they were querque-Washee-Washee 'ud charge yu thoroughly at home and the spirit of com double for washin' yore shirt. Yu ought to radeship manifested itself in many subtle fall in th' river some day—then he might ways; the wit became more daring and talk business,” called Hopalong over his sharp, Billy lost some of his pessimism, shoulder, as he heaved an old boot into and the alertness disappeared from their the gallery. “Hey, yu hibernatin' son of manner. morphine, if yu don't git them flapjacks Skinny left off romping with Red and in here pretty sudden-like, I'll scatter yu yawned. “I wish that cook 'ud wake up all over th' landscape, sabe? Yu just an' git breakfast. He's th'cussedest wait till Johnny comes!" Greaser I ever saw -- he kin go to sleep “Wonder where th’ kid is?” asked standin' up an' not know it. Johnny's th' Lanky, rolling a cigarette. boy that worries him—th' kid comes in an' “Off somewhere lookin' at th' sun whoops things up till he's gorged himself.” through th' bottom of my bottle,” grum- "Johnny's got th' most appallin' feel for bled Billy. grub of anybody I knows," added Red. Hopalong started to go out, but halted “I wonder what's keepin' him—he's usu on the sill and looked steadily off toward ally hangin' around here bawlin' for his the northwest. “That's funny. Hey, fel- grub like a spoiled calf, long afore cookie's lows, here comes Buck an' Johnny ridin' got th' fire goin'." double-on a walk; too!” he exclaimed. “Mebby he rustled some grub out with “Wonder what th'-thunder! Red, Buck's him - I saw him tiptoin' out of th’gal- carryin' him! Somethin's busted!” he lery this mornin' when I come back for yelled, as he dashed for his pony and made my cigs," remarked Hopalong, glancing at for the newcomers. Billy. "I told yu he was hittin' my bottle,” Billy groaned and made for the gallery. pertly remarked Billy, as he followed the Emerging half a minute later he blurted rest outside. out his tale of woe: “Every time I blows “Did yu ever see Johnny drunk? Did myself an' don't drink it all in town, some yu ever see him drink more 'n two glasses? slab-sided maverick freezes to it. It's Shut yore wailin’ face—they's somethin' gone,” he added, dismally. worse in that in this here,” said Red, his "Too bad, Billy--but what is it?" asked temper rising. “Hopalong an' me took Skinny. yore cheap liquor-it's under Pete's bunk," “What is it? Wha'd yu think it was, he added. yu emaciated match? Jewelry? Cayuses? The trio approached on a walk and It's whiskey-two simoleons worth. Some Johnny, delirious and covered with blood, thin's allus wrong. This here whole was carried into the bunk house. Buck yearth's wrong, just like that cross-eyed waited until all had assembled again and sky-pilot said over to- then, his face dark with anger, spoke “Will yu let up?" yelled Red, throwing sharply and without the usual drawl: a sombrero at the grumbling unfortunate. "Skragged from behind, d-n them! Get “Yu ask Buck where yore tanglefoot is." some grub an’ water an' be quick. We'll “I'd shore look nice askin' th' boss if see who th' gent with th’ grudge is.” he'd rustled my whiskey, wouldn't l? An’ At this point the expostulations of the would yu mind throwin' somebody else's indignant cook, who, not understanding hat? I paid twenty wheels for that, eight the cause, regarded the invasion of hina- years ago, an' I don't want it mussed shop bulls as sacrilegious, came to tus ears. none.” Striding quickly to the door, he grabbed "Gee, yore easy! Why, Ah Sing, over the pan the Mexican was about to throw, at Albuquerque, gives them away every and, turning the now frightened man 74 The Outing Magazine one. arc. around, thundered, “Keep quiet an' get knowing how bad he was hit. It was this 'em some grub." trail that led to the northwest, and it was When rifles and ammunition had been this trail that they followed without paus- secured they mounted and followed him at ing; and four men suited them better than a hard gallop along the back trail. No one, for there would be a fight and a good words were spoken, for none were necessary. All knew that they would not return until When they had covered fifty miles they they had found the man for whom they sighted the Cross Bar O ranch, where they were looking, even if the chase led to Can- hoped to secure fresh mounts. As they rode ada. They did not ask Buck for any of up to the ranch house the owner, Bud the particulars, for the foreman was not Wallace, came around the corner and saw in the humor to talk, and all, save Hopa them. long, whose curiosity was always on edge, "Hullo, boys! What deviltry are yu recognized only two facts and cared for up to now?” he asked. nothing else: Johnny had been ambushed Buck leaped from his mount, followed and they were going to get the one who was by the others, and shoved his sombrero responsible. They did not even conjecture back on his head as he started to remove as to who it might be, because the trail the saddle. would lead them to the man himself, and “We're trailin' a bunch of murderers. it mattered nothing who or what he was They ambushed Johnny an'd-n near there was only one course to take with an killed him. I stopped here to get fresh assassin. So they said nothing, but rode cayuses.” on with squared jaws and set lips, the "Yu did right!" replied Wallace heartily. seven ponies breast to breast in a close Then raising his voice, he shouted to some of his men who were near the corral to bring Soon they came to an arroyo which they up the seven best horses they could rope. took at a leap. As they approached it Then he told the cook to bring out plenty they saw signs in the dust which told them of food and drink. that a body had lain there huddled up; “I got four punchers what ain't doin' and there were brown spots on the baked nothin' but eat,” he suggested. alkali. The trail they followed was now "Much obliged, Wallace, but there's only single, Buck having ridden along the bank four of 'em an’ we'd rather get 'em our- of the arroyo when hunting for Johnny, selves, Johnny 'ud feel better," replied for whom he had orders. This trail was Buck, throwing his saddle on the horse very irregular, as if the horse had wandered that was led up to him. at will. Suddenly they came upon five “How's yore catridges-got plenty?" tracks all pointing one way, and four of persisted Wallace. these turned abruptly and disappeared “Two hundred apiece,” responded Buck, in the northwest. Half a mile beyond the springing into his saddle and riding off. point of separation was a chaparral, which “So long,” he called. was an important factor to them. "So long, an' plug h- out of them," Each man knew just what had taken shouted Wallace as the dust swept over place as if he had been an eye-witness, for him. the trail was plain. The assassins had At five in the afternoon they forded the waited in the chaparral for Johnny to pass, Black River at a point where it crossed the probably having seen him riding that way. state line from New Mexico, and at dusk When he had passed and his back had been camped at the base of the Guadaloupe turned to them they had fired and wounded Mountains. At daybreak they took up the him severely at the first volley, for Johnny chase, grim and merciless, and shortly after- was of the stuff that fights back and his ward they passed the smouldering remains revolvers had showed full chambers and of a camp fire, showing that the pursued clean barrels when Red had examined had been in a great hurry, for it should them in the bunk house. Then they had have been put out and masked. At noon given chase for a short distance, and, from they left the mountains to the rear and some inexplicable motive, probably fear, sighted the Barred Horseshoe, which they they had turned and ridden off without approached. Bar 20 Range Yarns 75 The owner of the ranch saw them coming, northeast of Skinny, and the same distance and from their appearance surmised that southeast of Buck was Red Connors, who something was wrong. was crawling up the bed of an arroyo. “What is it?” he shouted. “Rustlers?” Billy, nursing his arm, lay in front of the "Nope. Murderers. I wants to swap horses, and Pete, from his position between cayuses quick," answered Buck. Billy and Hopalong, was crawling from "There they are. Th' boys just brought rock to rock in an endeavor to get near 'em in. Anything else I can let yu have?” enough to use his Colts, his favorite and “Nope,” shouted Buck as they galloped most effective weapons. Intermittent puffs off. of smoke arising from a point between “Somebody's goin' to get plugged full of Skinny and Buck showed where Lanky holes," murmured the ranch owner as he Smith was improving each shining hour. watched them kicking up the dust in huge There had been no directions given, each clouds. man choosing his own position, yet each After they had forded a tributary of the was of strategic worth. Billy protected Rio Penasco near the Sacramento Moun the horses, Hopalong and Skinny swept tains and had surmounted the opposite the knoll with a plunging fire, and Lanky bank, Hopalong spurred his horse to the and Buck lay in the course the besieged top of a hummock and swept the plain would most likely take if they tried a dash. with Pete's field glasses, which he had bor Off to the east Red barred them from rowed for the occasion, and returned to the creeping down the arroyo, and from where rest, who had kept on without slacking the Pete was he could creep up to within sixty pace. As he took up his former position yards if he chose the right rocks. The he grunted “War-whoops," and unslung ranges varied from four hundred yards for his rifle, an example followed by the others. Buck to sixty for Pete, and the others The ponies were now running at top speed, averaged close to three hundred, which and as they shot over a rise their riders allowed very good shooting on both sides. saw their quarry a mile and a half in ad Hopalong and Skinny moved nearer to vance. One of the Indians looked back each other for companionship, and as the and discharged his rifle in defiance, and it former raised his head to see what the now became a race worthy of the name others were doing he received a graze on -Death fled from Death. The fresher the ear. mounts of the cowboys steadily cut down “Wow!” he yelled, rubbing the tingling the distance, and as the rifles of the pur member. suers began to speak, the hard-pressed Two puffs of smoke floated up from the Indians made for the smaller of two knolls, knoll, and Skinny swore. the plain leading to the larger one being "Where'd he get yu, Fat?” asked Hopa- too heavily strewn with bowlders to permit long. speed. "G'wan, don't get funny, son," replied As the fugitives settled down behind the Skinny rocks that fringed the edge of their eleva Jets of smoke arose from the north and tion a shot from one of them disabled east, where Buck and Red were stationed, Billy's arm, but had no other effect than and Pete was half way to the knoll. So to increase the score to be settled. The far he hadn't been hit as he dodged in and pursuers rode behind a rise and dismount out, and, emboldened by his luck, he made ed, from where, leaving their mounts pro a run of five yards and his sombrero was tected, they scattered out to surround the shot from his head. Another dash and his knoll. empty holster was ripped from its support. Hopalong, true to his curiosity, finally As he crouched behind a rock he heard a turned up on the highest point of the other yell from Hopalong, and saw that interest- knoll, a spur to the range in the west, for he ed individual waving his sombrero to cheer always wanted to see all he could. Skinny, him on. An angry pang! from the knoll due to his fighting instinct, settled one hun caused that enthusiastic rooter to drop for dred yards to the north and on the same safety. spur. Buck lay hidden behind an enor "Locoed son-of-a-gun," complained mous bowlder eight hundred yards to the Pete. “He'll shore git potted.” Then he 76 The Outing Magazine glanced at Billy, who was the center of a rock. From the fuss emanating from several successive spurts of dust. Hopalong's direction Skinny knew that his “How's business, Billy?” he called neighbor had been hit. pleasantly. “Don't yu care, Hoppy. I got th' cuss," "Oh, they'll git me yet,” responded the he said consolingly. "Where'd he git yu?" pessimist. “Yu needn't git anxious. If he asked. that off buck wasn't so green he'd a had "In th' heart, yu pie-faced nuisance. me long ago. Come over here an' corral this cussed "Ya-hoo! Pete! Oh, Pete!" called Hop- bandage, an' gimme some water," snapped along, sticking his head out at one side and the injured man. grinning as the wondering object of his Skinny wormed his way through the hail craned his neck to see what the mat thorny chaparral and bound up the shoul- ter was. der. “Anything else?” he asked. “Huh?" grunted Pete, and then remem “Yes. Shoot that bunch of warts an' bering the distance he shouted, “What's blow that tobacco-eyed Gila to Cheyenne. th' matter?" This here's worse than the time we cleaned "Got any cigarettes?” asked Hopalong. out th' C 80 outfit!” Then he kicked the “Yud-n sheep!” said Pete, and turn dead toad and swore at the sun. ing back to work, he drove a .44 into a “Close yore yap; yore worse than a kid ! yellow moccasin. Anybody'd think yu never got plugged Hopalong began to itch and he saw that afore," said Skinny indignantly. he was near an ant-hill. Then the cactus "I can cuss all I wants," replied Hopa- at his right boomed out mournfully and a long, proving his assertion as he grabbed hole appeared in it. He fired at the smoke his gun and fired at the dead Indian. A and a yell informed him that he had made bullet whined above his head and Skinny a hit. "Go 'way!" he complained as a fired at the smoke. He peeped out and green fly buzzed past his nose. Then he saw that his friends were getting nearer scratched each leg with the foot of the to the knoll. other and squirmed incessantly, kicking "They's closin' in now. We'll soon be out with both feet at once. A warning, gittin' home," he reported. metallic whir-r-r! on his left caused him Hopalong looked out in time to see Buck to yank them in again, and, turning his make a dash for a bowlder that lay ten head quickly, he had the pleasure of lopping yards in front of him, which he reached in off the head of a rattlesnake with his Colt's. safety. Lanky also ran in and Pete added "Glad yu wasn't a copperhead," he ex five more yards to his advance. Buck claimed. “Somebody had ought a shot made another dash, but leaped into the that fool Noah. Dn th' ants!” He air, and, coming down as if from an in- drowned, with a jet of tobacco juice, a Gila tentional high jump, staggered and stum- monster that was staring at him, and took bled for a few paces and then fell flat, a savage delight in its frantic efforts to rolling over and over toward the shelter bury itself. of a split rock, where he lay quiet. A leer- Soon he heard Skinny swear and he sung ing red face peered over the rocks on the out: “What's th’ matter, Skinny? Git knoll, but the whoop of exultation was cut plugged again?" short, for Red's rifle cracked and the war- “Naw, bugs-ain't they h-1?" plaint rior rolled down the steep bank, where ively asked his friend. another shot from the same gun settled “They ain't none over here. . What kind him beyond question. of bugs?” Hopalong choked and, turning his face “Sufferin' Moses, I ain't no bugologist! away, angrily dashed his knuckles into his All kinds!” eyes. “D-n 'em! D-n 'em! They've But Hopalong got it at last. He had got Buck! They've got Buck, d-n 'em! found tobacco and rolled a cigarette and, They've got Buck, Skinny! Good old in reaching for a match, exposed his Buck! They've got him! Jimmy's gone, shoulder to a shot that broke his collar Jo Johnny's plugged and now Buck's gone! bone. Skinny's rifle cracked in reply, and Come on!” he sobbed in a frenzy of ven- the offending brave rolled out from behind geance. “Come on, Skinny! We'll tear Bar 20 Range Yarns 77 their cussed hides into a deeper red than the struggling man and strapped Hopalong they are now! Oh, d-n it, I can't see with his belt to the base of a honey-mes- where's my gun?" He groped for the quite that grew at his side. rifle and fought Skinny when the latter, "Hold still now, an' let that bandage red-eyed but cool, endeavored to restrain alone. Yu allus goes off th' range when him. “Lemme go,.curse yu! Don't yu yu gets plugged," he complained. He cut know they got Buck? Lemme go!" down a cactus and poured the sap over the “Down! Red's got th' skunk. Yu can't wounded man's face, causing him to gurgle do nothin'—they'd drop yu afore yu took and look around. His eyes had a sane look five steps! Red's got him, I tell yu! Do now and Skinny slid off his chest. yu want me to lick yu! We'll pay 'em "Git that-belt loose: I ain't-no cow,” with th' coals of h-1 if you'll keep yore brokenly blazed out the picketed Hopa- head!” exclaimed Skinny, throwing the long. Skinny did so, handed the irate man crazed man heavily. his Colts and returned to his own post, from Musical tones, rising and falling in weird where he fired twice, reporting the shots. octaves, whining pityingly, diabolically; "I'm tryin' to get him on th' glance- sobbing in a fascinating monotone and th’ first one went high an' th other fell slobbering in ragged chords; calling as flat," he explained. they swept over the plain, always calling Hopalong listened eagerly, for this was and exhorting, they mingled in barbaric shooting that he could appreciate. “Lem- discord with the defiant barks of the six me see,” he commanded. Skinny dragged shooters and the inquiring cracks of the him over to a crack and settled down for Winchesters. High up in the air several another try. specks sailed and drifted, more coming "Where is he, Skinny?” asked Hopa- up rapidly from all directions. Buzzards long know well where food can be found. "Behind that second big one. No, over As Hopalong leaned back against a rock on this here side. See that smooth gran- he was hit in the thigh by a ricochet that ite? If I can get her there on th' right spot tore its way out, whirling like a circular he'll shore know it.” He aimed carefully saw, a span above where it entered. The and fired. wound was very nasty, being ripped twice Through Pete's glasses Hopalong saw a the size made by an ordinary shot, and it leaden splotch appear on the rock and he bled profusely. Skinny crawled over and notified the marksman that he was shoot- attended to it, making a tourniquet of his ing high. "Put her on that bump closer neck-kerchief and bandaging it with a strip down,” he suggested. Skinny did so and torn from his shirt. another yell reached their ears. “Yore shore lucky, yu are,” he grumbled “That's a dandy. Yore shore all right, as he made his way back to his post, where yu old cuss," complimented Hopalong, he vented his rancor by emptying the semi elated at the success of the experiment. depleted magazine of his Winchester at the Skinny fired again and a brown arm knoll. flopped out into sight. Another shot Hopalong began to sing and shout and struck it and it jerked as though it were he talked of Jimmy and his childhood, lifeless. interspersing the broken narrative with "He's cashed. See how she jumped? choice selections as sung in the music halls Like a rope,” remarked Skinny with a of Leavenworth and Abilene. He wound grin. The arm lay quiet. up by yelling and struggling, and Skinny Pete had gained his last cover and was had his hands full in holding him. all eyes and Colts. Lanky was also very “Hopalong! Cassidy! Come out of close in and was intently watching one that! Keep quiet-yu'll shore get plugged particular rock. Several shots echoed if yu don't stop that plungin'. For God's from the far side of the knoll and they sake, did yu hear that?" A bullet vi knew that Red was all right. Billy was ciously hissed between them and flattened covering a cluster of rocks that protruded out on a near-by rock; others cut their way above the others and, as they looked, his through the chaparral to the sound of rifle rang out and the last defender leaped falling twigs, and Skinny threw himself on down and disappeared in the chaparral. 78 The Outing Magazine He wore yellow trousers and an old boiled in order to mask the movements of their shirt. venturesome friends, intending, also, to "By-an’-by, by all that's bad!” yelled drive By-and-by toward them so that he Hopalong. "Th' measly coyote! An' would be the one to get picked off as he me a-fillin' his ornery hide with liquor. advanced. Well, they'll have to find him all over Several shots rang out in quick suc- again, now," he complained, astounded by cession on the knoll and the chaparral be- the revelation. He fired into the chapar came agitated. Several more shots sound- ral to express his pugnacious disgust and ed from the depths of the thicket, and a scared out a huge tarantula, which alighted mounted Indian dashed out of the northern on Skinny's chaps, crawling rapidly toward edge and headed in Buck's direction. His the unconscious man's neck. Hopalong's course would take him close to Buck, whom face hardened and he slowly covered the he had seen fall, and would let him escape insect and fired, driving it into the sand, at a point midway between Red and Skin- torn and lifeless. The bullet touched the ny, as Lanky was on the knoll, and the leathern garment and Skinny remonstrat range was very far to allow effective shoot- ed, knowing that Hopalong was in no con ing by these two. dition for fancy shooting. Red saw him leave the chaparral, and in "Huh!” exclaimed Hopalong. “That his haste to reload jammed the cartridge, was a tarantula what I plugged. He was and By-and-by swept on toward tempo- headin' for yore neck," he explained, watch rary safety, with Red dancing in a parox- ing the chaparral with apprehension. ysm of rage, swelling his vocabulary with “Go 'way, was it? Bully for yu!” ex words he had forgotten existed. claimed Skinny, tarantulas being placed at By-and-by, rising to his full height in par with rattlesnakes, and he considered the saddle, turned and wiggled his fingers that he had been saved from a horrible at the frenzied Red and made several other death. “Thought yu said they wasn't no signs that the cowboy was in the humor to bugs over here,” he added in an aggrieved appreciate to the fullest extent. Then he tone. turned and shook his rifle at the marks- “They wasn't none. Yu brought 'em. men on the larger knoll, whose best shots I only had th' main show-Gilas, rattlers kicked up the dust full fifty yards too short. an’ toads,” he replied, and then added, The pony was sweeping toward the reser- “Ain't it cussed hot up here?” vation and friends only fifteen miles away, “She is. Yu won't have no cinch and By-and-by knew that once among the ridin' home with that leg. Yu better take mountains he would be on equal footing, my cayuse-he's busted more in yourn,” at least, with his enemies. As he passed responded Skinny the rock behind which Buck lay sprawled "Yore cayuse is at th’ Cross Bar O, yu on his face, he uttered a piercing whoop wall-eyed pirute.' of triumph and leaned forward on his po- “Shore 'nuff. Funny how a feller for ny's neck. Twenty leaps farther, and the gets sometimes. Lemme alone now, they's spiteful crack of an unerring rifle echoed goin' to git By-an’-by. Pete an' Lanky from where the foreman was painfully sup- has just went in after him." porting himself on his elbows. The pony That was what had occurred. The two swept on in a spurt of nerve-racking speed, impatient punchers had grown tired of but alone. By-and-by shrieked again and waiting, and risked what might easily have crashed heavily to the ground, where he been death in order to hasten matters. rolled inertly and then lay still. Men like The others kept up a rapid fire, directed at Buck are dangerous until their hearts have the far end of the chaparral on the knoll, ceased to beat. WINKLER ASHORE IV.-THE HEATHEN CHINAMAN BY GOUVERNEUR MORRIS ILLUSTRATION BY FREDERIC DORR STEELE W CHEN I sold the its. When the spirits have all departed farm and went they sends out for more. The only person to New York,” present as don't get drunk is the corpse. said Winkler, “I And that would if it weren't dead.' had nearer four “Is it a funeral, Bumble?' I asks. thousand dol “For the corpse,' says Bumble. lars than three. “And who's the corpse this time?' But it is pain "'It's a male baby of mixed parentage,' ful to recollect says Bumble. what I done “And who puts up the liquor?' says I. with it, or rather “'The lifelong friends of the diseased,' what I didn't says Bumble. done. And what "Make a long story short, Bumble,' says I'm goin' to tell 1, ‘and tell me what's what.' you, sir, hap “So he told me, sir, as there were a girl pened before of them parts-meanin' the Bowery-had found out that married a Chink, or Chinaman, sir, and Bumble were been delivered in due time of a male infant. perfidious. We The Chink's name were Ah Chi (you say it was pardoners like a sneeze, sir), and while he were in San to go into the Francisco on business connected with his liquor business, tong, or club, the infant, while asleep in its “The Chink were still in his Bumble and me, bed, is blowed upon by a change of weather corner, smokin'." and when the and dies of bronichal penoima. In the time come there were only one pardoner left absence of Ah Chi, the girl, being Irish, (that were me), and no money to buy the allows to hold a wake, and she hires a dance license or the stock. Bumble were a plaus- hall to have it in, and invites her fambly ible imposture with a smooth face and a and her friends and her friends' friends, clean shirt, and a billycock hat no higher which were the degree in which Bumble in the crown than the lid of a saucepan, and me was related to the corpse. So we which he wore over his left ear so as to liquored up at a couple of saloons and at- expose the shiny black curls over his right. tended. Him and me was hand and glove. “Have you ever been at a prize fight, “One day Bumble says to me, 'Winkie,' sir, when the audience is disagreed with the he says, 'there's goin' to be a rousin’ wake referee's disprision? Wolumes of bellig- in these parts.' inent sounds greeted us on the threshold, “What's a wake, Bumble?' says I, for 1 but mingled with them was the wailin' of were new to society. women who could hold no more. The "A wake, Winkie,' says Bumble, 'is a most of the guests was heavin' and climbin’ gathering together of earnest men and and shoutin' to get at the bar, but them as women to make merry with departing spir- was newly arrived went first to where the 79 80 The Outing Magazine mother were standin', with a handkerchief not feel her, and you'd a swore he were deaf, in one hand and a quart bottle in the other, for he did not hear her. When she had at the head of the casket (which were white howled herself out she fell foamin' and and ribbony and some thumb-marked) to senseless to the floor. Ah Chi never looked; egspress their heartfelt solicitations. She he passed on. He passed the casket with- were a good-lookin' girl, sir, three parts out a look, and he went into a far corner drunk, and sputtering tears at every pour. of the room, and set down. Then he took "While Bumble were egschangin' the out a kind of pipe that had a long fat stem passes of the day, so to speak, with the like a walkin'-stick, and a bowl no bigger pore beriffed woman, I took and looked at than the end of your little finger, and begun the infant in the casket. to smoke. That were the only sign of life “It were very little, sir, and yellow, and he give. its pore little slant eyes was shet tight, and “The guests begun then to make a dret- it had a long upper lip, and that were the ful glamor, and pride themselves with only way it showed the Irish in it. The more whiskey, and say they never seed rest were all Chink — nothin' to show sech heartless unfeelin' behavior, and for whether it were dead or sleepin' or listenin' two cents they'd stamp on his forrin belly to what were goin' on. till he were dead. But Ah Chi never “And where,' Bumble were sayin' to the quivered an eyelash, which now that I mother, ‘is your good man, my dear?' think, he didn't have any to quiver. He “He's on his way home, pore sufferer,' set and he smoked, and his eyes was those says she, wipin' of her streamin' eyes, ‘and of a dead man—they didn't look and they I must bear my sorrers alone.' didn't wink; and his body was as still as "With that she give a dretful lurch, and the infant's in the casket. Bumble steadied her. “Just there, sir, what with the raw “'Sorrer,' he says werry mournful, whiskey I had drunk and the dretful ass- 'sorrer, my dear, wisits us all sooner or foneer in that place, I had to go into a later. Sorrer has wisited Winkie and me, back room. I stayed out nearly half an and with your leave we'll ask to be eg hour, and while I hung out of the winder, scused whiles we steps over to the bar and the shouts and howls in the room I had left drowns it.' died down to nothin', and you'd have said “By the time we had fought our way to the buildin' were empty. the bar, sir, all of the girl's fambly and “Then I went back resolved to drink no many of the invited guests was lyin' down. more. The room looked like a shamble, The room were misty with tabacker smoke sir; for men and women lay in heaps, and and there was halus about the gas jets, for the floor were afloot with whiskey. Only the afternoon were dark. It were then one man were on his feet. He were a that Ah Chi, the father of the dead infant, policeman, sir, off duty, and he walked up returned suttenly from his travels. There and down very solemn, swingin' his club, were a lull for a minut in the storm of and if he saw a man or a woman give a sign lambent rations and everybody that could of life he stopped werry solemn and adjured see looked at him, and them as couldn't them to do their duty and clubbed them see turned their heads and tried to look. over the head. His back were turned Egsept that his eyes was open, you couldn't when I come in, and by the time he had have said, sir, if he were dead or sleepin'. turned round, I were scrunched against the He crossed the room like a yeller ghost, wall, as dead to look at as the next man. lookin' neither to right nor to left. When The Chink were still in his corner, smokin'. he were three parts acrost the mother He hadn't moved a muscle. Pretty soon seed him, and with a dretful howl she run the policeman went and stood in front of and threw her arms about his long yaller the Chink, swayin' and shakin' his club. neck. But the Chink never moved nor saw. He “He stood still while she handled him, sat and smoked. That were all. Then still as one of them well-dressed figgers in the policeman fetched a dretful sigh and clothes-store winders. You'd a swore he fell full length on his back. I were afraid were blind, for he did not see her, and you'd he would come to life again, and so I didn't a swore he were made of wood, for he did move, sir, but I watched the Chink. And Winkler Ashore 81 1 I see his eyes begin to dart this way and that he had out his pipe and smoked and that, the way a rat's would if he were in the smoked. middle of a room and cats was guardin' the “Bumble were the last to lay down. He egsits. I didn't see what he done with his fetched a parting kick at the Chink, which pipe, sir. It were in his hand one minut missed by two foot and threw Bumble flat and the next it were nowhere, and he were on his back. In which persition he slept. on his feet stealin' toward the casket. He “I wanted to sleep, sir, but I couldn't. were alive now in every inch, and his eyes If I closed my eyes I'd see the Chink dippin' never rested from dartin' till he were along- his yeller hands into the casket and horrors side the casket. I can't say why, sir, but would shake me. I had no guess as to what it were horrible to see him come to life and he wanted to do with the infant, but I dart with his eyes, and when he suttenly knowed the stampin' and kickin' were less dipped his skinny yeller hands into the cas than he deserved for touchin' of it. ket and hove the dead infant out, I fetched "I watched him for a long time, but he a screech. didn't make a move-jest sat and smoked “He dropped the infant so that it were like a dead man; but after maybe an hour half in and half out of the casket, and his pipe disappeared and he begun to dart slipped for his corner quick and quiet, the his eyes this way and that. Then, all of a way a whip-lash travels on a horse's back. sutten, he picked up an empty bottle and But he weren't quick enough. For before slung it crashin' against the wall. The I knowed how it happened there was a noise would have wakened the dead. But swarm of howlin' men and women over nobody moved hand or foot. him, stampin' and kickin. Foremost of "And with that the Chink must of been them were Bumble, and his expestations satisfied that there were no shammin', for he was dretful to hear. They stamped and picked himself up, dartin' with his eyes, and kicked that Chink till they was sick and slipped back to the casket. I didn't yell tired, and one by one they left off and this time when he took the infant in his staggered to the bar or lay down where they yeller hands, but just watched. And what was. The Chink were feelin' pretty sick, I do you think he did, sir? He held the baby guess, but he picked himself up and set against his breast, sir, and rocked with it, back in his corner like a dead man, only and burst into a storm of weepin’.” WIELNET FITTING OUT OUT FOR THE SEASON BY A. J. KENEALY PHOTOGRAPHS BY BYRON T THE young and ardent yachtsman's formal opening of the sport. This is all fancies should turn in the spring- very well so far as the opening of the big time to thoughts of his saucy craft. yacht clubs and the going into commission I am not such a churl as to suggest that he of the larger steam yachts and the great should give his lady-love the cold shoulder cruising schooners, cutters and yawls are and neglect her altogether. It has, how concerned. It is different, however, with ever, been my experience that the Yankee the small fry, the modest craft in which girl has sufficient gumption and nous to her owner takes his pleasure single-handed, look after herself in the way of fitting out or ventures out in the congenial company for the summer season; while a boat, if left of a trusty chum or two on a week-end to her own devices, acquires dry rot and cruise. other kinds of rot and goes to the dogs In fitting out a small craft for the sea- generally. That is, unless she has the kind son's work much will depend upon the care and considerate care of her owner. The with which she was laid up for the winter. yachting Cræsus, he with the coffers of gold The boat, at the end of the season, should and steel-clad vaults plethoric with bonds have been hauled out and so protected as and shares of fabulous value, may depend to keep rain or snow from penetrating her upon the vicarious care of the men on his interior, while at the same time given ade- payroll for the condition of his yacht when quate ventilation to keep her sweet and the fashionable time for the sport comes clean and to guard against the danger of round. But the average dweller on the dry rot-a most insidious disease which at- earth is compelled by the stringency of his tacks the stoutest timbers and causes them cash box or the emptiness of his purse to to crumble like punk. Dry rot is caused exercise wide-awake caution and economy by want of ventilation. Many yachts by in the adjustment of his expenses. this fault have to be rebuilt or exten- Personally, I take great delight in potter- sively repaired. Like mildew in sails, dry ing about a boat in the early spring time, rot can be prevented only by increasing repairing where needed alow and aloft, so vigilance combined with perfect ventila- that when she goes into commission I know tion. There is no preparation in existence of my own knowledge that in hull and in that will render wood impervious to injury rigging she is sound and fit and ready to from dry rot. When once it attacks tim- withstand the best as well as the worst that ber the affected part must be cut out and she may encounter in the way of weather. renewed. If an inch of the decayed wood It is gratifying to an old sailor to realize is left it will spread like gangrene to the that the yachtsman of North America, new timber. Thus, when buying a second- fresh water and salt, is becoming every hand boat, it is well to have her examined year more enthusiastic in his devotion to by an expert to see whether she is affected his favorite sport. This is proved by his by dry rot. If so, she is a boat that pru- ever-growing tendency to fit his craft out dence recommends a purchaser to beware early and lay her up later than was his of and shun. Should your craft unfortu- custom a few years ago. Fashion has de nately have contracted this disease, I creed that Memorial Day should mark the recommend heroic measures. Replace the 82 Scraping the mast, preparatory to a fresh coat of varnish. Take everything out of her that is movable. affected parts with sound wood, and in If there is a stove in the cabin start a fire future take care that proper ventilation in it and let it get good and hot, while at shall prevent a recurrence of the ailment. the same time the windsail is doing its Let us hope, however, that due care has healthful work of drying and ventilating. prevented the inroad of dry rot into any Then rig the pump if you have one, if not part of your boat's hull. In order to over at any rate free your craft from water. haul her thoroughly she should be hauled When the pump “sucks” use small sponges out high and dry on the beach, and be so and squeegees until the boat is thoroughly well supported by shores under the bilges dry. Do not be in too great a hurry to that she rests as nearly as possible on an begin the work of painting, for a coat of even keel—this to avoid strains. Rig a paint has a habit of peeling off and blister- windsail and trim it so that a fresh current ing unless the surface to which it is applied of air circulates through the craft, opening is perfectly dry and smooth at the time of hatches, skylights and portholes to aid in application. this prime requisite of fitting out. Take Should expense be not a matter of prime everything out of her that comes under the importance enamel paint is to be recom- classification of a movable. Expose every mended for interior work. It dries hard, article to fresh air and sunlight. Then looks well and is easily cleaned. A capital clean the boat thoroughly outside and in substitute for enamel paint may be found side, being lavish with elbow grease fore in white lead or white zinc mixed to a and aft as well as athwartships. Hot water proper consistency with equal parts of raw and good soap, with a little soda, will be linseed oil and spar varnish, with a dash found necessary to take the grime off, and of blue paint to take off the ghastly tint every part of the interior should be sub of the white lead or zinc as it comes crude jected to a good and hard scrub. Fresh from the can. Strain the paint through water should be used with a lavish hand in mosquito netting. Be careful not to have this cleansing operation, and all rough spots your paint too thick nor too thin and to smoothed off with pumice stone so as to apply it with common sense and discre- leave a proper surface for the new paint. tion, so that when it dries you may not be r PEEN ASPA See that every repair is done thoroughly. ashamed to look it in the face. Paint al varnish. It is always well to place the ways with the grain of the wood, taking varnish can in a bucket of hot water to only a small quantity on your brush at a take the chill off before using it. The time, laying it on smoothly, not in daubs, or warmth makes it more penetrative and it patches. Stir every few minutes. A man dries harder and quicker. with the average amount of gumption will While on this topic let me warn the pick up more about painting from watching inexperienced from diluting varnish with a painter at work for a few minutes than linseed oil, turpentine, kerosene or any by reading whole treatises on the subject other liquid. Never leave the varnish can by sea lawyers and such. This too without in a cold cellar, and do your varnishing if undergoing the risk of being bored to death. possible on a dry warm day with a north- One thing, however, should be insisted on. west breeze blowing. If you varnish in Lay the paint on the wood the right side damp weather in a southerly wind and up, and apply it with discretion and evenly. moist atmosphere the result may be dis- Two coats are, as a rule, necessary. Do appointing, and the varnish may dry with not apply the second coat until the first is a bluish scum on its surface like the bloom thoroughly dry and has begun to harden. on a ripe plum, marring the lustrous beauty The second coat should be so put on as to of the finished work and impairing the conceal any imperfections in the first coat, quality of the varnish as a preservative. as evident from too glaring hairstrokes As a general axiom, do not paint or varnish showing athwartships instead of fore-and- your boat in damp weather. aft. As soon as the paint and varnish of the When the interior paint work has had interior are dry you can tackle the out- its second coat and is dry there may per side of the boat. White is the fashionable haps remain certain parts of the wood in tint nowadays from the water line up to natural finish. These should have had the gunwale or rail. Use pumice stone dili- old varnish removed by scraping and sand- gently, and take care that the surface you papering until perfectly smooth and bright. are about to paint is perfectly clean and Then they should be coated with spar smooth and dry before you begin work. 86 The Outing Magazine Unless these conditions are closely observed followed: Take one pound of red lead, the result will be the reverse of satisfactory. four ounces of copper bronze powder, the Fresh water should in every case be used same weights of arsenic, chrome yellow and to remove incrustations of salt from every paris blue, one pint of liquid dryers, one part of a boat which it is intended to var pint of boiled linseed oil and one pint of nish or cover with paint or oil finish. The spar varnish. Mix thoroughly. If too last-named preparation I do not recom thick, add spar varnish or oil until of the mend for outside work. In fact, where proper consistency to flow freely from the wood is to keep its natural tint on any kind brush. Strain through two layers of mos- of floating craft I recommend spar varnish quito wire-netting and apply. It will dry undiluted, but warmed before it is applied. a fine copper color and is as good as The usual brand of oil finish is not at all any high-priced paint manufactured, so far fitted for any kind of marine work. Salt as appearance, smoothness and durability air affects it and it never seems to dry hard are concerned. Some owners paint the with a luster on it, such as is the case with outside of their yachts black. A reliable first-class brands of spar varnish. mixture follows: To six pounds of best If cotton or oakum is found protruding black paint add one pound of dark blue from the seams, replace it with calking iron paint and half a pint of liquid dryers. Mix and mallet, using these tools with discre with equal quantities of raw and boiled lin- tion, not driving in the cotton or oakum seed oil until of the proper consistency. too hard, but only just hard enough to Strain carefully and add one pint of spar keep the seams watertight. I would not varnish. This is a durable glossy paint counsel the amateur to pay the seams after which will give satisfaction. It should be calking either with pitch or marine glue. remembered that white paint is superior The result might not be altogether satisfac to black paint for the hot weather of these tory. A shipwright's hand is needed for a latitudes, and that a craft painted white deft finish, and as a general rule the am is much cooler on a hot day than a black ateur is not a success with either calk- That is why the craft engaged in ing iron or pitch ladle. Each art requires the West India trade are generally painted the master touch of the skilled artificer. white; also, black paint has a habit of blis- So let the cobbler stick to his last and the tering if exposed to a hot sun while being cook to the foresheet! But though calk applied. You should therefore take advan- ing iron and pitch ladle may be too deep tage of any possible shade that may be for the ordinary amateur, the scraping of available so that the fierce rays of the sun the pitch from the seams and the proper may not strike the surface while the process smoothing of the outside of the hull are of painting is under way. Do not apply a tasks that the ordinary specimen of the second coat until the first coat is dry and genus homo can tackle and execute with set. a moderate degree of success and efficacy If the craft is of small size unstep the if he is gifted with no more than the av mast, place it on trestles or other conven- erage number of thumbs on either hand. ient supports, and after stripping it clear If, however, all his fingers happen to be of rigging scrape it bright, then sandpaper thumbs, he should hire shipwrights and well, and when perfectly smooth give it a painters to do the work for him, and al coat of spar varnish applied with the chill ways get estimates of cost before starting taken off. All cracks before varnishing them in on the work. By all means give should be filled with marine glue. Treat a wide berth to the mechanic who is un the gaff and boom in a similar fashion. willing to contract for a specific sum to When the varnish on the spars is dry and repair or paint a boat. hard, prepare the rigging for setting up. For painting a yacht's hull below the See that the eyes that go over the mast- water line there are several excellent com head are sound so far as chafes are con- positions in the market, all claiming to be cerned. If repairs are necessary, sew can- antifouling and weed proof. If you do not vas over the eyes or serve them over with care to try any prepared mixture, patented marline or spunyarn as preferred. Either or otherwise, but prefer to mix your own method is good, the object being to prevent composition, the following recipe may be injury to the wire strands through chafing. Fitting Out for the Season 87 A little lead- assistance in colored paint this impor- should be ap- tant part of plied to the his craft's wire before equipment. sewing canvas Bending over the eye sails is the or serving it, next process. —this to keep The careful water from sea man al- lodging and ways makes rusting the sure that his stay. The sails are thor- starboard oughly dry be- shroud goes fore being over the mast- placed in win- head first, then ter storage, the port one, and that the and last the place where foresta y. they are stor- With your ed is free standing rig- from damp. If ging thus in these salutary position and precautions snugly fitted, are neglected you may step mildew is cer- the mast and tain to attack set up the the canvas, rigging, keep- spoiling its ap- ing the spar pearance and perpendicular inducing de- with no rake cay. Should either Hauling out. way. mildew be After the present do not shrouds are set up the forestay should apply chemicals, either acid or caustic. be set taut. Wire rope is now used for Scrub the sail on both sides with good yel- the standing rigging of all craft, no mat low soap and fresh cold water, and then allow ter how small, and it is far superior to it to dry and bleach in the sun. Remem- hempen cordage. It is also largely em ber that strong chemicals, while they may ployed for running rigging, a brand of what take out mildew stains, are sure to rot the is termed “flexible" wire being used for duck and are thus to be avoided. After throat and peak halyards of racing craft. the sails are in proper condition for bend- This variety is nearly as pliable as new ing, all holes repaired and chafes in the bolt hemp rope of the same tensile strength. ropes remedied and stains eradicated, reeve It is much lighter in weight than hemp or the throat and peak halyards and bend the Manila. It cannot be belayed to a cleat mainsail. Do not haul the head or the foot or a belaying pin. Therefore a sufficient out too taut at first, especially if the sail is length of Manila rope is spliced to the new. The sit of even a well-cut sail is often hauling end of the wire to insure its re ruined by howsing too hard on the head maining fast after once belayed. This when bending it to the gaff, or the foot when splice should not be attempted by a green bending to the jackstay on the boom. Just horn. It is most difficult to make a neat hand taut is the proper tension. Avoid job of it, and many professional riggers the use of a tackle to stretch the head or hesitate to tackle the task. I should coun foot before the sail is bent to gaff or boom. sel the green hand not to make experiments And when you hoist the sail for the first with wire rigging, but to secure competent time don't “sweat up" either throat or peak Oiling the blocks. " Calking the seams. 90 The Outing Magazine halyards too tautly. A warm breeze is the sunrise next morning scrub well with best sail stretcher known, and a cruise on a brushes and sand until every stain of dirt, warm afternoon in a moderate breeze will grease and varnish is removed. Flush with be better to trim a sail into shape than plenty of water, and take care that every pulling and lugging on it with a watch spot is washed off the outside of the boat. tackle or other purchase. Do not go at a The deck should, when dry, be white as a new sail like a bull at a gate. Be gentle hound's tooth, and may be varnished or not in your met hods, and your canvas will do as the owner prefers. If to be varnished credit to you instead of being an eyesore use only spar varnish, rejecting every sub- and a disgrace. Remember that your boat stitute no matter how temptingly recom- will never do justice to herself with a bag mended, applying the coat with the chill gy mainsail. Bear in mind also that nine taken off either by standing the can in the times out of ten a baggy mainsail is due sun or in a bucket of hot water. I suppose to too much stretching at head, foot, hoist it is needless to urge that the deck must and afterleech when first bent. This is a be carefully swept of dust before varnishing “wrinkle” that should not be disregarded. is begun, using a fine hair broom or even a Do not have halyards too big to render feather duster. What is worth doing is through the sheaves of the blocks. Manila worth doing well, and a dusty deck will rope swells much when wet with rain, fre spoil the appearance of the most lustrous quently to such an extent that the rope varnish. Once more let me warn the tyro jams in the sheave and you cannot get the against applying varnish to a wet or damp sail down. In a stiff breeze this is always deck. an annoyance and sometimes a peril. See The cost of the materials necessary for that the blocks for the throat and peak fitting out a boat is moderate. It is skilled halyards are fitted with patent sheaves and labor that is expensive. Yet if you think are in thorough working order before you that you are not competent to do the work reeve the halyards. yourself I should not advise you to under- When your running rigging is rove and take the task. Call in the aid of the pro- your sails bent and furled with the covers fessional boat painter and rigger. Explain on and made fast, the deck should receive to him exactly what you want done, the a thorough cleansing. In all probability number of coats of paint inside and outside, there will be more or less spotting by paint the kind of varnish to be used and so forth. on the planks, and the varnish applied last Let him give you an estimate in writing. autumn when your craft was laid up for If the price is satisfactory let him go ahead the winter must be removed. A solution of -promptly. And so soon as the work is American potash-five pounds to a gallon done to your pleasure, hand him his check. of rain water, boiled until the potash is dis Don't keep him waiting too long for his solved should be allowed to cool. With money. The laborer is worthy of his hire, a mop apply to the deck at sundown, taking and there is no good excuse for withholding care that every plank is treated. Before from a man that which he has earned. - _ HY.S.WATSON Drawing by Hy. S. Watson. The horse trade-willing to be tempted. "lands THE WHOLE STORY BY EDWARD MARSHALL WAS a misanthrope as I stood upon the Later, as we ate, he told me how to fish bank of the creek. In the first place, those waters, and told me well, as I after- the fish would not bite. In the second ward found out. At supper time—for he place, I had just discovered that I had been remained with me for the balance of the given a perforated dollar when I had paid day—he told me how to cook my victims for my railway ticket. But my bitter re nicely. The train by which I was to return flections were interrupted by a pleasant cityward was not due until near midnight; voice coming from behind a bunch of alders. so (while he directed me) I built a rousing "I hope, sir,” said the voice, “that I do camp fire, and stretched myself upon a not disturb your fishing.” bed of soft, dry leaves beside it. He had I looked up quickly and saw a face peer aroused my curiosity, and I questioned him ing at me through the gray-green leaves. as we smoked my very good cigars. “Oh, no,” said I. “There is no work hereabouts at my He came from behind his verdant screen trade," he replied. and I observed that, although his face was “No?" said I, inquiringly. plainly that of a genial man, it was quite “No,” said he. "No, indeed. Times as plainly that of a hungry man. Geniality are hard and so no one needs my services. and hunger do not harmonize. The fish I am in something of a hole myself, and, were not likely to show greater eagerness while that is my profession, -" until the sun had dropped a bit to west “While what is your profession?" I inter- ward. I had more luncheon in my basket rupted to inquire. than I could eat alone. I liked company. "I am a hole digger,” he replied, and as “Won't you join me in a little noon-day he spoke his eyes grew dreamy. "This bite?” I asked. section seems to be sufficiently supplied. - 92 The Whole Story 93 by—" so. > Everybody hereabouts already has a hole, had his water. That post-hole made a and is, from what I learn, occupying it. It bang-up well. I had been swindled out of is a poverty-stricken section, this year. fourteen-fifty!" “Ha!” I laughed heartily. “But,” said I, not quite following his “That is the reason why I am a single tale, “you don't mean to tell me that man, and, therefore, have no one to share he had changed the location of that hole and lighten this sad poverty of mine,” said he. “That and the fact that I hate puns.” “Precisely," he interrupted. “Quite “What have puns to do with it?" I asked. "It would sound either like a pun or I smoked, being incapable of speech just talking shop for me to ask a maid to join then. me in the bonds of hole-y matrimony, don't “This is a hard country for a poor man, you see?” said he. he at length continued, “but that was the “Ha!” I laughed again, this time not so meanest trick but one that I ever had heartily. played on me." “But the fact that every one in this sec “Tell me,” I said earnestly. tion is in a financial hole is not a merry “Another farmer,” he replied, “engaged jest,” said he, quite seriously, “else I should me to dig seven post-holes. I did them in not have been so overjoyed to see in you one day, for at that time I was in need of a chance for two free meals. Not,” he money and worked hard. After I had fin- added hastily, “that I have not had much ished he called me in to supper. I ate quite pleasure from your mere society, but can alone and thought nothing of that, but when, dor compels me to admit that food was having finished, I went out again, I found what I needed and appreciated most. We how mean he had been.” are made that way-carnal, carnal, carnal. "What had he done?” I asked, deeply We cannot help it. And to continue con interested. cerning the depression in my line of work, “He called me over to the spot where I even when I can get a job the hard times had been working,” said my new friend, in make my employer much more particular an injured voice, "and, pointing to the than he would be in comfortable seasons, ground, said crossly: thus cutting down the profit. Also, some "Well, when you goin' to begin work on times, this money market stringency them there holes--them seven post-holes?' or something else-makes men who hire "Why-'I began, and started to point me quite unscrupulous. Recently, for in out to him that I had finished up the job, stance, I asked a man for work. At first but stopped when I saw that every one of he considered the digging of a well, but my them was gone. charge for that is fifteen dollars, while I "I was horribly puzzled. I wondered if will dig a post-hole for fifty cents. He told I could be going mad, and all sorts of things me to dig a post-hole. Being grateful to like that. Of course, there was nothing him for giving me employment of whatever for it except for me to dig them all again. kind I dug a splendid post-hole, wide and Afterward I found out all the details of deep. It was a lulu. He came and looked the scurvy trick which he had played on me. With his son-in-law's help those holes "Why,' said he, 'you've done just as had been taken up and carried to a pasture much work on it as if it had been a well. at some distance. Later they used them Pity it's so dry here. Over at the hilltop in building a wire fence. By this strategy you'd have struck water at that depth.' they obtained two sets for one small pay- “He paid me the fifty cents and told me ment. It was cruel!” that I might spend the night out in his He paused. I could not have spoken barn. About two a.m. I heard a noise as had I wished, and, anyway, I did not feel of oxen pulling heavily, but was weary and like talking at the moment. slept in spite of it. In the morning I found "It is a scurvy trick to steal a poor, how the man had cheated me.” hard-working artisan's new post-holes!" "How?" I inquired. he exclaimed at length. “He had pulled the post-hole to the hill "It is, indeed," said I, and swallowed top with his ox team. Of course, then he hard, for his tale was difficult to swallow. at it. 94 The Outing Magazine Again we smoked in silence for a time. that whether the hole was there or not, "It had been dreadfully hot, too, that it had become his property after I had day,” he said, by and by. “I remember finished digging it and had been his to that in order to avoid sunstroke I had had watch. He refused point-blank to pay to begin at the bottom of those holes and me, however, and this made me so angry work up. It had made the job much that I refused to dig another hole for him. harder, and, therefore, it made his act in I took payment for the remaining holes cheating me much meaner. To begin at and started off, determined that I would the bottom and work up is much the most find the missing hole and bring it back to difficult way there is of digging post him. I was resolved that he should pay holes.” for that particular hole, even if it should I blinked at him, somewhat dazzled by turn out that its journey in the breeze had the glitter of this new idea. damaged it a little. It was wretched judg- "And even after I had dug a second ment on my part.” set,” he went on, “that farmer was not “Did-did you ever find the hole?" I satisfied. I made an error in one measure thickly asked. ment and dug that hole too deep. He “Oh, yes,” said he, “but at a great dis- made me pull it up and saw it off. He tance from the place where I had dug it. would not let me take the surplus from You see, empty holes are very light and can the top, although the upper end would be carried by the merest zephyr, once they have been much more easily accessible are lifted into air. The wind had wafted than the bottom was. He made me pull this one away across the county line, and, the whole hole up and saw the bottom as ill luck would have it, had finally lodged off.” it in the street before the residence of the I started to make comment, for I felt county judge. On starting for the court- grievously confused, but he interrupted house in the morning he had stepped into me. it and received a compound fracture of the “And then,” said he, “in my excite left leg below the knee. It was just after ment I made another error. In the re- he had been pulled out-a most unfortu- insertion of the hole I got it wrong end to, nate moment-when I appeared to claim and was thus unable to insert the post. the hole. The judge had me placed in cus- The bottom of the hole (now uppermost) tody for owning dangerous vacancies, and of course was closed, you know. It took ordered me and my property to be taken me quite an hour to rectify this error and into court.” get the hole up-ended in the ground." “What happened then?” I asked. “You turned it?" I timidly inquired. “I would have been convicted and fined He nodded. heavily, no doubt,” the stranger answered "There was nothing else to do,” said he. gravely, “had I not had a happy thought, "I turned it; but I was annoyed and care just in the nick of time. It really was a less, and this brought me another piece of clever ruse. Nimbly I climbed into the miserable fortune. I forgot to anchor it. hole and then they could not find me.” III luck pursued me that day!" "I should have thought,” said I, after I maintained a stern, impassive silence. I had somewhat recovered from the pun, “I had begged the privilege of sleeping which, to do justice to him, I must say in his barn again that night,” he continued, was, I believe, inadvertent, "that they "for the extra work had wearied me and would have seen the hole and looked there I had finished late, although I had neg- lected to anchor that last hole. Midnight “Ah,” my new friend said, quite slyly, had come when, waking suddenly, I thought “I had thought of that, and, in order to of this, but, foolishly, I did not go out at avoid it, had quickly pulled the hole in once and rectify my error. I thought I after me. It was an old trick. Similar could do it in the morning. But in the strategies are frequently mentioned in the night a high wind rose and blew that annals of our grandfathers.” loose hole quite away. When I learned of Again he paused, but I could do nothing this I was utterly disgusted. I demanded to fill the conversational gap. At times payment before I left the premises, saying articulation is very difficult for me, and for you.” The Whole Story 95 this was such a time. He went on with I did not stop to think about those caves his reminiscences. and the effect which they might have had “I once had a hole which kept me warm upon the firmness of the bottom of that all winter,” he remarked. hole. I had scarcely done a single pas seul “Yes?” said I. upon my lofty perch when the thin sub- “And not only that,” said he, “but it stance broke beneath me. I had danced furnished me employment for a time, be the bottom out-or, rather, in-and col- sides. Quite remunerative, too. I went lapse ensued. This spoiled the hole. My on the stage with it in vaudeville.” property was gone. Escaped the sunshine “Indeed?” said I. - lost the profits of the show, alas!" "I had spent the previous winter in the “You- -you were not injured by the South," he continued pleasantly, "where fall?" I asked, quite timidly. the sun shines bright on my old Ken "Fall?" said he, inquiringly. “There you know the rest of it-even in January. was no fall, although the mishap spoiled I got into a dreadful hole, dug for me by the hole entirely. How could there be a untoward circumstances. But a thought fall? Have I not told you that the hole occurred to me which helped me out of it, was upside down when I broke through? and afterward I was not so foolish as to Who ever heard of anybody falling from throw away the hole. So, having it on the bottom to the top of any hole? It can- hand, I filled it up with bright Kentucky not be done. Commit that fact to memory sunshine and took it northward. As an if you have not thought of it before. It exhibition, with a small act or so in ad may save bruises. When you see that you dition-I am very clever at a buck and are close upon a tumble reach forward, grab wing, and can even cut a pigeon wing the hole that threatens quickly, and turn when I am feeling well-it was popular. A it wrong end up. Then you will merely hole full of real Kentucky sunshine was a stub your toe on or run against it. You novelty in Minnesota and in both Dakotas can't fall into it. But you must be quick." in the winter. I made money. Besides, There was an impressive silence as I through keeping close to my exhibit, I pondered deeply over this. never felt a chill all winter, although it was "I wholly spoiled that hole by my fool- a bitter, bitter season. I really kept al ish work that night,” he finally continued. most too warm, later on, for I had to stay “But, alas! I now am in another and one a little more than close to it. The man even less agreeable. It may be that I ap- ager skipped off with the cash and I was pear to you to be above ground. I am, in it! Still, everything would have gone really, in a dickens of a hole this minute." all right, perhaps, until the spring time if, I spoke diffidently, asking: in my efforts to carry the show on alone, “Would—would a dollar help you to I had not tried to do too much, one night. climb out?" “What reckless folly was it that you "I think that it might be of some as- yielded to?” I asked. sistance,” he replied. “Silver dollars are “Well, you see, he answered, “that so round, you know. Some call them cart- hole originally came from 'way down in wheels, and one rigs pulleys upon wheels old Kentucky, as I've told you. Ken to pull out coal from mines, and mines are tucky is astonishingly under-run by caves. holes. Is it a silver dollar?” The Mammoth Cave, you know, is there, I nodded. and there are countless minor caverns, “Then I might use it as a part of the some of them unexplored and not denoted necessary hoisting apparatus," he informed on the maps. I must have been above a cave of some sort when I first obtained I held it out to him. He took it hur- this hole, for the bottom proved to be riedly. He went his way. I have never astonishingly thin. As I have told you, seen him since. The dollar was the one I tried to do too much one night. I re which had been given to me by that station versed the hole, and, while it stood upside agent. I have often wondered what my down upon the stage, I climbed it and be strange friend did with the hole which he gan to dance upon the wrong side of its must have found was in it when he tried to floor-if you know what I mean by that. spend it. me. A DAY’S WORK IN THE MOUNTED POLICE BY LAWRENCE MOTT AN NY complaints?" round the farm, y' know!" and they both One of the mounted policemen chuckled. slid wearily from his saddle as he Bert Saunders was an old member of spoke. the N. W. M. P.* The years had grown on A November sky spread the cold yellow his broad back in the service, and, as he hues of a stormy sunset over the endless said, “I hain't no good for nawthin' else.” prairies, and a chill, strong wind mourned With gray hair and deep-set eyes that its desolate way through the horses' tails, were hardly to be seen behind fierce, bushy whistling around the corners of the squat eyebrows, Saunders showed that if age ter's shed with a doleful whine that rose brings experience, he must have his full and fell monotonously. share of it. The other was a young man; A woman had come to the low door in tall, well built, a good horseman, with a answer to their halloo and the two men "good eye,” but old Saunders would quiet- looked at her disconsolately. She rubbed ly suggest that “he was a leetle too quick.” her work-worn hands together nervously. “Th' widder seems to hev sum'n on her "No ther hain't, leastways,” she hesi- mind,” Bert remarked as they went back tated and looked keenly past the horses, to the house, “but 'tain't nawthin’excitin', seeking to pierce the winter's gloom that l'll bet; mabbe she's lost a calf, or mabbe lay heavy over the bare landscape, “least ol Jim got some whiskey som'ere.” ways, none that I can tell on,” she con “Set ye down, boys, set right down near, tinued, with a catch in her voice. “Jim till I gets ye some vittles.” The old wom- ain't ter hum; ye'd best stay the night; an hurried about, pottering among the it's er goin' ter snow, I guess, by the kitchen implements, or rather makeshifts feelin'. Yer kin stable yer critters down for them, and rattling vigorously in a huge in th' shed an’ welcome.” tin box that served as tea-bag, salt cellar, “I reckon we'd better, Fred; it's a long meat holder and bread basket. thirty mile to old Ned Blake's, and I think “Queer old place,” Fred muttered, look- snow's a-comin,' too.” ing about as they stood by the fire. The other nodded and, still mounted, “Yes,” Saunders answered in a whisper, walked his horse toward the shed. The "an'ther used to be some queer doin's too, first speaker followed, leading his animal. when she” he jerked his thumb toward The long, rickety building was down in a the kitchen-“was a young 'oman.” little roll of the prairie, and as the two ap The inside of the main room was dark proached it a forlorn old hen cackled harsh and dingy with age and dirt. A huge ly, and a pig, disturbed by the sound of four-poster bed stood in one corner, the the horses' feet, grunted and rustled in blankets on it rolled up in a tangled heap, the straw. and the shabby, ragged pillows had evi- “Who's the old gal, Bert?" Fred asked, dently been used as footstools. Old cow- as he undid his girths, the horse playfully hide boots stuck out from beneath the bed, nibbling his shoulder. and overalls with a strange assortment of “Sho, forgot ye warn't over this route clothes dangled ungracefully from pegs all yet; she's widder Gleeson; a feller called about. The candles spluttered and flick- Jim Stephens lives yere, kinder helps * Northwest Mounted Police. 96 A Day's Work in the Mounted Police 97 an- ered, giving out but faint, weak rays of something was wrong, and Fred did know light that scarce illumined the long, narrow the old fellow well, having made many room. a ride and route with him; therefore he “Thar, ye kin eat!” Widow Gleeson leaned forward eagerly. drew up the dangerously tottering stools, Saunders turned the boot over and over. and seated herself on the edge of the bed "How long's Jim had these yer boots?” while the two men began their supper. For “They bain't hisn!” the woman some minutes nothing was to be heard but swered quickly. the metallic clinking of the tinware, and “Oh, ho! so they ain't Jim's? Did ye the gurgling sips Saunders took of the hot ever see 'em afore?” tea. “Um-mm,” and a strong negative "I'm den glad we're in here, instead shake of her head. of fightin' our way to Blake's; listen to "Looks like blood, don't it, Bert?” that,” Fred said then. “Looks like blood an'es blood.” "Gosh, yes!" Saunders put the boot down. “We'll The threatened snow had come outside, look round a mite, Widder.” brought by a gale of wind. The particles With stolid eyes the woman watched were hard frozen and battered viciously in them searching here and there, peering their million numbers against the walls, into dark corners, shaking old baggings while the wind screamed fitfully. When while the dust rose in clouds. supper was over the men got out their pipes "Here's something!” Fred called, and and smoked by the crackling fire, whose held up a red-stained block of wood that flames shot up the flue in straight, roaring he had found under the mess of plow lines, drawn by the fierce draught. chains and old metal. “No complaints, d'ye say, Widder?” The older man examined it as carefully Bert asked slowly, rubbing the tobacco as he had the boot, and again whistled fine between his palms. She fidgeted ner sharply to himself; the block he put by vously, then hesitated again, seemingly the boot. listening for something. “Look furder, Fred." They hunted and “Nawthin' that I can tell on, but Jim prodded in silence, then Saunders turned he hain't been good ter me lately; hit me on his heel. with th' axe handle two weeks 'go, an' "Looky here, Widder, what you got 'gin cussed som'n arful becos I didn't have no Jim?" whiskey; ye boys know thet since ye've The old woman seemed to shrivel and ben so sharp a-watchin' them fellers 'cross her eyes grew large and black. the line it's purty hard to get whiskey, “Nawthen' 'cept he's cross an’ I'm sick ain't it, now?" she finished appealingly. o'him," she answered shortly. “Yes, Widder, we're lookin' arter 'em "H’m," and they searched again. purty close now, sure," and Saunders “When's Jim go 'way?” laughed; "it's tol’able hard ter run th’ "Three days ago, jus' afore the last liquor over into Canady now! Wall, what snow.' about Jim? What's he done?” The chance "Where'd he go?” question told, and the old woman was “Dunno; said as he was goin' ter Rick- startled. son's, but he allus wuz a liar.” "How d'ye know?" she whispered. "H'm, Rickson's; that's eighty mile by "Don't, but I'm guessin'.” the trail,” Saunders said more to himself “Now, hoys, I don't know nawthin', but than for the benefit of the others. since I comed back from Uncle Jack's—I “How'd he go-ride?” went over thar when Jim got c'ntanker’us, “Yep, took th' horse, an' I kin stay here ye know-1 seed som'n funny 'bout h’ar; an' starve, or walk out, I s'pose!” look ahere!” They found nothing more, though the She reached down and pulled out one of search had been long and thorough. the cowhide boots. Saunders examined "What do you think about it, Bert?" the rough, worn leather carefully; then he "I hain't thought 'null yet; let ye know gave a short, sharp whistle. Any one that in th' mornin'; better turn in now!" knew Bert's ways would have realized that He pulled off the long service boots and 98 The Outing Magazine stretched his feet gratefully to the fire. eyes to slits. The blue flame spluttered The old woman watched them a while into life, then came the yellow shine, and longer, then took a candle and crawled he saw the widow carefully light a candle slowly up the shaky ladder that led to the stub under cover of her hands. Its light small attic over one end of the long room. came redly through the flesh of the fingers. “You boys kin hev the bed,” she called She looked a long time at the sleeping down. men, and the policeman felt his eyes twitch Saunders looked at the mess of clothes. and jerk with the strain. Then she turned "I guess not for mine, Fred; I'll roll up her back and moved noiselessly to the far in the blankets right here.” end of the building. She stopped there, "The same for me!” Fred got their looking back, and Fred started at the ugly blankets from their saddle rolls they had expression on her face. She shook her brought in, and unfolded them on the gnarled fist at the two, then leaned over rough floor. They took off their coats, and began pulling and tugging at some of and these, with the long fur capotes, made the floor boards. Now wide awake and excellent pillows. alert, Fred sat up carefully under cover of When the candles were out, and the tiny the blanket and watched. At last she got glows at the ends of the wicks had vanished, one of the boards well up and drew a long the interior was dark save for the ember something from the bosom of her tattered glow, and silent save for the storm sounds dress. The policeman looked hard, but outside. could only see that it seemed black, and a Gust on gust the fierce breaths shook piece of cloth. the old timbers till they creaked, drone on As slowly the woman dropped the thing drone came from the flue, and the bitter in the hole, lowered the board, quietly re- cold air found its way through the cracks placed the things that had been on it and in the floor, biting the men's faces as they turned to come back. Quick as he was lay rolled in the warm, blue wool blankets. she saw Fred drop. Just then the door blew inward, burst Instantly the candle went out and every- by a gust more powerful than the others. thing was quiet save for the weird sounds “Damn, damn!” Fred grumbled, as he of the wind. got up slowly to close it. He looked out He felt for his revolver, and was about first. It was a wild winter's night on the to call Saunders, when the bar at the door prairie. In the faint snow sheen the short was violently pushed aside, the door itself distances were hazy and vague, laden with flew open, and he caught a fleeting glimpse hurtling masses of white. Overhead the sky of a muffled figure sneaking out. was dark, but the heavy cloud banks were “Halt there!” he shouted, but the wind black, and their dim shapes could faintly be forced the sound of his voice into his throat. seen tearing in great rent and split masses "W's matter?" Saunders asked, sleepily. across the heavens. Fred shivered as he “Wake up, man, quick! Something's pushed the boards into the aperture and wrong!" fastened it with a bar of wood. As though to the bugle call the other “The horses 'll catch it t'night,” he mut was out of the blankets and on his feet, tered as he curled up again. It seemed to revolver in hand. The two stood still for him that he was hardly asleep when some an instant in the darkness, the snow piling thing moving caught his attention. He coldly on the floor. lay quiet, listening intently, trying to lo “The old woman's skedaddled,” he called cate the sound. From his position he then, and hurried over to the corner where could just see the foot of the attic ladder he had seen her mysterious actions. as it was between him and the window; In his haste he broke match after match then a black something came between him trying to get a light. and the faint white reflection. It moved “Take it easy, boy, take it easy!" aside. Saunders followed him over. “Th' old woman! What's she want?" "What's all this anyhow? What ye he whispered, his lips scarcely moving. doin'?” as Fred hauled at the boards, toss- The dull scrape of a sulphur match came ing everything right and left. He got to him softly in answer, and he shut his them up and the light showed a dark, long A Day's Work in the Mounted Police 99 go! ter hole dug in the earth. He leaned over, Ye ain't fit to go on such a night as lowering the candle. this; ye'r a better man for it, but I'm "Holy tickets, Bert, look at that!" younger and you'll freeze 'thout your fur; The other craned his neck. “He hain't go back and wait. l'll find her if she's be- ben dead more'n two days neither!” he said tween here and Blake's!” and he rode off, slowly; "she's done it, an' tried fer to set hearing Saunders' curses but for an instant. us on this same pore feller, so's we'd go The latter turned against the flying snow Rickson's ter-morrer an’ give her a chanst sheets. ter git out. The oľ varmint didn't expec' “He's a good un, jus' same,” he mut- us till next week. I tol'ye we were early tered. “Gosh, it's d-n cold! I be- on this route. Well, come on an' find her; lieve I must be gettin' old after all.” He she ain't far t'night; hidin' in the barn, mos' went back to the house and built up the likely. Hell of a job to take her to the post, dead fire. now, ain't it?" So talking quietly, with Meanwhile Fred struggled on. Little by the coolness of long years at this sort of little the horse recovered its strength and work, Saunders calmly pulled on his boots moved faster, but the cold began to tell on while the younger man chafed at the delay. the man's body, damp from the exertion of “Look out she don't shoot ye, Fred; the run he had had. He got the horse may hev er gun,” he advised, as the two into a gallop and swung his arms viciously. with lowered heads went out into the fury “That's better," he whispered, as the of the night. flying scud showed brighter in the east. They reached the shed; the thatch door He kept on steadily and daylight grew: was wide open. the snow drifted worse and worse. The “She's in there all right,” Saunders little horse labored badly, sank into a trot. stood at the entrance. “Come out, ye and from that to a walk, hanging its head we've got ye, ye!” and licking the snow. No answer. Then far ahead the policeman saw a Slowly Bert's anger grew, and he swore speck, and urged the horse to a trot again. at the black interior. “That's her," he said aloud in a few His voice echoed each time very faintly moments. in the straw-smelling place. The distance between them lessened. “Le's go in an’ haul her out-come on!" There, astride of the other stolen mount, They went, and Fred struck a light. was the old woman, her head and body “The horses!” he gasped. Saunders wrapped in an Indian rabbit-skin blanket; turned; the horses were gone! the horse was walking steadily along, she “Out wi' ye quick, 'less ye want ter huddled in the saddle. She heard nothing walk! Strike fer Blake's, she won't go because of the noises of the wind till Fred agin' this wind for Rickson's, an' I don't reached her side. believe she kin manage them horses, not “Halt!” both on 'em, anyhow!" She stuck her face out, saw him, and They floundered on to the trail, discern before the man could move, grabbed her ible only under the snow by its flatness, and bridle, jerked the horse off the trail and hurried along it as fast as they could. The galloped across the snow plains. snow hindered them more and more, piling He drew his revolver. against their legs and creeping up under “I'll shoot!” he yelled, but he might as their trousers, where it clung freezingly. well have thought it for all she heard. “There's one of 'em!” Saunders shrieked, “By God, I will shoot!” he swore, and as a black object came in sight just off the took aim. “Great tickets, can't I catch track. They came up to it; one of the her? I will !” and away he went, firing horses, and cleverly hobbled! The poor twice in the air to try to intimidate the brute stood there helpless, its mane and fleeing figure, but without success. His tail heavily laden with ice particles, the horse stumbled, gathered itself and stum- nostrils' edges solid and eyes tight frozen. bled again, and he saw that she would get When the hobble was cut it moved stiffly away from him. Saunders started to mount. "Get out "I'll have to shoot the horse. Poor old o'that,” and Fred shoved him aside; “I'll Bill, but I'll have that woman, so help me!” Ioo The Outing Magazine He drew up, took aim and fired. "Here's a fine outfit," he said to him- "Too low!” as a spit of snow rose be self. "A clear, good case; maybe stripes hind the other horse. if I land her at the Post, and certain death Bang! if I don't find the way!” “Too far to the left!” He thought hard and an idea came. Bang! He put the bridle rein over the horse's “Got him!” as the brute staggered to head again, patted it, stroked its ice-hung and fro. muzzle. Then he stood aside, and struck He moved on slowly and came up to the its back sharply with his hand. fugitive. The horse threw up its nose, hesitated, The ugly face peered at him through the then swerved sharp to the right and started blankets. to trot. Fred ran behind, holding it lightly "I've got you now; get off that horse!" by the tail. On the animal went, its ears She did not move; he dismounted, grabbed pricked forward, life in its movements the blankets and yanked her off. where it had been sluggard and slow. Another shot and the wounded beast Sometimes walking, then trotting again, was dead. He patted the lifeless head as but always moving decisively, the horse it lay on the snow. kept on. The man was tired and the snow “Poor old Bill-good horse!” he said chafed his ankles and legs badly. His huskily; "you died for the service.” He body was warm, but his hands, feet and turned savagely. face pained severely. They came up over “Now you walk, d'y hear? Walk!" He a rise, and the long-familiar house stood waited. No move from the shape on the just beyond. crust. “Thank God!” he muttered incoherently, "I'll kill yer if you don't get up!" and kissed the poor frozen muzzle again "Ye dassent," she snarled then, speak and again. The animal seemed to under- ing for the first time. He coaxed, threat stand and tried to nip his hand. ened, promised-all to no end. Saunders was waiting. Then he picked her up, slung her over "Ye got her?” was the first question. his saddle, fastened her there, stripped the “Sure!” dead horse of its saddle and bridle and "Where's my Bill?” fastened them on his own. When Fred told the story the old ser- “I'll have to walk; the hoss can't carry geant's face quivered hard, but, "A good both,” and so they started, he leading, horse was Bill, an' many miles I've done bridle rein over his arm. The exercise wi' him!” was all he said. warmed him, as he was chilled through and He helped to undo the lashings, and the through and his ears were frozen. He blanketed figure dropped into his arms. rubbed snow on them as he went on. They “Here, none o' that-stand up!” He proceeded thus for some time. let go and it fell inert. “Funny I don't hit that trail!” He led “Froze a mite, I guess.” the way to a snow rise. As far as he could Saunders pulled aside the blankets. The see in the now full gray light were moving face he saw leered up at him white and clouds of snow; no flat anywhere, nothing lifeless, the eyes open and dull set. With but hills or hollows that appeared and van a curse he drew the blankets back. A ished between the squalls. short knife was driven in over the heart, “Here, you,” he shook the mass in the and the old, worn hand was still fast to saddle roughly. “Where are we?” the handle. “S'pose I'm goin' ter tell?” the cracked "D'ye know this?" he asked. voice answered fiercely. "God! no,” Fred answered, “I saw “But we'll die out here—I'm lost!” nothing, 'cept when the horse started out “S'pose I care? They'll kill me at the right the blankets moved a trifle.” Post fur killin' Jim-what's the dif'rence?" “That's it, then; she knowed the way, “You admit murdering Jim?” he shout and when she seed you was a-comin' right ed. she did this job; wouldn't that beat all? She nodded, as he could tell by the shak Wall," he continued with a sigh, "it's all ing of the blankets. in the day's work!" THE SPIRIT OF THE OF THE OLYMPIAN GAMES BY JAMES B. CONNOLLY T \HE first modern Olympian cham was erected to the hero, and he might even pionships were held at Athens ten be pensioned for life, and now and again years ago; and will anybody who the nation's poet felt sufficiently inspired was there ever forget the splendor and ap to compose odes to his greatness. The propriateness of the setting? And yet over pension money is gone and the statues and above that was not, after all, the mag- have crumbled, but the Olympionic odes nificent spirit with which the men and have come down to us in all their lyric women of Greece invested the occasion the beauty, and what else need the soul of finest thing about it? man care for? To understand what it meant to a As in the old days the Olympic victor patriotic Greek, one must bear in mind was of some note in the community, so, that it was like a reincarnation, an invo the present-day people of Greece decided, cation of the gods, a living over again of was he worthy to be again. And here the the days when his country led the world power of the press was brought into play. in all the things the world held worthy, For months preceding the games every and a revival of the period when in the newspaper in Greece seemed to be drum- young men were developed brain and body ming on that one note—the glory that was harmoniously; for if there was every stim their ancestors'-until at length was born ulation for him who would emulate the an all-absorbing desire for the recreated intellectually great — encouragement for Olympic festival. At first there was some debate and orations, recitation of poetry discouragement because no structure suit- and presentation of the drama in historic able to the occasion was at hand; but the places and in the presence of the honored patriotic Averoff offered to and did furnish leaders who were yet walking among the funds for a stadium to be built on the them--there was corresponding glory for banks of the Ilissus, above the site of that the physically superior: constant practice stadium wherein the sacred festival was in bodily exercises, frequent athletic com last held in Attica. And so, after fifteen petitions and, above all, the intense ex hundred years, they dug out the old yellow citement of the Olympic Games, which marble blocks that once were so white, and periodically aroused the populace to fren erected the present superb stadium, and zied enthusiasm. merely to glance at it is worth a year of In those great days, when the spirit of classical research in any dusty library here the citizens was nurtured by a system of at home. All white marble from track to education as much physical as mental, as upper walls, marble that gleams in the sun much emotional as intellectual, a youth like a dream of unsullied snow, and of a could hope to perform no more renowned capacity to seat seventy thousand people; feat than to win a prize at the Olympic and above and around the inclosure, en- Games. Crowned in the temple was he compassing the white walls so closely as to then with a wreath of wild olive and re seem a continuation of the serried seats, turned in state to his native city, where, are the slopes of the same old hills whereon that he might not have to enter the city the multitude sat in the old days also. gates as an ordinary citizen, they breached Seventy thousand inside, and another sev- the walls. Quite often a marble statue enty or eighty thousand outside; an audi- IOI 102 The Outing Magazine one ence that to set bounding a man's pulses tions were exchanged! If "Viva!” cried when for the first time he comes out to group, “Vive!” roared another, face it! “Hoch!” boomed the Germans, it was Lately we have witnessed the building “Hooray!” shrieked we, as loudly as any, of a few stadia here at home, and every we hope, for the honor of the flag, and now and again a well-meaning scribe arises continued to shriek as long as any other to dilate on the wonder of them. The best crowd would challenge. of ours seats thirty thousand people and is After a time they allowed us to leave for built of dull-gray cement laid over iron the hotel, to clean up, eat and turn in; girders; but before we write our limitations but early next morning--at four o'clock- down again let us hope that we shall take there they were again, never-ceasing cele- a look at the real thing over there in Ath- brants, in the square beneath our windows, ens, and let us hope also that when our and now with brilliant bands playing universities decide to build another a com strange but stirring airs; and, when we mittee will be sent to inspect that rein went down to breakfast, it was to learn carnated model in Athens, and having done that five thousand people were in line at that, allow only one with an appreciation the stadium to witness an installation that of the true spirit to design the copy. Art was not to take place until two o'clock in and beauty, too, have their laws, and the afternoon. our morals of course not to suffer in the The opening of the games at the stadium process——why not serve them? was a solemn ceremony, as it should be Can you imagine that seething city when after a lapse of fifteen centuries; but it the American team arrived on the eve of need not be detailed here. We might the first day of the games? We had been mention that the hymn composed for the sixteen days in traversing by land and occasion was impressively rendered by a water the something like six thousand band of three hundred pieces, and that miles. Long before the ancient city could quite a little crowd had gathered one hun- possibly be in sight, we had heads out of dred and forty thousand somebody said the window of the coach. Mind, we were —and that included there were a few young and in good physical condition, and, thousand titles — kings, queens, princes, as nothing feeds the senses like youth and princesses, grand-dukes, grand-duchesses, bodily luxuriance, we were aflame to get followed by just ordinary dukes and a view of the classic city. All that we had duchesses, and so on down to every-day ever read or heard of Greece and all that baronets and their ladies. we had never read nor heard, but that was We undressed then and were rubbed in born within us, lay like white-heated strata little booths that led off a court wherein in the hotbeds of our imaginations. We might be heard all the languages of civiliza- were burning to see, and when it flashed tion, and one or two that we doubted were to view—the tumbled Parthenon on the civilized. And by and by a herald came crest of the scarred Acropolis, the one tem in and ta-ra-rummed stirringly, while out- ple of the one hill of all the Pagan ages side in the arena we could hear his mate why-we said nothing. But when breath also ta-ra-rumming in stirring fashion. ing came easier-"Athens!” we cried; and And we went out and looked that multitude that little word stood for all our years of in the face. One hundred and forty thou- thought, speech and subconscious reflection sand, did somebody say? We could easily on the glory of things that were. believe it. And when that throng crowded to our The trials in the one hundred meters were coach and gave us little flags, one of their run; and the Americans won their heats, country and one of our own, and we pinned but they were counted only for trial heats them to our coats, and joined joyously in -the first final had yet to be won. It was the procession that straightway paraded on directly, the trials and final in the classic the streets, and with (we trust) humility Greek jump—the triple leap, as they call received the plaudits of the multitudes that it, or the hop, step and jump, or two hops crowded sidewalks, doorways, balconies, and jump, as we call it—and the glorified roofs! And afterward at the Chamber of youth of a dozen nations took their turns, Deputies, where the international felicita until it simmered down to a Greek, a The Spirit of the Olympian Games 103 Frenchman and an American. And the And later in the afternoon that first final winning of it by the American led up victor was joined by another, also an to an occasion that he has been able since American, Robert Garrett, who had won to recollect without greatly straining his the discus throwing. And these two, Gar- faculties. The one hundred and forty thou rett and Connolly, having won what, next sand throats roared a greeting, and the one to the Marathon Race, were held to be the hundred and forty thousand pairs of eyes, important events, were elevated to high as nearly as he could count, focused them pinnacles, and that evening, among other selves on his exalted person. And then things, enjoyed the inestimable pleasure when his name went up on the board, to of viewing their own portraits under fes- the crest of the hills outside the multitude toons and halos of red, white and blue re-echoed it, and to the truck of the lofty incandescents; and on subsequent days staff was hoisted the flag of his country they were joined by other victors, Burke, and there remained, while that beloved Hoyt, Curtis and Blake of Boston, and band of three hundred pieces in the middle Lane, Tyler and Jamieson of Princeton, of the stadium-and such a band! they who all agreed that truly it was a propi- should have been admitted to full American tious occasion. citizenship on the spot--began to play the And yet the real strength of the people's Star Spangled Banner as if it were their enthusiasm was not revealed until a Greek own--why, it was a moment to inspire! victor appeared. Then it was that Loues The young fellow was seeing things through Spiridon, a peasant of Maroussi, came into a purple haze by then, and the haze deep- his own. Beside his reception when he ened and glowed when over in a corner a trotted into the stadium after his long run group of countrymen, officers and sailors from Marathon to Athens, that of the others of a warship in port and the not-to-be was like the chill of early dawn to the heat mistaken tourists, suddenly flashed into of high noon. Normal, well-balanced citi- view a lot of American flags and split the zens simply went crazy, and did not think classic air with an assortment of American fit to apologize for their conduct afterward. yells. But, eyes for the flag aloft and ears And what was the temper of this Greek to the strain below, he stood to attention, peasant to whom all, from the king down, and not until the shouts had died away made obeisance? He was a poor man, mark did he regain his balance, when, thoroughly you, who had to live most economically satisfied that the heir to all the ages was to live at all. They offered him twenty- at that moment treading the air of the five thousand francs in gold-twenty-five stadium in spiked shoes, he made his way thousand francs in a country where a stout across the field and through the tunnel to laborer earns less than two francs a day. the dressing room, and there graciously He refused it. To sustain the honor of posed for four artists and any number of Hellas was enough for Loues Spiridon, he photographers. said, and only asked that he be given a There were numerous minor attentions, water privilege in his native town of Ma- such as the clutching en route of the girdle roussi, that he be allowed every morning of the hero's bath robe by those who were to fill his goatskins in Athens, and drive pleased to be able to say afterward that his little team to his own little village and they had done so; and there were other there sell such of the water as his own people who blocked his way and asked to people might care to buy from him. The be allowed to gaze into his face, and, he money? They set it aside for the physical benignly permitting, they did so, and in- training of the boys of Loues' village. variably shouted “Nike!” after his dis There was something of spirit there; appearing miraculous form. And there and is it to be wondered at that, after were delicate addresses by yet others who breathing the atmosphere of that atavistic pointed him out—men and women-and occasion, the entire American team signed smiled and smiled, and one or two auda a petition that thereafter the Olympic cious but undeniably sincere ones, albeit championships be contested only in Greece? they were bearded, who threw arms around Only in that country, in their opinion, him and kissed him ecstatically on both could the people become imbued with the cheeks. true reverence for the old traditions. 104 The Outing Magazine Subsequent events would seem to bear Another bit of work by some officials out the conclusions of that meeting of was an attempt to erase from the perform- athletes in 1896. .. In that year, be it re ance, because their club had no strong membered, only a limited number of Amer- entry for it, an event that is a classical icans took part. It was difficult to awake Olympic tradition. our materialists, the men with money to It is because of these things that we spare, to a sense of the importance of the should hail the meet at Athens once more. revival, and hence it was that only one We have good men interested in athletics university, Princeton, was officially rep here in America. Some of them are on resented, and that largely because of the the American Committee, and, not using public spirit shown by one of its under athletics for business or social purposes, graduates, Robert Garrett, who furnished men who will go to any expenditure of the money which enabled the team to go, time and energy to advance a great cause. and who himself won the discus throwing; And if they would but make the journey and only one athletic association, Boston, to the coming games it would mean much, which gave the scheme an athletic club for no matter how much inborn enthusiasm indorsement; and one lone entry, Connolly, they may have for clean athletics, they who went of his own initiative, without will need to see its expression in Greece to club or college indorsement of any kind. experience it in full tide. And, returning But four years later, when the games from there, we are sure that sport in gen- were held in Paris, things were different. eral will receive a fresh and lasting im- It was a great rush then to secure some of pulse, and we too may attain to that spirit the “rake-off,” which here was to be had which the victorious American athletes in the form of advertising and glory for at Athens, after they had time to recover the clubs and colleges, social attention and from the first enlargement of self-esteem, newspaper mention for the officials. The after the praise and the huzzas, the ban- politics of clubs and officials played each queting and glorifying were past, had to its own little part. The predominant idea admit: that the real thing was the people of seemed to be the glorification of this or Greece that made that festival of 1896 a that association, the scoring of points for wondrous occasion. It was a spirit that no the club or college, and the cabling of the other modern nation could have generated same across the ocean. An athletic meet for an athletic festival, and it is that spirit ing that reminded one of a brewery picnic which the Olympic Games of the future in Jones' Wood was the result. There was may be made to serve. It is that spirit one particular entry from one particular which is the thing; and, if it be not born club; an agreeable chap himself, but of no in us, let us try to absorb it; and if we are more fitness at an Olympic meet than a not equal to that, then at least, to learn circus acrobat. There were inserted three to appreciate it; and, if we come to do no events, and he went through his stunts with more, to at least pass on the appreciation an accompaniment of friendly club mem of it to our descendants, by whom it may bers to fill out the entry list, while the be made to lead to so much; for no country Continental athletes and those Americans can find greater use for it than our own, who had competed in the Athens meet which is standing now, awake and eager, stood by and wondered what it all had to where old Greece once slept-on the thresh- do with an Olympic meet. old of the world's leadership. THE VIEW-POINT BY CASPAR WHITNEY s MR. Caspar WHITNEY's editorial com he will be ready to write about the coun- ment touching events in the out-door world try, not as a second-handed gleaner of is omitted because he sailed for South books already made, but with a rarely America last month to complete an under intimate and picturesque knowledge of the taking which will have required four trips people and the lives they lead from Co- to that vastness of country during the last lombia to the Argentine. few years. He is somewhere in the region That the editor of The OUTING MAGA- of the upper Orinoco, which is more of an zine should consider it necessary to make unchartered wilderness than any part of four trips to South America before he is Darkest Africa. satisfied with his material, is in keeping In his previous South American expe- 'with a policy which is fairly dotting the ditions, he has traversed the mountains, map with writers and artists in search of plains, rivers and coasts as thoroughly as vivid and exclusive material. Dillon Wal- any living traveler. He was not content, lace, for one, is in Labrador, carrying out, however, to call the task finished until he with a fine and dogged courage, the ex- should have explored a region in which ploration enterprise which was left un- dwells an Indian race wholly unknown to finished when Hubbard lost his life. This white men. When he returns he will be time Wallace has found success, and he equipped to write of one of the few mys will be returning with a great big thrilling terious corners of the modern world, and story before long. about a people hitherto known only in the Robert Dunn, well known to readers of rumors of a few traders. the magazine, has gone into the Southwest Mr. Whitney has gone inland without to gather material for a series of articles an imposing "expedition." In the Barren about the men and deeds of the vanishing Grounds, or in the jungles of the Malaysia, American frontier. he learned to cut down his equipment and The artists who illustrate the articles escort to that minimum which is known and stories which make this the most gen- only to the veteran explorer and hunter. uinely and typically American magazine, He fitted himself for such work by an are not asked to find their ideas in their outdoor life of eight years in his own studios. They are sent to the regions they country, before he undertook foreign ex love best to paint pictures about, and their ploration. He knows his America from work means something. Canada to Mexico, the west and the south Prominent illustrators who are working west, as seen from the saddle. Since then far afield for this magazine during the his wanderings have led him to every in present year are N. C. Wyeth in the Rock- teresting land except Africa, where he ies; F. C. Schoonover in the Canadian plans to go next year. Northwest; Oliver Kemp on the Labrador When he is done with South America, Coast; and Ernest Haskell in California. The photograph published in our February issue on page 665, entitled "Youthful Aspirations," and showing two young mountaineers in the Grand Cañon of Arizona, was from a stereograph copyright, 1903, by Messrs. Underwood & Underwood. Credit was omitted through a clerical oversight. -THE EDITOR. 105 SCHOOL AND COLLEGE WORLD BY RALPH D. PAINE YALE THE PASSING OF THE FRESHMAN HERO 'varsity player is a prodigy because so few of his own class gain these laurels. He ALE, Harvard and Princeton have, at cannot be severely blamed for thinking athletics the chief end of undergraduate a factor of the university athletic team, endeavor, and he is handicapped at the thus falling in line with the precedent set start by a twisted view-point. for them by the Conference Colleges of the In the days before the college athlete was Middle West. This is the most sensible as resplendent a hero as he has since be- and commendable result so far threshed come, I recall a lad who rowed on a uni- out from the confusion of tentative ath versity crew in his Freshman year. He letic reforms. It recognizes the fact that was the only Freshman of the eight, and no amount of restrictive supervision will the first to make the boat in several years. make young men over again. The Ameri It happened that his crew was most soundly can schoolboy, and collegian will always licked over the New London course, and, take his athletic honors very seriously, and being a Freshman, he took upon himself will set his heart on winning the game be all blame for the fell disaster. He dared cause it is his nature so to do. No matter not return to his college town except under how much the style of football play is cover of darkness, and the thought upper- changed, the youth of a strong body and most in his tormenting thoughts was that a stout heart will play it with no less zeal, the whole college must share his view and nor will his comrades of the campus pay therefore was probably in wait to lynch him smaller tribute of esteem. him on the campus. His summer vacation The idea of "sport" proclaimed by many was blighted, for whenever he saw a man agitated reformers would do away with from his college he dodged like a hunted the spirit of competition as far as pos thing, and life held no comfort for him sible. They would have young America anywhere. He seriously considered wheth- kick a football or bat a ball or pull an oar er or not he should return for Sophomore for "exercise,” confining all its contests to year, and was amazed, when he did slink its own grounds; in other words, to adopt back in the autumn, to find that his friends as far as possible the systems of English had not forsaken him. Foolish and child- schools and universities. It is true that ish, you may say, but the spirit that moved intracollegiate rivalries can be vastly de him to think as he did had been hammered veloped among our students to the profit into him through the long stress of the of all concerned; yet, on the other hand, training season, and because he was a Fresh- class lines are becoming more and more man he took it all as gospel and believed loosely drawn as the university spirit that defeat was lasting disgrace. spreads among our institutions, and for Again, if a boy of uncommon physique this reason it is difficult to foster a natural and courage is lucky enough to make the spirit of rivalry cut on the English pattern, football team in his first autumn at college, in which the group of colleges provides the he is ambitious to try for the crew or the organization for rivalries within the uni nine or the track team in the spring. The versity. American college athletics cannot college needs him, he thinks, and he wants thrive without a certain amount of inter double or triple honors that he may be even collegiate competition, and this means the more exceptionalfor prowess. And he would support of 'varsity teams” picked and be a poor American if he were not ambitious trained for these contests. to bag all the prizes in sight. As a result it The prominence in campus life achieved may be that he is in training the whole nine by a member of one of these teams does months of his first year on the campus, not often spoil the average athlete who has which is mighty bad for the Freshman, who been in college long enough to get his bear must be working at and thinking about ings and adjust himself to the varied round athletics a good part of every day. of duties and diversions. It has been a While the reformers are busy, they grave menace, however, to the Freshman might do well to forbid any athlete to suddenly set upon the pinnacle of athletic belong to more than one university team fame, and if he made his 'varsity team, it among the “major sports.” This is at was often at a cost to his mental, moral least worth debating, but as for the Fresh- and physical welfare. In the first place, man, he has no business on any team whose he becomes a hero by virtue of making the training period runs into months and whose team at all; but more than this, he is victories are the chief events of the season peculiarly exalted in that the Freshman in the campus life. 106 School and College World 107 As a This new rule is going to work for good also among the preparatory schools. The disgraceful scramble among the colleges for schoolboy talent will be scorched if not killed. Until now, the pressure brought upon every lad in his teens who showed any prowess on track or field has been amazing as it was disgusting. The worst offenders have been graduates of colleges whose fair names they have brought into disrepute. Nowhere has the demoralizing influence of the "athletic alumnus' been more notable than among the schoolboys of this country. He is old enough to know better, and he is presumed to have a manly view-point, but if he had gone deliberately to work to wreck the athletics of his alma mater, he could not be more successful than by just these means which he has used so blindly and recklessly. College sport will never be reformed by the “athletic alumnus, who must be classed with the professional coach as a menace to the integrity and wholesome conduct of campus athletics. Ask the head masters and principals of the leading preparatory schools, East and West, who has most bedeviled and upset their boys with arguments and inducements and flat- teries, and they will tell you "the ath- letic graduate. The pernicious activity of these persons will hardly find it worth while to persuade boys to enter a particular college in which they are barred from prominence in athletics through Freshman year. And we will hear less about the “prep school star” who passes his entrance examinations for one college and changes his mind and his destination over night. Another long step toward better con- ditions was made in the decision of Yale, Harvard and Princeton to limit member- ship of 'varsity teams to the undergraduate or strict collegian. Yale was too far ahead of the times when she adopted this rule in 1894, and it was in force only one year. It paved the way, however, for the four year rule," and the provision that a stu- dent matriculating from another college was not eligible for a team until after one year of residence. This latest and far more sweeping pro- hibition is based upon common sense and expediency apart from the question of its influence upon athletic morale. An Amer- ican student in the professional or graduate schools of a university is there to specialize for his life's work. It is presumed that his playtime is past. He is getting up into the twenties, and if he is fitting him- self for professional life, there is a long, hard road ahead of him before he can win a foothold. If he gives two or three hours or more a day to training for an athletic team, with the mental absorption involved, he is neglecting his university work. No longer can he serve two mas- ters. Look at the swarm of professional foot- ball coaches who have been turned out from our colleges and universities. The majority of them were graduated from the professional schools, or were "special" or graduate students, hanging on by the skin of their teeth as long as possible in order to play football the full four years. result, they were not fitted to be good doc- tors or good lawyers, nor good for any- thing else than to teach football. There is no disgrace in teaching athletics, but it is a confession of failure in the pur- pose for which a man goes to college. And what is worse, the majority of these hired college football coaches have failed at their own business. They have persist- ently fought the reforms in the game which every unbiased bystander has been demanding for years. They have been stupid obstructionists, fighting only for their own selfish ends, afraid that a simpler, less arduous game might throw them out of their jobs. And because their very occupation proves that they learned noth- ing else in college than athletics, they don't know where else to turn for a live- lihood. By eliminating the athlete of the grad- uate and professional schools, the American college world will be purged of a demoral- izing element which has been hanging on to the edge of things, shifting from one institution to another, taking up dentistry when it failed to keep up in medicine, or vice versa. The prize fighter is a more estimable member of the community than these ambitionless pseudo-students who have been returning to their colleges to play football or baseball, when they ought to be trying to do a man's work in the world. A MONSTROSITY IN COLLEGE ROWING Several professional rowing coaches iden- tified with the Poughkeepsie regatta are booming the “octopede," as they call it. This is a racing shell manned with sculls, each man pulling a pair of oars instead of the one long sweep which has been used in eight-oared racing for almost a century. The stewards of the Intercollegiate Rowing Association which is in charge of the rac- ing at Poughkeepsie have favored the in- novation so far as to include a “qua- druple scull” race in the next regatta, and have discussed the question of “octopede" competition. The crusade in favor of this aquatic monstrosity has been backed by the pro- fessionals Ten Eyck of Syracuse, Ellis Ward of Pennsylvania, and Dempsey of Georgetown. The idea is not a new one, however, as for years the professional sin- gle sculler has been fond of maintaining that eight of his kind could beat eight col- lege oarsmen rowing with the twelve-foot sweeps. And the present agitation is a professional movement, pure and simple, and as such it is to be scanned most care- fully by the college athletic world at large. 108 The Outing Magazine It is easy to muster many reasons why crew rowing with sculls should be frowned upon, while its defenders can make out a poor case at best. It is claimed that eight men rowing with sculls need far less severe training than under the old system, and that the strain in racing is much less arduous. It is also alleged that sweep rowing makes men lop- sided, while the professional style would develop them more symmetrically. As a matter of fact college oarsmen are not lop- sided, and are a well-developed and well- set-up lot of young men. They are taught to row with straight backs and to throw their shoulders into their stroke. They keep their heads erect and handle their bodies with such dexterous care that they exercise every muscle. A slouchy man cannot make a good oarsman in an eight, for he must be on the alert every instant to help balance the skittish shell and keep it running smoothly on its bottom. For these reasons and because of the powerful leg work employed to co-operate with shoulders and arms and back, your college oar is gaining strength in every inch of him from the back of his neck to his toes. His is the sport which ranks next after swimming for all-round development. Sculling, or rowing with two oars, is a slouchy, slovenly looking exercise for a crew of men. The single-sculler, as a rule, pulls along with his back hunched like Father Time, his head between his shoul- ders, his chin almost scraping his knees, and most of his effort concentrated in an ungainly yank with his arms at the end of his stroke. The tendency of his ex- ercise is to make him hollow-chested and round-shouldered unless he borrows some- thing from the theory of the college oars- There are single-scullers who pay some regard to form, but they are the ex- ception, and the common precept is to row whatever way seems easiest. The principles of successful oarsmanship in racing shells as practiced in this country are largely founded upon the experience of many generations of rowing men in England. There are certain essential rules which must be followed, and a winning style to hold its pre-eminence must be worked out along the fundamental lines. Single-scull rowing has always been a 'go as you please" matter, and always will be. The few professional coaches who advo- cate its adoption among our colleges are swayed by motives which are open to the charge of self-seeking. They are old scull- ers who learned their trade when single- scull racing among professionals was a popular sport. They killed it as profes- sional foot-racing was killed. Most of the men who turned from sculling to coach- ing college and other amateur eights had to master new theories, and they were slow to learn, through defeat, that their scull- ing ideas must be thrown overboard if they were to turn out fast crews. The men among them who stand out as successful coaches, like Courtney of Cor- nell and Kennedy of Yale, gripped the fact that they had lots to learn and they set about mastering the science of rowing with zeal and intelligence. Others, like Ten Eyck and Ellis Ward, turned out one or two fast eights which won because of phenomenal material and in spite of the stroke they rowed, and they were thereby convinced that their antiquated theories were sound. They would like a change because they are outclassed by Courtney at present, and with a "new deal" they might hope to get on a more equal footing. Yale and Harvard will stick to sweeps, of course, and Courtney is brainy enough to uphold the science which he has mas- tered. He will be backed up by all the grad- uate oarsmen in the country who are in- terested in the Poughkeepsie regatta. Nor will coach Goodwin of Columbia, nor O'Dea of Wisconsin, join the radicals. This means that the "octopede" will not sup- plant the eight-oared crew. It may be, however, that a majority of these profes- sional coaches may prevail so that an "octopede" race will be added to the Poughkeepsie fixtures, and meantime they will make a beginning with the “quadru- ple” sculls which are already scheduled. The men who will train for this event will be of no use as material for the uni- versity boat. Scarcity of trained material has been the greatest handicap in Ameri- can college rowing. Here is a plan which will withdraw from the already limited field a number of young men sufficiently interested in rowing to turn out and train. They will be rowing, after one pattern, while the real crew is following another style. Any young man strong enough to handle a pair of sculls can be taught to row with a twelve-foot oar, and the strain of the latter has injured so few oarsmen in England and America that the severity of the exercise is an argument that can be flung aside. To surrender to this handful of profes- sional coaches would be to say to the old college oarsman: 'Your kind of rowing calls for too much brains and endurance and harmony of interaction, and we want to try something easy and slouchy because our coaches haven't intelligence enough to learn your way of doing things.' The greatest boon that could come to college rowing—and the same is true of football—would be to devise a style of pastime unknown to the professional tal- ent, and thereafter keep the secret in the college world. men. IIO The Outing Magazine you will find the work that needs doing- plenty of it-on every hand. Our school grounds and church lots are, as a general thing, bare and unattractive. They ought not to be so. They need not be so, after a little, if the Neighborhood Improvement Society takes them in hand. Trees and shrubs, properly arranged, will make at- tractive places of them. Flowers will give them a grace and beauty that will appeal to every one interested, and arouse in them a desire to do still more in the way of im- provement. That is one of the beauties of an organization for neighborhood better- ment. It grows by what it does, and the more it does the more it wants to do. Hand in hand with a society of this kind goes the work of making good roads. I know of several communities in which im- provement of the roads has been done al- most wholly by the local improvement society. In looking about it for work it saw the sorry condition of the public thor- oughfares, and it concluded, quite logically, that improvement which stops at the home and the public place is only partial improve- ment; and thus it has come about that the work of improving the roads was taken up by the society which was organized, orig- inally, for quite another purpose. Such a society, acting in harmony with the road commissioner of each district, can do a great deal more than hired help will, be- cause it is actuated by a desire for real im- provement that is above a mere dollars- and-cents consideration. Pride of home and home interests will furnish the en- thusiasm which spurs them on to better and more thorough work than can be ob- tained from the ordinary day-laborer, whose only incentive is the money he can earn by it. plants, or large ones. A good cultivator will enable a man to do as much work in an hour as he can do with a hoe in a day, and do it better and easier. Every garden, however, should have its hoe. The best one I have ever used is V- shaped, with the handle-socket in the cen- ter of the triangle. The point of the blade allows one to work close to a small plant without the danger of cutting it off- something that cannot be done easily with the ordinary hoe. By reversing the tool the wide blade comes into play. But so superior is the pointed end for nearly all kinds of garden work that one soon comes to depend upon the use of it. A weeding-hook belongs in every garden outfit. It is a little claw-shaped tool that doesn't look as if it amounted to much, but you will find it capable of doing more work in ten minutes than can be done with the fingers in an hour, and doing it well. A wheelbarrow is one of the necessities of every garden. The most sensible wheel- barrow I have ever had any experience with is one in which the wheel is nearly in the center. Of course this elevates the box to an unusual height, but the extra labor in- volved in filling the box is more than made up for in the ease of the barrow's operation. In the ordinary barrow, the wheel, being at one end, obliges us to lift and sustain the whole load. But with the barrow having its wheel in the center, heavy lifting is done away with to a great extent and the prin- cipal part of our labor is in pushing it ahead, the wheel taking all the strain of the load. THE VEGETABLE AND FLOWER GARDEN GARDEN TOOLS In the north, but little can be done in the way of gardening, this month, but we can get ready for it. Soil having good drainage will be in a condition to plow shortly after the early spring rains. If all the work that can be done in April is done then, much of the usual worry of May can be avoided. In laying out the garden, aim to do it in such a manner as to allow the use of ma- chinery in caring for it. Put everything in rows instead of beds, so far as possible. If your garden is a large one, plan for using a horse-cultivator in it. This will make it necessary to have more space between the rows than where a hand-cultivator is used. Let the rows run lengthwise, if possible, to save frequent turning. Every garden ought to have a seed-sow- ing machine; one that can be adjusted to all kinds of seeds, and arranged for thick or thin sowing. Every gardener ought also to have a hand-cultivator, for use where the horse-cultivator would hardly fit in. These cultivators have several sets of teeth, which are adjustable for the smallest Small fruit of all kinds—asparagus, pie- plant and horseradish-should be set out this month. In planting asparagus, have the soil well- drained and heavily manured, and dug up to a depth of at least eighteen inches. Set the plants about that distance apart, and let their crowns be at least four inches be- low the surface. Two- or three-year-old plants are preferable to seedlings. Con- sult the catalogues and satisfy yourself as to the merits of the best varieties before ordering, remembering always that it pays to get the best. Pie-plant likes a deep, rich soil. If mod- erately moist, all the better. Set the roots at least three feet apart. Horseradish should be given a corner by itself, and con- fined to it, or it will spread so rapidly as to soon become a nuisance. In a rich soil it will be much tenderer and finer-flavored than in a poor one. Peas do best if sowed early in the season. They are not injured by frost All the manure about the barn ought to be disposed of this month. Use the oldest of it for the garden. Sweet-peas ought to be planted in April. Do this as soon as the ground is in a con- dition to work easily. My method is this: Making the Country Home III I make a trench about five inches deep. I Such shrubs as produce flowers on the sow the seed quite thickly in the bottom of early growth of the season can be pruned it, and cover with about an inch of fine soil, this month, but such as bear flowers from pressing it down firmly. When the plants buds formed last fall-like the lilac-must have grown to be two or three inches tall, I not be cut back until after the flowering draw in about an inch more of the soil period, as a shortening of their branches thrown out from the trench, and continue would destroy the spring's crop of bloom. to do this, from time to time, until all the Therefore, study the habits of your shrubs soil is disposed of. In this way I get the before applying the pruning-knife. Roses plants started early in the season, while it should be pruned rather sharply. In thin- is cool and cool weather seems conducive ning the bushes cut away the oldest wood. to the healthy growth of the seedling—and By doing this each season, we keep them it also gets the roots so deep in the ground constantly renewing themselves. - Apply that the plants are not likely to suffer when manure liberally, digging it in well about hot weather comes. their roots. The rose is a strong feeder, Hardy border plants can be set out this and cannot do itself justice unless given a month to good advantage. Old clumps, good deal of rich food. which have not been disturbed for years, All the plants about the home grounds will be greatly benefited by a division of should be well manured. Bear in mind their roots. Plant the roots taken away in that their last season's growth used up a rich soil, and fill in the empty spaces about large share of the nutriment in the soil in the old plants with well-rotted manure. which they stand, and this loss must be Shrubs can be set out now. In planting made good if we expect them to do satis- them, be sure to make the hole for them so factory work this season. A plant not large that their roots can be spread out properly fed soon becomes a plant not naturally. If you want a shrub to sulk, worth keeping dig a hole for it precisely as you would for If you are planning to set out shrubbery a fence-post, and crowd its roots into this on the lawn — don't do it! A lawn is hole in the most unnatural manner possi- spoiled by cluttering up its surface with ble. Peonies ought not to be disturbed in shrubs. Its dignity is destroyed. Put spring, for they are quick to resent any your shrubs at the side of the lot and in the interference with their roots. I have often rear, but leave the space before the house known large, old plants to blast nearly all unscarred by spade. their buds because a few of their roots had Let me advise you to plant your shrubs been removed early in the season. I con- in groups, instead of scattering them about, sider fall the proper time for transplanting and making single specimens of them. this flower, unless you are willing to go Grouping them makes them vastly more without flowers for a season. Old lily-of effective, provided you familiarize yourself the-valley beds can be greatly improved sufficiently with the habit of each kind, by digging out large clumps, here and there, before planting, that you are able to put and filling the spaces with strong manure. the larger ones in the rear of the low-grow- Next season your plants will be larger and ing sorts. On no account set them in finer in every way. Do not be in a hurry straight rows. Aim to imitate Nature's to uncover the roses. Wait until the latter way of doing these things. She never part of the month, when the danger from makes the mistake of primness and for- severe cold spells seems past. When un- mality. covered too soon, they are often injured This is the month in which to set out quite as much by relapses into winter trees. Do you need any about the house? weather as they would have been by being If so, decide which kinds will fit in best left unprotected in winter. Nothing is with the general features of the place be- gained by haste in this matter, and often fore buying. A tree that would look well everything is lost. on a large lawn is spoiled if planted in small The advice given above applies with grounds. equal pertinence to bulbs. Of course they Some of the so-called trees of the cata- start into growth as soon as the spring sun logues are really nothing but overgrown shine makes its influence felt in the soil shrubs, and never attain to the dignity where they are hidden away, and it will be you perhaps have in mind. If a real tree necessary to remove their covering as soon is what you want, they will disappoint as they peer above ground. But do not you. Make sure about this, before you anticipate this time, thinking you are doing plant. them a kindness. When you see them For small grounds the cut-leaved birch peeping up, uncover them by degrees. If, is very desirable, as it is graceful in all after they are uncovered, a cold, freezing stages of growth. Its foliage is very beau- night comes along, spread blankets or old tiful in summer, contrasting charmingly carpeting over the beds. While they with the white bark of its branches, and it would not seem to be much injured by is especially attractive in fall, when it turns freezing, their vitality would be greatly re to a rich yellow that is found among no duced by the ordeal, and in order to secure other trees, with possibly the exception of the finest flowers it is advisable to prevent the hickories and ashes, which we cannot this. make use of on the lawn. HOW TO BUILD AND FURNISH A SURPRISE DEN IN A MODERN HOUSE BY DAN BEARD w OF F late years our people have come to realize the fact that a man's room or a boy's room is as necessary to the properly conducted household as the lady's boudoir. These rooms, by common consent, are known as “dens. A den usually consists of a small space, sometimes nothing more than an alcove, where the men or boys of the house may retreat to, and the den is usually decorated with an abundant display of yachting flags, college colors, trophies of the hunt and athletic field, fishing-rods, guns, etc., with probably a desk and an easy chair. But, as the wealth of the country increases, and luxuries multiply, the den gradually assumes a more and more primitive con- dition. This is the natural result of the reaction against the surrounding effete luxury of the household. The surprise den is designed to supply a want suggested by many letters request- ing ideas on how to decorate and fix up a den in one's house. The surprise den is constructed so that one may open the door from the dining-room, the drawing-room, or the library, as the case may be, and usher the guests into a primitive pioneer cabin. OLAOS ANOD 4 6 6 COMMON DOOR KHOD 5 7 COMDINATION DOOR KNOD AND WOODEN LATCH INVENTED AND OLSIGNED BY DANBLAD AUTRES RESERVED IN&IO SNOWINO TOCA TWO SIDES OF THE SURPRISC DOOR If your house is located in the country, where there is plenty of room, a small ad- dition, say 15'x15, may be added to one side or the other and this addition built into the form of a regular log cabin; but the outsides of the logs concealed by shingles or clapboards to match the side of the house, so that the presence of the log cabin will not be suspected; but if your house is in the city you will probably have to take some room in that house for your den, and in that case, the walls and the ceiling may be covered with slabs which, if neatly done, will have all the appearance of real logs. Slabs are in- expensive, their cost being nothing more than the cost of transportation, for wher- ever saw-mills exist the slabs are burned, thrown away or given away; consequently, they have no market value. The first important thing to a surprise 2 li ARD DI DARDLAND OVTSIDE II2 How to Build and Furnish a Surprise Den 113 OY WHICM YOU MAY SCE NOWA TWIST OP The DOOR KNOB WILL LIFT THE LATOM 10 8 VENTES Vidiomes 19 ANO OCSIC the opposite side of the door. There should be an iron washer, such as comes upon com- mon doors, fastened in place upon the den side of the door before the wooden latch lifter is put in place. The latch itself is simply a straight, wooden bar, H (Figs. 8 and 9), which fits into the wooden catch K (Figs. 8, 9 and 10), and slides up and down through the guard L (Figs. 9 and 11). In Fig. 8 the guard is omitted so as to better show the working of the latch. You can see from this figure that when the knob upon the drawing-room side of the door is twisted, the half disc F turns with the knob and lifts up the wooden latch as it is in Fig. 8. Fig. 9 shows the latch, guard and catch all in place. But to return to the door itself. Upon the den side of this door some very thin planks must be nailed to cover all signs of the mill or skilled workmanship. These strips of wood while apparently planks, are in fact nothing but weather-beaten boards which have been carefully sawed in half at the mill so that they are, in reality, only a thick veneering to the door; to which they can be nailed without any serious injury to the latter. After these are fitted to the door, two battens, one at the top and one at the bottom, can be fastened in place by a few small screws and afterward a number of short, hand-made rough-headed nails are driven in for appear- ance's sake. These nails need not be of sufficient length to enter into the real door- way. (as may be seen by reference to Fig. 1). Fig. 12 is a rough sketch of the in- terior of a den, showing a fireplace and the slab sides and rustic furniture of the room den is the doorway. Of course, the side of the door which faces the drawing-room, parlor or library must give no indication of the other side. It must be, in all re- spects, similar to the other doors in the house. But the opposite side, or the side facing the den, must resemble, in no re- spect, the modern finished doorway.. (Figs. 1 and 2 are supposed to be, first, the side facing the den, second, the side facing the drawing-room of the house.) The first problem which confronts us here is how to make a door latch which upon one side is the original knob and lock face, but on the other a wooden latch. Fig. 3 shows the glass knob and brass escutcheon sketched from one on a library door. Fig. 4 shows the same knob unscrewed and taken from the door. Fig. 5 is an ordinary door-knob. By refer- ence to these figures you will see that the knob itself is attached to a square iron bar in the end of which are several threaded holes. These holes are for the that secure the knob upon the opposite side of the door. Now, then, if you will cut from a piece of hickory or other hard wood a block of the form of F (Fig. 6), and make a square hole in this block to admit the end of the square iron bar of the knob, and then fasten it in place by a screw (as in Fig. 7), you will have something with which to lift the wooden latch, upon screws FHCHHE 12 ROUGH SKETOM OF A SURPRISE DEN OR SLAB ROOM FOR CITY OR COUNTRY MOUSE DESIGNED BY DAN GEARDS RIGNY RESERVED 114 The Outing Magazine ho SIMPLE SLADMANT ALL RIGAT AND JOINTS OR PUNCHEON MANTEL and fascination of a den; but if we have an open fire in the surprise den it must be in keep- ing with the rest of the room. Figure 13 shows one which S has been in working order now for a number of years. The S beauty of this design is its simplicity. The, hearthstone is a rough slab of bluestone from the Pennsylvania moun- с tains. The bricks are large, rough fire-bricks. The mantel S itself, D (Fig. 13), is a 2" plank which rests upon the puncheon C (Figs. 13 and 16). There are two other puncheons (A and B), which run up the sides of the fireplace, to the ceiling. This produces a very simple, pioneer effect, with none of the affectation of so-called rustic work. Fig. 14 shows the puncheon A, which is flattened 보 ​on the two edges. It is shown better by the sketch in Fig. 15. Fig. 16 shows the top of the 114 Po mantel D and the manner in which it is cut out at the cor- 13 ners to fit the upright punch- eons A and B. Fig. 15 shows the manner Also, the effect of heavy logs supporting in which the slabs of the wall fit up against the rough board ceiling. The ceiling of the flattened sides of the puncheon. Fig: the room should be covered with rough, 17 shows how the puncheon C (Figs. 17 and unplaned boards. To produce the effect of 18) is cut to make a snug fit upon the heavy log rafters puncheons may be nailed edges of the puncheons A and B. to the planks, and the floor may be sanded. E, E, etc., of Fig. 13 are the rafters of For the benefit of the effete city man the ceiling unacquainted with the language of the S, S, S are the slabs of the wall. pioneers, it may be well to state that a The furniture for the fireplace should puncheon is a flattened or halved log. It not be modern. Wrought-iron andirons differs from a slab only in possessing are much to be preferred to brass, for the greater thickness. But if puncheons are reason that our pioneers' andirons—when difficult to secure and there are no dis they indulged in such luxuries—were made carded telegraph poles or piling procurable at the blacksmith shop, and not imported the slabs will answer the purpose very from the brass foundries. There should well, and may be used to represent the log rafters shown in Fig. 12. Any boy with ordinary skill in the use of carpenters' tools can cut these slabs so as to fit neatly upon the walls and placed so that they will, to all appearances, be 16 genuine solid logs. The bark should be 17 removed from all the timber used in the PUNCHCO den, as it will not only hold dust but serve as a retreat for various pests well known to the housewife, which are liable to enter into any house, but which are difficult to drive out of a room whose walls and ceilings 18 are covered with loose bark. It isn't everybody who can indulge in the luxury of an open fireplace in his den. be a farmer's almanac always But there is a charm about an open fire hanging at the corner of the which has been so often described by mantel. The Farmer's Alma- writers of prose and poetry that I will not nac of 1906 is practically the attempt to enter into any dissertation upon same almanac that our grand- it here. It is only necessary to state the fathers used, the difference be- fact that we all love an open fireplace, and 14 that it adds greatly to the charm, comfort ing only in the date, and not in the make-up of the book. BLAT 15 CONC PARTS DL SIGALO BY DAN BEARD ALL RIGHTS RCSLRVLO PUNCHRON THE STRATEGY OF TENNIS BY JOSHUA CRANE I men that many men have won champion- most of them if their suggestions were ship honors through this quality largely. followed out would benefit not only the While this may be so partly, what becomes beginner but the first-class player also) of this player when he meets a man who there is detailed instruction as to how to is good all round?--not perfect, for then, of hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to course, the latter would always win, but so strike the ball. Every man has his own developed in the different departments of style, no matter how well and carefully he the game that he would have no especial has followed from the very first the advice weakness. Then this former player would of the best professional; but to be in the have nothing to fall back upon, unless he front rank he must have the same general had a settled plan of campaign, a well- groundwork, the same rudiments as the defined strategy. If an opponent has a successful professionals. In other words, weakness, a good general should take ad- he must have a large part of that which vantage of it; but the latter should have a has been the cause of their success, and plan of attack with which to win even that is the general style of game which has against a humanly perfect defense, for even been proved for centuries the best style. such a defense cannot prevent strokes By this is not meant individual idiosyn being won if the right objective is chosen. crasies, but every player knows that the There is no game which combines quick- cut stroke, for instance, is the basis of ness of judgment, accuracy and general- tennis. Not that every one makes it in ship as thoroughly as tennis, although polo exactly the same way, or that it is necessary comes the nearest to it. The reason that to make it in a certain way, but no player polo does not equal it is that tennis is a can become first-class without it. There much more exact game, and can be worked are players who have done well without down to a finer point, as polo from its it, but only because they make up part of very essentials requires a turf field and a the deficiency in some other way, either pony, both of which bring in uncertain ele- by quickness, good judgment, accuracy of ments which are not exact and never can hand and eye, or by excellent physical con be. If they could be, polo would be the dition, which is an essential requisite in a superior combination, on account of the long match. Up to the last few years it team play. was thought necessary by all the best play Tennis may be said to combine the ers not only to know how to cut the ball, exactitude of billiards, co-ordination of but to invariably do so during a match. hand and eye of rackets, and the general- This is as foolish as the old idea of always ship and quick judgment of polo. It is for playing over the lowest part of the net. În this reason that it is impossible for even this, as in everything else concerned with the man who has every qualification in the the game, judgment takes a prominent highest degree to achieve championship part, and it is even more important to form under four or five years of steady know just when to try for a certain ob play. jective and when not to, than to make a A very large part of the game, especially perfect stroke with the head work of an the quick judgment as to where the ball automaton. will strike and the amount of twist or cut It is just this combination of judgment which the other player has given it, is a and stroke which makes a winning player. matter of years' experience, as it is a ques- How often the dedans is heard to remark tion often of inches, which must be deter- on the individual player's beautiful stroke, mined in a fraction of a second of time. and then qualify it by saying that he never Until this instinct which comes from ex- seems to be able to play his game in a perience is acquired, the mind has not time match. Yet how seldom do the individuals to think of all of the components of cut, in the dedans, even though good players, twist, point of impact, speed, and best themselves, think out or plan out their method of attacking the opponent on the style of game, or realize that the reason return, all of which are necessary to win the those strokes do not come off in a match' stroke, and consequently the last suffers. is that the opponent is cramping and out That is, the player may get the ball back generaling him so that they are few and and even perhaps make a good stroke, but far between. It has long been thought the winning objective is overlooked, and that a player should know the weaknesses only a secondarily good objective is at- of and use that knowledge to defeat his tained. opponent, and it is a general idea of sports The strategy of the game is the finishing 115 116 The Outing Magazine one. touch necessary for the player aspiring to must expend considerable energy to keep be first-class, and is the one thing that pro with it; and if he does return it he is badly fessionals do not teach. One may glean out of position, and so near the net that here and there by innumerable conversa practically the only stroke he can win with tions many important points, but it is immediately is the boasted force for the doubtful if any outside the best profes dedans; the latter will hug the floor closely sionals have thought out very seriously -perhaps make a dead nick—and is a very why they play a certain ball for a certain difficult ball to play except with an under- objective, and at another time the same hand straight force for the dedans, an un- ball for a very different one. They do it certain and risky shot to play often, as if as a result of long experience that that play on top of the penthouse-as is most likely will win in the majority of cases. Just as to happen-it is either out on account of the experts at golf found that a long follow the roll and speed, or gives the server a through increased the length of the drive, four to one chance of winning the point. but the reasons given for this by different The fact that the striker-out is so golfers were numerous and amusing. Since cramped usually that he is forced to play snapshots were taken with one two-thou into the forehand corner develops the serv- sandth of a second exposure the reason er's forehand floor stroke and volley at the appears clear, as the ball appears on the expense of his backhand, and is so far a face of the club flattened to a great degree, detriment to the game, especially in the showing that the club must stay in contact case of beginners, who thus may never even with the ball until the face and the ball develop any backhand stroke and yet play have both regained their original form, to a fairly strong winning game. It is a great get the full amount of drive from elasticity. pity that this should be so, for a player If one could imagine the face of the club should spend a large part of his time in being withdrawn faster than the ball re practicing every kind of stroke, especially gained its curvature, the latter would only those in which he is weak, instead of contin- have the velocity that the club had at the ually using the stroke in which he is strong moment of separation, and an inelastic for the sake of winning practice games. golf ball would be driven as far as an elastic If the service, whether low or high, clings to the gallery wall, it is very difficult for the The danger, of course, in analyzing the striker-out to make an effective stroke from cause and effect of details of the game lies it, and the server should have about a three in the fact that it may be carried too far, to one chance of defending a chase success- and the mind so occupied with the result fully or winning the point. of analysis that the perfect whole is lost If the service strikes the floor before sight of among the maze of these results. hitting the grille wall, it gives the striker- Just as a beginner, who is endeavoring with out an excellent opportunity to lay the ball particular concentration to make an ordi dead in the forehand corner, and on this nary cut stroke, may omit to hit the ball account the server should play for above in the middle of his bat because he tries to the nick rather than at it. "The strongest place his left foot in a certain position. service is one that hits the penthouse only Of late years a new style of game has once, then well upon the wall not far from been developing, which in its highest form the corner, and so nearly parallel with the includes the best of the old game, or jeu gallery wall that not much break is neces- classique, but excludes many of its weak sary to draw it into the wall, and so fast The primary cause of this new that the striker-out is compelled to start style, or the American game, as it is called, very quickly and move very fast out to at was the overhand railroad service. This is least chase two. In other words, this kind a development of the underhand railroad, of a service is strongest because it first uses and was used originally with the idea of up the energy of the striker-out, prevents cramping the striker-out, especially when or makes it very difficult for him to volley he was defending a hazard chase, so that with any success, cramps him when he has he could not play into the service side reached the ball, and puts him badly out galleries. Since then it has been taken ad of position after his return. Of course the vantage of by the server not only for these server should be able to vary his service, purposes, but to force the striker-out to play for if there is a hazard side chase a yard, for to the forehand corner, when trying to win instance, he cannot use the best general chases, thus giving the server an easy shot form mentioned, as he might lose the chase for the hazard side galleries in case the on the service. In this case a slower serv- striker-out does not kill the ball on the first ice, with more break or side twist, and stroke. The object of the service is to aimed as low down on the wall as possible, keep the ball close to the gallery wall on is much the best to use, as the striker-out its return from the grille wall, and as low cannot use the service side galleries, and down as possible. Naturally if the ball is cannot usually force as hard for the wall played for the grille wall a foot or two above the nick in the forehand corner of above the floor, some will be a little high, the service side, if the service is low and others a little low; the former will come out slow, and perhaps close to the gallery wall. so far, if the service is as fast as it should There are two things to bear in mind if be in its best form, that the striker-out the overhand railroad service is used: one nesses. The Strategy of Tennis 117 is to always make a chase as soon as possi- ble when on the hazard side, and the other is when on the service side to always try to prevent the striker-out from making a chase. At times the service side may not seem to produce many winning strokes, but if a player will notice when he is watching or playing against a good railroad service, it is very seldom that the striker-out ever wins more than one game consecutively. On the other hand, the server often wins from two to five games without having been ousted from the service side. It is just this possibility which makes it im- perative for a player having a good railroad service to keep, possession of the service side, and to get back there as soon as possi- ble when driven out. The odds in favor of the service side under these conditions are certainly as much as four to three, and it is worth while for the server to play at every difficult ball, even though the odds are against his get- ting it back, rather than let the ball go for a chase, as the old method was. One of the most important things is to remember when playing for an opening to play for the lower part of it and not for the middle. Then if higher than intended it is still in, if lower it is at least a difficult stroke for the opponent. Always use con- siderable speed when going for an opening, even the side galleries, except perhaps on a shot for the door or first galleries over the high part of the net, as the more nearly level the trajectory of the ball, the more accurately can the height of the opening be judged; for if the stroke is slow, both pace and direction must be just right to have the ball drop in on its downward curve, while if it is fast, the direction alone is necessary. This may be illustrated by a rifle bullet. If a rifle shoots absolutely level the direction alone is necessary for a hit; if it is necessary to elevate it, judg- ment of distance from rifle to mark is also necessary. Moreover, when playing for the winning gallery, a severe stroke is much better, as it not only prevents the opponent from going over to defend it, but makes a diffi- cult stroke for him if below the gallery, as the ball is very liable to strike the grille wall close to the nick. One should never play a stroke with such severity that the control of the ball is sacrificed to speed, for although to a certain point speed increases the accuracy, beyond that and every play- er knows himself where that point is in his own case-accuracy suffers. The only ex- ception to this is a ball boasted on the player's own wall, where speed is the only thing which makes the return difficult for the opponent, as a slow boasted ball is the easiest ball for an experienced player to handle, and the twist which remains on the ball makes the return of his return very difficult. When possible one should play for the objective which gives one the point im- mediately, as it not only saves further action and worry for one's self, but has a strong moral effect on the opponent, ren- dering him helpless for the moment, and thus affecting his general play, unless he is of a particularly cool temperament. In the same category might be placed the value of returning everything possible, for noth- ing is more disconcerting to the opponent than to have a seemingly impossible ball returned, as the next time he will feel it necessary to make a still better stroke, which is very apt to result in a miss. To do this successfully, good physical condi- tion is of paramount importance, for not only is the player physically able to play his top game through a hard match, but he will be in a better position mentally, as he is not nearly as likely to get discouraged by hard luck, close decisions against him, or a streak of good play by his opponent. Moreover, the player who gets back the most balls has so much the better chance to win points by the ball dropping into the winning openings, getting nicks or cramp- ing the other player by length. This is why the luck always seems to go with the winning player; some think he wins be- cause of his luck, but in reality it is not in most cases the cause of his winning but the effect of his good play and constant re- turn. One should never try for a short chase except when the return is so easy that one is sure of being able to place it in the corner so accurately that it will at least be diffi- cult for the server to do more than scrape it back. This rule, like every other which can be made, must be broken just often enough to keep the server guessing the point of attack, as if an invariable system of attack is used the server will take ad- vantage of knowing the objective, and be prepared to defend it. A player should never attempt to cut down a fast ball off the back wall, unless trying to win a chase, then no more than is necessary to win that chase, as it is a risk to attempt to make chase two when chase six will do as well. As a general rule, when near either side of the court play a floor stroke for a chase over the low part of the net, or force for the end of the dedans over the high part of the net. This will force the server to try to cover both objectives, which it is impossible for him to do against good play. Once in a great while play this same ball for length over the high part of the net, just to deceive the server. For the same reason force for the diagonally opposite end of the dedans once in a while, though it is not nearly as effective, as the server usually works over that way a little to protect the corner against a floor stroke. A great many players prefer to use the boasted force rather than the straight force, and there is no doubt it is harder to stop if correctly placed, in fact almost im- possible, but the disadvantages more than counterbalance the advantages, except 118 The Outing Magazine when the striker-out has been brought out between the service line and the net, when it is the best stroke, as admitting great severity without danger of hitting the opponent. If the boasted force misses the dedans it is usually an easy stroke for the experienced player, whereas if the straight force is missed, the secondary but impor- tant objective usually is obtained of a chase, though it may be a long one. Suggestions for guidance of the server and striker-out are appended to the article, and while no absolute directions can be given for every case, yet if they are care- fully followed when possible, the individ- ual judgment supplies the rest. The whole strategy of the railroad game may be stated in these words: Place the opponent on the defensive, and the odds are largely in favor of the player on the offensive.' This, of course, is the object of every kind of service, but there is no other, except perhaps a high giraffe, which cannot be handled in such a manner that the striker-out can be reasonably sure of making some chase. All side-wall services can be volleyed successfully when of such length that they will not come off the back wall, and if they do come off, an easy chance to return the service is given. It is of tremendous importance to learn to volley every kind of service, as it not only gives a player confidence and allows him to put the opponent on the defensive, but it will improve his volleying in rallies to a very great extent. Backhand volleying is not usually de- veloped so highly as the forehand on ac- count of this very service volleying, and also because the player using the railroad service gets so much forehand volleying on the service side. The backhand volley should be developed, however, and the best way to do it is to stand on the service side and get a marker to serve slow side- wall services from the hazard side. This will give the player an opportunity, of volleying balls off the penthouse, which is the best practice possible for timing a volley properly. It is certain that there is no good defense against the railroad service, and the best method for the striker-out to employ is, as has been emphasized, to get on the service side and place his opponent in the defen- sive position. One of the most important things in tennis to-day is to learn to volley the rail- road service, not that it can be done suc- cessfully throughout a match, but in order that the player may learn to be practically sure of getting the ball over the net, so that he may volley those balls which are going to strike low down on the grille wall. There is nothing more disconcerting and discour- aging to the striker-out, and consequently sure of opposite effects on the server, than a nick at a critical moment, perhaps when the latter is defending a long chase. Under such circumstances it is better to even toss the ball over the net than to run the risk of a nick or half a nick. It has been stated in objection to this that a great many balls which are taken under this method would strike the floor first and give an easy chance to kill for the striker-out. This may be partly so, as no man can judge the nick exactly, but a good player should judge it so closely, especially if he place himself so that a nick ball will, when coming off the penthouse, pass him at breast height-the easiest height to volley steadily with cut- that very few mistakes would be made. Moreover, by eliminating all nicks or possi- ble nicks the striker-out robs the service of a measure of its terrors, and also throws the server off his length. This method has often caused the server to complain after the match that he was off his serve, not realizing that he was thrown off by the tactics of his opponent. In closing it may be said that some pro- fessionals claim that this style of game is not the best with which to win, while others allow that it is. There is no doubt that for beginners it is a bad game, unless supple- mented by arduous and steady practice, and that it makes the ordinary practice game too strenuous and hard hitting for steady diet, especially for those who play the game for quiet exercise. On the other hand it must be remembered that under the present method of competition in all branches of sport the winning game is the best one, and all progress in sport has come from this very competition, although for everyday use modifications are necessary and wise. WHEN SERVING THE RAILROAD Stand as near to the dedans wall and gallery wall as possible without affecting the stroke by touching the wall with the racquet. When the chase is two or better, do not serve the railroad, but some slow twisting service to cramp the striker-out, but never so as to come off the back wall. On a long chase serve as hard as possible to bring the striker near the net, as when a player is moving fast control is difficult. On a hazard chase use a slow twisting railroad, low on the wall and close to the side wall, so that there is no danger of losing the chase on the serve. As soon as the service is delivered move quickly into position in the middle of the court, behind chase two. (Many players lose the whole effectiveness of the railroad by inattention to this, or waiting to see if the ball is going to nick.) Volley everything possible before it gets to the back wall, especially when the op- ponent is out of position, unless sure that it will be easier off the wall. Learn to volley with a cut, as it steadies the stroke. Any difficult ball in the forehand corner scrape back by a half volley or a volley, using the wall if easier. Starting an Exhibition Kennel 119 Never let a ball make a chase. above the nick in the forehand corner, or Never try to play a difficult stroke off of for the lower part of the opening. a difficult return; always choose the easiest Any service which strikes the floor first, stroke which yet will win the rally. cut down severely with twist into the fore- Volley all low balls in the forehand over hand corner. the high part of the net toward the foot of If you cannot play a good stroke with a the tambour and just slipping it, and slow ball, always put something on it to bother so that they will not come off the back wall. the other man, either speed, twist, or high Vary your hard volley for the grille cor toss. You will be surprised how many he ner occasionally by boasting hard for the will miss. winning gallery corner, especially, if your Force with a cut if possible, usually for opponent is one of those who usually work the lower forehand end of the opening, over toward the grille. varied occasionally by a boasted force, or a Never play an easy ball for the grille un straight force for the backhand end. less defending a chase (then force hard Never play the ball on to the penthouse and low), for the foot of the tambour or or in the net. If you do the former you are winning gallery is not as dangerous, as you getting inattentive or forcing too hard, if will probably win the stroke even if you the latter you are taking too many chances, miss your objective, whereas a missed grille by playing too close to the net.. A little gives an easy return. higher with more cut and twist is just as When defending a short chase by return good. ing a force, block it slow for the tambour Try to win all chases better than two by rather than take any chance of missing, as forcing for the opening, unless you have a it takes a good man to win a short chase very easy ball well up to your shoulder and twice in one rally, and it is difficult for him are perfectly sure you can judge it per- to find the opening successfully if the ball fectly. comes slowly to him on the floor. Do not attempt to make a chase half a yard when you are trying to win a chase better than the second gallery. Many players play exactly the same stroke under Remember to make a chase immediately, both circumstances. no matter how long. The server's vulnerable spots are the Stand so that a nick service will pass you floor over the low part of the net and the breast high, then volley if the ball passes opening over the high part. He cannot you at that height. If it does not you are defend both. in proper position for anything else. Never boast a ball under the winning It may properly be mentioned again here gallery unless absolutely forced to, or some that no absolute rules can be laid down for times when trying to win a short chase, as every case, and variety must be used to this boasted ball, although difficult for the keep the opponent unprepared. The judg- beginner, is one of the easiest balls for the ment to do this at the right time, and to experienced player to return, unless of know when to take chances, are qualities exactly the right length. that transform a mediocre game into a Any fast ball off the back wall play for high-class one. WHEN RECEIVING THE RAILROAD STARTING AN EXHIBITION KENNEL BY JOSEPH A. GRAHAM the beginner should never undertake field trials, either of bird dogs or hounds; much less coursing with greyhounds. These things cost heavily and are uncertain in results, even with the most liberal expendi- ture and the sharpest foresight. Every- body will allow that the field trial or cours- ing game is a higher class of sport and represents more of almost everything which may be called outdoor enjoyment. On the other hand, it calls for some leisure, ex- perience and money, if there is to be a fair degree of success. With a man who wishes to keep a dog or two for companionship or home amuse- ment, advice does not mean a great deal. He would as well drift along according to his own fancy. To him I would say only that nobody should permit himself to own a dog which has not a pedigree and the type of the breed. Mongrels may have their sentimental appeal, but the bend sinister should never be tolerated in polite society. Let us suppose, therefore, that the ex- periment is to be with bench sho When the person involved has formed a distinct bias in favor of a particular breed, he would I 20 The Outing Magazine as well take it up with himself and have it The young exhibitor ought to handle his out on that line. If his choice is unsatis dogs every day, as if they were in the ring. factory, he will get it out of his system once That is, he should make them take and for all and know where he stands. hold the position which shows their points. To others who are in doubt about a selec He should also teach them to be at ease, tion a little counsel may be of service. I lively and free of movement on the lead. suggest that the novice pick one of the A dog which is lively and at the same time smaller breeds. They are kept more easily, obedient in the ring is quite likely to beat mature more quickly and the expense is a competitor which is really a better dog smaller in every direction. The fox terrier but a bad shower. is one of the best in all respects, but it will How to buy a dog is a problem which be a matter of great difficulty for the be cannot be solved with an axiom. If I ginner to do any winning in that breed. could give a final answer to that question, There are so many of these dogs and the I could tell how to buy stocks or real es- big exhibitors have an advantage so de tate. Some men have, by nature, a per- cided that respectable competition has a ception of values; some men can never long chance against it. The cocker spaniel learn. It should be good advice to lay presents something of similar trouble. The down a rule of going to a reliable profes- cocker gives more peace of mind, because sional and asking him to buy you the best he is less quarrelsome. His comparative dog he can for a given amount of money. disadvantage is that his thick coat makes But professionals have their faults. Ev- him a natural host for fleas. The Irish ery one of them is biased in favor of some terrier is an attractive dog and as yet there dogs which he knows. On the inside of are not so many competitors but that an the craft, too, kissing goes by favor. They amateur would have a reasonable chance. are likely to tickle each other when there Pugs are among the easiest dogs to keep, is an understanding. Stable tips are no- but they seem to have lost their attractive toriously untrustworthy. Still, all in all, ness. Íoy spaniels particularly suit lady if you do not yourself understand some- fanciers; first, because they are always thing of the breed—remembering also that stylish and pretty, and, second, because a little knowledge may be dangerous—the they can be kept around the house. Pom best course may be to put yourself in the eranians are a classy little breed, but in hands of the professional. Anyhow, you disposition they seem to me to be the least will learn faster by sticking close to the interesting of all dogs. They are fretful, professionals, and maybe have the better fussy and seldom intelligent. of them by partaking of their hard-earned In caring for a little line of dogs I should lore, at a fraction of what it cost them. under all circumstances have a special In managing your dogs there will not building, however small or crude, instead perhaps be much fun unless you can follow of keeping them in the house, and I should your individual notions on what consti- have a special compartment or cage for tutes enjoyment. There is not perhaps a every dog where it would stay, at least at single thrill in twisting your soul to carry night. The more exercise and freedom out processes which rasp against the grain. they have the better, but I should have it However, I am not your parish priest, but done under careful supervision. a dog man. Whatever your imagination In feeding, a sensible style is to make may invent, a dog is still a dog, and has the usual ration of graham bread with fre none of the attributes which we assign to quent additions of milk and eggs. A little ourselves when we feel mushy. A dog meat once or twice a week is all right. The understands “yes” and is equally com- young fancier's great danger is too much petent to grasp the “no." Outside of that, fat. When a dog is once fat, it is a lot of he is all dog and follows his dog ways. He trouble to reach again anything like good indulges in no mental refinement and will condition. The bitch kept fat is likely to not comprehend many of your changes of quit breeding very young. I remember mood or mind. Whatever you undertake feeding some dogs successfully for several to teach, make it plain, simple and un- months, when I used indifferently white and changeable. It is a pity that he must be graham bread with no other addition than taught not to jump up on people and com- that of a little grease which the cook kept pliment them with his caresses. He means over from her frying operations. well, but must be disciplined sternly into It is an everlasting principle that one knowing that it is not good form under any good dog kept in good shape is worth circumstances. twenty moderate ones. Therefore the nov Make the dog come when you whistle; ice will make the best showing if he con otherwise you will have trouble whenever centrates his money and time on one or you go in the street, and in a variety of two of the finest specimens he can afford. other ways. Beyond these two things, a A poor dog costs as much to keep as a bench-show dog does not need much train- first-class one. Mixing in a trifle of good ing, and, if it is bench-show demeanor you sense, anybody can keep one dog in perfect want, it is better to concentrate on teach- condition as to coat and exhibition shape. ing the animal to stand in position and to When you have five or six, you will find move around on the lead cheerfully and with that it is no fun. vigor, than to undertake any fancy tricks. CONDITION IN THE HORSE, AND HOW TO ATTAIN IT BY F. M. WARE CONOP ONDITION-perfect physical fitness effect, not the cause, of the lack of bodily for the work for which the animal condition which is two-thirds due sheerly is kept — is attained in the horse by a and solely, in the high-bred, nervous, sen- judicious combination and provision of ex sitive horse, to simple homesickness. ercise, feed and grooming; important in Given such a mournful result of the best the order named, but for complete suc of good intentions, we have a job of months cess interdependent. Condition naturally upon our hands to get him right again, and varies with the requirements at issue in the “pink of condition”; and when we that for slow work not being that for do again land him in that desirable haven, racing, etc.—but the same means are al there, in mercy's name and for pity's sake, ways employed in varying degree to reach let him end his days, at least so far as our the desired result, and once that end is service is concerned. It may be beyond secured it is probable that we greatly err, the facts to say that no horse is ever bene- both in regard to the best interests of fited by being turned out, but where one ourselves and our horses, if we ever again is thus helped, ten are injured, if ordinary permit a wide departure from it. The methods obtain. domesticated horse is a very artificial As to exercise, this must depend upon animal, through our mistaken ideas re what a horse is kept for and expected to garding his general care and environment, do, but it must be regular, and any lack of and having taken all means to make him it must be instantly met by a correspond- absolutely dependent upon our fostering ing reduction in both the amount and the care, we at times, with what is really re nourishing quality of the food. If a horse fined if careless cruelty, force him to re in regular work is suddenly laid by, as from sume his primitive habits of life, and, turn lameness or other accident, he must forth- ing him out to grass, having generally with be served with a mild cathartic like a deprived him of his caudal appendage, pint of raw linseed oil, or a mild aloes ball leave him through the long and heated of two or three drachms. Sundays are summer term to furnish a juicy repast to usually rest days, and accordingly, Sat- flies by day and to other insects by night; urday's mid-day and night rations should or in winter condemn him, in equally be light in character as those of the holiday heartless fashion, to the solitary confine itself. Thousands of cases of azoturia are ment of a loose box, and a generally Spar- noticeable in all cities every year, and this tan experience with the weather for which is what troubles nearly all the horses we previous years of pampering have but illy see flat in the street so frequently. Ninety fitted him. The strongest instinct in the per cent. of these cases occur on Mondays, horse is that of home-all his thoughts and for the reason that the careless owners interests lie there and the most wearing have not lessened the feed upon the pre- pain he suffers is that of nostalgia—the vious day, when the hard-working animal longing for the familiar stall and the well was suddenly allowed complete rest. At loved surroundings. What wonder that our least five miles daily is required to keep pets almost invariably return to us from most horses fit, and they are generally all such unhappy experiences mere shadows of the better for a ten-mile pilgrimage be- their former selves, and in such wretched tween breakfast and supper, but every in- bodily condition that it is months before dividual case varies. Some stay in con- they regain their usual health and spirits? dition with but little exercise, and that at We blame the man in charge, poor feed, most irregular intervals; others, the gross, bad stabling, insufficient pasturage, etc., hearty sort, need severe work; others, and overlook entirely the fact that it is again, the light-waisted, “washy” kind- all our own fault, and the direct result of which are not infrequently extremely en- heart-hunger which no grass, grain or roof during despite their infirmity-fade away tree could entirely assuage. Of course the to nothing if regularly used, and, yet when little-used muscles have, from lack of ex "freshened up” by a few days' absolute ercise, shrunk and lost their firmness and idleness will perform really prodigious plumpness; the crest has fallen from the tasks, if they be but done at one "stint" same cause; “poverty lines" appear in and not by various consecutive efforts. the quarters and shoulders; the tail and Pace has much to do with acquiring con- mane are all out of shape, or all worn away; dition and it should always be moderate, the feet stubbed off; the coat dingy and where the subject is being built up and sunburnt; the skin full of all manner of even the over-fat animal is better reduced scars, cuts and abrasions; all these are the by light feeding and mild physic than by I21 I 22 The Outing Magazine were “Stand up, rapid and long-continued exercise, unless (in any connection) is wrong all through he is to be used for racing purposes. and should never be allowed in use. Thank However fast horses are to be used, they goodness, the old-fashioned hissing, slam- should always be started out easily and bang style of groom is passing away—the gradually "got on their feet”-after the ignorant but well-meaning fellow who tied first half mile; and the last half mile should his horse up uncomfortably high, where the always be slow, the last hundred yards or halter was cutting into his thin-skinned so at a walk, that the animal may be ready jaws, cheeks, ears, etc., and who then pro- to do up and put away without unneces ceeded first to scrape his hide loose with a sary fuss—and about half of what custom curry-comb, rattling it over the sensitive decrees the groom shall do to a horse after skin and bones like a man planing a board; work is wholly unnecessary, a waste of pursued the same course with a body- time and annoying to the subject. brush scraped over delicate ears, etc., and There is no doubt that the example fur rubbed up and down the body like a wom- nished by the over-fattened horses in the an scrubbing a floor; followed this with show ring has given us an erroneous im the sharp bristles of a dandy-brush that pression as to the bodily condition suitable picked at the unfortunate gee gee with a for the really hard-working harness or hundred sharp. points; applied then a saddle horse, and that we err in principle damp straw wisp all over the body, with and practice by trying to attain or to pre mighty thumps and bangs that made the serve by means of heavy feeding the gently poor beast reverberate like a drum, or flowing contours of such animals. The writhe like a snake; and wound up the work-a-day steed is bound to be much performance by wiping over the eyes, nos- lighter in Alesh and to be all the better for trils and muzzle with a sponge which had it, and a certain amount of angularity may first been used upon the feet and other be pardoned in view of the increased effi parts needing washing. This we ciency it is likely to bring. An exceptional always told was, when accompanied by case now and then presents itself where much hissing and grunting, an occasional the body remains plump and round, but punch in the ribs, and various gruff orders such a horse is usually fortunate in being to “Kim over, etc., the truly made all over—and underneath-so regular orthodox English way to do the that, while he shrinks, he does it harmon job—therefore right and beyond criticism; iously and without destroying the propor but an acquaintanceship with such methods tions or betraying angularities. There is was sufficient to plainly show the reason no better test of physical fitness than the why so many English and Irish horses are hard muscular feel of the crest and over “mean” to handle in the stable, and the ribs, the bright, clear eye and the treacherous to strangers—and many of our generally cheerful bearing. A very game race horses, especially sensitive to such horse will seemingly present the last ap treatment have, while always docile here, pearance the moment he is conscious that become regular savages when taken abroad; work is at hand, but even then any one while importations here have almost at familiar with his usual appearance will once become as gentle and companionable hardly be deceived, as the countenance, as every high-bred horse naturally is. We while animated, has an anxious and hag have lately studied the individual horse in gard cast that is usually quite unmistak this country (at least among valuable able. animals), but on the other side they are prone to handle all alike; and this "alike' means in the style of our grandfathers, Grooming properly conducted, is when intense in-breeding and high-breed- thorough, searching, yet gentle bodily ing had not made of the creature such a massage, and should always be made as nervous, high-strung, artificial thing as he acceptable and free from annoyance to the is to-day. horse as possible. It is amazing what an The up-to-date groom proceeds quietly effect consideration in this respect has all through. He makes his horse com- upon nervous or irritable thin-skinned fortable to begin with, frequently leaving horses both in condition and temper. his head free. He lightly and quickly Some phlegmatic brutes stolidly allow shampoos him with the body-brush; themselves to be mauled with curry-comb, whisks him over with the dandy-brush; bristle, or goose-quill brush, dandy-brush, straightens the hair, and sets all fair with etc., and doze through a performance that rubber and damp sponge; does most of wou'd seemingly take the paint off a the cleansing of the lower legs with a sponge house; while with others the mere rasp and water, or soap and water; dampens of the body-brush across the curry-comb, and gently brushes mane and tail, and even before the toilet begins, is enough to makes the toilet a pleasure even to the throw them into a paroxysm of nervous, most Occasionally the body- shrinking, dread of the physical torture brush is found too irritating to the animal, (to them) which always follows, making and the dandy-brush of pliant straw, a their grooming an occasion of plunging, straw wisp (dampened), and the rubber squealing, pawing, flinching remonstrance. and sponge are all-sufficient, for in such Any method that visibly annoys a horse horses the hair is always thin and short. GROOMING nervous. Condition in the Horse, and How to Attain It I 23 prac- CLIPPING Washing all over is particularly suitable be done with fetlocks and the long hairs for such subjects, and there is no reason in the ears by regularly using the same why horses should not be bathed and methods, and working a little at a time- washed as regularly as their masters. If heels thus cared for looking much better the fluid is wholesome for the inside or than those showing the harsher outlines outside of man, it is equally so for the which the use of the comb and scissors beast, and no harm ever yet came from produces. Resin should also be used upon washing horses if they were properly dried the hands to wipe thoroughly over all gray afterward. To do this the creature should or roan horses before they are used-thus be quickly and thoroughly scraped all over; getting rid of many loose hairs just ready thick flannel bandages rolled loosely on to be shed upon the owner's clothes, etc. his legs, and a cooler or two and an old A bit of bluing tied up in a rag and dipped hood thrown over him for him to "steam into the water used on white legs and heels, out" in; these to be removed when he is or to remove stains on gray or white nearly dry; the remaining damp spots horses, will help attain the desired end. rubbed out, and dry clothing, according to Nothing but pure water should ever be used needs, put on. In the same way a horse inside or outside the feet, and the greasy afte work may be quickly and thoroughly blacking and oil preparations in such gen- washed, scraped out and put away; he eral favor are filthy, and do not retain a will be cleaner, cool out quicker, and, if smart appearance for half a block, while tired, is saved the irksome dressing to they soil the hand or glove if one tries to which he is too often subjected, and which pick up such a foot. The horn is full of is even more trying to him than it would pores as is the skin, and to fill these reg- be to you under the same circumstances. ularly with grease is an abominable If very tired-exhausted-even this may tice, and one devoid of reason. Soap, be profitably omitted, and he may just be water and massage are the only agents put away with the “rough” wisped off and needed to always insure a perfectly clean left until next day for a complete toilet. horse. Nothing ever happened to you in the old rowing days when you had helped to carry the shell to the rack, and, stripping off the Every horse but the slow draught horse reeking jersey, went headfirst into the should be clipped. We have, as said be- river (even in March) and out for a rub fore, made of him to a great extent an down; and how often in the woods you artificial animal, and the hair should al- have turned in dead-tired, dirty to the ways be removed from all or part of his limit, yet none the worse for that next body, replacing it in times of great ex- morning--and so with your horse. Wash- posure by proper blanketing, even under ing has every advantage for the six warmer the harness if necessary. The horse may months anyhow, and the clipped horse may be clipped all over; or only on the body, equally as well be done over in water with neck and head, leaving the chest, legs, etc. the chill off. If he gets no harm when (as the most generally exposed parts) drenched with rain before your carriage, protected by the natural coat. The ani- or at pasture, what is there to hurt him in mal perhaps looks unsightly to us thus a daily "tub” indoors? His heels must mutilated as to covering, but surely if we always be well dried out, and the bandages accept docked tails and hogged manes used—which are only kept on until he without a murmur, we need not shudder steams out-should come well down to the over the partial clipping--more especially hoofs to insure rapid and equal evapora as the one is a fad of a diseased and dis- tion and consequent drying. The scraping torted taste, the 9ther has every common- after the bath is highly cleansing, and the sense reason for 'its employment. Thus, washed horse is regularly what few other the horse entirely denuded of his hair must horses ever are—thoroughly clean all over. expose his legs to great variations of tem- A groom may shirk his duty, but if he perature—for while we clothe his body, washes and scrapes a horse, that animal we leave the rest of him worse than naked. is clean. Proper and regular dampening Not only is circulation thus interfered with, of the mane and tail will, if it is scanty, do but much discomfort caused the animal, much to promote growth, and the tail and his general condition injured; while especially needs watching in a horse which the bare breast is but seldom, if clipped, is gaining in condition, since it almost protected—with its delicate and sensitive invariably then becomes a little scurfy, mechanism beneath-with the breast cloth and there is a tendency nearly always to which is so easy to put on, so cheap to own, rub it, which a little kerosene emulsion, and so seldom in use. Nor is the winter etc., will do much to set right, and to allay solstice the only period when clipping is the irritation. The tail should be as care effective. Many heavy-coated horses are fully trimmed and trained as the mane, all the better for it in summer- in fact and whether both are long, or pulled and any horse which sweats unduly, and seems banged, or docked, a vast improvement weakened by it, should be gone over at any may be made in their appearance by, a time of year, and as often as necessary. careful and symmetrical trimming with Our erratic climate, the pace we travel and shears and the resined fingers. Much may the condition we would maintain, all com- I 24 The Outing Magazine bine to render the process wholesome, hu- mane and necessary nowadays, whatever it was one hundred, or even ten years ago. The coat may be kept short by heavy blankets, warm stables and plenty of warm or cooked food; but no real benefits result, and the owner is not consulting the welfare of his horses in the matter, but his own fancy. Great care must be taken with all clipped animals, and especially when they have been freshly subjected to the process, to sponge freely the shoulders and pad place, etc. (in harness horses), and where the saddle rests (in riding horses) with the coldest water, not merely sopped on, but applied liberally with a full sponge. This will close the pores of the skin, and prevent the humor or eczema, which is sure to appear at these points unless the skin is thus washed. An astringent lotion may be used if preferred, but has no advantages over simple cold water. Not only is the chafing of harness and saddle irritating to the exposed skin, but the dried sweat and dust, the frequent heating and cooling, tend to upset the natural functions at these points, and a very annoying humor may result. The fashion of leaving the space under the riding saddle untouched has no special merit if the back is always sponged, and if a felt saddle-cloth, which may week- ly be dried, beaten, washed and cleaned, as a saddle panel never is, is always worn, and kept in perfect order. Such an eruption is not contagious, though so general is it in some stables in fall and early winter that such would appear to be the case. Singe- ing of the coat, formerly very general, has now gone almost completely out of use and never had any special merit to begin with. Even the horse exposed to the full severity of rain and snow is better clipped, for once indoors, scraped out and blanketed, he soon “steams out?? dry and warm; while his luckless confrère, who appeared more com- fortable in the downpour outdoors, is either soaking and shivering all night in his long, wet coat, or bathed in sweat in the cover- ings placed upon him to dry him-simply exchanging one kind of moisture for an- other of a most exhausting type. As you walk about the streets if you hear a horse cough you will find seven times in ten that it is an unclipped animal, a victim not improbably of mistaken kindness. decrepit or outclassed, are sent to the auction mart, and there acquired by Laz- arus, who drives a "night-hawk” cab for what there is in it. That very night, all night and every night, foul or fair, these unfortunates stand about the open streets, shivering, sweating, dripping, as chance befalls—but never sick, always ready to work and to eat; should Dives, perchance, again be moved to acquire them, they would half the time in his palatial hot- house stables be on the shelf for repairs. Lazarus, without realizing it, is hygieni- cally correct in his treatment-plenty of fresh air, regular exercise, food in modera- tion, and wholesome exposure; Dives errs in every one of these essentials; results speak for themselves. Our none-too-ac- tive servants maintain the temperature of the stable at what is grateful to their own carcasses, and even as they generally slum- ber sweltering in many mufflings, so do they tuck away their equine charges. Fifty degrees is not too cold for any stable, and lacking direct draughts, two moderate blankets (much warmer than one thick one) should be enough—a sheet being worn al- ways underneath all blankets, as it can so easily be washed, and because what is easy to do is more likely to be done. Day and night blankets should never be the same, and both should be regularly aired, sunned and shaken; properly put' on, by throwing well forward on the neck and then drawing back after buckling, the breast straps—until about six inches above root of tail, which will leave plenty of freedom in front that the shoulders may not be chafed and the fastenings broken. The surcingle or roller should never be drawn tight, for this badly bruises the backbone; possibly, if sharp, may make a sore there; while if the girth is tight when the horse is standing, the pressure will be greatly increased when he lies down, and not improbably therefore prevent him from doing so. A breast-girth (or plate) will keep the slack roller in place. Blan- kets with the girths sewn on are handy, but sure to work back and to chafe the shoulders, besides presenting a most untidy appearance. Summer sheets are always needed in America, if the stables are not darkened, as all (private stables at least) can be, both easily and cheaply; otherwise the swarming flies make the unfortunate denizens miserable, reducing them to a state of nervous exasperation which has its direct effect upon bodily condition and the dollars and cents necessary to maintain it. From six A.m, to six P.M. all stabled horses should be sheeted, but at night are better stripped; nor indeed will the coat be likely to lie close and to look well if unrestricted insect torment is permitted. If, during the period from June to October (in this latitude), our horses need sheets as protection in the stable, not less acutely do they (especially when banged or docked of tail) suffer when at their daily work, and BLANKETING Blanketing is carried not unusually to a foolish excess, and with the usually half- ventilated private and public stable, does more to decimate our already depleted equine supply than any other cause that can be named. Rule-of-thumb and tra- dition govern us almost entirely, or rather dominate our servants who rule over us. Horses need exposure; were framed for it; thrive under it, if only the changes of temperature be not too equent or too sudden. The pampered pets of Dives, Condition in the Horse, and How to Attain It I 25 FIT OF HARNESS BANDAGES MANNER OF DRIVING it is most astounding that some legal pro prevent the vessels of the leg, etc., from vision has not been made by national or becoming engorged, is not the same result state law for the enforced use of fly-nets, likely to obtain in a measure with the not only upon harness but upon saddle veins? Not infrequently one may prick horses. Were our S. P. C. A. officials and with a pin the fetlock or coronet of a ban- patrons other than hopelessly inefficient daged horse, and find that sensation is and impractical, this would years ago absolutely wanting. Like all inventions, have been done, and the wretched and these articles are most valuable at certain idle fad for docking horses reduced as a times, in certain conditions and in ex- torture to a minimum. Such a law would perienced hands, but if left to the judg- be a hardship to no one; would largely ment of the average stableman, they are advance the comfort and proper condition very dangerous and prolific of detrimental of all horses, and since docking apparently after-effects. is not to be prevented, would at least pro- vide for the unhappy subject throughout all the rest of his mutilated career as much The fit of the harness, saddle, bits, etc., or more protection as he ever derived from has much to do with condition. If the his original caudal appendage, and re ho must always work in discomfort he garded merely from a mercenary stand suffers mentally and physically, which re- point, would prove an extremely profitable acts directly upon his condition. Every- investment in the way of enhanced physi thing must fit, be neither too large nor too cal condition and endurance. This whole small, too tight nor too loose, and these matter of protection from insects is one of details will all be taken up next month. the most vital necessities in proper horse It is, if one has not noticed it, amazing keeping, and yet, while so obvious, rarely what a difference in deportment and well- reckoned with. being these unconsidered trifles make; and it is so very simple and easy to have them just right that it is wonderful so few, Bandages, as applied to the average even among those who pose as humani- carriage and saddle horse, are an unmixed tarians, take the very slightest trouble evil, and save when a horse is drying out about it. after washing, etc., have small place in sensible stable management. During the past few years a perfect mania has arisen The manner of driving or riding has a to bandage every leg on every horse every strong bearing on condition, and we can time there is a chance, and a great boon it see every day thousands of examples to has been to the bandage makers and the this effect on the streets anywhere. Given cotton-batting purveyors. No sooner does two horses having the same care, food, etc., an animal arrive fresh from his country both physically able and performing iden- home, than his legs are forthwith wrapped tical tasks, yet driven by two different in bandages, and these he wears all days men-one is always fat, composed, and and most nights, until the vessels are so tranquil; the other nervous, agitated, anx- relaxed that, without the artificial support, ious, and in consequence thin and out of his ankles fill, and sometimes the dropsied condition. What is the reason? Noth- effect extends almost to knees and hocks. ing but the different handling-lack of No one can give a sensible reason for the sympathy, of any horse sense or horse- proceeding—it is merely a fad that has man's instinct in the driver of the latter. been caught up from some one who thus Why is the average livery-stable or riding- exploited some celebrated show horse, school horse haggard of eye, anxious of possibly so decrepit that he needed cunning countenance, almost always thin and worn? support to his extremities, but more than Not lack of food nor overwork—just mental probably handicapped by the application worry and the nervous overstrain of trying intended to assist. Cripples of course there to please a lot of thoughtless people, most are, whom bandaging helps, but such are of whom wholly lack horse sense and are unlikely to be found in rivate stables, proud of it. Do what you will in the way let grooms say what they will, and certain of care, etc., the handling the horse re- ly no amateur is likely to buy any such ceives has greatly to do with his physical beast; while the fresh-from-the-country welfare. Perfect condition is not a mere kind never need the appliances. It is very matter of so much food, so much water, likely that much of the trouble which is a warm bed, a tight roof. It depends, as had with horses' feet nowadays arises from does everything else in life and in our re- this idiotically overdone practice, for so lations with other men and all beasts, upon tight are they drawn and so greatly does the little things, the unconsidered trifles, each turn about the leg increase the pres and lucky is he who has the interest, the sure that the circulation is very seriously patience, the intuition to investigate close- interfered with for hours at a time, and the ly, to discern clearly, and to apply intelli- hoof and adjacent parts nourished very gently, for he shall reap his reward in imperfectly. If we put on bandages to countless ways, and in various associations, ROD AND GUN - ONE WORM FISHING FOR tied to a fine snell of the same thickness as the leader. This completes the outfit. BROOK TROUT It is a great mistake to use split shot to sink the worm. The bait should at all ADVICE TO "PLUMPERS”. times float on the surface like a fly. Trout always rise to a worm (and will never fol- BY LOUIS RHEAD low it to the bed of the brook, even in deep water), providing the angler is out of NE out of every twenty brook trout sight. anglers uses the fly; the rest fish with In baiting the hook never put on a great worms. Only one of the nineteen is an ex bunch of three or four worms; it is not perienced worm fisherman; the remaining half as effective as a small single live worm. ones are what I shall term “plumpers, With a big bunch some time must elapse who only make a practice of fishing during before the fish swallows it, and then if a a short vacation in the summer. It is to small fish is landed he has to be killed to these plumpers (so called because they only extract the hook. Large fish will swim know how to plump a worm into the water around a bunch of worms as if doubtful and yank a trout back again) that I wish about touching it, because in nature no to present a few ideas whereby they may such thing happens, whereas a single worm get some real sport, instead of being merely only half impaled on the hook with the butchers intent only on slaughter. tail wriggling around arouses an instant They soon get to know by experience desire to seize it quickly. To properly that brook trout, even when fully gorged, hook a worm it should be worked right cannot resist a live, wriggling worm. over the hook until it is entirely covered. Therefore it is only an idiot who fails to That will nearly insure the barb's piercing land them. There is infinitely more shame the lips instead of the hook being swal- than pride in having a photograph taken lowed. by the side of a long string of trout Rebait every time a fish is caught, often the greater part being little above the oftener if necessary. Never have ragged size allowed by law to be taken. I advo parts left on the hook. All parts of dead cate giving the fish a fair show and getting worms should be removed. Have noth- some real sport out of the game. Legiti- ing on the hook but the single live worm, mate worm fishing is an art easily learned, with one third wriggling. Most expert bait giving ample pleasure and playing to the anglers scour their worms, always having angler. a large supply on hand in a good-sized tin În the small, swift-running brooks that can, having one fourth filled up with a tumble over rocks and sunken tree trunks, sandy soil, and on top lay some damp moss, where the water swirls in foamy circles, soaked well with milk and a few pieces of the tackle should be of the lightest and bread. In a few days the worms will hard- daintiest description-a four-ounce, eight en and become lighter in color. When foot rod that is not too long and getting ready to start have the bait box wrapped everlastingly entangled overhead; that is round the waist and a part of the worms easy to guide through brambles and laurel put in the box. Now that all is ready we bushes—such a rod is invaluable. Have will make our way toward the stream or the line to match-the thinnest and lightest mountain brook not more than twelve in weight; also have the reel very small, feet wide, nor more than a foot and a half with a stiff click to retard any rushes under deep, except in the pools made by logs low branches or fallen logs. . Trout always and rocks. Step lightly into the water and dart off, if possible, to hiding places where from the middle of the brook cast the it is difficult to dislodge or get at them. worm gently, without a splash, to the right The best leader for this fishing should be bank, having the line the same length as very fine indeed, and only three feet long, the rod. Work the bait in a semicircle as it often happens that the tip cannot be to the left bank. If no fish take it reel raised because of overhanging, branches, out another six feet of line, thus covering and a long leader cannot be reeled in close a further distance, and draw it slowly enough to get the net under the fish. A across to the other side. The force of the willow net with rubber ring to fit on the water keeps the bait on the surface in sight wrist is advisable; especially so when the of the angler. If a fish takes the bait he fish run to a good size, of from ten to fif will rush to the bank as he sees the angler; teen inches, for it often happens that when he will not run up stream. such a fish is hooked there is no place in If the fish is a ten-inch trout slightly sight where one can lead him out of the check the line, but hold him from going water on to the beach. a distance; then turn him and gradually The hooks cannot be too small, and a reel until he is near enough to place the liberal number should be supplied, and net under him. Now rebait with a fresh - 126 Rod and Gun 127 а worm, and take a few steps forward and the surface, they may at times be found repeat the same movements as before, in only four inches of water, sometimes taking care, however, to use the utmost good-sized fish, so that the bait should be caution in moving down stream-no floun Hoated in every direction by the force of dering about or waving the rod. Let the the running water. In places of this kind water carry the bait forward after the side it is well to have a longer line out, es- cast is made, and keep a steady eye on pecially in open and sunny spots. At the bait. As you move along, on coming every short distance examine the hook to to a tree trunk lying across the brook, see that the point is not blunted or broken which forms a deep pool, lengthen the line by the stones, and the bait at all times (keeping some distance away) and let it must be alive and well placed on the hook. run its course. The eddies will carry it The angler must be on the alert every just where the trout lies. If he takes it minute, though no strike is necessary in he will surely run under the log and pos bait fishing for brook trout. They firmly sibly get free, unless a sharp watch is kept hook themselves every time they go at on his movements and he is stopped by lead the bait, but the line should instantly be ing him to shallow water-gradually raising tightened. Then their chances of getting the tip of the rod as the line is reeled in. away are reduced to a minimum. At times there are places where branches Some seasons ago I had the privilege of lie in the water. Such a place as this is fishing the upper Mongaup in private water always a favorite trout lair. They seem to for about a mile. Only eight feet wide and know that it is impossible to get them or two feet deep, the water rushed along ra- get at them there or even to float the bait pidly through a continuous line of laurel down to the right spot. Such branches bushes which made it necessary to use often get in the way of those little circles bait. Had the fish not been a good size of foam underneath which a trout is sure (nearly all fourteen inches) I could have to hide. To surmount such difficulties it filled my basket in half an hour; as it was, is a good plan to flirt the bait between the every fish I hooked darted off at a lively branches by holding the baited hook in the gait, making it necessary to give line, as left hand, and, with the rod held lightly, well as follow on; so that the morning's making it bend in a half circle, then sud catch of twelve fish averaged twenty min- denly let go the bait, shooting as near the utes' splendid play for each fish, and I can desired spot as possible. After a little safely say not one gorged the bait, all being practice, this trick can be played with ex hooked on the lips. cellent results. My first teacher on It is a rare thing to find large trout in trout stream, by long practice, could place well-fished brooks, unless they lie in the a worm in any given spot desired within deep pool of a waterfall or one made by half an inch, every time. He would have fallen tree trunks. These old fellows are six feet of line from an eight-foot rod, wary. They always go for the bait once, stealthily creep up, and gauge with his eye get hooked, and get off by some trick the exact distance he wanted to reach. I known only to themselves, till some day have often used this ficking method with an experienced angler comes along. Know- success in fly fishing, when obstacles were ing just where they lie, he prepares ac- so great that casting was out of the ques- cordingly. I once hooked a large rainbow tion. But the motion requires some little trout six times before landing him- so practice to do it accurately and avoid the clever and expert had he become. He branches. Fish, trout especially, love to would make a sudden dart, take the bait lie in shady spots, beneath laurel bushes clean off before I had time to respond, and and other impediments that make it diffi never venture a second time on the same cult for the angler to reach them; and they day, and after all I hooked him on the fly. will seldom let him get nearer than twelve He was beautifully marked, measuring feet, but dart away up stream if possible. eighteen inches. He had no doubt grown On coming to one of those many plank up in this small pool not more than ten bridges which cross the brooks, it is best feet square, but quite six feet deep. to leave the water, going around below the All anglers, experts or duffers, are greatly bridge, and fish up stream, under it, using indebted to the state authorities for stock- the ficker to avoid frightening the fish, ing the waters so plentifully. Even if a which always lie with head up stream. brook is not stocked they will run up from Under these dark bridges there usually lie the larger streams which are stocked. I a number of trout, and, if not scared away, do not advocate fishing as soon as the sea- they can, one by one, be taken. son opens; it is better to wait a week or two In these small brooks one of the most -tilf the first to the fifteenth of May, when important things to remember is to keep the water is perfectly clear and snow water out of sight. Trout dash away a distance has run off. Snow furries and ice remain of fifty feet in no time, and it is no use to longer than in lower altitudes—though it follow, and the only way is to leave them is true brooks clear much earlier than the for another visit later on. As we wade larger rivers. In both cases the cream of down stream, and cover every part, they trout fishing is from May to June. Fly often lie in most unlikely places—in low, fishing is best during the month of June. rippling water, where the pebbles are above The water does not begin to fall low until 128 The Outing Magazine June 15th and early July. After that that bunches of three and four worms are date little brook fishing can be done. The unnatural, and do not float down stream large fish have been taken by a long suc tied together in a knot. This is one of the cession of anglers or they have dropped most frequent mistakes made by beginners. down to deeper pools in the larger streams Were they to consider awhile they would to feed on flies or young minnows. realize that the most success comes from My plan of going to the same streams exact imitation of nature. year after year has both good and bad When you do get a large fish on, stand points. I know, like a book, where they firm, raise the tip and have command of lie, and where each pool is, and that each the reel, ready at any moment to wind in pool is dominated by a fish till he is cap at the slightest sign of weakness. Reel tured, when after a day or so another fish slowly and give him line if he wants it. takes his place—to be, in time, captured Meanwhile have the net ready for when he likewise. We get to love certain pools as is brought up. If no net is carried en- we go down stream-pools where we had deavor to lead the fish to a shallow place luck preceding seasons and expect to have near the bank and lift him along the peb- it again; and we also know well where to bles out of the water, but not before the stop and the places to skip—which are line is reeled in as far as possible—then barren. you have more command over the fish as Bait fishing in larger streams fifty or well as the rod. sixty feet across calls for entirely different Worm fishing is in many respects the work. One does not proceed so rapidly, exact opposite of fly fishing. The latter and is bothered more with small finger method makes it necessary to keep the lings, which should be whipped off to avoid nose of the fish above water, whereas gorging the brook. Small trout seem to be worm fishing requires it to be kept under much more inclined to swallow at a gulp water as far as it is possible. than large fish. Large streams, if wad To conclude with a few salient, import- able, should be fished from the middle, the ant things to bear in mind at all times: bait cast to the left bank and floated around Have small hooks, and have the barb in a semicircle to the right, the line let out sharp as a needle; fine tackle without according to the distance to each bank. badly, tied knots; the worms carefully As the river is mostly open and sunny, a placed around the hook, always alive and gentle cast so that the bait drops lightly kicking; and, most important of all, con- right under the bank is better. More fish stant watchfulness and alertness at the lie at the sides than in the middle of the half second a fish takes the bait, and then streams, as they get a larger supply of food firm, delicate handling to guide him to the at the sides. Floating bugs, worms and in net. Keep out of sight as much as pos- sects are caught in the shore eddies and sible; wade along without splashing and are taken by the fish, who lie in waiting floundering about. and rise every time anything appears. Al Worm fishing is the simplest, most prim- ways have the worm drop into these ed itive method of trout fishing; anybody dies, and allow it to float some distance can fill his creel with nice fish if he use down-at least forty feet from the tip. a little thought and care. Trout are so At every few steps forward lead the bait timid, yet such bold biters and brave right across from side to side. fighters, that many fish are lost through the whole water may be covered. No bungling methods and poor tackle. Many parts should be skipped, especially around more fish are not taken because the angler large bowlders and rocks, from which the shows too much of his manly form. In water turns and makes runways and rap large streams, especially open ones that ids. These are sure to yield a number are free from foliage, it is difficult to get at of fish. If not, it is unnecessary to go the fish because they see the angler plainly over the same ground twice. If fish do outlined against the sky at a considerable not respond to the first cast they are not distance, and off they go like deer. For to be taken with the second cast-move that reason the longer line is necessary. right on. Personally, in these later years I rarely For such fishing a longer rod than the use the worm, finding much greater pleas- eight-foot brook rod is necessary; ure in casting the fly, and it is certainly nine feet and a half is none too long; also just as effective. But there are times when better results may be had if the hooks and worms are absolutely necessary if one wants tackle are slightly larger. But keep the to secure the quarry, and that should al- bait a reasonable size, using as heretofore ways be limited in numbers, that the next a single live worm. It is the greatest mis who comes along may in his turn also have take to imagine old fish are much more a chance to get a fair share of sport and wary than young fish, but they do know pleasure in the game. In this way one Ε M AY Painting by Frank E. Schoonover, “They can come in and get me now." THE O U TI N G MAGAZINE Vol. XLVIII Number 2 MAY, 1906 WHITE FANG* BY JACK LONDON ILLUSTRATED BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER PART 1-THE WILD THE TRAIL OF THE MEAT D CHAPTER 1 futility of life and the effort of life. It was the Wild, the savage, frozen-hearted North- land Wild. ARK spruce forest frowned on either But there was life, abroad in the land side the frozen waterway. The and defiant. Down the frozen waterway trees had been stripped by a recent toiled a string of wolfish dogs. Their wind of their white covering of frost, and bristly fur was rimed with frost. Their they seemed to lean toward each other, breath froze in the air as it left their mouths, black and ominous, in the fading light. A spouting forth in spumes of vapor that vast silence reigned over the land. The settled upon the hair of their bodies and land itself was a desolation, lifeless, with formed into crystals of frost. Leather har- out movement, so lone and cold that the ness was on the dogs, and leather traces at- spirit of it was not even that of sadness. tached them to a sled which dragged along There was a hint in it of laughter, but of a behind. The sled was without runners. laughter more terrible than any sadness, It was made of stout birch-bark, and its a laughter that was mirthless as the smile full surface rested on the snow. The front of the sphinx, a laughter cold as the frost end of the sled was turned up, like a scroll, and partaking of the grimness of infallibil- in order to force down and under the bore ity. It was the masterful and incommuni- of soft snow that surged like a wave before cable wisdom of eternity laughing at the it. On the sled, securely lashed, was a * Copyright, 1905, by Jack London. long and narrow oblong box. There were Copyrighted, 1906, by the OUTING Publishing Company. All rights reserved. 130 The Outing Magazine second cry. other things on the sled—blankets, an axe, An hour went by, and a second hour. and a coffee-pot and frying-pan; but prom The pale light of the short, sunless day was inent, occupying most of the space, was beginning to fade, when a faint, far cry the long and narrow oblong box. arose on the still air. It soared upward In advance of the dogs, on wide snow with a swift rush, till it reached its top- shoes, toiled a man. At the rear of the sled most note, where it persisted, palpitant toiled a second man. On the sled, in the and tense, and then slowly died away. It box, lay a third man, whose toil was over might have been a lost soul wailing, had it a man whom the Wild had conquered and not been invested with a certain sad fierce- beaten down until he would never move ness and hungry eagerness. The front man nor struggle again. It is not the way of turned his head until his eyes met the eyes the Wild to like movement. Life is an of the man behind. And then, across the offense to it, for life is movement; and the narrow, oblong box, each nodded to the Wild aims always to destroy movement. other. It freezes the water to prevent it running A second cry arose, piercing the silence to the sea; it drives the sap out of the trees with needle-like shrillness. Both men lo- till they are frozen to their mighty hearts; cated the sound. It was to the rear, some- and most ferociously and terribly of all where in the snowy expanse they had just does the Wild harry and crush into sub traversed. A third and answering cry mission man-man, who is the most rest arose, also to the rear and to the left of the less of life, ever in revolt against the dic- tum that all movement must in the end “They're after us, Bill,” said the man at come to the cessation of movement. the front. But at front and rear, unawed and in His voice sounded hoarse and unreal, domitable, toiled the two men who were and he had spoken with apparent effort. not yet dead. Their bodies were covered "Meat is scarce,” answered his comrade. with fur and soft-tanned leather. Eye- “I ain't seen a rabbit sign for days." lashes and cheeks and lips were so coated Thereafter they spoke no more, though with the crystals from their frozen breath their ears were keen for the hunting-cries that their faces were not discernible. This that continued to 'rise behind them. gave them the seeming of ghostly masques, At the fall of darkness they swung the undertakers in a spectral world at the fu- dogs into a cluster of spruce trees on the neral of some ghost. But under it all they edge of the waterway and made a camp. were men, penetrating the land of desola The coffin, at the side of the fire, served for tion and mockery and silence, puny adven seat and table. The wolf-dogs, clustered turers bent on colossal adventure, pitting on the far side of the fire, snarled and bick- themselves against the might of a world ered among themselves, but evinced no as remote and alien and pulseless as the inclination to stray off into the darkness. abysses of space. “Seems to me, Henry, they're stayin' re- They traveled on without speech, saving markable close to camp," Bill commented. their breath for the work of their bodies. Henry, squatting over the fire and set- On every side was the silence, pressing tling the pot of coffee with a piece of ice, upon them with a tangible presence. It nodded. Nor did he speak till he had taken affected their minds as the many atmos his seat on the coffin and begun to eat. pheres of deep water affect the body of the "They know where their hides is safe,” diver. It crushed them with the weight he said. "They'd sooner eat grub than of unending vastness and unalterable de be grub. They're pretty wise, them dogs." cree. It crushed them into the remotest Bill shook his head. “Oh, I don't recesses of their own minds, pressing out know." of them, like juices from the grape, all the His comrade looked at him curiously. false ardors and exaltations and undue self “First time I ever heard you say anything values of the human soul, until they per about their not bein' wise.” ceived themselves finite and small, specks "Henry," said the other, munching with and motes, moving with weak cunning and deliberation the beans he was eating, "did little wisdom amidst the play and inter you happen to notice the way them dogs play of the great blind elements and forces. kicked up when I was a-feedin' 'em?” White Fang 131 "They did cut up more 'n usual," Henry turning the silence into a bedlam. From acknowledged. every side the cries arose, and the dogs be- “How many dogs 've we got, Henry?" trayed their fear by huddling together and “Six." so close to the fire that their hair was "Well, Henry, .. Bill stopped for scorched by the heat. Bill threw on more a moment, in order that his words mightwood, before lighting his pipe. gain greater significance. "As I was “I'm thinkin' you're down in the mouth sayin', Henry, we've got six dogs. I took some," Henry said. six fish out of the bag. I gave one fish to "Henry, He sucked medita- each dog, an', Henry, I was one fish short." tively at his pipe for some time before “You counted wrong. he went on. “Henry, I was a-thinkin' "We've got six dogs,” the other reit what a blame sight luckier he is than you erated dispassionately. "I took out six an' me'll ever be.” fish. One Ear didn't get no fish. I come He indicated the third person by a down- back to the bag afterward an' got 'm his ward thrust of the thumb to the box on fish.” which they sat. “We've only got six dogs," Henry said. “You an' me, Henry, when we die we'll “Henry,” Bill went on. “I won't say be lucky if we get enough stones over our they was all dogs, but there was seven of carcasses to keep the dogs off of us." 'em that got fish.” "But we ain't got people an' money an’ Henry stopped eating to glance across all the rest, like him," Henry rejoined. the fire and count the dogs. "Long-distance funerals is somethin' you “There's only six now," he said. an’ me can't exactly afford.” "I saw the other one run off across the “What gets me, Henry, is what a chap snow," Bill announced with cool positive- like this, that's a lord or something in his ness. “I saw seven.” own country, and that's never had to Henry looked at him commiseratingly, bother about grub nor blankets, why he and said, “I'll be almighty glad when this comes a-buttin'round the God-forsaken trip's over." ends of the earth-that's what I can't ex- “What d'ye mean by that?” Bill de actly see.” manded. "He might have lived to a ripe old age “I mean that this load of ourn is gettin' if he'd stayed to home," Henry agreed. on your nerves, an' that you're beginnin' Bill opened his mouth to speak, but to see things.” changed his mind. Instead, he pointed "I thought of that,” Bill answered toward the wall of darkness that pressed gravely. “An' so, when I saw it run off about them from every side. There was across the snow, I looked in the snow an' no suggestion of form in the utter black- saw its tracks. Then I counted the dogs ness; only could be seen a pair of eyes an' there was still six of 'em. The tracks gleaming like live coals. Henry indicated is there in the snow now. D’ye want to with his head a second pair, and a third. look at 'em? I'll show 'em to you." A circle of the gleaming eyes had drawn Henry did not reply, but munched on in about their camp. Now and again a pair silence, until, the meal finished, he topped of eyes moved, or disappeared to appear it with a final cup of coffee. He wiped his again a moment later. mouth with the back of his hand and said: The unrest of the dogs had been increas- “Then you're thinkin' as it was ing, and they stampeded, in a surge of sud- A long, wailing cry, fiercely sad, from den fear, to the near side of the fire, cring- somewirere in the darkness, had interrupted ing and crawling about the legs of the men. him. He stopped to listen to it, then he In the scramble, one of the dogs had been finished his sentence with a wave of his overturned on the edge of the fire, and it hand toward the sound of the cry, “Gone had yelped with pain and fright as the of 'em?” smell of its singed coat possessed the air. Bill nodded. “I'd a blame sight sooner The commotion caused the circle of eyes think that than anything else. You noticed to shift restlessly for a moment and even yourself the row the dogs made." to withdraw a bit, but it settled down Cry after cry, and answering cries, were again as the dogs became quiet. 132 The Outing Magazine y ) “Henry, it's a blame misfortune to be "Nothin',” came the answer; "only out of ammunition.” there's seven of 'em again. I just count- Bill had finished his pipe and was help- ed.” ing his companion spread the bed of fur and Henry acknowledged receipt of the in- blanket upon the spruce boughs which he formation with a grunt that slid into a had laid over the snow before supper. snore as he drifted back into sleep. Henry grunted, and began unlacing his In the morning it was Henry who awoke moccasins. first and routed his companion out of bed. “How many cartridges did you say you Daylight was yet three hours away, though had left?” he asked. it was already six o'clock; and in the dark- “Three,” came the answer. "An' 1 ness Henry went about preparing break- wisht 'twas three hundred. Then I'd show fast, while Bill rolled the blankets and 'em what for, damn 'em!” made the sled ready for lashing. He shook his fist angrily at the gleaming "Say, Henry," he asked suddenly, "how eyes, and began securely to prop his moc many dogs did you say we had?” casins before the fire. "Six.” "An’I wisht this cold snap 'd break,” he "Wrong," Bill proclaimed triumphantly. went on. "It's ben fifty below for two “Seven again?" Henry queried. weeks now. An' I wisht I'd never started “No, five; one's gone.” on this trip, Henry. I don't like the looks “The hell!” Henry cried in wrath, leav- of it. It don't feel right, somehow. An’ ing the cooking to come and count the dogs. while I'm wishin', I wisht the trip was over “You're right, Bill,” he concluded. an' done with, an' you an’ me a-sittin' by “Fatty's gone.” the fire in Fort McGurry just about now an’ “An' he went like greased lightnin' once playin' cribbage—that's what I wisht.” he got started. Couldn't 've seen 'm for Henry grunted and crawled into bed. smoke.” As he dozed off he was aroused by his com “No chance at all," Henry concluded. rade's voice. “They jes' swallowed 'm alive. I bet he “Say, Henry, that other one that come was yelpin' as he went down their throats, in an' got a fish-why didn't the dogs pitch damn 'em!” into it? That's what's botherin' me.” “He always was a fool dog," said Bill. “You're botherin' too much, Bill,” came "But no fool dog ought to be fool enough the sleepy response. “You was never like to go off an' commit suicide that way.” this before. You jes’ shut up, now, an' go He looked over the remainder of the team to sleep, an' you'll be all hunkydory in with a speculative eye that summed up in- the mornin'. Your stomach's sour, that's stantly the salient traits of each animal. what's botherin' you." “I bet none of the others would do it.” The men slept, breathing heavily, side by “Couldn't drive 'em away from the fire side, under the one covering. The fire died with a club," Bill agreed. "I always did down, and the gleaming eyes drew closer think there was somethin' wrong with the circle they had flung about the camp. Fatty, anyway." The dogs clustered together in fear, now And this was the epitaph of a dead dog and again snarling menacingly as a pair on the Northland trail-less scant than the of eyes drew close. Once, their uproar be- epitaph of many another dog, of many a came so loud that Bill woke up. He got out of bed carefully, so as not to disturb the CHAPTER II sleep of his comrade, and threw more wood on the fire. As it began to flame up, the THE SHE-WOLF circle of eyes drew farther back. He glanced casually at the huddling dogs. He rubbed Breakfast eaten and the slim camp-outfit his eyes and looked at them more sharply. lashed to the sled, the men turned their Then he crawled back into the blankets. backs on the cheery fire and launched out "Henry," he said. "Oh, Henry." into the darkness. At once began to rise Henry groaned as he passed from sleep the cries that were fiercely sad—cries that to waking, and demanded, “What's wrong called through the darkness and cold to now?" one another and answered back. Con- ) man. White Fang 133 versation ceased. Daylight came at nine staring at the fire and Bill at the circle of o'clock. At midday the sky to the south eyes that burned in the darkness just be- warmed to rose-color, and marked where yond the fire-light. the bulge of the earth intervened between “I wisht we was pullin' into McGurry the meridian sun and the Northern world. right now," he began again. But the rose-color swiftly faded. The gray “Shut up your wishin' an' your croak- light of day that remained lasted until in'," Henry burst out angrily. "Your three o'clock, when it, too, faded, and the stomach's sour. That's what's ailin' you. pall of the arctic night descended upon the Swallow a spoonful of sody, an' you'll lone and silent land. sweeten up wonderful an' be more pleasant As darkness came on, the hunting cries company. to right and left and rear drew closer-so In the morning Henry was aroused by close that more than once they sent surges fervid blasphemy that proceeded from the of fear through the toiling dogs, throwing mouth of Bill. Henry propped himself up them into short-lived panics. on an elbow and looked to see his comrade At the conclusion of one such panic, when standing among the dogs beside the re- he and Henry had got the dogs back in the plenished fire, his arms raised in objura- traces, Bill said: tion, his face distorted with passion. "I wisht they'd strike game somewheres, “Hello!” Henry called. “What's up an' go away an' leave us alone.” now?” “They do get on the nerves horrible,” “Frog's gone,” came the answer. Henry sympathized. “No!” They spoke no more until camp was “I tell you yes.” made. Henry leaped out of the blankets and Henry was bending over and adding ice to the dogs. He counted them with care to the bubbling pot of beans when he was and then joined his partner in cursing the startled by the sound of a blow, an ex powers of the Wild that had robbed them clamation from Bill, and a sharp, snarling of another dog. cry of pain from among the dogs. He “Frog was the strongest dog of the straightened up in time to see a dim form bunch," Bill pronounced finally. disappearing across the snow into the "An' he was no fool dog neither,” Henry shelter of the dark. Then he saw Bill, added. standing amid the dogs, half triumphant, And so was recorded the second epitaph half crestfallen, in one hand a stout club, in two days. in the other the tail and part of the body of * A gloomy breakfast was eaten, and the a sun-cured salmon. four remaining dogs were harnessed to "It got half of it,” he announced; "but the sled. The day was a repetition of I got a whack at it jes’ the same. D'ye the days that had gone before. The men hear it squeal?" toiled without speech across the face of the “What 'd it look like?" Henry asked. frozen world. The silence was unbroken “Couldn't see. But it had four legs an' save by the cries of their pursuers, that, a mouth an' hair an' looked like any dog." unseen, hung upon their rear. With the “Must be a tame wolf, I reckon." coming of night in the mid-afternoon the "It's damned tame, whatever it is, cries sounded closer, as the pursuers drew comin' in here at feedin' time an' gettin' in according to their custom; and the dogs its whack of fish.” grew excited and frightened, and were That night, when supper was finished guilty of panics that tangled the traces and and they sat on the oblong box and pulled further depressed the two men. at their pipes, the circle of gleaming eyes “There, that 'll fix you fool critters," drew in even closer than before. Bill said with satisfaction that night, stand- "I wisht they'd spring up a bunch of ing erect at completion of his task. moose or something, an' go away an' leave Henry left his cooking to come and see. us alone,” Bill said. Not only had his partner tied the dogs up, Henry grunted with an intonation that but he had tied them, after the Indian was not all sympathy, and for a quarter of fashion, with sticks. About the neck of an hour they sat on in silence, Henry each dog he had fastened a leather thong. 134 The Outing Magazine To this, and so close to the neck that the The fire crackled. A log fell apart with dog could not get his teeth to it, he had a loud, spluttering noise. At the sound of tied a stout stick four or five feet in length. it the strange animal leaped back into the The other end of the stick, in turn, was darkness. made fast to a stake in the ground by “Henry, I'm a-thinkin',” Bill announced. means of a leather thong. The dog was "Thinkin' what?” unable to gnaw through the leather at his "I'm a-thinkin' that was the one I lam- own end of the stick. The stick prevented basted with the club." him from getting at the leather that fast “Ain't the slightest doubt in the world,” ened the other end. was Henry's response. Henry nodded his head approvingly. "An' right here I want to remark,” Bill "It's the only contraption that 'll ever went on, “that that animal's familiarity hold One Ear," he said. “He can gnaw with camp fires is suspicious an' immoral.” through leather as clean as a knife an' jes’ “It knows for certain more 'n a self- about half as quick. They all 'll be here respectin' wolf ought to know,” Henry in the mornin' hunkydory.” agreed. "A wolf that knows enough to "You jes' bet they will,” Bill affirmed, come in with the dogs at feedin' time has "If one of 'em turns up missin' I'll go with had experiences." out my coffee.” “Ol' Villan had a dog once that run "They jes' know we ain't loaded to away with the wolves,” Bill cogitated aloud. kill,” Henry remarked at bedtime, indi “I ought to know. I shot it out of the cating the gleaming circle that hemmed pack in a moose pasture over on Little them in. "If we could put a couple of Stick. An' Ol Villan cried like a baby. shots into 'em they'd be more respectful. Hadn't seen it for three years, he said. They come closer every night. Get the Ben with the wolves all that time.” fire-light out of your eyes an' look hard “I reckon you've called the turn, Bill. there! Did you see that one?” That wolf's a dog, an' it's eaten fish many's For some time the two men amused the time from the hand of man." themselves with watching the movement of “An' if I get a chance at it, that wolf vague forms on the edge of the fire-light. that's a dog'll be jes' meat,” Bill de- By looking closely and steadily at where a clared. “We can't afford to lose no more pair of eyes burned in the darkness, the animals.” form of the animal would slowly take "But you've only got three cartridges," shape. They could even see these forms Henry objected. move at times. “I'll wait for a dead sure shot," was the A sound among the dogs attracted the reply. men's attention. One Ear was uttering In the morning Henry renewed the fire quick, eager whines, lunging at the length and cooked breakfast to the accompani- of his stick toward the darkness, and de ment of his partner's snoring. sisting now and again in order to make “You was sleepin' jes' too comfortable frantic attacks on the stick with his teeth. for anything,” Henry told him as he routed “Look at that, Bill,” Henry whispered him out for breakfast. "I hadn't the Full into the fire-light, with a stealthy, heart to rouse you." sidelong movement, glided a dog-like ani Bill began sleepily to eat. He noticed mal. It moved with commingled mistrust that his cup was empty, and started to and daring, cautiously observing the men, reach for the pot. But the pot was be- its attention fixed on the dogs. One Ear yond arm's length and beside Henry. strained the full length of the stick toward “Say, Henry,” he chided gently; "ain't the intruder and whined with eagerness. you forgot somethin'?” “That fool One Ear don't seem scairt Henry looked about with great careful- much,” Bill said in a low tone. ness and shook his head. Bill held up the "It's a she-wolf," Henry whispered empty cup. back, “an' that accounts for Fatty an' "You don't get no coffee,” Henry an- Frog. She's the decoy for the pack. She nounced. draws out the dog an' then all the rest “Ain't run out?” Bill asked anxiously. pitches in an' eats 'm up." "Nope.” White Fang 135 Bill, "Ain't thinkin' it 'll hurt my digestion?" whistle. They've ate the leather offen "Nope." both ends. They're damn hungry, Henry, A flush of angry blood pervaded Bill's an' they'll have you an' me guessin' before face. this trip's over. “Then it's jes' warm an' anxious I am Henry laughed defiantly. "I ain't been to be hearin' you explain yourself," he said. trailed this way by wolves before, but I've “Spanker's gone, Henry answered. gone through a whole lot worse an' kept Without haste, with the air of one re my health. Takes more 'n a handful of signed to misfortune, Bill turned his head them pesky critters to do for yours truly, and from where he sat counted the dogs. my son.” “How'd it happen?" he asked apatheti “I don't know, I don't know,” Bill mut- cally. tered ominously. Henry shrugged his shoulders. “Don't "Well, you'll know all right when we know. Unless One Ear gnawed 'm loose. pull into McGurry.” He couldn't 'a' done it himself, that's sure.” "I ain't feelin' special enthusiastic,” Bill "The darned cuss." Bill spoke gravely persisted. and slowly, with no hint of the anger that “You're off color, that's what's the mat- was raging within. “Jes' because he ter with you,” Henry dogmatized. “What couldn't chew himself loose, he chews you need is quinine, an' I'm goin' to dose Spanker loose.” you up stiff as soon as we make McGurry." "Well, Spanker's troubles is over any Bill grunted his disagreement with the way; I guess he's digested by this time an' diagnosis, and lapsed into silence. The day cavortin' over the landscape in the bellies was like all the days. Light came at nine of twenty different wolves,” was Henry's o'clock. At twelve o'clock the southern epitaph on this, the latest lost dog. “Have horizon was warmed by the unseen sun; and some coffee, Bill?” then began the cold gray of afternoon that But Bill shook his head. would merge, three hours later, into night. "Go on," Henry pleaded, elevating the It was just after the sun's futile effort pot. to appear that Bill slipped the rifle from Bill shoved his cup aside. “I'll be ding under the sled lashings and said: dong-danged if I do. I said I wouldn't if “You keep right on, Henry. I'm goin' ary dog turned up missin', an' I won't.” to see what I can see.” “It's darn good coffee,” Henry said en “You'd better stick by the sled,” his ticingly. partner protested. “You've only got But Bill was stubborn, and he ate a dry three cartridges, an' there's no tellin' what breakfast, washed down with mumbled might happen.” curses at One Ear for the trick he had “Who's croakin' now?” Bill demanded played. triumphantly. "I'll tie 'em up out of reach of each other Henry made no reply, and plodded on to-night,” Bill said, as they took the trail. alone, though often he cast anxious glances They had traveled little more than a back into the gray solitude where his part- hundred yards, when Henry, who was in ner had disappeared. An hour later, tak- front, bent down and picked up something ing advantage of the cut-offs around which with which his snowshoe had collided. It the sled had to go, Bill arrived. was dark, and he could not see but he "They're scattered an' rangin' along recognized it by the touch. He flung it wide," he said; "keepin' up with us an' back, so that it struck the sled and bounced lookin' for game at the same time. You along until it fetched up on Bill's snow see, they're sure of us, only they know shoes. they've got to wait to get us. In the mean- "Mebbe you'll need that in your busi time they're willin' to pick up anything ness," Henry said. eatable that comes handy.” Bill uttered an exclamation. It was all "You mean they think they're sure of that was left of Spanker-the stick with us," Henry objected pointedly. which he had been tied. But Bill ignored him. “I seen some of “They ate 'm de an' all,” Bill an them. They're pretty thin. They ain't nounced. “The stick's as clean as had a bite in weeks, I reckon, outside of a 136 The Outing Magazine Fatty an' Frog an’ Spanker; an' there's redness of color not classifiable in terms of so many of 'em that that didn't go far. ordinary experience. They're remarkable thin. Their ribs is like “Looks for all the world like a big, husky washboards, an' their stomachs is right up sled-dog," Bill said. “I wouldn't be against their backbones. They're pretty s'prised to see it wag its tail. desperate, I can tell you. They'll be goin' Hello, you husky!” he called "Come mad, yet, an' then watch out." here, you, Whatever-your-name-is!" A few minutes later Henry, who was "Ain't a bit scairt of you," Henry now traveling behind the sled, emitted laughed. low, warning whistle. Bill turned and Bill waved his hand at it threateningly looked, then quietly stopped the dogs and shouted loudly; but the animal be- To the rear, from around the last bend and trayed no fear. The only change in it that plainly into view, on the very trail they they could notice was an accession of alert- had just covered, trotted a furry, slinking ness. It still regarded them with the mer- form. Its nose was to the trail, and it ciless wistfulness of hunger. They were trotted with a peculiar sliding effortless meat, and it was hungry; and it would like gait. When they halted, it halted, throw to go in and eat them if it dared. ing up its head and regarding them steadily “Look here, Henry,” Bill said, uncon- with nostrils that twitched as it caught sciously lowering his voice to a whisper be- and studied the scent of them. cause of what he meditated. “We've got "It's the she-wolf," Bill whispered. three cartridges. But it's a dead shot. The dogs had lain down in the snow, and Couldn't miss it. It's got away with three he walked past them to join his partner of our dogs, an’ we oughter put a stop to at the sled. Together they watched the it. What d'ye say?” strange animal that had pursued them for Henry nodded his consent. Bill cau- days and that had already accomplished tiously slipped the gun from under the the destruction of half their dog-team. sled lashing. The gun was on the way to After a searching scrutiny the animal his shoulder, but it never got there. For trotted forward a few steps. This it re in that instant the she-wolf leaped side- peated several times, till it was a short wise from the trail into the clump of spruce hundred yards away. It paused, head up, trees and disappeared. close by a clump of spruce trees, and with The two men looked at each other. sight and scent studied the outfit of the Henry whistled long and comprehendingly. watching men. It looked at them in a "I might have knowed it,” Bill chided strangely wistful way, after the manner himself aloud, as he replaced the gun. “Of of a dog; but in its wistfulness there was course a wolf that knows enough to come none of the dog affection. It was a wist in with the dogs at feedin' time, 'd know fulness bred of hunger, as cruel as its own all about shooting-irons. I tell you right fangs, as merciless as the frost itself. now, Henry, that critter's the cause of all It was large for a wolf, its gaunt frame our trouble. We'd have six dogs at the advertising the lines of an animal that was present time, 'stead of three, if it wasn't among the largest of its kind. for her. An' I tell you right now, Henry, “Stands pretty close to two feet an'a I'm goin' to get her. She's too smart to half at the shoulders,” Henry commented. be shot in the open. But I'm goin' to lay “An' I'll bet it ain't far from five feet long.” for her. I'll bushwhack her as sure as my “Kind of strange color for a wolf,” was name is Bill.” Bill's criticism. “I never seen a red wolf “You needn't stray off too far in doin' before. Looks almost cinnamon to me.” it,” his partner admonished. “If that The animal was certainly not cinnamon pack ever starts to jump you, them three colored. Its coat was the true wolf coat. cartridges 'd be wuth no more 'n three The dominant color was gray, and yet whoops in hell. Them animals is damn there was to it a faint, reddish hue-a hue hungry, an' once they start in they'll sure that was baffing, that appeared and dis- get you, Bill." appeared, that was more like an illusion of They camped early that night. Three the vision, now gray, distinctly gray, and dogs could not drag the sled so fast nor for again giving hints and glints of a vague so long hours as could six, and they were White Fang 137 showing unmistakable signs of playing out. forced to unharness the dogs in order to And the men went early to bed, Bill first straighten out the tangle. The two men seeing to it that the dogs were tied out of were bent over the sled and trying to right gnawing reach of one another. it, when Henry observed One Ear sidling But the wolves were growing bolder, and away. the men were roused more than once from “Here, you, One Ear!” he cried, straight- their sleep. So near did the wolves ap- ening up and turning around on the dog. proach that the dogs became frantic with But One Ear broke into a run across the terror, and it was necessary to replenish snow, his traces trailing behind him. And the fire from time to time in order to keep there, out in the snow of their back track, the adventurous marauders at safer dis was the she-wolf waiting for him. As he tance. neared her, he became suddenly cautious. “I've hearn sailors talk of sharks fol He slowed down to an alert and mincing lowin' a ship,” Bill remarked, as he crawled walk and then stopped. He regarded her back into the blankets after one such re carefully and dubiously, yet desirefully. plenishing of the fire. "Well, theny wolves She seemed to smile at him, showing her is land sharks. They know their business teeth in an ingratiating rather than a better 'n we do, an' they ain't a-holdin' menacing way. She moved toward him a our trail this way for their health. They're few steps, playfully, and then halted. One goin' to get us. They're sure goin' to get Ear drew near to her, still alert and cau- us, Henry." tious, his tail and ears in the air, his head "They've half got you a'ready, a-talkin' held high. like that,” Henry retorted sharply. “A He tried to sniff noses with her, but she man's half licked when he says he is. An’ retreated playfully and coyly. Every ad- you're half eaten from the way you're goin' vance on his part was accompanied by a on about it." corresponding retreat on her part. Step “They've got away with better men than by step she was luring him away from you an' me,” Bill answered. the security of his human companionship. “Oh, shet up your croakin'. You make Once, as though a warning had in vague me all-fired tired." ways filtered through his intelligence, he Henry rolled over angrily on his side, but turned his head and looked back at the was surprised that Bill made no similar dis overturned sled, at his team mates and at play of temper. This was not Bill's way, the two men who were calling to him. for he was easily angered by sharp words. But whatever idea was forming in his Henry thought long over it before he went mind was dissipated by the she-wolf, who to sleep, and as his eyelids fluttered down advanced upon him, sniffed noses with him and he dozed off, the thought in his mind for a fleeting instant and then resumed her was: “There's no mistakin' it, Bill's al coy retreat before his renewed advances. mighty blue. I'll have to cheer him up In the meantime Bill had bethought to-morrow." himself of the rifle. But it was jammed beneath the overturned sled, and by the CHAPTER III time Henry had helped him to right the load, One Ear and the she-wolf were too close together and the distance too great to The day began auspiciously. They had risk a shot. lost no dogs during the night, and they Too late One Ear learned his mistake. swung out upon the trail and into the si Before they saw the cause the two men lence, the darkness and the cold, with saw him turn and start to run back toward spirits that were fairly light. Bill seemed them. Then, approaching at right angles to have forgotten his forebodings of the to the trail and cutting off his retreat, previous night, and even waxed facetious they saw a dozen wolves, lean and gray, with the dogs when, at midday, they over bounding across the snow. On the in- turned the sled on a bad piece of trail. stant, the she wolf's coyness and playful- It was an awkward mix-up. The sled ness disappeared. With a snarl she sprang was upside down and jammed between a upon One Ear. He thrust her off with his tree trunk and a huge rock, and they were shoulder, and, his retreat cut off and still THE HUNGER CRY 138 The Outing Magazine arm. intent on regaining the sled, he altered his it had taken place before his eyes. Once course in an attempt to circle around to it. he roused with a start and hastily got the More wolves were appearing every moment axe out from underneath the lashings. But and joining in the chase. The she-wolf for some time longer he sat and brooded, was one leap behind One Ear and holding the two remaining dogs crouching and her own. trembling at his feet. "Where are you goin'?" Henry suddenly At last he arose in a weary manner, as demanded, laying his hand on his partner's though all the resilience had gone out of his body, and proceeded to fasten the dogs to Bill shook it off. “I won't stand it," he the sled. He passed a rope over his shoul- said. “They ain't a-goin' to get any more der, a man-trace, and pulled with the dogs. of our dogs if I can help it.” He did not go far. At the first hint of Gun in hand, he plunged into the under darkness he hastened to make a camp, and brush that lined the side of the trail. His he saw to it that he had a generous supply intention was apparent enough. Taking of firewood. He fed the dogs, cooked and the sled as the center of the circle that One ate his supper, and made his bed close to Ear was making, Bill planned to tap that the fire. circle at a point in advance of the pursuit. But he was not destined to enjoy that With his rifle, in the broad daylight, it bed. Before his eyes closed the wolves had might be possible for him to awe the wolves drawn too near for safety. It no longer and save the dog. required an effort of the vision to see them. “Say, Bill!” Henry called after him. They were all about him and the fire, in "Be careful! Don't take no chances!” a narrow circle, and he could see them Henry sat down on the sled and watched. plainly in the firelight, lying down, sit- There was nothing else for him to do. Bill ting up, crawling forward on their bellies, or had already gone from sight; but now and slinking back and forth. They even slept. again, appearing and disappearing amongst Here and there he could see one curled up the underbrush and the scattered clumps in the snow like a dog, taking the sleep of spruce, could be seen One Ear. Henry that was now denied himself. judged his case to be hopeless. The dog He kept the fire brightly blazing, for he was thoroughly alive to its danger, but it knew that it alone intervened between the was running on the outer circle, while the flesh of his body and their hungry fangs. wolf-pack was running on the inner and His two dogs stayed close by him, one on shorter circle. It was vain to think of One either side, leaning against him for pro- Ear so outdistancing his pursuers as to be tection, crying and whimpering, and at able to cut across their circle in advance of times snarling desperately when a wolf ap- them and to regain the sled. proached a little closer than usual. At The different lines were rapidly ap such moments, when his dogs snarled, the proaching a point. Somewhere out there whole circle would be agitated, the wolves in the snow, screened from the sight by coming to their feet and pressing tenta- trees and thickets, Henry knew that the tively forward, a chorus of snarls and eager wolf-pack, One Ear and Bill were coming yelps rising about him. Then the circle together. All too quickly, far more quickly would lie down again, and here and there than he had expected, it happened. He a wolf would resume its broken nap. heard a shot, then two shots in rapid suc But this circle had a continuous ten- cession, and he knew that Bill's ammuni dency to draw in upon him. Bit by bit- tion was gone. Then he heard a great out an inch at a time, with here a wolf bellying cry of snarls and yelps. He recognized forward, and there a wolf bellying forward, One Ear's yell of pain and terror, and he the circle would narrow until the brutes heard a wolf-cry that bespoke a stricken were almost within springing distance. animal. And that was all. The snarls Then he would seize brands from the fire ceased The yelping died away. Silence and hurl them into the pack. A hasty settled down again over the lonely land. drawing back always resulted, accompanied He sat for a long while upon the sled. by angry yelps and frightened snarls when There was no need for him to go and see a well-aimed and struck and scorched a what had happened. He knew it as though too-daring animal. White Fang 139 Morning found the man haggard and sessive eye, as if, in truth, he were merely worn, wide-eyed from want of sleep. He a delayed meal that was soon to be eaten. cooked breakfast in the darkness, and at This certitude was shown by the whole nine o'clock, when, with the coming of pack. Fully a score he could count, star- daylight, the wolf-pack drew back, he set ing hungrily at him or calmly sleeping in about the task he had planned through the the snow. They reminded him of children long hours of the night. Chopping down gathered about a spread table and await- young saplings, he made them cross-bars of ing permission to begin to eat! And he a scaffold by lashing them high up to the was the food they were to eat! He won- trunks of standing trees. Using the sled dered how and when the meal would begin. lashing for a heaving rope, and with the As he piled wood on the fire he discovered aid of the dogs, he hoisted the coffin to the an appreciation of his own body which he top of the scaffold. had never felt before. He watched his “They got Bill, an' they may get me, but moving muscles and was interested in the they'll sure never get you, young man,” cunning mechanism of his fingers. By the he said, addressing the dead body in its light of the fire he crooked his fingers slowly tree-sepulcher. and repeatedly, now one at a time, now all Then he took the trail, the lightened sled together, spreading them wide or making bounding along behind the willing dogs; quick, gripping movements. He studied for they, too, knew that safety lay only in the nail-formation, and prodded the finger- the gaining of Fort McGurry. The wolves tips, now sharply, and again softly, gaug- were now more open in their pursuit, trot ing the while the nerve-sensations pro- ting sedately behind and ranging along on duced. It fascinated him, and he grew either side, their red tongues lolling out, suddenly fond of this subtle flesh of his their lean sides showing the undulating that worked so beautifully and smoothly ribs with every movement. They were and delicately. Then he would cast a very lean, mere skin-bags stretched over glance of fear at the wolf-circle drawn ex- bony frames, with strings for muscles—so pectantly about him, and like a blow the lean that Henry found it in his mind to realization would strike him that this won- marvel that they still kept their feet and derful body of his, this living flesh, was no did not collapse forthright in the snow. more than so much meat, a quest of raven- He did not dare travel until dark. At ous animals, to be torn and slashed by midday, not only did the sun warm the their hungry fangs, to be sustenance to southern horizon, but it even thrust its them as the moose and the rabbit had upper rim, pale and golden, above the sky often been sustenance to him. line. He received it as a sign. The days He came out of a doze that was half were growing longer. The sun nightmare, to see the red-hued she-wolf turning. But scarcely had the cheer of before him. She was not more than half a its light departed than he went into camp. dozen feet away, sitting in the snow and There were still several hours of gray day- wistfully regarding him. The two dogs light and somber twilight, and he utilized were whimpering and snarling at his feet, them in chopping an enormous supply of but she took no notice of them. She was firewood. looking at the man, and for some time he With night came horror. Not only were returned her look. There was nothing the starving wolves growing bolder, but threatening about her. She looked at him lack of sleep was telling upon Henry. He merely with a great wistfulness, but he dozed despite himself, crouching by the knew it to be the wistfulness of an equally fire, the blankets about his shoulders, the great hunger. He was the food, and the axe between his knees, and on either side a sight of him excited in her the gustatory dog pressing close against him. He awoke sensations. Her mouth opened, the saliva once and saw in front of him, not a dozen drooled forth, and she licked her chops feet away, a big gray wolf, one of the with the pleasure of anticipation. largest of the pack. And even as he looked A spasm of fear went through him. He the brute deliberately stretched himself after reached hastily for a brand to throw at her. the manner of a lazy dog, yawning full in But even as he reached, and before his his face and looking upon him with a pos- fingers had closed on the missile, she sprang was re- 140 The Outing Magazine back into safety; and he knew that she was smell of burning flesh and hair, he watched used to having things thrown at her. She her shaking her head and growling wrath- had snarled as she sprang away, baring her fully a score of feet away. white fangs to their roots, all her wistful But this time, before he dozed again, he ness vanishing, being replaced by a car tied a burning pine-knot to his right hand. nivorous malignity that made him shud His eyes were closed but a few minutes der. He glanced at the hand that held the when the burn of the flame on his flesh awak- brand, noticing the cunning delicacy of the ened him. For several hours he adhered to fingers that gripped it, how they adjusted this programme. Every time he was thus themselves to all the inequalities of the awakened he drove back the wolves with surface, curling over and under and about flying brands, replenishing the fire, and re- the rough wood, and in the same instant he arranged the pine-knot on his hand. All seemed to see a vision of those same sensi worked well, but there came a time when he tive and delicate fingers being crushed and fastened the pine-knot insecurely. As his torn by the white teeth of the she-wolf. eyes closed it fell away from his hand. Never had he been so fond of this body of He dreamed. It seemed to him that he his as now when his tenure of it was so was in Fort McGurry. It was warm and precarious. comfortable, and he was playing cribbage All night, with burning brands, he fought with the Factor. Also, it seemed to him off the hungry pack. When he dozed, that the fort was besieged by wolves. despite himself, the whimpering and snarl They were howling at the very gates, and ing of the dogs aroused him. Morning sometimes he and the Factor paused from came, but for the first time the light of day the game to listen and laugh at the fu- failed to scatter the wolves. The man tile efforts of the wolves to get in. And waited in vain for them to go. They re then, so strange was the dream, there was mained in a circle about his fire, displaying a crash. The door was burst open. He an arrogance of possession that shook his could see the wolves flooding into the hig courage born of the morning light. living-room of the fort. They were leap- He made one desperate attempt to pull ing straight for him and the Factor. With out on the trail. But the moment he left the bursting open of the door, the noise of the protection of the fire the boldest wolf their howling had increased tremendously. leaped for him, but leaped short. He This howling now bothered him. His saved himself by springing back, the jaws dream was merging into something else snapping together a scant six inches from he knew not what; but through it all, fol- his thigh. The rest of the pack was now lowing him, persisted the howling. up and surging upon him, and a throwing And then he awoke to find the howling of firebrands right and left was necessary real. There was a great snarling and yelp- to drive them back to a respectful distance. ing. The wolves were rushing him. They Even in the daylight he did not dare were all about him and upon him. The leave the fire to chop fresh wood. Twenty teeth of one had closed upon his arm. In- feet away towered a huge dead spruce. He stinctively he leaped into the fire, and as spent half the day extending his camp fire he leaped he felt the sharp slash of teeth to the tree. that tore through the flesh of his leg. The night was a repetition of the night Then began a fire fight. His stout mittens before, save that the need for sleep was be temporarily protected his hands, and he coming overpowering. The snarling of his scooped live coals into the air in all direc- dogs was losing its efficacy. Besides, they tions until the camp fire took on the sem- were snarling all the time, and his be blance of a volcano. numbed and drowsy senses no longer took But it could not last long. His face was note of changing pitch and intensity. He blistering in the heat, his eyebrows and awoke with a start. The she-wolf was less lashes were singed off, and the heat was than a yard from him. Mechanically, at becoming unbearable to his feet. With a short range, without letting go of it, he flaming brand in each hand, he sprang to thrust a brand full into her open and the edge of the fire. The wolves had been snarling mouth. She sprang away, yelling She sprang away, yelling driven back. On every side, wherever the with pain, and while he took delight in the live coals had fallen, the snow was sizzling, White Fang 141 and every little while a retiring wolf, with into segments with openings in between. wild leap and snarl, announced that one These openings grew in size, the segments such live coal had been stepped upon. diminished. Flinging his brands at the nearest of his "I guess you can come an' get me any enemies, the man thrust his smoldering time,” he mumbled. “Anyway, I'm goin' mittens into the snow and stamped about to sleep.” to cool his feet. His two dogs were miss Once he wakened, and in an opening in ing, and he well knew that they had served the circle, directly in front of him, he saw as a course in the protracted meal which the she-wolf gazing at him. had begun days before with Fatty, the last Again he awakened, a little later, though course of which would likely be himself in it seemed hours to him. A mysterious the days to follow. change had taken place --so mysterious a “You ain't got me yet!” he cried, sav change that he was shocked wider awake. agely shaking his fist at the hungry beasts. Something had happened. He could not He set to work to carry out a new idea understand at first. Then he discovered that had come to him. He extended the it. The wolves were gone. Remained fire into a large circle. Inside this circle only the trampled snow to show how closely he crouched, his sleeping outfit under him they had pressed him. Sleep was welling as a protection against the melting snow. up and gripping him again, his head was When he had thus disappeared within his sinking down upon his knees, when he shelter of flame, the whole pack came cu roused with a sudden start. riously to the rim of the fire to see what There were cries of men, the churn of had become of him. Hitherto they had sleds, the creaking of harnesses, and the been denied access to the fire, and they now eager whimpering of straining dogs. Four settled down in a close-drawn circle, like sleds pulled in from the river bed to the so many dogs, blinking and yawning and camp among the trees. Half a dozen men stretching their lean bodies in the unac were about the man who crouched in the customed warmth. Then the she-wolf sat center of the dying fire. They were shak- down, pointed her nose at a star, and began ing and prodding him into consciousness. to howl. One by one the wolves joined He looked at them like a drunken man and her, till the whole pack, on haunches, with maundered in strange, sleepy speech: noses pointed skyward, was howling its “Red she-wolf-come in with the dogs hunger-cry. at feedin' time—first she ate the dog food Dawn came, and daylight. The fire was --then she ate the dogs-an' after that burning low. The fuel had run out, and she ate Bill there was need to get more. The man at “Where's Lord Alfred?” one of the men tempted to step out of his circle of flame, bellowed in his ear, shaking him roughly. but the wolves surged to meet him. Burn He shook his head slowly. “No, she ing brands made them spring aside, but didn't eat him-he's roostin' in a tree at they no longer sprang back. In vain he the last camp.” strove to drive them back. As he gave “Dead?” the man shouted. up and stumbled inside his circle a wolf “An' in a box,” Henry answered. He leaped for him, missed, and landed with jerked his shoulder petulantly away from all four feet in the coals. It cried out the grip of his questioner. “Say, you with terror, at the same time snarling, and lemme alone, I'm jes' plumb tuckered out scrambled back to cool its paws in the Goo'-night, everybody." snow. His eyes fluttered and went shut. His The man sat down on his blankets in a chin fell forward on his chest. And even crouching position. His body leaned for as they eased him down upon the blankets ward from the hips. His shoulders, re his snores were rising on the frosty air. laxed and drooping, and his head on his But there was another sound. Far and knees, advertised that he had given up the faint it was, in the remote distance—the struggle. Now and again he raised his cry of the hungry wolf-pack as it took the head to note the dying down of the fire. trail of other meat than the man it had The circle of flame and coals was breaking just missed. (To be continued.) YOUNG SUMMER BY MARIA K. LAMB Hills after hills, A sea of billows, And everywhere a brook With feathery willows. Fern-scented woods In every glade, Where ghostly silver birches Haunt the shade. Fringing the roads, The happy summer flowers While lazily away The sunny hours. At hide-and-seek Among the maple trees, The sun in varied mood Plays through the leaves. Wide pastures bare, With lichen-covered rocks; Above, the mackerel clouds, In little flocks. A far cascade, A bridal veil of white, Greets with its murmurings The coming night. 142 MIMIC ROYALTIES OF MAY DAY BY DAVID LANSING PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAMES BURTON AND THE AUTHOR WENTY thousand really own the park, and make known the children in one fact with shouts and laughter that echo May party, with from every glade and slope. so many queens The children who stream through the T and courts that city streets in proudly parading columns Central Park is with banners and garlands to “have a like a fairyland, May party,” do not come from the homes this is one of the whose pampered darlings are permitted springtime sights conventionally to promenade in the park of New York, in charge of chattering nursemaids. These which wafts to the hearts of those who be latter unfortunates are rather to be pitied hold it a quickening kind of sentiment that than envied in May time. They are too makes them young again. One May party exclusive to romp in the wake of the May twenty thousand strong would be a unique Queen of the "Thirty-second Election Dis- carnival in any other city of the world. In trict." For these tumultuous thousands Central Park it is almost lost in the gay come from the poorest quarters of New succession of such festivities which turn a York, and "ice-cream an' cake an' lemon- laughing tide of children over the grass and ade” are so rare a holiday distraction that under the trees through the months of May they alone would make the memory of the and June. An organized invasion five May party glorious without the pomp of thousand strong is hardly worth notice, royalty. and the casual bystander with the leisure Now, the reformer will tell you that the to attempt a census of this movement of Machine is the curse of civic government, diminutive population would think him and that the District Leader is the main- self conservative if he reckoned that a mil- spring of the Machine. Therefore, he is to lion children streamed through the gates of be abhorred as wholly bad by all good cit- the park and scattered among its green hills izens. But speaking as the devil's advo- during the sweetest, freshest month of all cate, there is this to be said about the little bosses of New York and other cities, that The mimic royalties of these May days they are close to their people. Incongru- find no “Keep off the Grass” signs. The ous as it may seem to the gentleman who verdured stretches of park-land are theirs theorizes about government in his club for the asking. Civic power in the guise window, the District Leader is a public of a large and good-humored policeman benefactor of no small importance, and his graciously grants written permits to a public is comprised of his neighbors, who properly organized party with its queen, keep him in power. maids of honor, and train of courtiers and Herein he displays the virtues of a sov- subjects duly escorted by "grown-ups." ereign devoted to the needs of his subjects. And with these magic documents, sover. They repay him in an allegiance that is eignty is extended for a day over the measured in votes. Also, he is wise enough city's greatest playground. The classes to catch the voters while they are young. may whirl along the flawless driveways in His is the hand that guides the May party, victorias and automobiles, but the masses and his is the pocket that supplies the funds. the year. 143 I44 The Outing Magazine It is no trifling undertaking. There is running about like spilled quicksilver-all keen rivalry among the New York election were Americans on this day. For every districts for the record of parading the boy wore a paper cap of red, white and greatest number of children at the annual blue, and every little girl carried a tiny May party. Last year State Senator flag. This, indeed, was part of the method Frawley was the proud benefactor of by which their patron and host sought to twenty-five thousand children, not count make them good Americans and loyal ing their mothers and fathers and other voters. invited guests. The refreshments included When the cohorts were marshaled with five tons of cake, two and a half tons of incredible difficulty, and something like a ice-cream, six thousand gallons of lemon- procession began to trail through the ade, five tons of candy and twenty-five swarming streets, there was something thousand oranges. quite inspiring in the sight. These were His diamonds scintillating, a bouquet as Americans in the making, and when the big as a head of cauliflower in his button bands played, “My Country, 'Tis of Thee,” hole, and an American flag tied to his gold- thousands of shrill young voices caught up headed cane, Senator Frawley marched to the refrain, and the hymn of the nation the Park at the head of his battalions, a rolled on down the trailing columns until proud and beaming figure of a man. Nor these little ones, whose fathers and mothers did his duties end when the “ kids had been had come from many lands far over-seas, turned loose.” He held a court of his own were piping with one voice of the "Sweet all day in the middle of a meadow, and Land of Liberty." served out justice with the lavish im They carried with them the first breath partiality of a born ruler of men and chil of spring that had come into the city dren. Every youngster who felt that streets. The queen shone in a veil of white there had been discrimination in the mat- mosquito netting, and she was wreathed ter of dishing up ice-cream, every pair of with pink paper roses bought with pennies mothers who clashed in argument over the that had been saved through the long year. beauty of their respective infants, hastened Her king wore a crown of pasteboard gilt, to their over-lord for a decision. and his scepter was imposing. Canopied Weeping guardians whose charges had beneath gay bunting and more posies, her gone astray, boys who had lost their hats, maids of honor encircled the royal pair with girls who had lost their pennies; May streamers of ribbon, and the court made Queens who couldn't find their bowers, all its way to the Park with a dignity that im- manner of young persons with troubles,' pressed all beholders. That magical power flocked to the court of the District Leader, of illusion whch blossoms only in the world and he sent them away smiling and com of little children made reality of all this forted. Before Sunset he confided to a pretty make-believe. Every child was be- friend: decked with an extra ribbon or two, a paper "It's no joke. I'm drowning in a sea of wreath, a flower, a bit of tinsel, and these children, fairly swamped, but I'm dying trappings sufficed to make these ardent happy. As for shaking hands, I was an souls part of a pageant which lifted them athlete once, but I'm a wreck of a man to far above the lives they led in all the other night. It's been a grand day, though." more prosaic days of the year. F the children and their mothers the When such a marching multitude as this "grand day" had begun with the rising of reaches the Land of Heart's Desire beyond the sun. Such a scrubbing of faces and the stone walls of the Park, they find them- curling of hair, and fishing out of clean selves only one of perhaps a score of May white dresses in thousands of tenement parties. For the District Leader has no homes, such a multitude of agitated moth- monopoly of this pastime. There may be ers and squirming youngsters of many na several parties recruited from the mission tionalities! Stocky little Germans, black- schools, or perhaps a big-hearted baker or eyed babies lisping in Yiddish, excited butcher has gathered up a few hundred of little Italians, more placid Scandinavians, the little tots in his district, bundled them their yellow pigtails plaited with brand into vans and sent them Maying at his ex- new ribbons, and Irish lads and lasses pense. The Irish Societies are rivals of the AN UNEXPECTED STRIKE Fainting by Oliver Kemp. - - | - Happy with her own little dinner party. political organizations for Maying honors. pattern of children and color is clustered The Ancient Order of Hibernians can be around the beribboned pole and the groups counted on to muster from ten to fifteen break up into cake-walking, whose fasci- thousand children for one party. It is nations are more potent than any Old obvious that the police must take a hand World customs of May Day. in regulating these lawless invaders. If The royal canopies and bowers are set two or three young armies were to flock aside under the trees, and the court min- into the same meadow there would be gles with its subjects. Games spring up trouble. Therefore, no party is allowed on every side. Baseball nines assemble; to scamper into the alluring territory with- “Ring Around the Rosey” and “Drop the out a permit, which allots a certain region Handkerchief” rage like an epidemic, and for it to play in. The task of the Pied those who prefer to “go it alone” play with Piper of Hamelin was a sinecure compared the joyful abandon of kittens at nothing with the work cut out for the policeman in particular. assigned to “ride herd” on a May party. Many of these children so seldom see the The play-time in the park begins for green open spaces, which in Central Park mally with the planting of the May-pole, are like the real unbounded country, that and the formal coronation of Her Majesty they are content to roll downhill, to sprawl the Queen. From a hill-top you may see under the trees, to conduct venturesome a dozen of these May-pole dances with explorations over beyond the nearest slope. their revelers weaving through the mazes After all, play is only a device for killing of the ribbon walk," until the pretty time until that great hour when "some- The picnic hour in a corner corner of Central Park. Marching to the Park from an East Side District. 148 The Outing Magazine thin' to eat” is due. Long before the ap- pointed time, the chil- dren begin to drift to- ward the tents and booths wherein are stored those things to eat and drink, lacking which a picnic were tame indeed. Waiting lines tail across the meadow, boys in one column, girls in another. There is much fidgeting and the burden of an impatient chorus is, “When is it going to begin?” When "it" does be- gin, there is havoc in- deed. Fond mothers who rear their precious progeny according to the rules and regulations laid down in the modern manuals of “child cul- ture" would faint at sight of the amazing feats of these reckless thousands of sturdy young Americans. Their mothers sit by and en- joy it, shamelessly ig- norant that the "grow- ing child should be nour- ished on the simplest and most regular diet, with a careful proportion observed in the relative amounts of bone- and muscle-making foods." Impatiently waiting for the ice-cream-an’-cake" signal. The ice cream bar- rows, the barricades of sandwiches, the want nuffin' more. Why is boys' tum- mounds of candy and oranges, the tanks micks so weenty-teenty, Ma?”. of milk and lemonade are fairly stormed, Mother is so little concerned at the tid- and no child is turned away as long as it ings that she focuses her attention upon is able to surround another helping of another of her brood who pipes up: anything. The only suffering apparent “I couldn't help tearin' me pants on de is that baffled anguish which arises from nail. Ouch, Ma! I won't do it again.” sheer inability to hold any more. A “Come here, Susie, you'll droive me wild chunky mite of a lad wails with tears in wid yer rollin' in the dirt, and you in your his voice: clean dress and wid yer face washed this “I has ate two dwinks of milk, free very marnin', indeed glasses of lemonade, a bananer, a orange, “So Denny has swallowed a whole ba- a hunk o' cake, a sandwich wid bolony in nana skin. It won't hurt him, but he it, some ice cream, some candy, an' I don't mustn't do it again. Where is Martin? Mimic Royalties of May Day 149 will find a crowd around it all day when ten or twenty thousand chil- dren are turned loose at one time. They mingle so heedlessly with the throngs, they are so readily borne along from one venture to the other, and at a little distance they are so much like white dots scattered over a green carpet, that their less agile guardians can- not be blamed for losing them. There are now here near enough mothers to go around, you must remember, for many of them must stay at home, and most of the lost children have simply strayed away from their particular groups. But once adrift, they are helpless and confused, and after wandering until they tire, they lift their voices in wailing appeal, a policeman is summoned, and they are led to the tent to wait for a rescue party. The procedure is often like this: A panting mother toils to the tent and demands her youngster. “We've got twenty- “Isn't the lemonade most ready?" one of them rounded up here. Take your pick, You've lost him? Bad luck! Run yonder Ma'am," politely responds the custodian. an' fetch the cop. We must be lookin' “If you don't see what you want, sit for him.” down and wait, and we'll have some more Finding lost children is a systematized pretty soon.” feature of a big May party, wherefore “He's five years old, and he lisps, and parents seldom display hysterical symp two of his front teeth are gone, and his hair toms when they find themselves shy an is yellow and he had on his best suit,” she offspring. A tent for lost children is cries. “And he isn't here. Oh, John pitched on the meadow, and it gathers in MacHenry Stubbs! if you're in that many strays during one of these huge pic- bunch, why don't you holler out to your nics. In fact, there would be many weep- ing mothers and distracted daddies to cast Six other parents are calling to six other a cloud of gloom over the occasion, were missing cherubs, and inasmuch as twice it not for this tent and its activities. You as many youngsters are wailing for their poor mother?" 150 The Outing Magazine It may parents, the tent suggests a sheep corral ties, a great multitude of the children of when the lambs have been separated from New York would not know that Central their mothers. One by one, however, the Park existed. strays are sorted out, and kissed or wept Alas, there are children who miss even over or spanked, according to the parental this one festal day! It may be that their habit. The most humiliated of these small parents are not worth the patronage of derelicts are always the scouts, trappers the district leader, or charity has over- and Indian hunters who have followed the looked them, or they are ashamed to parade ambush and the trail among the trees until because their clothes are not good enough. they don't know where they are. Some of these little outcasts find their way be that never before have they had this to the park on Saturdays of May and June. glorious chance to roam the real wild They hang about the fringe of the gorgeous woods, crouching in single file, clapping merry-making within distant earshot of the their hands to their mouths in the shrill music of the bands. Ragged waifs with ululation of the war-whoop. It is there- aching little hearts and wistful eyes, they fore more than humiliating, it is unspeak "do not belong anywhere," even in May ably embarrassing for the "Boy Trailer" time. or the “Young Avenger” to discover, when If the policeman is looking the other the sun is sinking low, that he has mislaid way they may perhaps crown a queen of his parents and that without them he can their own with the leavings and débris not find his way home to the East Side. fearfully snatched from the more preten- If you have once beheld this springtime tious courts on the meadows beyond, and inundation of Central Park, you are likely play in their own pitifully contrasting to forget that any sordid motives lurk in fashion. The king with the crown made the background, or that all this abound- of a newspaper looks longingly at the ing joy and laughter plays its part in the passing candy-man, and the queen with intricate machine of party politics. What a scrap of torn bunting tucked in her hair ever the motive, one fact brightly shines watches the ice-cream wagons drive away. through it all. Thousands upon thousands You are a very old Scrooge of an observer of little children are transported from if you are not moved to dig into your streets where there is little sunshine and pockets for pennies and to take charge of gladness, to one day of perfect happiness a bevy of outcasts until you have given in the free out-of-doors. The parks were them a May party of their own and as valid made for them, not for the children of the a title to a stomach-ache as any full-fledged rich. But were it not for these May par- merry-maker in all Central Park. THE FEROCIOUS GOLDFISH A NEIGHBOR of ours, says H. B. frog with his head until he drives it out. Blaxter, of New Brighton, Pa., has The frogs swim about in a dazed way and a number of small artificial ponds finally climb out. Almost any evening a in which he grows water-lilies. He has number of disconsolate little frogs can be goldfish in these ponds, partly for looks, seen sitting in a row on the brick edge of partly to keep the water clear of animal the pond, desiring but not daring to jump matter. One pond in particular is in- in. The fish lately has become such an habited by a single goldfish, a large black autocrat that he will not permit a frog even one about three years old. This lonely to hang a foot in the water, working himself hermit has taken a great dislike to the into such a frenzy, lashing about and leap- small frogs which swarm in all the pools ating out of the water, that the frogs with- this time of year, and will not permit a draw in fright and bewilderment. The single frog to come into his pond. The mo incident is both amusing and pathetic, de- ment a frog jumps in the fish attacks it, pending on whether viewed from the point lashing the water with his tail, butting the of observation of a spectator or a frog. Photograph by A. B. Phelan. A fisherman's a fisherman for a' that. THE DEVELOPING COLUMBINE RELATION OF INSECTS TO FLOWERS BY ROBERT BLIGHT WITH PHOTOGRAPHS IN N the very heart of the cedar grove changed; the gilt has been rubbed off our there is an open space where the gran- gingerbread; we have been schooled to ite bowlders lie scattered and tumbled discern between the false and the true; in picturesque confusion. Through the but the memory of the enchantment is middle runs a stream of clearest water, still sweet. And, if the tinseled Colum- winding its way among the giant stones bine has disappeared from our dreams, she and purling with pleasant murmur in has only given place to realities that are miniature cascades over the buried ones. far more alluring and enchanting, for we They say that art improves upon nature, know that behind them lies the mysterious but the landscape gardener might profit- truth of the secret of nature's method of ably come here and take a few lessons working. With such realities this fairy from nature's handicraft. It is an ideal columbine that adorns the glade in the spot for a rest on this June day, for there cedar grove has much to do, for its color is cool, dark shade under the gloomy trees; and the strange shape of its flower raise the short, close turf affords a soft couch; questions of “how” and “why” that lead low, sweet music comes from the running one off into the land of visions. brook, and, above all, here we are “far It really requires an effort to rise from from the madding crowd,” whose scurrying the cool, shady couch, go out into the glar- bustle allows no communing with Nature ing sunshine and gather a spray or two; in her gentlest moods. An ideal spot?, but “where there's a will there's a way, nay, a veritable paradise, for the place is and having secured a few, we resume our carpeted with flowers. Buttercups, anem ease, for nothing is so conducive to satis- ones, saxifrages, bluets, raise their heads factory thinking as comfort. You cannot everywhere, even around the very edges think if you are in discomfort. At all of the rocks. There, where the stream events, that is a very valid excuse to-day. forms a little eddy and backwater, a group Now, I fear, the good folks who called of marsh marigolds display their brilliantly this flower “columbine" made a mistake. yellow blossoms; and towering above all, That name rightly belongs to the Euro- in the majesty of their scarlet robes, are pean cousin of the American native. If hundreds of columbines. you examined the Old World flower, I Columbine! How the name carries us have no doubt that, with no unreasonable back to that day when we sat awe-struck amount of imagination, you would see a at the mystery, but delighted beyond sort of resemblance to five doves looking words at the splendor of our first panto at each other—the petals, with their short, mime. Then we thought that the fairy curved spurs, forming the bodies of the form that tripped so gayly among the glit- birds, and the sepals the wings. But here tering flashes of the tinsel was the fairest the spurs are too long and too straight to and most beautiful our eyes had ever gazed carry out the similarity, for doves are not upon. We went home to matter-of-fact long-tailed birds. However, as life, only to dream of Columbine as a being never slow to acknowledge our relationship from a far higher world. Times have to our kindred over the water, we will be we are 152 The saxifrage rears its white, yellow or red flowers through all the rucky pasture-lots. 154 The Outing Magazine satisfied to call the flower “columbine.” that of the sepals of the anemone and Learned scientists name the plant and all marigold, for they do not differ from the of the same genus "aquilegia," from just same parts of most of the flowers with such another fancied likeness of the flower which we are familiar. But notice that to an eagle's foot; and, here again, the while the sepals of the columbine conform European species more nearly conforms to the ordinary type in form, if not in to such a type, only eagles have four talons, color, the petals are folded into a closed and columbine has five spurs. However, tube continued backward and ending in a we will not be hypercritical. The European long spur. Who would think, at first aquilegia you may find in nearly every sight, that all these flowers are nearly old-fashioned garden, for it was a great akin, belonging to the same family, de- favorite with our grandmothers, before scended from the same ancestor, and that the days of abnormal chrysanthemums. It ancestor probably not very unlike the but- has a second name, “vulgaris," but of tercup itself? Yet such is the case, for course there is no insidious suggestion. the differences are only modifications of Why, however, did the Father of Botany, the same type, and all four flowers are the learned Linnæus, call our flower "ca built upon the same plan. Why such a nadensis”? Surely he might have known change of form? Here come in the vision that the less cannot contain the greater, and the mystery. and this aquilegia has a far wider range When we are looking at plants, when we than the Dominion. Perhaps it was in are admiring them, and using them for our consequence of that curious fashion of the many needs, we are apt to forget that they days of Linnæus by which they applied have individuality; but when we are “Canada” to the whole of the northern part studying them we must ever remember it. of the eastern shores of North America; By “individuality” I do not mean mere and, as the famous botanist and zoologist isolation from other individuals, but, in so died in 1778, he may not have heard much far as we may at present apply the terms about a certain Fourth of July. So we to members of the vegetable kingdom, will let “canadensis” stand, for the world character and potentiality. No two plants has become accustomed to it. of the very same species, no two leaves, Just get up and go out into the sunlight no two flowers, no two fruits from the very and gather a buttercup, an anemone, and same plant are mere duplicates of each one of the marsh marigolds, for they are other, as are two coins struck from the near relatives of this same columbine. A same die. This individuality is a gift of Scot would tell you that they all belong organic life. It may be difficult for the to the same clan. They are members of casual eye to detect it, as in the case of the famous and ancient family of Ranun twins; but while the world at large, and culus. Now let us notice what vast differ indeed the near relatives of twins, are ences there appear to be between these saying that they cannot tell the difference kinsfolk. In the buttercup you have all between them, the mother, with her keen the parts usually given as constituting a insight, never for one moment confounds flower-sepals, petals, stamens and pistil. them. Individuality implies possible var- In the columbine you can recognize all iability. Without this variability we should these whorls of organs, but in the anemone have the identical likeness as of coins. And and the marsh marigold there is one whorl more: if this variability lies within certain short. All are colored flowers, but if you limitations of organic life, the variation look you will see that the buttercup only which is brought about is handed on to has the outer whorl green. The sepals, the offspring of the varying individual. that is, the outer whori, of the columbine Heredity is a factor of great importance are scarlet, like the petals; those of the in organic life. If individuality with its anemone are white; those of the marsh variability fits any organic being for its marigold are yellow, like the petals of the surroundings more adequately than others buttercup; but the anemone and marsh which exist there, that being prospers more marigold have no petals at all. There is surely and gradually displaces the less fit. nothing remarkable about the form of the The world has had these notions drummed sepals and petals of the buttercup, or about into it against much opposition and vitu- A myriad buttercups yellow the open hills. 156 The Outing Magazine a peration for half a century, so that the re- pollen was lost by this whorl, all the vital counting of them is an old story; but the energy being devoted to the enlargement study of this columbine in the cedar grove of the filament, and thus arose the petals. demands that we should have them clear Plants showing this peculiarity had a better in our minds. chance of fertilization, and thus gaining Now, long ago (that is the most conven an advantage over the rest, became the ient expression, though, indeed, it was dominant variety. Again, the advantage long before the pyramids were built), a was intensified by the petals exuding a plant appeared that had a flower pleasant fluid at their base. In the first phænogam, the learned called it-a flower instance this may have been “accidental,” consisting of a number of leaves growing as we say, but the insects found it out and on an axis. The elongation of the axis liked it, paying their most frequent visits had been arrested so as to bring the leaves to those plants that afforded them this into whorls. The upper whorls had been new sensation. This fluid was nectar, or modified into chambers containing an honey, and all flowers that possessed it ovule each, but these ovules must be fer were sure of securing the most effective tilized with pollen before they would pro fertilization. As the color of the stamens duce seed. This powdery pollen was sup was yellow, the enlarged filaments, in the plied by lower sets of whorls which ap first instance, were also yellow, and thus peared below the ovule-bearing ones. we get the flower consisting of green sepals, These two sets of organs were inclosed yellow petals secreting honey, a coronet of within another whorl, consisting of five stamens producing pollen, and a group of leaves. So we have, beginning from above, ovule-bearing chambers, each surmounted a pistil, a coronet of stamens, and a set of with a style, forming the pistil. The but- sepals. At the proper time the sepals tercup is a descendant of this flower, even opened, disclosing the stamens and pistil, if it is not also the exact counterpart of and the insects of that day found that it it. This scheme of evolution plainly points was worth while to visit the flower for the out the fact that petals and honey are de- sake of the food to be obtained by eat vices for advertising the flower, as it were, ing the pollen. That is, they deliberately and inviting the visits of the winged robber robbed the flower of that which it had friends. prepared for its own perpetuation. Out Children often think that they can im- of this robbery a benefit, nevertheless, prove upon the methods of their elders; arose. The insects could not prevent them and some of the descendants of the origi- selves from being dusted about their heads nal flower that we speak of, being placed with pollen, and on visiting the next in somewhat different circumstances, did flower unwittingly imparted to it some of away with the advertising poster of the their spoils. Behold the next generation, petals. It was far from being an unquali- raised from the seeds produced from ovules fied success, and they were ultimately com- fertilized with pollen from other flowers; pelled to take to advertising again. Hav- the plants were stronger and better pre- ing, however, lost the whorl of petals, they pared for fighting the battle of life than could not afford to modify another and those which had not been produced in so diminish the store of pollen. Neither could they recover it again, for Nature has Some of the plants, through the working a way of punishing repudiation of her gifts, of the inherent variability, had the fila by never reproducing those that have been ments of the outer wall of stamens broader cast away. These plants, therefore, took than those of their companions. This ren to modifying the sepals, and produced col- dered the flowers more conspicuous, and ored flowers with one whorl of organs de- consequently they received particular at ficient. They even went so far as to tention from the insects. It may be that secrete honey at the base of the changed the very first visits of the insects had sepals. The marsh marigold continued to something to do with this broadening. show the color of its ancestor, but the However that may be, the next generation anemone, catering to the taste of some in- showed flowers with even broader fila sect that preferred white to yellow, changed ments, and in time the faculty of producing the color of its poster to white. The water this way: Columbines, in the majesty of their scarlet robes. 158 The Outing Magazine crowfoot, which is a ranunculus, pure and they can secure this without carrying off simple, seems to have tried to do the same any pollen, as a sort of acknowledgment thing, but with imperfect success, for at of the liberality of the flower, they have the base of the petal there is still a large no compunction. The flower, therefore, has blotch of the original color. When once to take measures to secure the dispersal the spirit of variation has taken hold of a of pollen, in one case, and the placing of it flower, it appears as if it permeated the on the proper spot, in the other. This is very vitals, for some species can scarcely done by hiding the honey in all sorts of cor- keep from varying without provocation. ners—in the end of a tube, a horn, a helmet- Anemones are an instance of this, for some shaped cap, a box which shuts up when anemones in Europe are found of the most undisturbed and opens when an insect brilliant reds and blues. Visitors to Nice, pitches upon a lip in front, in galleries on the Mediterranean, will remember what fringed with hairs that will keep out un- a show of colors the anemones afford in desirable visitors. Now one of the descen- early spring in that delicious climate, and dants of the flower of long ago, having if we introduce the flowers into the beds colored its petals to suit some decent,“mid- of our gardens, we are never sure what dle-class” insects, found that they took its ranges and varieties of blossoms may honey without carrying off any pollen. It appear. began to place the honey farther back and There is quite a subtle gradation in the doubled the petal over it, thus forming a tastes of insects. The common herd, such tube. The better the tube, the more sat- as flies and the like, are content with white isfactory the fertilization. So the struggle and yellow; night-wandering moths are went on, the flower lengthening the tube, also partial to these two colors; higher and the insect lengthening its tongue to insects prefer pink and red; but butterflies reach the honey, until the columbine has and bees are devoted to purples and blues. fitted itself for the long-tongued insects, It is evident that our columbine does not and has actually been a means of inducing care for aristocracy; it would scarcely be corresponding development in the insect seeming that a flower so characteristic of world. But having doubled up the petals, this land should do so. The European the advertising poster was destroyed, as columbine, however, seeks the very top of far as its previous use was concerned. The society by being a deep, bluish purple. flower, therefore, took to coloring the sep- At the same time it often produces varie als, until it had got them of the shade of ties which are white, and these must con the former sign-board, and then our colum- sent to be called upon by the riffraff of bine was complete. the insect world. It is not the color of the It is astounding to think of the result columbine, however, which is the most of this mutual, and yet independent, work- striking feature in the flower. Look at ing. Every shade of color, from pale yel- the shape of the petals. Why are they low to the richest blue; every peculiarity tubular and spurred? You may see simi of form, from the flat shape of the butter- lar departures from the ordinary type in cup to the intricate windings of the colum- many flowers; for instance, in larkspur bine; every degree of sweetness, from the and monkshood (which belong to the same insipidity of many flowers to the rich su- family as columbine), in milkweed, the gariness of honeysuckle; and every kind labiates, the figworts, and, above all, in of scent, from the foul odor which attracts those wonders of the plant world, orchids. vulgar flies to the most delicate perfumes The truth is that the robber insects do not that delight the bees, all have proceeded care so much for pollen as for nectar. If from this connection of insects with flowers. The white beauty of the birches. Photograph by Charles H. Sau yer. - over versio Drawing by Oliver Kemp. "Ye ain't goin'e git that little hoss fer no hundred." A LITTLE BROWN HORSE FROM THE FARM TO THE CITY BY JAMES H. TUCKERMAN DRAWING BY OLIVER KEMP Ꭰ ID ye make him an offer? What'd “Reed,” he demanded - and it was he have t’ say to it? What kind quite evident the explosion was to be the of a talk did ye give him? Did ye vital one in the series—“Reed, are you see th' hoss, an' how much 'll he weigh?” man 'nough to steal that little brown hoss The questions were exploded through a red from that benighted farmer, er ain't ye?” stubble mustache with a force and rapid In an instant the harried look that the ity which only a gasoline engine tucked other man's face had worn since the be- away somewhere in the ample internal ginning of the bombardment relaxed, and economy of the owner of the red mustache an expression of scorn-mirthful, yet pity- could possibly account for. He was a ing - took its place. He indulged in a great, round man, and a great golden buoy, short chuckle before answering. Consid- anchored at a point equidistant from his ering the wear and tear to which the two lower waistcoat pockets, marked the chuckle had been subjected for thirty odd meridian of greatest circumference with years, the youthful spontaneity it still re- geometric nicety. The shallow armchair tained was little less than miraculous. which the country hotel provided for its “Benighted!” he echoed, derisively, “I guests was many sizes too small for him; guess you ain't bin round much among and as he sat in it-bubbling over and the benighted farmers of these sun-kissed through its arms like a freshly baked pop hills since th’ wise an' beneficent govern- over-his conformation seemed to approxi ment at Washington put on the free rural mate more closely the honest, sturdy deliveries. “Benighted!' Lord lighten Clydesdale than that of the "fancy and our darkness! Why, there ain't bin a gen'ral pu'pose hoss” in which he dealt. time since them farmers begun gittin' th' His massive face, however, as he turned news only four days behind th' returns it sharply upon the man at whom he had that you could dazzle any one of 'em with exploded the questions, revealed little of a new twenty dollar gold piece. An’ the characteristic docility of the Clydesdale. Lord aʼmighty,” the man went on after a For half a century it had been exposed befitting sigh for the dear, dead days, “I've almost constantly to the wind and sun, and knowed th’ time when you could hold a the ruddy and indelible glow with which the Canada quarter 'fore their eyes an' blind elements had burnished it, together with the 'em so'st you could steal a red lumber red stubble mustache and the heavy gray wagon right out from under 'em.” brows overhanging half-closed blue eyes, “So we've bin hangin' around this red- gave to it an expression almost of ferocity. lemonade hotel ten hours for nothin',” For several seconds he sat with his eyes broke in the large, round man, with an- gazing unwinkingly upon the victim of his other explosion; "forty-two miles from inquisition. His head was tilted at a wise home and nineteen from a drink! I knowed and scheming angle, and when he breathed that cuss was slick enough to throw you, the golden buoy rose and fell, gleaming in Reed.” the veiled rays of the kerosene lamp like a "An' it was just like bein' throwed from revolving beacon on the sea's horizon. a palace car into a barbed wire fence,” 161 162 The Outing Magazine corroborated Reed meekly. “Somebody's day had gone with the setting sun, and to gone an' told old man Wilcox that there the defeated band the homeward journey are a lot o' educated fools in th' world stretched away. in a weary prospective of that'd ruther have a nice, high-goin' little mud and slush and cold. Finally one of hoss like his than one that 'll fall down over the men arose, shook his trousers into place a bastin' thread; an' th’ free deliveries are with nervous jerks of his thin legs, and gettin' th' old man so enlightened that he's walked over to the window. He had fol- beginning to think that maybe there be. lowed the “trottin' hosses” once as an Awful handsome-goin' little hoss. Seven assistant trainer, and the hard imprint of year old this spring, an' not a pimple on a bandaged, blanketed and liniment-scent- him s' far as I could see." ed environment was still upon him. It had “Did he price him at all?" asked the given to his small, thin face, with its razor- large man, but the hopelessness of the like profile and its curious blue-gray col- answer was already betrayed in his voice. oring an expression of paddock-learned “One seventy-five. I offered him your craftiness and its reciprocal distrust. That limit an' promised to get him a yoke o' his calling might never be mistaken he cattle fer thirty dollars. And th’ timo wore a short-visored woolen cap ornament- thy he was chewin' never quivered." ed with an almost frivolous bow, and A heavy silence fell upon the little group equipped with adjustable shutters that gathered around the stove in the dismal could be pulled down over his ears. He office of the country hotel. The men had rarely spoke, and when he did his words traveled far and had borne the hardships were accredited with that wisdom given of a no-license town for many parched to men economical in their utterances. hours in the hope that in the end they When he returned to the stove, therefore, would return leading old man Wilcox's and announced without preface or pre- "little brown hoss” behind them. There amble, “I can git you that hoss, Cap, and were four of them in the group, and with at your price,” the silence that was still the large, round man as their chief, they upon the little group became one of defer- constituted a band of modern horse thieves, ence rather than depression. Stung with as keen and active as any to be found in jealousy by the quiet assurance of the their end of the state. The increasing other man and the memory of his own demand for that type of horse vaguely failure, Reed was the first to recover. known to the public as a “high actor,' “I suppose you got an idee you can go the inability of the breeders of legitimate out there and tell old man Wilcox you saw high actors to supply the demand, and Goldsmith Maid trot better 'n fifty once an' the chance that occasionally presented mesmerize him; you think he ain't heard itself of picking up from some farmer a o' no trotters since Dexter's time. A few "high-steppin' hoss," which with proper streaks of enlightenment wouldn't kill you shoeing, bitting and handling might be yet, I guess.” shaped into a very fair counterfeit of the “Bill, how are you goin' to do it?” the genuine article, had given to these country chief inquired, ignoring in his earnestness horsemen a new and oftentimes lucrative the jackal cries of the other. Bill spat occupation. Such an animal was the “lit- arrogantly at a red target glowing through tle brown hoss of Wilcox's”-an equine a broken pane of isinglass. garnet that by diligent search might be “That's my business,” he said. found on a hill pasture or in an orchard The night seemed less cheerless and the of some remote and unenlightened farm. homeward way less weary when the chief That he bore much the same relation to finally commanded his team to be hooked the hackney and the cob that the garnet up. bears to the ruby did not in any measure Two days later the first move was made tend to assuage the grief of those who had in Bill's plan for stealing the "little brown found him, and, through the pernicious hoss.” Between twelve and one o'clock influence of a free rural delivery, had been a man drove up to the Wilcox farm. He unable to pick him up. was a seeds salesman, he told the old man, The vague promise of spring which the and was making a preliminary spring trip March wind had held out earlier in the through his territory. Without undue A Little Brown Horse 163 haste he lured the conversation from crops The man turned his back upon the little to horse. He liked a good horse when horse and started brusquely back to his he saw one, and he admitted that he some- buggy. times availed himself of an opportunity "I've got the mate to that hoss in my “to pick up a good un”-a horse, he ex stable,” he said; "give an even hundred plained, that he might place with some of for him a week ago. I'll give another even his city customers to turn a few honest hundred fer this one,” and he made a dollars. He asked the farmer if he knew threatening movement toward his breast of any such horse. The farmer did. pocket. The farmer shook his head. There was something almost buoyant in “Ye ain't goin' t' git that little hoss fer the tread of the great felt boots as they no hundred,” he snarled, “not if they're led the way to the stall where the "little givin' 'em away where you come from.” brown hoss” was consuming a musty bun Bill's great bear movement was gath- dle of orchard grass in the joy of an un ering impetus. Bill had once told the pampered appetite. Old man Wilcox had brusque business man the exact heat in not forgotten that he had refused a “sum which Wedding Bells was going out to o' money” for that horse. The salesman make his field look like a lot o'steers. The was unfeignedly delighted-he even mut stranger had not forgotten the courtesy. tered the first name of a friend who had Within the next fortnight other men called spoken to him about just such a horse. at the Wilcox place. All of them, soon But when the farmer told him the price he or late, made financial propositions to old only laughed sorrowfully. man Wilcox, and in their ever-diminishing "Same old trouble,” he sighed; “horses munificence these propositions served to worth more 'way out here than they are make the large, round man's offer a thing in the city. Curious, ain't it, where feed's more to be desired-its refusal a folly s' cheap?" He turned to the farmer, more to be deplored. And in the end the apologetically. large, round man came himself. He had "If you don't happen to get rid of him a big, bluff, above-board way with him, at your price,” he said, “and if the time and a roll of very old and very musty bills. comes when one hundred and fifteen dol Farmers of the Wilcox type prefer the lars looks bigger to you than th' little hoss ancient, tattered banknote, with its stale does, just drop me a line.” odor of wealth, to the fresh, crisp currency The first seed was sown. The large that can be bought in job lots from un- round man's offer had been one hundred scrupulous men who live in city hotels and twenty-five dollars. The great felt with high-sounding names. The soft earth boots, plodded back to the woodshed in had stiffened into a congealed crust, and their old, stolid, soggy way. The man who the chill hush of the March evening had had made the one hundred and fifteen dol fallen upon the farm before the earnest- lar offer was a seeds salesman, and he was ness of the large, round man and the elo- making a preliminary spring trip, but he quence of the mildewed roll prevailed. was also a friend of Bill's. At the end of Bobby's training for that new walk in the week another stranger called. He had life into which Fate, with Bill's assistance, heard that the farmer had a likely horse, had called him, began immediately. It and he had come to look him over. He consisted largely in a course of dietetics, had a brusque, business way with him, and and was, from his point of view, a vast the great felt boots almost fluttered down improvement over the old order of things. the path to the barn. The man looked the The hard grind on the farm, with its mo- horse over in a brusque, business way. notonous round of poor, unwholesome fare, “How much?” he demanded. Old man had had its effect upon him. In one of Wilcox was staggered. To ask the price the consultations held around the stove of a horse without preliminary praise or in the little liniment-scented office of the profanity was against all the ethics of the chief, he had admitted cautiously that the profession. He thought of the first offer horse was “a leetle mite dry and tucked and of the second, and he faltered. up," which meant-had the little horse “Ye kin hev him fer one sixty-five,” he been a man-that he was run down, his said sullenly. complexion bad, and that he needed 164 The Outing Magazine bracing up. That accounted for the series cox himself could scarcely have recognized of seemingly unmerited banquets that "the little brown hoss." were tendered him in luxurious sequence. To that element in every rural commu- A tucked-up horse has a long way the best nity which has made the horse the corner- of a run-down man. Twice each week stone of its tabernacle, and whose articles Bobby received a four-quart bran mash, of faith are embraced in sundry remedies seasoned with salt, and a handful of flax for heaves, glanders and contracted feet, seed meal and served hot. The etiology the coming of the buyer from New York of a man's ills is often the cure for a horse's. City is like the coming of the bishop to The rest of the time he lived on huge, cold those about to be confirmed. He is a salads composed of timothy hay, cut in dignitary surrounded by a brass-mounted two-inch lengths, a half quart of bran, and halo. From the shriveled little man three quarts of cracked corn and clipped whose equine ardor is confined to a single oats in equal parts, the whole sprinkled horse with a glorious past and a foundered with cold water and served in a five-gallon present, to the would-be professional who bucket. It was worth traveling miles for, believes he has a "good un," his periodi- and the delightfully ridiculous part of it cal visits are occasions of momentous in- was that he didn't have to travel at all for terest. The shriveled little man knows it. His work, compared with that on the that the opinions he has expressed in the farm, where even the sun's twelve-hour day idle winter days upon every “promisin’ was not adhered to, was purely nominal. animal” within a radius of thirty square In the afternoons he hauled the large, miles will either be confirmed or rejected, round man through the spring mud for an and the would-be professional realizes that hour or two, and then returned for a mas upon the buyer's word may depend all the sage that lasted quite as long and ended law and the profits. The large, round man in cold bandages for his legs and woolen and his band had heard that Johnson- blankets for his loins. With the exception the great Johnson of New York City-was of plates on his front feet four ounces out buying, and they had the “little brown heavier than he had been accustomed to hoss” prepared against the time of his com- wear, little effort was made to correct the ing. When he came the chief was at the flaws in his handsome way o' goin'. These station to meet him. Even to the lay- consisted principally in his inability to man there was something impressive about fold his knees back properly after he had Johnson; his garments were impressive- pulled them up, and a conspicuous de even more so when spattered with spring ficiency in hock action. The flaws were mud. They were a number of consistent not fatal; theoretically, the chief himself sizes too large for him and hung from his knew how to remove them, but it was wiser tall, spare frame with a sort of swaggering to leave that task to the buyer. The grace. There also clung to them the defi- large, round man had dealt in equine wares nite aroma of his calling. When he talked long enough to know that it is not safe business he had an impressive way of to experiment too much with a diamond drawing his man aside with a slight, silent in the rough. And in the meantime the jerk of his head. In a trackless wilder- little brown horse grew fat and hand ness, with only one other man present, he some. undoubtedly would have done the same The new prosperity that had come to had he contemplated buying the other him did not ruin him-as it ruins many man's horse. He received the homage of horses and men. His claim to aristoc the local court with callous indifference, racy was based upon more substantial and that afternoon drove out with the ground than mere outward semblance to large, round man behind the "little brown it. The rough and ragged coat he had hoss.” worn at Wilcox's was removed by a process The horse was driven with a plain snaf- considerably more expeditious than na fle bit and an overhead bearing rein. He ture's. The collar and trace galls-scars carried his head very badly indeed. The of his plebeian days—were rubbed with large man knew he would. He also knew oily lotions, a dentist floated his teeth, and that the little horse, with a tight breech- at the end of the sixth week old man Wil- ing and long traces, could not work well A Little Brown Horse 165 within himself or do himself justice. Like teeth and puckered a fold of skin from the wise he knew that Johnson knew these horse's ribs. Then he turned and beck- things. He wanted to leave some things oned the chief over into a corner of the to Johnson's imagination. empty barn. In spite of the deliberate impediments, “How much is he worth to you?” he however, the little horse strove valiantly asked, looking the other squarely in the performing his work cheerfully and not with eye. The large, round man was not dis- out a display of pride in his accomplish- mayed. ments. He gave an earnest, painstaking “Two hundred and fifty dollars," he exhibition of his “handsome way o' goin'," answered, promptly. and under the circumstances it was a very “He's worth just two hundred and creditable performance. When Johnson twenty-five dollars to me, at the station, took the reins the little horse recognized to-morrow morning at six o'clock," said instantly the touch of a master hand, and Johnson; “do you want my check or the responded with that quick sympathy which horse?" exists between horses of courage and men The next day the little horse journeyed who were born to rule them. He picked westward on his way to an equine finishing his feet up with a crude showiness that in school, conducted by the buyer in an ad- the light of his self-complacency was al- joining state. That same day the large, most pathetic. His whole manner changed. round man pored over a musty yellow In his unsophisticated mind he realized ledger, and did arithmetic on the backs of that he was on dress parade, that upon envelopes. He estimated finally that with his behavior depended in some mysterious hay $16.50 a ton, oats $1.05 a hundred, way his future career; and he played his bran 90 cents a hundred and $15 worth of part with blithe spirits and an undaunted incidentals (which included $10 for Bill heart. The large man's own heart warmed and a series of fermented regards to the within him and its glow was reflected in others), “the little hoss stood him just his face. $165”—a profit of almost fifty per cent. "Ain't he a cheerful, bold-goin' little on the original investment. cuss, now, Johnson?” He spoke appeal At the finishing school the brown horse ingly, as though he would wring a word of became merely one in a class of a hundred praise from the buyer in spite of him. or more green and rustic pupils, gathered "Can't pull those hocks high enough to from all parts of the provinces. The get his feet over a cigarette," answered heavy plates were pulled off and a pair of the emotionless Johnson, “and if he can't "rolling” shoes substituted. These were fold his knees back better than he does made low at the heel and toe and high on now I couldn't get rid of him to a fish either side, giving them the shape of a peddler-carries his head like a dog." miniature rocker. They were of vast as- “I ain't sayin' he's a finished actor,” sistance to the little horse in acquiring the retorted the large, round man, “ner that art of traveling with the least possible he's ready fer th' Park just yet, but he's amount of lost motion. For a time his got th' stuff in him—it's there-an' all hind shoes were removed entirely, and you fellers have got to do is to bring it when he was shod again it was with a out, and when you do—” and the large heavier pair than he had ever worn before. man spoke as one who had had a vision By a curious perversion of the laws of "I'll guarantee you, Johnson, there won't common sense this additional weight made be a kinder, cheerfuller, honester, sweeter, him lift his feet much higher, and conse- er freer-goin' little hoss ever looked through quently gave him at least an artificial a bridle.” hock action. A heavy bar bit took the Johnson merely indulged in one of his place of the snaffle, and the reins were con- rare, reluctant smiles. stantly being changed from one notch in When the little horse was driven finally the bar to another. When they were onto the barn floor with a flourish and buckled in the lowest notch a man sat crash of hoofs that was a fitting climax to behind him in a cart, and he was made the performance, the buyer looked him to stand still while the man sent a series over indifferently, glanced once at his of short, quivering vibrations through the 166 The Outing Magazine reins. This was often continued for a long Doctor, became a dreadful lugger.” The time until gradually his neck assumed a doctor did not know, just at the moment, new curve, and he no longer carried his of any horse he could thoroughly recom- head like a dog. Even a dog would have mend, but he would look about and keep found it difficult to carry his head like one his eyes open. with that insistent jarring going on be "By the way,” he added, bowing his hind his lower jaw. One day a cord was callers out, “have you any preference in tied tightly around his tail, and the next color, and about how much do you wish morning the tail was slipped through a to pay?” pair of bars that had been placed across "I prefer a dark bay or brown,” said his stall. There was a dull, painless thud, the woman. the searing of a hot iron, and the little “Not more than six hundred and fifty brown horse had become a member of the dollars," said the man. dock-tailed aristocracy. Soon afterward When the door had closed behind them, a man who breathed always in automatic, the doctor went directly to the telephone. audible sighs pulled out by the roots "Can you have that little brown horse whole handfuls of mane, and instead of you showed me this afternoon,” he asked, its being an unpleasant experience the "ready by to-morrow afternoon? Will he little horse found it rather soothing. The do for a woman? He will-all right- insides of his ears were clipped and pol- five fifty, you said? To-morrow between ished as smooth as the inside of an oy four and six-good-bye." ster shell. The same generous bill-of-fare "A nice, breedy type," suggested the provided first by the chief was still main doctor to Mr. and Mrs. Gordon as the tained, and at the end of the second month three stood on the edge of a tanbark ring of the finishing school neither old man Wil and watched the evolutions of a little cox nor the large, round man could have brown horse in a brass-mounted harness. recognized “the little brown hoss.” Neither the glitter of the harness, the bored The veterinary surgeon received his call- expression of the young man behind him, ers with the deference and easy courtesy nor the painted splendor of the equine a fashionable physician bestows upon his stars in the great frieze above him appeared patients. There was little in his bearing in any way to affect the little horse. He or in his surroundings to identify him performed his work conscientiously and with the horse doctor of popular tradition. cheerfully and with a showiness that did The bric-a-brac in his office did not con not seem pathetic in its crudity. The poise sist of spavined joints nor navicularized of his head was surely patrician. hoofs. Instead its walls were hung with “A nice little horse,” said the man in- photographs of members of the Horse differently; he appeared to be in a hurry. Show set and with some rare sporting "I call him a horse of a great deal of prints. One of these was an original by quality,” said the woman, aggressively. Howith. It had cost the doctor sixty “A great deal of class, indeed,” concurred guineas in London. He could afford it. the doctor; "well coupled, nicely bal- In various ways he made fifteen thousand anced shoulders, plenty of bone and cour- dollars a year. age, and a sweet, cheerful way of going The man visitor was the first to explain about his work. I do not believe, Mr. the purpose of their call. Gordon, you can go wrong on him.” “Mrs. Gordon has decided that she must The man turned inquiringly to the have a new horse this spring,” he began; woman, and she nodded her head. "some smart, trappy little horse, I be “Doctor, will you see that he is sent lieve, that she can drive to a runabout in around to my stable in the morning ?” The town and one free enough to work as a man added, “The price, you say, is six leader in a country tandem.” hundred and forty dollars. “Do you know of any such horse?” And the next afternoon there was added the woman interrupted, “a horse not more to that brass-mounted pageant that sweeps than fifteen-two, well mannered, and with through the eastern drive of the Park in some class--something you can thoroughly endless glitter and splendor “the little recommend. That last horse, you know, brown hoss o' Wilcox's." HUNTING THE SAWFISH BY CHARLES F. HOLDER PAINTING BY C. F. W. MIELATZ E had been trolling then as it toppled, the musical crash; the for big barracu next instant I was lying in foam and the das in the Mexican boat half full. But we made a permanent Gulf, sailing up connection with that wave and went whirl- W and down the ing in, so close to the rocks that I could long line of break have touched them with an oar on one side ers that broke and my hand on the other—"five-foot” in- with musical roar deed. As the wave left us, we floated in on the outer Flor the still waters of the inner and shallow la- ida Reef, when the goon, the home of the sawfish and the ray. long-toothed muzzle of a sawfish shot out It required but a few moments to bail of water in the lagoon, followed by half the out the boat and unship the mast, rolling body, which fell with a resounding crash. the latter up in the sail; then with grains I had long wished to try conclusions with in hand I stood in the bow while Chief a sawfish and here seemed to be the oppor- sculled in the direction of the spot where tunity; but while the big fish was not fifty we had seen the big fish. A more ideal yards away, there was between us the fangs place for fishing could hardly be imagined of the reef, a long line of dead coral rock, than this vast lagoon, surrounded on one known as the outer or fringing reef, upon side by the line of foam indicating the reef; which the sea beat heavily and with an on the other, by a long island just above the ominous roar. It was at least two miles water, and to the south opening into the around, which meant losing the location of Gulf, covered here and there by vast plan- the fish. tations of branch coral. At high tide this “There's the 'five-foot,'" said Chief, my sandy lagoon was eight or ten feet deep, and boatman; "we may get wet, but we can was a natural spawning and feeding ground swim.” for many fishes; at night it simply swarmed Again the big saw shot out of water. I with them in all sizes, as a haul with the handed Chief the tiller, took the sheet of seine often demonstrated. The bottom the sprit sail, and threw off my shoes, ready was a soft gray, sometimes white, so that for the swim should it be necessary. We any dark object upon it could be distinctly were nearly opposite the little channel, of seen; even the big conchs, the holothuri- whose bearings I was ignorant, and pres ans and white sea eggs stood out in relief ently the Seminole had the yawl before the as we glided along Far ahead was a wind, and apparently headed for the surf, ripple of mullet, the fish occasionally leap- as no opening was to be seen. She gathered ing into the air in wild affright, and just be- headway at every plunge, and in a short hind them, moving slowly along, a huge time was on a big wave, that melted into a dark patch. Ahead of us was a clear half breaker under her nose, carrying us in like mile before reaching the few mangroves a rocket, and in the hollow I saw the jagged which designated Bush Key. A better fang-like rocks of the reef. I was lying flat place to locate the game could not be had, on my back holding the slack of the sheet, and as Chief quickened his pace, forcing and could not see the next breaker, but I the boat through the water, I mounted the could hear it coming, hissing on behind us, little deck to see that the grains line was 167 168 The Outing Magazine clear. Grains, it may be said, is merely a wave that we were drenched (not unwel. two-pronged spear-each prong about five come in the terrific heat). inches long, the barb working on a swivel The sawfish occasionally came to the or pivot, so that it closes when it strikes surface, exposing its back, then plunged and opens out in the flesh. The base of down with a suddenness that jerked the the iron is a cup, two and a half inches head of the boat under and made it neces- deep, that fits over the end of a slender sary to cling to the side. Its course was yellow pine handle about nine feet in straight as an arrow and continued so for length, light and pliable, intended for toss a fourth of a mile; then, as its speed ing or throwing through the air. To the seemed to be increasing, it was deemed iron is fastened a stout line, one hundred necessary to make an attempt to stop it; feet in length, coiled in the boat, the iron, so I crawled forward while Chief shipped of course, coming unshipped at the moment his oars in the rowlocks farthest astern. of the strike. The painter was as rigid as a rod of steel, We were now so near the dark object that and only by leaning far out could I obtain its outline could readily be seen, and that a grasp upon it, at which moment the fish it was the sawfish there was no doubt. It plunged down, burying my face in foam. was moving slowly along, evidently follow The big game undoubtedly recognized ing the line of the reef, either feeding or some form of attack in the move, as it in- trying to find an opening into deep water. creased its speed, jerking away the foot or We came up directly behind it to the right. more of line which I gained several times; For a few seconds its big tail was beneath but finally I succeeded in making six feet me, and I could see the peculiar graceful and securing a turn about the seat, and twisting motion and note the quick widen Chief put his oars over and backed, holding ing of the body until at the pectoral fins it them with all his power while I surged on was like a huge ray, then narrowing down the line, gaining foot by foot-strenuous to the long saw. With a swift motion Chief work under a sun whose normal rate was sent the boat ahead until I was almost 103° in the shade. It was such seemingly directly over the fish, which, low on the impossible work that I told Chief to drop bottom, had not perceived us, and it was the oars and lay on, and we both hauled an easy matter to drive the spear into its now, making several feet or losing two or back near the head; much easier than to one; then our arms were wrenched vio- drop into the boat and dodge the enormous lently by the constant and desperate body which shot out of water fully exposing plunges of the fish, that apparently realized the long saw; then it dropped with a crash that its enemy was drawing nearer. and dashed ahead, the line jumping from “Heave-0!” cried Chief-an old sailor the coil like a snake striking. -dropping into his chanty. “Ahoy-ah-e- Chief had whirled the bow of the boat ahoy!” and so we hauled and pulled, taking away from the fish as it leaped, and for a a turn at every gain until we could see the moment we watched the flying line and game, and held on, breathing hard, choking lay low, waiting for the shock. The line for very dryness in the midst of flying scud. had been made fast to the painter, and Chief doubtless bemoaned his hard luck at when the last coil leaped over, it came taut having a patron who cared to fool with such with a jerk that would have thrown any impossible game, and I wondered whether one standing completely out of the boat. such exertion could by any stretch of the As it was, Chief very nearly went over, imagination be construed into sport; yet recovering himself with my aid, and away neither thought of giving up; the wild we went. Neptune and his wild horses desire to win had taken possession of our were tame to it, and there was great con senses and win we would. solation in knowing that we were within All this time the fish was flying up the swimming distance of two islands and a reef, and the few trees on Bush Key that reef and that sharks were not dangerous had looked like shadows against the blue in the lagoon. The speed with which the sky now took form and we could make out fish carried us was marvelous, and where the pelicans' nests in them, all of which the water was shallow it literally hauled meant a change of direction or our game the nose of the boat so deep into the foam would run high upon the reef. Nearer Painting by C. F. W. Mielalz. “The sawfish raised itself to the surface, lashing the water into foam and almost sinking the boat by thrusting its huge body over it.” - Hunting the Sawfish 169 came the island, the big seas on our right fish raised itself to the surface and lashed appeared to be flying past, when suddenly the water into foam, hurling it over us and the water shoaled and with a quick lift of almost sinking the boat by thrusting its its long tail the fish turned at right angles huge body over it. so quickly and with so savage a rush in the We were in shallow water, not over four new direction that there was not time for feet in depth, and the fish apparently used the boat to turn, and she was dragged the bottom as a lever and displayed a vast around-an operation which nearly cap amount of strength; threshing about, try- sized her despite our scramble to windward, ing to roll over, leaping and pushing ahead, and before I could slack off the line she was and when working its body to the surface a third full of water; yet we still rushed it lashed the water with such terrific blows along that for a few moments we were doubtful “That 'll fix him,” cried Chief, taking of the outcome. But Chief held the saw, the bailer and beginning to throw out the having now a turn about the thwart, and I water while I endeavored to gain what rope did the same with the grains line, keeping I had lost. But it was impossible work; the fish as nearly in one place as possible. the movements of the fish were now erratic, As a result we presently noticed a diminish- it was swimming in a great circle that ing of fire in the struggles, there was less carried us toward Long Key, then it headed vigor in the bounds, and a part at least of down toward the channel half a mile dis the great game's strength had been ex- tant. hausted; it was merely taking us slowly “If he reaches that we're lost," said down the lagoon by the fitful movements Chief; "he too big for two men,” so he got of its tail. When it became comparatively out the oars and held them against the fish. quiet Chief lashed the saw and taking the This in a short time had perceptible oars, began to pull in the direction of Long effect. The fish slowed up and I gained Key, about fifty yards away. When shal- six or eight feet. Then Chief dropped the low water was reached the sawfish made a oars and we both lay on and presently final effort and lunged against the boat hauled the boat directly over the fish, with such good effect as to half fill her, which had turned to the east and was throwing us both over into waist-deep speeding so that the boat's nose was deep water. But the game was ours, and Chief in the water. wading in with the painter, we slowly “Heave_O!” shouted Chief and we hauled the fish in until its head was out of heaved. “Ahoy-a-he-O! Now one more. water; then we waited for it to die, after Ahoy!” and we lay back and pulled. Then which the rope was cast off and the fish something seemed to give and the fish rose hauled farther in, and with the help of some into the air, so quickly that we fell back negroes pulled above high-water mark that ward into the bottom of the boat while a the saw might be taken as a trophy. It saw with spines or teeth an inch in length was impossible to weigh so huge a "beastie,” came slashing at us. It struck the gun but it measured nearly fourteen feet, and wale, where the Indian's head had been we estimated its weight at between six and peering down into the water a moment be seven hundred pounds, owing to its enor- fore, with a blow that might have severely mous bulk. wounded him, the ivory teeth sinking into If one desires sport that is fully and com- the wood, to be wrenched out as the fish pletely strenuous from start to finish, with swung its tremendous head in the opposite more than a soupçon of risk and danger direction. Three or four times the mad thrown in, permit me to commend the cap- dened creature swung its toothed sword ture of this interesting creature, neither back and forth, each time burying the fangs true shark nor ray, yet suggestive of both, into the boat. As it finally tore away Chief which in deep water is more than a match skillfully sent a rope into the air, which for several men. The fishing ground in dropped over the saw, and with a jerk had which I took the sawfish was eminently it fast, that is, as the Indian said later, “had adapted for the sport, owing to the shallow the head end fast.” It could not strike, water which made it possible to fight a big but the tail became the active member, and fish to the finish; but rarely were my ex- by great bound-like convolutions the saw periences so fortunate, as when I grained a 170 The Outing Magazine A big sawfish in the central portion of the lagoon with about a foot of water, utterly impos- it invariably dashed into the deep channel sible for a boat; but directly for this sub- and by exhausting the line, broke it or merged wall the sawfish swam like a hurdle pulled out the grains. Perhaps the most racer which nothing could stop. Whether exciting and disastrous encounter I had the fish knew the reef was there and in- with these gamy creatures was one intense tended to scrape us off and perhaps liter- ly hot day when we were poling along the ally commit hari-kari itself, could not be lagoon, hunting for the rare queen conch. told; in any event it kept on, and all our I had just come up from a deep and in efforts to divert it and change its direction vigorating dive with one of the splendid failed. We steered the boat to right and shells when my boatman, a Saccotra boy, left, held back with the oars; but the fish said: “I was scairt to death, sa. swam on, crazed, perhaps, determined to sawfish went amblin' by jes' after yo' went reach the Gulf by the shortest method, the down over yander. I thought it was a surf route. I took the big fish-knife in shark sure. He was gwine up de lagoon, hand and stood by the rope, intending to the biggest, onariest ole cuss I ever see.” cut it if necessary, and Scope sat at his As Scope said he was “jes' amblin',” I. oars. I fully expected to see the fish decided to follow, and getting out the ground, but in a few moments it reached grains, bade him scull after the wanderer, the reef, seemed to waver a moment then that was evidently coming in hungry from slid over it with a rush, grounding once and the outer and deeper waters. We sighted going into a frenzy as the wave let it down it not two hundred yards in, a mighty fel on to the rock; but lifted by another it low of plethoric bulk between the shoulders, surged on, plunged into a great roller, and and a tempting saw, like a great sword ex reached the Gulf with the boat two hun- tending ahead-an incomprehensible weap dred feet behind at the end of a long shark on unless one chanced to see it swung line. back and forth in a school of mullets or "Yo' better cut, sa,” said Scope, glancing waved over one's head like the scimeter at the white sea ahead. "Ain't yo' gwine of Aladdin. It was still too deep to grain, to cut, sa?” came again in a tremulous so we followed the stupid one, which looked voice. “I'm gwine to leave, sa,” this time neither to the right nor left for very good in desperation, and over went Scope, while reasons, but moved straight on, climbing the boat rushed on the reef and grounded the rapidly shoaling floor of the lagoon to on a rock. the land flowing with milk and honey-for As a big roller came over, filling her, I echini, crayfish and holothurians, or bêche tried to cut, but was choked off by the de mer were the milk and honey of this water, and in the meantime the rope broke. sawfish. It presently turned to the left “So you thought you would get out and to avoid some branch coral and entered one walk and leave me in the moment of of the winding lanes in the coral, to sudden- peril?” I said, trying to conceal my laugh- ly find itself in very shallow water in the ter and assume an amount of sternness be- center of the lagoon; and here we crept fitting the desertion, as Scope came wading upon it, Scope shooting the dinghy ahead up. quickly while I tossed the grains. There "Well, mawster," replied the crestfallen was a swirl of waters, and Scope jerked the negro, “yo'll have to scuse me. I ain't dinghy around just in time to place us head nat'rally no hurdle jumper, an' I've got er on as the jerk came, and we rushed after fambly over yander," pointing to the key. the flying fish. Scope rallied as I burst into a laugh, and It so happened that it was half tide and that night at the quarters I heard him tell a heavy sea was beating on the fringing some boys that I could have followed the reef, covering the dead ragged coral heads fish "ef I'd only had wings. SIDE SHOW STUDIES THE TRAGEDY OF THE TIGERS AND THE POWER OF HYPNOTISM BY FRANCIS METCALFE DRAWINGS BY OLIVER HERFORD Operforo animals excited them; but whatever the cause, there was trouble in the narrow run- way at the back of the dens when they entered it to go to the exhibition cage for their first Coney Island appearance. The sound of their snarling and growling, the reports of pistol shots and the cracking of training whips caused a sensation of un- easiness in the audience until the first tiger bounded through the door at the back of the cage, closely followed by a half-dozen others. Dangerous beasts they looked as they threw themselves against the stout bars, which rattled from the impact of their great bodies, and the front seats of the auditorium were quickly vacated by the audience. The noise in the runway con- "The first tiger bounded through the door." tinued, but the deep throaty growls which came from behind the dens were of a differ- (HAUNCEY DEPEW was at the ent quality from the snarling and yapping bottom of all the trouble; not the of the seven beasts in the exhibition cage, punctured senator from the state and when the last of the tigers appeared of New York, but his namesake, one of the in the doorway the first arrivals made re- handsomest double-striped, royal Bengal newed efforts to escape through the bars. tigers ever captured. Depew was the cen It was Depew; not the good-natured- tral figure in the group which Miller, the looking great cat whose “I have eaten the trainer of tigers, had worked so hard to canary" expression and smug whiskers had educate, and it was his rebellion which suggested his name, but a jungle tiger who made the teacher's labors of years come to had "gone bad," as the animal trainers call naught. Late in the season, after months it, and who stood for a moment in the spent in giving the finishing touches to their doorway, wrathfully surveying his frantic education while they were with a small part companions and selecting a victim. Froth of the show which was exhibited near Cleve was dripping from his snarling lips, his land, the tigers were brought to Dream small eyes were blazing like two points of land; a group of eight magnificent beasts, flame, the hair on his neck and back stood all jungle bred and each worthy of a place up like bristles, and his great tail struck in any menagerie. Perhaps it was the dis the door-casing resounding whacks, as he comfort of the journey in the small travel lashed it from side to side. Only a mo- ing cages, possibly the change in the sur ment he stood there, and then the great roundings and the nearness of the other striped body hurtled through the air as if C 171 172 The Outing Magazine 9 Herford ing ferociously, his tail lashing from side to side. Miller never took his eyes from him and kept between him and the door as he called the others by name and tried to regain control of them. One tiger after another was released, glad of the oppor- tunity to escape, as the door to the run- way was opened at Miller's signal, until only Depew, the body of Bombay and the trainer occupied the cage. The other tigers had entered into a gen- eral free fight in the runway, but the noise of their bickering was unheeded in the ex- citement of the contest in the exhibition cage. Depew rose as Miller cracked his whip and approached him, and made a rush which the trainer met with his pronged training rod, driving it hard between the widely opened jaws while his whip rained blows upon the tiger's face. But he was * Depew was still crouched on the body of his victim." only checked for a moment, and under his fiercer attack the trainer was forced to give shot from a catapult, and covering a good ground. They were so close that the tiger twenty feet in the spring it landed fair on could not spring, but he struck savagely Bombay, one of the largest tigers in the with his great fore-paws and tried again group. The aim was a true one and the and again to pass the guard which Miller sound of breaking bone mingled with a maintained with the training rod, using it scream of pain from his victim, as Bombay as a fencer uses a foil. It was an unequal sank under the weight of the blow, his cer contest and the trainer realized that he was vical vertebræ crushed between Depew's beaten; Depew would not be driven from powerful jaws. the cage. The useless training whip was The door had been closed behind Depew discarded and a savage rush from the tiger when he made his spring, and the other was met by a pistol shot in the face, blank tigers were chasing madly about the great cartridge, of course, but effective for a mo- cage, looking for a chance to escape. There ment. Five more shots followed in quick was no desire to fight left in them, but when succession and the trainer backed quickly they collided with each other they snapped toward the door, when his foot slipped, he and struck with the instinct of self-preser was on his back, and Depew, quick to seize vation, their sharp claws and teeth cutting the advantage, stood over him. gashes in the sleek striped coats. It was Every keeper connected with the show evident that all training had been for stood about the cage with the Roman gotten, that fear of anything so puny as candles, fire extinguishers, pistols and irons man had departed from the minds of the which are always kept in readiness, and tigers, and a groan went up from the audi any or all of them would have willingly en- ence when the door was opened and quick tered to rescue the man, but experience ly closed behind Miller, the trainer, who has taught them that two cannot work to- stood, whip and training rod in hand, in gether in a cage with animals. They were the cage with the maddened animals. He quick to act, and a stream of water under went about his work as quietly as if it were heavy pressure from the fire hose struck only an ordinary performance, his object the tiger in the side, exploding fireworks being to return his pupils to their dens be scorched his skin, the din of revolver shots fore further damage was done and to try was in his ears, while the wads from the to make them recognize that they were cartridges stung him, but he seemed con- obeying him. scious only of the prostrate form beneath Depew was still crouched on the body him. At last his chance had come; the of his victim, biting at the neck and growl trainer who for long months had made him Side Show Studies 173 do foolish things which were beneath the ing among themselves. They average dignity of a royal tiger was in his power, over a thousand apiece, for I bought the revolver which had so often checked only the best, and figure up the cost of him was emptied; the cruel training rod their keep, transportation and trainers' was powerless, for the hand which held it salaries for three years and you will find was pinned to the floor by a huge paw. that I am not far out. That is the diffi- Cat-like he paused to glory in his triumph, culty of the show business in America, the loath to give the coup de grace which would public demands so much. It is a mar- put his victim beyond the reach of suf velous thing, when you come to think of fering, and he stood there growling, the it, to see one educated tiger; but if he bloody slaver from his jaws dripping on the wore evening clothes and played the fiddle upturned face of the prostrate man. it wouldn't impress the Americans; they Animal trainers need to think quickly would demand a full orchestra. I can give and to seize the slightest moment of hesi an act an hour long in Paris with one high tation or indecision on the part of their school horse, but here they want fifty pupils if they wish to be long-lived, and liberty horses in a bunch and only care to Miller, as he fell, had thrown his useless watch them for ten minutes. I realized pistol out of the cage and uttered the one that from Bonavita's act with the lions; word “Load! There was no time for that, no individual lion did very much, but the but Tudor, seeing that the trainer had one fact that there were twenty-seven of them arm free, threw his own pistol through the in the cage drew the crowds. That's what bars and it slid across the floor of the cage made me start in with the tigers, and I in- straight as a die to the outstretched hand. tended to get a big group, but now I am It was a time when fractions of a second back where I started from. I don't be- count and Depew's hesitation robbed him lieve a troupe of tigers can ever be trained.” of his revenge. The opened jaws were “Hagenbeck has them,” ventured the within a foot of the trainer's throat when Stranger. “They seem as tame as kittens the muzzle of the pistol went between with his show.” them, and Depew, coughing and choking, "That's just the point,” answered the drew back, his throat scorched by the burn- Proprietor. “They are as tame as kittens: ing powder, his eyes momentarily blinded undersized brutes which have been raised by the stream from a fire extinguisher, in captivity and which go through their while Miller struggled to his feet. act like domestic cats. That isn't what “People who see the crowds at my show the public wants. A sensation—the reali- think that I must coin money,” said the zation that every animal in the cage is a wild Proprietor as he joined the Press Agent animal and that he is liable to remember and the Stranger after the performance. "But that accident in the Arena to-night means a loss of fifty thousand dollars to me.” "Isn't that a high fig- ure, even if they all die?” asked the Stran- ger, who had been do- ing a little mental arith- metic. “For those eight, yes, although a trained tiger is worth all sorts of money, but I have pur- chased twenty-eight in all for that group, and oppis the others have been killed one by one, fight- “Depew, coughing and choking, drew back," 174 The Outing Magazine "Merritt was quick enough to get a strangle hold around the snake's neck." it at any minute - is what holds atten mon boa-constrictor with a pair of shark's tion. That is why I always use jungle teeth and a dish of bird lime it would have animals when I can get them, for although fooled me. That snake was proud of the they can be as well trained they always horns which Merritt glued on his head, too, perform under protest and it makes it and he used to chase the other snakes exciting. But the losses from fighting around the cage and butt 'em like a giddy among themselves make it mighty expen- billy-goat. But in spite of all his ingenu- sive to keep up the big groups which the ity in originating new varieties, business American public demands.” was dropping off, for the public demanded “That's one of the things which drove quantity as well as quality and we had me out of the show business,” said the skinned the local snake market clean. We Press Agent as he set his empty glass on were sitting in the office one day, figuring the table and signaled to the waiter. “A on where we could get additions to our guy named Merritt and myself had a snake collection, when a stout, red-faced little show in New York a few years ago which man who had 'sea captain' written all over presented the most complete collection of him came in and asked if we wanted any reptiles ever gotten together, for it con more snakes. Merritt allowed that we did tained specimens of every species of wrig- if the snakes and the prices were right, and gler known to herpetology and a good many asked where we could inspect them. that were not described in the books. That "Well, I've got one that I brought from man Merritt was an inventive genius and Borneo and he's on a ship down in the har- had the California sharp, Burbank, beaten bor,' says the Captain. 'We won't argue a mile when it came to inventing new none about the price, for if you'll come species. When business was dull he'd take down and take him away you can have him a lot of common, ordinary snakes into the for nothing. That made Merritt a little back room and with a bottle of peroxide suspicious, and he asked the Captain if it of hydrogen and an assortment of aniline were his ship. dyes he would bring out albinos and spotted “I reckoned it was until two days ago, and striped snakes which made the scien when that blame snake broke loose,' he tists open their eyes and kept 'em busy answered irritably. “Since then he seems inventing new Latin names. to own it, and not a man jack of the crew “His biggest success was 'The Great will go below. I've tried to shoot him, but Two-horned Rhinoceros Serpent,' which the beggar's too quick, and I want to dis- made 'em all sit up for a month, and if I charge my cargo, so if you ain't afraid to hadn't seen Merritt working over a com tackle him, come on.' -- Side Show Studies 175 “Me afraid! Me?' says Merritt throw his shoulder and we all rubbered down the ing out a chest. "Why, man alive, I'm hatchway to watch the capture. the only living snake charmer who ever “I knew what he would try to do, for I dared handle the dangerous Two-horned had seen him work it before. The way to Rhinoceros Serpent, and do you think I'd get one of those big snakes is to cover his weaken before a common Borneo python?' head with a bag, and then he'll crawl in “'I dunno whether you will or not until himself to get into the dark, which is a I see you try,' says the Captain. I've serpent's idea of safety. The more you handled a Malay crew, which is worse than prod 'em the faster they'll crawl, and that serpents, and I've mixed it up with most was the time when Merritt always made of the scum that sails the seven seas, but passes with his hands and muttered gibber- this blame snake's got me bluffed, all right. ish to impress the spectators. He started He's three fathom long, as big around as in according to programme as soon as he the main mast, and made up principally of located the snake, which was half hidden muscle and wickedness.' among a lot of casks. · The snake carried “Just watch me. Watch me!' says out his part and struck at the opened bag Merritt. I'll use my wonderful hypnotic which Merritt held out to him, but instead power and you'll see the serpent crawl into of sticking his head in he grabbed it with the bag at my command, to be easily trans his teeth, and as Merritt held on he drew ported to this moral and elevating show him back among the barrels and there was for exhibition as an example of the power a pretty fight. a pretty fight. Merritt was quick enough of mind over matter.' to get a strangle hold around the snake's "All right, professor,' says the Captain. neck and then it kept him busy keeping ‘But if you'll take my advice you'll stow out of his coils. The Captain hadn't lied those shore-going togs and get into working much about the size of the python-he was rig before you tackle him. Merritt was about thirty feet long--and Merritt didn't arrayed in all his finery, and if you'd ever have time to use any incantation, although seen him you'd know that that meant a lot, considerable forcible language floated up for when he was flush he could make Solo- through the hatchway. They wiped the mon in all his glory, or any other swell deck with each other for about twenty min- dresser, look like a dirty deuce in a new utes, and Merritt had been bumped against deck. He had on a light suit with checks pretty nearly every cask in the hold be- which were so loud they drowned the fore he finally succeeded in drawing the music of the orchestra, and a shirt which sack over the snake's head. Then it was would make a summer sunset hide its head easy, and in spite of his lack of breath the in disappointment. Patent leather shoes showman in Merritt asserted itself. He put with yellow tops and a white plug hat with the sack on the floor, and with one foot a black band around it completed his cos on the neck of it he prodded the snake's tume, except for a few specimens of yellow body with the other while he made mys- diamonds which adorned his shirt front and terious passes with his hands until the tip cuffs. of the tail disappeared. When the sack "Merritt snorted contemptuously at the was securely tied up the python was hoisted suggestion and we started for the ship. on deck, and Merritt, his clothing torn and When we got on board he made a little soiled with pitch and the miscellaneous speech before he went into the hold, telling oily and sticky things which made up the the sailors about his wonderful hypnotic ship's cargo, climbed up after it. power and how he would exercise it to “Did you see me?' he asked proudly, charm the serpent which was preventing throwing out his chest. “Did you observe their worthy Captain from reaping the re the wonderful hypnotic power which over- wards of his arduous toil and his hardihood came the prowess of the serpent?' in having braved the perils of the vasty “Yes, I noticed it, along toward the deep. The sailors listened and grinned, finish,' answered the Captain, grinning but the Captain was getting impatient and skeptically as he sized up Merritt's dilap- suggested that Merritt get the snake first idated idated apparel. 'But say, professor, what and give his spiel afterward, so Merritt I can't understand is why you didn't get went down the ladder with the bag over it working sooner.'” Where balancing is as necessary to success as neetness of foot. KING OF THE KERB CONCERNING THE COSTER AT WORK AND PLAY BY MAY DONEY ILLUSTRATED WITH COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPHS L ONDON'S outdoor man is the coster. though his pitch is below the kerb, his He is the Ishmael of our gutters. caravan a barrow, and his beast of burden A very jolly Ishmael, it is true, who a Russian pony, a donkey, or himself, he is more than content to acknowledge the is as free and as exclusive as any other line of demarcation between himself and lusty scion of the people who live under the true cockney. But, nevertheless, in a the skies. Ishmael he is, and Ishmael he modified, twentieth-century way, he is still chooses to remain. And the chances are the wild man whose hand is against every ten to one that whoever goes a-fishing for man's, and every man's against his. He information among the barrows will come is probably the last remnant of the world's back with an empty creel or a fine show of old race of wanderers—the last suggestion fisherman's tales. For your coster knows of the primitive man-left to the cities. both how to keep silence and how to use He is to us town dwellers what the gypsy his tongue picturesquely in defense of his is to the countryside. His descent seems jealously guarded traditions and the inter- to spring from the same roving stock. And nal economies of his existence. he is regarded, from a safe distance, with Being an outdoor man, you would ex- the same contempt by those who don't pect the coster to be a sportsman, an ath- know him. His habits and his impulses lete, or a player of games for the games' still savor strongly of the days when tribe sake. Some people will tell you he is the warred against tribe, and every man's arm one man in all London who utterly lacks was for himself and his clan. And al- the true spirit of sport. His god is the 176 King of the Kerb 177 main chance. He will do nothing unless gutter. Life has always been to him a it is likely to prove worth while. He will gamble with circumstances—the laying of only exert himself for the sake of an ad odds against evens. He has had no time vantage. You will find boxers, cyclists, for cultivating that higher spirit of recrea- running men-representatives, in fact, of tion which finds the chief delight in the most branches of sport-amongst the cos doing, and is ruled by the most delicate ters. But it is all done for what they can laws of propriety. Frankly, his object is get out of it, never for the glory and the to chip out a foothold for himself upon the pure pleasure. And, with the exception of rock of time, cling to it with all his grap- their donkey racing, they have no charac- pling powers, and knock off anybody who teristic sport or game of their own. climbs close enough to endanger his own It would scarcely be so surprising were position. And so, when he plays, he plays the accusation true. The coster has al with the main object of making something ways been a trader “on the edge,” whether out of his amusement. he bartered contraband goods or sold the Master this fact that the coster is a born overflow of glutted markets, whether his gambler, and you may consider yourself pitch has been upon the seashore or in the an inside spectator. Approach him fairly The coster sometimes utilizes the "pram" between infant arrivals. - - Donkey racing is the coster's one characteristic sport. He goes in for fancy races on his own feet also. 180 The Outing Magazine from this point of view, stripping off all sleep, his wits must shine to a razor edge, prejudices, and you begin to understand or he will be “done” by the market auc- him, and to find out what a good sort he tioneers. For, in order to be even with is. His faults and his virtues are those of these gentlemen, you require to be able to the natural man. He has inherited them see, if not through a brick wall, at any rate from generations of forefathers whose aim through a packing case. Take the instance has been to “best” the world at large, of dry fruit. Your buyer is shown a sam- but to stand by each other whenever a ple which is everything it should be. But common or an individual danger threat if he insists upon seeing the inside of each ened. The passion for betting is born with case he is going to buy, he gets his head him, and he sucks in an added zest for it punched for his pains. He must gamble with his mother's milk. From the very by laying out so much upon the chance of first he is a creature of circumstance. From a fair proportion of sound fruit. A coster the earliest moment of his conscious experi- of ambitions, who buys for others as well The coster loads his barrow with cheap fish and soft fruit. ence he learns that every day is a little as himself, had thirty-seven boxes of apples life to itself, separated from that which knocked down to him at 175. a box. When comes before and after it by the special he opened them in his back-yard three out exigencies of its seventeen, eighteen, or of the thirty-seven contained sound fruit! nineteen working hours. And directly he The rest was rotten. It is not uncommon takes an active part in his parent's trade, for that same back-yard to smell like a he finds existence one endless gamble from sewer in consequence of such calamities. morning till night. And if a man, in desperation, once in a It begins with his trudge behind an emp while tries the remedy of the law, he is ty barrow round the markets. told that he was a fool to buy without vious day was a bad one he will start testing the bulk, and that, as he has done breakfastless. But although he may be so, there is no redress. hungry, and has had only five or six hours' Having laid out his bit of capital, your If the pre- I he second-hand booksellers line the pavement in Farringdon Road. There is nothing you cannot buy from the King and the Queen of the kerb. 182 The Outing Magazine ners. ers. coster has to meet the next chance of the vious to forcible argument, or else as a day—the chance of selling. He may have stupid, down-trodden beast without a shred covered the length of a decent country of character beyond its miserable opposi- walk before his barrow is stocked. For he tion to the ills of life loaded on two wheels. is the medium between the glutted market But, like his or her master, Jack or Jenny and the poor, and a slump in any partic- Long-ears needs a deal of knowing. Half ular branch of produce is his opportunity. the donkeys that pull barrows are racers He may have had to visit all the markets, as well as toilers. They are innocent of or he may have loaded up at his first try, training, beyond that of incessant work, with cheap fish or soft fruit. If he carries and the reduction in quantity and improve- either of these he must sell out at a fair ment in quality of their food before the price during the day, to get his profit; for day, should their owners be prosperous. either is perishable to a degree. Often, But they run like greased lightning almost. although custom seems to burn like wild There was a famous coster event in 1879, fire around his open-air counter, he is los when “Troublesome Jack” covered five ing as fast as he uses his scales. or he les in 18 minutes 12 seconds, beating is selling under cost to minimize the loss. “Bother-'Em" upon the Newmarket road! Can you wonder that his mind is soaked Not a bad record for a donkey. And the and his impulses are infected with the lust present champion of all London, “Tommy of gambling? He stakes his all, day after Hide,” has earned the title of “Derby win- day, in his work. It is hardly strange, ner" by his eight conspicuous triumphs however deplorable, that he should take upon the road and the race-course. Welsh his pleasures in the same way, preferring blood warms best to racing; but Welsh games of chance and the luck of sport to donkeys are scarce. Irish stock is not far the legitimate thing itself. He will lay out behind, and has produced many fleet run- his last sixpence for a seat in some music A racer costs anything from £3 to hall or in a bet upon some sporting event, £40, according to its record and its pow- public or private, trusting to better luck But in exceptional cases the price to-morrow. He will wheel or drive his runs higher, one renowned trotter having barrow to Ascot, Goodwood, etc., etc., and fetched the round sum of £80. The little spend all his takings in putting a bit on sound-footed beast is as independent as this horse and that, and as likely as not its master, and turns as tough a skin to come back with empty pockets as well as weather and hardship. Sixpence a day is an empty board. He will race his bit of the cost of its keep, and it represents the pony or donkey flesh against all comers, one special link between the coster and in spite of police vigilance, along the meas the active sporting world. ured mile north of the old Mile End gate, The coster takes life as he finds it, and or on any piece of roadway that offers is jolly, whatever the day brings forth. facilities for evading the law, and make or Study him at his gutter markets, and fol- lose money over the pace of the game little low him to the successive fields of his animal in his shafts. And he will enter amusement, during a year of his precarious that same plucky, if diminutive, steed for life, and you will always find him full of any legitimate racing in inclosed grounds rough humor and boisterous fun, “chip- if there is the least chance of its fiery hoofs ping” his mates over the day's disasters, turning up an extra gold coin or so for joking upon every provocation, romping him. But he won't stir a finger on behalf with his girl in holiday hours, and having of sport for the pure love of its cause, nor a good time generally, in spite of untoward will he strain a muscle over the excitements circumstances. From January ist to De- and the triumphs that are crowned bycember 31st, through all his changes of lucreless laurels and bays. stock, from coal and coke, potatoes and Most people know as little about the dry fruit, to cheap fish, soft fruit, pot coster's “moke” as they do about the cos plants, and back again to coke and coal- ter himself. They picture a donkey either from the winter days of music-hall visits as a stubborn will set upon four sturdy and racing events under cover, to the hal- legs that plant it four-square to the world, cyon seasons of the big races, the outdoor and wrapped in a hide that makes it imper Bank Holidays, his own “Sports,” and King of the Kerb 183 New Barnet Fair-he rollics through the months, the most happy-go-lucky, if the keenest, fellow under the British sun. Watch him at Covent Garden early in the morning, rough with a vengeance, ready with coarse repartee, sharp as a needle, fighting for his own interests, but showing his good heart whenever some special need of kindliness appeals to his finer instincts. Listen to the amazing flow of his pictorial language as he holds forth to a crowd on the subject of the desirability of his goods, passing from jest to sarcasm, from sarcasm ready to raise a laugh out of next to nothing. But the time to see him in his element, the time when he takes his stand—within the limitations I have mentioned as a man of sport, is at his own “Coster Sports," at the end of the summer. On that day, in especial, he shows what he can do. First in favor, of course, come the donkey and pony races. But he goes in for fancy races upon his own feet to a large extent also. And one of the features of the day is the basket race, a race in which the art of 6 The coster's sisters and sweethearts also join in the Bank Holiday races. to inducement, from inducement to com balancing is as necessary to success as parison in a rush of eloquence that might fleetness of foot. Each man carries ten well be the despair of any orator of party round market baskets upon his head from politics. Take note of him on Saturday, the starting to the winning post; or rath- his busiest day, when the naphtha lamps er, I should say, he should do so. For flare till midnight; and on Monday, his the baskets do not always reach the goal. off day, when he goes sight-seeing and tak The chief difficulty is placing the baskets ing the air. Rub shoulders with him in position, first of all, as every man must when he slips off the yoke of barrow life do this for himself. Just before the date for a bit, and has his play. No matter you will see the costers practicing basket where you come across him, you will find running in the streets in which the gutter him turning a gay front to the world, and markets are held, when business is a bit The coster's mokes are adopted into the family. King of the Kerb 185 slack. The women take their part in the barrow proprietors in Whitechapel. There day's events, too, and have their own races. are the dealers who buy up the clearings Some run in their ordinary holiday clothes, of the warehouses, such as haberdashery some in costume, according to individual and the like, who do not take the risks of taste. You will always find that the wom perishable stock. And there are the sec- an, in Costerland, shares both the business ond-hand booksellers whose movable coun- and the pleasures of the man. ters line that stretch of pavement in Far- It is the buying and selling of beasts ringdon Road famous in the book-buying that draws the coster in such numbers to world for its bargains and its finds. To New Barnet Fair. For wherever there is say nothing of the gutter auctioneer, who horse-flesh, or donkey-flesh, there, just as knocks down a variety of wares to an ad- surely, the barrow-man will be found. New miring crowd at seemingly suicidal sacri- Barnet Fair is one of his special gala times, fices. I verily believe there is nothing you and might almost be called the principal cannot buy off the barrows. And how the festival of the coster's year. After he has poor would live without them I do not know. bought or sold to his liking, and has made Society entertainers have exaggerated his little deal in the live-stock sales, he the picturesque phases of coster life, and gives himself up to gayety. Your coster have watered down the roughness of the makes his own amusement anywhere. Give man with the barrow. “Pearlies” and him a fair with shows, shooting galleries, velvet collars and wide-bottomed trousers and steam horses, as in this case, and he are almost things of the past. And this will be boisterously happy, and get every good-hearted gamester of the kerb is a ounce of enjoyment out of his spendings. wild enough fellow when excited, and is Other folks call him rowdy. The truth is, not particular how many half bricks he he is such a seething caldron of animal flings about when a coster race has not spirits that both love and amusement seem finished to his liking. He is not above flavorless experiences to him unless there “doing” his own neighbors, he will under- is a bit of horseplay thrown in. And his sell at a loss to knock some associate out "donah” and his “old dutch” are thor of the running, he will generally take more oughly in sympathy with him in this re than he is given in the way of concessions- spect. Marie Lloyd was illustrating a true such as barrow room, for instance—and he bit of character when, in her impersonation would rather go hungry to bed night after of a coster's sweetheart, she exclaimed: night than join forces with the local shop- “Dawn't yer love me, Bill? Then whoi keeper and agree to a fixed scale of prices dawn't yer knock me abaht?” advantageous to both. But he has three There are degrees and ranks in Coster solid virtues that lift him above the moral land. The coster proper—the blue-blood level of many a man who never bets, or ed aristocrat of the gutter market, who has throws brickbats, or avowedly “bests" sprung from generations of barrow-men, another. who is his own master, and who deals in First, he works like a Briton from the perishable produce, and stakes his little earliest hours until after nightfall, from the fortune upon the state of the great markets time when he leaves school until the day -is a clannish fellow, who denys the right of his death. Consequently, although he of his title to outsiders who ply his trade. never saves, he rarely becomes a pauper. But public opinion and the County Council Secondly, he will always give while he has. regulations count any man a coster who No outsider who is obviously down on his sells from a barrow. There is the for luck ever asks him in vain. And, lastly, eigner who sells fruit in the city, and does he sticks to his womankind. Nothing is a brisk business in the lunch hour. There too good for his sweetheart or his wife, are the costers' men who serve the Jewish while he has a penny about him. The Kaweah Group from the Side Hill camp. THE PASS BY STEWART EDWARD WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR IX THE SIDE HILL CAMP and beautiful long fur. As they amble over the bowlders, they look to be much larger than they are. Their chief delight The horses, too, hated to make a start. was to stand directly over an impregnable Dinkey, in especial, uttered the most heart hiding place, and then to utter insults in rending moans and groans as we cinched a shrill, clear voice, which has earned them her up. And as for Calamity Jane, her farther north the name of siffleur. At long ears missed support entirely, and hung once the dogs, quivering with eagerness, as the force of gravity directed. would dash away. Louder and louder Tuxana and Pepper, however, were de sounded the stream of vituperation. And lighted. They had long since terrorized then, at the very latest moment, the ground all the chipmunks and Douglas squirrels bear would quietly disappear. Pepper and and ground bears of the immediate vicin Tuxana would butt their noses against the ity. When we whistled “boots and sad very unyielding spot where he had been. dles," as was our custom, all fell in line At the same instant his first cousin, re- obediently enough, but the two dogs fairly siding some hundreds of feet distant, frisked. would begin to mention to Pepper the For several hours we wound leisurely up ridiculousness of her fuzzy bobtail, and to the defiles of Deadman's Cañon, ascending Tuxana the impression produced by her the bits of steep trails up the terraces, small, pink-rimmed eyes, whereupon the crossing the knee-deep meadows between dogs would scramble away after this new them, admiring the straight, lofty cliffs on enemy. It must have been very hard on either hand, with their tiny fringe of pine their nervous systems, and I have no doubt trees on top, inconceivably remote, their that the ground bears, who are very wise jutting crags, like monstrous gargoyles and cynical in appearance, counted on overlooking an abyss, and their smooth, these tactics to reduce their pursuers to sheer sweeps in syncline of glacier-polished an early imbecility. Late in the day, how- granite. At the foot of these cliffs were ever, we avenged our own animals by steep slopes of rock débris, thrown down shooting a ground bear. His carcass we by the action of frost and sun. Among used for dog meat, which we lacked; his them had sprouted hardy bushes, afford tallow we employed for boot grease, of ing a cover in which we looked in vain for which we stood much in need; and his fur a possible bear. The cañon bottom con we gave to Billy, who admired it. Thus tained meadows, and strips of cottonwood his end was fitting. and quaking asp, as well as scattered juni We camped that night in the very last pers and cedars. A beautiful stream, the grove at the timber line. Next morning west fork of Roaring River, dropped from we were afoot literally by daylight, and one clear pool to another, or meandered it was very cold. The old trail to the between clean-cut banks of sod. prospect holes part way up the mountains A number of ground bear lived in the we found steep and difficult, but not dan- rocks. These are animals of the wood gerous. By ten we had reached, at the chuck family, about thirty or forty pounds same point, its end and the beginning of in weight, possessed of an impudent spirit the snow. 187 We wound up the sides of Deadman's Cañon. Here we discovered that Modesto had a pack of cards. Two or three sticks of cast a shoe-one of his nice new ones that stove wood had escaped burning. we thought we had nailed on fast. Noth Now what do you suppose such men ing remained but to unpack Old Slob, who expect to make out of a dubious copper carried the repair kits, and to undertake prospect in such a location? In the first the job then and there. Wes volunteered, place, every pound of supplies would have and while he was at it, we looked about us to be packed from Millwood, Heaven knows with some curiosity. how many miles away, or over how many The miners had laboriously leveled in the mountains, and every pound of ore would granite débris two platforms for two tents. have to be packed out. In the second The remains of a rough forge stood near at place, it was now well on in August, hand. Beneath a stone still lingered, un yet the snows had barely receded. Two dissolved by the elements, the remains of months of work a year at most are all a We had no trouble at all in reaching the saddle. The Pass 189 When you man can hope for at such an elevation. are engaging conspirators, and I advise And to cap the apparent absurdity, the you never to pass by one of their camps. mineral to be mined is not one of the By this time Wes had finished his job. precious metals. We repacked and continued on our way. I know of half a dozen such propositions Thanks to my careful scouting of ten in the length of the Sierras. And often I days before, we had no trouble at all in have seen their owners going in to the prop- reaching the “saddle.” At noon we called erties, old, white-bearded men for the most a halt there, ate our lunch, built a huge part, with jolly, twinkling eyes and a fund pile of rocks as a monument and congrat- of anecdotes. Inquiry brings out that they ulated ourselves that the worst was over. are from Stockton or Sacramento or Fres You see, we still clung to the Ranger's no or some other valley town, and that they have been coming into the moun- tains for an incredible num- ber of years. speak to them of their mines, they always look mysterious, as though there were things of which they could not talk-yet. My theory is that these ancients are jolly and lov- able old frauds. They live respectably in their valley towns all winter, attending to their business and their pew rent and their social duties as staid and proper citizens. But when sum- mer comes, the old moun- taineering blood begins to stir in them. They are ashamed frankly to follow their inclination. How would it look! What an example for the young men! Deacon Brown has got tired of work, so he's going out to be a hobo! And imagine the enormity in the eyes of an industrious neighborhood of a two or three months' vacation. Wes, Pepper and Tuxana become interested in food. So these delightful old hy- pocrites invent the legend of vast in statement that once at the top we would terests 'way up where the snow lies; and have no difficulty with the other side. year after year they sneak back to haunts Already we began to plan how we would flavored by long associations, where they camp at the lower border of the round do a little pick and drill work-for a man meadow in the rock-bound cañon below must save his own self-respect, and, be us; how next day we would go on to Red- sides, the game is interesting-and shoot wood Meadow, and by the 26th be at Kern a deer or so, and smoke a lot of strong, rank Lake, and so on. This is a fatal practice. tobacco, and concoct wonderful things with Just as soon as you begin to make up your onions in a covered and formidable frying- mind that you will catch some trout, or do pan, and just have a good time. They the washing, or something of that sort "Billy" had cooked us a good supper. before supper, the trail is sure to lose itself, enced some difficulty and consumed some or develop unexpected difficulties, so that little time in getting over, the delay was at the end you must cook by firelight. An because of the necessity of looking out the inch on the map is a mighty deceiving best route. Subsequent travelers, by fol- thing. lowing our monuments, and the field notes In the meantime, however, having fin- given in the appendix, should have no ished our hardtack and raisins, we poured difficulty, except at one place on the ledge, about two spoonfuls of whiskey over a of getting through. Of the ledge, more cupful of snow, and solemnly christened hereafter. The route should prove a good this place Elizabeth Pass, after Billy.* It short-cut between the south fork of the proved to be a little over twelve thousand King's River and the head-waters of the feet in elevation. Although we experi Kaweah. We cached a screw-top can in the mon- * See S. E. corner of the Tehipite Quadrangle, U. S. Survey. ument. It contained a brief statement of Among big, rugged cliff debris. Resting at the top of Elizabeth Pass. names and dates, named the pass, and head, not to speak of half-sunken ledges, claimed for Billy the honor of being the down which the horses had to slide or jump. first woman to traverse it. Then we took But for all that the going, as granite coun- a last look on the tumult of mountains to try runs, was neither dangerous nor too the north, and addressed ourselves to the difficult, and we congratulated ourselves task of following, as far as it led, the piece that at this rate we would be able to test of trail I had constructed ten days before. the coldness of the waters in the lake before The descent for a thousand feet was even the early mountain sunset. almost suspiciously easy. We slid down Up to the time we gained the head of a rather steep and stony ridge at right the ravine we had traveled over uncom- angles to the main system, turned sharp promising rock--and nothing else. Here, to the left across its shoulder, and so gained however, we waded at once knee-deep into a shallow ravine. All this was over shale, full-blossomed blue lupins. They filled the stones and angular rocks the size of your depression between the lateral ridges, and The thin black line across the face of the cliff is the ledge by which we descended. The lake that Wes discovered. The Pass 193 flung themselves far up the slopes, hun a mountain some twenty-five hundred feet dreds and hundreds of acres of them, like from summit to meadow. It was not a flat a huge tapestry laid out to our honor. ledge, but rounded outward to the plunge. Their fragrance was almost overpowering, Where it joined the upper cliff a little soil and their color paled even the intense blue had gathered, and on that soil had grown of the heavens. Below they ran out into a tough, thick sod. This strip of sod, tuft-grass between the stones, and still whose surface was steep as a roof, varied below that were two scattered groves of in width from one to several feet. I recog- lodge-pole pines and junipers. nized the fact that while no horse could We made our way with extra care possibly walk on it, nevertheless we might through the lupins, for though they were be able to cut enough of a notch in it to beautiful, they masked the uncertainty afford footing. A cursory examination, the footing. After awhile we came to the however, soon turned me in another direc- bunch grass, which was easier, and so tion. At one point the ledge ceased for through the thin mask of trees. about twelve feet. Up to the beginning Below us the hill dropped off sheer in of that twelve feet the slender vein of sod a tremendous plunge. We found after ran unbroken; beyond that twelve feet it ward that it was about fifteen hundred continued until it appeared to run out on feet. To the left we knew the upper basin shale. But between was nothing but hard, to be on about the same level as ourselves. - slippery granite, slanted away at an im- From it leaped the Kaweah over the rim possible angle to a final perpendicular drop of the amphitheater on which we stood, of nearly a quarter of a mile. Unless one vanished from sight, and reappeared in had a flying-machine ferry, thought I, he slender filaments feeling their way through would hardly cross horses over that gulf. the meadow below. To the right our side So I turned back. The face of the moun- hill seemed to merge in more precipitous tain below where we had paused was ut- mountains. Below the meadow the river terly impassable. It, too, consisted of a appeared to take another plunge to another series of inclined ledges, disconnected, and level. all pinching out to nothing. A man could The problem, of course, was to find a way get down afoot, by doing some dropping, from the rim to the bottom of the amphi some jumping, and a good deal of stout theater. We could see the opposite side, clinging. I did so, and shortly found my- and part of one end. Dismounting, we self looking far up the cliff and wondering examined the prospect carefully through how I had ever accomplished it. a glass. Starting at the top we would fol That was not my pressing business for low out inch by inch the possibilities of the moment, however. Turning to the descent. Always the most promising ledges left I hurried across the immense piles of ended in thin air or narrowed to the point of débris that sloped steeply away from the merging with the face of the cliffs. A single cliff, crossed the stream below the water- streak of green, almost perpendicular and fall, and commenced the ascent of the strip next the waterfall, offered the only possi- of green we had made out through our ble way. It might be grassy, on soil, in glasses. which case we would be able to cut in it At first I was enough encouraged to a zigzag trail; or it might consist of bushes, stick up a few tentative monuments. Then which might or might not mask an im I struck a bad place. It is easy to slur passe. Our side of the basin was, of course, over bad places, when you are afoot. They concealed. are easy enough for you. I wanted awful- It was decided that I should explore on ly to climb over hastily and forget it, but foot to the right and below. I resolved I knew retribution would follow later. So first of all to continue as far as possible to I canvassed all the possibilities as to that the right on our present level. The way bad place, and ended by making a fresh led first through another steep and scat start just below it. This time I got a tered grove, past a shale slide, and so trifle farther, had to reconsider again, and out to the ledge. so made progress, a little at a time. The ledge was nothing more nor less The mountain teased me up that way than a break in the sheer granite sweep of for about six hundred feet. Then she 194 The Outing Magazine carelessly tossed a few hundred tons of of bowlders seemed to swim placidly above angular rocks across the way. The bushes their own reflections. Opposite was a concealed them; but they were there, and long, black mountain of rock whose sides it did not take me more than ten minutes were too steep to retain snow, and which to determine the utter impracticability of showed, therefore, in the more striking con- that as a way down. So I threw away trast to the white all around its base. We circumspection and climbed rapidly back called it the frozen monster, because of its to the rim of the basin. shape. It belonged evidently to the croc- I found the party awaiting me eagerly. odile family, had a blunt head, short, “Which way?” called Wes. sprawling legs, and a long reptilian tail. “As near as I could tell,” said I, “it is The resemblance was perfect, and required no way. There's a ledge over there to the but little of the exercise of the imagination west that peters out, but which I only such likenesses usually demand. On clos- looked at from a distance. It may look ing our eyes at night, the last thing we saw better when you get nearer. Everywhere was this sleeping saurian, benumbed by else is straight up and down.” the perpetual cold in which he dwelt. We “Well, let's tackle it.” amused ourselves speculating as to his “It's too big a proposition for to-day,” awakening. It ought to occasion quite a said I; “we'd better camp.” stir among the old liars who always kill “Where?” cried Billy, aghast. their grizzlies with a knife, for he was over “Here," said I. a mile long. “Why, it's right on a side hill!” she ob Above the frozen monster towered the jected. bleak and forbidding peaks of the Kaweah “It is," I agreed. "If you drop a ket- Group, running abruptly down to where a tle, it is going to roll off into space, and bend in the cañon concealed what must you'll never see it any more. The same have been the beginning of the pine coun- to you, ma'am. But here's some bunch try. All about us, thus, were great peaks, grass, and there's a bit of a stream in rugged granite, snows. We looked at them those big rocks yonder, and right by from the middle point; they were co-equal you is the only log of dry wood in this with us, on our own plane of existence, like township." gigantic comrades. In the next two days We had a lot of fun making camp on we acquired gradually the feeling that we that side hill. Using the back of the axe were living out in the air, away from the as a sort of pick, we managed to dig out solid earth that most people inhabit-as a below a bowlder a level large enough to man might feel who lived on a scaffold contain our fire irons. “Upstairs” fifty above a city. Clinging to the shoulder of feet was another bowlder. Above this one the mountain, we lost the assurance of level Billy and I, with great labor, scraped a ground, but gained an inflation of spirit narrow trough in which to sleep. “Down that for the moment measured itself by the stairs” Wes did the same. He contemplat- standard of these titanic peaks. ed the result somewhat dubiously. Again, we early fell under the illusion “In this country,” said he, “a man has that somehow more sunshine, more day- to picket himself out to sleep." light, was allotted to us than to less for- Water we dipped up cup by cup into tunate mortals. Each morning we arose our folding canvas pail from a single place in the full sunrise, to look down on the where it showed above the massive granite cañon still dim and gray with dawn. Each débris that filled its course. We could hear evening we cooked supper, in the shadow, it singing up through the interstices of it is true, but with sunshine all about us, the cool, gray rocks. Wood we chopped while plainly the cañon had set its affairs from the single log. It was resinous and in order for the night. In time the notion burned quickly with a tremendous heat took us that thus we, little atoms, were and much soot, but it sufficed for our sim- sharing some extra-human privilege with ple cooking. Then we sat down and looked the calm giants all about us; that if we about us. only could grow our souls to meet the rare The meadow below was already decent- opportunities here offered us we could enter ly on toward night. In the lake a number into and understand the beautiful mys- The Pass 195 SO teries that are in the afterglows on the to projections of the rocks, and to the mountains. twisted bushes growing marvelously in A number of more prosaic considerations their interstices. The steep, grassy strip were likewise forced upon us. For in was slippery, but testing its consistency stance, it took a fearfully long time to boil with the back of the axe we found it solid things, and a deal of hard work to get and tough. The ten-foot precipice we about, and still more hard work to keep the climbed above, scrambling where even a cooking fire supplied with fuel. After the goat could not have gone. We paid little sun dipped below the horizon, the snow attention to it for the moment. There cold swooped like a hawk, and we soon would be plenty of time to worry over its found ourselves offered the choice of retire difficulties when we had discovered the ment at an unheard-of hour or else pro possibilities beyond. longed rustling for firewood. Now it hap Them we found rather good. The ledge pened that some dwarf trees, not over here became a strip of very steep side hill three or four feet high, but thick and twist included between two precipices. That ed and sturdy as gnomes, grew thereabout. side hill was thick and tangled with stunted We discovered them to be full of pitch, brush, serrated with outcropping ledges, so we just set fire to one each evening. unstable with loose and rolling stones, but It burned gorgeously, with many-colored some sort of a trail through it was merely flames, taking on strange and sinister an affair of time and hard work. One ten- shapes and likenesses as the coals glowed foot slide made us shake our heads a little, and blackened and fell. It must have for it ended with a right-angled turn. To puzzled the frozen monster - if he hap- continue straight ahead meant departure pened to uncover one sleepy eye — this by the balloon route. Finally, we arrived single tiny star, descended from the heav at an almost perpendicular watercourse ens, to wink brave as a red jewel on the emerging from a “chimney” in the preci- shoulder of the mountain. pice above us. It contained but a trickle In the night it grew to be very cold, of very cold and very grateful water, but that the mountains looked brittle, and the in the melting of the winter snows evident- sky polished, and the stars snappy like ly accommodated a torrent. At any rate, electric sparks. But we had on all the its bowlder-filled bottom was some four clothes we owned, and our blankets were feet below our level and that of the trail warm. Tuxana and Pepper crawled down route on the other side. to nestle at our feet. Far up above we As I have said, the bottom was bowlder- could hear the bell. The horses, as was filled, great big round fellows impossible their custom, would eat all night. Then, to move. The banks were of cemented guided by some remarkable instinct, they rubble and rock impossible to break down would roost accurately on the first spot to without powder. No horse could cross it be reached by the sun. There, fur ruffled as it was, and materials for a bridge lacked. like velvet, they would wait patiently the “Never mind,” said Wes, “we'll tackle chance to warm up and snatch a little it later." sleep. We crossed to the other side, scrambled X around a bend, and found ourselves on a little flat. Just beyond the flat we could see that another steep shale slide began. By shortly after sun-up the next morn We walked to the edge and looked. In- ing Wes and I were out. We carried with stead of running off to a jump, as did every us our only implements—the axe and the other slide on this mountain, it reached short-handled shovel. The way we mon quite down to the round meadow. umented led along the side hill, with some “There's our way down,” said Wes. “I twisting to avoid bad outcrops and bowl don't know whether we can get through der stringers; diagonally through the thin the cañon; but anyway we'll have horse grove of lodge-pole pines, and by a series feed, and wood and water.” of steep lacets down a coarse sand slide to We turned back, resolved now on pick- the beginning of the ledge. ing our way through more in detail. The Here we proceeded cautiously, clinging watercourse we left for the time being. THE LEDGE 196 The Outing Magazine Picking a way is good fun. You must horses behave,” remarked Wes, “but," he first scout ahead in general. Then you continued, “each animal's got only one determine more carefully just where each stumble coming to him.” hoof is to fall. For instance, it is a ques By noon we had worked our way back tion of whether you are to go above or tu the break in the ledge. Here we ate below a certain small ledge. You decide lunch. Then we attacked the grass strip on going below, because thus you will on the other side. dodge a little climb, and also a rather slip This was from a foot to a yard or so pery-looking rock slide. But on investi in width. We attempted to dig a right- gation you find, hidden by the bushes, a angled notch in it, but found it too tough. riven bowlder. There is no way around it. Shortly the shovel twisted out of my hands, So, then, retrace your steps to the place and as the exact hairline perpendicular where you made your first choice. The was necessary to stay on earth at all, I upper route again offers you an alterna had to watch it slide gently over the edge. tive. You select one; it turns out well; We never heard it hit. After that we forks again. But you discover both these tried the back of the axe, but that did not forks utterly impracticable. So back you work any better. Finally, we made up our must hike to the very beginning to dis reluctant minds that we would have to use cover, if you can, perhaps a third and the edge-and we had nothing but a file heretofore unconsidered chance. Then, if with which to sharpen it afterward. So, none are good, you must cast in review then, we chopped out a way, probably six the features of all your little explorations inches in width, hard and firm enough, and in order to determine which best lends wide enough provided no one got panicky. itself to expedients. This consumes time, This was slow work, and evening caught but it is great fun. us just as we connected with the zigzag Wes and I took turns at it. While I we had made that morning down the shale. picked a way, Wes followed my monu Next day we attacked the two more ments, constructing trail. Then after a difficult problems that remained. First, little we changed off. we cut a log ten inches through and about Making trail for the moment consisted twelve feet long. To either end of this we quite simply in cutting brush, and rolling attached our riatas. The tree had grown rocks out of the way. The latter is hard almost at the head of the shale slide. on the hands. I started out with a pair of We rolled and dragged and checked and "asbestos” gloves, but wore holes in the snubbed it down the slide until we came fingers after half an hour. Then I dis opposite the trail we had made along the covered that the human skin is tougher, ledge. This was no mean undertaking, although by the end of the morning the for the weight was about as much as we ends of my fingers were wearing pretty could possibly handle even in the best of thin. The round stones rolled off with a circumstances, and the circumstances were prodigious bounce and crash and smell of far from the best. At times it seemed fire. When they reached the edge they that that log would get away in spite of seemed fairly to spring out into the air. us, taking our riatas with it. Then by After that we knew no more of them, not tremendous efforts we would succeed in even by the sound of their hitting, al stopping it against a hidden ledge or a though we listened intently. I suppose solid bowlder. The thing seemed instinct the overhang of the cliff threw the sound with malicious life. When, finally, we outward, and then, too, it was a long dis would get it bedded down against some tance to the bottom. The large flat slabs resting place, we would remove our hats gave way with a grumbling, slid and slit and wipe the sweat from our brows and tered sullenly to the edge and plumped look about us with a certain astonishment over in a dogged fashion. There were a that the landscape was still in place. We great many of these, and the trouble was would eye that log a little malevolently, that though they were all solid enough in and we would be extremely reluctant to appearance, most would give way under wake the resting devil into further move- pressure. ment. But as further movement was nec- "This trail is a good trail, provided the essary, we always had to do it. The Pass 197 up And when, finally, we had dragged our On the way home we paused at the log huge captive to the notch on the ledge, its to throw sods in the crack between it disposition abruptly changed. It became and the granite apron. This was not for sullen. We had to urge it forward an inch greater solidity, but merely to reassure our or so at a time, by mighty heaves. Its horses somewhat by making it look more front end gouged down into the soil as like a trail. though trying to bury itself; it butted We arrived in camp after sundown dead against rocks and corners; it hung back weary, but rejoiced to find that Billy had like a reluctant dog. And whenever it .cooked us a good supper. The evening thought our attention was distracted, it was a short one, and almost before the attempted suddenly to roll off sideways. frozen monster had blended with the night, We soon discovered that the best method we crawled between the blankets. was to apply the motive power from the Sun-up found Wes and me scrambling hinder end and the directing force from the a thousand feet above camp, short-winded, front riata. We took turns, change about, breakfastless and disgruntled. Of course, and in what seemed to me at the moment the horses had strayed—they always do most undue course of time, we arrived at when you have a particularly hard day be- our break in the ledge. The passage had fore you. Also they invariably stray up- consumed three hours. We were pretty hill. I remember once climbing four thou- tired, for in addition to having a heavy sand feet after Dinkey. She was plodding weight to drag, the possibilities of applying calmly through granite shale, and had strength on such precarious footing were passed by good feed to get there. Why necessarily limited. I do not know. However, in this case we Here we rested. Then I climbed the could not much blame them for seeking face of the mountain twenty feet to where feed where th could, only it did seem a the cliff jutted out. Around the projec- little unnecessary that they should be at tion I threw the loop of one of the riatas. the upper edge of that patch of lupins. Then I crossed above the break to the So we took a parting look at the snow other side of it. Wes tossed me the end and granite where rose the Kaweah, and of the second riata. , When I had it, he the frowning black steeps of the Kaweah shoved the log off the ledge. There it Group opposite, and the frozen monster hung straight down the granite, dependent sprawled in his age-long sleep. First, we from the line 1 had already made fast to rode to the shale slide. Then we led to the projection above. Next I took in on the beginning of the ledge. Then we tied the second riata, whereupon, naturally, up, and began the rather arduous task of that end of the log rose to my own level, leading our animals along it one by one. and the gap was bridged. Of course, Bullet had the honor of There remained now to assure its solid precedence. The mere ledge was easy to ity. I looped a great round bowlder on my him, for the footing was good enough, side. Then we tested every inch of hold though limited in quantity. A misstep of those two ropes, lest they slide or would have tragic consequences, but there abrade. Wes crossed first over the new existed no real excuse for a mountain bridge, and so we went on to our second pony's misstepping. At the log he hesi- problem, well pleased with our solution of tated a little; but as I walked boldly out the first. on it, he concluded it must be all right, The gully we decided we should have to and so followed gingerly. After a time we fill. A certain number of loose bowlders reached the rounded knoll, where trouble and stones lay ready to our hands, but the ended. I tied him to a bush and went supply of these was soon used up. We back for another animal. By ten o'clock then had to carry our materials from everybody, including Billy, had crossed greater or lesser distances as we could find in safety. We resumed the saddle, and them. This was plain hard work, at turned sharp to the left for what now which we sweated and toiled until we had amounted to a thousand-foot descent. moved a few tons of granite. Then we It was steep and loose. Sometimes it chinked our stone bridge with smaller seemed that the horses were going to splinters until we considered it safe. stand on their heads. Often they slid for 198 The Outing Magazine SO twenty feet, unable to do anything but slides, around which it might be possible keep their balance, a merry, bouncing little to scramble. We proceeded to do so. The avalanche preceding them, their hoofs sink- journey was rough. To our right and ing deeper and deeper in the shale, until at above stood monoliths of stone, sharp and last the very accumulation would bring hard against the very blue sky of the high them up. Then they would take another altitudes. They watched us stumbling step. None but horses raised to the busi and jumping and falling at their feet. ness could have done it. They straddled After a great deal of work and a very long thin ledges, stepped tentatively, kept their time we skirted that lakefive hundred wits about them. After a long time we feet above it-and found where the preci- found ourselves among big, rugged cliff pice had relented, and so made our way débris. We looked up to discover what down to its level. in the absorption of the descent we had not Twice more we accomplished these long realized—that we had reached the bottom. jumps from one terraced meadow to an- With one accord we turned in our sad other. The sheer cliff walls rose higher dles. The ledge showed as a slender fila and higher above us, shutting out the ment of green threading the gray of the mountain peaks. By three o'clock it had mountain. become late afternoon. The horses were With some pains we made way through tired; were we. We should have the fringe of jagged rock, and so came to camped, but the strong desire to see the the meadow. It was nearly circular in thing through grew on us. We were now shape, comprised perhaps two hundred in the bottom, where grew alders and wil- acres, and lay in cup of granite. The lows and cottonwoods. Occasionally we cup was lipped at the lower end, but even came across the tracks of the wild cattle there the rock rose considerably above the of the mountains. level of the grasses. We were surprised And then the river dropped again over to note that the round lake, which from a fall; and we had to climb and climb and above seemed directly adjacent to the climb again until we had regained the sun- meadow, was nowhere to be seen. Evi- light. A broad, sloping ridge, grown thick dently it lay beyond the low stone rim with quaking asp, offered itself. We rode down the cañon. along it, dodging branches, blinded by We rode out through the rich grasses, leaves, unable to see underfoot. Abruptly belly high to the horses. No animal we burst from them into a deep pine woods, grazed there, except the deer. The stream soft and still. divided below the plunge from above to I was riding ahead. The woods stretched meander in a dozen sod-banked creeks here before me as far as I could see. I eased and there through the meadow, only to myself in my saddle. Somewhere ahead reunite where the lip of the cup was riven. the route from the Giant Forest to Mineral We rode to the top of the rock rim. The King ran at right angles. Some time we lake was indeed just beyond, but at least would cross it. five hundred feet lower. We looked over And then, without warning, there ap- a sheer precipice, which, nevertheless, had peared, almost under my horse's hoofs, a remained quite invisible from our side hill deep, dusty brown furrow. I reined in, camp. This was serious. We hitched the staring. It did not seem possible that the horses in some lodge-pole pines, and sep thing should have happened so quietly, arated to explore. Subconsciously I must have anticipated I found that the precipice continued to some pomp and blare of trumpets to her- the very hind foot of the frozen monster. ald so important an event. The appear- At one point a deep gorge opened passage ance of this dusty brown furrow, winding to the river. A smoke of mist ascended down through the trees, represented so from it dense as steam; the black rocks much labor of mind and body, so much dripped; jagged monsters appeared and uncertainty, so many discomforts, so many disappeared beyond the veil. Obviously doubts and fears and hopes! And now it nothing but a parachute would avail here. came into view as simply as a snow plant Wes reported a steep side mountain, or a fallen pine cone. All we had to do covered with brush, loose stones and rock was to turn to the left. By that act we The Pass 199 stepped from the great shining land of ad- venture and high emprise to the every day life of the many other travelers who had worn the deep furrow. For this was the Trail. (The end.) course. APPENDIX On re-reading the chapters of The Pass, it has occurred to me that some might imagine that we consider the opening of Elizabeth Pass an extraordinary feat. This is not true. Anybody could have done it. I have attempted merely to show how such things are undertaken, and to tell of the joys and petty but real difficulties to be met with on such an expedition. I hope the reader will take this account in that spirit. FIELD NOTES Regular trail into Roaring River. Ascend west fork of river; proceed by monumented and blazed miner's trail to cirque at end of cañon. When a short distance below the large falls, at a brown, smooth rock in creek bed, turn sharp to left-hand trail. Climb mountain by miner's trail to old If snow is heavy above this point, work a way to large monument in gap. The east edge of snow is best. From gap follow monuments down first lateral red ridge to east. This ridge ends in a granite knob. The monuments lead at first on the west slope of the ridge, then down the backbone to within about two or three hundred yards of the granite knob. Turn down east slope of ridge to the water Follow west side of water course to a good crossing, then down shale to grove of lodge-pole pines. Cross west through trees to blaze in second grove to westward above lake. Follow monuments to slide rock on ledge. Best way across is to lash a log, as we did. Follow monu- ments to knoll west of first water course. Turn sharp to left down lateral ridge for about one hundred feet. Cross arroyo to west, and work down shale to round meadow. From meadow proceed through clump of lodge-pole pines to northwest. Keep well up on side hill, close under cliffs. Cross the rock apron in little cañon above second meadow. Work down shale ridge to west side of the jump-off below second meadow. At foot of jump-off, pass small round pond-hole. Strike directly toward stream, and follow monumented trail. mine camp. THE CLANNISH SPARROW AND THE CRICKET THERMOMETER The writer saw recently a queer proceed ter away from him, and made no resistance ing which raised the pugnacious sparrow when he picked it up. The sparrow was several degrees in his estimation. It showed blind; its eyes were covered with a milky- that the sparrow was susceptible to kind like film. ness, and would do much to relieve an ailing member of his feathered flock. For sev Have you ever remarked that the chirp- eral days the writer noticed that four or ing of crickets on a hot summer's night five sparrows would visit a certain place falls into a rhythmic beat? I wonder if on the roof near his window; and they you know that this beat is a very accurate always brought food for another little fel thermometer? In the latitude of Boston low, who never tried a flight from the spot. where it first was brought to my attention, The visiting sparrows never came empty the crickets chirp about fifty times a min- billed. They would drop tiny morsels of ute at a temperature of 50°, and four chirps food near the little sparrow. When it a minute for every degree above that. I would begin to eat the crumbs the others have not been able to test this matter in would commence a great chirping, and then other latitudes, but I am told on good fly away. After watching this for a few authority that though the number of beats days the writer went out on the roof and to a minute may vary, there is a ratio of approached the lone bird. It did not flut- increase which is almost invariable. BAR 20 RANGE YARNS III.--TRIALS OF A PEACEFUL PUNCHER BY CLARENCE EDWARD MULFORD PAINTING BY N. C. WYETH S MOKE drifted over by the celerity and certainty of his gun the table in an hand, which was right or left, or both, as agitated cloud and the occasion demanded. dribbled lazily Hopalong was an active member of the upward from the outfit representing the Bar 20, a ranch muzzle of a six of the Pecos valley, Texas, and adjoining shooter. The man the town of Buckskin. He was well known who held it looked throughout the cattle country, as were his searchingly at chums. Many stories of him were in cir- those around him. culation, the morals of which were calcu- Strained and eager faces peered at his oppo- lated to inspire respect and deference; and nent, who was sliding slowly forward in his the reputation of his outfit was also estab- chair. His head rolled inertly on his shoul lished. Buck Peters, the foreman, Red der and the edge of his half-open shirt showed Connors and the others were famed for a purplish spot on its faded blue surface. their sand, marksmanship and humor. For the length of a minute no sound but They had been tried many times and were the guarded breathing of the onlookers labeled “O. K.” could be heard. This was broken by the At the present time Hopalong was drift- thud of the falling body and a nervous ing home from one of his nomadic trips, and cough from the rear of the room. The he had left his card at almost every place faces assumed their ordinary nonchalant he had visited. There was that affair in expressions, their rugged lines heavily Red-Hot Gulch, Colorado, where, under shadowed in the light of the flickering oil pressure, he had invested sundry pieces of lamps. Two men carried the body from lead in the persons of several obstreperous the room, and the shuffling of cards and citizens, and then had paced the zealous the clink of silver became audible. “Hopa and excitable sheriff to the state line. long” Cassidy had objected to insulting He next was noticed in Cheyenne, where remarks about his affliction. his deformity was vividly dwelt upon, to Hopalong was very sensitive about his the extent of six words, by one Tarantula crippled leg, and was always prompt to Charley, the aforesaid Charley not being resent any scorn or curiosity directed at it, able to proceed to greater length on account especially when emanating from strangers. of heart failure. As Charley had been an A young man of twenty-three years, when ubiquitous nuisance, there were no objec- surrounded by nearly perfect specimens of tions as to the manner of his going, and physical man hood, is apt to be painfully those present availed themselves of the op- self-conscious of any such defect, and it portunity offered by Hopalong to indulge reacted on his nature at times, even though in a free drink. he was well known for his happy-go-lucky Laramie was his next stopping place, and disposition and playfulness. He consoled shortly after his arrival he was requested himself with the knowledge that what he to sing and dance by a local terror, who lost in symmetry was more than balanced informed all present that he was the only 200 Ho SNS NOWE Painting by N. C. Wyeth. “Sitting up cross-legged, with each hand holding a gun from which came thin wisps of smoke." - 1 Bar 20 Range Yarns 201 seventeen-buttoned rattlesnake in the cow shoulder, and missed Buck Peter's head by country. Hopalong, hurt and indignant the breadth of a razor's edge in his belief at being treated like a common tenderfoot, that it belonged to the partner of the man promptly knocked the terror down, which he had just shot. He was overjoyed at forced him, later in the day, to separate seeing Buck and Red, the latter grinning His Snakeship from his "buttons" with a as only Red could grin, and he withdrew .45 caliber slug. After he had irrigated from the game to enjoy his good fortune. several square feet of parched throats be While Hopalong had been wandering longing to the audience, he again took up over the country the two friends had been his journey and spent a day at Denver, hunting for him and had traced him suc- where he managed to avoid any further cessfully, that being due to the trail he had trouble. blazed with his six-shooters. This they Santa Fé loomed up before him several had accomplished without harm to them- days later and he entered it shortly before selves, as those of whom they inquired noon. At this time the old Spanish city thought that they must want Hopalong was a bundle of high-strung nerves, and “bad," and cheerfully gave the informa- certain parts of it were calculated to fur tion required. nish any and all kinds of excitement except They had started out more for the pur- revival meetings and church fairs. Hopa- pose of accompanying him for pleasure, but long straddled a lively nerve before he had that had changed to an urgent necessity been in the city an hour. Two local bad in the following manner: men, Slim Travennes and Tex Ewalt, de While on the way from Denver to Santa siring to establish the fact that they were Fé they had met Pie Willis of the “Three- roaring prairie fires, attempted to con Triangle," a ranch that adjoined their own, sume the placid and innocent stranger as and they paused to pass the compliments he limped across the plaza in search of a of the season. game of draw poker at the Black Hills "Purty far from th' grub wagon, Pie," Emporium, with the result that they were remarked Buck. extinguished, to the chagrin and disgust of "Oh, I'm only goin' to Denver," re- their immediate acquaintances, who en sponded Pie. deavored to drown their mortification and “Purty hot," suggested Red. sorrow in rapid but somewhat wild gun “She shore is. Seen anybody yu play. After they had collected several knows?” Pie asked. ounces of lead apiece they had pressing “One or two-Billy of th’ Star Crescent engagements elsewhere, with the exception an' Panhandle Lukins," answered Buck. of one who remained to mark the spot. "That so? Panhandle's goin' to punch Hopalong reloaded his guns and pro for us next year. I'll hunt him up. I ceeded to the Emporium, where he found a heard down south of Albuquerque that game all prepared for him in every sense Thirsty Jones an' his brothers are lookin' of the word. On the third deal he ob for trouble,” offered Pie. jected to the way in which the dealer man "Yah! They ain't lookin' for no trouble ipulated the cards, and when the smoke they just goes around blowin' off. Trou- cleared away he was the only occupant of ble? Why, they don't know what she is,” the room, except a man who lay face down remarked Red contemptuously. on the other side of the table, and a dog, "Well, they's been dodgin' th' sheriff belonging to the bartender, that had inter purty lively lately, an’ if that ain't trouble cepted a stray bullet. I don't know what is,” said Pie. Hunting up the owner of the hound, he "It shore is, an' hard to dodge,” ac- apologized for being the indirect cause of quiesced Buck. the animal's death, deposited a sum of "Well, I has to amble. Is Panhandle in Mexican dollars in that gentleman's palm, Denver? Yes? I calculates as how me and went on his way to Alameda, which he an' him 'll buck th' tiger for a whirl-he's entered shortly after dark and where the shore lucky. Well, so long," said Pie as opening event took place. he moved on. Several hours as his luck was "So long," responded the two. vacillating, he felt a heavy hand on his "Hey, wait a minute,” yelled Pie after 202 The Outing Magazine he had ridden a hundred yards. “If yu been slammed three times in one evening sees Hopalong yu might tell him that th' by one man, the last slam being so forcible Joneses are goin' to hunt him up when they as to shake two bottles from the shelf and gits to Albuquerque. They's shore sore to crack the door itself, he became positive on him. 'Tain't none of my funeral, only that his suspicions were correct, and so was they ain't always a-carin' how they goes very careful to smile and take it as a joke. after a feller. So long,” and soon he was Finally, wearied by his vain efforts to keep a cloud of dust on the horizon. it open and fearing for the door, he hit upon “Trouble!” snorted Red; "well, between a scheme, the brilliancy of which inflated dodgin' Harris an' huntin' Hopalong his chest and gave him the appearance of a reckons they'll shore find her.” Then to prize-winning bantam. When his patrons himself he murmured, “Funny how every strolled in that night there was no door to thin' comes his way." slam, as it lay behind the bar. “That's gospel shore ejuugh, but as Pie When Buck and Red entered, closely said, they ain't a whole lot particular as followed by-Hopalong, they elbowed their how they deals th' cards. We better get a way to the rear of the room, where they move on an' find that ornery little cuss,” could see before being seen. As yet they replied Buck. had said nothing to Hopalong about Pie's “O. K., only I ain't losin' no sleep about warning, and were debating in their minds Hoppy. His gun's too lively fer me to do whether they should do so or not, when any worryin',” asserted Red. Hopalong interrupted their thoughts by “They'll get lynched some time, shore,” laughing. They looked up and he nodded declared Buck. toward the front, where they saw that "Not if they find Hoppy,"grimly replied anxious eyes from all parts of the room Red. were focused on the open door. Then they They tore through Santa Fé, only stop noticed that it had been removed. The air ping long enough to wet their throats, and of semi-hostile, semi-anxious inquiry of the after several hours of hard riding entered patrons and the smile of satisfaction cov- Alameda, where they found Hopalong in ering the face of Baum appealed to them the manner narrated. as the most ludicrous sight their eyes had After some time the three left the room seen for months, and they leaned back and and headed for Albuquerque, twelve miles roared with laughter, thus calling forth to the south. At ten o'clock they dis- sundry looks of disapproval from the in- mounted before the Nugget and Rope, an nocent causers of their merriment. But unpainted wooden building supposed to be they were too well known in Albuquerque a clever combination of barroom, dance to allow the disapproval to approach a seri- and gambling hall and hotel. The clever ous end, and finally, as the humorous side of ness lay in the man who could find the the situation dawned on the crowd, they hotel part. joined in the laugh and all went merrily. The proprietor of the Nugget and Rope, At the psychologic moment some one a German named Baum, not being troubled shouted for a dance and the suggestion met with police rules, kept the door wide open with uproarious approval. At that mo- for the purpose of inviting trade, a pro ment Harris, the sheriff, came in and vol- ceeding not to the liking of his patrons for unteered to supply the necessary music if obvious reasons. Probably not one man the crowd would pay the fine against a in ten was fortunate enough to have no one straying fiddler he had corraled the day "looking for him," and the lighted interior before. A hat was quickly passed and a assured good hunting to any one in the dark sum was realized which would pay several street. He was continually opening the fines to come and Harris departed for the door, which every newcomer promptly and music. forcibly slammed shut. When he saw men A chair was placed on the bar for the walk across the room for the express pur musician and, to the tune of "Old Dan pose of slamming it he began to cherish the Tucker” and an assortment of similar airs, idea that there was a conspiracy on foot to the board floor shook and trembled. It anger him and thus force him to bring was a comical sight and Hopalong, the only about his own death. After the door had wall-flower besides Baum and the sheriff, Bar 20 Range Yarns 203 laughed until he became weak. Cow Hopalong watched the couple until they punchers play as they work, hard and swung around and then he laughed silently. earnestly, and there was plenty of action. “Buck's got too many feet,” he seriously Sombreros flapped like huge wings and the remarked to his friend. baggy chaps looked like small, distorted "Swing th' girl yu loves th' best!-he balloons. ain't lonesome, look at that The Virginia reel was a marvel of supple, Two shots rang out in quick succession exaggerated grace and the quadrille looked and Harris stumbled, wheeled and pitched like a free-for-all for unbroken colts. The forward on his face as Hopalong's som- honor of prompter was conferred upon the brero spun across his body. For a second sheriff, and he gravely called the changes there was an intense silence, heavy, strained as they were usually called in that section and sickening. Then a roar broke forth of the country: and the crowd of frenzied merry-makers, headed by Hopalong, poured out into the “Oh, th’ ladies trail in An' th' gents trail out, street and spread out to search the town. An' all stampede down th' middle. As daylight dawned the searchers began If yu ain't got th’ tin to straggle back with the same report of Yu can dance an’ shout, failure. Buck and Red met on the street But yu must keep up with th' fiddle." near the door and each looked questioningly As the dance waxed faster and the at the other. Each shook his head and dancers grew hotter, Hopalong, feeling looked around, their fingers toying absent- lonesome because he wouldn't face ridicule, 'mindedly at their belts. Finally Buck even if it was not expressed, went over cleared his throat and remarked casually, and stood by the sheriff. He and Harris “Mebby he's following 'em.” were good friends, for he had received the Red nodded and they went over toward wound that crippled him in saving the sher their horses. As they were hesitating iff from assassination. Harris killed the which route to take, Billy Jordan came up. man who had fired that shot, and from this “Mebby yu'd like to see yore pardner- episode on the burning desert grew a friend he's out by Buzzard's Spring. We'll take ship that was as strong as their own care of him," jerking his thumb over his natures. shoulder toward the saloon where Harris's Harris was very well liked by the major- body lay. “And we'll all git th others ity and feared by the rest, for he was a later. They can't git away for long." “square" man and the best sheriff the Buck and Red nodded and headed for county had ever known. Quiet and un Buzzard's Spring. As they neared the assuming, small of stature, and with a kind water hole they saw Hopalong sitting on a word for every one, he was a universal rock, his head resting in one hand while the favorite among the better class of citizens. other hung loosely from his knee. He did Quick as a flash and unerring in his shoot not notice them when they arrived, and ing, he was a nightmare to the "bad men.” with a ready tact they sat quietly on their No profane word had ever been known to horses and looked in every direction except leave his lips, and he was the possessor of toward him. The sun became a ball of a widespread reputation for generosity. molten fire and the sand flies annoyed them His face was naturally frank and open; incessantly, but still they sat and waited, but when his eyes narrowed with deter silent and apologetic. mination it became blank and cold. When Hopalong finally arose, reached for his he saw his young friend sidle over to him sombrero, and, finding it gone, swore long he smiled and nodded a hearty welcome. and earnestly at the scene its loss brought “They's shore cuttin' her loose,” re before him. He walked over to his horse marked Hopalong. and, leaping into the saddle, turned and “First two pairs forward an' back! faced his friends. "Yu old sons-of-guns," they shore is,” responded the prompter. he said. They looked sheepish and nodded "Who's th' gent playin' lady to Buck?" negatively in answer to the look of inquiry queried Hopalong. in his eyes. “They ain't got 'em yet,” "Forward again an'ladies change! - remarked Red slowly. Hopalong straight- Billy Jordan." ened up, his eyes narrowed and his face 204 The Outing Magazine became hard and resolute as he led the way but there was something in Hopalong's back toward the town. eyes that made his flesh creep. “As ye Buck rode up beside him and, wiping his sow, so shall ye reap.” face with his shirt sleeve, began to speak He glanced quickly past his foe and took to Red. “We might look up th’ Joneses, in the scene with one flash of his eyes. Red. They had been dodgin' th’ sheriff There was the crowd, eager, expectant, purty lively lately, an' they was huntin' scowling. There were Buck and Red, each Hopalong. Ever since we had to kill their lounging against a bowlder, Buck on his brother in Buckskin they has been yappin' right, Red on his left. Before him stood as how they was goin' to wipe us out. the only man he had ever feared. Hopa- Hopalong an' Harris was standin'clost long shifted his feet and Thirsty, coming together an' they tried for both. They to himself with a start, smiled. His nerve shot twice, one for Harris an' one for Hop- had been shaken, but he was master of him- along, an' what more do yu want?” self once n:ore. “It shore looks thataway, Buck," re- "Well!" he snarled, scowling. plied Red, biting into a huge plug of tobacco Hopalong made no response, but stared which he produced from his chaps. "Any- him in the eyes. how, they wouldn't be no loss if they didn't. Thirsty expected action, and the deadly 'Member what Pie said?" quiet of his enemy oppressed him. He Hopalong looked straight ahead, and stared in turn, but the insistent searching when he spoke the words sounded as though of his opponent's eyes scorched him and he had bitten them off: “Yore right, Buck, he shifted his gaze to Hopalong's neck. but I gits first try at Thirsty. He's my "Well!” he repeated uneasily. meat an' I'll plug th’ fellow what says he “Did yu have a nice time at th' dance ain't. Damn him!” last night?" asked Hopalong, still search- The others replied by applying their ing the face before him. spurs, and in a short time they dismount "Was there a dance? I was over in ed before the Nugget and Rope. Thirsty Alameda,” replied Thirsty shortly. wouldn't have a chance to not care how he "Ya-as, there was a dance, an' yu can dealt the cards. shoot purty damn far if yu was in Alame- Buck and Red moved quickly through da,” responded Hopalong, his voice low the crowd, speaking fast and earnestly. and monotonous. When they returned to where they had left Thirsty shifted his feet and glanced their friend they saw him half a block away around. Buck and Red were still lounging and they followed slowly, one on either against their bowlders and apparently were side of the street. There would be no not paying any attention to the proceed- bullets in his back if they knew what they ings. His fickle nerve came back again, were about, and they usually did. for he knew he would receive fair play. So As Hopalong neared the corner, Thirsty he faced Hopalong once more and regarded and his two brothers turned it and saw him. him with a cynical smile. Thirsty said something in a low voice, and "Yu seems to worry a whole lot about the other two walked across the street and Is it because yu has a tender feelin', disappeared behind the store. When as or because it's none of yore damn busi- sured that they were secure, Thirsty walked ness?” he asked aggressively. up to a huge bowlder on the side of the Hopalong paled with sudden anger, but street farthest from the store and turned controlled himself. and faced his enemy, who approached rap “It's because yu murdered Harris," he idly until about five paces away, when he replied. slowed up and finally stopped. "Shoo! An' how does yu figger it out?” For a number of seconds they sized each asked Thirsty, jauntily. other up, Hopalong quiet and deliberate "He was huntin' yu hard an' yu thought with a deadly hatred; Thirsty pale and yu'd stop it, so yu came in to lay for him. furtive with a sensation hitherto unknown When yu saw me an' him together yu saw to him. It was Right meeting Wrong, and th' chance to wipe out another score. Wrong lost confidence. Often had Thirsty That's how I figger it out,” replied Hopa- Jones looked death in the face and laughed, long quietly. me. Bar 20 Range Yarns 205 "Yore a reg'lar 'tective, ain't yu?" his hip, and when he fell he had a gun in Thirsty asked ironically. each hand. “I've got common sense,” responded As he disappeared from sight Goodeye Hopalong and Bill Jones stepped from behind the “Yu has? Yu better tell th' rest that, store and started to run away. Not able too,” replied Thirsty. to resist the temptation to look again, they “I know yu shot Harris, an' yu can't get stopped and turned and Bill laughed. out of it by making funny remarks. Any “Easy as h–I,” he said. how, yu won't be much loss, an' th' stage “Run, yu fool—Red an' Buck'll be here. company 'll feel better, too.” Want to git plugged?" shouted Goodeye, "Shoo! An’ suppose I did shoot him, I angrily. done a good job, didn't I?" They turned and started for a group of "Yu did th' worst job yu could do, yu ponies twenty yards away, and as they highway robber,” softly said Hopalong, leaped into the saddles two shots were fired at the same time moving nearer. "Harris and they crashed headlong to the ground, knew yu stopped th' stage last month, an' Bill over the body of his brother. As the that's why yu've been dodgin' him." reports died away Buck and Red turned "Yore a liar!" shouted Thirsty, reaching the corner of the store, Colts in hand, for his gun. and, checking their rush as they saw the The movement was fatal, for before he saddles emptied, they turned toward the could draw, the Colt in Hopalong's holster street and saw Hopalong, with blood ooz- leaped out and flashed from its owner's hiping from an abrasion on his cheek, sitting and Thirsty fell sideways, face down in the up cross-legged, with each hand holding dust of the street. a gun, from which came thin wisps of Hopalong started toward the fallen man, smoke. but as he did so a shot rang out from be "Th' son-of-a-gun!" said Buck, proud hind the store and he pitched forward, and delighted stumbled and rolled behind the bowlder. "Th' son-of-a-gun!" echoed Red, grin- As he stumbled his left hand streaked to ning. 42 A STERN STERN CHASE BRUIN SETS THE PACE BY MAXIMILIAN FOSTER PAINTING BY PHILIP GOODWIN EYOND the wing island-like from a flat of cedar swamp and of ridges that flank moraine, a weeping tangle of bog land set Bald Mountain about the heights and drowned under by in the north, west every drench of rain. If bruin kept to the B. ward swung the high ground, all well and good to our pur- trail. By quirk pose; we might trail him in this open coun- and turn, hunting try. But once he slid wallowing among the patiently all the lowlands, cruising by the brakes and quag- sinks and wind mire, we would have no chance but to swim falls in that for it, or go and whistle for our pains. broken land, the way kept onward; and "Well?" asked Henry, quizzically; and through the tangle went the pair of us, when I nodded, grinned. “On we go, spurred on by the call of hope. then," he cried, hitching the pack to his Underfoot, the spring's last flaw of snows shoulders; "on we go an' the divvil take had spread the woods with slush; and the the hintmost!” trees, overburdened, slipped their loads Making no choice of the way, he plunged at a touch and drowned us in the down on down the slope, going like a cat for si- pour. But who in the heat of it-agog, lence, but setting a wearying pace. Around as we were, with expectancy-would stop us the forest walls closed in; the long to reckon discomfort? Draining water aisles of hardwood gave over to matted like two nixies in a brook, we tore our tangles of bush, and a runnel that had way through the copses, going at a clink come boiling down its channel of anchor- ing gait, for our friend, black bruin, had ice dipped suddenly, and in quick silence left his den beyond, hunting the thickets drained away into a seeping pool among for food, and wild in the quest for it. the alders. Splashing through the flood, To-day he might be there, or to- morrow we toiled to the long heights above; and gone; it was a time for haste and we there, spread out brown and drear, lay the hurried. rolling panorama of treetops that cloaked Once Henry stopped and leaned his rifle a forbidding land. Far behind us lay the against a tree. “Fine walkin', this!" he mountain we had left, and beside that mumbled, easing the strips of his pack. Nictau and the roaring Tobique. Clouds "Have ye had fill of it?” For this, as hid the rocky peak; but while we watched, he said, would be but the beginnings of it. a sudden gust smote the sailing vapor, and “Ye'll mind what's yon!” he cautioned. through the rift one wet gleam of sunshine Admonition waved a warning finger; we poured down upon the crags, flooding the knew the place of old. A year before we pinnacle with light. Its slides, laid with had wounded a moose that fled into the snow, glared blue-white and dazzling; be- dense covers for sanctuary, and time had low, a fringe of gloomy conifers shrouded not weaned us of the memory. The place it-and lifted their tall spires toward the -far and near as we knew it—was a man sky. Again came the wind, and the clouds, trap of the wilderness, hill upon hill rising herding like a sheep flock, poured against yer 206 A Stern Chase 207 c the rocky slopes, dropping a gray wall of it along the woods. Goading his famine blankness to hide it from our view. with the scent, he charged about, pawing We went along. By hill and hill we won over the litter; and when the hunger-lust our way through the tumbling country; drove him onward, he nosed along the and there, on the edge of a rolling mound, covers like a stoat, sniffing every cranny Henry stopped and peered through the as he passed. Nothing escaped him; even matted tangle at our right. Below us was the last mouse streaking it from the win- another little stream, clinking its way along ter's ruined tenement was tracked out the rocks, and beyond that a second hill, patiently from its hiding; for there on the a wide slope dressed with cedar scrub and trampled snow we saw all the story of this rank, upstanding files of hemlock. “It's foray broadly printed-destruction stalk- yon!” he whispered, pointing cautiously; ing on its way. “there'll be the tastey that holds him; “God!" cried Henry, staring at the ruin; and by the way of him, I'll mind he comes "he'll fairly slobber wi' the pain of it!" this way agin!” Leaning his pack against He stood up, then, from his scrutiny, and a tree, he eased the heavy burden on cast an eye warily about the bush. “He'll his shoulders, looked sharply along the have gone straight on,” he said, waving a hollow, and beckoned me to push on. At hand toward the south; "straight on to a tiptoe, fairly, we crept the forest then, fillin' meal. Round that hill, yon, is the conning every thicket as we passed, know leavin's of a dead caribou-mostly bones, ing that who hopes to see bruin first but a pickin' enough to holt him. He'll must see sharply, and going like shadows be back to it, I mind!” through the woods. We picked up the track and followed. "Wait!" said Henry, turning swiftly to “Aye-look at him!” cried Henry, pointing one side. “Look!” he whispered beneath to a new work of ruin on the snow. But his breath; "there 'll be the works of him going on a rod or two I saw him halt when he first turned loose in his hungri- abruptly, toe up the ground with his larri- ness!” kin, and stand there, a look of wonder in his Stamped on the snow-old but still cut eye. “What's this, now?” he cried, look- vividly-were the pad-marks of our friend, ing back to me. zigzagging the bush. “Aye—the bigness Marking the slush was a new string of of it!" cried Henry, grinning with eager- foot-prints coming up out of the hollow be- ness, and pointing to the sign. “Aye—I low, a track of moccasins, turning abruptly told you true!” as they came to the bear's, and then taking Together, like Crusoe spying on his canni on a ways. Henry studied them in bewil- bal track, we leaned down and hand-spaced derment. “See!” he cried, sticking his the length and breadth of it. For, taking For, taking own foot into the mark; "it 'll not be foot the measure from the snow, this was no of mine! Some one will have been along puny weakling of last year's litter, but a here yester noon!” matchless big one, a royalty swaggering The newcomer had kept to bruin's track among the clans, gaining in bigness as time but a rod or two; and then turning abrupt- had brought him age and wisdom. ly, swung off at a stride over the crest of He had come up out of the thickets be the height. Henry, following, spied on the low wild in his quest for food. Once a footprints, one by one, going a piece into rotting stump had tempted him—with fly- the bush; and then came swiftly back, all ing claws he rent it to the butt, hunting ruffled by his finding. "'Twill be that remorselessly for that one poor mouthful slinkin' poacher Good!” he cried, tossing to reward him; and there on the snow a up a hand; “him yon from the Tobique. dot of bloody slaver marked the final cur They'll say he come up this ways a fort- tain to another small tragedy of the wild. night agone!" There he had gone wallowing on all fours, “Good—not much in a name, Henry!” smashing at the leaping, terror-stricken And Henry shook his head sourly. Aye mite of fur till he had it crunched in his -not much; the fellow had been that way, slavering jaws; and roused by this taste too, a year gone by, filling all the bush of food, he had gone back to rag out the with his devilments. Not only had he laid wrecked fabric of the mouse-nest and strew snares for everything of fur from bear to 208 The Outing Magazine marten—which was lawful enough, of in from the nearest thicket and rooted course—but had set dead-falls in a dozen among the bones. “Aye, he'll be back!” passing places of the moose and caribou, said Henry in a whisper, “he's been back, using their meat to bait his stinking traps. and once agin he'll come. Henry scowled at the remembrance. One Havoc had been made of the carcass. that he found had already done its work The skull was gone, and along with that a a cow-moose lay under the fallen beam, greater part of the heavy bones, but there its back broken, and the ground about it still remained enough of it, as Henry said, mute evidence of the agony of this igno to draw him back again. "He'll not be minious death. “Paugh!" snapped Henry, far!” he whispered, the light of excitement in disgust: “I took a day, on the sight of in his eye; “we'll but take a sweep through that, followin' the blaggard's line; and the bush, now, and make sure of it!" he'll take no good of me for the wreckin' I So leaving this grisly relic undisturbed made of the works he'd set up in the bush!” we bore off to leeward again, and with a Grunting in disdain, he waved the way wide swing circled the dense tangles lying along. Good, no doubt, would return under the height. A mile beyond, there shortly to lay a trap for bruin; and so, for were Good's footprints dotting the snow all our toil, the hunt seemed ended, almost anew, but as they pushed away from the before it was begun. “Unless,” said Hen high ground where lay the caribou bones ry, speaking his thought, "unless we hang Henry passed along. Rounding out the to our tommy bear, an' take chance of circle, we returned to our own tracks of the lickin' a bullet into his hide afore he sees morning, and in that distance found no us an’ flits!” sign of bear. Henry grinned with glee. But how long must we trail for a sight “He'll lie in yon,” he cried, waving a hand of him? Henry hunched his shoulders in toward the broad basin we had edged. . apt expression of doubt. "No tellin's," “By dusk he'll be movin' agin, and if I he answered, after a pause, “or not at all. have the rights of it, we'll nab him back at It's only but a piece of the luck.” As he his feast some time by the dusk.” said, our best chance had been to pick up Between us we talked it over. We bruin nosing about the caribou bones, but would hunt a night chance, said Henry, for now this Good, knocking among the covers, night was not so far away, and when we had found the works, and would make had laid a camp, go back and wait in the haste to head off the brute with his traps. dusk for bruin. That seemed good enough Yet Henry was slow to defeat. “Come,” —there would be need of warmth and com- he said, grinning anew, "there 'll maybe fort after this day's drenching and weari- chances yet. We'll just but take a look at So we pushed back toward the place the carcass, yant!” of bruin's feast, and drifting down a blind In that long flat beyond the sea of ridges gully, hunted the choicest spot to camp. one piece of woods looked for all the world Before long we found it, too—a running like any other piece, but the way was clear brook, a tall rock to hold the fire's heat, to Henry. He fixed his gait at starting, dry wood in a neighboring windfall, and a climbed to leeward above the trail, and small hollow where the raw north wind slashing through the cover, we picked up should not hunt us out. that dot in the wilderness-or Henry did Already the sun had dipped toward the without a check to halt him. edges of the trees, and a duskiness began proaching nearer, the finding made itself to gather in the basins of the hills. "Not an easy mark; a gust of wind drifting up so bad, hey?" ventured Henry, unlimbering the hill brought us its token. There lay the axe at his belt. “I've seen worse, our goal, an unspeakable vender, crying its many's" wares loudly, but large in its appeal to such The words broke off short. I saw him wayfaring kin of the forest as the gaunt start, his nostrils thinning crisply, and starveling we tracked. “Ugh!" muttered lowering the axe, turn his head slowly Henry, wrinkling his face. toward the hill. Our friend had come that way again. "Hark-d'ye hear that!” he cried sharply. But he had gone, too. Henry and I, steal "Listen!” ing close, found the tracks where he came Already I had heard it, and stood there ness. But ap- وز PilipR.Goodwin Painting by Philip R. Goodwin. "Again he reared, a thing bestial and fearful." • it A Stern Chase 209 wondering. The wind, drifting away to its Dropping to a log, I tried to hear again, and night rest, had died among the trees, and a held my breath till my lungs burned. deep silence hung over the forest wild. “S7731!” hissed Henry, “will ye hear him Then came that sound anew-acry low and now!” mournful, raised like a far-off shout of dis Close under the hill arose that bawl of tress, coming through the distance in rage and pain again-after that came a whisper, but speaking loudly its miseries. crashing in the bush-a clang of metal "Jump alive!” screamed Henry, snatching on the rocks-and silence. Henry leaned up his axe, “come on -- it's him! He'll ha' toward me, his eyes glittering. “He'll be stuck his paws into trouble!” hard workin' away at it!” he whispered, Su Good, it seemed, had got there before, and beckoned me to rise. “He's but close and if we had but stuck to the man's tracks to that ragged beech, yon-the one with that day, we had found it. Henry took the rock at the butt of it. Go slow!” the brook at a single jump, floundering Then-so close that the echoes of it perilously on the shore ice, and with me shuddered in our ears—he uttered his re- tumbling along at his heels, rushed the sentment and distressed alarm. The cry height like a deer. That camp-chance be left him pitched coarse and menacing, a hind us we never saw again. The first spurt bestial threatening of his fury; yet at the took us to the crest, and turning with a end of it was a small human whimper, a shout to urge me faster, he plunged on, little tremolo of fear, perhaps, or at least of helter-skelter, the speed of the wind in his uncertainty. Breasting a way through the legs. shield of thickets, we had come so close that "Henry — Henry!” I yelled to him, we could hear the long sobbing breaths he “slow down!” drew as he wrestled with the devilment of The pace was killing; he turned, waited steel. Again it clanged as he struck it till I ranged alongside, and took to his heels against a tree-a coughing, half-uttered again. There was no stopping him a while, growl broke from him, and in the stillness I saw, so I clenched my teeth together, that came after it we heard his fangs go held on, and ran like a sprinter with his crunching in a shocking rage against the eyes on the tape ahead. Once he tripped hardened metal. Once more he bawled- on a twig sunken in the snow, sprawled then we saw him. headlong, and while he was gathering him Thrusting aside the bush, he rolled out self together I caught up and passed him. into the open, a mountebank of fur, clown- But my lead was soon undone; he came like in his movements, and terrible! Blood up behind me like a whirlwind, yelled again streaked his slavering jaws where he had to drive me on, and together we went down bitten at the trap, and his little eyes, set those long stretches of open woods, racing deeply like a pig's, glimmered evilly. As with all the good there was in us. he trod forward, limping, the clog, dragging Again we heard that voice of anger and on its chain, clinched against the roots of dismay, whimpering and distressful, and the beech tree, and halted him with a jerk. at the sound we halted in our tracks, lis We saw the trap had him by the wrist- tened and plowed on again. “Over the he stretched out his foreleg as the chain hill, yon!" gasped Henry under his breath, snatched back on him, and again--clown- and waved a hand toward it. I nodded; like-the hulking shape of fur sat down it was no time for words. Zigzagging and tried to yank it free. But the strength among a set of windfalls he stopped sud of it—this or his own keen agony was too denly, and crouching peered once swiftly much. He bundled forward on three legs, along the forest floor. “Bustle up!” he freed the clog, and then, like a fiend in his urged again, and after another short burst passion, stood up hugging the trap to his held up a warning hand. breast and struck the tree, again and again, Just beyond was a long level stretching baresark in his the top of the hill. "Listen!” warned Once I had seen a caribou with a flap of Henry, tilting his head, his ear cocked side- hide hanging at its shoulder, and wondered ways. “D'ye hear?” what had done it. This told me. Under I listened, but heard nothing save the those strokes of his the bark flew like drowning roar of blood surging in my ears. missiles, and every blow scored through to rage. 210 The Outing Magazine We lay the wood beneath. But this sudden flight I heard him cry, waving his hand toward of passions ended as swiftly as it came; the south. There beside the trail lay the he dropped back and whimpering anew, trap, its jaws grimly clinched and in their mawed over the griping steel. Poor clown! grip a few rags of fur that spoke the tale All his craft, his wit and cunning, come to in a word. Gone! The great brute had an end like this! There was his long-played wrought liberty for himself by strength of comedy turned at one quick stroke into the terror where rage and pain had failed him tragedy of the trapped thing! But who -terror, the greatest passion of all! Look- thinks of the pity of it—who remembers ing forward, I saw Henry leap aside; he when the hot lust of killing sweeps back- stooped to peer among the trees and his ward at a leap to the unlost instincts of rifle jumped to his shoulder. Once more primality? Yet there could be no sport in the silent woods thundered full of sound; this killing-only a needful brutality to put there was Henry running on, and night the poor trapped thing out of its agony. I already was closing down upon us. There wished, I know, that in the killing poor were no regrets now to lend us their delay. bruin matched it more on even terms Bruin matched us fairly even, and I fol- that he stood a better chance for it. lowed onward, exulting. But the murder was spared us. I picked up Henry on the hilltop where there a moment, quietly, Henry watching he stood looking off toward the south. with a slow doubt in his eyes. “It's the “He's gone away!” he cried with a grin, waste of a bullet,” he muttered, shaking wiping the sweat from his brow, “and his head, “and a mean way to slaughter 'twill be the divvil a hunt to catch him. the brute. Now- But I touched him the last shot. Will ye It must have been Henry's uncautious look at that!” movement that he saw-he reared, snarling He pointed to the ground beside him, till the broken tushes showed, and with the and I saw, soon enough, that bruin had trap dangling before him, stood there, been singed. Like bulletins of the fact, searching out these creatures that had there on the snow were the marks of it- brought him torment. But fear, coming a little splash of blood-another—then a then, swept down all the courage of his chain of dots. There was no telling how rage, and with a turn so swift that it was deep the lead had bitten-but not too deep, like the flitting of a shadow through the we saw soon enough. There was haste and leaves, he rolled back into the bushes and power yet in the length of strides that was gone! showed there on the snow, and Henry "Hoh!" roared Henry, snatching up his grinned as he regarded them. rifle. “Well,” he said, still grinning, “there 'll All the forest roared upon the sound of be no slaughterin' him yon so easy as I that bullet driven into the thicket's depth. thought. Aye, but they're slimpsy! Did Rising from the silence, echo filled the ye note the quickness of him?" woods with busy sound; hill after hill took Resting his pack against a tree, he up the clattering detonation, but after that shrugged his shoulders into the straps, and came a long-drawn stillness as if the soli bent down to examine the track anew. tude, awed, stood listening. The bullet had “Well, one time's as good as another,” gone astray; down the hill a crash of he cried glibly; "we'll just follow on a breaking twigs aroused us, and with his while. Hebbe he'll stop to lick his paw. rifle swung before him Henry raced away, If ye’re fair to stay along with him, we'll smashing through the woods and following have that fellow yet!" hot upon the passing trail. My choice was So we picked up the trail and followed. left me-| might stand there the night Taking the easy way, the tracks swooped through, gazing blankly at that dead wall downward to the hollow, changed gait from of bushes, the gateway of the flitting a gallop to a waddle and kept on to the quarry; or, on the other hand, pursue the southward till the hills pinched in and trail for company. I ran, taking up the blocked the level going. Then he climbed. track and pumping onward, and there at Elbow to elbow stood the heights, cut by the foot of the slope was Henry, once more knife-like gullies, and sliding-slipping- urging onward with his shout. “Gone!" crawling, we dragged our way to the crests, A Stern Chase 211 drew breath again, and coasted to the and heaving laboriously about, she crashed depths beneath. At every stride there away into the wood and was gone. seemed a chance to jump him, but good Once more, with the rising sun, the forest and bad alike, the cripple had the best of carpet turned itself to slush, and the trees it-night closed in around us, and there dripped, each a weeping, penitential sister. was bruin somewhere in the middle dis- Every thicket that we crossed drenched us tance and ambling swiftly along. anew with its moisture, and our way along We camped, foot-sore and drenched, and the slopes became the unsteady gait of the that night it froze and clad the forest with carouser. But still slipping-sliding-fall- a mail of ice. The wind, piping out of the ing, we kept to that heart-breaking toil; north, keened through the trees and hunted noon came to cheer us with a rest and the out our place of rest, and through all the boiling kettle of tea, and an hour beyond long hours we huddled beside the fire, that we picked up the first new sign to keep clinching each other for warmth and with our flagging hopes. an odd cat nap now and then to pass the He had stopped to mumble at his hurts. time away. Long before the dawn we We saw where he had turned in the snow, were up and ready, and when the first light and squatting like a man, tended as best came to show the way, we settled on the he could the grievous injuries done him. track, primed to follow its trail to an end. Farther along he had stretched his gaunt But how far that trail was to lead only shape for a rest; from this he had risen chance could tell. There was a time when stiffly, and walking down the glade, nosed at we camped like this on the wanderings of a hollow log. It lay there, half upset, as if a bull moose-four days he shacked along, he had tempted his strength again in hun- and then turned at bay. But bruin, like ger. The mice, huddled within, would never enough, as Henry said, might learn that know the providence that had saved them. we followed, and match craft with craft, “Go slow!” warned Henry, picking his playing along before us just out of reach, way craftily among the trees; "he'll not be keeping a thicket or two between us, and so far along now.” so fill out the game till we wearied of it or But bruin still had some weary miles of lost his trail in the melting snows. That going left him, and the way was growing was it-and grimly enough Henry counted worse. I think that with the last instinct up the chances. Then, on the other hand, of the wounded thing he was hunting some the bear's wound might stiffen, and haul clogging tangle where the dimmed light him, willy-nilly, to a standstill. In the and the stillness would ease his growing half-gloom of the awakening forest we fever, for saw before long that he wan- slipped and slid along the icy hills, always dered; the way no longer kept its line, but hoping for a glimpse of him, and keeping went turning to the right and left, worm- to those molded footprints on the crust. ing through the heart of every maze that Hours passed, and still we pressed the blocked this forest depth, and leaving no chase; the next copse might hold him, or corner unsearched. any windfall that strewed its wreck on the "Not for long, now," whispered Henry, ground. And once we thought we had him! his eyes a-gleaming. "He will hunt a A crash warned us. The long hunt, the place to lie.” weary searching through the miles of forest But somehow he found no place to his tangle, the silence all this had keened our liking. One hole after another bruin tried nerves to the breaking point, and we leaped in its turn-nothing suited, and leaving it together, our rifles thrust forward in readi- all behind him, he took to his march again. ness, waiting to flush the game. Climbing the ridge, he followed the long lowered the barrels again, sighing as we spines of upland a while—then he dipped caught our breaths, and out into the open suddenly to the swamps and tracked for shambled a ragged moose cow, the hair the heart of the moraine. ragged on her flanks, and round with the "Well,” said Henry, pausing and wiping young she was about to drop. For awhile the sweat from his face, “yon's a blitherin' she calmly eyed the two silent figures swamp, and you'll not lay the choice agin before her; then some shift of the wind me. But on we go—we'll snatch him yet þrought the taint to her wrinkling muffle, if we've only a bit of the luck!” 2 1 2 The Outing Magazine One bog after another stretched before He had turned about-face, and was com- us-not the open barrens of the caribou, ing straight toward us. “Let him come,' but a range of soggy tree land cut by bogans whispered Henry, gripping me by the arm, reaching here and there out of some stream and together we slipped the barrels for- unseen beyond us. Hummocks sprung ward, straining our eyes to clear him from with files of stunted cedar set close like the shadows around. Once more the air an army criss-crossed the way, and their roared in my head as I held in breath, and branches, like bayonets, too, prodded and my eyes, dimmed with searching him out, stabbed as we fought a path through the swam weakly and lost him again and again. tangle. There, too, were the hollows lining Then he paused beside the brook, his the flat-holes where the water rose to our maimed forepaw stretched forward like a knees, or, still worse, were skimmed with puppy's, and bending slowly, lapped at the rotting ice. There bruin had the best of oily current. But the pang of the cold it-some sense helped him to pick out the water-this or the movement stung his easy course, and going on all fours, briskly, wound, and he stood back, weaving slowly, he carried a trail through sinks where we throwing his head from side to side, and could scarcely follow. Once we tried, and limping up the bank, came onward to were brought up standing. After that, we that doom awaiting him there in the twi- shrunk aside from these strangling traps, light. and skirting their edges, picked up the Poor brute-even the slayer might find tracks beyond. Nor could we push along some heart of pity for his plight. This was as swiftly as before--the next thicket might the answer, though, to all his striving- be holding him, and our only chance to take half-iniquitous, destructive, mischievous, him was to come on him unawares. But but the remainder the rollicking of a clown. the night was close at hand—this in itself Nature writes her dramas fitly enough- spurred us on uneasily, and whether to a little comedy ranged to aid the action of keep the trail till darkness, or leave it and the piece, but all the trend of it bending strike for a camp-chance in the high lands toward that self-same end, tragedy. was a thing to be decided quickly. But “Whoof!” He reared upright, half sus- the answer came of itself-swerving sud- pecting the danger at hand; and all human denly again the trail pitched away to the now in the pose he struck, looked squarely right, and there, a mile beyond, lay the at us. His short forelegs were outstretched first ridges of the rising ground. We could before him, the paws dangling from the follow yet a while, and going swifter, as the wrists limply and inert. Gaunt and men- bush spread open, we hurried along, the acing, he fronted toward the peril. A little dusk drawing down to meet us. gust, wheeling down the slope, swirled in Over beyond the first hill a copse of the hollow, and blew the taint toward him. alders filled all the hollow of the gully, and We saw him, then, throw back his head, through its heart drained a little stream. peering-trying the air anew with his Quiet ruled that small pocket in the woods wrinkled nose and then, all at once, he -even the stream ran silently, and only sensed the peril that faced him. the drip-drip of water among the hillside Fear-like a blight-struck upon his rocks broke the cloistered stillness. There heart. He dropped forward on all fours, we saw him, coming on. and lumbering and uncouth, darted toward He had quit the swamps beyond, worn the cover; yet despite its clumsiness, there by the struggle in their depths, and in fretful was no lagging in that sudden burst of disquiet smashed a way brutally through speed. Fear had him in its clutches; he the screen of undergrowth. We heard him fled, wild with a taste of the reeking air. first, a crash of twigs sounding the loud But all the darkening forest crashed with alert-the alders swayed as if a storm beat repeating thunders. Echo trailed to echo, among them, their tops lashing in the air a chaos of sound. Once he gripped his side like whips. A long and open intervale madly where the murdering lead had stung stretched beyond this low ground; twilight him—again he reared, a thing bestial and had come, and as he pitched forward into fearful, writhing on his straining haunches, the clear, we made him out, like a shadow, and striking forward, fell there a-huddle, standing against the dusky lattice of twigs his journeying done forever. THE BUILDERS III.-STEAM AND SAIL ON THE PACIFIC BY RALPH D. PAINE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR T own. SHE steam-schooner, a vessel whose geration, but it may serve to hint that the build and habits are peculiar to commerce of the Pacific has ways of its the Pacific, often goes to sea “with Until recently another distinctive her load-line over her hatch.” Which feature of this shipping was that there means, that after her hold has been seemed so very little of it for so vastly crammed with cargo, a deck-load of lum much water. Six years ago I crossed the ber is piled half way up the masts, so that Pacific, bound out of San Francisco for her skipper puts out with the water wash China. The Stars and Stripes had been ing green over his main deck, and an oc in the Philippines for two years, and casional comber frisking across his bat much big talk was stirring about “Ameri- tened hatches. can expansion” toward the Orient. But Along the harbor front of Seattle runs even then such dreams had no more than the story of a passenger who loped down begun to materialize. to the wharf in a hurry to get aboard a de That expanse of ocean seemed as empty parting steam-schooner. He balanced him of shipping as when Sir Francis Drake self on the stringpiece for an instant, looked crossed it in chase of the galleons of Spain, down at what little he could see of the three centuries ago. We steamed three laden craft, and hove his grip-sack down weeks without sighting sail or smoke. Our the only opening in sight. He was about to vessel was the Rio Janeiro, an ancient iron dive after it when a lounger on the wharf kettle which would have been rated as shouted: hardly fast enough or stanch enough for “Hi, there! Where do you think you're the coastwise passenger trade between New jumpin' to? That's the smoke-stack you York and Florida. A few months later tossed your baggage down.” she struck a rock in San Francisco harbor, "Hell !" gasped the passenger, “I thought crumpled up like an old hat, and carried it was the hatch." nearly two hundred souls to the bottom The yarn has a slight flavor of exag in twenty minutes. 213 214 The Outing Magazine At that time, however, she was con- sidered good enough to be called a “Pa- cific Liner,” along with such other nautical relics as the old City of Peking and the Peru. The Pacific Mail had one first- class ship in commission, the China. An allied company operated three White Star boats which in course of time had been found too small and slow for the Atlantic passenger service. It had been left to the Japanese to fly their flag over three fine new steamers of medium size and yacht- like smartness that plied out of San Fran- cisco, and from Seattle the same hustling Orientals had put on a regular service in connection with the Great Northern Rail- way. Revisiting the Western coast last autumn, I found the signs of a swift and inspiring growth which may be glimpsed in these bristling figures: In 1897 the total tonnage of American steam vessels engaged in the Pacific Ocean was 23,426; in 1905 it had increased to 149,685, by which time more vessels in foreign trade were owned in Washington than in any other state of the Union. From Seattle now sail the magnificent steamers Minnesota and Dakota, built for James J. Hill, which would loom as giants on the swarming Atlantic, and from San Francisco steams the new fleet of majestic liners of the Korea and Manchuria class, created by the Pacific Mail. Out of Ta- coma voyage westward the new ships of the Boston Steamship Company; the China Mutual Navigation Compary has invaded the field with a monthly line from Puget Sound to Liverpool and Glasgow, via Ori- ental ports, and the Germans are build- ing up a new service out of Portland. Be- sides these regular lines, unattached freight- ers under steam and sail are hurrying to and from these ports in greater fleets each year. Far to the southward the breakwa- ter at San Pedro stretches out a mighty arm to shelter the coming squadrons of commerce. New ships are building to meet new dema ds, and yet with almost every voyage the liners leave behind them waiting cargoes fo: which they have no space, whose bulk is measured by hun- dreds of car loads. In the first half of last year ten ships were filled with freight left behind by steamers out of Seattle and Tacoma. Compared with what it is to be, how- ever, this traffic, like the new empire of the coast it serves, is a lusty infant able to sit up and kick. The Pacific is even now an ocean the richness of whose argosies will be revealed to future generations and other centuries. This was one of the im- pressions gleaned from the tossing deck of a San Francisco pilot schooner cruising to seaward of the oldest and most popu- lous port of the long Pacific coast. I re- called the stately columns of ocean craft that daily move past Sandy Hook, home- ward bound and outward bound, their signal bunting fluttering the names of ports in all the Seven Seas, and how on “steamer” days the liners file out through the Narrows, crowding at each other's agile heels, or flock in from the Atlantic, by day and night, like express trains on a crowded schedule. The pilot schooner Gracie S., off the Gold- en Gate, was not compelled to dodge any such traffic as this. She might reach out to the Farallones and back to the light- ship, or reel hove to on the deep-bosomed Pacific swell for two or three days on end without once trimming sail to meet an incoming vessel from “blue water." This pilot service differs from that of Atlantic ports in that no apprentices are trained to take the places of their elders. The men that cruise off the Golden Gate are chosen from among the veteran ship- masters who have commanded big vessels, under steam and sail, in many waters of the world. Therefore they know not only the harbors of their own coast but also the ways of ships and the sea at large. To cruise with a crew of these pilots was to gain a more vivid acquaintance with the shipping of the Pacific than could be picked up in browsing along water fronts and jug- gling with tonnage statistics. For it is one thing to read in the Ship- ping Gazette that "the American ship Wanderer, a hundred and thirty days from New York, was reported yesterday," and quite another to have seen her backing her main yard for a pilot outside the Golden Gate. First, her royals lifted from the empty sea like a gleaming fleck of cloud. Then one by one her fore yards climbed into view until, when the snowy fabric tow red clear of the horizon, she was a picture of surpassing beauty that stirred The Builders 215 the imagination to recall a vanishing story Sam sitting carelessly, with his legs dang- of one kind of commerce on the Pacific ling from the dock, smoking his pipe, with whose climax was reached nearly half a his cargo sold and his pockets full of money. century ago. The flag of the United States was a flower The sails of the Wanderer were patched that adorned every port." in many places, but the lines of her wooden There is no oratorical exaggeration in hull were of more graceful mold than can this briny eulogy. For example, the log be found in the cargo carriers of to-day. of the medium clipper Florence, one One of the last of the American sailing thousand tons, records that in a voyage ships, the Wanderer belonged with the from Shanghai to England, in 1859, when past, just as the great Pacific liner and the seventeen days out, she exchanged sig- wallowing, wall-sided tramp foreshadow nals with the English ship John Master- the commercial expansion of the future. man, which had sailed thirteen days before The time was when the Cape Horn clippers her. and packets swept through the Golden The shining prestige of those times was Gate in such noble fleets as have never due to the Yankee skipper as well as the since sailed under the American flag. At Yankee hull. They carried sail and held the height of the gold excitement of the on to their spars when foreign ships were Fifties, the harbor of San Francisco held reefed down snug. It was this same Flor- more shipping than have ever the ports ence clipper that “passed two barks under of Liverpool or New York. The present reefed courses and close-reefed topsails generation is apt to fancy that creating a standing the same way—we with royals commerce on the Pacific is a new thing, and topgallant studding sails." for it is easy to forget that it was the Pa List, ye landsmen, also, to an incident cific trade which for many years pushed the in the career of the immortal Sovereign of Stars and Stripes to the front of the mer the Seas. Built by the famous Donald chant marine of the world, a prestige lost McKay, and sailed by his gallant broth- so long ago that even its memories are er Lauchlan, she left New York for San fading. Francisco in August, 1851. Off Valpa- Where one lonely Wanderer signals for a raiso she was almost wholly dismasted in pilot, a score of hard-driven Yankee clip a storm carrying away everything on the pers once surged in from over seas. Now fore and mainmasts above the lower mast- when British and German ships are carry heads. In two weeks Captain Lauchlan ing the wheat and the lumber and the McKay had fitted out his crippled vessel manufactured products of America across with so marvelous a jury rig that she every ocean, it sounds like fairy tale to reached San Francisco in one hundred and read of American fleets which have never two days from New York, which was re- been excelled for speed, power and beauty; corded as “the best passage ever made for of the clipper Flying Cloud, which in a the season.” fair, strong breeze could run away from Mostly under foreign flags, the square the steam liners of her time, of the Sov rigger still plies the Pacific, no longer clip- ereign of the Seas, the Flying Fish, the per built, but a bluff-bowed, clumsy, full- Phantom, the Shooting Star, the Westward waisted tank jammed full of cargo, with Ho and the Bald Eagle, all peerless in their small thought of speed. As for the famous day. Yankee sea-skimmers, a few of them may They belonged with the time when Cali be found cut down to melancholy hulks fornia, Australia and Oregon were first and doing duty as barges towing up and opening to trade. “The merchant who down the Pacific coast, or with spread of could get the fastest ship had the market spars sadly reduced, tumbling sluggishly for the fruits of the Mediterranean, for the with the salmon and grain fleets, like worn- rugs of Smyrna, for the silks of India and out thoroughbreds impressed as cart- the teas of China, and supplied the new horses. states of which the Anglo-Saxon race was But even the cheaply built and cheaply then laying the foundations. When John manned steel sailing ships of the foreigner Bull came floating into San Francisco or must struggle to compete with the big- Sydney or Melbourne he used to find Uncle bellied tramp steamer. The solitary Wan- 216 The Outing Magazine derer was not alone in her depart- ing glory. She was luckier than many of her sisters. As our pilot schooner tacked past Sausalito out- ward bound, there lifted into view a fleet of a dozen rusting sailing ships tucked away in a pocket of the harbor. They had been laid up in costly idleness, some of them for two and three years waiting for charters. Said Pilot "Jimmy' Hayes: “I've seen twenty of those deep- water ships laying over there at one time, eating their heads off year after year until you'd think their plates would rust through. A while ago I took one of them to sea, a German bark, that had been waiting two years to get a charter. The skipper had tarried so long that he had sent out to Germany and fetched his old One of the halibut feet of Seattle, which fishes in Alaskan waters. mother to 'Frisco to keep him company. He told me his hard-luck telling me how near broke he was and story: how at last he had got a grain how much he had at stake, and persuaded charter out of Portland and had drawn me to let him down easy on his pilotage eleven thousand dollars from home, all charges. He was between the devil and he had in the world, to refit his vessel the deep sea, that Dutchman, and there are for sea. He worked on my sympathies, lots more like him, only they don't bring A steam-schooner, deep laden, bound into San Francisco from the north. The Builders 217 - for Manila. While the East has almost forgotten that troops still say farewell to mothers and sweethearts and wives at the transport docks, and sail away to years of exile in the islands of the Orient, the Pacific coast still thrills to these stirring episodes, "I was commander of the steamer St. Paul while she was a transport on the Philippine run," said Captain Hayes, and I'll swear I feel the prickles up and down my back to this day when I see one of those vessels leaving harbor with a regiment of soldiers crowding along her rail, and the band playing, and the old ſlag snapping in the wind. I got my first thrill at Manila. I had a Tennessee regiment of volunteers on board, homeward A Pacific pilot schooner cruising off the Golden Gate. bound, at the time when there was a lot of fighting in the isl- their old mothers along to make us feel ands. We steamed out past the Olympia, sorry for them.” as close as I dared shove my ship. The Awakening a different kind of sentiment band on the flagship was playing the 'Star was the sight of an army transport signal- Spangled Banner,' and every blue-jacket ing farewell to the station at the Golden stood at attention with his cap in his hand. Gate as she straightened out on her course The thousand infantrymen on my vessel An American bark from around the Horn, signaling her arrival off the Golden Gate. 218 The Outing Magazine let out a yell you could have heard in Manila. "Admiral Dewey was standing on the quarter-deck, and he bowed, of course. But just then the flagship band swung into ‘Dixie,' and our band took it up, and they played it together, and, good Lord, if you ever heard men really yell, it was those thousand lads from Tennessee! The Ad- miral threw his cap as high as he could toss it, and didn't give a hang whether it came down on deck or over side. And that's the way we left the Philippines. “Why, I got a lump in my throat the other day when I happened to be down on the dock to see a transport start from 'Frisco. A regular regiment was outward bound, and the dock was jammed with folks come down to say good-by. Half the town was there, as if it was something new to see a transport pull out. There were cheers and tears, and just as the vessel swung clear of the dock the band led off, and a thousand men in khaki sung all to- get her, 'Good-by, Little Girl, Good-by.'" They say sailors are kind of sloppy weather when it comes to sentiment, but it did beat going to hear an opera just to hear those boys sing “Good-by, Little Girl, Good-by." While the Gracie S. was cruising off the Golden Gate, there was much time for yarning of ships and sailors. When the wind rose and the green rollers put on their bonnets of foam, a reef was tucked in the mainsail of the stanch schooner, her jib hauled to windward, and she lay to with no more attention from her crew. Then in the little cock-pit, whose rail was a shelter against the spray that stormed from for- ward, or down in the roomy cabin, the pilots three smoked and talked and waited (with the large patience that belongs to sailors and fishermen and prospectors) for the summons of the watch on deck to “board off” when a vessel should be sighted. There were always shifting backgrounds in harmony with the random chat that seldom veered from salty topics. Sleek and dog-like seals poked their heads from the lazy swells alongside, and stared curi- ously before they ducked under again. The brown and white gulls that nest on the rocky Farallones hovered astern almost within arms' reach, or swam close to the schooner's counter while they waited for the cook to come on deck with a pan of scraps. Pilots and seamen might bob up through the companion hatch and go be- low without a sign of agitation among the astute gulls. But let the white apron of the cook appear on deck, and there wa clamorous commotion among these eager and audacious guests. A flourish of his arm made them fairly hysterical with ex- citement, and when he tossed his garbage overboard a score of gulls were flying and crying around him, ready to catch the morsels the instant they fell into the sea. It is not too venturesome an assertion that these Pacific gulls knew the meal hours aboard the Gracie S., and if breakfast was late they began to protest with creaking cries and impatient, fluttering flights. Nor was the sea ever empty of shipping. Four-masted coasting schooners now and then slipped into the Golden Gate, bound from Puget Sound ports. They were lumber laden, and their deck-loads were of a top- heavy height to afflict an Atlantic coasting skipper with nervous prostration. They were in accord with the spirit of Pacific navigation, which is to “load 'em deep and take chances.' A big tramp, coal laden, came waddling in from British Columbia. There was no more than a fine sailing breeze, but when this sluggish Germanicus swung in to pick her way through the North Channel, the sea was slopping over her well deck fore and aft. She appeared to be on the point of foundering, but she was no more than making good weather of it with a full cargo. A slim black schooner, heavily sparred, and tearing along like a racing yacht, slid out of the Golden Gate and laid a course a little south of west, There were brown- skinned sailors on her deck, and she smacked of the trade winds and the South Seas. “She's one of the few island traders left," said a pilot. “There's a bit of life that's almost gone from the San Francisco water front. A dozen years ago you could find the island schooners in here by the dozen, the kind you read about in Steven- son's bully yarn of 'The Wrecker.' But the beach comber and the Kanaka sailor and the fast schooner chock full of trade for the benighted islander have slipped away from the American, who didn't hustle enough to keep up with the Germans. It's The Builders 219 the Dutchmen that have captured the South Sea business just as they have scup- pered us in the deep-water cargo trade, and have made the English look sick in the race for the commerce of the Orient.” The schooner bound for the Marshall Islands was no sooner hull down than a French ship four months out from Ham- burg hove in sight, heading for the light- ship. Her string of signal flags showed that she wanted to talk to a pilot. The Gracie S. was expecting this stately square- rigger, because the ship's agent in San Francisco had sent orders which he wished delivered to the skipper before he could haul in for the Golden Gate. The pilot schooner shook out a reef, and sped off to meet the Frenchman. Her red-capped crew was cheerily tidying ship, for port was in sight. At sight of the pilot boat they dropped their tasks, and tailed on to the weather clew of the mainsail. From the deck rose the hurricane voice of the mate: “Weather main brace,” and then, “Let go the lee main brace.” The main yard swung slowly aback, the big ship lost headway, and lay waiting for the pilot, who the skipper expected was hurrying to take him into port. But alas! the envelope delivered froin the agent in the San Francisco office held orders to pro- ceed to Portland to discharge her cargo. “By Gar, it means anozzer month at sea, ” bawled the sallow skipper as he stamped his quarter-deck in rage and dis- appointment. "Anozzer month of beating up coast, an' God knows how long waitin' off ze bar.” The pilot sympathized and made haste to escape. Even the ship seemed to sulk. For an hour she lay off the light-ship, her main yard aback, before her crew fell to work, and she swung slowiy on her way. It was easy to imagine the gloom streked with the most vivid profanity which filled the weary ship from cabin to forecastle. Within sight of the Golden Gate, to be or- dered to sea again after months of solitary wandering half around the world, was like being turned back at your own gate, and within sight of the lights in your own home . window, after a long, long absence. The disheartened wayfarer with her splendid spread of gleaming canvas was swooping hull down to the northward like a great gull, when a smudge of smoke showed against the tumbling green sea to the westward. “The Siberia,” cried a pilot. “I said she would show up at nine o'clock this morning. It's a little after eight, and she'll be abreast of the light-ship in less than an hour.” His guess was right to a dot. The great liner, fit type of a new era in the life of the wide Pacific, was racing for home from the far-away Orient so close to her schedule that her arrival could be timed as accu- rately as if she were a transcontinental express. Against another quarter of the 'horizon the square-rigger was dropping hull down, bearing with her an outlived age of romance on the sea. The liner, with her trailing column of smoke, the cargo of a dozen clippers stowed in her caver- nous holds, and the strength of ten thou- sand horses driving her against wind and weather, brought the message of the new age of the Mind in the Machine. Her giant bulk lost headway, she picked up her pilot, who crawled up her tall side like a fly on a wall, and five minutes later the huge steel fabric was crashing through the swell to finish her run into the Golden Gate, a link between the oldest and newest civilizations, that lie five thousand miles apart in distance, but only a few days in time. Captain John Wallace, now a pilot on the Gracie S., had seen as much of the two eras of steam and sail as a man in his prime could be expected to know. He first went to sea at the precocious age of six months, for his mother was the wife of a down-east shipmaster from Thomaston, Maine. When barely out of his teens this thoroughbred Yankee seaman was master of a deep- water vessel, and for eight years command- ed one of the few fine big sailing ships that still hail from Maine. His shipmate, Cap- tain “Jimmy” Hayes, had been master of vessels in the Alaska trade when the gold stampedes to that wonderful country were in full flight. He carried the frenzied ar- gonauts north to the crowded beach of Nome, and to Skaguay, when many skip- pers were facing hazards as startling as any of the perils undergone by the gold seekers. For the sorriest fleet of patched and painted coffins that ever masqueraded as sea-going vessels was assembled to reap the fat har- 220 The Outing Magazine vest of the Alaska coast. Anything that alls and a jumper. This is the country would float and turn over an engine was where a man takes a chance to win out, pressed into service, and the story of the afloat or ashore.” North Pacific includes a picturesque and One evening aboard the Gracie S. the tragic tally of ships that had no plausible merits of the Chinese and the Japanese as excuse for staying afloat. Even now, when sailors drifted into the discussion. an ancient liner drops from the active list With a tone of profound regret in his of the Atlantic trade because of sheer de voice Captain Wallace observed: crepitude, it is not to be concluded that she “This boat has never been the same has been sent to the marine bone-yard. Two since Bennie left. Who was Bennie? Just to one she will turn up with a new name a wizened, cock-eyed Chinaman, cook of and a fresh coat of paint in the Alaska trade. the Gracie S. for seven years. He left us The gossip of Captain Hayes about the last cruise, just packed up his duffle and brave days of the rush to Nome reminded went ashore. All Chinamen look alike to me of a young man whom I encountered you, eh? Well, that's because you didn't in Seattle. He vanished from among his know Bennie. He was a down-east New luxurious friends in New York three or England Chinaman. Old Captain Scrib- four years ago after losing a quarter of a ner, a Maine skipper, picked Bennie up million dollars in Wall Street over night. when he was six years old and raised him He fled far from the scene of his hair-rais- by hand. He grew up as good an Ameri- ing ruin, and because he had not learned can as you ever clapped eyes on. He how to work, he suffered many vicissi could pull a rope, stand a trick at the tudes in the West, whence he went to seek wheel, work fifteen hours a day and cook his bread. He had been cow puncher and like a wizard. We couldn't get along with- brakeman, farm-hand and stevedore, be out him, and then he up and quit us be- sides many other curious and toughening cause the Scandinavian foremast hands callings, while the West was making a man made some remarks about his grub. His of him. While "hustling" freight on a cooking was too good for them, that was Seattle wharf, he was offered a chance to the matter. Bennie stood it a little while, take a barge to Alaska. and then came to me and told me that he “Men were scarce and I was a husky- liked Yankees, because he was one of us, looking lad,” said he, “and hard as nails. and would stand anything we had a mind Did I jump at the job? Of course I did. to say about his menu, but he'd be damned I didn't know anything about commanding if he'd stand any observations from those a sea-going barge. What difference did foreigners forward, meaning the 'square- that make? Out here, you tackle any heads.'” thing that turns up if you've got the stuff "That's right, Johnny," broke in Cap- If you haven't, you starve to tain Hayes; “Chinamen are good men death. I picked up half a dozen rousta afloat, but I haven't much use for Japs. bouts for a crew and set out in tow, loaded Why, I took in a Maru boat the other day, down to the hatches. I got to Alaska with and the chief engineer, who was an Eng- the barge, although two of my crew were lishman, was giving me his opinion of Japs washed overboard and lost, and I had to as sailors. He had the evidence to back break the head of another with the butt of it up, too. We know they're slow and à gun. I put four hundred tons of ma lazy, but did you know that they're man- chinery on the beach from the open sea eaters? This engineer was all bandaged without a derrick or a wharf, and came up. He said the back of his hands and back to Seattle with my barge afloat. I the front of his legs were chewed up as if put all I made on the trip into a charter a menagerie had broken adrift in the cargo. for the Alaska trade, and the steamer went There had been a lively scrap in the fire on the rocks and I was flat again. So I room, and when he sailed in to clear the went back to work as a stevedore. Now place, his Jap stokers and trimmers turned I'm on my feet again, have a little backing on him and chewed him up according to and I'm looking out for another charter. their own style of fighting. Now wouldn't l'll be rich in three years, or else l’ll be that make you sick? Men calling them- shoving freight on the dock in blue over selves sailors with habits like that!" 1 in you. The Builders 221 ence. I asked for tales of personal adventure Wallace. “And folks ashore think the and was ill rewarded, for men who live compass always points north and south. amid strong and hazardous deeds are not If they want to signify the straight, honest easily led to talk about themselves. goods, they'll say “true as the needle to the "We have some rough times off here in pole.' As a matter of fact, the compass the winter,” said Captain Hayes, “when points almost any other old way by prefer- the southeasterly gales blow up. It isn't Think of all the kinks you have to freezing weather like Atlantic cruising, but look out for. For instance, do you know it blows hard enough to break the light-ship there is less compass deviation aboard a adrift every winter or so, and she manages steel ship if she's laid down north and south to clear Race Point somehow when she in the building yard? It's true. Her hull blows to the northward. She'll go ashore becomes magnetized by the pounding of some time and there 'll be a lively story for the riveters on her plates. This wears out you. Which reminds me of the time when of a ship in time. I once boarded a steel the reporter asked Gus, the Norwegian steamer, and her captain said while he was foremast hand, for an adventure story. showing me his compasses: “| vas upset sometimes in the yawl, “She's getting better all the time. It boarding off steamers in bad wedder,' will wear out of her in two or three more said Gus, willing to oblige. Last winter voyages. If she'd been laid down east and the yawl turned over and de udder feller west, the deflection would be much worse.' was drownded. I was in de water an hour, You might have thought he was telling me und I got pooty wet. Dot's all, I tink.' about a horse he was breaking to harness. “Seafaring life on this coast isn't so much Funny, isn't it?" what you get into as what you manage to "Yes,” said Captain “Jimmy," "it's one steer clear of,” Captain Hayes continued. more nut for the poor shipmaster to crack. "The pilots and shipmasters are blamed for It's bad enough to have to allow for de- a lot of disasters, but there's two sides to viation caused by cargo. Even coal has the question. San Francisco harbor, for played the devil with lots of compasses and example, is a mean place to handle a vessel. wrecked more than one fine vessel on this The currents shift over night and the fog coast. There's enough iron in several thou- shuts down like a blanket. Then we have sand tons of coal to get on the nerves of to smell our way and often steer by the the compass, and I once saw a ship get echo of the fog whistles against the rocks, clean off her course because the man at the and steering by echoes isn't all plain sail wheel had a jack-knife in his pocket.” ing, if you've ever tried it. Why don't we Within the last half century hundreds of anchor and wait? We do, but it's often stout vessels have piled up on the rocky against the wishes of the shipmaster, and heads between Puget Sound and San Die- back of him is the owner crazy to take go, many of them overloaded and under- chances and make time. Most ships lost manned. Contrasted with this black rec- along the Pacific coast go ashore because ord is the story of the pilot schooner of the master is hugging the points and the Golden Gate, which is almost the last doubling the headlands instead of giving of her kind. She has already vanished himself plenty of sea room, all to gain a from the offing of New York harbor and little time and save a few tons of coal. the Delaware Capes, where steam has re- "And I've taken many a steamer to sea tired these stout-hearted little vessels. when her compasses were no more use for Through the storms of two generations, steering by than a cat's tail in the dark. while big ships and steamers were adding Her owner had given the skipper no time their names to the list of Pacific disasters, to swing his ship in port and adjust his these schooners have fought through heavy compasses, and he went blundering out to weather and clawed off lee shores. sea, shaving the coast, his compass be Only two of them have been lost since having like a drunken sailor. Then when the fleets of the Cape Horn clippers brought he, loses his ship, he's most likely ruined them into being. Five years ago, the for life, if he's lucky enough to escape being Bonita was rammed by a whale while at drownded." sea, and the stern post ripped out of her. "Right you are, Jimmy,” said Captain Her crew had barely time to pitch their 222 The Outing Magazine yawls over and escape with what they of the firing line are the leaders of the op- stood in before she went to the bottom. posing forces, James J. Hill and E. H. Thirty years ago, the Caleb Cushing cap Harriman. They have spent half a billion sized while crossing the bar in a southeast dollars in a decade. They have rebuilt gale. She turned over end for end and all the transcontinental railway system, and hands were lost in this fatal somersault. their competition has reduced freight rates Neither disaster could be blamed to poor thirty per cent. They have made cities, seamanship or lack of stanchness in the bridged seas, tunneled mountains, and lost vessels. They are examples of honest achieved feats of engineering and executive ship-building to-day. It was the Gracie S. daring unequaled in industrial develop- that missed stays in a strong tide, and ment. Mr. Hill has said of his controlling crashed fourteen feet into a San Francisco ambition: wharf without starting a plank of her hull. "I have been charged with everything, As for the seas that break over the bar from being an 'Oriental dreamer' to a crank, when big winds blow and the pilot schoon but I am ready at all times to plead guilty ers are scudding for home, Captain "Jim to any intelligent effort within my power my" Hayes can tell you stories like this: that will result in getting new markets for "I was taking out a big English tramp what we produce in the Northwestern when there was some weather on the bar. country.” Three seas broke clean over her bridge. He has made his dreams come true. The captain and the mate took to the Seattle was a straggling seaside town when rigging and left me by my lonesome. I he put his railroad into it. Since that time couldn't persuade 'em to come down from the Puget Sound ports have become mighty their perches until we were in the channel rivals of San Francisco for ocean traffic, again. They swore the vessel was founder and the older city at the Golden Gate has ing. They looked kind of ridiculous sprad- seen them increase their tonnage by leaps dled out in the shrouds. Yes, it's a bad and bounds, and at her expense. bar at times.” The Alaska trade of Seattle and Tacoma When all three pilots had forsaken the alone has become an impressive factor in Gracie S. to board the vessels they were the nation's business on the water high- seeking, the little schooner was left in ways. Only nine years have passed since charge of her grizzled boat keeper, who had the steamer Portland came into Seattle sailed in these craft for more than thirty with the first big shipment of gold from the years. We headed homeward with a fair Yukon and Nome in her treasure room. wind and slipped past the rugged portals Since then more than a hundred million of the Golden Gate into one of the fairest dollars in raw gold has passed through the harbors in all the world. The greatest city assay office at Seattle. It has created a of the far West was purpled in twilight that traffic of twenty million dollars a year with shadowed its protecting hills. Along the Alaska ports, most of which streams north- water front were clustered the spars and ward from Seattle. stacks of vessels loading for the ports of the If you think that steam has wholly Orient, Alaska, the South Seas and Hawaii. banished hot-blooded romance from the And beyond the wharves and the city sea, it is worth loafing along the Seattle stretched the unseen railroads, fighting the wharves in the early autumn when the last most dramatic industrial conflict of to-day steamers of the year are loading for Nome. for the victors' share of the Pacific com It is a race with the ice that is already merce that bulks so big in reckoning with grinding off the distant and lonely coast the future of American enterprise. Half a they are hurrying to reach. Cargo fills century ago William H. Seward read the their holds in roaring torrents of activity. signs aright when he said: When the last pound of freight that can be “The Pacific Ocean with its shores, its carried is shoved aboard the steamers, per- islands and the vast region beyond will be haps three or four of them turn northward come the chief theater of events in the with all the steam their straining boilers world's great hereafter.” can stand up under. It is a gamble, with Building fleets is only one factor the the chances of being nipped in the ice or present struggle for expansion. Far back being forced to turn back baffled. Last The Builders 223 > autumn the gamblers lost, and one steamer or Dakota swallows thirty thousand tons which I saw go surging out of Seattle came of cargo, which is the burden of five hun- limping back a month later, her cargo still dred freight cars. They carry three thou- under her hatches. sand passengers when the lists are full. An average of nine vessels a week, or al Their tonnage is twenty-two thousand, or most five hundred a year, clears from Amer six thousand tons greater than any other ican ports for Alaska, figures worth putting vessel in the Pacific trade. And looking a alongside the objections of certain sapient little farther backward, one finds that the Congressmen that it was a ridiculous waste Minnesota is almost twenty times larger of money to pay Russia $7,200,000 for "an than the far-famed clipper of the age of empty ice-box. The docks of Seattle tell sail, whose titanic heir she is to the com- another story. merce of the Pacific. In this Puget Sound port one stands al A century ago a Salem bark of only two most in the middle of the United States of hundred tons (a hundred of her like could this generation, for the Aleutian Islands be stowed in the holds of the Minnesota stretch two thousand nine hundred miles or Dakota) made one of the first voyages west of Seattle, while Eastport, Maine, is around the Horn to the new Northwest about the same distance to the eastward. coast. She mounted eight guns, and her And some of us have to go west to learn cargo consisted of "broadcloth, flannel, that the sun is always shining somewhere blankets, powder, muskets, watches, tools, in this new America, for when the June beads and looking-glasses," for trading with twilight falls on the gray waters of Behring the painted natives. Sea, the New England farmer is milking On a recent voyage the Minnesota car- his cows in the early dawn. ried to the Orient seventy locomotives, more If you would be impressed by a final than a hundred railway cars, ten thou- proof that the dreamers of yesterday are sand kegs of wire nails, and half a mil- the builders of to-day, you should see one lion dollars' worth of hardware, machinery, of J. J. Hill's new steamers loading for flour and other products of the mills, the Japan and China and Manila, and then mines, the farms and the factories, that, recall the kind of liners that were on the even from the far-away Atlantic coast, Pacific a few years ago. The Minnesota seek new outlets toward the setting sun. (To be continued.) th An American ship, one of the last of her kind, departing from San Francisco ONE OF THREE BY LAWRENCE MOTT DRAWING BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER "B ON!” Guillaume Bouchard shouted, laughed from across the store, "broddaire crashing his heavy fist on the Guillaume ees slow lak de molass”; run up board counter, “Napoleon no de de hill when she's col’!” The crowd roared grreates’ man en de worl’! Dat feller ees with delight. Laurier, by Gar, Laurier!” Moutin, the “Oui, so slow lak de moose go 'long een storekeeper, leaned forward, his little black de deep snow!” and Raphael St. George eyes sparkling with enjoyment of the ar chuckled. gument. The store was close and hot, Guillaume's strong, heavy face wrinkled and the air thick with the reek and fumes with amusement. “You attends, you fel- of many pipes. Here were gathered all lers; to-night Ah goin' starrt een hour for the gossips and wise men of the tiny camp Seex, be back to-mor' après-midi, Quebec village, according to time-worn den we mak' see 'bout dees affaire; dat custom, and the debate to-night was an agréable?” especially good one. Old Père Donvalle "Le camp Seex? Why for?” Moutin nodded slowly, then in the silence after asked. Guillaume's assertion he took the clay pipe “De Boss he say for me breeng hup de from his mouth, stroked his. long gray telegramme w'en she comme, an' maudit, beard premeditatively and spoke: she ees arrive jus’ taim suppaire, damn!” “Bon, Guillaume, mon garçon, eef you “’Ow you goin', by de Run Roun' or by t'ink no man so beeg en le monde as Laurier, de longue traverse?” vat you goin' say ven Ah say dat Laurier “Ah t’ink Ah go longue traverse; de no so grand as le Jesu Christ? Hein?” snow she no so bad for de dog dat way.” Murmurs from the group showed that As he spoke Guillaume went to the door this indeed was a hard proposition, and and opened it. It was a glorious mid- they all waited gravely for Bouchard's winter night. At his feet the ice-bound answer. The low hanging lamp shed but river twined its frozen shape past the vil- weak rays of yellow light that scarce lage out to the open country, where its reached the walls, and only vaguely illu contour melted into the white that covered mined the neat rows of frying pans and everything, and was lost. The glittering kettles that were strung in precise lines stars sent steel-like shafts of light to the from the smoke-darkened roof beams. The earth, while the setting moon dispersed clusters of rubber boots and shoepacks the fading shadows and glistened on the seemed blacker than ever, and bunches of chimney pots of the compact little mass brooms dangled forlornly at all angles. of houses. Here and there shone twink- Guillaume, a huge lumberman of magnifi- ling lamps that seemed to warm Guillaume, cent physique, viciously gnawed a chew of notwithstanding the bitter sting of freezing tobacco from his plug, and stared fixedly in the air; as he watched, a figure came at the open door of the big round stove, running up the hill on which the store was whence came comfortable beams of heat. built; it reached him. Moutin tapped Bouchard playfully on “Eh, you grand bébé," a cheery voice the ear: “You an' èphe an' Raphael, laughed from under heavy shawl, “no you got all arrange 'bout Lucille, hein?" tak' all de door.” The figure brushed by "Par Dieu, non,” Josèphe Bouchard him into the house. He followed it. 224 Schonnoren Drawing by Frank E. Schoonover. "He got Lawson on his powerful back with the cut leg stuck forward through the crook of his arm, and he started. . One of Three 225 "Bien, Lucille, you no go bed 'tall?” “Be back to-mor' certain?” Moutin asked as he deftly unwound the “Bien sure,” Guillaume answered, as he cloth from the girl's head and throat. turned in at the little gate in the picket “Bien sure, Grandpère, onlee Grand fence that surrounded his tiny home. “Au mamman she want for de l'huile a leetle, revoir." so den Ah come,” and she glanced roguish “Au revoir, Guillaume.” The other ly at the three, Guillaume, Josèphe and two passed on, the sound of their voices Raphael, that crowded about her as close sinking gradually away down the silent as they could. road. "Petite coquette!" Moutin chortled, Guillaume pushed his door open and rubbing his thin, worn old hands gleefully walked in. A warm little blaze flickered the while; “ef you no know dat dese t'ree and fluttered on the stone hearth, its light garçons here, Ah goin' mak' de bet you no showing up the colored prints and old- come for de l'huile!” fashioned pictures on the low walls. In “You say too mooch dose t’ings, Grand the center was a large one of Laurier. père," but Lucille's big brown eyes danced "Guille, c'est toi?” came a strange, thin with mischief, and she tossed her head voice from behind a partition. merrily. "Oui, Mamman, Ah goin' camp Seex “Why toi no come to-day cut de wood jus' queeck.” for me?" She took hold of Josèphe's coat. “Eet ver' col', hein, Guille?” "Lazee, hein? Bah, mauvais garçon!" “No so bad lak'las' night, Mamman." "No lazee 'tall, Lucille; onlee Guillaume “You comme back to-mor', je suppose!" an' Josèphe an’ moi, we mak' arrange for "Oui, Mamman, bon soi', chérie." no go cut wood, no do notting teel you say Bon soi', mon fils!” w'at mans we t'ree you goin' marrier, Guillaume went to his corner of the voilà!" sleeping attic, found his heavy mitts and “C'est vrai.” stockings, his coarse woolen muffler, and “Si, dat trrue!” the other two answered his sheepskin-lined capote; then he went together. softly down again. From a cupboard he Most of the group that had been in the got some meat and bread and stuffed it in store had gone home; those that remained, his great pockets. however, smothered their chucklings to “By Gar, eet plenty col’!” he whispered listen. to himself as he closed the door tightly The girl looked at the three big men in behind him. The dogs in the warm pretty defiance. thatched stable whimpered and whined "You t'ink you all somt'ing magnifique as he came among them. for to mak' sooch talk to moi! Bon, Ah "Nannette, Mouton, Pierrot, Vitesse;" goin' see w'at you do! Ca for you!” and he whistled softly. Like gray shadows she snapped her fingers in derision. the four rustled from their hay beds and "Par Dieu,” growled Raphael good- scampered out. Quickly he harnessed naturedly, making a grab for her. She them to the light sledge and sat himself was too quick, picking up the oil can, her comfortably on it. shawl, and darting out of the door, ap “Marche!” and away they went; out parently all in one motion. The three of the yard gate, flying down the silvery stared at one another. road and from that into the somberness "Sapristi! you, Guillaume, by Gar, you of the mute forest. On and on, now was de wan w'at say for do dees way weet across openings between the trees where la petite! Sacrée, eet no goin' worrk!” the snow shone cold and brilliant, now "Nev'min', garçons, ev't'ing be fus'- through tall, majestically silent groves of class by’m-by.” heavy Norway pine, then down to and Moutin climbed slowly on the sugar bar along the frozen river where the night rel to put out the lamp as he spoke. light was perfect. Foxes scuttled away "Bon soi', bon soi', Moutin,” and the before this thing that moved so fast and so three departed, leaving him to lock up quietly, and once as the whee-ing sledge with the ponderous key that scraped and passed under a gigantic fir, an owl, startled squeaked shrilly in its lock. from its watching, gave a muffled Hoo! and 226 The Outing Magazine sailed over his head to the darker shades Bouchard got some food for the four of the forest on the other bank. that stood panting from their fast pace, Traveling rapidly, the swift motion cre and while they ate he swallowed a steaming ated a drowsiness; try as he would his hot pan of tea and gulped down a handful eyelids would droop, and in this semi-con of bread and pork. scious state he imagined that he was talk “Readee!” he shouted. Five men care- ing to Lucille. fully brought the unfortunate Lawson to “You no marrie me?" he muttered the sledge. The man was as weak as a thickly, then a pause. child, and suffering great pain. His left “Ah loove you so mooch, petite, mak' leg was swathed in strips of cloth, blankets, nice home, ev't'ing for you.” Another anything that they could find in camp to pause, “Ah know Josèphe he loove you, stop the bleeding, but the red flow had an’ Raphael aussi, but moi, ha! Ah loove soaked through, and it turned black in the you lak' Laurier he loove le Canadaw!” freezing air. A long silence this time, then, "Fair play "Easy, boys, easy!” Lawson whispered for t'ree? Bon, Ah'm satisfy, but w'en as they laid him on a pile of bagging which you goin' décider?" A short hesitation Guillaume had fastened to the sledge. and he hurried on, his words clear and “Thanks, boys, you've been mighty good strong. “You say you goin' marrier de to me," the poor fellow called weakly as man dat have bessis' courage?” In an Bouchard seated himself on the little space instant he spoke again. "Ah oon'stan', he had left at the rear of the sledge for the petite, Ah goin' try!” purpose. Just then the sledge struck a branch that “That's O. K., Mike; good luck to ye, had been frozen; it lurched, rose on one son!” the whole crew shouted as they sped runner, then settled back with a crash. off. This thoroughly wakened Bouchard, and The dogs did their best, Guillaume urging he began to whistle jauntily. As the stars them on from time to time, but what with dimmed one by one and the air became the heavy load and the run they had just sharper and more biting, he guided the dogs finished, the pace was not as fast as before. off the river on to a wood road. Along The sun was up now, but its rays could this they dashed, cleverly avoiding the deep barely be felt; pale and sickly it looked, ruts made by the log sledges from day to peering out now and then from the heavy, day as they transported monster loads from soggy masses of snow clouds. They came to the cuttings to the river landings. the river again; the speed increased here. When the chill grays and blues of a “'Ow was dat you cut- winter dawn lightened the eastern horizon, Cra-a-ack! Sw-a-a-asssssh! The ice, thin Guillaume reached camp Six. The men here over swift water, had let them through, were just getting up, and the smoke from dogs, sledge and all! the cook fires rose straight into the air. Guillaume grabbed the wounded man by The foreman ran out. his capote collar; they both went under “Holy tickets, I'm glad ye've come!" for an instant, but luckily when the ice “W'at's mattaire?” Bouchard asked as broke it did so over a large circumference, he stood up slowly, stiff from the long so that when Bouchard came to the surface, ride. pulling Lawson after him, they had not “Mike Lawson damn near cut his leg been swept under the ice beyond by the off yesterday; he's purty near dead now, current. but if any one can save him you can, by "Oh, Dieu, oh, Dieu !” Guillaume shout- taking him as quick as God 'll let you with ed this again and again in his excite- your dogs; the horses couldn't get down ment and fear for Lawson. The latter had to the village now!” lost consciousness. By dint of crushing Guillaume stood still for a moment, then, the weak edges of the hole with his free the facts having thoroughly soaked into arm, Guillaume reached strong ice and his mind, “Bon,” he said, “Ah tak' heem, struggled out, dragging the other. He but dogs mus' have for eat!" stared at the senseless man. "Sure, man, sure; hurry up, by jiminy, "Oh, bon Dieu an' Laurier, w'at do, hurry up!” w'at do?" 1 One of Three 227 He felt the man's pulse; it was fairly advantage of Josèphe and Raphael's ab- strong. Ice was forming on both of them; sence to glorify himself. indeed, when Guillaume moved, even now, “W'en you are dress an’ warrm an' have his clothes crackled. eat, comme to de store, Ah have somt’ing “Eet two mile a half l’om here; Ah goin' for to say.” Lucille disappeared in the carry heem, par Dieu!” house. No sooner had he decided what to do With a feeling of an impending great than he did it. event Guillaume changed his clothes, had He got Lawson on his own powerful back a drink of "w'iskey blanc," a bite to eat, with the cut leg stuck forward through the then he rushed out, having scarcely told crook of his arm, and he started. his mother anything, though she clamored The violent exertion soon warmed him for information. through, but the other's clothes froze fast To his astonishment the store was crowd- to Guillaume's. He hurried frantically on, ed when he got there; every one in the the dogs, their harness dragging, following village was on hand, all in their best behind. In less than an hour he saw the clothes. He did not understand. village in the white distance and renewed “Aha, Guillaume, w'at Ah tell to you?” his efforts. Père Donvalle saw him com Old Moutin grinned. “Lucille she goin' ing, and men came out to help. Josèphe mak'choose maintenant!” The faces, the and Raphael were the first to reach him. kettles, the boots, everything danced for a “Dat too damn bad!” Josèphe said moment before Guillaume's eyes, but he as Guillaume, breathless, gasped out the gathered himself. story. Josèphe and Raphael came then and the "Tak' heem queeck to le Docteur, queeck three stood silently together. you can!” he begged, as the other two re A happy laugh, a little song, and Lucille lieved him of his heavy load. They stag- appeared; the three drew long breaths. gered off, Guillaume coming more slowly. “Dat Lawson, 'ow ees he?” she asked of As he drew nearer his eyes sought Lu Josèphe. The latter coughed, stuttered and cille's home; he looked, but somehow he looked at Raphael, who nodded solemnly. could not find it in its accustomed place. “De Docteur say he goin' get well, but He rubbed his face and searched again; dat eef Guillaume had no breeng heem so then he saw a few charred embers, that was fas', den-la mort!” all. A pang of agony went through his The crowd sighed in admiration. “Merci, my broddaire an' my frien?!” “Lucille, Lucille!” he cried aloud and Bouchard stammered. "No merci necessaire, dees ees fair play With tears in his eyes he came to the een honeur!” Raphael answered, and the house, and was dully looking at the re three drew themselves up proudly. mains when an adored voice called. The girl looked at each. “Pleas' go "Guillaume, grand bêbé!” He looked dere," she said, pointing to an open space up at the heavens first, and then saw by the counter. Then she was silent. Lucille coming from a neighbor's home. Men and women stood on cracker boxes, “Dieu and Laurier, merci!” bags of flour, anything that would lift "You' Mamman an' Grandmamman an’ them up, for was this not the engagement Adolphe?" He scarcely dared listen to of their favorite to one of three men that her answer. worshiped her, and for each of whom she “All sauf by Raphael an' Josèphe; dey had a warm corner in her heart? have du grrand courage!" "My frien's, Ah goin' marrie dees man!" His heart sank within him at her words, She ran lightly across and threw her arms and he suddenly realized that he was terri about one of the three. The group laughed bly cold; he turned away sadly, when she and shouted, cheering and crying out good spoke again. fortune and happiness. Then they all de- “Toi aussi, you have du grand courage!” parted silently, leaving the girl and her He came back swiftly, his arms half out choice, while the snowflakes drifted slowly stretched, then he remembered the arrange to earth and the church bell tolled the ment; no, he could not in honor take every fiber. ran on. vesper hour. GENERAL DANIEL MORGAN THE HERO OF COWPENS BY LYNN TEW SPRAGUE PAINTING BY STANLEY M. ARTHURS ous. HEN, in the spring which the nation he fought so valiantly to of 1755, Braddock create was to offer to the worthy. Few set out on the ill men of Morgan's time, in fact, rose from so starred expedi- humble a station to so eminent a place W tion against Fort in history. Almost nothing is known of Duquesne, there his childhood. His many biographers even marched with his differ as to where and when he was born. command four Three states, New Jersey, Pennsylvania young men who and Virginia, are assigned the honor. If were destined to the great general knew himself he never become generals in the War for Indepen saw fit to declare; in fact, his troubled boy- dence. Two of them, Gates and Clinton, hood and disgraceful youth were themes were Englishmen by birth, but were to take he avoided in his later years. But New different sides in the Revolutionary strife. Jersey and the winter of 1736 are the most The other two were to prove themselves probable place and time of his coming into entitled to a high place among the military the world. What is certain is that as a chiefs of the world. Had Braddock's Brit boy of seventeen he was a field hand in ish regulars possessed the hardihood, cour Jefferson County, Va.—a big, brawny lad, age and skill of one, they had never been strong as an ox, rough, unlettered and riot- ambushed and routed, and had their ob- But though he was a mere laborer stinate and vainglorious general listened in a day when and a place where work was to the wise counsel of the other, he would little honored, he was not like many of his have escaped disgrace and death. Both class, but a step above the slaves, mere these young men were Virginians and be human animals. He was known to be as longed to the Colonial contingent for whose brave as he was strong, and as honest as he prowess Braddock expressed so much con- was ignorant, and evidence of his fine but tempt; both were destined to play a con uncultured mind was shown on many oc- spicuous part in the great struggle for equal casions by his sterling good sense. He was rights, the seeds of which were being sown magnificently made a picture of manly even then; both were possessed of iron power, standing six feet two inches in his constitutions and almost giant statures, moccasins, and his face, when later it re- and in their respective persons represented ceived the light of finer feeling and new the extremes of social station in the Old aspiration, was strikingly frank and hand- Dominion. One was Col. George Wash some. ington, an aide on Braddock's staff, and Young Morgan saved his wages, bought a the other was Daniel Morgan, laborer and team and set up in business for himself. teamster with the baggage train. He became a freighter across the moun- Morgan's career was indeed rich in strik tains, a calling that required extraordinary ing and interesting contrasts, and a brilliant strength, resource and courage in those example of the success of the lowly and of wild ys. When the French and Indian those chances to win fame and fortune war broke out, he volunteered as a wagoner - 228 General Daniel Morgan 229 with Braddock's army, and though he was on his horse, and clutching the mane, put headstrong and a hard hitter with his fists, spurs to the animal with what strength the his love of fair play made him a favorite shock had left him. One fleet-footed In- with his fellows. He learned much on that dian, throwing away his gun, sprang to the disastrous expedition, and distinguished chase, tomahawk in hand. He expected himself in a humble way. It is related that to see Morgan tumble from his mount at once when his immediate superior was on every leap. Over the rough mountain the point of coming to blows with a no ground the Indian gained upon the horse torious bully, Morgan said quietly, "Cap and clutched its tail. He could not use his tain, you must not fight him; I reckon tomahawk, for all his strength was in his he'd whip you and disgrace our company. legs. For a half mile or more the despe- Order me to thrash him,” and accepting rate race continued, and then, human en- silence as consent, he gave the rough an durance proving unequal to the pace, the unmerciful drubbing. savage fell to the ground with a yell of But his love of hard hitting soon after rage. He sprang to his feet and threw got him into trouble. A supercilious Brit his tomahawk, but missed his aim. Mor- ish lieutenant insolently ordered Morgan to gan became unconscious, but his grip was some unpleasant service, and was knocked firmly set and never relaxed until his good flat by the brawny wagoner. For this horse had carried him to the fort. offense Morgan was sentenced to receive By the time Morgan was on his feet again five hundred lashes from the drummer of the border war was over, and, something of the company. He bore them with the a hero in the eyes of those who knew him, stoicism of an Indian, and said afterward he settled in Barrystown, Va., to lead for that by his own count he only got four a time a life somewhat disreputable. His hundred and ninety-nine. headlong energy now displayed itself with- When the battle came Morgan, as team out restraint or reason. His ever-ready ster, was not on the fighting line, but he was fists were in active play; he could drink one of the few who did not lose their head more whiskey than any man in the dis- in the panic of flight, and he stuck by his trict, and it is to be feared that he was team to the last. somewhat of a bully. His successful prize He had seen war now, and his belliger- fight with “Bill” Davis was a sporting ent spirit made him long to be a soldier. event in the district. Yet through all this Scarcely was he home from the calamitous wild life he is said to have betrayed no un- campaign than he joined the provincial derhanded meanness; his turbulent and dis- troops, and soon after his ready and im- orderly career was open and above board. petuous courage made him a scout and an He should be judged, too, by his oppor- ensign. His exploits in the wild and per- tunities and his time. It was a day of hard ilous border warfare against the Indians knocks and copious drinks. Few gentle- rivaled those of his illustrious contem men thought it decent to go to bed sober, porary, Putnam, in the north. Had we and the very clergymen of Episcopal Vir- space for them, a hundred hair-breadth es ginia raced their horses and took their port capes might be related. But greater deeds or madeira without stint. Morgan's riot- and a broader field were his. One of his ous existence might be ascribed by the last perilous adventures in this early strife partial to a mere exuberance of energy and may be told to show the mettle and en excessive animal spirits. He loved horses durance of the man. and dealt in them, and it is stated, Carrying dispatches between military ticed no deceit. But woe to the trader posts, he and two companions, when two who lied to him; a battered frame and miles distant from a fort, were once un bruised features attested the fraud. expectedly attacked by savages in am But withal Morgan was noted as the best bush. Both his companions were killed by shot, the most successful hunter and the the first fire and Morgan was severely hit. hardest rider of his district, and a clergy- A rifle ball entered the back of his neck, man who respected his manly side ven- tore away two back teeth of his lower jaw tured to reason with him. But the jolly and pierced his left cheek. Morgan, as bruiser had no time to listen. ever, was well mounted. He fell forward Then on a sudden there came a great prac- 230 The Outing Magazine change. The song that was old when Vir- ginia's hills were new sang in his big, rough heart, and the fierce spirit that the muscles of his fellow rioters could not break, nor religion tame, was subdued by a pair of soft brown eyes. She was the daughter of a well-to-do farmer, and is described as a gentle, frail creature, bright and well educated, with religious leanings, who felt an affectionate desire to reclaim her hero. They were married, and Morgan bought a few acres and gave his energies to stock and crops. The farm prospered. Under his wife's tui- tion Morgan read and studied and his fine mind expanded. He became an ornament to the neighboring town for which his pre- vious brawls had won the name of “Bat- tletown." But though he was a changed, studious and sober man, he was neither very meek nor very lowly. In the first weeks of his new life he felt called upon to thrash any of his old companions who derided his conversion. As the years went by and Morgan pros- pered he became deeply interested in pub- lic affairs. He had felt British insolence as a teamster with Braddock and he was patriotic to the core. When the news of Concord and Lexington came, the love of conflict awoke again within him and he was for war and independence. After Bun- ker Hill he volunteered, and such was now his reputation that he received a captain's commission, and in less than a week had raised his company and started north. Better men never fought than those who marched with Morgan -- hardy, fearless, big-framed Virginians--all crack shots with their long-barreled rifles, they formed the nucleus of Morgan's Brigade of riflemen, afterward so famous. Their hardihood and endurance seem marvelous in these days. It was six hundred miles to Wash- ington's headquarters at Cambridge, Mass.; yet, marching much of the way through a wilderness, they reported for service in twenty-one days. It chanced that Wash- ington himself witnessed the end of their march and rode out to meet these men of his native state. Captain Morgan drew up his company to receive the chief, and saluting said, simply, “General, from the right bank of the Potomac.” Washington dismounted without a word and took every man's hand in his. But when Boston was invested by the Americans there was little active fighting. Morgan's indomitable spirit, however, soon found difficulties upon which to expend itself. He was ordered to join that brilliant but perfidious soldier, Benedict Arnold, in the disastrous expedition against Quebec. Arnold was in chief command, and Mor- gan led the advance guard. The horrors of that march have often been told. The expedition had started in early Septem- ber, 1775, but, marching through an un- explored and trackless wilderness, they encountered a thousand unforeseen obsta- cles, and winter was upon them before they reached the St. Lawrence. The com- mand was terribly wasted. The men wal- lowed in deep, half-frozen swamps and bogs; they were forced to make almost impossible portages and perilous crossings over swol- len, icy streams; their provisions were ex- hausted, and they ate dogs and candles, and boiled their very footgear for nourish- ment. Of the eleven hundred men who set out, less than six hundred were drawn up before Quebec. But the temper of both leaders was undaunted. The fiery Morgan was even for immediate assault, but Ar- nold thought himself too weak to attack the fortified town. He, however, offered battle to the Governor, who prudently declined. He then drew off to await the arrival of the forces under Montgomery, which, having driven Clinton from Mon- treal, were marching north. On the fifth day of December the united armies, now three thousand strong, were before Que- bec. But the garrison had now also been strengthened by the arrival of Clinton's army and other reinforcements. Never- theless, the assault was gallantly and bril- liantly made on the night of December 30th. While feints were executed at sev- eral points to divide and distract the gar- rison, Arnold led one assaulting column and Montgomery another. But both lead- ers fell—the able and fearless Montgomery to rise no more. The chief command of Arnold's division now devolved on Morgan. That hero with ladders scaled the barri- cade with his riflemen. He was the first to mount, and as his head appeared above the fortification, a discharge of musketry carried away his hat and tore hair from his scalp. The shock brought him to the ground. But on the instant he was up - 1 * General Daniel Morgan 231 British army. again and over the wall with his men, outnumbered as he was, he succeeded in driving the enemy before him into the nar maneuvering General Howe out of New row streets of the city-all the while en Jersey, and that state never again held a couraging his riflemen “with a voice louder than the northeast gale." Morgan held his In the midst of the evolutions of the position in the town for hours, fighting armies, Morgan, impatient of restraint and madly, waiting to be reinforced by Arnold's panting for action, suddenly hurled his reserves and hoping for good news of the rifles upon the rear guard of Cornwallis's other attacking column. But no aid came, division at Piscataway, and drove it in and Morgan, outnumbered and surrounded, upon the main body with fearful execution tried to cut his way back. His men were to the enemy. Attacked in turn in force, divided. Many were killed; many surren he held his position with wonderful skill dered. Morgan himself placed his back and tenacity. Then, fronted with a force against a wall, sword in hand, and declined double his number under the commander- to be taken alive. But a generous enemy re in-chief himself, he still kept the British fused to shoot so brave a leader. His own at bay, and would not be dislodged until captive soldiers now pleaded with him not the foe was reinforced by heavy artillery madly to sacrifice his life. Perceiving a and Morgan's position rendered untenable chaplain near, Morgan cried out to know by a storm of grape. This little action if he were a clergyman. Being told that won for Morgan the admiration of Wash- he was, the undaunted hero said, “Then, ington, and henceforth he was known to sir, 1 give my sword to you; but no foe shall troops and officers as “Gallant Dannie ever take it from me.” Morgan.” Though the American army continued to But General Burgoyne, in the certain ex- invest the city for months, Arnold being pectation of dividing the Colonies by the superseded and reinforcements sent, noth- plan so confidently elaborated by the Brit- ing was accomplished. All chance of the ish war office, was now on the march south conquest of Canada ended with the capture from Canada with the best troops England of Morgan. That gallant Virginian was could muster and equip. Morgan was or- held prisoner for nearly a year. His frank dered to reinforce the American general, and winning personality, his great courage Gates. His fighting qualities were by this and proved capacity won the friendship of time rated so high that his force was at the British officers. Efforts were made to once placed with the advance guard and seduce his loyalty from the Colonies. He he held command of Arnold's right wing. was even offered the rank of colonel in Early in September, 1777, the American the British army, but he repelled the offer army, advantageously posted, was at Be- with scorn. mis Heights near the Stillwater River, and At length, in September, 1776, his ex a few miles south of Saratoga, N. Y. It change was effected. It is said that when was necessary for Burgoyne to dislodge it he first landed on American soil he threw or make a long detour on his southward himself flat upon his face and cried, “Oh, march, leaving an enemy in force in his my country!" rear. On the 17th of September, 1777, the His reputation as a soldier was now very two armies were almost in touch; on the high, and receiving a commission as colonel, 18th skirmishing told each that serious at the suggestion of Washington he was work was at hand. On the morning of the intrusted with the congenial task of in 19th Burgoyne moved forward in three creasing what was left of his old company columns, that under General Frazier being to a regiment of rifles. At the head of the first to strike the American army. It these frontier fighters and expert marks came in contact with Morgan's regiment. men, he joined Washington at Morristown Soon the battle became general. in April, 1777. The commanders of the No action of the war was more to the contending armies were then each waiting credit of the American army. Raw levies for the other to attack. There was much of militia fought with a steadiness and marching and counter-marching for posi valor that inflicted terrible loss on the tion, and Washington at the time was veteran English troops. But it was a bat- much blamed for his Fabian tactics. But, tle of regiments, almost of man against 232 The Outing Magazine man. Gates, the commander-in-chief, was Elated by a victory which others had made never once on the field. No officer did such inevitable, the vainglorious Gates dreamed effective work that day as Morgan. Again of supplanting Washington, and sought to and again he led his rifles to the charge. enlist the sympathies of Morgan. With His horse was shot under him and twice he indignation that hero replied, “Sir, I, for narrowly escaped death. But his mighty one, will never serve under any chief but voice was ever heard above the roar of bat Washington.” tle, encouraging his men in the thickest of After the surrender of Burgoyne Morgan the fight. The action was technically a returned to the army in Pennsylvania and drawn battle, but in effect it was a victory for some months served with credit, yet for the Americans. with no opportunity to win new distinction. For eighteen days the armies now But years of constant and terrible strain, faced each other, during which time the exertion and exposure, his youthful ex- strength of the Americans grew and Bur cesses and perhaps the sting of neglect after goyne's condition became serious. His brilliant service, had begun to undermine retreat was cut off and provisions ran his iron constitution. He soon retired in low. On the 7th of October he precipi- ill health to the wife and home he so ten- tated the final battle, known in American derly loved, in Virginia, and was there history as the “Second Battle of Still- when Gates assumed command of the water,” and by the British called the “Bat- Southern army. When Morgan's health tle of Saratoga.” Morgan was again the was partially restored he was directed to most conspicuous figure on the field. With report to Gates. This he was at first re- Arnold, who was a mere volunteer and luctant to do, but when he learned of the without official command on that day, he defeat and the disgrace of that general and led the desperate charge on the extreme of the British outrages that followed it, right that broke the enemy and threw his patriotism flamed anew and he hastened them into confusion. Here in fact Ameri to join the army. The humiliated gen- can independence was won, for the success eral now received the valiant soldier with of the Americans won the assistance of marked cordiality and honor, and assigned France. to him a separate command; and when One graphic incident of this fight is Greene superseded Gates he confirmed worth notice: Morgan's rifles again faced Morgan's appointment. In the meantime the troops of General Frazier, and noticing Morgan, chiefly through the efforts of the in the height of the battle that gallant sagacious Jefferson, had been made by Con- officer inspiring his men by example and gress a brigadier-general of Continental by word, Morgan pointed him out to his troops. old company of expert marksmen, saying: It was the mere sorrowful wreck of an "Men, that is General Frazier. I honor army that fell to the command of Greene. him; he is a gallant soldier. But the good Demoralized and miserably equipped as of your country requires that he should they were, the able general at once be- die.” Almost with the words the British gan the work of reorganizing the men for general fell, a little later to die with the the great work they afterward achieved. dramatic exclamation, “Oh, thrice-damned Greene fixed his headquarters in a fruit- ambition!” ful valley in South Carolina, while Mor- With the victory of the Americans, Bur gan with his command, the most effective goyne's position became utterly desperate, of the troops as a decoy for Cornwallis, and ten days later he surrendered. moved into the wasted country between “During the resistance to Burgoyne," the Black and Catawba rivers. Here he wrote the ablest student of these battles, suppressed the Tory risings and restored or- "Daniel Morgan, from the time of his trans der. Tarleton, the ablest and most savage fer to the Northern army, never gave other and successful of Cornwallis's brutal lieu- than the wisest counsel, and stood first for tenants, was at once in motion to destroy conduct, effective leadership and unsur Morgan. Tarleton had with him twelve passable courage on the field of battle; hundred men, the best of the British force, yet Gates did not mention him for promo nearly a quarter of Cornwallis's army. He tion.” The reason was not far to seek. was superior to Morgan in numbers by 1 Athur Painting by Stanley M. Arthurs. Through the wilderness to Quebec, 1776— Morgan's men in the race - - General Daniel Morgan 233 The Peale portrait of General Daniel Morgan, hanging in the Independence Hall, Philadelphia. about one-third, and had no misgivings he posted his men and inspirited them could he succeed in bringing Morgan to with his own high fearlessness. On the battle. And that general, burning with in- highest eminence he posted his Maryland dignation at British atrocities, greatly out- regulars and veteran Virginia riflemen. He numbered though he was, meant to fight. placed in front his militia to meet the first He had under his command little more onset, giving them orders to retire behind than eight hundred men; but he knew his veterans when they were no longer their mettle and their faith in him. He able to hold their ground. He threw still chose his ground with consummate skill, farther forward a band of sharpshooters and awaited the British with the confidence as skirmishers. In reserve he held Colonel of a brave and able general. On a slope of Washington's famous cavalry of but one natural terraces on wooded ground, near hundred and twenty men. a large corral known as “The Cow-Pens,” At daylight on the 17th of January, ! The Outing Magazine 234 sixth year. 1781. Tarleton was in touch with Morgan's consulted by Washington and by Adams, skirmishers, and the sharpshooters terribly and there he died July 6, 1802, in his sixty- worried his advance guard. But the over- confident British commander lost no time. "Every man would be a coward if he He at once formed his men for battle, and durst,” said the dissolute but valiant Earl with his accustomed dash and impetuos- of Rochester; and Marshal Ney, when ity hurled them upon Morgan's position. felicitated upon a never-failing fearless- They were met by a galling fire from the ness, replied, “ Know, sir, that none but a militia, who, falling back, re-formed and poltroon boasts of never being afraid.” fired again with a precision and rapidity So Morgan confessed to feeling a strong that checked the advance, and then fell dread of death every time he entered battle. back upon the second line. When the Brit But once the fight was on, once cannon ish struck the line formed of veterans they roared or saber flashed, his only thought were held steadily, and Tarleton ordered was victory. up his reserves. Then Morgan ordered Morgan had qualities that entitled him a general advance and at the same time to be compared with the greatest military threw Washington's cavalry on the right leaders of history: he had all the dash of flank of the foe. By this movement the Murat; he was as resourceful as Condé; British were thrown into confusion, and like Marlborough, “his faculties were quick- the accurate fire of the Virginians soon ened by the approach of danger.” His put them to rout. British regulars threw passions were strong, but he early learned away their guns and cried for quarter. to control them. “He could glow with The pursuit lasted for miles. All the Brit anger, but was never mastered by it.” ish baggage and more than half of the Bancroft says of him that at the time British command fell into the hands of the he assumed command under Greene, and Americans. It was perhaps the most bril- fought and won the battle of Cowpens, “he liant victory of the whole war. was the ablest commander of light troops But with this great success Morgan's in the world; and in no European army services were ended. Knowing Cornwallis of that day were there troops like those he to be close at hand with the whole British trained.” army he fell back upon Greene, and a few The American struggle was not only, days later was so prostrated by the ill was not chiefly, a struggle for national health that the anxiety and exertion of autonomy; it was first of all a battle for his campaign had brought upon him that, the rights of the masses; for opportunity to the great sorrow of his chief and the and privilege of the individual. Morgan's whole army, he was compelled to retire life strangely exemplifies all that was won again. Twice after he attempted to take by the Revolution. He was a peasant in the field. He joined La Fayette with his the colony of a monarchy, and he became riflemen, but was too ill to take part in the a great leader and a moral force in a great siege of Yorktown. Again, after the war, republic. He was a swaggering bully and more by his presence than by any active an ignorant rustic, and he became an ac- service, he helped to quell the Whiskey Re- complished general and an honored gen- bellion in Pennsylvania. Elected to Con tleman. History is but a synthesis of gress by his district in 1795, he was com biography, and one rises from the study pelled by ill health to relinquish his seat of the Revolutionary period with the con- after two sessions of that body. He lived viction that, as man and soldier, Daniel at Manchester, Va., in the last years of his Morgan was one of the brightest figures quiet, studious life. There he was often of that time. - 3 V Het HY S Wateron "I'm a regular frump, fat, hysterical and stupid." THE RESTORATION OF HELEN BY ADÈLE MARIE SHAW "C" LIFFORD, come back a minute.” control. The grief they uttered was cer- “What is it, Helen? I'm late tainly real. But their abandonment was for the train already." too nerveless to excite the sympathy they The woman's voice was tearful; the craved. The woman's plump figure shook man's patient with the kind of patience and quivered in a kind of spineless misery. that means impatience with difficulty con The man had returned and stood with one trolled. arm around the crying woman; he had not "I can't bear to have you go like this.” dropped his bag. The tearful voice caught in a sob. "Helen,” he said, “what is the use of all "Like what, Helen? You know I must this? I must have my mind clear for the go; it's as much for your sake as mine.” next few days-everything depends on it. I “I know-1- Once you would have must be alone. You aren't yourself or you'd taken me with you!" see it—there's the whistle. Kiss me; 1 The sobs came without any attempt at must hurry. Yes, yes, I'll write. Good-bye.” 235 236 The Outing Magazine The man pressed his lips to the wet face she would still be a “personable" woman. and swung himself swiftly down the path, She was conscious only that her features breaking into a run as the sound of the had lost their distinction in the encroach- train approaching the Hillcrest station ing flabbiness of her cheeks, that her shirt grew louder. To Clifford Macy the world waist showed sidewise wrinkles over her too was a good place; he could not understand matronly flesh. why his wife found it increasingly doleful. In the hour that followed, the contrast If he was glad to get away he did not own that stayed before her eyes was not the girl it even to his own thoughts, but life was and the woman, but the woman listless and offering a great deal to the man whose wife aging and a man young, fine, vigorous, was becoming less and less a part of his hurrying for his train and not looking back. happiness. He was successful and growing How could any one ever have called her more successful. Among the men who met "bright"? She knew what people were him in business, at the clubs, in the reun saying now—“Such a pity that that bril- ions of old friends, he was a central figure, liant Clifford Macy had married a dull eagerly welcomed. His vigorous, attrac wife!” Was Clifford contented with a tive personality gripped attention, and companionship that rose no higher than those who met him casually often sought food? He had been all his old self with occasion to know him better. the woman artist from London; they had Helen watched his well-set-up figure out had more to say than she and he had had in of sight, and turned away aggrieved that he a year. had not looked back to wave his hand. To have risked his train would have been “Hello!-Why, Budd!” worse than foolish; but once he would not "Mercy-Tom, is that you!” have reasoned, he would have made some The voice was boyish and hearty. It sign. And Mrs. Durfee was at the window galvanized the limp figure on the couch of the next house! Helen Macy waved a into instant life. debonair greeting from her own window, “You, boy! I thought you were in Scot- and then mounted the stairs slowly to the land.” room where Clifford had dressed in ab “Scotland's off. Bates got the molly- sorbed silence, without an apparent qualm grubs, so we slid over the landscape to at the separation that might last for weeks. Glasgow and here I am. Thought I'd sur- What she had said was true. Once there prise you first, then go up to the ranch to would have been no separation. How see Dad." proud Cliff had been the first time he had “There isn't a soul up there, Tom. Fa- taken her to Chicago, and his friends had ther's on his way West this minute with a fêted her and flattered her and swept her 'scheme. You've missed your letters- off her feet on a wave of admiring good "Bless the old vagabond; I hope the will. And that was only five years ago! 'scheme' isn't expensive"-Tom interrupt- She stopped before the glass and looked ed her after the first hug and outpour at herself with the unsparing thoroughness –“What's the matter, Budd? Anything that would make even beauty mean. On happened?” the dresser lay a leather case; Clifford in “Nothing's happened only Clifford's his hurry had forgotten it. That seemed gone away. Helen pulled herself to- the final straw; it was her picture. He had gether. She was jealous of the appearance never forgotten it before. She opened the of happiness. “Don't I look pleased to see case. The girl inside gazed up at her with little brother'?” the surprise of an apparition. Could she, "Little brother" grinned; he expanded Helen Macy, have been that clear-eyed his big frame in a sigh of amused relief. girl, beautiful, hopeful, happy? Then who "You didn't when I hove in sight! Aren't was this, the woman in the glass? She saw you fat-cricky! Budd, this won't do; herself in exaggerated caricature. “Fat makes you look like an old woman.” and frumpy,” she groaned, “and blear “That's the trouble," answered his sis- eyed and hideous.” In the exaggeration ter promptly. “I'm a regular frump, fat, of her disgust, as in the exaggeration of her hysterical and stupid.” She mopped her woe, she forgot that, animated and active, eyes and laughed. This brotherly frank- The Restoration of Helen 237 9 ness was good. Clifford's evasions and “This vacation. I know I can, but everlasting, “You're a mighty good-looking you'd have to mind. You never were woman, Helen, and you know it,” had been much on being bossed and that's the long less satisfactory than the truth. suit of training." Tom was regarding her briskly with the “Oh, I'd be docile as a lamb—I'd let eye of an athlete known and honored in his you 'boss' me into imbecility if I believed” own school. All that day, as they ate, -Helen shook her head with complete drove and walked, his gaze came back to skepticism. her, puzzled and ruminative. "We begin to-night. What's your weight, "Cliff ought to know better than to let net?” Tom took out a note-book and un- you run down like this,” he opined wrath capped a fountain-pen. fully. Helen laughed. She had laughed often "Clifford hasn't let me run down. I'm since Tom had appeared; the cheerful con- getting old,” she began. fidence of his exuberant youngness refreshed "Some one's to blame. You were such a her amazingly. He was troubled by no jolly girl" problems of lost romance. "It's not Clifford,” she answered sharp “I haven't dared to be weighed for ages," ly, and Tom was silent. she confided, and was surprised to find it “I know what it is. You're all out of more funny than tragic. training.” He lounged in Clifford's leather “Got a machine?” chair after dinner and contemplated the “Clifford has. But you needn't be get- ceiling through his own smoke. “No ting up in that business-like way. I would- body'd ever call you Budd now!" n't exercise to-night if you'd make me a “Why did they-'ever'?” Helen pulled living skeleton in ten minutes.” Helen set- the chocolates nearer and munched while tled deeper in her chair. she talked. “Thank Heaven, I can still “Anything the matter with your heart? eat,” she quoted whimsically. Some old Drop beats or anything? Give me your spirit seemed renewed by Tom's coming. wrist.” Tom was serious. “Your pulse It was good to see the boy. is fast and fussy because you're all out of “Why did they call you Budd? After a condition. That's nerves. Shock had it jockey who could ride like a streak. Wasn't before the Exeter game once. Come on, it you who ran away on Spitfire before you Budd. Let me weigh you anyway. Expect could walk?” anybody to-night?” "I could certainly walk at six, and that No; Helen expected no one. When Clif- was when I stole Spitfire. You weren't ford was out of town visitors were fewer; born. I can see the Landons now, gaping she had grown too listless to entertain; if on their porch as I whizzed by." Helen they thought her stupid she wouldn't un- smiled, comforted to remember that once deceive them. But Tom! Tom, puzzled she had had spirit enough. not to find her the center of everything, “You won't whizz anywhere if you sit Tom, certain that a bit of “training” would and eat candy all the evening. I'm going restore to girlhood the sister he remem- to put you in training. You've no more bered as so "jolly”—Tom was irresistible. life than a jelly-fish. See here, Nell, I'll "Climb on here, Fatty,” he commanded, make a bargain with you”—Tom stood up. adjusting the scales. “I'm beyond bargains, Tommy," inter “Take off one of those hundreds. I rupted his sister. The smile faded into the don't weigh all that!” Helen winced and accustomed listlessness. “I've tried walk laughed both at once, as the platform sank ing and not walking, and eating and not under her feet. eating, and sleeping and not sleeping. I've “You're just five feet four or a bit less" gone without everything I like and I've -Tom fixed her with an accusing eye- massaged my chin "for 1 measured you two years ago when “Rot!” said Tommy. "You've done too Amy said she was taller. You ought to many things and not stuck to any. I can weigh — not over a hundred and thirty, reduce your weight twenty-five pounds and and, Helen Jackson Macy, you weigh this put on muscle for that fat—" minute a hundred and sixty-four, and no "In ten years?" good muscle anywhere. You'll have to 238 The Outing Magazine work. It 'll be a pull at first, you're so narrow circumference of Tom's room, out dopy with all that fat.” of the door, down the hall, up another The boy looked so solemnly anxious that flight, down the back stairs, across, around the laugh conquered the shudder; Helen and up and down again, before Car’line dis- chuckled. “What do you do all day, covered them, and Helen, beholding the Budd?" he asked wondering. two images in a glass, cried out in protest- “Do? Sometimes I market a little, but ing mirth: generally I telephone the provision men; “Do stop, Tom, till I get my breath. I they're very reliable. And I make beds simply cannot stay up on my toes; my and dust and fuss about. There's plenty heels will get down in spite of me; and I to do." can't clasp anything more than the tip “Of course," broke in Tom. “But what ends of my fingers behind my neck; and I else?” don't keep my head straight up, I know I “Sometimes I go to the doctor.” don't. And it pulls on my back-it feels “What for?” like hot irons!” Helen looked from the Because I don't sleep very well." mirror to Tom. “You may laugh," she “Sleep, is it! Wait till we get to work said. “I am a figure of fun." and you'll sleep fast enough. You can't Tom was to be beguiled by no blandish- afford to waste a minute, old lady-my, ments of mirth. “If it hurts, that shows but you're fat!" you need it,” he announced. “And you're “And I shall still be fat after I've waved doing well. You keep it up, twice a day, my arms about and pranced all you want and as long as you can stand it every time. me to," retorted Helen. She expected "I wobble frightfully. What's the neither sleep nor happiness from the boy's use prescription. A few pounds more or less “Yours not to reason why,” replied the could not restore the charm of life, but she instructor. “Come, get the rest. You promised all Tom asked. If some discom can watch me and do 'em afterward in your fort to herself could make his vacation pleasanter it was a small price to pay. And Helen watched. The boy was going Heaven knew there was enough disappoint to let her off with no lady-like wavings and ment in the world, and the boy was so bendings; she began to feel a sort of con- eager! fidence in the result. Certainly the things Prepared and docile she presented her he was doing were easy to remember, self at the hour when Hillcrest was wont to though she could not find it in her heart to make ready for bed. The center of Tom's forget how ridiculous a sober matron en- room had been cleared for action, the gaged in such exercise would seem to the furniture retreated against the walls in eyes of Car’line. horrified withdrawal. Tom himself, steam "I told Mrs. Bartley-Hume about these up like an enthusiastic engine, was fairly when she came to school to see Dick, and panting to get under way. she wrote Dick she'd tried 'em and lost five “Hi,” he called, as he heard her step in pounds already.” Tom was flat on his the hall, “now we're off.” back, his arms folded on his chest, and as But it appeared they were not off at all. he talked he sat up and sank, and sat up Helen's costume was hopelessly wrong. again without lifting his heels from the The compromise finally effected between ground. "Now, Nell, if you can't do that, what she considered “respectable” and you're to tell me at once, and the rest of what Tom knew to be absolutely necessary 'em any one can do. It's persevering that took time. So it was that “Car’line, counts. See. This is the best. Feet to- maid of all work and faithful adorer of gether, then lift 'em straight up till you "young miss,” departing to her early slum make a right angle from your hips, you bers, met in the transit of the upper hall know. And don't let your knees bend, two who marched like German soldiers at and keep your toes straight. Slow and drill, each with hands clasped behind the steady, up and down. I'm going to make head. a schedule for you.” "Bress de Lor'!" ejaculated Car'line. Helen peered over his shoulder as he The two had been round and round the wrote. room.” The Restoration of Helen 239 “Daily, twice, night and morning. promise to Tom. Mornings when it rained “1. Feet up: a, both together (5 times); and the wind was east she first cowered in b, each separately (5 times); c, alternately her warm bed, then left it with a sense together, one going up while the other of virtue. She sent short and business- goes down (5 times). 2. Sit up: a, arms at like notes to Clifford, and sent them with side; b, arms folded on chest: twice each. the hope that their cheerful impersonality 3. Prance, hands behind head-long steps.” would atone a little for previous overflows “You know that,” interpolated the sched- of emotion. As the days went on a new ule maker. “Now four is thus." Tom buoyancy of outlook quickened her interest wrote, “4. Hump and slump (5 times),” in the affairs of others and she added to the and dropped to all fours. Kicking off his notes chronicle or comment, and Clifford's slippers and suspending his weight from answers showed that the comments found hands and toes, he lifted and sank the bulk him receptive. But she added no love between them with the ease of the mus phrases, even when he asked, “Are you not cular. well? Your letters sound as if you were “All that, twice a day! I shall be dead, keeping something from me." There was Tommy. Surely a fat sister is better than no use in reiterating, “I love you," and "I no sister at all." Helen took the schedule miss you,” she thought with a pang, to a gingerly between thumb and finger and man who knows it already and finds it as held it aloft with a grimace. little exciting as the daily air. She was Tom beamed with large assurance. “You really more unhappy than before Tom promised,” he said. “You were never a came, for she saw herself more clearly. quitter, Budd.” How had she let herself drop out of things? When had she lost her interest in books, Trustworthy she was, but it took a week in people? Once she had had interest and of more heroic persistence than Tom ever to spare for everything, from a town elec- knew to get the flaccid muscles of Helen's tion and the Thursday club to the newest once slender frame to perform the initial salad and the latest star. labors and accomplish the “5 times” with Clifford had found her vivid enough when out an omission night or morning. Even they were first married. Had she had more then, Number Two was not a success. to give, then? Dimly it came to her that “I can just get my head off the floor like in shutting herself up with two absorp- a turtle,” she complained, “and I don't tions, Clifford and a house, she had cut sleep so much better after all.” off springs that once had flowed into the “Hi, there; no more sugar," interrupted stream of existence to give it surface spar- Tom across the breakfast table. "Can't kle or greater depth. “His life makes him you stick to cereal or chop, not both, sort grow,” she said to herself. “He is using of string it out and make it seem enough?” every power he has all the time.” And Tom began anxiously and ended with a she might have grown; Clifford would grin. “Don't your Uncle Dudley do it never have played the tyrant. He had well?” he inquired complacently. never demanded a complex living. He Car'line certainly viewed askance the liked simple ways. He had none of the schedule pinned to Helen's wall, though it vanity that desires to “show off” in table is doubtful if she ever spelled out more than or entertainment. Her time had been Number One. much her own. “Scand’lous!” she was heard to mutter. As the days of Tom's vacation went on “They's crazy, both of 'em.” And when the self-knowledge that had been so much Tom paused in the morning to call through pain grew more hopeful. There was in- Helen's door, “Want me to hold your an creasing pleasure in the added ease with kles for the sit-up?” and Helen answered, which she could take her exercises. The “No, thanks, I put them under the dresser," plainness of the diet Tom begged for as a she snorted, listening below stairs. preparation for a campaign of "standing A sort of pleasure there was for Helen, high jumps" had become second nature. long bound in the tightening circle of her She even took every morning a cold splash unspoken worry, in compelling her relaxed and dash-not quite a cold plunge-with will to assert itself in the keeping of the extraordinary gusto. 240 The Outing Magazine Car'line's scandalization had grown to She answered a bit absently the girl's positive shame since her “young miss” had polite interpolations meant to include her joined Tom on his improvised running track in their cheery nonsense, and a flush rose in the vacant lot behind the house, but the to her cheeks as she returned the letter shame had been modified by the accession to her bag. Three days! Saying it over to of Mrs. Durfee and Wilhelmina Van Arsdal herself she glanced up at the clock as if to to the ranks of the runners. What people measure the hours, and her glance descend- who could be in their comfortable beds ing fell on Clifford himself. He stood bag wanted of hard work before breakfast in hand just as she had seen him last, but “passed” poor Car’line completely. his eyes, seeking a vacant spot, fell on a One morning, as the four came laughing picture very different from the one he had to the back porch, Helen caught through left at his own door. The two young peo- the open window a glimpse of herself in the ple, still chattering, had not discovered him. mirror it was Car’line's foible to keep nailed The light in Helen's eyes and the deepening above the kitchen sink. The glimpse set flush in her cheeks only Clifford saw. The her pulses beating all that day to a more blank weariness of his look changed all at cheerful tune. The glow of better health, once to a gaze that only Helen could in- of greater vigor of spirit, looked back at terpret. her from the glass. That night she joined “I believe I was homesick,” was all the Tom in the gymnasium he had constructed explanation he gave of his early return, in the store-room, and let him laugh himself and the telegram Helen found on the tray into a cramp while she wrestled with his at home said simply: “Reach New York punching-bag. She felt “fit” and ready Monday morning; home for dinner. Clif- for frolic. ford.” Of exercise indoors or out no word went to Clifford. Any allusion so intimate At night in the quiet of their own room struck a note she was trying to avoid. she asked and told no more. Even when The more life returned to her the more she Clifford turned to her as she came toward missed him; good times seemed queerly him, a sober contentment in her eyes and incomplete without Clifford. And good no thought to spare for the trimness of the times there were. Tom must not be left figure that moved to meet her in the glass, to the sole society of a sister when Hillcrest she answered his self-reproachful "Tom abounded in young people worth knowing. has taken better care of you than I did," With the renewal of her circulation and the only with a look. But in the look all the lightness consequent on the loss of twenty things she could not trust herself to say pounds of needless flesh, Helen's “dopi- spoke with an eloquence words would have ness” gave way, and eager to “make the destroyed. While he smoked and recount- boy enjoy himself,” she rallied the willing ed the ups and downs of the business youth whose very names she had half for- struggle that had kept him chained to gotten, and invented so great a variety of vexations he had never anticipated, his simple and joyous entertainment that she eyes followed her, and when she settled could turn no corner without encounter beside him in her low rocker, he pulled ing a friend. absently at the cord that roped her gown. Swiftly and naturally connections with “Helen,” he asked suddenly, “are you the life outside her own doors renewed glad to see me?” themselves, and after weeks that had not Helen leaned forward, her hands gripped dragged in spite of Clifford's absence Helen tight on his nervous fingers. “If you live and Tom and Miss Van Arsdal went to a thousand years you will never know how town to buy Chinese lanterns for an out glad,” she said. *Clifford—” She broke of-door supper, and lunched together at an off; her hardly won restraint had a strength old-fashioned restaurant where she had that was new. been more than once with Clifford. While He slipped to his knees and held her the boy and girl chattered Helen reread tightly, jealously close. “I am glad-to Clifford's letter that she had captured from get back to you,” he said below his breath, the postman on the way to the train. In and dwelt upon the words as one who three days he would be at home. speaks of more than miles. -- 1 DILLON WALLACE WINS AFTER TRAVERSING A THOUSAND MILES OF UNKNOWN COUNTRY, HE IS HOMEWARD BOUND W E have just had word from Dillon points as a dernier ressort if things came to Wallace (probably the last we the worst, and whoever strayed from the will receive till we welcome him main party carried with him a compass in person), and our many fears and anxie and rifle. ties are at rest. Not only did he carry When Wallace and his companion ar- out what he had intended to do with rare rived at the Hudson's Bay Post at the patience and pluck, but with a success be mouth of the George River, they imme- yond our expectations. diately set about preparing for the second This undertaking could be divided into and most hazardous half of their under- two parts: part one, the canoe journey up taking--the six hundred mile sled-journey the Nascaupee River to Lake Michikamau, down the northeast coast of Labrador to and thence down the George River to Red Bay, near the extreme point. This Ungava Bay; part two, the trip by dog had never before been accomplished, be- sled down the Labrador coast to Red Bay. cause the succession of deep harbors, bays The first half was the scheme of the late and inlets cutting in from the seas were Leonidas Hubbard, Jr.; but where that thought to make the trip almost impos- ambitious explorer met untold hardshipssible. and finally death, and the whole party es That it was not impossible is proved by caped annihilation only by the tardy hand the following telegram which we have just of luck, Wallace brought all his dearly received: won experience to his aid with brilliant Red Bay, LABRADOR, success. He encountered all, and more, March 28, 1906. of the hardships that usually befall the MR. CASPAR Whitney, THE OUTING MAGAZINE: man who journeys to the fringes of the Left Fort Chimo January third, arrived earth-bitter cold, starvation, insect pests, Red Bay to-day; all well, good journey. etc.; his frail canoe was wrecked in a Traveling here bad. Dogs scarce and ex- pensive. Question whether can reach Es- heavy rapid and most of his outfit lost kimis Point, five hundred miles farther, in when it was so cold that there was skim time for Quebec steamer due April fifteenth. ice along the shores; but every difficulty I think best await whaler, Battle Harbor, May fifth. only served to drive him forward with DILLON WALLACE. more determined will. The party in the beginning consisted of (A later cable from Wallace informs us four men besides himself-Easton, Rich that he was able to obtain dogs for the ards, Stanton and Pete; but the forma long and lonely journey to Eskimis Point, tion was broken when they reached Lake and will return by this overland route. Michikamau, the head waters of the Nas A trip in the unknown Labrador occu- caupee, and Wallace and Easton pushed pying a year, covering a thousand miles, on alone while the others returned on their and made with canoes and dog-sleds must tracks. Throughout thoroughness marked be filled with interest and red-blooded every move; fish and game were added to adventure, and as soon as Dillon Wallace the regular "grub” supply at every op returns to civilization his thrilling narra- portunity; food was cached at important tive will be put before our readers. 241 THE WEASEL AND HIS VICTIMS AGAIN BY JOHN BURROUGHS MORI TORE light is thrown upon the question had come, and there crouched down, shiver- which I discussed in the February ing with apparent fear. Mr. Kerr was at number of this magazine by the letters first at a loss to know what had disturbed I have recently received from unknown the rat, but in a little while noticed a correspondents, one from Kansas and one weasel coming along the cellar floor and on from Alaska. The incidents given agree the track of the rat. The weasel came so well with my own observations that much more slowly than the rat had come, I have no doubt about their truth. The as it had to follow the trail entirely by Skagueay correspondent writes: “The man scent. Mr. Kerr was standing near the ners in which the slim and aggressive rat all this time and watching it. As the weasel catches the rabbit may be many, weasel drew near the stairway, the rat be- but on two occasions I saw the deed done. gan to scream again. By this time the The first time I was driving across a field weasel saw Mr. Kerr. It stopped for a of wheat stubble in the west of England, moment and eyed him intently, and then, and hearing the scream of a rabbit, I looked as if in contempt of him, passed on and about for the cause, and saw a weasel chas rushed upon the rat with a ferocity and ing one with leaps and bounds somewhat indifference almost incredible for so small like the movements of a snake, but more an animal. The rat simply cowered and rapid. The rabbit finally stopped, appar screamed and made no resistance whatever. ently from fear, and the weasel caught it The weasel seized the rat around the neck and had killed it before I got near them, with its forepaws and fastened its teeth in When I reached them, I jumped out and the rat's throat in a mere instant of time, picked up the rabbit with the weasel still and the struggle was over before it could holding fast, but I finally shook it off and be said to have fairly begun. it hid itself in a thorn hedge near by. Hav "That an animal so combative as the rat, ing no use for the rabbit, I dropped it on and especially one so large as the one in the ground and drove on a bit, when I the present instance (for it was, if any. stopped and looked back, curious to see thing, heavier than the weasel) should yield what would happen. The weasel, feeling without a struggle, Mr. Kerr says, filled safe and no doubt hungry, returned to its him with astonishment, as did also the fact kill and dragged it into the long grasses and that the rat, though having a free field and plants of the hedgerow. abundance of time to fly out of the cellar, "Another time, while musing and anon or to seek refuge elsewhere in the many holes casting a fly over the placid waters of a in the walls of the cellar, failed to do so. favorite trout stream in the same locality, He says he scarcely could have credited I was startled by a rabbit jumping into the the transaction had it been related to him pool and swimming to the other side, and by others and not seen by himself, and he followed in a moment or so by a weasel, who regards it as one of the strangest and most also took to the water, being so close that he unexpected experiences of his life, and he evidently saw the rabbit. They both dis has been a man of much experience and appeared in the vegetation beyond, but affairs." hearing the rabbit's plaintive cry shortly Very recently in my own neighborhood, after was evidence to me that another two hunters well known to me were in the tragedy had been enacted.” woods when they saw what they at first My Kansas correspondent, a lawyer, tells took to be two red squirrels chasing each me of an incident related to him by an old other around the bole of a tree. On coming Pennsylvania friend, a man of prominence nearer, they saw that there was but one red and absolutely reliable. This time the squirrel, and that it was being hotly chased weasel was pursuing a rat. While stand by a weasel. The squirrel was nearly tired ing in a large cellar under a stone work, he out and must soon have fallen a victim to heard a rat scream with the most evident its arch enemy had not the hunters shot the fear and distress. “Looking in the direction weasel. Why the squirrel did not lead off of the noise, he saw a very large store rat through the tree tops, where the weasel running rapidly along the cellar floor and could not have followed him, is another in- up the stairway; the rat went to the outer stance of the mystery that envelops this edge, so as to look back over the track it question. 11 - -- 242 MAKING THE COUNTRY HOME RECEIPTS FOR FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES-GARDEN HINTS-CARE OF THE LAWN BY EBEN E. REXFORD THE regular spraying of fruit-producing Prepare the sulphate as follows: Weigh out the amount carefully, as proper pro- practiced by all up-to-date growers to-day, portions must be observed in order to pro- and the man who grows fruit, even in small duce best results. Put in a coarse sack- quantities, cannot afford to shut his eyes one of burlap will answer all purposes--and to the benefits which result from the prac suspend it in its tank, into which should tice. The expense is small, the benefit be put one gallon of water to each pound great. Quite often the entire crop will of sulphate. Let it remain until dissolved. depend on what is done along this line, Stir well before putting in its diluting tank. and the quality always. For bacteria and Strain off the two solutions into their re- fungi have become so prevalent that no spective tanks, and add water enough to man's orchard or garden can escape their make the quantity in each equal 25 gallons attacks. for each 4 pounds of lime and sulphate- Experienced fruit-growers advise spray or 50 gallons in both, when the two solu- ing once before bloom, ten days after bloom tions are combined. Stir thoroughly. and again ten days later, with a fourth The solutions are now ready to be put spraying in about two weeks; other spray into the mixing tank. They should be ings at intervals, as may seem advisable. strained again when this is done, as a small În spraying before bloom, go over the quantity of sediment will cause a world of plants so thoroughly that not a portion of trouble when you come to make use of the them escapes. This is important. But do sprayer. Stir until a thorough union of not confine the application to the plants. the lime and sulphate solutions is secured. Spray the posts which support them, and Paris green is much used in combination the soil about them. Bacteria are not con with Bordeaux infixture, generally in the fined to the plants by any means. proportion of 1 pound to 20 gallons of water, There are several spraying mixtures in the object being to “kill two birds with one use among fruit-growers, but most of them stone"-in other words, insects and fun- pin their faith to Bordeaux mixture. goid diseases, for which one application of This, from years of trial and many experi the combined remedies answers the purpose ments, they consider safer than any other, of two when they are used separately. cheaper and quite as effective. Here is a condensed guide for spraying Standard Bordeaux mixture consists of which the amateur fruit-grower will do well 4 pounds copper sulphate and 4 pounds to make a memorandum of: fresh lime, diluted with 50 gallons of water. For scab, codlin moth and bud moth, Here are directions for preparing it, as on apple trees: Bordeaux mixture and furnished me by one of our most successful Paris green, in proportions given above, fruit-growers: at intervals as advised. Prepare two vessels—one for the lime, For cabbage-worm, use Paris green alone and one for the sulphate--and have them when the worm first appears. For leaf- so elevated that the liquid can be drawn off. blight, rot and mildew, Bordeaux mixture from the bottom of them, through a valve. as soon as indications of either disease are Prepare two other tanks into which to empty seen. Repeat as seems necessary. the liquid for dilution, and a larger tank to For plums, grapes and kindred fruit: contain the two elements, when ready for Bordeaux mixture before bloom, after mixing: bloom and at intervals thereafter, as ad- Weigh out the 4 pounds of lime accu vised above, if the trouble continues. rately, and put it into its tank, and cover For potatoes: Bordeaux mixture and with water in the proportion of i gallon to Paris green in combination. This will de- each 2 pounds of lime. Stir frequently, to stroy the potato bug, and prevent blight. prevent its burning, while slaking. When The easy and effective application of thoroughly slaked, draw off the liquid, fungicides and insecticides depends largely passing it through a fine strainer. Be very on the sprayer you use. Get one that vill particular in doing this, as a poorly strained throw a good stream, when needed, to a mixture will clog the sprayer and cause height of fifteen or twenty feet. Have sev- no end of annoyance. eral nozzles, graduated from a stream to 243 244 The Outing Magazine a fine spray. For small places, where spray- ing is contined to small fruit and vegetables, there is an automatic sprayer which oper- ates by air-pressure. All you have to do is to give a few strokes of the plunger, after putting your mixture into the tank. This forces in air enough to force the mixture out in spray or stream, as you may elect, without any labor on your part. It con- tinues to operate until the pressure runs down, after which you will have to recharge the machine. It will be well to look to the shade trees early in the season. The gypsy moth, which infested maples in many parts of the country late last fall, may have left eggs which escaped the application of insecticide advised at that time. I would advise going over these trees this month with the follow- ing preparation, which I have found better than anything else I have ever tried: Melt a pound of Ivory soap and mix with it, while quite warm, one pint of kerosene. Agitate until complete union takes place. The mixture can then be added to twelve quarts of water. An emulsion will readily be formed by the operation of the sprayer. Spray, the trees thoroughly among their branches, but scrub their trunks, using for this part of the work a stiff-bristled scrub- bing-brush, with handle inserted in side in- stead of top. This will enable you to get the emulsion well in among the bark, where eggs may have been deposited. If insects appear, repeat the application. În fighting tree enemies, not much can be accomplished in town or village where residences are close together, unless all property owners work in union with each other. If A and C will do nothing to rout the pest, B's efforts will count for little. Here is where community interests should prompt each lot owner to co-operate heart- ily with his neighbor. the thumb and finger of the right hand. In this way you can do the work expedi- tiously, easily and well. After the plants are in place, water them well. Then draw some dry earth over the wet soil to retard evaporation. If the next day should be a warm, sun- shiny one, shade may be needed for the newly set plants. I make a “shader" that answers all purposes admirably in this way: I cut circular pieces from stiff brown paper, about ten inches across. From these pieces I cut out about a quarter, in a wedge-shaped piece, letting the point of the wedge extend to the center of the paper. Then I bring the paper together, so that the sides from which the wedge was taken overlap each other about an inch, and in and out through this lap. I run a small stick or a wire. This holds the paper together, while the lower end of the stick or wire—which should extend five or six : inches below the paper-can be thrust into the soil on the sunward side of the plant in such a manner that it will hold the little “umbrella" just where you want it to stay, far enough above the soil to admit of a free circulation of air about the plant beneath. Never make use of pots, pans or boxes in shading plants, as the heat from the sun strikes through them, and is retained about the poor plant in such a way that it suffers more than it would if exposed to the sun, with a free circulation of air about it. Begin weeding as soon as weeds appear. It is much easier to keep them down than it is to get rid of them after they have had a month or two to grow in. Use the cultivator freely. Stir the soil often and it will not dry out readily. The farmer cultivates his corn oftener in a dry spell than in a damp season, because he knows that keeping the soil open enables it to absorb whatever moisture happens to be in the air, while a soil that is crusted over is unable to do anything. The same principle applies to the garden. GARDEN HINTS 3 LAWN HINTS 1 In removing plants from the cold-frame and putting them out in the garden beds, choose a damp, cloudy day for the work if possible. In case no days of this kind happen along when you are ready for trans- planting, do the work after sundown. Before taking the plants to be put into the ground from the cold-frame, go over the beds where they are to be set with a stick having an end that tapers to a point, and make holes to receive them. These holes should be as deep as the roots of the plants are long. Then lift your plants from the frame, taking care to disturb their roots as little as possible. Spread them out evenly on a pan or board, so that each one can be separated from its neighbor with very little trouble. Never handle the roots if you can help it. Take the plant in the left hand, holding it lightly by its top, and drop the roots into the hole made for it. Pinch the soil together about them with Rake the dead leaves from the lawn as soon as you can get on to it without leaving a foot-mark in the damp soil. Do this carefully, to avoid tearing the sward, which is easily injured at this season. Apply a good fertilizer. Use it liberally, in order to secure a rich, velvety sward. That is something you cannot have unless you use good food, and plenty of it. I would advise a commercial fertilizer, as barnyard manure will bring in weeds, and they are the last things one cares to in- troduce to his lawn. There will be enough of these in spite of all your efforts to pre- vent them from coming to keep you busy in trying to get rid of them. Dandelions should be cut off below the crown, with a thin-bladed knife or a pointed hoe. Simply clipping their tops will do no good what- How to Harness, Saddle and Bridle Your Horse 245 ever. Plantain, so far as my experience goes, cannot be eradicated from any lawn. It is there to stay. But it can be kept down by close mowing. A lawn without weeds calls for the services of a gardener who can devote his entire time to it. Most of us cannot afford this expense, but we can have pretty lawns, even though there are some weeds in them, if we keep the grass growing luxuriantly, and give them the regular attention they demand, in the way of mowing and raking. Every owner of a lawn, no matter how small it may be, should provide himself with a lawn mower of the very best kind. It is a mistake to think that any kind of a mower “will do.” Of course it will do if it has to, but the quality of work done with it will be most unsatisfactory. Get a machine that has blades enough to clip the grass smoothly and evenly, and that runs with little friction. The ball-bearing mowers of to-day run so easily that a five- year-old can operate them. Such a mower will make but little noise, and the good work it will do will make the mowing of the lawn a pleasure. Keep it well oiled. This makes it run easy, enables it to do the best of work, and prolongs the life of the machine indefinitely. Keep the knives sharp: You can haggle off the grass with a dull mower, but it will look as if gnawed off—rough, uneven and unsightly. But a mower whose knives cut sharply and smoothly will leave the sward looking like velvet. Some persons advise raking after each mowing. I do not, because the clippings drop down into the grass and form a mulch which I consider of great benefit. They also help to fertilize the soil. The lawn that is not mowed often enough will not look well, after you have been over it with the mower, because there was growth enough to partially hide the sward upon which it falls. This will wither and turn brown in a day or two and greatly detract from the beauty of the lawn. But if you keep your lawn well mowed—and that means going over it at least three times a week in ordinary seasons—the amount clipped off at each mowing will be so slight that there will not be enough of it to show. Do not set the knives so low that they shave the soil. This practice will soon spoil a lawn, as it interferes with the crown of the grass plants. It clips away the blades of grass which spring from the sur- face, and destroys all that part of the plant upon which we must depend for color and soft, plush-like effect. Let the blades be set high enough to leave at least two inches of the foliage. A correspondent writes to ask if there is not some application which will kill weeds in the lawn. She has been told that there is. I suppose there are a good many things that will do this, but I know of nothing that will kill the weeds without injuring the grass about them. It stands to reason that what will kill one plant would be quite likely to kill another. The only way to get rid of a weed is to pull it up, cut it off so that it will not sprout again, or apply something to it, individually, that will pre- vent it from developing. Do not be de- ceived by any advertiser who claims to have something that has a special affinity for weeds, and will not injure the sward around them, if sown broadcast. HOW TO HARNESS, SADDLE AND BRIDLE YOUR HORSE BY F. M. WARE WE nurses thandsomets tanapaastefully single ber ihopairs , tet cth and Wehicles arrange owe it to ourselves to caparison our even more should we concern ourselves with the careful fit and comfortable plac- ing of the equipments thus provided-as well from the selfish reasons of economy and utility, as from the nobler sentiments of humanity. No man, woman or child should allow themselves (or be permitted) to use horses unless thoroughly familiar with all the operations of harnessing, sad- dling, etc., including perfect knowledge of how to fit and to put on the harness or the saddle and bridle; how to put all har- ness together properly; the value and re- lation of every strap and buckle; how to coupling-reins, traces, etc., etc., in order to get the best working results. There is no harness made that can com- pare with the American trotting man's road harness. It adorns and never dis- guises. It is practical to the limit, with- out one superfluous buckle or strap, is easy everywhere; its bits are as varied in effect as they are comfortable and com- mon-sense; its blinkers, pads, etc., light, slight and airy; its improvement, at any point, is impossible. Just why we prefer the unnecessarily heavy English-patterned harness, vehicles, 246 The Outing Magazine etc., is hard to explain. However, we do prefer them, and therefore scant consider- ation can be given to our native fash- ions, and fad again scores over fitness and utility. The single harness (this is written for novices, of course) consists of the bridle, in- cluding crown-piece, blinkers, brow-band, nose-band, check and bit, throat-lash, curb-bit (of two or three styles only) and chain; the collar (or the Dutch or breast collar); the pad with its accompanying back-band, tugs, girth, belly-band, back- strap, crupper, breeching or kicking strap; the hames with its traces, and two hames- straps, or a strap at top, and a kidney- link or chain atº bottom, and its breast plate. These must all be kept soft and pliant, and the whole harness must be apa propriate in size and make for the horse, and for the carriage to which he is put. To begin with the bridle: Never jam one on a horse's head and then by varied jerks and tugs let it out here and there until it fits. Much better have it too big than too small. Taking the bridle by the top with the right hand, seize the left side of the bits in your left; slide the bridle up over the nose, and as your left hand comes to the mouth-angle, slip your thumb gently inside, and press lightly on the bar of the jaw; his mouth will at once open, the bits slip easily into place, your right hand hitches the head stall over the right ear, and your left helps the left ear under and straightens the forelock. Spring the blink- ers a trifle if they set too close. bridle so that the bit hangs properly, (about an inch above the tushes); buckle your throat-lash and nose-band, both of which are unbuckled until now, twist flat the curb-chain, and take it up, rather loosely (so that say three fingers will slip between it and the chin). The nose-band goes inside the check-rein; and this check-rein should be adjusted as to length the last thing before putting-to, and left loose rath- er than tight, until exercise has warmed the neck muscles. Notice especially that the brow-band is not so short as to draw the crown-piece uncomfortably close to the horse's ears; or so long as to let the bri- dle work back on the crest. Buckle the throat-lash loosely, leaving room for three or more fingers to pass freely. See that the check-pieces set close to the cheeks, and that the mouth-angles and lips are not wrinkled and crushed in against the teeth, as is the case when the bridle is too short or the bit narrow. Be certain that the bits are not too wide nor too narrow. The English-pattern harness is deficient in va- riety of bits, since (if we exclude the four- ring snaffle, and bits with ports, etc.) all mouth-pieces are nearly of the same shape. Many horses drive most unpleasantly in these bits, but are delightful when wearing our native, easy and intelligible arrange- ments. The standing-martingale is a mere orna- ment as generally applied, and no horse that needs it is suitable for a gentleman's pleasure-driving The collar must fit, and every horse should have his own (and indeed his own bridle as well). It must fit snugly, be thick and broad where the draft comes, smooth over the top, and rather straight than bent. Our average horse has not the best of slanting shoulders, and the bent collars are likely to chafe them on top of the neck. An occasional horse will be so large of head that his collar must open at the top, when it is confined by a strap and buckle. The hames should always be taken off the collar, and that article sprung over the knee before putting on. To put on, turn upside down, stand before the horse, and slip it gently over his head, stopping if it jams anywhere, and again springing it until it goes easily; turn it (with the mane) on the neck behind the ears, and slide into place. The hames are usually replaced be- fore turning, and tightly fastened. Place the pad quietly over the back, step behind, seize the tail, carefully gathering all the hair in the left hand, and with the right slip the crupper over it, and snugly up to the top of the dock; retaining the back-strap in the right hand to keep the crupper in place, step up to the pad and lift it into place, just back of the swell of the withers, and where it will girth about five inches behind the elbows. Be sure that the back-strap lies loosely along the back, and never leave it tight to draw the crupper sharply under the tail. More bad kicking scrapes arise from this oversight than from all other causes put together. See that the pad is well stuffed and sets clear of the backbone, and draw the girth fairly tight. Since this harness is often used without breeching, there is a custom of drawing the belly-band or shaft girth mercilessly tight, and much suffering is caused from this cruel and useless practice. The length of your tugs, of your traces, etc., will depend upon the vehicle you are to use, and your horse's appropriate dis- tance from his work. To put on the double harness one pro- ceeds in the same way, and should know instinctively which is the near and which the off "side" or set, and how the one differs from the other-matters which two minutes' study of the articles hanging on their pegs will clearly show him. Mono- grams or other devices are usual, nowa- days, on both sides of blinkers, pads, etc. The inside traces are generally a half hole shorter than the other, or (better) the space is made up by the inside roller bolts on the vehicle being larger; the kidney- link rings work inside the respective breast plates; the direct reins lead to the outside of each horse's mouth, and the coupling- reins cross over on to the respective insides of the bites. Capable "putting together" Fit your How to Harness, Saddle and Bridle Your Horse 247 of horses is quite an art, and is effected by judicious combinations of the effects of bits, coupling-reins, traces and pole-straps. Bits should be large and smooth of mouth- piece, as well as properly fitted, and as light and comfortable as may be. Hardly any horse needs the reins in the middle bar, and none, fit to drive at all, in the lower. The cheek answers for many; then the half-cheek with a slack chain; then the half-cheek with a tighter-to-tight chain; then the slack-chain, with the nose-band taken up tight (this should always have plenty of holes close together, for it is not meant for an ornament only, but for a very important part of the practical bridle); then the tight chain and band; then the twisted chain and band; then the same varying arrangements with the reins in the middle bar. Interspersed with each one of these changes is the raising or lowering of the bit, by means of shortening or length- ening the cheek-pieces of the bridle, until just the right spot is found--and, by the way, take five minutes and study that marvelous arrangement of paper-skin and barely covered and quivering nerves, which covers the inside of your horse's lower jaw, and never forget what agony you are in- flicting if you roughly handle that most delicately sensitive member. No puller was ever born—we have made them all, more shame to us. The various arrange- ments of ports, etc., on curb-bits are hide- ously cruel. A thick mouth-piece well covered with cloth rubber or soft leather has reformed more "pullers" than all the contraptions ever invented, and the whole secret is in making the animal ordinarily comfortable. The riding saddle should be roomy every: where, and especially so in the panels if you are a heavy man, that your weight may be well distributed. The throat should not be so narrow as to cause pain, or so broad as to wabble about. Plain flaps are most comfortable and workmanlike, and if knee-rolls are used, and in addition the seat has a deep dip or depression, the article is restricted to men of a certain length of thigh; whereas with the plain flap and nearly flat seat a boy or a full- grown man is equally well seated. There is no saddle to be preferred to the best English shape, and aïl military saddles are approaching its lines. A felt pad or saddle- cloth should always be used, cut to closely fit the saddle outline. This will prevent all bruises or chafes; will be washed, beaten and sunned as a saddle lining rarely is, and if two or three duplicates are kept, one is always sure that his horse is comfort- ably caparisoned, with a dry and soft pad bearing evenly everywhere. The stirrups should always be open, wide and heavy, that they may not hang to the foot in case of a fall. Woolen girths are softest and most easily washed and dried. The saddle will set more steadily, and remain where it should with the girths quite loose, if the girth-points are replaced, one as far forward and one as far back as possible. When girthing the horse cross these girths, the rear one on to the forward point, the other to the rear point, and they will thus bind on each other under the horse's chest, and give a very firm placing, besides re- moving the girth buckles from directly under the thigh. For every reason (save the conventional) very long girth-points and very short girths are preferable, as thus they may be buckled without raising the saddle flap at all; and in the same way. stirrup-leathers may be single instead of double to greatly enhanced comfort, work- ing on a loop over the stirrup-bar. Simi- larly the best way to hang any stirrup is under the saddle fiap, not over it as is usu- ally done, thus getting rid of the uncom- fortable feel of it under the knee. True, one may be dragged if thrown, because the stirrup thus cannot come off the D, but then how often does it ever do that any- how, except when you particularly do not wish it? The closer you can get to your horse the more "sticky” your seat. A properly fitting saddle will work into its place without girthing, and this is about three inches further back than the average groom puts it. It should always be placed well forward of the proper spot, and slid back into position. If you want to learn just where that is, walk the horse about fifteen steps before girthing, and tighten your girths when he has put it where it be- longs. Always leave your girths so that the fingers slip easily between them and the ribs, and see that the girths are no- where near the elbows, which they will chafe badly if they touch. A man's sad- dle never needs tight girthing if it fits. Be careful that the padding is plentiful, thus avoiding possibly permanent blemishes. Always remove the saddle at once when the horse comes in and plentifully bathe the back with cold water where the saddle rests, following, if you can, by an alcohol shampoo. Both of these applications close the pores at once, and prevent all blistering. If you are of the many who think that a saddle should be left on until the back is dry, do not loosen the girths, but tighten them severely to thus compen- sate by pressure for the removal of your own weight. A lady's saddle should always have a "balance strap” on the off side to keep it straight, or what is far better, the stirrup- strap should continue round the horse and buckle where the balance strap hangs, from the off side of the cantle. Thus, as the lady puts her weight (as in trotting) on the stirrup the saddle receives a pull each time on the off-side, which keeps it straight. Such saddles should always be used with felt pads if the back is to endure. If these pads are girthed on separately with a thin surcingle, they remain station- 248 The Outing Magazine ary, and the saddle, if it shifts, turns on you slip off the halter the reins afford con- the pad, and not on the back. The off trol of him. Put on the bridle as described side padding under the pommel needs con in harnessing, always gently opening the stant watching. A level seat is far the jaws by inserting the thumb of the left best, as it suits equally a very small or a hand in the angle; clear the ears, draw very large person, while a dipped seat very the foretop smoothly over the brow-band; sharply defines the size of the person who buckle the throat-lash very loosely — it can use it. should hang down several inches from the While a lady's horse must be tightly throat (in fact it is quite a useless ap- girthed, care must be used that this does pendage to any bridle). The bridoon not proceed to extremes, or discomfort will should lie snugly in the mouth corners cause the animal to lose all elasticity of without touching the lip angles; the curb motion, and probably to finally lie down rests about an inch above the tushes (or a very common result. After one has been where they should be mares do not have riding for a half hour or so all girths will them). The curb-chain lies flat in the need taking up, and many accidents will chin groove, and should be large; no horse be saved if all equestrians will always take should ever be led with this fastened; with this precaution. Girths should also be many it is best to cover it with chamois- tested after the rider has been mounted skin. The chain always goes outside of for a few minutes, as horses learn the trick the snaffle, and when linked so that a slight of swelling themselves out. Some old pressure on the reins affects the jaw it is, rogues need to have their heads held very for the average horse, about right. Always high when being girthed, to prevent their err upon the side of slackness if you would getting the muscular brace which enables get on comfortably with your mount. them thus to distend themselves. The position of the two bits, the length Two bits only are useful in riding—the of chain and the tightness of the nose- curb and the bridoon (or snaffle). The band will vary with every horse, and with curb-bit alone is practically useless; the the same horse very frequently, depending snaffle alone, in some one of its vary upon his mood. Very often in the same ing combinations, will suit and hold any ride an animal may be made over, as it were, horse, but will not serve to keep him as by slight changes in the bitting arrange- light in hand as the curb and bridoon (or ments. The nose-band for the average "full bridle'') does. Snaffles come large mouth need never be tight, and a hole or and small, jointed or plain, smooth or two greatly increases the severity of the rough, twisted, chain, leather or rubber bitting, from the fact that the horse can- covered, and combine with martingales, not open his mouth to escape it. There- nose-bands, running reins and other ar fore, in the hands of the novice, a nose ringements into dozens of varied appli- band is a rather dangerous article. Per- ances. All saddle horses should be ridden sonally, the writer always hangs the bri- in the "full bridle,” and any martingale or doon lower than the average equestrian other contrivance is an evidence of bad does, and finds that he gets better results. manners, and that the animal is not bal Trainers raise and lower the curb bit con- anced. The nose-band should always stantly, but never touch the snaffle (or work on its own head-stall, which is called bridoon). a “cavesson nose-band”; is meant for use, The more simple the means we use with not ornament, and should therefore hang the horse the quicker we educate him, and much lower than it generally does, and be the more willingly he serves us. Make full of holes, close together, that its cir him comfortable in every way; We under- cumference may be altered by fractions of rate the various forms of the snaffle bit an inch. The head-stall should be light most unwisely, and as it is the simplest and plainly finished; the reins thin and and easiest, so it is the most practically very pliant; the bits large in the mouth valuable, especially for the average eques- pieces and just the right width; the curb trian, who is not and does not care to take with a slight port, and about three inches the trouble to become a highly finished in its lower branch, and one and a half to rider. The trouble with the books, etc., two inches in its upper; the bridoon with on equestrianism is that they shoot away not the usual small rings, but with extra over the heads of the tyro, bewilder him, branches to which the head-stall buckles and mask the acquirement of a very simple and which keep the bit in place, as the or accomplishment, for that is the curious dinary rings do not; the chain-hooks flat. thing about all horsemanship—the sim- To put on the bridle, pass the reins over plicity of it, and the strange obtuseness the head, and leave them just behind the which for so long prevents us from recog- ears, so that if the horse pulls away when nizing the fact. ROD AND AND GUN THE FOREST RESERVES AS breed of cattle in captivity. The national government has embarked in the enter- BREEDING PLACES prise of restoring a small herd of these ani- mals in the Yellowstone National Park, FOR WILD LIFE but in that severe climate and high alti- tude the increase is slow. In view of the BY JOHN F. LACEY * success of the Indians in preserving and multiplying the herd upon the Flathead "HE preservation and propagation of Reservation, there is much reason for en- game have in most countries met with couragement as to the Yellowstone herd, much hostility among the people. The because the climate and elevation are laws have been stringent and severe, and ncarly the same. On the Flathead Reser- their enforcement has been harsh and un vation there are three hundred and forty- popular. The Norman conquerors of Eng two buffaloes, about equally divided be- land destroyed many fine farms to plant tween the sexes. This number remains the New Forest for the royal pleasure. after the sale of a considerable number to From the time when William Shakespeare Howard Eaton a few years ago. was prosecuted for poaching, down to the The buffalo should be preserved and re- present day, game laws have met with de newed in the forest reserves. The num- termined opposition. Harriet Martineau's ber remaining are but few. Fortunately spirited attacks upon these laws in England the little flocks in captivity are widely aided in bringing her voluminous writ scattered, so that no unexpected epidemic ings into popularity. She struck a popular can suddenly complete their extermination. chord with the general public. The Austin Corbin herd at Meriden, N. Those laws in the old world were enacted H., now numbers one hundred and fifty- for the comfort of a privileged class, and it four fine animals, one-half of which are was hardly to be expected that the poor males. The new herd in the Yellowstone would obey, without complaint, laws which Park was started a few years ago with protected the wild creatures from the fowl eighteen cows from the Flathead herd, ing pieces and snares of the poor, in order and three bulls from the Goodnight herd in that there might be sport for the nobility. Texas. Three calves have since been cap- But in America no such invidious dis tured from the wild herd in the mountains, tinction exists, and the preservation of our and the total number now is forty-three. birds and game becomes a matter of gen They are inclosed in a large field near the eral interest to all, to rich and poor alike. Mammoth Hot Springs, and form one of The whole continent was once a vast the most interesting spectacles in the park. park filled with wild life in forest, moun The wild buffaloes in the park at the time tain and plain, whilst the air was alive of its reservation numbered about four with the feathered flocks. The preservation hundred. The poachers and hide hunters of these creatures was long neglected, be pursued them remorselessly until tardily cause their innumerable multitude seemed enacted laws put an end to the nefarious to make it impossible that they should ever traffic. Concealed in the most unfre- be exterminated. quented part of the park, the calves ex- With the disappearance of the wild posed to wolves and mountain lions, the pigeon and the buffalo, and the reduc number has steadily declined. Six were tion of many other species to the point found dead in the deep snow last spring, indicating the near approach of extermi and only about twenty remain alive. nation, the conscience of the people has The Flathead herd in Montana, when become quickened on this subject, and a divided and partly sold a few years ago, sympathetic public has begun to view this had increased to nearly three hundred. question in an entirely different light. Sen. They were the progeny of about thirty- timent and utility have joined hands. five calves saved by the Indians at the time As to many of our birds and beasts, the of the final general slaughter, when the hide problem now is how to prevent complete hunters were engaged in their deadly work. extinction. Of the countless millions of It was a profitable business venture, for the wild pigeons that once darkened the air animals are now worth two hundred and and enlivened the woods, only a few hun fifty dollars and upward a piece. dred at most seem to be alive, and even Hon. James Philip (best known among their existence is a subject of controversy. his friends as “Scotty" Philip) has a herd, There are enough buffaloes still remaining near Ft. Pierre, S. D., which has increased to prevent complete extermination, and from seven calves to one hundred and eigh- probably ultimately to supply a very useful teen. They are in a climate and locality admirably adapted to the buffalo, among * The Hon. John F. Lacey, M. C. from Iowa, is fa- ther of the bill which bears his name and has done so the bluffs of the upper Missouri River. much in the cause of game protection. --The Editor. These animals are magnificent specimens of 249 250 The Outing Magazine At the pure plains breed.* The Goodnight At the regular session of Congress in 1901, herd' in Texas now number forty-four. President Roosevelt, in his annual mes- I wish in this article to present what ap sage, called the attention of Congress to pears to me a practical means of partially this subject in the following statement: undoing the work of devastation which has "The increase in deer, elk and other animals in gone so near the point of complete extermi the Yellowstone Park shows what may be expected nation. when other mountain forests are properly protected The destruction of our forests has been by law and properly guarded. Some of these areas have been so denuded of surface vegetation by over- going on at so great a rate as to alarm the grazing that the ground-breeding birds, including public mind and prepare the people to ac grouse and quail, and many mammals, including cept some remedy. deer, have been exterminated or driven away. The interests of irrigation and naviga- the same time the water-storing capacity of the sur- face has been decreased or destroyed, thus promot- tion have called attention to the necessity ing floods in time of rain and diminishing the flow of streams between rains. of preserving the sources of our water "Some at least of the forest reserves should afford courses by retaining or restoring the for perpetual protection to the native fauna and flora, ests from which they flow. safe havens of refuge to our rapidly diminishing wild Fortunately many millions of acres of animals of the larger kinds, and free camping grounds for the ever-increasing numbers of men and women wooded lands are still held by the national who have learned to find rest, health and recrea- government, and about 85,000,000 acres of tion in the splendid forests and flower-clad meadows these lands have been set apart in eighty- of our mountains. three permanent national forest reserves. Bills have been introduced to carry out The primary purpose of these reservations this humane suggestion, but up to the is to conserve the streams and provide present time only one of them has been means of irrigation, and also, in some de enacted into law; but the more the ques- gree, to influence the rainfall. They are tion is considered, the more favorably the well scattered in the far West, and are gener proposition is being viewed in the localities ally upon land which is of little value for to be the most immediately affected and agricultural uses. benefited. The choice is plain. Some They are reserved for the use of man and must be protected or all will be destroyed. not reserved from his use. The ripened The Wichita Forest Reserve of 56,000 trees will be cut as they may be needed. acres, in Oklahoma, has been made a game There has been much local opposition to preserve with the hearty approval of the many of these reservations, but time and people of that proposed state, and the observation have greatly changed the local millions of people who will soon inhabit sentiment. The experimental stage has that great commonwealth will enjoy the passed and they can therefore be accepted benefits of that wise measure of protection. as an established fact, and the question If the proposed bill should become a law, naturally arises as to what extent they may the small band of elk in the Olympic Forest be utilized for the preservation of the re Reserve in the State of Washington could mains of our birds, fish, and game and be be saved from menaced extermination. * used as sources of propagation and supply. Deer have become quite plentiful in the At least a portion of these lands should be woods and mountains of Vermont, and an so used. The writer of this article has for overflow has migrated into Massachusetts many years endeavored to secure legisla and Connecticut, and they have even tion to this end. Wyoming has shown her reached the shores of Long Island Sound. sympathy with the movement by declaring Such results in an old settled country a permanently closed season in that part like Vermont show what could be done by of the forest reserves adjacent to the Yel a fair degree of protection in our national lowstone National Park. forest reserves. If some plan of this kind is not adopted, In the state of Vermont the writer has there will soon be very few game birds been informed by Senator Redfield Proctor or game animals anywhere in the United and Game Commissioner H. G. Thomas States, except in the narrow limits of pri that in 1878 deer had been practically ex- vate preserves. If these national reserves terminated in the state for many years. are utilized as propagating grounds, there A syndicate of public-spirited gentle- will be an overflow from them which will men secured the enactment of a closed enure to the benefit of the general public. season for deer, and imported and released The game which wander beyond the pro seventeen of these beautiful animals for tected boundary in the open seasons will propagation. In 1897 an open season for furnish supplies to the surrounding popu bucks only during October was permitted, lation, whilst the sources of supply will be and afterward for the last ten days only undisturbed. Instead of a general war of of each October. The possibilities of deer extermination being waged in every part restoration have been shown by the re- of the country, there will be havens of sults. In 1897, one hundred and three refuge from which a permanent source of were killed in the open season; in 1898, supply may be assured in the future. one hundred and thirty-one; in 1899, ninety; * Congress a few weeks ago authorized the Land * European game birds, such as the black cock De rtment lease to Mr. nilip 3.500 acres of and the great bustard, should introduced into the public bluff lands for an increased range for his herd. Wichita Reserve, and no doubt this will be done.- -THE EDITOR. THE EDITOR. Rod and Gun 251 This unlimited power to travel and kill should be also bounded by the limitations of the law. The necessity for protection increases as the powers of man to kill have increased. With the bloody breech-loader and abominable automatic gun of the pres- ent day, extermination is an easy thing. In fact, with long-range, rapid-firing guns in the hands of inexperienced hunters, it is dangerous alike for man or beast to go into the woods in the open season in Wisconsin, Minnesota or Maine. It is to be hoped that the people of the Pacific Coast will profit by the experience of their Atlantic ancestors, and not permit their salmon streams to become as barren as the once prolific Connecticut now is. The forest reserves have had additions during the past year of 22,854,978 acres, bringing up the grand total to 85,618,472 acres, exceeding the area of Iowa and Mis- souri combined. Not the least important of the uses of this vast domain should be to give shelter to a remnant of that wonderful wild life that once filled this continent. He reports HINTS ON TERMINAL TACKLE BY CLARENCE DEMING in 1900, one hundred and twenty-three; in 1901, two hundred and eleven; in 1902, four hundred and three; in 1903, seven hundred and fifty-three; in 1904, five hun- dred and thirty-one. In 1905 the open season was reduced to six days, and there were killed four hundred and ninety-five in that short period. A good many animals were illegally killed during these years, as there were reported three hundred and fifty-seven thus killed, and no doubt some were killed without being reported. Ex-Congressman Billmyer of Washing, tonville, Pennsylvania, recently reported to the writer remarkable results of deer propagation. He has a little private re- serve of only forty acres, safely inclosed, in which he, seven years ago, placed three elk and six deer. In six and a half years the elk had increased to thirteen, and the deer to about one hundred. that the fawns were almost invariably twins, and that his little flock was worth $3,000, showing the profitable nature of the investment from a purely commercial stand- point. This rapid increase seems almost incredible, but the surroundings were the most favorable and the animals were well supplied with food. Such examples as these show that if proper protection is given in the forest reserves, the land out- side, and for many miles beyond their boundaries, will again be well supplied. The inhabitants in the surrounding settlements will help to protect and guard this source of supply instead of hastening to destroy it. Many of the streams in these reserves are well stocked with trout and other fish. Fish are marvelously prolific. No radical or extreme measures of protection are needed to preserve them from extinction, but reasonable closed seasons and limita- tions upon the size and number of those caught, and enforcement of laws and regu- lations against dynamiting or other bar- barous methods of fishing, would keep these streams as permanent and constant supply stations, with which to restock the water courses that there find their source. National forestry is tree cultivation upon a large scale, covering long periods of time, for which the lives of individuals would be inadequate. Scientific forestry has taken a firm hold in France and Germany. The destruction of streams and farms by the washing of sand and gravel, caused by the wholesale cutting down of the woods, has called the attention of the people of the old world to the necessity of reforesting the waste lands. The people of the United States are awakening upon this question at a much earlier period than did our kin- folk across the sea. Now that any one can put his dogs and gun into a baggage car, and, taking a com- fortable sleeping-berth, reach his hunting grounds five hundred miles away in a few hours, his power slaughter has becom so great that moderation and self-restraint become the test of a true sportsman. They experience has easkea is temperang THE by experience, if asked to tell why some físhers are dubbed “lucky," others not, will answer that the lucky angler usually has three traits: first, knowledge of places; second, keen and careful at- tention to the details of his tackle; third, skill in handling the rod and line. Many would put the third of these qualities in the first place—such is the halo that circles expertness in fishing. And, as regards fly fishing, probably skill should be lifted to the highest niche. But the reference here is to successful angling in general, as to which care and detail in tackle hold the second rank in the so-called “luck” cate- gory. One may go a step further and add that in choosing and fixing the angler's outfit terminal tackle holds the first place. By terminal tackle is here meant simply hook, snell and sinker in their various combina- tions. They are a kind of focal point in fishing—the place where the angler has closest relation and contact with the fish through the medium of his lure, the bait. Hence their prime importance. If their quality or adjustment is bad, the angler may have skill, good general knowledge of times and places, and hold in his hand the supreme triumph of rod-making in green- heart, lancewood or split bamboo, yet meet with such reverse in hooking, and landing fish-especially the proverbial “big", ones -as half spoils his day's sport. And how many times has the keen fisher, off for his fortnight's vacation in the wild woods, 252 The Outing Magazine struck the hard rock of disappointment in the factory, and the faults be rectified. his discovery of defects in the quality of As an example from personal experience, his stock of hooks and snells! not long ago the writer found in a type of First in order of analysis let us take the snell hooks otherwise excellent and la- hook, which, after the bait, is the literal beled "made in England,” a deadly weak- taking point of the fish. It seems a bit ness in the winding. Complaint to the singular, in view of the undoubted advance salesman went back right away to head- in tackle during the last quarter century, quarters, and the next invoice of snell that one finds so many hooks still defective. hooks left nothing to be asked. Possibly it may be due to the machine What style of hook is the best for gen- made product in contrast with the old and eral fishing? is a query which anglers will, more careful work of hand and eye. But, according to individual taste, fancy or ex- whatever the cause, the fact stands and perience, answer differently for all time. also its corollary that the angler in these Under the limitation of ordinary fresh- days must give his hook the sharpest water fishing and from the depths of an attention. experience ranging for nigh half a century The most common flaw is in the tem through the Aberdeen, New York Trout, per of the hook. Some hooks break, but Limerick, Kirby and other types of hook, break hard; other hooks are brittle and the writer casts his individual vote strongly break easily. There are other hooks still in favor of the Sproat, No. 2, for black that bend, and bend so easily that they bass and general fishing excluding pick- “straighten" on every big fish; and yet erel, for which a very large New York Trout other hooks that bend, but bend so hard or Kirby style is best-and No. 4 for trout that a big fish never flexes them, and they -if fishing with bait—and the smaller only straighten and come away when the sizes for trout flies. No hook, after original full tension of the line is laid upon them if prejudices in other styles have been out- caught on tough snag or tree bough. worn, has, me judice, equaled the Sproat These last are the hooks to buy-if you in consistent taking power, albeit so simple can find them - and the hard-breaking in shape. But the Sproat itself varies hook classifies next in merit. Tests by somewhat, as a type, in two directions-- the eye are quite useless, as so many hooks size of wire and depth of bend. The deep carry exactly the same tints in blue or bent style is the better as it gives a stronger black. Test' the hook instead by the hold on large fish, and for the same reason hand, catching the point in a firm bit of I prefer the larger wire, which is less likely wood and trying it out both by the hard, to "cut" and loosen a very common firm pull and by the jerk. Watch par form of escape of a heavy bass after a few ticularly in this trial for weakness at the minutes of hard strain. A very slight, foot of the barb, where the wire is apt to indeed all but imperceptible inward turn be attenuated overmuch and the whole of the point of the hook should also be point give way on a strong fish, especially looked for and preferred, and a sharply if hooked in bone or very hard gristle. outlined barb as distinguished from a mere What vasty depths of angling profanity, “nick.” As a final word on the matter of in spirit if not in word, have been stirred winding the snell on the hook it may be in boat and on bank when the pointless said that the self-reliant angler who does hook comes away from the hard-played his own work is in the end surer of the fish, must be left to memory. result; but it takes time and somewhat The winding of the snell on the hook is exceptional aptitude and deftness of hand another matter of special import. Here as well as good eye. again we find acute variations and acute Turning next to the character and quali- infirmities. Some windings last for days ty of the snell, for general fishing the long, without serious fraying of the silk; others thick snell ranks first for obvious reasons; weaken and fray at the end of the first and the snell that is clear not only is less day's fishing; and others still, apparently visible in the water, but outclasses in firm- strong when dry, become perilously weak ness, strength and lasting power the snell and frail almost at the first touch of the that is slightly opaque. This bars the not water-a flaw probably due to defects in uncommon colored gut, which is also apt the protecting gum. In this case, too, to be of inferior grade. Every angler the test of the eye avails little, though it is should keep in stock a hank of unmounted well to see that the silk winding is laid on snells, the best costing at retail about closely and evenly. The best proof is the $2 per 100; and such unmounted snells hard pull as well as jerk” on the snell should be the units of his terminal tackle. at right angles to the hook; but even this In general, it should be remembered that does not avail always unless the winding the unmounted snells average somewhat has been soaked for an hour or two in better in grade than those bought with water. In general it is true, as to quality hook-or hook and fly—already attached. of hook and winding, that both excellence Just here we may well bring forward and weakness run through all the brands some points connected with the gut of the maker, and a test of one hook tries leader. In fly fishing the leader is abso- all. In that case a word of warning to the lutely essential. It saves the terminal salesman is pretty sure to pass quickly to from tangles; it is all but a prime factor Rod and Gun 253 or on in straight, clean, deft, accurate and long string sinker has at almost every point casting of the line; and it delineates the superior merit; as a mere enlargement- fily and gives it the realism that lures the if carefully wound-of the line it is well shy or fastidious fish. Moreover, in fly disguised; it rarely fouls on land or in fishing, the gut must be of varying size. water; it is easily varied in weight-sim- The strong, thick gut, that serves on an ply nipping off an end on the line reduces overcast or “open and shut” da it instantly—and with the rolled sheet lead windy or dimpled surfaces, often utterly on hand one can, with a stout pair of fails in high sunlight and still waters which shears, cut in a half hour the sinkers for a exact, as a rule, gossamer gut. In its whole season. relations to fly fishing with its dainty and Having thus outlined the varying merits attractive refinements, the leader from six of hooks, snells and sinkers for general to ten feet knotted with the most scrupu angling, let us come to their composite. lous care, becomes thus an angling neces It explains a combination in terminal sity. tackle which the writer has used for many But when we turn to bait fishing and years, which-outside of a few fisher mates to that "general” angling to which, in the who have adopted it—he has never seen main, this article refers, the costly gut in use, and which is so ready and adaptable leader shifts, for the most part, into a thing that, in an angling sense, it has become a of luxury. The angler who carries a deep veritable vade mecum. purse may habitually use a leader on purely Here is its making, let us say, for black æsthetic grounds, counting against its fre bass: Take a double gut looped at the end quent loss his added pleasure of neat and and mounted on a Sproat hook No. 2– attractive terminal tackle. But, as a pro almost any large dealer in tackle is sure saic fact in fishcraft, and averaging fresh to have it. Next take two snells from the water fish of various shapes, sizes and hank of gut, cut off both the frizzled and species, probably the simple gut ten inches diminished ends, and soak the two in long has at least nine-tenths the taking mildly tepid water for a half hour. Noose power of the best leader; and, if the single them by the common underrunning slip snell can be prolonged to a leader of say knot to the loop of the hook-snell. Then two feet or even a little less, the serious cut some five inches of line from the reel. risk of tangle passes and, in terms of The knotting of this to the loose ends of rational economy, the angler has-ex the "hank” snells so as to make a knot cept, as stated, for fly fishing-just as good that is absolutely secure is important. a leader for all practical fishing as can be The best device is the “water knot"-at desired. least such it used to be called. The simple But before we pass to its construction single knot in a cord, but with one end let us consider sinkers. Their name, even passed through twice, ought to suffice to for ordinary fresh-water fishing in lake or explain it to the novice; only, as to the stream, is legion, representing great di case in hand, the three strands--two snells versities of individual taste. But in the and the line-are to be held together and foreground are two types—the splitshot" treated in the tying as though they were and the lead "string" sinker wound along a single cord. In drawing the knot be the line or gut. Of these two styles the careful that the double snells pull evenly. split shot-usually about BB. size—has Finally wind the string sinker heretofore one or two special 'vantages. It offers described around the water knot, and in less resistance in the air when throwing out the case of all the knots, even though they the line; and it sinks quickly in the water, have been drawn fast, cut off the loose ends an important factor in fishing rapids or so as to leave, say, an eighth of an inch- strong, deep currents. But it has a bad thus allowing a slight margin for safety if habit of tangling gut and hook and of the knots draw a bit closer when well fouling the bottom, especially between soaked in the fishing. The composite is rocks and stones, to say nothing of its now complete. You have a "leader" vicious aptitude in hanging to bush and from twenty inches to two feet in length- bough; moreover, unless very carefully long enough for bait fishing and to avert adjusted, it is apt to flatten and weaken snarls—and the whole terminal tackle out- the line or gut at the clasping point. For fit is there in a single "combine," ready to all-round sinkers, therefore, the verdict be tied to the reel. For trouting the pro- must be decisively in favor of the string cess is exactly the same, with the Sproat sinker, cut from sheet lead reduced in hook No. 3 or 4 and single snells substi- the rolling machine of the plumber to, tuted-a little easier to tie and somewhat say, twice the thickness of stiff wrapping cheaper in cost than the black bass ter- paper, and cut in pointed strips of any minal. length required. For trouting in ordinary Angling has some griefs among its multi- swift waters the strip should be about two plied joys, and the writer has had his share inches long and a tenth of an inch broad; of both. But, of all the inventions which for black bass three inches long and an have assuaged vexation and fostered the eighth of an inch broad-double that size, charm of the gentle art he counts his home- perhaps, if a strong bait like a young frog spun compo for terminal tackle among or good-sized minnow is used. This the first. TWO NEW TAILLESS KITES, AND HOW TO MAKE MAKE THEM BY DAN BEARD AS cut away when the frame is finished. Use hickory or some other strong, elastic wood from which to make the WINGS Sa rule kites are made with a skeleton of wood and a skin of paper or cloth. In the accompanying diagrams I have used a dash and two dots to represent the string or thread used in framing a kite, and a double line to represent the bones or sticks of the skeleton or frame. Fig. 1 explains the joints and attachments of string to sticks, also the meaning of the other convention- al signs used for conveni- A STICK -ATMRC AD OR STRING .. STANOS POR INCHES 1 STANDS FOR FEET T- SHOWS APIN JOINT U.-SHOWS A BOUND JOINT V--SHOWS ANOTCH FOR STRING ence. Fig: 2 shows the bones of an owl kite af- ter they have been attached to each other (as at T and U in Fig. 1), but before they are bent into form. Let the sticks (AŃ and A O) be each 14 inches in length, and join them at A by driving a pin through and bending the protruding point of the pin back (as at T, Fig. 1). A N and A () should be straight, flat sticks, exact duplicates of each other and, as there 2 will be little strain upon them, they may be made of very light material; if the wood used is too small to drive a pin through it without splitting the sticks, bind the joint with thread (as at U in Fig. 1) and bind all accidental cracks in the sticks. or bow sticks (CD, E F) and the tail bow (GH). Make these sticks considerably thinner than the backbone and let the wing sticks (C D and E F) be each 53 feet long, and make G H 3 feet 6 inches long. The thickness of the bow sticks is largely dependent upon the material used, and split bamboo bows may be made much lighter than would be safe for some other woods. Attach the exact centers of the bow sticks securely to the backbone at the points (K, L and B) marked on the spine. We have still two small bows to make for the tail (G P and S H), but it is unnecessary to bother with these until the others are all strung and adjusted. Bind the cross sticks with strong waxed thread to the backbone and bend the bows (G D and E F) so that they will cross each other at their extremities (as in Fig. 3) and then lash the ends together, being careful that the right and left sides of the frame balance each other; in other words, use the utmost care to so bind the bow ends that the distance along one side of one bow from the binding to the backbone exactly equals the distance on the other side from bind- ing to backbone. It should measure (Fig. 3) 2 feet 3 inches along the bowstring to the backbone on each side. String the tail bow (GH) as in Fig. 3. Next, bind THE HEAD PIECES THE BACKBONE 3 (A N and A O) to the bow (CD), and let of the kite (A B) must be made of a good the distance from piece of straight-grained wood, free from where these sticks knots or cracks. Let it be about 1 inch are bound to the thick, 1 inch wide and 3 feet 4 inches long: backbone (a A) Five inches below the point where A N and measure just II A O are attached to the backbone mark a inches on each side point (K) for the bow stick (G K D), and to where they are ii inches below K mark the backbone for bound to the bow- the center of the wings where the bow stick at N and O string will cross; II inches below this (Fig. 4). Do not mark the point (L) where the lower bow forget to make the stick (E L'F) will be attached; 8} inches two sides of your below L mark the point (B) where the kite balance, tail bow (GH) is to be attached to the otherwise you will backbone. This will leave a small amount have that abomi- of spare stick (a A and B), which may be nation, 4 254 Two New Tailless Kites, and How to Make Them 255 A LOP-SIDED KITE, ON CURVE 5 เ one that has a list to port or starboard and worms its way in the sky like a person with curvature of the spine —if you succeed in making it fly at all; but the chances are that it will only rise to turn over in circles. After you have all the sticks in Fig. 3 in place, evenly balanced and the bow strings (see dash and dot lines, Fig. 3) square with the backbone (that is, crossing the spine at right angles), prepare Idro THE TWO SMALL BOWS Spread the paper smoothly on the floor, and if it is not large enough paste one or more pieces neatly together until a sheet is secured which will more than cover the kite frame. Use boiled flour paste and make the seams as narrow as safety will permit. Any sort of light, strong paper will do and for light winds such as are prevalent in the inland states east of the Mississippi River, even tissue paper may be used. Place the frame over the paper and use books or paper weights to hold it in place (X Y Z) (Fig. 5). The weight at X can only be used when there is no weight at the opposite wing, for the curve of the kite frame will not admit of both sides being weighted down at the same time. With a sharp pair of scissors cut around the kite frame (as in Fig. 5), making notches or slits at each angle and at short inter- vals (Fig. 51) on the curved lines. When one side is cut shift the X weight to the opposite wing, and cut the other side in the same manner, until the pattern, skin, cover or dress for the kite is finished; then with a towel in your left hand and paste brush in the right take one flap at a time, coat it with paste, fold it neatly the outline frame of the kite and press it gently but firmly down with the towel. When one side is finished transfer the X weight to the opposite side and paste that, then turn over the kite and add the flaps or flags shown on the tail of Fig. 7. When all is dry the belly- band may be attached by using a sharp lead pencil and punching small holes on each side of the backbone at Y and Z (Fig. 7), through which string the line for the belly- band and tie it around the backbone. for the tail ( GP and S H) (Fig. 4) and let them each be a little over 6 inches long, and made of light elastic sticks as near alike as your skill and judgment can make them. Bend the two small bows and string them as you would an archery bow, so that the bow strings will measure 6 inches each (as in Fig. 4); 7 then bind the bows at G and P. After the kite is all strung and framed the bow strings (G P and S H) may be removed, al- though it will do no harm to leave them in place. Now stretch the bow line from the joint of E C to the joint of F D until it bends the wings slightly back, so as to make a convex back and a concave front to the kite. Take a half hitch around the backbone and lash it firmly to the joints (E C and D F) (Fig. 4). See that the frame is evenly balanced and then tighten the bow string (GH) in the same manner, making the tail bend in a curve which cor- responds with the curve of the wings or main part of the kite frame. Next run THE STAY LINES, placing one 6 inches from the backbone, and on each side of it (as in the diagram, Fig. 4). Two more stay lines, each 3 inches from the first two, may now be strung so as to meet the principal bow string at points 9 inches from the first two, and to make fast to the bow (CD) at points 8 inches from the first two (as shown by Fig. 4). You are now ready to put THE SKIN ON THE OWL, or in other words to cover your kite with paper. over TO PAINT THE KITE take Fig. 8 and set it before you, then with 9 TOP (PereractiveViewOT RUTE LAST Gento 256 The Outing Magazine non a brush and paint make a faithful copy of it. When it is done and your kite is sent aloft, you can be certain that there are no other kites like it except those some other readers of this number of The OUT- ING MAGAZINE are fly- ing. I have tried to make the diagrams of these kites so that they may be understood even should the letter press be lost, but THE TAIL DORS OCULTETRANEOON ON CELLS 10 AN OP DE OP LUNA RITE THE LUNA KITE, hedron on the tail of the Luna I mean on what would be called the tail of the real butterfly's wings.) On the back of the but- terfly's wings 14 two other wings are pasted (as may be seen by referring to Fig. 9), and in the sectional view (Fig. II, S P and R P) these two wings are joined at their tips by a bit of paste and kept in position by the straw (O P N) run through them and the other wings. This straw is held in place by a thread which is fastened securely to one end of the straw, and then run around the curve of the kite (OMN) and secured to the other end of the straw at N. Fig. 12 shows a section of Professor Bell's tetrahedron; Fig. 13 shows how to make one with paper and broom straws; Fig. 14 shows the finished box of "cells, and Figs. 9 and 10 show how the cells are pasted to the tail of the butterfly and braced by broom straws. The kite meas- ures 24 inches in length and has a spread of wings measuring 15 inches. If made of brilliant and vari-colored paper it makes a beautiful kite. Of course it may be built of sticks in place of straws, but the one these diagrams were drawn from was made with broom straws and sent aloft attached to a spool of ordinary thread. a a perspective top view of which is shown by Fig. 9, looks so complicated that few words of explana- tion will be necessary. Fig. 10 shows the pat- tern of one side of this new butterfly kite. It was first built with- out the queer appendage on the tail, but I found that it darted around so much that it was necessary to have something to steady it. (It must be understood that when I here speak of the tail of these tail- less kites I refer to the lower or rear end of the kites themselves, and not to any long streamers of rags or strings and tufts So when I refer to the tetra- of paper. BOTTOM CCLL CCLL marealing CAPEN CELL cech 12 SECTION OP OCLL CCLLS OSTAL OP LUNA 13 SECTION OF LUNA KITE DOT TOM PATR CL, UNCH OO JOHN BURROUGHS CONFIRMED I AGREE with Mr. Burroughs that the weasel seizes its victim on the run, or on the jump; if it ever sneaks up to it I have not been fortunate enough to witness it. Let me tell one instance of the many I have seen. One day I was sitting in a clump of juniper bushes at the foot of a railway dam, which latter contained a great number of weasel burrows. While I was waiting for my game, the roebuck, I was attracted by the play of several weasels some twenty feet away. On the other side of the railway track a shepherd was herd- ing his flock, and his dog eventually jumped a hare, which crossed the track within easy reach from my hiding place. The hare was going at full speed across a potato field, when he was suddenly intercepted by one of the weasels, which fastened its teeth in his neck and clung to its victim for possibly a thousand yards. I could not see the finish, but when my dog retrieved him the hare was dead. That weasel was a Mus- tela Minor, and the hare was a Lepus Tim- idus, weighing about nine pounds.-F. J. GRUBE. NOTE.-The map on påge 5 of the April issue of The OUTING MAGAZINE in connection with Mr. Stewart Edward White's story, "The Pass," was drawn on a scale of one-half inch to the mile. For the purpose of reproduction, it was reduced to about one-eighth its original size. The printer failed to make proper change in the caption. This correction is due Mr. White, as otherwise the reader might imagine that the entire ex- ploration covered a distance of about a mile and a quarter. THE OUTING COMPANY PUBLISHING THIS TRADEMARK PICTURES THE SACRED SCARAB WHICH WAS WORSHIPED BY THE EGYPTIANS AS A SYMBOL OF FERTILITY AND OF THE RESURRECTION. IT BEARS UPRAISED THE EGG OF LIFE. Philip Goods and Blazing the trail. Drawing by Philip R. Goodwin. - THE OUTING MAGAZINE Vol. XLVIII Number 3 JUNE, 1906 THE BUILDERS IV.-THE GOLD CAMPS CF THE DESERT BY RALPH D. PAINE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR I ' F IT LOOKS GOOD TO YOU, GET TO IT." been peopled within the last four years, This is a Western slogan in which “it looked good” to many thousand men faith and works are so closely packed who wanted to seek gold, and they "went that another word would spoil it. There to it," and made cities in the most desolate is lacking the literary adornment of those and forbidding corner of the United States. “creeds” and “symphonies” which, done It is probable that this country will not in very pretty type or stamped on a see another great "gold stampede.” Be- ragged bit of leather, exhort us to plain fore these latest discoveries were made in living and high thinking with due regard Nevada, it was generally believed that the for the birds and flowers. No, there is frenzied rush of armies of treasure seekers none of the tinkling "preachment" doc must be classed as a vanished part of the trine of conduct in this big, rugged call frontier life and conditions. Old pros- to action, “If it looks good to you, get to pectors, however, with the clamor of Crip- it.” It is not preached, but lived by men ple Creek still echoing in their memories, who are too busy to prate much about the would wag their gray beards with a know- "simple life," and it says nothing about ing air and trudge into the desert and obstacles in the way. It would be hard to among the mountains, confident that other focus with more brevity and force the bonanzas were waiting to be revealed. virile spirit of the Americans who have Instead of seeking new sources of sup- made and bulwarked their nation. ply the men with more capital than imagi- This is how the desert of Nevada has nation were devising new methods to work Copyrighted, 1906, by the OUTING Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Tonapah, cradled in the desert mountains. The Builders 261 over old diggings. Their mighty electric state in which he made the first discovery dredges were turning over the placer gravel of the lode that bears his name, H. T. P. washed out by the Forty-niners, and by Comstock could not cling to the riches he a miracle of mechanical economy making had laid bare for others. After wandering it profitable to extract eleven cents' worth in poverty for years, he blew out his brains of gold from a ton of earth. Or their near Bozeman City, Montana, in 1870. stamp mills and scientific processes were The times have changed since then, and pounding up and milling the low-grade men have changed with them. The new ore of Alaska and the mountains of the mining camps of Nevada are alive with West. The gold hunter and producer were the old spirit that laughs at hardship and being rapidly stripped of their ancient red- danger, and their builders have earned a blooded romance of adventure by the pro- place in the latter pages of the story of the saic methods of twentieth-century enter American frontier. The “bad-man" is a prise, which have conspired to banish also missing figure, and the contrast between the cowboy and the sailor. these present-day camps of Tonapah, Nevada was a butt for jests among her Goldfield and Bullfrog, and their prede- sister states, which delighted to record cessors of the Comstock, is wide and such items as: impressive. Such colorful gentlemen as “Three hoboes were thrown off a train stalked through Virginia City thirty years while crossing the Nevada desert the other ago may be glimpsed in these bits of life day. Their arrival doubled the popula- and manners as told by one of them: tion of the county in which they hit the “A gambler of Herculean frame, with a alkali, and a real estate boom was started huge black beard that gave him a most fe- on the strength of it.” rocious appearance, cheated a miner out The state of brown, bare mountains and of four or five hundred dollars in a poker sand and sagebrush was beginning to feel game. The miner saw that he had been the stir of the irrigation movement, but swindled after his money was gone, and the heyday of her mining glory seemed to demanded his cash. The big gambler slumber with a dead past. Silver camps laughed in his face. The miner, who was that were hilarious cities of thousands of a small and inoffensive-looking person, men and millions in wealth thirty years left the place without more words. Some ago had dwindled to ruined hamlets whose of the crowd in the saloon told the big brick blocks stood tenantless and forlorn. sport that his man had gone off to heel The queen of them all, Virginia City, was himself, and that there would be trouble no more than a ghost of what she had been later on. The big man was not alarmed- in the days of the Comstock lode. he was not going to be frightened away, Those were the times when the poor He sat in a chair in the back room, near an miner, John Mackay, went to Nevada with open window, his head thrown back and only his pick and his stout arms; when his legs cocked up. He didn't care how Fair, the blue-eyed Scotchman, walked into many weapons the miner might bring. Virginia without a dollar, and "hung up” “Why, gentlemen,' he roared, you his board with the Widow Rooney up the don't know me--you don't know who I gulch, until he should make his strike; I'm the Wild Boar of Tehama. The when two young Irishmen, Flood and click of a six-shooter is music to my ear, O'Brien, were digging in the hills with their and a bowie knife is my looking-glass. comrade, George Hearst, all of them red (Here he happened to look toward the shirted prospectors together, with no other door, and saw the miner coming in with capital than stout hearts and stouter backs. a sawed-off shotgun.) ‘But a shotgun lets Their fortunes have built railroads, laid me out,' and he went through the window cables under seas and flung their children headfirst." into the spangled world of fashion. The "Early in the spring of 1860,” as Dan Comstock yielded more than two hundred DeQuille has told it, “Sam Brown, known millions of silver in sixteen years. Its all over the Pacific Coast as 'Fighting Sam mines were the life od of the Pacific Brown,' arrived in Virginia. He was a big Coast. But when their glory departed, chief, and when he walked into a saloon Nevada went to sleep again. Like the with his big Spanish spurs clanking along am. F Prospectors setting out from Goldfield. -- the floor, and his six-shooters Napping un he, "and saw Doc Holliday, Wyatt and der his coat-tails, the little chiefs' hunt Virgil Earp and Ringold wipe out the three ed their holes and talked small on back McClowrys and the two Clancys. One of seats. the Earps was a deputy United States “In order to signalize his arrival, Sam marshal, another was the town marshal, Brown committed a murder soon after and a third, Morgan Earp, was a Wells reaching Virginia. He picked a quarrel in Fargo‘shotgun man' or express messenger. a saloon with a man who was so drunk that There was bad feeling between the Earps he did not know what he was saying, and and the gang of cowboys, who were ac- ripped him up with his bowie knife, kill cused of holding up the stage and killing ing him instantly; then, wiping his knife the driver, Curly Bill. The McClowrys and on the leg of his pantaloons, lay down on Clancys accused the Earps of having a a bench and went to sleep. After that hand in the hold-up. The climax came where was the chief who dared say that when the Earps sent out word that the Sam Brown was not the ‘Big Chief'? Sam cow men must not ride into Tombstone had killed about fifteen men, doubtless and shoot up the town any more. I was much in the same way as he killed the last hiding behind an adobe house down at the man. corral when the McClowrys and Clancys “Not for long was Sam chief in Wahoe. rode in to accept the challenge. It was One Van Sickles, at whose ranch he shot a fight to the finish. Two of the Earps a hostler, mounted a fast horse, and crowd were wounded, but all of the other started in pursuit with a heavily loaded side were killed or mortally hurt right shotgun. Sam no doubt felt that his hour there at the corral. had come, for an enraged ranchman on his “A little later Morgan Earp was killed track meant business, as he well knew. in a saloon by a load of buckshot fired He turned in his saddle and began firing, through the window near which he was but the ranchman was unhurt and, raising playing billiards." his gun, riddled the great fighter with buck Now, the two surviving Earps, perhaps shot, tumbling him dead from his horse at hoping that the frontier had come back to the edge of the town of Genoa.” them, drifted into the new Goldfield dis- Going into Tonapah from Reno last au trict within the last year or so. Virgil tumn, a mining engineer recalled his earlier Earp died in the Miners' Hospital at Gold- experiences in the sizzling towns of the field, with his boots off, last autumn, after frontier. a most prosaic illness. Wyatt ran a little "I was a boy in Tombstone in 1881," said saloon in Tonapah for a while, and moved 262 n. Moving his residence by the simple process of jerking it up by the roots. on. Once he flourished his guns while ness of harvesting his hay crop. He had drunk, and they were rudely taken away forgotten about his rock when Oddie sent from him by an undersized sheriff. This him word that the stuff assayed several was in a mining camp of five thousand hundred dollars a ton in gold and silver. souls in which it has not yet been found Even then the doubting rancher did not necessary to organize a town government. think it worth while to make a trip after Such is the law and order that reigns on more rock, but his very capable wife kept the frontier of to-day. at him until he hitched up a team and Five years ago a desert rancher named drove into Belmont. Oddie had business "Jim" Butler was prospecting in south of his own by this time and could not go western Nevada, packing his outfit along with them, so Butler and his wife made on the backs of six burros, trudging among the lonely journey back to the Tonapah - the mountains a hundred and fifty miles Spring region to look at his “false alarm." from a railroad, in a country which an ex This was more than three months after perienced miner would have laughed at. his discovery, which indicates that "Tim” It had none of the signs of gold-bearing Butler was none of your get-rich-quick rock, and in his “plumb ignorance" Butler financiers. He staked out a claim for his plodded along "forty miles from water and wife, one for Oddie and a third for himself. one mile from hell,” trusting to gold seek Three months more passed before Butler ers' luck, and not at all confident of making and Oddie loaded two wagons with grub a strike big enough to keep him in tobacco and tools for doing development work on money. their claims. Oddie hauled water from One night he camped at Tonapah Spring the spring four miles away, cooked and and found some rock that "looked good to looked after the horses, sharpened tools him." He broke of a few chunks, loaded and helped Butler sink a shaft. In this them on a burro and rambled home with back-breaking fashion they got out a ton them in the course of time. In the town of ore and hauled it fifty miles to Belmont, of Belmont, near his ranch, his rock was from which it was freighted across the greeted with a light-hearted incredulity, desert a hundred miles farther to the near- and he was about to throw it away when a est railroad at Austin, to be shipped to young lawyer named Oddie pricked up his a smelter. This ton netted six hundred ears, and with the rashness of youth offered dollars in gold, and the two men, whose to have the samples assayed. Butler went cash capital was twenty-five dollars, were back to his ranch in Monitor Valley and able to hire a few men to help them. betook himself to the more important busi By winter the news sifted to the outside 263 2 On tie edge of Bullfrog. The Builders 265 world that a rich strike had been made in blocks, rising in the midst of the shacks and that far-away corner of the Nevada des tents that swarmed on its disheveled out- ert, and men began to "get to it” from skirts. Mining corporations, with millions Carson and Reno and the small camps in of Eastern capital behind them, were in the mountains. “Jim” Butler decided to possession of the richest claims, the country lease claims to the newcomers, and staked round had been prospected by thousands out locations for them as fast as they of invaders, and so the vanguard moved on arrived. Another year and the human south into the wilderness. At that time, trickle had swelled to a flood, and capital- if your water supply held out and you did ists were scenting the treasure and sending not get lost and die of thirst along the edge in their scouts. A year from the time he of Death Valley, you could travel two hun- had swung the first pick on his locations dred miles and find no town, no human Butler sold the original claims for $336,000, settlement except a shack or two beside and shrewdly took part of his interest in the springs that were from thirty to fifty stock of the company that was formed. miles apart. Nothing alive flourished in The rise of these shares has since brought the country except rattlesnakes and tar- the purchase price of the claims to a value antulas; nothing grew there except sage- of more than a million dollars. brush, cactus and mesquite. It was in the Meanwhile this “Jim” Butler had been very heart of what is left of the “Great making additional locations, which included American Desert.” Water, food, fuel, part of the future town site as well as other everything had to be hauled through rich ledges in the mountains. He showed mountain passes and sand from the near- himself to be very much of a man, which is est railroad. The heat in summer was a good deal better than being very much of frightful, rising to a hundred and twenty a millionaire. He leased out hundreds of degrees in the shade where there was any claims in the height of the rush when the shade, and lingering above a hundred de- gold fever was addling the brains of men, grees at midnight in midsummer. as it has always done. But it never threw While in Alaska the gold hunter's sto- “Jim” Butler off his balance. He refused ries are of snow and ice and bitter cold, to have written deeds and contracts with of dog sleds and snowshoes and furs, this his customers. Transactions whose total rush into the desert was framed in clouds ran into the millions were bound only by of white and choking dust, amid the peril the spoken word of "Jim" Butler. Nor of heat and thirst. could a fabulous strike on one of his leases Thousands turned backward, and hun- ever tempt him to go back on his word. dreds pushed on. Their ardor flamed The town lots he sold when values were afresh when thirty miles south of Tona- going skyward every few minutes were pah a second “big strike” was made, and transferred with no papers to show for it. the town of Goldfield rose over night. The Broken grubstake contracts, claim-jump- lucky locaters and lessees began to find ing suits, and real-estate disputes raged out ore whose total values ran into the all round him, but nobody who did busi millions in a very few months, and in the ness with “ Jim" Butler got into a lawsuit. first year the wealth dug out of the desert That capable wife of his helped him keep amounted to more than the production of track of his transactions, and an old ac Cripple Creek in its first two years of ac- count book held them all. tivity. Within eighteen months, nearly Within two years Tonapah was a town ten thousand people were at Goldfield, and of four thousand people, mostly men. It the railroad had pushed on from Tonapah. had been lighted with electricity, and a Still the prospectors headed southward, water system put in. There were two away from the town and the railroad, and churches, a graded school with a hundred sixty miles beyond Goldfield they were the pupils, a club, two newspapers; and a rail pioneers in another stirring stampede into road had crawled over the desert, built the desert. The Bullfrog district became by the Tonapah Mining Company with the firing line of the gold-seeking invasion. $600,000 of its profits from its gold dig- When the gold was found, only three fam- gings. Tonapah took on a settled and civi ilies were living within eighty-five miles lized air, with its stone business and bank of the locations, a rancher named Beatty, . Cruisers after gold. one Howell, who had a little ranch by a lines were strung across the desert to Gold- spring, and Panamint Joe, a Shoshone In field, and these isolated, desert-bound set- dian who was camped with a few of his tlements were in touch with the outside tribe near another spring where there was world as soon as they were big enough to a patch of watered grazing land. In less be named. than a year four thousand people were liv Tonapah, meanwhile, as the oldest of ing in the new-fledged towns of Bullfrog, these camps along the path of the dusty Beatty, and Rhyolite. They were linked argonauts, had lost its floating population with the railroad sixty miles away by a and was in a second stage of solid develop- line of automobiles, daily stages and toiling ment, with mines in operation and ore trains of freighters' wagons. Telephone going by solid train loads to the smelters The ''bucking broncho" of a desert autoinolile. — 206 The Builders 267 at Salt Lake. Speculation in mining Tonapah when the day's work is done, stocks had succeeded the gambling fever flock into the gambling houses either to of the prospector, and if other excitement play or to look on by way of diversion. was wanted, it must be sought in the re Walk into the “Tonapah Club” Saloon sorts where the faro layout and the roulette of an evening, for example. The bar is wheel held sway. crowded, and the big room is jammed with Although the “modern improvements” men who are drifting from one gambling were hurried into Tonapah and Goldfield table to another. There is much heavy with an amazing speed that makes this play and some hard drinking, but no loud peopling of the desert a modern miracle, talk, no boisterous profanity, no ruffianly it was nevertheless a new civilization, drunkenness. The place is quieter than the whose raw edges could not be trimmed off average camp meeting. If one is looking in one year, or even five. These are still for surviving phases of the frontier, he may frontier outposts, although they belong to be disappointed at first glimpse of so sin- a tamed frontier. They seethe with strong, gularly docile a gathering. Soliant "Farmer's Station" on the road to Bullfrog. bold currents of life, and men are counted But in front of a faro table a brace of for what they are, and not what they grizzled prospectors are "piking” along have, as it was in the days of old. with fifty-cent chips. They are almost The petulant pop of the pistol is almost cleaned out, and to the average town-bred unknown, and the six-shooter is not a com man, whose chief worry is lest he lose his monplace adornment of the well-dressed job, their situation would seem perilous and male. The gambling house, saloon and even hair-raising For they have come in dance hall, however, are populous and from the desert for “a whirl," and when profitable business enterprises and they their modest stakes are gone, they will be dot the streets "gay and frequent." Be without a dollar in the world. They are cause public gambling is licensed by law aware of this fact, but it does not disturb in Nevada, these mining camps have a them. They have been “broke” many more vivid streak of frontier conditions times, and they expect to “go broke” many than can be found anywhere else. The times more. They were prudent enough tanned and dusty men in boots, leggings to buy a little store of bacon, beans and and corduroys who throng the streets of flour before they embarked on this ruinous Hauling rich ore from a Tonapah gold mine. The Builders 269 evening, and in the morning they will pack shack built of lumber ripped from packing their burros and trail off into the moun cases, as are many residents of to-day, and tains to live another month or two without her house was scarcely larger than the piano seeing any other human being until they box. The miner handsomely solved the shall come back to town for another grub- problem when he embarked on his next stake. And if they can't raise the cash 'whirl,” for he gave orders that a house for the next grubstake? Well, that time is be built to hold the piano, which was no far distant, and it's a poor kind of a man mean tribute to her charms when rough that will worry when he has enough to eat lumber was costing a hundred and thirty for a month ahead. dollars a thousand feet. So they dutifully and cheerfully “go All things are in a state of change in such broke," and stroll over to watch a crowd a town as this. The “old-timer" who goes that presses round a roulette table. Three away for three months returns to find that young men in well-worn khaki are playing most of his friends have moved away, or with stacks of twenty-dollar gold pieces in are holding down new jobs. I wasted half lieu of chips. Their speech is that of the a day in the company of a mining engineer campus and the club of the Eastern sea who sought a friend. We found him at board, and it is likely that they learned the length, in command of a hardware store. rudiments of this pastime in a metropolitan "What do you think of him?" said the palace of art presided over by one Richard engineer impatiently. “Last year at this Canfield. They stake twenty dollars on a time he was janitor of the bank. Then he number, and one of them wins a thousand was made assistant cashier, next he was dollars with two turns of the wheel. Now made the full-fledged cashier, and then he there is a sudden buzz of talk and the word up and opens a hardware store, and it's all is passed: happened inside twelve months." "Here comes Jack for a whirl. My acquaintance inquired for a gambler Now you'll see some action.” who had been one of the big men of the The little fish retire and make room at town three months before. the roulette table for the noted plunger, “He's keeping cases for a faro layout who has dropped in to put into circulation down street for four dollars a day wages," a few thousands' worth of the gold he has was the reply. “He had fifty thousand dug from a near-by hillside. The dealer dollars last spring.” raises the limit to the ceiling, the stout "Where is the professor who blew in to man of the rough-and-ready garbloses give Shakespearean readings just before 1 ten thousand dollars in an tiot, and tells went away?" was the next query. the bartender to “set up champagne for "Oh, he chucked Shakespeare into the all hands." This generous act costs him discard, and he's dealing faro over in the another thousand, and he swings carelessly Tonapah Club.” out to meander among the dance halls, Mingled with these ups and downs are where the jangle of battered pianos mingles the bizarre and almost incredible tales of with that of women's voices that long since men who have found fortunes, almost with lost their freshness. the stroke of a pick, in this God-forsaken One of these suddenly rich and prodigal desert, from Tonapah to Bullfrog. All miners, in order fittingly to express his es kinds and conditions have won or lost in teem for one of these nightingales of the this tremendous lottery, the college-bred desert, vowed in a care-free and exhilarated man from the East alongside the ragged hour that he was going to give her a grand prospector, who had tramped the Klondike piano. The lady protested and said she in vain before he drifted at the call of the preferred the cash, but he insisted upon latest cry of gold. I recall a Yale man in the grand piano or nothing. After the his early thirties who told me of his luck: ponderous instrument had been freighted “After I got out of college I began work across the desert behind twenty mules, at in a broker's office in Wall Street, expect- vast expense, it was found that the resi- ing to touch only the high places on the dence of the faded songstress was not big road to wealth. After two years of it I enough to hold it. was starting a crop of wrinkles trying to At the time she was living in a one-room live in New York on my salary, and I needed - A "residence street" of Tonapah. fresh air bad. I broke out and came West was shy one miner. Oh, yes, I have held and did a number of things. They did not on it, and it's working for me in developing pan out, as you may gather when I tell you some other rich properties.” that I followed the rush to Goldfield hoping College men fairly swarm in the gold something would turn up. I had forty camps, and many of them flocked in as five dollars in my clothes, and this wasn't soldiers of fortune. going to last long with grub at high-water “Some fool threw a football into the prices. I applied for work in a mine and middle of the main street of Goldfield one cinched a job at four dollars a day. The day,” said a prospector. “Then he gave a boss listened to my plea that I wasn't college yell, and twenty men piled out of feeling quite fit and wanted to wait a the stores and hotels and saloons so fast few days before sharpening my pick. He you couldn't count 'em. They lined up promised to hold the job for ten days, without anybody's giving the word, and and I went out prospecting. Inside the played a game right on the jump. They ten days I had staked a claim and had the clean wore that football out in no time." ore in sight. It was so good that I cleaned While the college-bred man may find up forty-five thousand dollars, and the boss only disappointment and hardship in such 9 LOVYRE ENTONOSLL OFFICE BETAALID Up-to-date ships of the desert on parade in Goldfield. 270 The Builders 271 ance. a stormy tide of life as this, he quits it, at "I've been mining and prospecting for any rate, with a new respect for mankind, twenty-eight years," he said—“in Colo- a bed-rock democracy of view-point, and a rado and Wyoming and California (bang, stock of elemental courage and self-reli- bang) and in Alaska and South Africa For there is this to be said of the (thump, thump) -and I tried it awhile in men of the desert and mountains, that they Australia (clang, bang)— I've made two know how to take defeat with a smile for big strikes in my time you might call the future and a firmer set of the jaw 'em fortunes (s-S-S-S-S-s)—lost 'em both in for the present. While there are prodi- mining propositions—I'm going down a gal and foolish deeds among the few who hundred feet here and if I don't strike it find bewildering wealth in the earth, a then I'll quit (bang, thump)-The surface finer wealth of manhood is developed in rock looks good to me-Hope I'll find some the hearts of the many who fail to find that more color before my grubstake runs out which they seek. - It's hard work, but I don't know as I On a hillside, near Goldfield, I found an want to do anything else It sort of gets old miner who was sinking a shaft to de hold of a man after a while so he ain't happy STORE Talking over a new "strike" in Tonapah. velop his prospect. There was a white unless he's being disappointed and trying heap of rock, a hole, and a hand windlass again- and bucket to mark the scene of his back There is another desert breed which is breaking endeavor. He was sharpening essentially modern, and which must be his picks at his little forge, and as he smote classed as a type of the twentieth-century the red steel with his hammer and thrust mining camp. This is the desert chauffeur, it hissing into a water bucket, he talked who opened the trail of traffic between with the clang of his tool for punctuation. Tonapah and Goldfield, and later drove He was gray and he wore spectacles and his machines on south to the camps of the his back was bent. But the seamed and Bullfrog district. He is distinctly pic- sun-scorched face held a certain quality of turesque, and he is as thorough-going a kindly tolerance of things, a kind of tem pioneer in his way as the freighter in his. pered patience and sweetness, as if he held “I can spot one of those desert auto- a grip on a few simple doctrines of life mobile drivers coming up street as far as gained through hard stress. I can see him," said a man in Goldfield. Homes of some early Goldfield settlers. “After he has been at it a year, he looks like a sheep herder. He gets that locoed look in his face and the same kind of a wild stare, and he looks as if you couldn't get the dust out of his system if you ran him through a stamp mill." It is one of the many incongruities of these towns dumped down in the heart of the desert to see the prospector and his burros turning out to dodge the high- powered automobiles which snort through the unpaved streets in squadrons. Nor have so many costly machines been wrecked anywhere as on the road (if you may call it such) between Goldfield and Bullfrog. it is a stretch of sixty miles of lonely desert, without a town or a house as a refuge in case of a breakdown. When I made the trip it was as cheerful a gamble with respect to reaching your SECOND HAND STORE EVERYTHING BOUGHT AND One of the early "emporiums" of Goldfield. 272 The Builders 273 destination as putting out to sea in a flat you why. I guess because this comes bottomed skiff. The law of the survival pretty near being a man's work.” of the fittest had wrought its pitiless Sometimes he has made the run to Bull- work among the battered machines, and frog in five hours. This was when the from the wreckage loomed the command machine held together. He was seldom ing figure of one “Bill” Brown, the only longer on the road than twelve hours, driver who guaranteed to get you across, which was a better record than that of whether his auto held together or not. other drivers, who had been stranded for He had rebuilt his car several times. a day and a night in the blazing desolation So little of the original material was left between the two ports. that she suggested the present condition His road twists through cañons, over of the frigate Constitution. The car had lava-strewn plains, across the bottoms of been shipped into the desert, ornate, elab dead lakes, and through sand that buries orate,' equipped with many glittering de his tires. The steering wheel is never still vices which “ Bill” Brown began to elimi as he snakes his old machine through the nate with ruthless hand. It should furnish rough going, while the passengers bound makers and owners of automobiles with merrily from their seats, and wonder while food for reflection to learn that this icono in air whether they will come down in or clastic chauffeur took a thousand pounds out of the car. of weight from this machine before he had Twenty miles from anywhere you pass her running to please him. a tent which bears the legend, “Saloon and To look at this bucking broncho of a car, Restaurant.” Another sign informs you the novice would conclude that “Bill” that this tent is the town of “Cuprite,” and Brown had laid violent hands upon her that its reason for being is “First ship- and removed most of her vitals at random. ment, $238 per ton.” The worth of very When he had discarded a vast amount of many tons would be required to hold the machinery and trimming, he tossed aside average man more than five minutes in the body and built a new one from the “Cuprite,” but the population of four is sides of packing cases to save more weight cheerful and apparently contented. Far and make room for more passengers. ahead a dust cloud marks the crawling Thus humbled and transformed, sug progress of a freight outfit, hauling hay gesting a New York club man stripped and lumber to Bullfrog, taking five days to down to a prospector's outfit and set adrift make the sixty-mile journey. in the desert to shift for himself, the car Against the background of sand and was made to look even less like an auto mountains gleams a little lake. It is mobile. Water-kegs and cases of oil and framed in wet marsh and green under- gasoline were strapped on her sides, to growth, and tall trees march behind it. gether with enough spare tires and parts Presently the machine storms over this to reconstruct her at short notice. With patch of desert, and there is nothing but a her engines uncovered, reeking of oil and streak of dazzling white soda and clumps dust, rusty and patched and gaunt, the of sagebrush. This dry lake whence the machine seemed to belong to the desert mirage has fled is as smooth and hard as after “Bill” Brown had fashioned her to asphalt, and for a mile “Bill” Brown "lets his liking And like his machine, the her out” and it is like flying after the pitch- driver had come to harmonize with the en ing and bucking over the desert road. vironment. He had been in the employ "I made the trip by night during the of a New York physician before he came summer,” said he. “It was too hot in the West to tame one of these desert steeds. daytime. Then you did get a run for your It was a far cry from the uniformed and money, because I'd miss the road now and dapper chauffeur of the boulevard and the then and cavort over the rocks till I struck garage to the rugged, dusty, self-reliant it again. But I've been lucky. I never fighter against odds that the desert had had to walk forty miles for help and leave made of him in one year. my passengers spraddled out in the sand “I like it better than I did in New York,” like one of the drivers did, with the ther- said Bill, with a smile that struggled mometer playing around a hundred and through his mask of alkali. “I can't tell twenty.” - 274 The Outing Magazine The machine stops with an ominous rattle. It seems as if “ Bill” Brown had boasted before he was out of the woods. He climbs down and looks his battle-scarred veteran over. A freighter is passing a few hundred yards away. To this outfit has- tens the resourceful “Bill,” and returns with a few feet of wire which he had pur- loined from a bale of hay. With unruffled temper “Bill” burrows in the stifling dust, somehow utilizes the wire to hitch his ma- chine together again, and she bounds away with renewed and headlong enthusiasm. Ten miles from the camp of Beatty, we essay to jump across a gully at a gait of about thirty miles an hour. There is a crash and a spill, in which the passengers are dumped overside on their several heads. “Bill” Brown rolls out like a shot rabbit, and when he scrambles to his feet, sur- veys a wrecked car. The rear axle has snapped in twain and one wheel has rolled on down the gully. A civilized driver with a broken axle would throw up his hands and wait to be towed into harbor. The passengers gaze mournfully across the desert and think of the ten-mile walk. The time is the late afternoon and the prospect is not pleasing. But “Bill” re- marks with the air of a man who has no troubles: “This don't amount to shucks. You just loaf around and pick wild flowers for half an hour and then we'll go on our way rejoicing." He extracts a spare axle, a jack and a wrench from his machine shop under the seats, collects a few rocks of handy size and hums a little song while he toils. The rear of the car is jacked up on a stone un- derpinning, and the broken axle removed, and a new one fitted in thirty-five minutes by the watch. “I was a little slower than usual,” apolo- gized Bill. “This gully is a mean place to break down in. You can't get under the machine without building up a rock pile first." Again the old car buckles down to her task, and rattles into Beatty, six hours out from Goldfield. There is one long street of tents, and straggling away from them are tiny dwellings ingeniously walled with tin cracker boxes hammered out flat, or with gunny sacks or beer bottles set in adobe, and dugouts are burrowing into the hill-sides. Beatty is five days by freight from a railroad and lumber is a staggering luxury. Ringed about by painted mountains, whose towering slopes are wondrously streaked with crimson and green, the new camp seems vastly more remote from the world of men than could be measured in miles of desert. The concentrated essence of American enterprise is displayed in a hotel which was opened a few days before our arrival. It is a big, square, wooden building of two stories, which stands forth in this town of tents and shacks like a battleship amid a fishing fleet. And one has to fare to this far corner of the country to find that "welcome at an inn," which cities have forgotten. Waiting on the porch is Mrs. Casey, the landlord's wife, blowing a horn and cheerily calling: “Dinner's hot and waiting. Come in to the best hotel in a hundred miles." A piano is busy in the parlor, there are mission furniture and big lounging chairs in the office, and at the dining-room door tarries, with smiling countenance, a plump and ruddy waiter with a white moustache, who is an animated evidence of good living. It seems worth while to recall some of the items of that memorable menu down at Casey's, in the camp of Beatty, not far from the edge of Death Valley, amid as ghastly an isolation of natural background as can be found on the globe: “Utah celery, sliced tomatoes and cu- cumbers, roast spring chicken, lettuce salad, corn on the cob, green apple pie, English plum pudding, apples and grapes, and fresh milk." There were telephones in the bedrooms, bathtubs and running water, a plate glass bar and two spick-and-span roulette wheels; in short, all the comforts of home and most of the luxuries. In the starlit evening, the untiring "Bill” Brown limbered up his scarred chariot and drove us over to Bullfrog, five miles away. The lamps went out during the journey, but Bill was not disturbed. He drove at top speed and occasionally lost the rocky trail. At such times the car careened on two wheels, came down with a grunt, and hurdled a few bowlders. But with un- shaken energy the machine boomed into Bullfrog, and by a miracle of luck the pas- sengers were still inside. The Builders 275 ore Inasmuch as a bullfrog would have to was costing fifty dollars a ton to freight pack water on his back to camp on this site, it to a smelter, but it paid to ship such the town was named by a man of high as this out of the remote desert. powered fancy. The camp had another Inside the mine, a huge block of ore had distinction in that it was the last outpost been blocked out which assayed from of the gold seeker. To push on toward the $230 to $1,500 a ton. The experts es- south meant a journey of a hundred and timated that three million dollars' worth twenty-five miles to reach the nearest rail of ore was already in sight. Taking it out road, within sight of the Funeral Range, was the cleanest and easiest mining imag- whose ramparts march along Death Valley. inable. The soft, clean talc cut almost like Bullfrog was somewhat in the condition cheese, and it was like removing sacks of of a man with a ten-thousand-dollar bank gold from a vault. After a glimpse of such note in his pocket who is likely to go hun treasure finding as this, it was possible to gry before he can break it. The rush was understand the exuberant declaration of a over, and the hills were speckled with wild-eyed young citizen of Bullfrog: claims and the ore was there. The hun “Give us time enough and we'll demon- dreds who tarried to hold down their loca etize gold. tions and wait for something to turn up The story of one such strike as this lures lacked capital to take out the ore; and thousands into the desert, and they paint when they had it on the dump, they were another and a contrasting picture. For so far from a railroad that hauling it over many are called and few are chosen by the the desert cut too heavily into the profits. fickle fortune that directs the trail of the Therefore they sat tight and held on, wait gold hunter. Where these thousands of ing for the railroad which must come to adventurous men of broken fortunes come them in a few months. Meantime there from, and where they drift to when the was much gold in the hills and little cash in stampede has passed, is one of the mysteries But hopes were high, and it of the “gold strike.” They leave behind was good to see the rows of tents that stood them, however, cities where there was a for pluck and courage, on the firing line of desert, they help to redeem the waste places civilization. and in their wake is new wealth that flows Next day I was invited to lunch at one into every artery of the nation's material of the show mines of this district. “Bob” welfare. Montgomery was one of the tribe of des Twenty thousand people have been al- ert prospectors when he stumbled upon ready added to the population of Nevada, this bonanza. When I saw it the miners and many millions in money to her re- had been cross-cutting and tunneling into sources. And the hero and the creator of the white and chalk-like rock only a few it all is the dusty prospector with his hardy months. They had piled up several thou burros, his canteen, blankets and his gold sands of tons of ore that was worth from pan and hammer. Behind him comes the $200 to $700 a ton. It was crumbly army of careless and high-hearted invaders, stuff that looked like lime, and it held whose truly American war-cry is: no free gold that the eye could see. It “If it looks good to you, get to it.” the camp. (To be continued.) WINKLER ASHORE V. - BRAINIE'S SUICIDE BY GOUVERNEUR MORRIS ILLUSTRATED BY FREDERIC DORR STEELE "T HE longest were a ladies' man out an' out. He took and the sick, he did, and had delirilums, and when drearest the captain went forward to have a look voyage I ever at him, he says, with his eyes tight shet, took, sir,' Put your cool hand on my forrid, honey, said Winkler, I'm burnin' up. And then he opens his _"and they eyes, and says, 'I can't see you, my own was all drear true dear, but I knows you're there- and long touch me or I die,' says he. were from “Captain,' says I, ‘he thinks you're his Sydney, Aus- girl, poor feller. Put your hand on his tralia, to Lon brow,' I says. The captain done it. But don, with no Brainie he cast loose and begun to howl. stops. Our ‘That ain't your hand,' he says; 'that's -3 captain were the hand of a fine strong man, but I wants "He were goin' mad." part owner in your hand, dearie.' a fine, new “The captain were some pleased to be clipper ship built by the Sewalls in Bath, called a fine strong man, bein' plain and Maine, and him and another clipper captain undersize; so he says, “He needs to be was out to beat each other and the record. nursed by a woman, poor feller; arsk Miss We never busted no record, sir, but we got Jordan to step forward, with me compli- to London first, by reason of the other ship ments.' So 1 fetches her, and she puts her founderin' in a gale off the Horn with all hand on Brainie's brow. With that he hands. We had nothin' all the way but says, 'God bless you, Hel-un,' and shets pork, beans, bilgewater an' bufftin' winds. You'd a thought the old man o’ the sea “He's asleep,' says the captain; ‘we were down on us. Off the Horn the mate can leave him now.' But the minut she were froze to death, which were in no way takes away her hand, Brainie commences prophetic o' where he mos' likely went to, to scritch and yell. and off the Guineys a feller named Iron “He ain't asleep,' says the captain; died o' the heat. In the Cribban sea one ‘put your hand back.' o' the men fell overboard, by reason o' “Brainie, he carmed down, he did, and goin' to sleep whilst leanin' on the rail, the captain says, “This ain't no place for a and were et by a shark. woman; we'll fetch him arft, and give him "The captain he had in charge a poor pore Batie's cabin that were friz, and you girl as was a offan, and wanted to get back can nuss him,' he says, 'if you will.' to England, havin' made her fortune in “Well, sir, Brainie were bore aft and Australia, and the men they got so's they made comfortable in the mate's cabin that couldn't think o' nothin' but that girl. were friz, and Miss Jordan she nussed him, But it were hardis' on Brainie M'Gan, who and it done him a heap o' good. But one his eyes. 276 Winkler Ashore 277 day the captain he busted in when he passes him half a tumbler. Drink that, weren't looked for, and Brainie he come my pore friend,' says I, ‘and you'll die forward a-flyin', and after that he were peaceful.' given all the mean work o' the ship, and “Brainie he took the tumbler, and he more o' the rest than he could stand. If were sufferin' that dretful in his body and a captain's down on a man he can make head he didn't make no dyin' speeches hell for him, and that's what our captain but ‘Here's how, Winkie,' and he drunk it done for Brainie M'Gan. He'd a kilt him down. if he could. Brainie took sick, and no “It 'll act quick,' says I, “but you'll pretendin' this time, but he weren't give not go alone, bein' my bes’ friend and me no rest. He were worked and worked, sick o’ life. So 1 pours a half tumbler, and swore at an' roasted, till he'd a bin glad meanin' to get credit and a good drink all to change places with the cook in hell's to onct. But Brainie he snatches the kitchun. “I'll tame you, my wild man,' tumbler out of my hands, and says: says the captain, an' he done it. "Don't, you iggit,' says he. My "Brainie come down with fever and pleasure,' and he drinks it down. boils, sir, so's he couldn't sleep. He got “The second drink closed his eye some thin and peaked, and his eyes took to and eased the pain of his boils. rovin', and his mouth to squirmin'. I “I wisht,' says he, I'd seed my way done my best to make things easy for him, to livin' long enough to get even with the but the captain were too sharp. “You captain,' says he. mind your own business, Winkler,' says “Never mind that,' says 1; ‘you'll be he, ‘and I'll thank you.' It got so's Brain- glad you didn't when you're onct gone. ie couldn't talk sensible. And one day, Is the acid beginnin' to burn?' sir, he throwed hisself overboard; but were “A little,' says Brainie; ‘I'm sleepy.' pulled out half drownded, and set to work “Have another swig,' says I, ‘and lie the minut' he could stand. Anybody down. You'll be for the long sleep now,' could see, sir, with half a eye, that he were goin' mad, and many's the night, sir, Brainie he took another swig, and lies I wep', when I'd orter slep'. down, closin' his eyes. “I got him ashore in London, sir, but all he says was, ‘Now I can kill myself in peace.' 'You'll not do that,' I says. And when I says that, sir, he took my neck between his hands and squoze it till I seed black. Then he let me go. “I'll kill my- self in peace,' says he,‘and you'll not inter- fere,' he says. “I'll not,' says I, bein’mad by reason of havin' been squoze so painful, I'll help you, my lad.' “Then he wep' and said I were his only friend. “You'll step round to the druggist, Winkie,' says he, ‘and fetch me a pint of carbolic acid, and you'll set with me whilst I drinks your health,' says he. “I'll do that for you,' says I, “but we'll get a room at Trawley's so's you can die cumtable,' I says. And we done it. I tried to get Brainie to lie down on the bed, but he wa’n't able by reason of the boils on his back. So he walks the floor while I steps out for the carbolic acid, which I didn't get, sir, but a quart bottle full of whiskey and gin. Stocks “'There's whiskey with it,' says 1, 'to drownd the dretful burnin' taste,' and I “Drink that, my pore friend, and you 'll die peaceful." says 1. 278 The Outing Magazine "I feel that peaceful,' says he, I most wish I wa’n’t dyin'.' “Look at me onct more,' says I. “I can't,' says he, “my lids is that heavy.' “Then good-by,' says I, and squoze his hand. “Good-by,' says Brainie, and a minut later he were snorin' peaceful. “Then I fetched a doctor, sir, to lance his back, which he done. And he says, 'Give him lettuce and fruit and fresh vegetables when he wakes,' says he, ‘and he'll not want to suicide no more.' “When the doctor were gone I drinks the rest of the whiskey and gin and lies down by Brainie. We slep’ twelve hours, and when we woke, Brainie he were a dif- ferent man. "You saved me, Winkie,' says he, when I told him everythin'. 'You've spared me to do the captain,' says he. "Well, sir, what with whiskey and fruit, Brainie he come round in a few days, and were hisself again. “He found out where Miss Jordan were livin', and one day when the captain were payin' her a call he drops in, and them as were with him, which were me, seed a fight that didn't last long. When the captain were able to sit up, Brainie says to him: “My man,' says he, ‘let this be a lesson to you not to be jealous without cause. I don't say I weren't plannin' to trifle with Miss Jordan's affections, but she'll bear witness I didn't do no sech thing. And when you busts into the cabin that time she were repeatin' Romeo and Capu- let, to keep me quiet, which she knowed by heart, havin' bin a actress. If you'd listened then you'd spared us both a heap o'pain. Bein' a thick-headed, illitrate dunderpate, with the soul of a skunk, you wouldn't listen, and by consequences you had your bow and stern stove in so bad that if you fell overboard you'd sink.' “That afternoon, sir, we ships for a cruise in the Meditranin. I had to clear out o’ London, too, because durin' the excitement I'd fetched the captain a few kicks on my own account that done us both a world o' good." IN LUZON BY FRANK LILLIE POLLOCK Here the summer lingers on; But in my native north, I know, The splendid world is bright with snow, Where on the windy fields of dawn The curled drifts wander, break and grow. Heavy here on gulf and palm The passion-laden planets shine; And dreams turn homeward to divine Again the dark auroral calm, The forest moon, the breath of pine. Here the heart with summer breaks; The scented breezes come and go; And all the spirit faints to know The silence of the frozen lakes, The austere radiance of the snow. GIVE THE BABY A A CHANCE “THE HAND THAT ROCKS THE CRADLE—THE HAND THAT SPOILS THE WORLD" BY FRANK BARKLEY COPLEY 92 POST mothers know who made him what he is, let her try to little or nothing evade the responsibility as she may. about bringing up “Pooh!” says the mother; "what do babies. When you, a mere man, know about babies?” M they have had two The writer respectfully steps aside with or three, they gain finger pointed at the Babies' Hospital of some knowledge New York City. That institution, since but nothing to it was established eighteen years ago, has speak of. Wom- cared for nearly six thousand infants, and an's vaunted intu all the statements here made are made upon ition is of little value in caring for children. its authority. Thus they have the certi- The maternal instinct is not a safe guide. tude of a vast experience-an experience Do you call these statements pretty that you, my dear madam, can never hope strong? Well, do you realize that, where- to equal. as nearly every child comes into the world Let it be known that this same Babies' healthy, about two-thirds of them die be Hospital, by reducing them to a science, fore reaching their third year? But use has revolutionized the methods of caring your own observation. How many babies for babies wherever there has been a dis- do you know that do not have to be hushed position to receive the light. It is certainly to sleep? How many do you know that remarkable, when you come to think it are not habitually fretting and whining? over, that, although men for ages have How many do you know that are not howl systematically studied the raising of dogs, ing at all hours of the night and day for cats, poultry, cattle and horses, it was not some one to come and amuse them? Pre until a few years ago that any scientific cious few. attention was paid to babies. But, young But, you object, have not babies whined as is the science of baby-raising, it is al- and howled and had to be hushed to sleep ready making giant strides. This is the since time immemorial? Yes, that's true. age of the baby. The gospel is now being Doesn't that prove it is perfectly natural? proclaimed to the far corners of the earth: It does not. It simply proves that babies Babies have rights. since time immemorial have been spoiled. And now look here: How many babies do you know that are rapidly developing into little devils of greed and selfishness The new science is iconoclastic. It bad-tempered, impudent, self-willed, and breaks some of our most cherished tradi- as stubborn as balky mules? tions. What man, bearded and grizzled many, it is to be feared. though he may be, can pause in the midst Innate depravity? Bosh! That child, of his hurried, workaday life and recall now such a distressing spectacle, came into without emotion the tender lullaby his this world innocent and helpless, and with mother used to sing to him? Yet the out habits, good or bad. It was his mother lullaby is denounced by the new science BE REGULAR A great 279 280 The Outing Magazine as a grievous error. You have often heard sleep when feeding time comes round, don't it said that the hand that rocks the cradle hesitate to arouse him. Keep him strictly is the hand that rules the world. The new to business during his meal, but if at any science boldly declares that the hand that time he shows a disposition to stop short rocks the cradle is the hand that spoils the of the customary allowance, let him. Ba- world. Babies shouldn't be rocked. bies have rights. Their little “tummies” Yes, it ruthlessly sweeps aside things know better than you when they need a about which cluster our most sacred mem rest. ories, does this new science; but it has re- DO NOT STERILIZE THE MILK wards to offer that more than compensate for the things it takes away. It saves the Nothing has been found that will quite lives of thousands of innocents. It eman take the place of mother's milk. Therefore cipates the mother from a thralldom that a mother should nurse her baby, if possible. frequently wrecks her nervous system and When it is not possible, the best substitute brings her to a premature old age. It is pure cow's milk raw, after it has been transforms the peevish, whining baby into duly modified in accordance with the age a little creature all smiles and sunshine of the child. Raw milk, however, is un- Out of the baby it forms a child all sweet safe for baby during warm weather, on ac- ness and charm. In the child it inculcates count of the germs that are sure to develop habits of self-reliance that will stand him in in it. Pasteurization, therefore, must be good stead when he grows up to encounter resorted to in summer. But don't sterilize the battle of life. the milk. Sterilized milk is now under a Will you not get in line with the modern ban. It has been discovered that in the ideas, all you mothers? Give the baby a process of sterilization the bone-forming chance--a chance to grow up healthy and qualities in the milk are destroyed along strong, a chance to develop his own in with the germs, and that infants fed upon dividuality, which is his most precious gift it for any length of time are likely, not only from God and with which you have not a to have soft bones, but rickets, scurvy and shadow of right to interfere. the most distressing diseases of the joints. Begin training him as soon as he is born. The difference between sterilized and pas- Establish at once regular hours for his feed teurized milk is simply in the degree of heat ing and sleeping. For the first four weeks to which they are submitted and the length feed him every two hours between 6 A.M. of time the heat is applied. Pasteuriza- and 6 P.M., once at 10 P.M. and once at 2 A.M. tion consists of heating the milk to 150 or After a month he should be fed every two 160 degrees Fahrenheit for thirty minutes. and a half hours between 6 A.M. and 6.30 Milk is sterilized by heating it to 212 de- P.M., with the two night feedings as before. grees for hour or an hour and a half. When he is two months old he presumably Give the baby a chance to form good requires stronger food and more of it, and sleeping habits. During the first few days from that time on he needs to be fed only of his existence he should sleep most of the every three hours from 6 A.M. to 6 P.M., time. As he grows older, his sleep during with an additional feeding at 10 P.M. the day will gradually diminish, but until Stick to this system though the heavens he gets to be a great, big child indeed he fall. A large amount of the fretfulness and should continue to have fully twelve hours' moaning of infants is due to stomach dis sleep at night. By the time he is one year orders brought on by feedings at irregular old the normal baby will take two naps in intervals and in irregular quantities. Once the daytime, totaling from two to three thoroughly established, the system will be hours. As he grows still older, he will take found to work admirably. Go into the only one nap in the day, and this habit Sloan Maternity Hospital in New York should be kept up until he is four or five at City, where it is in vogue, and you will see least. scores of newly born infants wake up like clockwork at the hours mentioned, and where silence had reigned there will be a Regular feedings will assist the baby's terrible rumpus until food is forthcoming sleeping. If he doesn't go to sleep at once, If your baby, however, should continue to let him alone. Supposing he does want to one DO NOT ROCK THE CRADLE 1 Give the Baby a Chance 281 make use of his eyes for a while longer! this as indicating the essential misery of that's his right. Under no circumstances life, but that's nonsense. That cry is na- ezer try to coax him to go to sleep. Never ture's wise provision to expand the little sing to him, never rock him, never walk lungs to the utmost, and fill them with air. with him, never lie on the bed with him But here is the important point: The baby, never resort to any device whatsoever to if he is to have good, strong, tough lung put him to sleep, and you never will have tissue, must go on screaming from fifteen to to; if you do it when he is young, you have thirty minutes every day. This is the nor- taken the first step toward making the mal cry. It is healthy and wholesome- baby a little tyrant and yourself his slave. the baby's exercise, in fact. If the mother Do it if you will, but when you get all run interferes with it, she is simply ruining the down from "taking care of "the baby, pray child to humor her own nerves. Among have the decency not to expect any sym the baby's rights is the right to a good, old- pathy. It is the baby who is entitled to fashioned, red-faced bawl, and please don't the sympathy. Not only have you started forget it. him on the road to impudent selfishness, But suppose it is the cry of pain? Well, but you have unduly hastened the develop find out what is making him uncomfortable. ment of his brain and seriously injured his Is there a pin sticking in him? Is his nervous system. It is not even necessary clothing rumpled under his body? Is his that things should be quiet when the baby napkin wet or soiled? Are his hands and goes to sleep. Let the usual noises go on, feet cold? Has he got colic, earache or and he will never have any difficulty in constipation? If any of these things are to sleeping among them. blame, you will only injure him by rocking, But, you say, supposing the baby cries walking him, dancing him up and down, or when he is put down for sleep? Ah! now giving him something to suck. Get at the we've come to a highly important part of care se and remove it. If necessary, send for our subject. Supposing the baby cries? the doctor. These remarks also apply to Well, there are cries and cries. Crying is the cry of illness. As for the cry of hunger, the baby's language; it is about his only you must remember that a false appetite means of expression. You, as a mother, is often engendered by irregular feedings. must learn to understand him. Baby cries You know what to do, then, if this cry is are divided into six classes—the normal cry sounded abnormally. and those of pain, temper, illness, hunger, and indulgence or habit. Here are some hints that will help you to distinguish these cries: And now as to the cry of temper and the Normal.—Loud and strong, and the cry of habit and indulgence. You don't nature of a scream; baby gets red in the have to be told, little mother, what these face with it. cries indicate. You know perfectly well Pain.–Usually strong and sharp, but they indicate you have made a false start. not generally continuous; it is accompanied You know that blessed baby is crying for by contortions of the features, drawing up a light in his room, to be rocked, to be of the legs and other symptoms of distress. carried about, for a bottle to be sucked, or Temper.-Loud and strong and usually to be indulged in some other bad habit you violent; accompanied by kicking or stiffen have been the means of his acquiring. ing of the body. Well, the thing has got to be checked right Illness.-Usually more of fretfulness and here and now. What are you going to do? moaning than real crying, although real There is only one thing to do if you are sat- crying is excited by very slight causes. isfied beyond a reasonable doubt that it is Hunger.—Usually a continuous, fretful the cry of temper or indulgence—don't go cry, rarely strong and lusty. near the little darling. Indulgence or habit.-Stops short when “What! let him cry?” Exactly. “But the baby gets what he wants, only to begin he will go on crying!” Well, God bless his again when the object is withdrawn. little soul! let him bawl it out if it takes one, Now you know that the baby comes into two, or even three hours. “You don't the world with a cry. Pessimists interpret really mean that?" Yes, I do. “But he LET HIM CRY 282 The Outing Magazine may hurt himself!” No, he won't. If he tossed up in the air. Very bad. Baby is a very young baby, you will see that his may laugh, and baby may crow; but by abdominal band is properly applied, and and by will come the inevitable wail and then there will be not the least danger of sleepless hours to tell of the over-stimulated rupture. And if he is more than a year brain and the severe tax on the nervous old, there will be no danger of rupture system. under any circumstances. “But what will DON'T SHOW OFF THE BABY happen if he goes on crying for three hours?” That's easy-he will stop. And Too great emphasis cannot be laid on what's more, it is ten to one that the next this matter of shielding the baby from time he cries from temper or indulgence, he excitement. Undoubtedly the temptation will keep it up for ten or fifteen minutes; to show him off is very great-he is such a and then, seeing it's no use, he will quit for cunning little dear, and he has such pretty good and all. tricks. But decide now. Is it your desire “Oh! but I never could stand to hear to gratify your pride or promote your ba- baby cry for three hours!” Why couldn't by's welfare? you?“It would break my heart! You It is a great mistake to handle an in- don't know anything about a mother's feel fant any more than necessary, not only ings! I love him so!" All tommyrot! If on the score of his nerves, but on that your husband is a man, he will step in and of his bones. Baby's bones, you know, give you the sharp, quick word of command. are soft; thus constant handling tends If you can't stand this ordeal, don't lay the to destroy the shapeliness of his body. flattering unction to your soul that it is be The greater part of his early life should be cause you love your baby; it is only be spent on the bed. When he gets tired of cause you are silly, weak and cowardly, lying in one position, gently roll him over the very qualities in you, no doubt, that without picking him up. When it is strict- have made the struggle with the baby ly necessary to lift him, there is only one necessary. Love isn't a sickening mush of way to do so without subjecting any part concession. Love is firm. Love is just. of his body to pressure or strain that may Love has good, red blood in its veins. endanger a delicate organ: With your right Looking ever to the ultimate good of its hand grasp his clothing just below his feet, object, love frequently decrees suffering and then spread out your left hand and and anguish of spirit. extend it along his spine until your palm And I tell you what, my dear madam: is supporting his back and your three mid- Some day, for his bad temper and impu dle fingers his neck and head. In this way dence, you are going to slap or spank that baby's clothing is made to form a hammock child you now are too tender-hearted to let in which he comfortably lies. cry. Yes, you are, just as sure as you are Nervous diseases are on the increase. born. And you won't slap him in love, Something must be done to stop it. You either! Think of the shame of it!—you say your baby was born nervous. In that are going to beat the child for the evil qual you are mistaken; but it may be that he ities that you yourself instilled in him. has inherited nervous tendencies. If that You are going to beat him in anger, there is the case, there rests upon you a double by making open confession that your duty to shield him from excitement. One mean, petty, starved nature has not enough good way to overcome his nervous ten- moral force by which to rule him. Shame! dencies is to overcome your own Shame! Vousness. Give the baby a chance to have a healthy A nervous mother infects her baby. She brain and nervous system. Do you realize should practice rigid self-control for his that his brain grows more during his first sake, if not for her own Many women year than in all his other years combined? are nervous because they take pride in it. That means, don't ever play with him dur. They have a silly idea that nervousness ing his first year, or let any one else play indicates some sort of superiority-refine- with him. “Kitchee-coo!” cries the visi ment, delicacy, or some other such rot. tor. “Oh, oo sweet, precious 'ittle dear!" If the average nervous woman, instead of And poor baby gets poked in the ribs and going around whining, “Oh, dear, I'm so ner- Give the Baby a Chance 283 DO NOT SHIRK YOUR DUTY THE DRUG HABIT nervous!” would brace up and say, “By God, I won't be nervous!” she would be Just a few words more. Mothers, yours cured in short order. And her baby's chances for success in life would be greatly sumption is, of course, that you have not is a tremendous responsibility. The as- increased. shifted it on to the shoulders of some stran- ger of a nurse girl. If you have, I am sorry you have read this article. You are Never will a mother, as she values her not worth talking to. Of those who realize future peace, give the restless baby sooth the blessed responsibility of motherhood ing syrups or other quieting drugs. Why? the question is asked: How are you meet- Why, for the simple reason that when their ing it? Are you being guided by your effect passes off they will leave the baby impulses or your judgment? Don't be a weaker and more excitable than ever. By fusser. Don't scurry to your baby as soon resorting to such means to gain a tempor as he opens his little mouth to cry-give ary peace, she is also implanting in him him a chance to stop of his own accord. the insidious drug habit, with all that it Don't drivel over him. Don't surfeit him is likely to lead to--whiskey, opium and with the sweets of affection, even as you morphine. If the baby's restlessness is due would not surfeit him with any other kind to some slight disorder, he can be safely of sweets. Love is gold, but gold must be soothed and quieted by a warm sponging alloyed to make good coin. Let the gold of of his entire body. Never under any cir your love be mixed with the iron of justice. cumstances give drugs of any kind what You must study. You must read up soever to a child without the advice of a on the subjects of fresh air, baths, exercise, physician. and clothing as they relate to babies. Your Another cause of nervousness in babies task is not easy-Heaven knows that is is too much amusement. Once more shall true! I am sorry if anything that has been it be said that among the most important said here has seemed unsympathetic. Still, rights of the new-born baby is the right to there is no reason why your task should be let alone. The sources of all the amuse not be altogether a delight, no reason why ments he needs are within himself, and all maternity should not be looked forward to he asks is for a chance to develop them in with rejoicing instead of dread. his own way. His fingers and toes-bless As it is never too late to mend, so is his little heart!--suffice to entertain him it never too early to start right. Guard for hours, and then comes the delight of against the first false steps. Correct your studying one by one the things he begins false steps as soon as they are made known to notice (of his own accord, be it under- Have a definite policy, and let it stood) in the little world that is gradually be a noble one. You are called to the unfolding to his developing senses. heights of self-sacrifice. You should be As he grows older, give him a chance to satisfied with no ideal short of that of feed his imagination by letting him have training your child-ah! bitter-sweet it only the simplest of toys, such as a soft will be-to become absolutely independent ball of bright color, a rubber doll and a Meanwhile take care of yourself. bright picture or two. It is really won As you are, so is your child likely to be- derful how a child, when left to himself, The influence of heredity is small; will invent method after method of getting the influence of environment is great. It is pleasure out of the simplest things. Not useless to teach your child to be one thing, only is he much happier with the simple and remain another thing yourself. The things, but he will not play with them be child is influenced by what you are, not by yond the limits of his endurance, and thus what you say. May this be your motto: he is never overtaxed by them as he is by My baby first and last, but myself for my the more elaborate toys. baby's sake. to you. of you. come. IN THE SECRET OF SUCCESS FEATS OF SKILL BY W. R. C. LATSON, M.D. T HE term "feats of skill," as used to gain strength, it was only necessary to here, signifies any of those athletic increase the size of the muscles. Happily, achievements which depend for it is now coming to be understood that their success upon the exercise of strength, physical strength depends far more upon skill and judgment. Pitching a ball, do the general health and the condition of the ing the giant swing on the horizontal bar, nerves than upon the size of the muscles. guarding the wicket in cricket, driving in The extreme development of the muscles is golf, serving in tennis, bowling, riding, now, I think, recognized by the general fencing, swimming-all these are feats of athletic world to be what it is, a fallacy, a skill. And to the mastery of these feats delusion and a snare. of skill enthusiastic young people, and To be strong, then, a man must have some less young, spend many hours of good health, good muscles and good nerves. wearisome and useless drill. It is to re And, of course, the first of these includes duce the amount of this drill, and to call the other two. To have efficient nerves attention to a factor in the performance of and healthy, normal muscles, one must feats of skill which is usually quite over have good blood; for it is out of the blood looked, that I shall devote this article. that the body is renewed. If the body By skill as shown in the various feats as a whole be sound and healthy, then the of sports, games and athletics, we mean organs which digest the food, which change a combination of three things: Muscular it into blood, which propel that blood strength, control of the body as a whole, through the body and which keep it clean and mental activity. A combination of -then those organs will do their work these three things in high degree will in properly and the result will be health. evitably give us a champion athlete. But If health be defective the blood will be he must have all three. The tripod can poor; and neither nerves nor muscles will not stand on one leg; and the athlete can be capable of doing their best work. Over- not depend for success upon any one thing. feeding, overwork, worry, errors in feed- Strength alone, control alone, good mental ing, deficient exercise, bad air—all these powers, any one or two of these will fail, and many other conditions that might be unless united with the others. If, how named render the blood less rich, less pure, ever, we develop by scientific methods all less able to do its work of cleansing and of them together, we shall in every case sustaining the body and its organs. Thus produce not only an athlete of exceptional they fail, and the health and muscular powers, but a man superbly equipped to strength are impaired. fight the battle of life. Next we have the matter of dexterity, To succeed, then, in feats of skill, the control in the handling of the body, as athlete must have these three things: a factor in the successful performance of Strength, control of his body and a good feats of skill. It is through this control of mind. And by what means can these es the body only that one can gain the high- sential elements of skill be developed? est degree of quickness, ease, precision and Among athletes and those interested in power, all four of which are essential in physical development, there was during athletic feats. Now in reality, all those many years the impression that, in order four factors in skill are one; and there are 284 The Secret of Success in Feats of Skill 285 certain exercises which, if properly and ing easily in wide, swinging, effortless cir- persistently practiced, will develop all of cles, finds it an easy matter to acquire pro- them. ficiency in almost any feat of skill, even if If we analyze for a moment any athletic he would not be remarkable for muscular feat-pitching a ball, wielding a racket or strength or for mental acuteness. For in- striking a blow-we shall find that it in- stance, among pugilists the hardest hit- volves all these four factors, quickness, ters have not been the strongest men, but ease, precision and power. Let us take, those who were notable, as was Fitzsim- for instance, that feat of skill which is per mons, for ease and quickness. The mas- haps of all athletic achievements the most ters of ring tactics have in every case been difficult-striking a blow in boxing. To remarkable during their best days for ra- get a clear idea of the real factors in the pidity and flexibility. Unfortunately the act of landing an effective blow will help methods of “training,” in general use tend us greatly to understand the art of skill as to so overdevelop and stiffen the muscles applied to athletic feats in general. For that few boxers retain for very long their what I say of the blow applies to all other original ease and quickness. Once lost, feats of skill. it is usually lost forever; and then the re- The blow must be given rapidly. Other markable champion joins the ranks of the wise it would lack “steam,” and then even “has beens," making room for his new and if it did find its mark the force would be unspoiled successor; who will, in turn, insufficient to damage a trained man. To under the influence of the usual training have such quickness the blow must have methods, soon grow slower, stiff and effort- ease, for a stiff, forced movement can never ful in movement, and will then be dis- be as rapid as one that is made easily and placed by still another. This ruining of lightly. The blow must be well aimed; it champions has been well illustrated in the must, in other words, have precision. A history of the light-weight pugilists for the blow which, if aimed with precision for the last few years. critical point upon the jaw, would send an In all feats of skill the influence of the opponent to the floor for the count, might mind is most important. To perform in land upon the shoulder without making thoroughly good style any difficult feat of him wink. And necessarily the blow, to be skill it is absolutely necessary that the effective, must have power that comes not mind must be free from fear, anxiety or from great outlay of muscular strength, nervousness. I knew once, years ago, a but from momentum and weight, from man who had been a bull fighter in Spain. swing. The secret of striking a blow lies During one of his glowing accounts of the to a great extent in the proper use of the sport 1 expressed my surprise that, he weight of the body. And to so control should have left the life. His reply was: and utilize the body there must be ease of “One day I was about to enter the ring, movement. and I had a little creepy feeling of fear. Thus we see that in the feat of skill Then I stopped for good. The man who known as striking a blow these four fac feels fear is sure to be killed.” tors-rapidity, ease, precision and force And it is equally true that the man who are essential; and that each one helps the fears is heavily handicapped, no matter others—that all combine to make a skill what the contest may be. Anxiety and ful boxer. nervousness are closely akin to fear; and Now, if I had described some other feat both are so powerful in their effect as to of skill-handling a tennis racket, doing the render it almost impossible for one to per- giant swing on the horizontal bar or mak form perfectly any difficult or delicate feat ing a good drive on the golf links, it would of skill. The man who is afraid or anxious have been equally clear that the four fac or nervous is almost sure to fail. tors-quickness, ease, exactness and force All emotions when intense have a power- were all just as essential. And underlying ful effect upon the muscles. This is plainly all of them is one thing-ease, flexibility seen in the tension of the muscles, clinch- of movement. The flexible, easy move ing of hands and arms as well as of the ment is rapid, exact and forceful; and the face in anger, in the spasmodic breathing athlete who has naturally the habit of mov of excitement, in the muscular weakness 286 The Outing Magazine and trembling of fear and in many other conditions that might be mentioned. Now in feats of skill of whatever nature, whether balancing, juggling, marksmanship, tum- bling or shot putting, it is necessary that just the right muscles must be used at just the right instant, and to just the right degree. When, however, the muscles are dis- turbed by emotional excitement, such delicate adjust- ment is impossible, and the probable result is failure. The mental state most conducive to success in games of skill is confident calmness. And by practice this state of mind may be made a habit—a habit most valuable in all games of skill, even in that game of skill called life. A volume might be written upon this subject; but enough, perhaps, has been said to show the immense importance of confi- dence and calmness, and that these can be cultivated by effort of will. And now the question will naturally be asked: “By what methods can we most quickly and easily gain the strength and bodily flexibility which are essential to success in feats of skill?” First of all by taking care of the general health. Secondly by forming the habit of easeful, flexible movement, and of then applying such effortless movement in going through the motions involved in the particu- lar feat of skill in which you purpose to excel. The careful and persistent practice of the exercises here presented will conduce most noticeably to the gen- eral health and nervous vitality, although to achieve or maintain health it will be necessary to give attention to several other things—diet, bathing and general care of the body. The main object, however, of these exercises is to develop flexibility—the power to direct the move- ments not so much by muscular power as by the natural swing of the body and limbs, reserving the muscular strength for the sudden effort of the crucial moment. For instance, in striking a blow there are four movements: a swaying of the body as a whole forward, a pivoting or rotation of the body in the direction of the mark, a pulling forward of the shoul- der and a straightening of the arm. Such a method enables the boxer to make the blow really with the large and powerful muscles of the legs and trunk, as well as to so utilize the weight of the body as to add force to the impact. Now the faster a body is moving, the more force will it exert. So the motion of striking a blow must be made rapidly. And, as we have seen, to move rapidly the body must be moved easily; at the moment of impact, however, when the blow lands, all the muscles of the body must be firmly set. For a moment only, then, the muscles are relaxed, so that the next motion, guard, counter or blow may be made most rapidly and with least expenditure of one's precious strength. And in all other feats of skill, whatever they be, we find the same alternation-relaxation and contraction, flexibility and tension. Unfortunately athletes have generally lost sight of the fact that it is far more necessary to train for flexibility than for power of muscle, and to this oversight may be attributed many failures at feats of skill. 5 3 The Secret of Success in Feats of Skill 287 Fig. 6. 8 7 The exercises given legs into the herewith may be prac movement, un- ticed as much as is de til the extreme sired. They cannot be forward move- overdone; they cannot ment is like fail in every case to in that depicted in crease health and vital force, and in time to No. 6.—Stand with feet greatly augment one's somewhat apart, arms hang- proficiency at all games ing, all muscles relaxed. of skill. Now begin to turn the body EXERCISE No. 1. gently from side to side as Stand easily, arms at on a pivot, allowing the the sides. Take full arms to swing as they will. breath, at the same time (See Fig. 7.) swaying the body for In all these exercises, save ward. Then, holding the the first, the one great ob- breath, stretch head upward and back- ject is to move as easily, as lightly and with ward and the arıms downward and back as much swing as possible. The less muscu- ward. (See Fig. 1.) Relax and return to lar force used the better. This method of position. handling the body may be afterward applied No. 2.—Place arms akimbo, finger tips to the performance of feats of skill with forward. Now bend head forward upon surprising results. the chest, and let body follow, at the same No. 7.—Tack up against the wall a time slowly inhaling breath. (See Fig. 2.) sheet of white paper upon which has been If this be done correctly, you will feel the made with black ink a small circle. Stand waist expand under your hands. After a near the wall, holding a lead pencil lightly moment exhale without holding and re in the right hand. Now with a free mo- turn to position. tion swing the arm up over the head, and No. 3.-Stand easily, one foot slightly as it sweeps downward try, without in any in advance of the other. Now swing the way interrupting the movement, to so arms easily up at the sides, swaying the direct it as to make a pencil mark through body forward until the arms are extended the circle. (See Fig. 8.) Try the same up over the head, at the same time inhaling in other directions, diagonally downward full breath. (See Fig. 3.) Then, without from left to right and from right toward holding the breath, swing the arms down the left, also by making a horizontal sweep ward, exhale the breath and bend the body, both from right to left and from left to quite collapsed, head and arms hanging right. The same may be tried upward, (See Fig. 4.) both directly and diagonally. No. 4.–Stand easily, feet somewhat In making this movement, the body apart, weight upon left foot. Now swing should also participate in the swing; and the left arm easily back and forth, allowing all the muscles should be kept as loose and it to sweep up higher and higher until it is relaxed as possible. passing forward and upward as high as After, by the practice of these move- shown in Fig. 5, backward as far as you ments, the athlete has gained the power can. Move body slightly in harmony. of moving easily, he is ready to apply Afterward take weight upon right foot this method of moving to the actual feat and swing right arm in the same way. in which he is interested. He should go No. 5.-Stand with arms hanging at the through the motions incidental to this sides, all the muscles relaxed. Begin to feat repeatedly, working only for ease and swing the arms slowly back and forth. freedom; and eventually he will find that Let the swing become wider and wider, in these simple motions lies the secret of throwing more and more of the body and success in feats of skill. PHOTOGRAPHING THE HERON FAMILY BY A. EARL MARR PHOTOGRAPHS BY THOMAS E. MARR I T was the summer before, when engaged small in diameter. This made climbing in doing some work on a country es difficult, and then the nests were built near tate, that I learned of the location of the tops. We soon discovered it would be the heron rookery, and, owing to the season quite out of the question to attempt to being too far advanced then, mentally made photograph the nests from the trees them- a note that I would pay the herons a visit selves. Accordingly, my assistant, who early the next summer, in season to study was "great on climbing,” began his climb, their family life. and succeeded in reaching the first nest only Early on the morning of the tenth of through his light weight and the tenacity May, I started on my mission, with an with which he hugged the trunk. The cord assistant who assured me that he was then came into use, and with that and "great on climbing"--and who afterward an old soft felt hat the eggs were carefully had a chance-an eight by ten camera, the lowered to the ground for photographing usual outfit of lenses, etc., and two dozen —then followed the nest. Afterward the plates. It might be wise to add here that nest was hauled back and craftily pressed when visiting herons wear old clothes. We into place again. found these, with rubber boots and a plen Upon our entrance into their domain tiful supply of stout cord, as essential as the the birds had quickly left the vicinity with camera. much loud squawking. Now a few, more After an hour's ride we reached the near bold than their fellows, carefully flew back, est station, and then followed a walk of but quickly left when they discovered that nearly two miles with a heavy load and the unwelcome visitors were still there. the temperature that of midsummer. The We explored still farther into the swamp rookery was located in a dense swamp, and found a seemingly endless number mostly spruce, with a bottom wet and of nests. Some trees contained but one, spongy. We had no uncertainty of mind though rarely; usually there were four, as to whether we were in the right place, or five and six-sometimes more. From the if the birds were at home. The noise, as tree tops, as far as one could see, nests were we attempted to crawl, push and scratch discernible, composed of dried branches our way in, was well-nigh deafening. and twigs; in size, perhaps, about a foot Our first trip was intended for photo and a half in diameter. The nests were graphing the eggs and nests, and it was with usually built from thirty to forty feet from some trepidation we prepared to ascend the the ground, and contained, at this time, all first tree, fearing that the hatching proc unhatched eggs and generally four in a ess might be too far advanced, thus los clutch, rarely five. After photographing ing us the first stage in the series planned. a sufficient number of specimens, we con- Our doubts were soon dissipated; the nest cluded to leave the rookery to the dutiful contained four eggs, about the size of hens' parents. eggs, and light green in color. Our next trip occurred on the first of The trees grew closely and were generally June, sufficient time having elapsed, we be- - 288 "We explored still farther into the swamp, and found a seemingly endless number of nests." **On this trip we found both eggs and young in the nests." They had the instinct of their fathers, really frightening one with their loud cries and repeated thrusts of bills.' "The young had now attained a fair growth, and in many cases were sitting out upon the limbs near to the nests. 294 The Outing Magazine lieved, to have caused a decided change in a most remarkable sense of caution and the families of the herons. This day was agility since my last visit, and it taxed my as hot as the first-it seemed heat and brain to discover some means to attain my herons were inseparable. The noise was object. The hat would certainly not an- apparently more deafening than on the swer the purpose; even if one put them in, previous trip, and we soon learned it was they would not stay put. One had to caused by their attention to their young catch them first, and therein lay the diffi- and quarreling among themselves. culty. They were forewarned before my The small vines and swamp growth had assistant had covered more than half the taken quite a start, and the place presented distance up the tree, and upon a closer ap- even more the appearance of an undis proach the youngsters, with a remarkable turbed wilderness. The old birds were just agility, would spring from limb to limb, as prone to leave the vicinity upon the en and in that way pass from tree to tree. trance of undesirable intruders, except that They used their long necks to great ad- they hovered rather longer above their vantage, jumping and hooking their heads young, and after many loud, penetrating over the limb aimed at, holding on in that squawks took themselves away to safer fashion while they clawed with their sharp realms, leaving their children to our care. nails until they gained the limb; and then On this trip, we found both eggs and the process was repeated with varying young in the nests. The oldest had ap success, but with much speed, nevertheless. parently celebrated their first birthdays I finally resorted to shaking the smaller about two weeks previously. The major trees, and in that way succeeded in event- ity were very young in days, but had the ually getting one down. This method was instinct of their fathers, really frightening repeated from farther up on the trees, and one with their loud cries and repeated after much time we collected sufficient for thrusts of bills. This time we had to exer our first sitting; and a most unwilling group cise more care in handling our subjects. of sitters it was. For a time they devoted Removing them from their nests, we care all their endeavors to striving to get away; fully placed them in the hat and lowered in the meantime keeping up a continual them—the nests followed. It was an easy squawking. Some, more fortunate than matter then to do the rest, and when the the others, succeeded in getting free, and tenants and their homes had been returned, then commenced a foot race, with all the the day's work was finished. honors to the chased. It is almost incred- Our third trip we planned for a date late ible with what swiftness they covered the enough to give the birds time to become ground — over fallen, rotted logs, across more fully grown, yet not quite large mud patches, under masses of growing enough to fly. vines and briers, through it all they sped, We left Boston on the first train on the trusting to bold speed rather than to the morning of June the tenth. The usual more timid hiding. Once the chase was heron weather prevailed-very hot. By started with the bird a few feet ahead, al- this time the swamp presented a most tan most near enough to grasp, it was practi- gled appearance, and we experienced con cally a sure thing that Master Heron was siderable difficulty in pushing our way in safe. and pulling our traps after us. The young Yet, withal, they were apparently a had now attained a fair growth, and in timid party, and I thought I might be able many cases were sitting out upon the limbs to do much with patience and gentle hand- near to the nests. ling. In this I was correct, and succeeded The usual diet is fish, and for the past in actually training them in a while so they three weeks this vicinity had been one vast lost their fright and evinced practically no boarding-house. What with the hot sun fear of their strange companion. They be- beating down upon the putrid fish and the came, from the most unruly of subjects, dead young—for very many of them die the most tractable of models, strange as it through natural causes and falling from the may seem. One in particular became es- nests—the odor was almost unbearable. pecially friendly, without the least sign of I found the older ones, which were more fear, remaining perfectly still in the posi- desirable for my purpose, had developed tions I placed him in for a minute or more *Succeeded in actually training them so that they lost their fright and evinced practically no fear of their strange companions.' "When they learned that they could sit quietly without danger, they took very readily to the new conditions." "They became, from the most unruly of subjects, the most tractable of models.' 298 The Outing Magazine 24 at a time. Before the work was finished distance. One quick dart, and it is over; I became much attached to the little ones, and our friend, the heron, assumes the same and wished that it were not impracticable statuelike pose—he is indeed a most pa- to take some of them home with me. At tient fisherman. this time we found no unhatched eggs, Now, a word to the amateur who may though many grim evidences of tragedies pay a visit to a heron rookery. First, let -the suspended bodies of the young hang me impress upon the mind that one must ing by the necks, with the heads caught in undergo some few hardships; yet, if you the crotches of the trees, a monument to enjoy nature, you will be surprised with over-zealous ambition. the amount of pleasure you will derive When we had finished with our subjects, from your experiences. Attention to a few we placed them upon some of the lower important details, and your trip should be limbs below their nests, and they lost little successful. Wear old clothes; such ones time in seeking their familiar quarters. as you can throw away when your work is It might be interesting to know how I completed, for it is more than likely that began the training so they would pose. you will wish to. Rubber boots will usual- This I did by placing their feet on a limb ly be found desirable; some long, stout cord already chosen, and held them in that posi- and an old soft hat, or something equiva- tion for a little while, then released my lent, for lowering eggs and young. hold very gently. This had to be repeated One should be a good climber, though a number of times, until finally they ceased that might be overcome by the use of a pair to struggle. When they learned that they of lineman's climbers. If one is desirous could sit quietly without danger, they took of doing much of this work, it would be very readily to the new conditions. much better to have a pair made for one. We experienced some difficulty, owing to This can be done at a slight cost, having the very soft and spongy ground, in adjust the spurs longer so that they will penetrate ing the camera, and I would suggest to those through the bark and imbed firmly in the attempting a like feat to provide them solid wood, thus saving a fall when the bark selves with some small, light boards, just gives away. If the spurs are placed at the large enough to answer for the legs of the instep, and slightly under, with the spurs tripod to rest on and yet broad enough to inward and downward, you need not fear prevent the legs from settling down into the tallest tree. the swamp. Of course, the exposures were Concerning the camera, by all means use generally long, the place being much shad one with which you can focus on your ob- owed by trees. ject carefully, without guessing. The size Each year, regularly, this colony of great is a personal matter, although the large black-crowned night herons appears and plate is a great advantage. monopolizes completely their section of the I can especially recommend this branch swamp. of photography to amateurs, feeling sure The nearest feeding ground is the salt that they will find it interesting sport. By water creeks near the old town of Ipswich, using care in focusing, good judgment in Massachusetts, five miles from the rookery. giving the proper length of exposure and Their diet is mainly small fish, caught by exercising plenty of patience with your standing perfectly motionless on the flats subject, who seems unduly modest about in a few inches of water, watching keenly, publicity, striking results can be obtained without turning the head, for some luck -ample to repay you fully for the trials less fish who may come within catching and hardships endured. EDIA 0 Drawing by Hy. S. Watson. WHERE THE BIG FISH ARE - SALMON FISHING ON THE FORTEAU, LABRADOR BY LAWRENCE MOTT ELL, Jack, here's for fly gently as it hung in the bubbles of a big the first fish on eddy. the Labrador!” "Got one!” I shouted as I felt a surge on I stood on the the rod; the fish had taken the Jock under W bank of the river, water, making no swirl on the surface. whose clear waters “Curious fish, Dawson!” The line cut rushed foaming back and forth across the current with an and tumbling at audible humming, and the fish hugged the my feet. Just be deep water close; not a run, not a jump low me was what even, only this peculiar zigzag motion, we had named the “Sea Pool”; an ideal bit and it was continued for several minutes. of water. At its head a long, even rapid "He's got to get out of that!” I walked sparkled in the sunlight, very quick water down as far as I could and tried to swing at the top, slowing down to a deeper and the fish up stream. No use! I could not heavier current below. There was plenty steer him, nor influence him in the least. of room for the back cast, and a level bot This may be thought strange; I should tom to wade out on. I breathed the crisp have told you that I am a great believer in air with a sense of exhilaration, and lin the use of the lightest tackle possible. The gered, enjoying my anticipation to the rod I had in hand was an eight-ounce utmost. Leonard, ten feet long; the line was next “There's a fish, sir, and a good one!” to the smallest waxed taper that I could Dawson pointed to a widening lot of rip- get, and the reel a medium-sized Vom ples. I looked my flies over; the air was Hofe (trout). Therefore, it will be under- clear and the bottom light-colored. “About stood when I say that I was powerless with a No. 10 Jock this morning, Jack?" my criss-crossing friend. “That will do, I think, sir," my head guide, “Heave a rock at him, Jack, move him philosopher and friend replied. I looped somehow!” I called back to Dawson, who the small fly on a medium weight gray was leaning on the gaff and watching this leader and waded out. Ye fishermen that new continuous performance with interest. love the casting of a fly, that glory in the He threw a stone accurately. first cast of the season, can appreciate my “That fixed him!” Indeed it did! feelings and my thoughts. I lengthened Whir-r-r-r-r! Z-1-1-1-pp! a wild rush and the line to thirty feet and cast obliquely a beautiful curving leap way up above me. across the fast water; the fly circled beau “A buster!" I yelled at the sight of the tifully and I kept my tip in slight motion. deep shoulder and gleaming length. By “There he is !” Dawson whispered as this time the salmon was almost at the foot a flash of silvered sides and the flirt of a of the pool, and still going; I checked him wide black tail showed that our friend was a little, but he kept on down. watching. I drew the fly in slowly. “Got to get after him now," Dawson “Better rest him a minute; a twenty advised. I waited a moment longer, hop- pounder if an ounce!" quoth I, and hold ing to turn the fish, then I splashed my ing a few feet of line in my hand I made a way ashore, slipping and stumbling in my short cast directly below me, twitching the mad haste, and footed it at a good pace. - - 1 300 Salmon Fishing on the Forteau, Labrador 301 Time I did so! I only had a little line left, over the surface; the line led directly on and His Majesty never hesitated or swerved it, and I dared not try to work it off for in his course. “He's bound for the sea!” fear of fraying it, in which case, good-by to Dawson chuckled, and I commenced to His Majesty. I sized up the situation and worry; the salt water was but two hun saw that the only thing to do was to get dred yards below us. Once there I was across the stream-but how? The water snubbed, as a steep rock shelf blocked the was very swift and deep unless I went up way for farther chasing. “Now or never,” to the top, and that would entail a sure I thought, and held hard. The light line necessity of sawing the line. No, I must sung with the strain, and I had to straighten wade it here! the rod or run the risk of getting a cast in “Come and get my fly boxes, Jack; it it; I gritted my teeth and prepared for the may be a case of swimming," I shouted. sickening snap that I dreaded at each sec Dawson relieved me of those, also of my ond-but the gods were kind. The pull broad hat and sweater, and I started. The was too much for the big fellow; he turned water was very cold, and the bottom slip- like a flash and came at me furiously; I pery as the mischief; a few yards and I was reeled in like mad, running backward up in to my armpits, and the bottom fast re- the beach as I did so, and more by good luck ceding from my face! I had gone in below than good management, kept a tight line on the fish and slackened up on the line so as him. Up, up, up and still up stream he not to disturb him. “Now for swim!” and went at a great rate, I after him. Then he swim I did as best I could with one hand, began to jump! And such jumps they holding the rod up with the other. It were! Worth going ten thousand miles wasn't far to go and I paddled on desper- for! Long leaps, short ones, then a skat ately and struck bottom twenty-five yards ing effect along the surface with the spray below where I had gone in. I dripped and foam glistening, and drops flying high ashore, shivering. in the sunlight and shining like globules "Ah, there, friend, it's up to you again!" of mercury. Back somersaults, forward Unconsciously I spoke aloud to the fish, twists, everything that a fish could do this and Dawson laughed. “Go above and one did. I have never experienced any come across!” I shouted, which he did. salmon play equal to it either on the Res Very carefully this time I coaxed the tigouche or any other famous salmon salmon away from his rock and got him waters. This fish seemed imbued with a into clear water. He took two short runs doggedness and deviltry that was superb; and another "skitter," and another "skitter," then came in I had fought him hard for fifty minutes, tamely. "Now, Jack!" A flutter of foam, in heavy water, keeping below him most a lift, and he was on the beach! I laid the of the fight, and yet he did not show any rod down and knelt over him, lingering on signs of tiring. the glorious colors and scintillating scales, Once I thought that the end was near; and dreaming, yet realizing the joy of it the fish was lying out in the quickest water, all. cleverly playing the current against me; I “Afine fish, sir." Dawson's voice“woke" picked up a pebble and started him, as I imagined, for Dawson and the gaff. Nearer “Weigh him." Jack brought out the and nearer I led him. “A cracker-jack,' dear old instrument that had recorded Dawson announced, peering through the many, many pounds of the king of fish in stream. I could see the long, dark shape, varied and widespread waters. and a vision of the first salmon of the sea "Twenty-two and a half, sir." son lying at my feet rose before me—and Ah, that was a fish! A nervy fighter, a nearly cost me the fish! I hurried him a schemer with a will that only gave out bit too much, and tried to drag him within when its shell could do no more; superb reach of the gaff; instantly that he felt the in life, beautiful in death. extra pressure, and realized that he was in “That's enough for the morning. I am shoal water, he gave a mighty surge, a going to take a walk and a look at the river quick lunge, and there he was out in the above. Tell the others that I will be back pool again, but, misery of miseries, behind in an hour or so, and ask Mr. to come a sharp ledge that projected black and ugly out on this pool; he is sure of fish,” I said. me. 302 The Outing Magazine Dawson looked reproachfully at me. Dear took his fly and I heard the merry song Jack! Ever since I was a wee bit of a chap of the reel. With that freedom of fisher- he has looked after me on our trips after men, I yelled sundry advices to him such the salmon. Aye, more than looked after as: “Keep him up! Work him up- me, but he did love to see lots of fish on the stream!” and then, because I saw that the beach! That is when he and I had tiffs. fish-a good one it was--inclined strongly “I know what is on your mind, lad,” toward “that cussed rapid,” | tumbled 1 teased. “Never mind, we have three down the bank beside him. months on this coast and are going to try "Hold as hard as you dare, and swing every river worth trying, and there will be your rod out stream,” I suggested. He plenty of fish.” did so, and the salmon turned back. "Humph!" he grunted, "come way up “Thanks,” he called, and I sat on a here on this trip, and now that fish are bowlder to see the fun. Round and round, fairly leapin' for the fly you stop at one!” up and down, over and across, out of water and he walked off, still muttering. and in-another devil such as mine had I went up to the top of the pool, and been. Although my pal had never killed climbed the bank on to the moss and tun a salmon, he handled this one exceedingly dra barren. The Forteau River comes to well. I ventured a word now and then, but the sea from a system of lakes in the in not often. At last the big fish tired, and terior, and for fifteen miles its lower reaches the gaffer did a pretty job. We danced a lie in a valley or cleft in the barrens. The miniature fling and then I left and con- day was glorious, and I breathed the very tinued up river. breath of immortality as I wandered slow In an hour I came to the first of the ly onward, following the river. Series of lakes. It shone blue and dancing before quick waters, with long, fascinating and me, and stretched away a mile or more delightfully tempting pools between them, to the northeast. There I stopped and met my eager eye at every turn. The gazed with scenic-saturated eyes toward the water was so limpid and wondrous clear looming mountains of the Labrador that that I could see the dark outlines of salmon raised their tall heads above the level bar- lying behind their rocks; I tossed little rens. A fine pool lay at the foot of the stones into the pools and watched the big rapid out of the lake, and as I watched, fish and the grilse scurry about, then settle salmon after salmon rose in sportiveness, quietly back to their places. Overhead, creating wide swirls and bulging ripples great billowy masses of white clouds bellied that flowed away to the pebbled shores. and rolled across the heavens, their tops Among these big rises were many of the dazzling in the sun, their under sides gray heavy sea trout, of which thousands wend and deep blue in the shadows; their out their way up river to the spawning grounds. lines mirrored on the river and turning When I returned I found that the rest its water dark-colored — sometimes in the of the party had had fine sport, and a num- deepest pools it seemed quite black. It ber of large fish reposed in the little stone- was only for a few moments, though; then bound fish-pond that we had made for this the sun streamed out again and six feet of purpose. Several big trout were among water seemed but a scant foot. The light the lot; one of six and three-quarters was north wind blew from over the distant especially to be admired. The “crowd” blue-hazed mountains with a suggestion were happy, I was happy, we were all of far-off snows, and it waved the heather happy but poor old Jack, who still mur- pines on the banks with gentle whisper mured that "the Captain” (my nickname) ings. "didn't fish as he should ought to!” “Hello, you!" I called to J. K. H., as I The camp was situated on the river at came on to the bank below which he was the top of the Sea Pool rapid, and the roar casting industriously. “How's the luck?” of the quick water sounded lullingly in our “Rotten, den it! I've lost four fish, one after the other; can't seem to keep “Give us an idea of your theories of this ’em above that cussed rapid,” he shouted, kind of salmon fishing,” the crowd asked, pointing to the stiffish white water below so I proceeded to tell them what little I him. As he spoke, I saw a fish gleam as it knew of the salmon lures of the far North. ears. - Salmon Fishing on the Forteau, Labrador 303 “The first and great thing to learn is to to sixteen foot rods that you have. The reconcile yourselves to using small flies. rivers like this one we are on, up in this It is very true that you lose many fish by country and in Newfoundland, average so doing, but it is worthy of remembering small, and you can reach all over with a that you will hook far more fish by using Leonard such as I am using. It's all very mall flies than you will in adorning your well to say that I am prejudiced toward leader with No. 6's and 4's. Also burden light rods, but the fact remains that I am your minds with the fact that it is always not. What I want is the sport that is ob- well to approach a pool with due caution. tained in using light tackle. It is more Don't blunder on to its very edge and sportsmanlike, and gives your fish a de- then cuss because you do not get a rise; cent chance to fight you. That, to me, is the fish often lie close to the banks, espe the whole pleasure; to know, unless one cially in the early morning when the sun is very careful, and handles his fish with a warms the shallows a bit, and if you will glove, so to speak, that the fish is very curb your impatience to reach the more liable to carry away everything and leave tempting water you will find, I think, that one minus the whole outfit. This is the many fish will rise to you much nearer the sort of feeling I crave. Just one more sug- shore than you would suppose. Always gestion: Don't kill fish for the sake of cast athwart the current, say at an angle killing! There is no use in slaughtering of forty-five degrees; let your fly swing them just because they rise plentifully to with the stream, and move the tip of your your your fly; in using these small flies it is only rod up and down with a slight and always one fish in a hundred that is hooked in the regular motion. Don't try to reach all tongue. Look at that fish-pond! There over the pool from one spot. A forty to are enough salmon there to feed an army, fifty foot cast is plenty; then when you and what earthly good are they to us? have covered that water carefully (never Would it not have been better to have had hurry over your water) move down the your sport with them, and then instead length of your last cast and begin over of gaffing the poor devils that afforded you again. Above all, never let yourself be that sport to have beached them and let come restless and impatient, and cast over them go? I shall not gaff another fish this a fish that you have risen at once! season!” (Growls from Jack in the back- "You will find by disappointing experi- ground.) I waited. ence, as I have, that nine times out of ten a "We're with you,” they shouted; "no fish that is of any weight at all will not rise more salmon gaffed or killed unless we need again if he sees the fly he missed but a sec them to eat!” I bowed my acknowledg- ond before float over him in so short a time. ments. In all my fishing of these northern waters It was time for supper. Behind the I have found that the Jock Scott is the first camp the sunset colors were glorious, and choice, be the day bright or dark. Next changed with shifting hues as we watched comes the Silver Doctor. On some riv them. The first night in the wilderness ers, especially in Newfoundland, the Silver is always the acme of delight and comfort Doctor is a most killing fly; indeed on that one longs for during the tedious win- the Upper Humber, the Little and Grand ter months. And as we sat by the fire Codroy, Fischell's, and the Barrachois riv that shone ruddy and warm in our faces, ers in Newfoundland, this fly is preferable and watched the guides' shadows lengthen even to the Jock. Farther down the list and shorten as they moved about the of preferences come the Durham Ranger, flames, we were truly indescribably hap- Brown Fairy and Black Dose; always re py. There were no sand flies to bother membering that sizes eight to twelve are us, and we sat there till long into the night by far the greatest takers. Another thing: talking, singing and counting the falling you fellows have great heavy Forest rods; stars that flashed and trailed across the you can see for yourselves that they are twinkling heavens. Then, one by one, the not necessary, can't you? Use light rods, crowd turned in, and one by one the fires anywhere from seven to twelve ounces. went out, leaving but the star darkness They are plenty powerful enough, and will shining mystically on our five-tent camp give you far more sport than the fourteen on Forteau River, Labrador. cheon Drawing by Frank E. Schoonover. "In the full glare of the afternoon light, crouching in the entrance of the cave, the cubs saw the lynx mother." WHITE FANG* BY JACK LONDON ILLUSTRATED BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER PART II-BORN OF THE WILD THE BATTLE OF THE FANGS I' CHAPTER I of the pack; but she had other troubles. On her other side ran a gaunt old wolf, grizzled and marked with the scars of many T was the she-wolf who had first caught battles. He ran always on her right side. the sound of men's voices and the The fact that he had but one eye, and that whining of the sled-dogs; and it was the left eye, might account for this. He, the she-wolf who was first to spring away also, was addicted to crowding her, to from the cornered man in his circle of dying veering toward her till his scarred muzzle flame. The pack had been loath to forego touched her body, or shoulder, or neck. the kill it had hunted down, and it lingered As with the running mate on the left, she for several minutes, making sure of the repelled these attentions with her teeth; sounds, and then it, too, sprang away on but when both bestowed their attentions the trail made by the she-wolf. at the same time she was roughly jostled, Running at the forefront of the pack was being compelled, with quick snaps to a large gray wolf-one of its several leaders. either side, to drive both lovers away and It was he who directed the pack's course at the same time to maintain her forward on the heels of the she-wolf. It was he who leap with the pack and see the way of her snarled warningly at the younger members feet before her. At such times her run- of the pack or slashed at them with his ning mates flashed their teeth and growled fangs when they ambitiously tried to pass threateningly across at each other. They him. And it was he who increased the might have fought, but even wooing and pace when he sighted the she-wolf, now its rivalry waited upon the more pressing trotting slowly across the snow. hunger-need of the pack. She dropped in alongside by him, as After each repulse, when the old wolf though it were her appointed position, and sheered abruptly away from the sharp- took the pace of the pack. He did not toothed object of his desire, he shouldered snarl at her, nor show his teeth, when any against a young three-year-old that ran on leap of hers chanced to put her in advance his blind right side. This young wolf had of him. On the contrary, he seemed kindly attained his full size; and, considering the disposed toward her--too kindly to suit weak and famished condition of the pack, her, for he was prone to run near to her, he possessed more than the average vigor and when he ran too near it was she who and spirit. Nevertheless, he ran with his snarled and showed her teeth. Nor was head even with the shoulder of his one- she above slashing his shoulder sharply on eyed elder. When he ventured to run occasion. At such times he betrayed no abreast of the older wolf (which was sel- anger. He merely sprang to the side and dom), a snarl and a snap sent him back ran stiffy ahead for several awkward leaps, even with the shoulder again. Some- in carriage and conduct resembling an times, however, he dropped cautiously and abashed country swain. slowly behind and edged in between the This was his one trouble in the running old leader and the she-wolf. This was * Copyright, 1905, by Jack London. doubly resented, even triply resented. 305 306 The Outing Magazine When she snarled her displeasure, the old and palmated antlers they knew, and they leader would whirl on the three-year-old. flung their customary patience and caution Sometimes she whirled with him. And to the wind. It was a brief fight and fierce. sometimes the young leader on the left The big bull was beset on every side. He whirled, too. ripped them open or split their skulls with At such times, confronted by three sets shrewdly driven blows of his great hoofs. of savage teeth, the young wolf stopped He crushed them and broke them on his precipitately, throwing himself back on his large horns. He stamped them into the haunches, with fore legs stiff, mouth'men snow under him in the wallowing struggle. acing, and mane bristling. This confusion But he was foredoomed, and he went down in the front of the moving pack always with the she-wolf tearing savagely at his caused confusion in the rear. The wolves throat, and with other teeth fixed every- behind collided with the young wolf and where upon him, devouring him alive, be- expressed their displeasure by administer fore ever his last struggle ceased or his ing sharp nips on his hind legs and flanks. last damage had been wrought. He was laying up trouble for himself, for There was food in plenty. The bull lack of food and short tempers went to weighed over eight hundred pounds—fully gether; but with the boundless faith of twenty pounds of meat per mouth for the youth he persisted in repeating the maneu forty-odd wolves of the pack. But if they ver every little while, though it never suc could fast prodigiously they could feed ceeded in gaining anything for him but prodigiously, and soon a few scattered discomfiture. bones were all that remained of the splen- Had there been food, love-making and did live brute that had faced the pack a fighting would have gone on apace, and few hours before. the pack formation would have been broken There was now much resting and sleep- up. But the situation of the pack was ing. With full stomachs, bickering and desperate. It was lean with long-standing quarreling began among the younger males, hunger. It ran below its ordinary speed. and this continued through the few days At the rear limped the weak members, the that followed before the breaking-up of the very young and the very old. At the pack. The famine was over. The wolves front were the strongest. Yet all were were now in the country of game, and more like skeletons than full-bodied wolves. though they still hunted in pack, they Nevertheless, with the exception of the hunted more cautiously, cutting out heavy ones that limped, the movements of the cows or crippled old bulls from the small animals were effortless and tireless. Their moose-herds they ran across. stringy muscles seemed founts of inexhaus There came a day, in this land of plenty, tible energy. Behind every steel-like con when the wolf-pack split in half and went traction of a muscle lay another steel-like in different directions. The she-wolf, the contraction, and another and another, ap young leader on her left, and the one-eyed parently without end. elder on her right, led their half of the pack They ran many miles that day. They down to the Mackenzie River and across ran through the night. And the next day into the lake country to the east. Each found them still running. They were run day this remnant of the pack dwindled. ning over the surface of a world frozen and Two by two, male and female, the wolves dead. No life stirred. They alone moved were deserting. Occasionally a solitary through the vast inertness. They alone male was driven out by the sharp teeth of were alive, and they sought for other things his rivals. In the end there remained only that were alive in order that they might four: the she-wolf, the young leader, the devour them and continue to live. one-eyed one, and the ambitious three- They crossed low divides and ranged a year-old. dozen small streams in a lower-lying coun The she-wolf had by now developed a try before their quest was rewarded. Then ferocious temper. Her three suitors all they came upon moose. It was a big bull bore the marks of her teeth. Yet they they first found. Here was meat and life, never replied in kind, never defended and it was guarded by no mysterious fires themselves against her. They turned nor flying missiles of flame. Splay hoofs their shoulders to her most savage slashes, White Fang 307 and with wagging tails and mincing steps cough. Bleeding and coughing, already strove to placate her wrath. But if they stricken, he sprang at the elder and fought were all mildness toward her, they were while life faded from him, his legs going all fierceness toward one another. The weak beneath him, the light of day dulling three-year-old grew too ambitious in his on his eyes, his blows and springs falling fierceness. He caught the one-eyed elder shorter and shorter. on his blind side and ripped his ear into And all the while the she-wolf sat on her ribbons. Though the grizzled old fellow haunches and smiled. She was made glad could see only on one side, against the in vague ways by the battle, for this was youth and vigor of the other he brought the love-making of the Wild, the sex-trag- into play the wisdom of long years of ex edy of the natural world that was tragedy perience. His lost eye and his scarred only to those that died. To those that muzzle bore evidence to the nature of his survived it was not tragedy, but realization experience. He had survived too many and achievement. battles to be in doubt for a moment about When the young leader lay in the snow what to do. and moved no more, One Eye stalked over The battle began fairly, but it did not to the she-wolf. His carriage was one of end fairly. There was no telling what the mingled triumph and caution. He was outcome would have been, for the third plainly expectant of a rebuff, and he was wolf joined the elder, and together, old just as plainly surprised when her teeth leader and young leader, they attacked the did not flash out at him in anger. For the ambitious three-year-old and proceeded to first time she met him with a kindly man- destroy him. He was beset on either side ner. She sniffed noses with him, and even by the merciless fangs of his erstwhile condescended to leap about and frisk and comrades.' Forgotten were the days they play with him in quite puppyish fashion. had hunted together, the game they had And he, for all his gray years and sage ex- pulled down, the famine they had suffered. perience, behaved quite as puppyishly and That business was a thing of the past. even a little more foolishly. The business of love was at hand-ever a Forgotten already were the vanquished sterner and crueler business than that of rivals and the love tale red-written on the food-getting snow. Forgotten, save once, when old And in the meanwhile the she-wolf, the One Eye stopped for a moment to lick his cause of it all, sat down contentedly on her stiffening wounds. Then it was that his haunches and watched. She was lips half writhed into a snarl, and the hair pleased. This was her day—and it came of his neck and shoulders involuntarily not often—when manes bristled, and fang bristled, while he half-crouched for a smote fang or ripped and tore the yielding spring, his claws spasmodically clutching flesh, all for the possession of her. into the snow surface for firmer footing. And in the business of love the three But it was all forgotten the next moment year-old, who had made this his first ad as he sprang after the she-wolf, who was venture upon it, yielded up his life. On coyly leading him a chase through the either side of his body stood his two rivals. woods. They were gazing at the she-wolf, who sat After that they ran side by side, like good smiling in the snow. But the elder leader friends who have come to an understand- was wise, very wise, in love even as in bat- ing. The days passed by, and they kept tle. The younger leader turned his head together, hunting their meat and killing to lick a wound on his shoulder. The and eating it in common. After a time curve of his neck was turned toward his the she-wolf began to grow restless. She rival. With his one eye the elder saw the seemed to be searching for something that opportunity. He darted in low and closed she could not find. The hollows under with his fangs. It was a long, ripping fallen trees seemed to attract her, and she slash, and deep as well. His teeth, in spent much time nosing about among the passing, burst the wall of the great vein of larger snow-piled crevices in the rocks and the throat. Then he leaped clear. in the caves of overhanging banks. Old The young leader snarled terribly, but One Eye was not interested at all, but he his snarl broke midmost into a tickling followed her good-naturedly in her quest, even 308 The Outing Magazine and when her investigations in particular Eye, but every detail of which the she- places were unusually protracted he would wolf knew. lie down and wait until she was ready to She was strangely stirred, and sniffed go on. and sniffed with an increasing delight. They did not remain in one place, but But old One Eye was doubtful. He be- traveled across country until they regained trayed his apprehension, and started ten- the Mackenzie River, down which they tatively to go. She turned and touched slowly went, leaving it often to hunt game his neck with her muzzle in a reassuring along the small streams that entered it, way, then regarded the camp again. A but always returning to it again. Some new wistfulness was in her face, but it was times they chanced upon other wolves, not the wistfulness of hunger. She was usually in pairs; but there was no friendli thrilling to a desire that urged her to go ness of intercourse displayed on either side, forward, to be in closer to that fire, to be no gladness at meeting, no desire to return squabbling with the dogs and to be avoid- to the pack formation. Several times they ing and dodging the stumbling feet of men. encountered solitary wolves. These were One Eye moved impatiently beside her; always males, and they were pressingly her unrest came back upon her, and she insistent on joining with One Eye and his knew again her pressing need to find the mate. This he resented, and when she thing for which she searched. She turned stood shoulder to shoulder with him, brist and trotted back into the forest, to the ling and showing her teeth, the aspiring great relief of One Eye, who trotted a little solitary ones would back off, turn tail, and to the fore until they were well within the continue on their lonely way. shelter of the trees. One moonlight night, running through As they slid along, noiseless as shadows, the quiet forest, One Eye suddenly halted. in the moonlight, they came upon a run- His muzzle went up, his tail stiffene and way. Both noses went down to the foot- his nostrils dilated as he scented the air. prints in the snow. These footprints were One foot also he held up, after the manner very fresh. One Eye ran ahead cautiously, of a dog. He was not satisfied, and he his mate at his heels. The broad pads of continued to smell the air, striving to their feet were spread wide and in contact understand the message borne upon it to with the snow were like velvet. One Eye him. One careless sniff had satisfied his caught sight of a dim movement of white mate, and she trotted on to reassure him. in the midst of the white. His sliding gait Though he followed her, he was still du had been deceptively swift, but it was as bious, and he could not forbear an occasional nothing to the speed at which he now ran. halt in order more carefully to study the Before him was bounding the faint patch warning. of white he had discovered. She crept out cautiously on the edge of They were running along a narrow alley a large open space in the midst of the trees. flanked on either side by a growth of young For some time she stood alone. Then One spruce. Through the trees the mouth of Eye, creeping and crawling, every sense on the alley could be seen, opening out on a the alert, every hair radiating infinite sus moonlit glade. Old One Eye was rapidly picion, joined her. They stood side by overhauling the fleeing shape of white. . side, watching and listening and smelling. Bound by bound he gained. Now he was To their ears came the sounds of dogs upon it. One leap more and his teeth wrangling and scuffling, the guttural cries would be sinking into it. But that leap of men, the sharper voices of scolding was never made. High in the air, and women, and once the shrill and plaintive straight up, soared the shape of white, now cry of a child. With the exception of the a struggling snowshoe rabbit that leaped huge bulks of the skin lodges, little could and bounded, executing a fantastic dance be seen save the flames of the fire, broken there above him in the air and never once by the movements of intervening bodies, returning to earth. and the smoke rising slowly on the quiet One Eye sprang back with a snort of air. But to their nostrils came the myriad sudden fright, then shrank down to the smells of an Indian camp, carrying a story snow and crouched, snarling threats at this that was largely incomprehensible to One thing of fear he did not understand. But White Fang 309 THE LAIR the she-wolf coolly thrust past him. She It was his mate who relieved him from poised for a moment, then sprang for the the quandary in which he found himself. dancing rabbit. She, too, soared high, but She took the rabbit from him, and while not so high as the quarry, and her teeth the sapling swayed and teetered threaten- clipped emptily together with a metallic ingly above her she calmly gnawed off the snap. She made another leap, and another. rabbit's head. At once the sapling shot Her mate had slowly relaxed from his up, and after that gave no more trouble, crouch and was watching her. He now remaining in the decorous and perpendicu- evinced displeasure at her repeated fail lar position in which nature had intended it ures, and himself made a mighty spring to grow. Then between them the she-wolf upward. His teeth closed upon the rab and One Eye devoured the game which the bit, and he bore it back to earth with him. mysterious sapling had caught for them. But at the same time there was a suspicious There were other runways and alleys crackling movement beside him, and his where rabbits were hanging in the air, and astonished eye saw a young spruce sapling the wolf pair prospected them all, the she- bending down above him to strike him. wolf leading the way, old One Eye follow- His jaws let go their grip, and he leaped ing and observant, learning the method of backward to escape this strange danger, robbing snaresma knowledge destined to his lips drawn back from his fangs, his stand him in good stead in the days to throat snarling, every hair bristling with come. rage and fright. And in that moment the sapling reared its slender length upright and CHAPTER II the rabbit soared dancing in the air again. The she-wolf was angry. She sank her fangs into her mate's shoulder in reproof; For two days the she-wolf and One Eye and he, frightened, unaware of what con hung about the Indian camp. He was stituted this new onslaught, struck back worried and apprehensive, yet the camp ferociously and in still greater fright, rip- lured his mate and she was loath to depart. ping down the side of the she-wolf's muz But when, one morning, the air was rent zle. For him to resent such reproof was with the report of a rifle close at hand, and equally unexpected to her, and she sprang a bullet smashed against a tree trunk sev- upon him in snarling indignation. Then eral inches from One Eye's head, they he discovered his mistake and tried to pla- hesitated no more, but went off on a long, cate her. But she proceeded to punish swinging lope that put quick miles between him roundly, until he gave over all at them and the danger. tempts at placation, and whirled in a circle, They did not go far-a couple of days' his head away from her, his shoulders re journey. The she-wolf's need to find the ceiving the punishment of her teeth. thing for which she searched had now be- In the meantime the rabbit danced come imperative. She was getting very above them in the air. The she-wolf sat heavy and could run but slowly. Once, down in the snow, and old One Eye, now in the pursuit of a rabbit, which she ordi- more in fear of his mate than of the myste- narily would have caught with ease, she rious sapling, again sprang for the rabbit. gave over and lay down and rested. One As he sank back with it between his teeth, Eye came to her; but when he touched her he kept his eye on the sapling. As be neck gently with his muzzle she snapped fore, it followed him back to earth. He at him with such quick fierceness that he crouched down under the impending blow, tumbled over backward and cut a ridicu- his hair bristling, but his teeth still keeping lous figure in his effort to escape her teeth. tight hold of the rabbit. But the blow did Her temper was now shorter than ever; not fall. The sapling remained bent above but he had become more patient than ever him. When he moved it moved, and he and more solicitous. growled at it through his clenched jaws; And then she found the thing for which when he remained still, it remained still, she sought. It was a few miles up a small and he concluded it was safer to continue stream that in the summer time flowed remaining still. Yet the warm blood of into the Mackenzie, but that then was the rabbit tasted good in his mouth. frozen over and frozen down to its rocky 310 The Outing Magazine bottom-a dead stream of solid white from He cast anxious glances at his mate, but source to mouth. The she-wolf was trot she showed no desire to get up. He looked ting wearily along, her mate well in ad- ouside, and half a dozen snow-birds flut- vance, when she came upon the overhang tered across his field of vision. He started ing high clay bank. She turned aside and to get up, then looked back at his mate trotted over to it. The wear and tear of again and settled down and dozed. A spring storms and melting snows had un shrill and minute singing stole upon his derwashed the bank, and in one place had hearing. Once, and twice, he sleepily made a small cave out of a narrow fissure. brushed his nose with his paw. Then he She paused at the mouth of the cave and woke up. There, buzzing in the air at the looked the wall over carefully. Then, on tip of his nose, was a lone mosquito. It one side and the other, she ran along the was a full-grown mosquito, one that had base of the wall to where its abrupt bulk lain frozen in a dry log all winter and that merged from the softer-lined landscape. had now been thawed out by the sun. He Returning to the cave, she entered its could resist the call of the world no longer. narrow mouth. For a short three feet she Besides, he was hungry. was compelled to crouch, then the walls He crawled over to his mate and tried widened and rose higher in a little round to persuade her to get up. But she only chamber nearly six feet in diameter. The snarled at him, and he walked out alone roof barely cleared her head. It was dry into the bright sunshine to find the snow and cozy. She inspected it with pains- surface soft under foot, and the traveling taking care, while One Eye, who had re difficult. He went up the frozen bed of turned, stood in the entrance and pa the stream, where the snow, shaded by the tiently watched her. She dropped her trees, was yet hard and crystalline. He head, with her nose to the ground and di was gone eight hours, and he came back rected toward a point near to her closely through the darkness hungrier than when bunched feet, and around this point she he had started. He had found game, but circled several times; then, with a tired he had not caught it. He had broken sigh that was almost a grunt, she curled through the melting snow-crust and wal- her body in, relaxed her legs, and dropped lowed, while the snowshoe rabbits had down, her head toward the entrance. One skimmed along on top lightly as ever. Eye, with pointed, interested ears, laughed He paused at the mouth of the cave at her, and beyond, outlined against the with a sudden shock of suspicion. Faint, white light, she could see the brush of strange sounds came from within. They his tail waving good-naturedly. Her own were sounds not made by his mate, and yet ears, with a snuggling movement, laid their they were remotely familiar. He bellied sharp points backward and down against cautiously inside and was met by a warn- the head for a moment, while her mouth ing snarl from the she-wolf. This he re- opened and her tongue lolled peaceablyceived without perturbation, though he out, and in this way she expressed that she obeyed it by keeping his distance; but he was pleased and satisfied. remained interested in the other sounds One Eye was hungry. Though he lay faint, muffled sobbings and slubberings. down in the entrance and slept, his sleep His mate warned him irritably away, was fitful. He kept awaking and cocking and he curled up and slept in the entrance. his ears at the bright world without, where When morning came and a dim light per- the April sun was blazing across the snow. vaded the lair, he again sought after the When he dozed, upon his ears would steal source of the remotely familiar sounds. the faint whispers of hidden trickles of run There was a new note in his mate's warning ning water, and he would rouse and listen snarl. It was a jealous note, and he was intently. The sun had come back, and all very careful in keeping a respectful dis- the awakening Northland world was calling tance. Nevertheless, he made out, shelter- to him. Life was stirring. The feel of ing between her legs against the length of spring was in the air, the feel of growing her body, five strange little bundles of life, , life under the snow, of sap ascending in the very feeble, very helpless, making tiny trees, of buds bursting the shackles of the whimpering noises, with eyes that did not frost. open to the light. He was surprised. It White Fang 311 was not the first time in his long and suc The porcupine rolled itself into a ball, cessful life that this thing had happened. radiating long sharp needles in all direc- It had happened many times, yet each time tions that defied attack. In his youth One it was as fresh a surprise as ever to him. Eye had once sniffed too near a similar His mate looked at him anxiously. apparently inert ball of quills, and had the Every little while she emitted a low growl, tail flick out suddenly in his face. One and at times, when it seemed to her he quill he had carried away in his muzzle, approached too near, the growl shot up in where it had remained for weeks, a rank- her throat to a sharp snarl. Of her own ling flame, until it finally worked out. So experience she had no memory of the he lay down, in a comfortable crouching thing happening; but in her instinct, which position, his nose fully a foot away and out was the experience of all the mothers of of the line of the tail. Thus he waited, wolves, there lurked a memory of fathers keeping perfectly quiet. There was no that had eaten their new-born and helpless telling.' Something might happen. The progeny. It manifested itself as a fear porcupine might unroll. There might be strong within her, that made her prevent opportunity for a deft and ripping thrust One Eye from more closely inspecting the of paw into the tender, unguarded belly. cubs he had fathered. But at the end of half an hour he arose, But there was no danger. Old One Eye growled wrathfully at the motionless ball was feeling the urge of an impulse, that and trotted on. He had waited too often was, in turn, an instinct that had come down and futilely in the past for porcupines to to him from all the fathers of wolves. He unroll, to waste any more time. He con- did not question it, nor puzzle over it. It tinued up the right fork. The day wore was there, in the fiber of his being; and it along, and nothing rewarded his hunt. was the most natural thing in the world The urge of his awakened instinct of that he should obey it by turning his back fatherhood was strong upon him. He on his new-born family and by trotting out must find meat. In the afternoon he and away on the meat trail whereby he blundered upon a ptarmigan. He came lived. out of a thicket and found himself face to Five or six miles from the lair the stream face with the slow-witted bird. It was divided, its forks going off among the sitting on a log, not a foot beyond the end mountains at a right angle. Here, leading of his nose. Each saw the other. The up the left fork, he came upon a fresh track. bird made a startled rise, but he struck it He smelled it and found it so recent that he with his paw and smashed it down to earth, crouched swiftly and looked in the di then pounced upon it and caught it in his rection in which it disappeared. Then he teeth as it scuttled across the snow trying turned deliberately and took the right fork. to rise in the air again. As his teeth The footprint was much larger than the crunched through the tender flesh and one his own feet made, and he knew that fragile bones, he began naturally to eat. in the wake of such a trail there was little Then he remembered, and, turning meat for him. back-track, started for home, carrying the Half a mile up the right fork, his quick ptarmigan in his mouth. ears caught the sound of gnawing teeth. A mile above the forks, running velvet- He stalked the quarry and found it to be footed as was his custom, a gliding shadow a porcupine, standing upright against a that cautiously prospected each new vista tree and trying his teeth on the bark. One of the trail, he came upon later imprints of Eye approached carefully, but hopelessly. the large tracks he had discovered in the He knew the breed, though he had never early morning. As the track led his way, met it so far north before; and never in he followed, prepared to meet the maker his long life had porcupine served him for of it at every turn of the stream. a meal. But he had long since learned that He slid his head around a corner of rock, there was such a thing as Chance, or Op- where began an unusually large bend in portunity, and he continued to draw near. the stream, and his quick eyes made out There was never any telling what might something that sent him crouching swiftly happen, for with live things events were down. It was the maker of the track, a somehow always happening differently. large female lynx. She was crouching, 312 The Outing Magazine as he had crouched once that day, in front Everything had happened at once-the of her the tight-rolled ball of quills. If he blow, the counter blow, the squeal of agony had been a gliding shadow before, he now from the porcupine, the big cat's squall of became the ghost of such a shadow, as he sudden hurt and astonishment. One Eye crept and circled around and came up well half arose in his excitement, his ears up, to leeward of the silent, motionless pair. his tail straight out and quivering behind He lay down in the snow, depositing the him. The lynx's bad temper got the best ptarmigan beside him, and with eyes peer of her. She sprang savagely at the thing ing through the needles of a low-growing that had hurt her. But the porcupine, spruce he watched the play of life before squealing and grunting, with disrupted him—the waiting lynx and the waiting anatomy trying feebly to roll up into its porcupine, each intent on life; and, such ball protection, flicked out its tail again, was the curiousness of the game, the way and again the big cat squalled with hurt of life for one lay in the eating of the other, and astonishment. Then she fell to back- and the way of life for the other lay in being ing away and sneezing, her nose bristling not eaten. While old One Eye, the wolf, with quills like a monstrous pin-cushion. crouching in the covert, played his part She brushed her nose with her paws, try- too, in the game, waiting for some strange ing to dislodge the fiery darts, thrust it into freak of Chance that might help him on the the snow, and rubbed it against twigs and meat trail which was his way of life. branches, and all the time leaped about, Half an hour passed, an hour; and noth- ahead, sidewise, up and down, in a frenzy ing happened. The ball of quills might of pain and fright. have been a stone for all it moved; the lynx She sneezed continually, and her stub of might have been frozen to marble; and old a tail was doing its best toward lashing One Eye might have been dead. Yet all about by giving quick, violent jerks. She three animals were keyed to a tenseness of quit her antics, and quieted down for a living that was almost painful, and scarcely long minute. One Eye watched. And ever would it come to them to be more even he could not repress a start and an alive than they were then in their seeming involuntary bristling of hair along his back, petrifaction. when she suddenly leaped, without warn- One Eye moved slightly and peered ing, straight up in the air, at the same time forth with increased eagerness. Some emitting a long and most terrible squall. thing was happening. The porcupine had Then she sprang away, up the trail, squall- at last decided that its enemy had gone ing with every leap she made. away. Slowly, cautiously, it was unroll It was not until her racket had faded ing its ball of impregnable armor. It was away in the distance and died out that agitated by no tremor of anticipation. One Eye ventured forth. He walked as Slowly, slowly, the bristling ball straight- delicately as though all the snow were ened out and lengthened. One Eye, watch- carpeted with porcupine quills, erect and ing, felt a sudden moistness in his mouth ready to pierce the soft pads of his feet. and a drooling of saliva, involuntary, ex The porcupine met his approach with a cited by the living meat that was spread furious squealing and a clashing of its long ing itself like a repast before him. teeth. It had managed to roll up in a ball Not quite entirely had the porcupine un again, but it was not quite the old com- rolled when it discovered its enemy. In pact ball; its muscles were too much torn that instant the lynx struck. The blow for that. It had been ripped almost in was like a flash of light. The paw, with half, and was still bleeding profusely. rigid claws curving like talons, shot under One Eye scooped out mouthfuls of the the tender belly and came back with a blood-soaked snow, and chewed and tasted swift ripping movement. Had the porcu and swallowed. This served as a relish, pine been entirely unrolled, or had it not and his hunger increased mightily; but discovered its enemy a fraction of a second he was too old in the world to forget his before the blow was struck, the paw would caution. He waited. He lay down and have escaped unscathed, but a side-flick of waited, while the porcupine grated its the tail sank sharp quills into it as it was teeth and uttered grunts and sobs and oc- withdrawn. casional sharp little squeals. In a little White Fang 313 while One Eye noticed that the quills were He knew his two brothers and his two drooping and that a great quivering had sisters very well. He had begun to romp set up. The quivering came to an end with them in a feeble, awkward way, and suddenly. There was a final defiant clash even to squabble, his little throat vibrating of the long teeth. Then all the quills with a queer rasping noise (the forerunner drooped quite down, and the body relaxed of the growl) as he worked himself into a and moved no more. passion. And long before his eyes had With a nervous, shrinking paw One Eye opened he had learned, by touch, taste stretched out the porcupine to its full and smell, to know his mother--a fount of length and turned it over on its back. warmth and liquid food and tenderness. She Nothing had happened. It was surely possessed a gentle, caressing tongue that dead. He studied it intently for a mo soothed him when it passed over his soft lit- ment, then took a careful grip with his tle body, and that impelled him to snuggle teeth and started off down the stream, close against her and to doze off to sleep. partly carrying, partly dragging the porcu Most of the first month of his life had pine, with head turned to the side so as to been passed thus in sleeping; but now he avoid stepping on the prickly mass. He could see quite well, and he stayed awake recollected something, dropped the bur for longer periods of time, and he was den, and trotted back to where he had left coming to learn his world quite well. His the ptarmigan. He did not hesitate a mo world was gloomy; but he did not know ment. He knew clearly what was to be that, for he knew no other world. It was done, and this he did by promptly eating dim-lighted; but his eyes had never had the ptarmigan. Then he returned and to adjust themselves to any other light. took up his burden. His world was very small. Its limits were When he dragged the result of his day's the walls of the lair; but as he had no hunt into the cave, the she-wolf inspected - knowledge of the wide world outside, he it, turned her muzzle to him, and lightly was never oppressed by the narrow con- licked him on the neck. But the next in fines of his existence. stant she was warning him away from the But he had early discovered that one cubs with a snarl that was less harsh than wall of his world was different from the usual and that was more apologetic than rest. This was the mouth of the cave and menacing. Her instinctive fear of the the source of light. He had discovered that father of her progeny was toning down. it was different from the other walls long He was behaving as a wolf-father should, before he had any thoughts of his own, and manifesting no unholy desire to devour any conscious volitions. It had been an the young lives she had brought into the irresistible attraction before ever his eyes world. opened and looked upon it. The light from it had beat upon his sealed lids, and the CHAPTER III eyes and the optic nerves had pulsated to little, spark-like flashes, warm-colored and strangely pleasing. The life of his body, He was different from his brothers and and of every fiber of his body, the life that sisters. Their hair already betrayed the was the very substance of his body and reddish hue inherited from their mother, that was apart from his own personal life, the she-wolf; while he alone, in this par had yearned toward this light and urged ticular, took after his father. He was the his body toward it in the same way that one little gray cub of the litter. He had the cunning chemistry of a plant urges it bred true to the straight wolf-stock-in toward the sun. fact, he had bred true to old One Eye him Always, in the beginning, before his con- self in physical respects, with but a single scious life dawned, he had crawled toward exception, and that was that he had two the mouth of the cave. And in this his eyes to his father's one. brothers and sisters were one with him. The gray cub's eyes had not been open Never, in that period, did any of them crawl long, yet already he could see with steady toward the dark corners of the back wall. clearness. And while his eyes were still The light drew them as if they were plants; closed, he had felt, tasted and smelled. the chemistry of the life that composed THE GRAY CUB 314 The Outing Magazine them demanded the light as a necessity The fascination of the light for the gray of being; and their little puppet bodies cub increased from day to day. He was crawled blindly and chemically, like the perpetually departing on yard-long ad- tendrils of a vine. Later on, when each ventures toward the cave's entrance, and developed individuality and became per as perpetually being driven back. Only sonally conscious of impulsions and de he did not know it for an entrance. He sires, the attraction of the light increased. did not know anything about entrances- They were always crawling and sprawling passages whereby one goes from one place toward it, and being driven back from it to another place. He did not know any by their mother. other place, much less of a way to get It was in this way that the gray cub there. So to him the entrance of the cave learned other attributes of his mother than was a wall-a wall of light. As the sun the soft, soothing tongue. In his insistent was to the outside dweller, this wall was crawling toward the light, he discovered to him the sun of his world. It attracted in her a nose that with a sharp nudge ad him as a candle attracts a moth. He was ministered rebuke, and later a paw that always striving to attain it. The life that crushed him down or rolled him over and was so swiftly expanding within him urged over with swift, calculating stroke. Thus him continually toward the wall of light. he learned hurt; and on top of it he learned The life that was within him knew that it to avoid hurt, first, by not incurring the was the one way out, the way he was pre- risk of it; and second, when he had in destined to tread. But he himself did not curred the risk, by dodging and by re know anything about it. He did not know treating. These were conscious actions, there was any outside at all. and were the results of his first generaliza There was one strange thing about this tions upon the world. Before that he had wall of light. His father (he had already recoiled automatically from hurt, as he come to recognize his father as the one had crawled automatically toward the light. other dweller in the world, a creature like After that he recoiled from hurt because his mother, who slept near the light and he knew that it was hurt. was a bringer of meat)—his father had He was a fierce little cub. So were his a way of walking right into the white, brothers and sisters. It was to be ex far wall and disappearing. The gray cub pected. He was a carnivorous animal. could not understand this. Though never He came of a breed of meat-killers and permitted by his mother to approach that meat-eaters. His father and mother lived wall, he had approached the other walls, wholly upon meat. The milk he had and encountered hard obstruction on the sucked with his first flickering life was end of his tender nose. This hurt. And milk transformed directly from meat, and after several such adventures he left the now, at a month old, when his eyes had walls alone. Without thinking about it, been open for but a week, he was begin- he accepted this disappearing into the wall ning himself to eat meat-meat half di as a peculiarity of his father, as milk and gested by the she-wolf, and disgorged for half-digested meat were peculiarities of his the five growing cubs that already made mother. too great demand upon her breast. In fact, the gray cub was not given to But he was, further, the fiercest of the thinking—at least, to the kind of thinking litter. He could make a louder rasping customary of men. His brain worked in growl than any of them. His tiny rages dim ways. Yet his conclusions were as were much more terrible than theirs. It sharp and distinct as those achieved by was he that first learned the trick of rolling men. He had a method of accepting a fellow-cub over with a cunning paw- things, without questioning the why and stroke. And it was he that first gripped wherefore. In reality, this was the act of another cub by the ear and pulled and classification. He was never disturbed tugged and growled through jaws tight- over why a thing happened. How it hap- clenched. And certainly it was he that pened was sufficient for him. Thus, when caused the mother the most trouble in he had bumped his nose on the back wall keeping her litter from the mouth of the a few times, he accepted that he could not disappear into walls. In the same way cave. White Fang 315 he accepted that his father could disappear day-old trail of One Eye. And she had into walls. But he was not in the least found him, or what remained of him, at the disturbed by desire to find out the reason end of the trail. There were many signs for the difference between his father and of the battle that had been fought, and of himself. Logic and physics were no part the lynx's withdrawal to her lair after of his mental make-up. having won the victory. Before she went Like most creatures of the Wild, he early away, the she-wolf had found this lair, but experienced famine. There came a time the signs told her that the lynx was inside, when not only did the meat-supply cease, and she had not dared to venture in. but the milk no longer came from his After that the she-wolf in her hunting mother's breast. At first, the cubs whim- avoided the left fork. For she knew that pered and cried, but for the most part they in the lynx's lair was a litter of kittens, and slept. It was not long before they were she knew the lynx for a fierce, bad-tem- reduced to a coma of hunger. There were pered creature and a terrible fighter. It no more spats and squabbles, no more tiny was all very well for half a dozen wolves rages nor attempts at growling; while the to drive a lynx, spitting and bristling, up adventures toward the far, white wall a tree; but it was quite a different matter ceased altogether. The cubs slept, while for a lone wolf to encounter a lynx-espe- the life that was in them flickered and died cially when the lynx was known to have a down. litter of hungry kittens at her back. One Eye was desperate. He ranged far But the Wild is the Wild, and mother- and wide, and slept but little in the lair hood is motherhood, at all times fiercely that had now become cheerless and miser- protective whether in the Wild or out of able. The she-wolf, too, left her litter and it; and the time was to come when the went out in search of meat. In the first she-wolf, for her gray cub's sake, would days after the birth of the cubs One Eye venture the left fork, and the lair in the had journeyed several times back to the rocks, and the lynx's wrath. Indian camp and robbed the rabbit snares; but, with the melting of the snow and the CHAPTER IV opening of the streams, the Indian camp THE WALL OF THE WORLD had moved away, and that source of sup- ply was closed to him. By the time his mother began leaving When the gray cub came back to life and the cave on hunting expeditions, the cub again took interest in the far white wall, he had learned well the law that forbade his found that the population of his world had approaching the entrance. Not only had been reduced. Only one sister remained this law been forcibly and many times im- to him. The rest were gone. As he grew pressed on him by his mother's nose and stronger, he found himself compelled to paw, but in him the instinct of fear was play alone, for the sister no longer lifted developing. Never, in his brief cave life, her head nor moved about. His little body had he encountered anything of which to rounded out with the meat he now ate; but be afraid. Yet fear was in him. It had the food had come too late for her. She come down to him from a remote ancestry slept continuously, a tiny skeleton flung through a thousand thousand lives. It was round with skin in which the flame flick a heritage he had received directly from ered lower and lower and at last went out. One Eye and the she-wolf; but to them, Then there came a time when the gray in turn, it had been passed down through cub no longer saw his father appearing and all the generations of wolves that had gone disappearing in the wall nor lying down before. Fear!—that legacy of the Wild, asleep in the entrance. This had hap which no animal may escape nor exchange pened at the end of a second and less se- for pottage. vere famine. The she-wolf knew why One So the gray cub knew fear, though he Eye never came back, but there was no knew not the stuff of which fear was made. way by which she could tell what she had Possibly he accepted it as one of the re- seen to the gray cub. Hunting herself strictions of life. For he had already for meat, up the left fork of the stream learned that there were such restrictions. where lived the lynx, she had followed a Hunger he had known; and when he could 316 The Outing Magazine not appease his hunger he had felt restric mence of affection. And the cub felt that tion. The hard obstruction of the cave somehow he had escaped a great hurt. wall, the sharp nudge of his mother's nose, But there were other forces at work in the smashing stroke of her paw, the hunger the cub, the greatest of which was growth. unappeased of several famines, had borne Instinct and law demanded of him obedi- in upon him that all was not freedom in ence. But growth demanded disobedience. the world, that to life there were limita His mother and fear impelled him to keep tions and restraints. These limitations and away from the white wall. Growth is restraints were laws. To be obedient to life, and life is forever destined to make them was to escape hurt and make for for light. So there was no damming up happiness. the tide of life that was rising within He did not reason the question out in him-rising with every mouthful of meat this man fashion. He merely classified he swallowed, with every breath he drew. the things that hurt and the things that In the end, one day, fear and obedience did not hurt. And after such classifica were swept away by the rush of life, and tion he avoided the things that hurt, the the cub straddled and sprawled toward the restrictions and restraints, in order to en entrance. joy the satisfactions and the remunera Unlike any other wall with which he had tions of life. had experience, this wall seemed to recede Thus it was that in obedience to the law from him as he approached. No hard sur- laid down by his mother, and in obedience face collided with the tender little nose he to the law of that unknown and nameless thrust out tentatively before him. The thing, fear, he kept away from the mouth substance of the wall seemed as permeable of the cave. It remained to him a white and yielding as light. And as condition, wall of light. When his mother was ab in his eyes, had the seeming of form, so he sent, he slept most of the time; while dur entered into what had been wall to him ing the intervals that he was awake he and bathed in the substance that com- kept very quiet, suppressing the whimper- posed it. ing cries that tickled in his throat and It was bewildering. He was sprawling strove for noise. through solidity. And ever the light grew Once, lying awake, he heard a strange brighter. Fear urged him to go back, but sound in the white wall. He did not know growth drove him on. Suddenly he found that it was a wolverine, standing outside, himself at the mouth of the cave. The all a-tremble with its own daring, and cau wall, inside which he had thought him- tiously scenting out the contents of the self, as suddenly leaped back before him The cub knew only that the sniff to an immeasurable distance. The light was strange, a something unclassified, had become painfully bright. He was therefore unknown and terrible--for the dazzled by it. Likewise he was made unknown was one of the chief elements dizzy by this abrupt and tremendous ex- that went into the making of fear. tension of space. Automatically, his eyes The hair bristled up on the gray cub's were adjusting themselves to the bright- back, but it bristled silently. How was ness, focusing themselves to meet the in- he to know that this thing that sniffed was creased distance of objects. At first, the a thing at which to bristle? It was not wall had leaped beyond his vision. He born of any knowledge of his, yet it was now saw it again; but it had taken upon the visible expression of the fear that was itself a remarkable remoteness. Also, its in him, and for which, in his own life, there appearance had changed. It was now a was no accounting. But fear was accom variegated wall, composed of the trees that panied by another instinct—that of con fringed the stream, the opposing mountain cealment. The cub was in a frenzy of that towered above the trees, and the sky terror, yet he lay without movement or that out-towered the mountain. sound, frozen, petrified into immobility, A great fear came upon him. This was to all appearance dead. His mother, com more of the terrible unknown. He crouched ing home, growled as she smelt the wolver down on the lip of the cave and gazed out ine's track, and bounded into the cave and on the world. He was very much afraid. licked and nozzled him with undue vehe Because it was unknown, it was hostile to cave. -- White Fang 317 him. Therefore the hair stood up on end here he was without hurt. But the first along his back, and his lips wrinkled weakly man on Mars would have experienced less in an attempt at a ferocious and intimidat- unfamiliarity than did he. Without any ing snarl. Out of his puniness and fright antecedent knowledge, without any warn- he challenged and menaced the whole wide ing whatever that such existed, he found world. himself an explorer in a totally new world. Nothing happened. He continued to Now that the terrible unknown had let gaze, and in his interest he forgot to snarl. go of him, he forgot that the unknown had Also, he forgot to be afraid. For the time any terrors. He was aware only of curi- fear had been routed by growth, while osity in all the things about him. He in- growth had assumed the guise of curiosity. spected the grass beneath him, the moss- He began to notice near objects-an open berry plant just beyond, and the dead portion of the stream that flashed in the trunk of the blasted pine that stood on the sun, the blasted pine tree that stood at the edge of an open space among the trees. base of the slope, and the slope itself, that A squirrel, running around the base of the ran right up to him and ceased two feet trunk, came full upon him, and gave him beneath the lip of the cave on which he a great fright. He cowered down and crouched. snarled. But the squirrel was as badly Now the gray cub had lived all his days scared. It ran up the tree, and from a on a level floor. He had never experienced point of safety chattered back savagely. the hurt of a fall. He did not know what This helped the cub's courage, and a fall was. So he stepped boldly out upon though the woodpecker he next encoun- the air. His hind legs still rested on the tered gave him a start, he proceeded con- cave lip, so he fell forward head downward. fidently on his way. Such was his confi- The earth struck him a harsh blow on the dence, that when a moose bird impudently nose that made him yelp. Then he began hopped up to him he reached out at it with rolling down the slope, over and over. He a playful paw. The result was a sharp was in a panic of terror. The unknown peck on the end of his nose that made him had caught him at last. It had gripped cower down and ki-yi. The noise he made savagely hold of him and was about to was too much for the moose bird, who wreak upon him some terrific hurt. Growth promptly sought safety in flight. was now routed by fear, and he ki-yi'd like But the cub was learning. His misty any frightened puppy. little mind had already made an The unknown bore him on he knew not conscious classification. There were live to what frightful hurt, and he yelped and things and things not alive. Also, he must ki-yi'd unceasingly. This was a different watch out for the live things. The things proposition from crouching in frozen fear not alive remained always in one place; while the unknown lurked just alongside. but the live things moved about and there Now the unknown had caught tight hold was no telling what they might do. The of him. Silence would do no good. Be thing to expect of them was the unex- sides, it was not fear, but terror, that con pected, and for this he must be prepared. vulsed him. He traveled very clumsily. He ran into But the slope grew more gradual, and its sticks and things. A twig that he thought base was grass-covered. Here the cub lost a long way off would the next instant hit momentum. When at last he came to a him on the nose or rake along his ribs. stop, he gave one last agonized yelp and There were inequalities of surface. Some- then a long, whimpering wail. Also, and times he overstepped and stubbed his quite as a matter of course, as though in nose. Quite as often he understepped his life he had already made a thousand and stubbed his feet. Then there were the toilets, he proceeded to lick away the dry pebbles and stones that turned under him clay that soiled him. when he trod upon them; and from them After that he sat up and gazed about he came to know that the things not alive him, as might the first man of the earth were not all in the same state of stable who landed upon Mars. The cub had equilibrium as was his cave; also, that broken through the wall of the world, the small things not alive were more liable unknown had let go its hold of him, and than large things to fall down or turn over. un- 318 The Outing Magazine But with every mishap he was learning fighting, tearing at a live thing that was The longer he walked the better he walked. striking at him. Also, this live thing was He was adjusting himself. He was learn meat. The lust to kill was on him. He ing to calculate his own muscular move had just destroyed little live things. He ments, to know his physical limitations, would now destroy a big live thing. He was to measure distances between objects and too busy and happy to know that he was between objects and himself. happy. He was thrilling and exulting in His was the luck of the beginner. Born ways new to him and greater to him than to be a hunter of meat (though he did not any he had known before. know it), he blundered upon meat just out He held on to the wing and growled be- side his own cave-door on his first foray tween his tight-clenched teeth. The ptar- into the world. It was by sheer blunder- migan dragged him out of the bush. When ing that he chanced upon the shrewdly she turned and tried to drag him back into hidden ptarmigan nest. He fell into it. the bush's shelter, he pulled her away He had essayed to walk along the trunk of from it and on into the open. And all the a fallen pine. The rotten bark gave way time she was making outcry and striking under his feet, and with a despairing yelp with her wing, while feathers were flying he pitched down the rounded descent, like a snowfall. The pitch to which he smashed through the leafage and stalks of was aroused was tremendous. All the a small bush, and in the heart of the bush, fighting blood of his breed was up in him on the ground, fetched up in the midst of and surging through him. This was living, seven ptarmigan chicks. though he did not know it. He was real- They made noises, and at first he was izing his own meaning in the world; he frightened at them. Then he perceived was doing that for which he was made that they were very little, and he became killing meat and battling to kill it. He bolder. They moved. He placed his paw was justifying his existence, than which on one, and its movements were acceler life can do no greater; for life achieves its ated. This was a source of enjoyment summit when it does to the uttermost that to him. He smelled it. He picked it up which it was equipped to do. in his mouth. It struggled and tickled his After a time the ptarmigan ceased her tongue. At the same time he was made struggling. He still held her by the wing, aware of a sensation of hunger. His jaws and they lay on the ground and looked at closed together. There was a crunching each other. He tried to growl threaten- of fragile bones, and warm blood ran in his ingly, ferociously. She pecked on his nose, mouth. The taste of it was good. This which by now, what of previous adven- was meat, the same as his mother gave tures, was sore. He winced but held on. him, only it was alive between his teeth, She pecked him again and again. From and therefore better. So he ate the ptar- wincing he went to whimpering. He tried migan. Nor did he stop till he had de to back away from her, oblivious of the voured the whole brood. Then he licked fact that by his hold on her he dragged his chops in quite the same way his mother her after him. A rain of pecks fell on his did, and began to crawl out of the bush. ill-used nose. The flood of fight ebbed He encountered a feathered whirlwind. down in him, and, releasing his prey, he He was confused and blinded by the rush turned tail and scampered off across the of it and the beat of angry wings. He hid open in inglorious retreat. his head between his paws and yelped. He lay down to rest on the other side of The blows increased. The mother ptarmi- the open, near the edge of the bushes, his gan was in a fury. Then he became angry. tongue lolling out, his chest heaving and He rose up, snarling, striking out with his panting, his nose still hurting him and paws. He sank his tiny teeth into one of causing him to continue his whimper. But the wings and pulled and tugged sturdily. as he lay there, suddenly there came to The ptarmigan struggled against him, him a feeling as of something terrible im- showering blows upon him with her free pending. The unknown with all its ter- wing. It was his first battle. He was elated. rors rushed upon him, and he shrank back He forgot all about the unknown. He no instinctively into the shelter of the bush. longer was afraid of anything. He was As he did so a draught of air fanned him, White Fang 319 and a large, winged body swept ominously been a long-established custom of his, he and silently past. A hawk, driving down struck out with all his legs and began to out of the blue, had barely missed him. swim. The near bank was a yard away; While he lay in the bush, recovering but he had come up with his back to it, from this fright and peering fearfully out, and the first thing his eyes rested upon was the mother ptarmigan, on the other side the opposite bank, toward which he im- of the open space, fluttered out of the rav mediately began to swim. The stream aged nest. It was because of her loss that was a small one, but in the pool it widened she paid no attention to the winged bolt out to a score of feet. of the sky. But the cub saw, and it was Midway in the passage the current a warning and a lesson to him—the swift picked up the cub and swept him down- downward swoop of the hawk, the short stream. He was caught in the miniature skim of its body just above the ground, the rapid at the bottom of the pool. Here was strike of its talons in the body of the ptar little chance for swimming. The quiet migan, the ptarmigan's squawk of agony water had become suddenly angry. Some- and fright, and the hawk's rush upward times he was under, sometimes on top. into the blue, carrying the ptarmigan away At all times he was in violent motion, now with it. being turned over or around, and again It was a long time before the cub left being smashed against a rock. And with his shelter. He had learned much. Live every rock he struck he yelped. His prog- things were meat. They were good to eat. ress was a series of yelps, from which might Also, live things, when they were large have been adduced the number of rocks he enough, could give hurt. It was better to encountered. eat small live things like ptarmigan chicks, Below the rapid was a second pool, and and to let alone large live things like ptar- here, captured by the eddy, he was gently migan hens. Nevertheless he felt a little borne to the bank and as gently deposited prick of ambition, a sneaking desire to on a bed of gravel. He crawled franti- have another battle with that ptarmigan cally clear of the water and lay down. He hen-only the hawk had carried her away. had learned some more about the world. Maybe there were other ptarmigan hens. Water was not alive. Yet it moved. Also, He would go and see. it looked as solid as the earth, but was He came down a shelving bank to the without any solidity at all. His conclu- stream. He had never seen water before. sion was that things were not always what The footing looked good. There were no they appeared to be. The cub's fear of inequalities of surface. He stepped boldly the unknown was an inherited distrust, out on it, and went down, crying with fear, and it had now been strengthened by ex- into the embrace of the unknown. It was perience. Thenceforth, in the nature of cold, and he gasped, breathing quickly. things, he would possess an abiding dis- The water rushed into his lungs instead of trust of appearances. He would have to the air that had always accompanied his learn the reality of a thing before he could act of breathing. The suffocation he ex put his faith into it. perienced was like the pang of death. To One other adventure was destined for him it signified death. He had no con him that day. He had recollected that scious knowledge of death, but like every there was such a thing in the world as his animal of the Wild, he possessed the in mother. And then there came to him a stinct of death. To him it stood as the feeling that he wanted her more than all greatest of hurts. It was the very essence the rest of the things in the world. Not of the unknown; it was the sum of the only was his body tired with the adven- terrors of the unknown, the one culmi tures he had undergone, but his little brain nating and unthinkable catastrophe that was equally tired. In all the days he had could happen to him, about which he knew lived it had not worked so hard as on this nothing and about which he feared every one day. Furthermore, he was sleepy. thing. So he started out to look for the cave and He came to the surface, and the sweet his mother, feeling at the same time an air rushed into his open mouth. He did overwhelming rush of loneliness and help- not go down again. Quite as though it had lessness. 320 The Outing Magazine He saw THE LAW OF MEAT He was sprawling along between some The gray cub would have died, and there bushes, when he heard a sharp intimidating would have been no story to write about cry. There was a flash of yellow before his him, had not the she-wolf come bounding eyes. a weasel leaping swiftly through the bushes. The weasel let go away from him. It was a small live thing, the cub and flashed at the she-wolf's throat, and he had no fear. Then, before him, at missing, but getting a hold on the jaw in- his feet, he saw an extremely small live stead. The she-wolf flirted her head like thing, only several inches long, a young the snap of a whip, breaking the weasel's weasel, that, like himself, had disobediently hold and flinging it high in the air. And, gone out adventuring. It tried to retreat still in the air, the she-wolf's jaws closed before him. He turned it over with his on the lean, yellow body, and the weasel paw. It made a queer, grating noise. knew death between the crunching teeth. The next moment the flash of yellow re The cub experienced another access of appeared before his eyes. He heard again affection on the part of his mother. Her the intimidating cry, and at the same in- joy at finding him seemed greater even stant received a severe blow on the side of than his joy at being found. She nozzled the neck and felt the sharp teeth of the him and caressed him and licked the cuts mother weasel cut into his flesh. made in him by the weasel's teeth. Then, While he yelped and ki-yi’d and scram between them, mother and cub, they ate bled backward, he saw the mother weasel the blood-drinker, and after that went leap upon her young one and disappear back to the cave and slept. with it into the neighboring thicket. The cut of her teeth in his neck still hurt, but CHAPTER V his feelings were hurt more grievously, and he sat down and weakly whimpered. This mother weasel was so small and so savage! The cub's development was rapid. He He was yet to learn that for size and weight rested for two days, and then ventured the weasel was the most ferocious, vindic forth from the cave again. It was on this tive and terrible of all the killers of the adventure that he found the young weasel Wild. But a portion of this knowledge whose mother he had helped eat, and he was quickly to be his. saw to it that the young weasel went the He was still whimpering when the mother way of its mother. But on this trip he did weasel reappeared. She did not rush him, not get lost. When he grew tired he found now that her young one was safe. She ap his way back to the cave and slept. And proached more cautiously, and the cub had every day thereafter found him out and full opportunity to observe her lean, snake ranging a wider area. · like body, and her head, erect, eager and He began to get an accurate measure- snake-like itself. Her sharp, menacing cry ment of his strength and his weakness, sent the hair bristling along his back, and and to know when to be bold and when to he snarled warningly at her. She came be cautious. He found it expedient to be closer and closer. There was a leap, swifter cautious all the time, except for the rare than his unpracticed sight, and the lean, moments when, assured of his own intre- yellow body disappeared for a moment pidity, he abandoned himself to petty rages out of the field of vision. The next mo and lusts. ment she was at his throat, her teeth He was always a little demon of fury buried in his hair and flesh. when he chanced upon a stray ptarmigan. At first he snarled and tried to fight; but Never did he fail to respond savagely to he was very young, and this was only his the chatter of the squirrel he had first met first day in the world, and his snarl became on the blasted pine, while the sight of a a whimper, his fight a struggle to escape. moose bird almost invariably put him into The weasel never relaxed her hold. She the wildest of rages; for he never forgot hung on, striving to press down with her the peck on the nose he had received from teeth to the great vein where his life-blood the first of that ilk he encountered. bubbled. The weasel was a drinker of But there were times when even a moose blood, and it was ever her preference to bird failed to affect him, and those were drink from the throat of life itself, times when he felt himself to be in danger - White Fang 321 from some other prowling meat-hunter. tried to dig them out of their burrows; He never forgot the hawk, and its moving and he learned much about the ways of shadow always sent him crouching into the moose birds and woodpeckers. And there nearest thicket. He no longer sprawled came a day when the hawk's shadow did and straddled, and already he was develop not drive him crouching into the bushes. ing the gait of his mother, slinking and He had grown stronger, and wiser, and furtive, apparently without exertion, yet more confident. Also, he was desperate. sliding along with a swiftness that was as So he sat on his haunches, conspicuously, deceptive as it was imperceptible. in an open space, and challenged the hawk In the matter of meat, his luck had been down out of the sky. For he knew that all in the beginning. The seven ptarmigan there, floating in the blue above him, was chicks and the baby weasel represented meat, the meat his stomach yearned after the sum of his killings. His desire to kill so insistently. But the hawk refused to strengthened with the days, and he cher come down and give battle, and the cub ished hungry ambitions for the squirrel crawled away into a thicket and whimpered that chattered so volubly and always in his disappointment and hunger. formed all wild creatures that the wolf-cub The famine broke. The she-wolf brought was approaching. But as birds flew in home meat. It was strange meat, different the air, squirrels could climb trees, and the from any she had ever brought before. It cub could only try to crawl unobserved was a lynx kitten, partly grown, like the upon the squirrel when it was on the cub, but not so large. And it was all for ground. him. His mother had satisfied her hunger The cub entertained a great respect for elsewhere; though he did not know that it his mother. She could get meat, and she was the rest of the lynx litter that had gone never failed to bring him his share. Fur to satisfy her. Nor did he know the des- ther, she was unafraid of things. It did perateness of her deed. He knew only not occur to him that this fearlessness was that the velvet-furred kitten was: meat, founded upon experience and knowledge. and he ate and waxed happier with every Its effect on him was that of an impression mouthful. of power. His mother represented power; A full stomach conduces to inaction, and and as he grew older he felt this power in the cub lay in the cave, sleeping against his the sharper admonishment of her paw; mother's side. He was aroused by her while the reproving nudge of her nose gave snarling. Never had he heard her snarl place to the slash of her fangs. For this, so terribly. Possibly in her whole life it likewise, he respected his mother. She was the most terrible snarl she ever gave. compelled obedience from him, and the There was reason for it, and none knew older he grew the shorter grew her temper. it better than she. A lynx's lair is not Famine came again, and the cub with despoiled with impunity. In the full glare clearer consciousness knew once more the of the afternoon light, crouching in the bite of hunger. The she-wolf ran herself entrance of the cave, the cub saw the lynx thin in the quest for meat. She rarely mother. The hair rippled up all along his slept any more in the cave, spending most back at the sight. Here was fear, and it of her time on the meat trail and spending did not require his instinct to tell him of it vainly. This famine was not a long one, it. And if sight alone were not sufficient but it was severe while it lasted. The cub the cry of rage the intruder gave, begin- found no more milk in his mother's breast, ning with a snarl and rushing abruptly up- nor did he get one mouthful of meat for ward into a hoarse screech, was convincing himself. enough in itself. Before, he had hunted in play, for the The cub felt the prod of the life that was sheer joyousness of it; now he hunted in in him, and stood up and snarled valiantly deadly earnestness, and found nothing. by his mother's side. But she thrust him Yet the failure of it accelerated his de ignominiously away and behind her. Be- velopment. He studied the habits of the cause of the low-roofed entrance the lynx squirrel with greater carefulness, and strove could not leap in, and when she made a with greater craft to steal upon it and sur crawling rush of it the she-wolf sprang upon prise it. He studied the wood-mice and her and pinned her down. The cub saw 322 The Outing Magazine little of the battle. There was a tremen with its mysteries and terrors, intangible dous snarling and spitting and screeching. and ever-menacing. The two animals threshed about, the lynx He began to accompany his mother on ripping and tearing with her claws and the meat trail, and he saw much of the kill- using her teeth as well, while the she-wolf ing of meat and began to play his part in used her teeth alone. it. And in his own dim way he learned Once, the cub sprang in and sank his the law of meat. There were two kinds of teeth into the hind leg of the lynx. He life_his own kind and the other kind. clung on, growling savagely. Though he His own kind included his mother and did not know it, by the weight of his body himself. The other kind included all live he clogged the action of the leg and thereby things that moved. But the other kind saved his mother much damage. A change was divided. One portion was what his in the battle crushed him under both their own kind killed and ate. This portion bodies and wrenched loose his hold. The was composed of the non-killers and the next moment the two mothers separated, small killers. The other portion killed and and, before they rushed together again, ate his own kind, or was killed and eaten by the lynx lashed out at the cub with a huge his own kind. And out of this classifica- fore paw that ripped his shoulder open to tion arose the law. The aim of life was the bone and sent him hurtling sidewise meat. Life itself was meat. Life lived against the wall. Then was added to the on life. There were the eaters and the uproar the cub's shrill yelp of pain and eaten. The law was: EAT OR BE EATEN. fright. But the fight lasted so long that He did not formulate the law in clear, set he had time to cry himself out and to ex terms and moralize about it. He did not perience a second burst of courage; and even think the law; he merely lived the the end of the battle found him again law without thinking about it at all. clinging to a hind leg and furiously growl He saw the law operating around him on ing between his teeth. every side. He had eaten the ptarmigan The lynx was dead. But the she-wolf chicks. The ha vk had eaten the ptarmi- was very weak and sick. At first she gan mother. The hawk would also have caressed the cub and licked his wounded eaten him. Later, when he had grown shoulder; but the blood she had lost had more formidable, he wanted to eat the taken with it her strength, and for all of a hawk. He had eaten the lynx kitten. day and a night she lay by her dead foe's The lynx mother would have eaten him side, without movement, scarcely breath had she not herself been killed and eaten. ing. For a week she never left the cave, And so it went. The law was being lived except for water, and then her movements about him by all live things, and he him- were slow and painful. At the end of that self was part and parcel of the law. He time the lynx was devoured, while the she was a killer. His only food was meat, live wolf's wounds had healed sufficiently to meat, that ran away swiftly before him, permit her to take the meat trail again. or flew into the air, or climbed trees, or hid The cub's shoulder was stiff and sore, in the ground, or faced him and fought and for some time he limped from the ter with him, or turned the tables and ran rible slash he had received. But the world after him. now seemed changed. He went about in Had the cub thought in man-fashion, he it with greater confidence, with a feeling might have epitomized life as a voracious of prowess that had not been his in the appetite, and the world as a place wherein days before the battle with the lynx. He ranged a multitude of appetites, pursuing had looked upon life in a more ferocious and being pursued, hunting and being aspect; he had fought; he had buried his hunted, eating and being eaten, all in teeth in the flesh of a foe; and he had sur blindness and confusion, with violence and vived. And because of all this he carried disorder, a chaos of gluttony and slaughter, himself more boldly, with a touch of de ruled over by chance, merciless, endless. fiance that was new in him. He was no But the cub did not think in man-fashion. longer afraid of minor things, and much He did not look at things with wide vision. of his timidity had vanished, though the He was single-purposed, and entertained unknown never ceased to press upon him but one thought or desire at a time. Be- White Fang 3-3 sides the law of meat there were a myriad tions. To have a full stomach, to doze other and lesser laws for him to learn and lazily in the sunshine-such things were obey. The world was filled with surprise. remuneration in full for his ardors and The stir of the life that was in him, the play toils; while his ardors and toils were in of his muscles, was an unending happiness. themselves self-remunerative. They were To run down meat was to experience thrills expressions of life, and life is always happy and elations. His rages and battles were when it is expressing itself. So the cub pleasures. Terror itself, and the mystery had no quarrel with his hostile environ- of the unknown, lent to his living. ment. He was very much alive, very And there were easements and satisfac- happy and very proud of himself. (To be continued.) Mount Baker from Baker Lake. The Cholas dress in gaudy shawls and jewelry, with the omnipresent bundle held on their backs by vari-colored fajas. ON THE ROAD TO QUAINT LA PAZ BY W. T. BURRES, M.D. COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR C° OMPARATIVELY few travelers along the line, do not inspire one with reach the plateaus of the central insatiable longing to repeat the journey. Andes, the majority vaguely peo However, such is the easiest and quickest pling South America with savages. It is way of reaching Puno, the Peruvian port true that in the Amazon and the Orinoco which rests on the western shore of the basins, and in other isolated sections, ab Lake, at 12,500 feet elevation. solute savages roam unacquainted with A stay in the cold, uninteresting town civilized man; but the entire coast coun is hardly enjoyable, but two sights are try, and many miles inland, furnish a va worth the traveler's attention. One is a riety of interesting sights which well re really beautiful view from a rocky hill just pay the long and at times inconvenient west of the town, where the beholder is journey. removed from the unwashed people and the The first thought of the South American malodorous and unsanitary streets which traveler should be of the prehistoric peo characterize Spanish-American towns. The ples that have left cyclopean ruins in an second object of interest is the old cathe- almost continuous line from Colombia to dral, built in the time of Pizarro, and still Bolivia. The present inhabitants are a standing firm and intact. mongrel product of various bloods, and The market, stores and buildings do not interesting merely as a study of degener merit comment. The water front, how- ative changes following indiscriminate ra ever, presents some novel features, chief cial mixing. Exception must be made, of which are the numerous native boats, however, to large regions populated almost called balsas, which are made of reeds and entirely by Quechua, Aymara, and other rushes ingeniously bound together with Indians that are doubtless in the same fiber cords and vary in length from thir- relative state they were thousands of years teen to twenty feet. They carry two up- ago. right wooden poles which support the reed- The object of this article is not to discuss mat sail. Not a particle of metal enters the origin and history of these races, but into the construction and the balsa is un- to tell of a journey across Lake Titicaca to sinkable, but after a few weeks of usage the ruins of Tiaguanaco and quaint old becomes water-logged and clumsy. With La Paz. a favoring breeze fair time is possible, but To reach the Lake, which is about three in a calm or against the wind they are hundred miles from the Pacific Coast, re poled over the shallow margins of the quires two days by rail from the seaport Lake. The Indian generally carries his of Mollendo, with a stop over night at family, dogs, sheep and other possessions Arequipa. Especially is the second day in his balsa, as well as skins, potatoes and uncertain in its possibilities, for the anti other articles of barter which he exchanges quated engines are subject to breakdown at the stores for utensils or donates to the at any moment. The added probability priests; but the greater portion is convert- of suffering from mountain sickness in the ed into alcohol on which he becomes glori- high altitudes, and the poor food procurable ously drunk, together with his squaw and 325 The market at Puno-a beggar on the right. friends. He is a stupid, shiftless, and Numerous waterfowl are seen all over the degenerate animal—the Peruvian Indian. shallow portions of the Lake; ducks, gulls, Two small steamers ply between Puno snipe, and still more noticeable are many and the port of Guaqui on the Bolivian flocks of flamingoes. Fish may be seen at side, over a hundred miles distant, and it any time in the clear, cold water, but none is difficult to realize one is navigating at of them is large. Some varieties furnish two and a half miles above sea level. good food and are consumed in quantities Quechua Indian types, who live as did their ancestors a thousand years ago. 326 On the Road to Quaint La Paz 327 by the Indians, and served in the hotels of laughter and merry-making issue from the Puno and La Paz. On reaching the princi- On reaching the princi- stupid, unromantic Indian as he views his pal body of the lake the wind increases, the beautiful surroundings. Stolidly he fol- waves become choppy, the steamer pitches lows the beaten path of centuries, repeat- and rolls disagreeably, and few escape sea ing the monotonous life of his ancestors, sickness. Land fades from view and the with neither the ability nor the desire to sensation of traveling at sea is complete. advance. He simply forms a unit among As the steamer nears from time to time the myriads of inferior races that since the irregular coast line, the surrounding time immemorial have lived their aimless hills show frequent villages and horizontal lives and complicated the great human lines, indicating the terraces of cultivated problem. patches, dotted with grazing sheep and As the snowy range of mountains—the llamas. The pride of Bo- passengers al- livia-comes ways look into view far eagerly for off in the east, the famous the steamer Island of Ti- reaches an- ticaca, the other narrow fount of Inca channel, traditions, bumps from which is chief one side to of a small the other, and archipelago draws up to measuring the wharf at about three Guaqui. This by seven small port is miles, and not attractive contains a with its new number of buildings and ruins of or- galvanized dinary work- iron roofs, manship, but new and much inferior comfortable to those of American Cuzco. cars carry the Several traveler the hours before three or four reaching Gua- hours jour- qui the boat ney across the follows plateau which deep, narrow separates this strait between from the other islands of con- new and gal- siderable Buildings overlooking a stream that runs through La Paz. vanized-roof beauty, whose station of Alto picturesque villages give them an air of La Paz, lying above the valley of the capi- importance, each town having its con tal city. The ride is over a long, narrow spicuous chapel, often dilapidated and an valley, bounded on either side by low, culti- cient in appearance. The rolling hills as vated hills. Cattle, llamas, donkeys and usual are well cultivated, with fields of sheep are numerous and seem to thrive well barley and potatoes which alternate with enough on the scanty vegetation. Many bright red and purple patches of quinoa. sections of the valley bed are planted, and Balsas spread their unique sails across the the remainder show furrows of former culti- strait or skirt the rush-lined shore, but no vation. The soil is not rich and evidently song is wafted across the water. No will not mature crops. Mile after mile a - The balsas on Lake Titicaca are made of reeds and rushes ingeniously bound together with fiber cords. On the Road to Quaint La Paz 329 shows nothing but gravel, while approach of the numerous coaches which await each ing the Alto continuous gravel beds of great train, he begins a forty minute drive which depth are disclosed by the cuts and excava he will never forget. Almost immediately tions of railroad construction. In all direc a sharp turn reveals a panoramic view of tions, and from fifty to one hundred feet beauty rarely seen, and difficult to describe. apart, are mounds of surface rocks which Ages of weather wear have cut out the the Indians have gathered in order that La Paz valley, carrying away the loose the soil might be made cultivable. gravel, dissolving successive layers of vol- The most important and the first station canic mud and ash, leaving fantastic earth- out of Guaqui is Tiaguanaco, the goal of pyramids to act as sentinels along the well- every, South American traveler interested demarcated rim. To the north-east the in archæology. The sadly neglected con snow-covered Huaina Potosi, though many dition of these monuments of a former re leagues distant, looks over the rim, and markable race stands for a government's twenty-five miles to the south-east the crime. Bolivia must face the shame of majestic mountain of Illimani, held in having allowed their indiscriminate and superstitious awe by the Indians, raises its avaricious destruction by bands of so 21,000 feet of snow- and ice-covered rock called scientists. Arches and walls have as an immovable guardian of the whole been thrown down in the mad search for region. On the south and west the earth- hidden golden treasure. Hewn blocks and pyramids fade away in hazy colors. Fif- carved images have been removed to build teen hundred feet below nestles red-roofed and adorn “modern” buildings; and even La Paz in peaceful quietude, as if conscious the statues remaining have been disfigured of the protecting influence of the mountain by vandals who have used them as targets barriers. for gun practice. Eyes and ears, scroll The rattling coach soon brought us back work and hieroglyphics have been in part to practical thoughts as it dashed down the destroyed by bullets whose lead splashes winding road and around the curves un- are now visible. And more. Sordid treas der the reckless care of a native driver. ure seekers have carried away for general Reaching the outskirts of the town we ran sale images, ornaments, utensils, etc., etc., into a six-horse freight team, and were and in their mad and ignorant search have thus delayed a quarter of an hour extri- destroyed rare ceramic treasures of whose cating the horses, which proved tractable, value they were ignorant. due, probably, to many like experiences. Grand though they are even in desola Many interesting features arrest the at- tion, the present state of these ruins, as the tention of the traveler at La Paz, which direct result of gross vandalism, arouses is so far from the beaten path that it is the indignation and the sorrow of the little changed by foreign contact. A lim- traveler. Excavations extend in all direc ited number of electric lights and tele- tions, but the work is not yet half done. It phones are the only up-to-date improve- should be carried on in a scientific manner ments. No tramways are seen, or other under government control, so the archæ modern means of altering the primitive ological world may be enriched by what life. A goodly number of German and ever discoveries are made. Being upon a French, a few English, and perhaps a nearly level site, the ruins of Tiaguanaco dozen American residents make up the are not so imposing as those of Cuzco and foreign total of 60,000 inhabitants. A Ollantay-tambo, but they are probably military band plays twice a week in the older by centuries and represent a some plaza, when the people promenade — the what higher civilization, if that term may aristocratic portion walking back and forth be applied to the achievements of a semi on the upper side of the square, instead of barbaric people. encircling it as they do in all other Spanish- The traveler arrives at the Alto with the American towns which I have visited. The pampa and the low (measured from the young men congregate to stare at the young valley bed) hills behind him; to the left ladies, who are seldom on the streets at glisten the snow and the glaciers of lofty other times. I did not see a single beau- Andean peaks, and in front is the sharp tiful woman at the many such gatherings rim of the hidden valley. Boarding one I attended, but there are, however, pretty 330 The Outing Magazine types among the Chola class, as that mix- custom. Saturdays and Sundays are the ture of Spanish, Indian and foreign blood days of greatest activity, when hundreds is called. Little glazed hats, high-heeled of Indians arrive from the surrounding shoes and fancy stockings which are dis country. Flowers are very abundant, and played by very short skirts, form the dis fruits also when in season, but the latter tinctive dress of the Cholas. Gaudy are expensive and of inferior quality. shawls and jewelry, with the omnipresent Jaguar and leopard skins and gaudy bundle held on their backs by vari-colored feathers brought from the Beni region be- fajas, are also a part of their makeup. yond the Cordillera, bright-colored Indian Their usually pretty teeth, eyes and nat blankets, belts of intricate design, woolen ural ruddy color give them an appearance hoods and vicuña ponchos are also on sale. so pleasing as to have made them famous La Paz, which is the center of what in southern countries. Especially on the culture exists in Bolivia, is admitted by the numerous feast days do they bedeck them authorities to contain ninety per cent. of selves in great splendor. Those of Chola illiterates, and doubtless the estimate is blood are widely separated from the stupid as favorable as possible. Several Roman and unattractive Indians, but cannot as Catholic schools exist where a narrow, ele- pire to the inner aristocratic circle. mentary education is given; also a univer- As the capital city, La Paz is the social sity with various departments, including and political center, and its streets present law, medicine and theology. Several able an animated business-like appearance, the physicians practice in the city, but they volume of commerce carried being enor were educated in foreign schools. The the- mous. Competition is exceedingly keen ological department receives its crude ma- in all lines, and the great number of stores terial from almost any source, and many of every description creates wonderment of the priests are liberally supplied with among sight-seers as to where the buyers Indian blood, some of them low-browed, come from. In addition to the shops is immoral loafers, whom any amount of also one of the largest outdoor markets in training would never convert into men of South America, where in a big, many- high ideals. stalled building every article and variety The Prado is a wide street converted of product under the Bolivian sun is placed into a promenade by eucalyptus and other on sale. In the streets adjoining hundreds trees, and several creditable statues and of women sit on the curbing or paving fountains; it provides a very refreshing stones, each with her stock of merchandise retreat from the motley crowds of the placed in view on the ground to attract streets. IN JUNE BY MATILDA HUGHES A quiet hour beneath the trees; A little, whispering, lazy breeze; A perfect sky, Where, now and then, an idle cloud Strayed from its mates to wander by, And near the border of the wood A thrush that sang, serene and strong, The flute notes of the perfect song We almost understood; Then eventide--and in the light The mystery that preludes the night, Photograph by A. B. Phelan. “AND ALL THE FISH THAT HE DID CATCH WERE IN HIS MOTHER'S PAIL." HIS BATTLE BY NORMAN H. CROWELL I " I was rather late in the evening when terms with 'im-brace up strong! If the battle-scarred veteran hitched his them fellers are goin' to tackle us while chair out from behind the stove and me 'n Jabe Wiggins is here, they'll get coughed ever so slightly as he stole a somethin' they ain't a-hankerin' fer,' 1 glance at the proprietor, who was wiping says. the bar. “That tickled th' general a heap, I could “Boys,” said he, “I've been through a see, an' he onbuckled th' saddle agin. good many things that the heft o' you fel “Thanky, Jim,' says he, 'yer th' lers would agree was middlin' tough, but bravest sojer I ever see,' says he, an' Grant the wust I ever was through was Turkey never said them same words to no other Ridge. Ever hear o' Turkey Ridge?" person afore ner sinst. He cast an eagle eye at the circle of “I teched my hat an' bowed half way to bronzed faces and smiled wearily as he th' ground, for th' braver a man is th' per- moved his gaze in the direction of the liter he allus gits-ever notice it? proprietor. “Well, about four o'clock next mornin' "What kind of a disease is it, Cap?” in th' bugle busted loose an’ we heard a ter- terrogated an individual in a far corner. rific hullabaloo from down below. I stuck The veteran stiffened. my head out o'th' tent flap an' see th' “It was th' dingdongdest kind of a enemy a-chargin' rippity-snort right at maulin' match that took place durin'th' us, laying behin' their ponies' necks an’ hull war, an' fer one l’nı mighty glad I got yellin' their war-whoops to beat all git--" out alive. Why, out o'thirty-seven hun "War-whoops?" ejaculated the proprie- derd men that went into it all I ever see tor. arterward was me 'n Jabe Wiggins. I "Exactly, sir, an' when up'rds o'twenty- tell ye, th’ way us two fellers stood with our two thousand man-eatin' Sioux Injuns are backs agin' each other an’ fit was a cau whoopin' all to once like they did at Tur- tion to key Ridge, I want to tell ye it interferes "When was this eppysode, Cap?” broke with sleepin'. In a minute them savages in the proprietor, as he poised the towel in begun firin’arrers in onto us thicker 'n mid-air. hailstuns, an' then come tommyhawks an' The veteran glanced up quickly and ex bowie knives in a manner fit to make a posed his snaggy gums. statoo nervous. “Febbywary th' 'leventh, '65," said he. “Me 'n Jabe was gettin' our clothes on “We was under Grant an' we'd been about as lively as we could under th' cir- brushin' up agin' ol' Stunwall Jackson till cumstances an' I says to Jabe, says I: we'd got reduced down to jest twenty “Jabe, there's only nine hundred of us eight hunderd fightin'men. in this here trap, an' if I die ye'll tell th’ was on a big slope, an' one day we got word folks about it, I reckon ?' that th' Johnnies was congregatin' down “I will, Jim,' says he. below us about fifteen thousand strong. “'Tell 'em how it was—fightin' to th’ They had us cornered all right and things last-ammynition all gone, sword broke looked blue for the ol' Twenty-ninth, I off to th' hilt, an’ wallerin' in blood?' tell ye. Grant was a-saddlin' up his racin' “I'll tell 'em jest how it was, Jim,' he hoss to make his escape when I goes over says. an' slaps 'im on th’ shoulder. *An' i'll do th’ same for you,' says I. “Brace up, Simp, old boy!' I says “Then we grabs our guns an’ steps out, allus called 'im Simp, bein' on sech good an' there was th’ hull intire Mexikin army Our camp 332 His Battle 333 gun at 'em!' a-circlin' round us led by ol' Santy Anny “We'll show them Rebs a set o' tactics hisself on a pink pinto. Me 'n Jabe drops Jim,' says Jabe, in a whisper; 'p'int yer on one knee an' begins sawin' into them Greasers like a man mowin' corn, but they “Then he gives Stunwall a leetle boost kep' a-comin'. There was thirty-one thou from behind an' hollers: sand of 'em in thet bunch. I reckon th' “Hep! Hep! Right about face- rick o'carkisses in front o'me 'n Jabe was double-quick-march!' all o’ five foot high, every man in it hit "Well, we'd marched them fellers a plunk in th’ eye, fer us two fellers was good sixteen mile down th' slope when all about th' deadest shots there was in Grant's of a sudden ki! yi! and round a bend in th' army at that time. road came th’darndest snarl o' painted “But our boys was droppin' like saplin's blood-huntin' Apaches-about sixty-three an’ th’ Confedrits, led by Lee on a milk thousand of 'em-a-whoopin' it up th' white stallion, was a-pressin' us close. wust I ever heard. We see to once they Purty soon I heard th' bugle tootin' a re had broke out o’ th' reservation an' was treat an' I looks acrost to Jabe. on th' warpath with all four feet. “Shell we run?' says I. “They had their skinnin' knives in their “Never!' says Jabe. We'll fight it out teeth an’ was hammeriri' their cayuses like on this line if it takes all summer!' a blind man poundin' a ca:,'et. “Arter th’ battle I heard it said as how “Halt!' yells Jabe to th' ariny. Load it was Grant who spoke them words, but yer guns!' it wa’n’t Grant-it was my ol' bunkie, “Stunwall,' says he, 'I'm a-goin' to Jabe Wiggins. parole ye long enough fer ye to wipe out “Well, our boys skedaddled—what there them redskins. Will ye do it?' was left of 'em-an' there was us two “ With pleasure!' says Stunwall, bowin' a-stan'in' off them forty-five thousand till he could see the sky between his knees. naked Pawnee bucks with our trusty rifles. “Git at it, then!' says Jabe, an' he Time an’agin they rushed us, an' once they turned ’im loose. got so close that one of 'em picked Jabe's "Well, me'n Jabe set there on a big pocket, but we clubbed 'em back. rock an’ superintended one o' th' wooli- "Jest about this time I happens to look est gougin' fights that has took place sinst back over my shoulder, an' there was oľ C’lumbus discovered Ameriky. It was nip Stunwall hisself a-straddle of his sorrel an' tuck from th' drop o' th' hat. Them hoss a-chargin' down lickity-larrup at th' Apaches was as game as a baskit o' stale head o' fifty-two thousand picked men. eggs, an' they rid right up agin th’ Rebs’ “It's all up, Jabe!' says I, as I give my eyelashes time an' agin. faithful pard a nudge with the hot end o’ “We'd been settin' there 'bout two hours my rifle. enjoyin' that fight, an' arter a while we “Jabe looks around an' then pulls his both fell sound asleep. But in less 'n a plug an' gnaws a quid offen one corner minute th’Oregon, which was cruisin' in afore he spoke. th' harbor, opened up with her 12-incher, “O'Pears like it!' was his words, an' I an'th' fust shot hit that rock square in th’ guess I'll never fergit 'em. collar bone—an’ say! It woke me 'n Jabe “They was purty nigh onto us when up about as quick as ye could crack a somethin' happened. Th' ol' sorrel stepped walnut! Th’ rock was nowhere to be seen, onto a dead Injun an' throwed Stunwall an' what do ye suppose had took place?” right into Jabe's arms. Jabe grabs 'im an’ The speaker glanced appealingly toward waves his free hand at th' army. the proprietor. “Back!' says he, ‘back, or I'll be under “What was it?" said the latter. th' painful necessity o' harmin' Stunwall!' "Well, sir-Jabe had had a touch o’ “Notice th’ perliteness o' Jabe in th' nightmare an' rolled out agin th' center- face o' danger—it's onusual, sech perlite- pole. Thet loosened th’ camp kittle an' ness is. she come down kerwhang square into my “Th’ army throwed itself back onto its solar plexum. It knocked th' wind clean haunches an’ looked at us perfectly help -eh? Why-1-certainly! I'll take a less. nip o' that 'leven-year-old, Dave!" Hoe Drawing by Frank E. Schoonover. "Hopalong's Colts peeped over the ears of his horse, and he backed into a corner near the bar." - - BAR 20 RANGE YARNS IV.-HOPALONG KEEPS HIS WORD BY CLARENCE EDWARD MULFORD T \HE waters of the Rio Grande slid He came to himself and laughed again placidly toward the Gulf, the hot as he thought of Carmencita, the first girl sun branding the sleepy waters with he had ever known—and the last. With a streaks of molten fire. To the north arose boy's impetuosity he had wooed her in a from the gray sandy plain the Quitman manner far different from that of the peons Mountains, and beyond them lay Bass who sang beneath her window and talked Cañon. From the latter emerged a soli to her mother. He had boldly scaled the tary figure astride a broncho, and, as he wall and did his courting in her house, ascended the topmost rise, he glanced be- trusting to luck and to his own ability to low him at the placid stream and beyond avoid being seen. No hidden meaning lay it into Mexico. As he sat quietly in his in his words; he spoke from his heart and saddle he smiled and laughed gently to with no concealment. And he remembered himself. The trail he had just followed the treachery that had forced him, fighting, had been replete with trouble which had to the camp of his outfit; and when he had suited the state of his mind, and he now returned with his friends she had disap- felt humorous, having cleaned up a press- peared. To this day he hated that mud- ing debt with his six-shooter. Surely there walled convent and those sisters who so ought to be a mild sort of excitement in the easily forgot how to talk. The fragrance land he faced, something picturesque and of the old days wrapped themselves around out of the ordinary. This was to be the him, and although he had ceased to pine finishing touch to his trip, and he had left for his black-eyed Carmencita — well, it his two companions at Albuquerque in would be nice if he chanced to see her again. order that he might have to himself all that Spurring his mount into an easy canter he he could find. swept down to and across the river, fording Not many miles to the south of him lay it where he had crossed it when pursuing the town which had been the rendezvous Tamale José. of Tamale José, whose weakness had been The town lay indolent under the Mexican a liking for other people's cattle. Well he night, and the strumming of guitars and remembered his first man hunt: the dis the tinkle of spurs and tiny bells softly covery of the theft, the trail and pursuit echoed from several houses. The convent and—the ending. He was scarcely eigh- of St. Maria lay indistinct in its heavy teen years of age when that event took shadows, and the little church farther up place, and the wisdom he had absorbed then the dusty street showed dim lights in its had stood him in good stead many times stained windows. Off to the north be- since. He had even now a touch of pride came audible the rhythmic beat of a horse, at the recollection how, when his older and soon a cowboy swept past the convent companions had failed to get Tamale José, with a mocking bow. He clattered across he with his undeveloped strategy had the stone-paved plaza and threw his mount gained that end. The fight would never be back on its haunches as he stopped before forgotten, as it was his first, and no sight a house. Glancing around and determin- of wounds would ever affect him as did ing to find out a few facts as soon as possi- those of Red Connors as he lay huddled ble, he rode up to the low door and pounded up in the dark corner of that old adobe hut. upon it with the butt of his Colt. After 335 336 The Outing Magazine waiting for possibly half a minute and re what yu said was a window? Ah, come on ceiving no response, he hammered a tune an’ open th' door-I'd shore like to see yu upon it with two Colts, and had the satis- again!" pleaded the irrepressible. faction of seeing half a score of heads pro “No! no! Go away. Oh, won't you trude from the windows in the near-by please go away!” houses. Hopalong sighed audibly and turned his "If I could scare up another gun I might horse. As he did so he heard the door open get th’ whole blamed town up,” he grum and a sigh reached his ears. He wheeled bled whimsically, and fell on the door with like a flash and found the door closed again another tune. on its chain. A laugh of delight came from “Who is it?" came from within. The behind it. voice was distinctly feminine and Hopa "Come out, please!-just for a minute," long winked to himself in congratulation. he begged, wishing that he was brave “Me,” he replied, twirling his fingers from enough to smash the door to splinters and his nose at the curious, forgetting that the grab her. darkness hid his actions from sight. “If I do, will you go away?" asked the “Yes, I know; but who is 'me'?” came girl. “Oh, what will Manuel say if he from the house. comes? And all those people, they'll tell “Ain't I a fool!” he complained to him him!” self, and raising his voice he replied coax “Hey, yu!" shouted Hopalong, brandish- ingly, “Open th' door a bit an' see. Are ing his Colts at the protruding heads. “Git yu Carmencita?" scarce! I'll shore plug th’ last one in!" "0-0-0! But you must tell me who it Then he laughed at the sudden vanishing. is first." The door slowly opened and Carmencita, “Mr. Cassidy,” he replied, flushing at the fat and frowsy, wobbled out to him. Hopa- ‘mister,' "an' I wants to see Carmencita.” long's feelings were interfering with his “Carmencita who?” teasingly came from breathing as he surveyed her. "Oh, yu behind the door. shore are mistaken, Mrs. Carmencita. I Hopalong scratched his head. "Gee, wants to see yore daughter!" yu've roped me— suppose she has got “Ah, you have forgotten the little Car- another handle. Oh, yu know-she used mencita who used to look for you. Like to live here about seven years back. She all the men, you have forgotten,” she cooed had great big black eyes, pretty cheeks reproachfully. Then her fear predomi- an' a mouth that 'ud stampede anybody. nated again and she cried, “Oh, if my hus- Don't yu know now? She was about so band should see me now!" high,” holding out his hand in the darkness. Hopalong mastered his astonishment and The door opened a trifle on a chain, and bowed. He had a desire to ride madly into Hopalong peered eagerly forward. the Rio Grande and collect his senses. “Ah, it is you, the brave Americano! "Yu are right-this is too dangerous- You must go away quick or you will meet l'll amble on some,” he replied hastily. with harm. Manuel is awfully jealous and Under his breath he prayed that the outfit he will kill you! Go at once, please!" would never learn of this. He turned his Hopalong pulled at the half-hearted down horse and rode slowly up the street as the upon his lip and laughed softly. Then he door closed. slid the guns back in their holsters and felt Rounding the corner he heard a soft foot- of his sombrero. fall, and swerving in his saddle, he turned “Manuel wants to see me first, Star and struck with all his might in the face of eyes?” a man who leaped at him, at the same time “No! no!” she replied, stamping upon grasping the uplifted wrist with his other the floor vehemently. “You must go now hand. A curse and the tinkle of thin steel --at once!” on the pavement accompanied the fall of “I'd shore look nice hittin' th' trail be his opponent. Bending down from his sad- cause Manuel Somebody wants to get hurt, dle he picked up the weapon, and the next wouldn't 1? Don't yu remember how I minute the enraged assassin was staring used to shinny up this here wall an' skin into the unwavering and, to him, growing th' cat gettin' through that hole up there muzzle of a Colt's .45. Bar 20 Range Yarns 337 “Yu shore had a bum teacher. Don't “Shore, go home. I'll just circulate yu know better'n to push it in? An' me a around some for exercise. No hard feel- cow-puncher, too! I'm most grieved at ings, only yu better throw it next time,” yore conduct-it shows yu don't appre he said as he backed away and rode off. ciate cow-wrastlers. This is safer," he re Manuel went down the street and then ran marked, throwing the stiletto through the into the saloon, where he caused an uproar. air and into a door, where it rang out Hopalong rode to the end of the plaza angrily and quivered. “I don't know as and tried to sing, but it was a dismal failure. I wants to ventilate yu; we mostly poisons Then he felt thirsty and wondered why he coyotes up my way,” he added. Then a hadn't thought of it before. Turning his thought struck him. “Yu must be that dear horse and seeing the saloon he rode up to Manuel l've been hearin' so much about?” it and in, lying flat on the animal's neck A snarl was the only reply and Hopalong to avoid being swept off by the door frame. grinned. His entrance scared white some half a “Yu shore ain't got no call to go loco dozen loungers, who immediately sprang that way, none whatever. I don't want up in a decidedly hostile manner. Hopa- yore Carmencita. I only called to say hul long's Colts peeped over the ears of his loo," responded Hopalong, his sympathies horse and he backed into a corner near the being aroused for the wounded man before bar. him from his vivid recollection of the wom “One, two, three — now, altogether, an who had opened the door. breathe! Yu acts like yu never saw a real “Yah!" snarled Manuel. “You wants puncher afore. All th' same," he remarked, to poison my little bird. You with your nodding at several in the crowd, “I've seen fair hair and your cursed swagger!" yu afore. Yu are th' gents with th' hot- The six-shooter tentatively expanded foot get-a-way that vamoosed when we got and then stopped six inches from the Mex Tamale." ican's nose. “Yu wants to ride easy, hom Curses were flung at him and only the bre. I ain't no angel, but I don't poison humorous mood he was in saved trouble. no woman; an' don't yu amble off with th' One, bolder than the rest, spoke up: “The idea in yore head that she wants to be señor will not see any ‘hotfoot get-a-way,' poisoned. Why, she near stuck a knife in as he calls it, now! The señor was not wise me!” he lied. to go so far away from his friends!” The Mexican's face brightened somewhat, Hopalong looked at the speaker, and a but it would take more than that to wipe quizzical grin slowly spread over his face. out the insult of the blow. The horse be “They'll shore feel glad when I tells them came restless, and when Hopalong had yu was askin' for 'em. But didn't yu see effectively quieted it he spoke again. too much of 'em once, or was yu poundin' “Did yu ever hear of Tamale José?” leather in the other direction? Yu don't “Yes." want to worry none about me—an' if yu "Well, I'm th' fellow that stopped him don't get yore hands closter to yore neck in th' 'dobe hut by th' arroyo. I'm tellin' they'll be 1-1 to pay! There, that's more yu this so yu won't do nothin'rash an' like home,” he remarked, nodding assur- leave Carmencita a widow. Sabe?”. ance. The hate on the Mexican's face redou Reaching over he grasped a bottle and bled, and he took a short step forward, poured out a drink, his Colt slipping from but stopped when the muzzle of the Colt his hand and dangling from his wrist by a kissed his nose. He was the brother of thong. As the weapon started to fall sev- Tamale José. As he backed away from eral of the audience involuntarily moved the cool touch of the weapon he thought as if to pick it up. Hopalong noticed this out swiftly his revenge. Some of his and paused with the glass half way to his brother's old companions were at that mo lips. “Don't bother yoreselves none; I ment drinking mescal in a saloon down the can git it again," he said, tossing off the street, and they would be glad to see this liquor. Americano die. He glanced past his house “Wow! Holy smoke!” he yelled. “This at the saloon and Hopalong misconstrued ain't drink! Sufferin' coyotes, nobody can his thoughts. accuse yu of sellin' liquor! Did yu niake 338 The Outing Magazine over. this all by yoreself?” he asked incredu- insignia of sheriff. Hopalong complied, lously of the proprietor, who didn't know but as his hands went up two spurts of whether to run or to pray. Then he no fire shot forth and the sheriff dropped his ticed that the crowd was spreading out, weapon, reeled and sat down. Hopalong and his Colts again became the center of rode over to him and, swinging down, interest. picked up the gun and looked the officer “Yu with th' lovely face, sit down !" he ordered as the person addressed was gliding "Shoo, yu'll be all right soon—yore only toward the door. “I ain't a-goin' to let plugged in th' arms,” he remarked as he yu pot me from th' street. Th’ first man glanced up the street. Shadowy forms who tries to git scarce will stop something were gliding from cover to cover, and he hot. An' yu all better sit down,” he sug- immediately caused consternation among gested, sweeping them with his guns. One them by his accuracy. man, more obdurate than the rest, was slow "Ain't it h-1?" he complained to the in complying, and Hopalong sent a bullet wounded man. “I never starts out but through the top of his high sombrero, which what somebody makes me shoot 'em. Came had a most gratifying effect. down here to see a girl, an' finds she's mar- "You'll regret this!" hissed a man in the ried. Then when I moves on peaceable rear, and a murmur of assent arose. Some like, her husband makes me hit him. Then one stirred slightly in searching for a weap I wants a drink, an' he goes an' fans a knife on, and immediately a blazing Colt froze at me, an' me just teachin' him how! Then him into a statue. yu has to come along an’ make more trou- “Yu shore looks funny; eeny, meeny, ble. Now look at them fools over there,” miny, mo," counted off the daring horse he said, pointing at a dark shadow some man; “move a bit an' off yu go,” he fin- fifty paces off. “They're pattin' their ished. Then his face broke out in another backs because I don't see 'em, an' if I hurts grin as he thought of more enjoyment. them they'll git mad. Guess I'll make “That there gent on th’ left,” he said, 'em dust along," he added, shooting into pointing out with a gun the man he meant. the spot. A howl went up and two men “Yu sing us a song. Sing a nice little ran away at top speed. song." The sheriff nodded his sympathy and As the object of his remarks remained spoke. spoke. “I reckons you had better give up. mute, he let his thumb ostentatiously slide You can't get away. Every house, every back with the hammer of the gun under it. corner and shadow holds a man. “Sing! Quick!” The man sang. a brave man-but, as you say, unfortunate. As Hopalong leaned forward to say some Better help me up and come with me thing a stiletto flashed past his neck and they'll tear you to pieces." crashed into the bottle beside him. The “Shore I'll help yu up— I ain't got no echo of the crash was merged into a report grudge against nobody. grudge against nobody. But my friends as Hopalong fired from his waist. Then know where I am, an' they'll come down he backed out into the street, his horse here an' raise a ruction if I don't show up. carefully avoiding the outstretched form of So, if it's all the same to yu, I'll be ambling Manuel. Wheeling, he galloped across the right along," he said as he helped the sheriff plaza and again faced the saloon. A flash to his feet. split the darkness and a bullet hummed “Have you any objections to telling me over his head and thudded into an adobe your name?" asked the sheriff as he looked wall at his back. Another shot and he himself over. replied, aiming at the flash. From down "None whatever," answered Hopalong the street came the sound of a window heartily. "I'm Hopalong Cassidy of th’ opening, and he promptly caused it to Bar 20, Texas.” close again. Several more windows opened "You don't surprise me I've heard of and hastily closed, and he rode slowly to you,” replied the sheriff, wearily. "You ward the far end of the plaza. As he are the man who killed Tamale José, whom faced the saloon once more he heard a com I hunted for unceasingly. I found him mand to throw up his hands and saw the when you had left and I got the reward. glint of a gun, held by a man who wore the Come again some time and I'll divide with You are Bar 20 Range Yarns 339 you; two hundred and fifty dollars,” he "Well, I'll be damned!" ejaculated the added craftily. sheriff, starting back in amazement. “Ishore will, but I don't want no "Don't say that, sheriff, you've got lots money," replied Hopalong as he turned of time to reform,” replied a humorous away. “Adios, señor," he called back. voice. "How's th' wings?" “Adios,” replied the sheriff as he kicked “Almost well; you were considerate,” a near-by door for assistance. responded the sheriff. The cow-pony tied itself up in knots as "Let's go in--somebody might see me it pounded down the street toward the out here an’ get into trouble,” suggested trail, and, although he was fired on, he the visitor, placing his foot on the sill. swung into the dusty trail with a song “Certainly — pardon my discourtesy," on his lips. Several hours later he stood said the sheriff. “You see, I wasn't expect- dripping wet on the American side of the ing you to-night,” he explained, thinking Rio Grande, and shouted advice to a score of the elaborate preparations that he would of Mexican cavalrymen on the opposite have gone to if he had thought the irre- bank. Then he slowly picked his way pressible would call. toward El Paso for a game at Faro Dan's. "Well, I was down this way, an' seeing as how I had promised to drop in, I just The sheriff sat in his easy chair one night natchurally dropped,” replied Hopalong, some three weeks later, gravely engaged in as he took the chair proffered by his host. rolling a cigarette. His arms were prac After talking awhile on everything and tically well, the wounds being in the fleshy nothing, the sheriff coughed and looked parts. He was a philosopher and was dis- uneasily at his guest. posed to take things easy, which accounted “Mr. Cassidy, I am sorry you called, for for his being in his official position for fif I like men of your energy and courage, and teen years. A gentleman at the core, he I very much dislike to arrest you,” re- was well educated and had visited a goodly marked the sheriff. “Of course you under- portion of the world. A book of Horace stand that you are under arrest,” he added lay open on his knees and on the table at with anxiety. his side lay a shining new revolver, Hopa "Who, me?" asked Hopalong with a ris- long having carried off his former weapon. ing inflection. He read aloud several lines and, in reaching "Most assuredly,” breathed the sheriff. for a light for his cigarette, noticed the new “Why, this is the first time I ever heard six-shooter. His mind leaped from Horace anything about it,” replied the astonished to Hopalong, and he smiled grimly at the cow-puncher. “I'm an American—don't latter's promise to call. that make any difference?" Glancing up, his eyes fell on a poster "Not in this case, I'm afraid. You see, which conveyed the information in Spanish it's for manslaughter." and in English that there was offered “Well, don't that beat th’ devil, now?” FIVE HUNDRED Dollars ($500) REWARD said Hopalong. He felt sorry that a citizen FOR HOPALONG Cassidy, of the glorious United States should be of the ranch known as the Bar 20, prey for troublesome sheriffs, but he was Texas, U. S. A. sure that his duty to Texas called upon him never to submit to arrest at the hands of a and which gave a good description of that Greaser. Remembering the Alamo, and gentleman. still behind his Colt, he reached over and Sighing for the five hundred, he again took up the shining weapon from the table took up his book and was lost in its pages and snapped it open on his knee. After when he heard a knock, rather low and placing the cartridges in his pocket he timid. Wearily laying aside his reading, tossed the gun over on the bed and, reach- he strode to the door, expecting to hear a ing inside his shirt, drew out another and lengthy complaint from one of his towns threw it after the first. men. As he threw the door wide open, the “That's yore gun; I forgot to leave it,” light streamed out and lighted up a revolv- he said, apologetically. “Anyhow yu needs er, and behind it the beaming face of a cow two,” he added. boy, who grinned. Then he glanced around the room, no- 340 The Outing Magazine ticed the poster and walked over and read ideas of Greasers staggered under the blow. it. A full swift sweep of his gloved hand Then he smiled sympathetically as he real- tore it from its fastenings and crammed it ized that he faced a white man. under his belt. The glimmer of anger in “Never like to promise nothin',” he re- his eyes gave way as he realized that his plied. “I might get plugged, or something head was worth a definite price, and he might happen that wouldn't let me." Then smiled at what the boys would say when he his face lighted up as a thought came to showed it to them. Planting his feet far him; “Say, I'll cut th' cards with yu to see apart and placing his arms akimbo, he if I comes back or not." faced his host in grim defiance. The sheriff leaned back and gazed at the “Got any more of these?” he inquired, cool youngster before him. A smile of placing his hand on the poster under his satisfaction, partly at the self-reliance of belt. his guest and partly at the novelty of his "Several," replied the sheriff. situation, spread over his face. He reached “Trot 'em out,” ordered Hopalong for a pack of Mexican cards and laughed. shortly. “God! You're a cool one I'll do it. The sheriff sighed, stretched and went What do you call?" over to a shelf from which he took a bundle "Red," answered Hopalong. of the articles in question. Turning slowly The sheriff slowly raised his hand and he looked at the puncher and handed them revealed the ace of hearts. to him. Hopalong leaned back and laughed, at “I reckons they's all over this here the same time taking from his pocket the town," remarked Hopalong. six extracted cartridges. Arising and going “They are, and you may never see Texas over to the bed, he slipped them in the again." chambers of the new gun and then placed "So? Well, yu tell yore most particular the loaded weapon at the sheriff's elbow. friends that the job is worth five thousand, "Well, I reckon l'll amble, sheriff," he and that it will take so many to do it that said as he opened the door. “If yu ever when th' mazuma is divided up it won't sifts up my way, drop in an' see me-th' buy a meal. There's only one man in this boys 'll give yu a good time.” country to-night that can earn that money, "Thanks; I will be glad to," replied the an' that's me,” said the puncher. “An' I sheriff. “You'll take your pitcher to the don't need it,” he added, smiling. well once too often, some day, my friend. “But you are my prisoner—you are un This courtesy," glancing at the restored der arrest,” enlightened the sheriff, rolling revolver, "might have cost you dearly." another cigarette. The sheriff spoke as if "Shoo! I did that once an' th' feller asking a question. Never before had five tried to use it," replied the cowboy, as he hundred dollars been so close at hand and backed through the door. "Some people yet so unobtainable. It was like having are awfully careless,” he added. “So a check-book but no bank account. long “I'm shore sorry to treat yu mean,” "So long," replied the sheriff, wondering remarked Hopalong, “but I was paid a what sort of a man he had been entertain- month in advance an’ I'll have to go back ing. an' earn it.” The door closed softly, and soon after a “You can- if you say that you will re joyous whoop floated in from the street. turn," replied the sheriff, tentatively. The The sheriff toyed with the new gun and sheriff meant what he said, and for the mo listened to the low caress of a distant ment had forgotten that he was powerless guitar. and was not the one to make terms. "Well, don't that beat hell?” he ejacu- Hopalong was amazed and for a time his lated. IN THE SHADOW VALLEY A MORNING’S FISHING BY EDWINA STANTON BABCOCK |T was early. The As I made no effort to reply, the key- Sportswoman, hole's sibilances ceased, which I half re- standing outside gretted, wondering that the Sportswoman my door, beat on should so soon abandon her laudable pur- it with a vigorous pose. Before I could lose myself again, pounding of both however, it was my ill fortune to see, crawl- little hands, ex ing stealthily through the crack between the postulating at the door base and the sill, a half sheet of note same time through paper. Again the keyhole took up its rune the key hole in and I was given to understand that the whispers accompanied by some irritating Sportswoman was pushing in a communi- and uncalled-for wind effects. “Get up, cation of tense and thrilling interest; a com- wheezed the keyhole urgently, "it's going munication, urged the asthmatic keyhole, to be a perfectly grand day. Do get up which I would do well to rise and consider. and look out. The view from your win Under these adroit stimuli as applied by dow is all mountains; just think, seven the knowing Sportswoman, my eyes wi- mountains to do what you like with! dened to the possibilities of things. To That's the trout stream you hear rushing see a paper waggling its way into one's down the valley-oh, do get up! do be room in a sneaking and furtive progress enthusiastic! what's the use of sleeping is to grow suddenly wild with curiosity. any more?” Mystery had always been the Sportswom- I turned on my pillow, eying the key- an's strongest play and I had never yet hole with drowsy severity, deciding that I failed to respond-yet hold! was I being would keep perfectly still and ignore this trifled with? foolishness, particularly the concluding For answer the sheet of note paper went question. Such words, addressed to a per- through a series of passionate appeals, son just returned, as was I, from a land which taking into consideration its size, where the hardest labor consisted of pick- the circumscribed area of its operations ing up, gold dollars in the public streets, and its simple motive power, were astonish- could only seem obtuse. What did I care ing. It advanced and retreated energeti- for getting up and looking at views? I cally. It beckoned with shy entreaty, and had for some hours been the frequenter of then as if mortally offended, completely luxurious palaces and gardens where I was disappeared. I leaned over watching for made the object of special condescensions it, whereupon it returned, but sadly and from illustrious nobility and nabobbery. without confidence, immediately beginning I had been clad in the most magnificent preparations for a slow, regretful, but final costumes, drawn by Arabian steeds through departure. I was roused. To see that huzzaing multitudes to fêtes and festivals. paper vanishing before my very eyes was In short, I had been in that place of satis too much. Rushing over to the door I fell fied Ego, the land of dreams. Why, com upon it, seized it and began reading its ing direct from a life so stimulating and message, a reading which was substantiated elevating, should I care to rise and look at and eked out by various giggling manifes- a mere view? tations on the part of the keyhole. 341 342 The Outing Magazine Paper: There is a doctor in room 48 and As I leaned out, trying to get my vision a clergyman in 49; they've come up for the to adapt itself to the magnitude of things, fishing. it was that unkempt crew I tried hardest Keyhole: “How can you be so indiffer to see. But I was familiar enough with ent about the mountains? No, don't open the ways of shadow life to realize that it the door. I must scuttle back.” was yet too early. I knew that they were Paper: They are both crack woods- coming to life under the overhanging bowl- men. ders; floating their unsubstanced shapes Keyhole: “I could hear them telling on the treeless peaks; stretching cold yarns last night; one of them has shot a and slab-sided on the trails, or fluttering tiger, the other knows all about ranches.” sketchily in the willows along the stream; Paper: They say that there's one big but they were all lying low, hanging back, trout up in Diana's Pool that won't be and I forsook them to make my man- caught, that every one tried for him last ners to the mountains. I approached the year. seven, thus: “How do you do?”—this Keyhole: "You and I will go up right with emphasized politeness and the exag- after breakfast and get him.” gerated manner of one not sure of his posi- Paper: Did you remember to bring any tion. No answer. Seemed to think it soap? I can't bear the pink kind they al- impertinence. Took it as if they were a ways have here. • Here both paper faculty and I a book agent. and keyhole suddenly ceased. The noise Those who have had the chilling experi- of a distant banging door must have ence of being brought face to face with a startled the Sportswoman. limitless extension of family tradition will Plunging into the solemn occupation of know what I felt trying to overcome the dressing, I bethought me of the mountains exclusiveness of these mountains. Moun- waiting to be noticed, but concluded not tains can't just say "Howdy” and have to raise the shade until they were ready to done with it. Their “Who are you?” is see me, thinking that perhaps a mountain inevitable. They have talked down and would not like being taken by surprise. I been looked up to too long. Like the un- finished tying all bows and introducing all lettered rich and the inexperienced good buttons to congenial buttonholes, reflects people of the world, they think themselves ing that, no matter how many oceans one the only important parts of the universe; has patted on the back, one should avoid everything else floats around them as nebu- familiarity with mountains. “Never take lous and unconvincing as the white of an a mountain for granted," I said to my egg. It would be fun to make a mountain self, going toward the window; "they get up on its hind legs and beg for biscuit, don't like it.” I raised the shade. opened the window. I leaned out. Things began to grow a little oppressive. Exactly! There they stood, seven of them, I could see I was not going to make an im- looming up from the valley like lusty tow pression and I was casting about for some ers, pushing their snow-streaked aridness remark with which to gracefully take my into the pale morning sky. Seven of them. leave when my eye caught the flash of a Glum. Important. A white-haired aris- swift signal down in the valley. I saw the tocracy keeping up appearances in spite of dip of a white guidon and realized that I rusty clothes and an inevitable down-at was being noticed at last, that the moun- heelness. The sun came scaling over the tain stream was wig-wagging me. Racing top of one, lying flat on its brow like a in and out among the rocks was this gypsy great seal, dripping gold wax and scarlet whose full vitality and untamed passion fire. Down at their bases a brawling made the forest ring. I could see her, far stream swept through masses of rock, off, dancing through the Clove with the through fir and pine, through grove and fling of a foamy scarf and the soft click cairn and clove; and all about their lofty of sparkling castanets. “Coming?" she shapes, slanting through the trees, hud called eagerly to me, but she did not wait dling behind the rocks, watched a dim to hear my answer. I leaned farther out crowd of tatterdemalions, an unkempt and saw how her way led among fallen crew of shadows. logs, around knolls and silver sands, and once. In the Shadow Valley 343 knew she was the one who could show me "Yes, worms,” mocked the little Sports- shadows; shadow paintings, elusive and woman with great spirit; "please don't subtle; shadow mosaics, unstable, shim roar it out like that, either, or we'll have mering and dissolving; colored shadows those men waking up and hurrying down.” such as a mountain stream hoards in her She spoke the last words thickly as she secret caskets for girdle and tiara. “Com- emerged half suffocated from the neck of ing, Girl!” I called back softly to the her gray sweater; she regarded me calmly gypsy. I made a parting face at the Seven but suspiciously through stray locks of her Glum Ones. “Who cares for you?” I said tumbled hair and repeated—"worms, why boldly, and ran off down to breakfast. not?” At the table I found the Sportswoman Without waiting for my response she in a hilarious mood, full of satisfaction at picked up her fishing-rod, threw the creel having gotten the start of the doctor and over her shoulder and caught up by its the clergyman. These harmless individ strap one of the two little tin bait boxes; uals, who had arrived the night before and I followed suit meekly enough, feeling whose highly respectable hats hung on the snubbed but not altogether effaced, and Inn tree vouching for their owners' integ as we went out on the sunlit piazza, ex- rity, the Sportswoman chose to regard as claiming with pleasure at the tingle and interlopers and persons of greed and low stimulus of the mountain air, endeavored cunning. They were to be, she intimated, to explain myself. I said I had always outwitted, disciplined and generally sup- supposed that the really scientific fishing pressed. “I discovered this place and this was done with little smashed-wasp things lovely Innkeeper and his wife," she pro that come in books, things with names tested, “and we came early in the season like “The Fantail Flick,” “The Blue Fay to avoid those old things. Why don't Tricky,” “The Buff Sauce-box”—strug- they keep away, why can't they fish off gling to recall the actual titles of the flies I wharves or in boats in their natural haunts had seen in a book treasured by the Sports- and not go meddling around the country?” woman. We clattered down the wooden This was said with a fierceness quite ador steps, walking toward the kitchen garden able, and it struck me that the doctor and at the back of the Inn, and as I concluded the clergyman, could they overhear it and my explanations reached a place where the see the Sportswoman's sweet face, con broken soil lying dark and heavy on a long- trasting deliciously with her fierce words, cultivated slope presented a promising sur- might not be altogether displeased. face for our labors. But after all, there's a good deal of “Well,"condescended the Sportswoman, room up here in these mountains," I ob- dragging a rusty spade to the scene of oper- served, thoughtfully, sugaring my cereal; ations, “of course I do expect to cast flies "we can't use the whole place at once, you for some of my fish-but-er-well— I'm know." sort of waiting, you see. That doctor and The Sportswoman was inclined to think that clergyman, you know. I want to hide we could. “Anyway,” she pouted, “they, somewhere first and watch how they do it the doctor and the clergyman, would scare -if they're not any better at it than I all the fish and rub all the bloom off the am I'll just come boldly out in the open- scenery and eat their luncheon all over but until then"—the Sportswoman paused everything.” But there was no time to significantly; continuing, “But don't ever argue about the characters of the defense- be ashamed of worms. The Innkeeper less unknown, for seeing me eat my last says the trout are very gamy this month bit of biscuit, the Sportswoman tyrannized and are biting at anything; besides, me into a rapid swallowing of my coffee, worms are the simple, beautiful bait na- folded my napkin and dragged me away ture provides; Izaak Walton wasn't above from the table. “Come on,” she said them, and Adam and Eve did all their fish- eagerly; "now we'll go and dig worms." ing with them. Here-I'll dig, you pick “Worms!” | exclaimed. I followed her out of the big, bare dining-room and we As we worked a silence fell upon us. The paused in the hall before the snapping logs Sportswoman dug, I picked up. Bending of the fireplace--"Worms?" over my labors and controlling expressions up.” 344 The Outing Magazine of distaste, I did some reflecting. My re- flections were something like this: I am exceedingly fond of the Sports- woman. She is a very talented and de- lightful comrade. She is as dainty and fresh as a flower, as ardent and spirited as a bird. I love her round chin with the cleft in it. Her plaintive expression of wistfulness always touches me deeply. Her light laugh, a delicate ascending chromatic, carries me with it right up to the moon. She has the keenest sense of honor, also of humor, and the refinement which expresses itself in a hundred unconscious little re- straints. She is the one person in this world for whom I would pick up a worm. Further reflection: It may be that if one "follows the motion” of the worm one will feel less discomfort. Note:- I find this to be an impossible feat. Further reflection: It occurs to me that the curious and interesting physical econ- omy of a worm necessitates his reeling in one's fingers in such a manner as to suggest that he is endeavoring to turn himself in- side out, but his capacity for auto-sugges- tion is horrible and unwarranted. I tried taking them by what may have been their heads or by what may have been their tails. In loops. In hoops. In ascending spirals. I tried to hold them as I'd like to be held if I were a worm, but always with the same sickening result, the worm yearn- ing away from my unwilling fingers vigor- ously, in a series of desperate clammy involutions that somehow connected them- selves with all that was unstable in my character. At last—"It is too soon after breakfast," I gasped feebly. “Pooh!" returned the Sportswoman, scornfully; glancing up, however, with an anxious look. “Nonsense! Are you afraid of nice, quiet little country worms? Oh, there's a lovely one, get him!” She turned over a fresh clod—“Oh, see that beauty, he's a perfect treasure!" "If I could only get them off my mind, you know," I said unhappily; "if I could only understand which end it is they prefer being picked up by, and why it is that when the spade cuts one in two, both pieces start off in different directions as if each piece wanted to get away from its identity. I see how they got their reputation for turn- ing, but how do they ever decide which point of them is the turning-point? Oh, dear!—Oh, dear!" The Sportswoman was genuinely con- cerned. “Here, you dig, l’U pick up," she offered nobly. “They do get on one's nerves, don't they? We might shut our eyes and quote poetry to keep our minds off them. Ugh!” She shuddered vio- lently as a long specimen twined around her fingers. "Quick, let me get him in the box; here's another. Ah!-E-e-e-e-e-e-h! Mercy !!! The Sportswoman ingloriously dropped the worm she had a minute ago called “a perfect treasure" and turned very pale. “What did he do?” I inquired, in a kind of agony, watching the “perfect treasure" sprawl back into his chosen element. "Do?" she wailed hysterically, “Don't ask me! I won't touch another one. We've enough, anyway; put some earth in your box so they won't get so mixed up with each other, poor things. I suppose,” she went on thoughtfully, as we gathered up our be- longings, “the reason they make us feel so is that we move upright and have an axis; a worm hasn't any axis, and when he tries to get away two ways at once in utter de- fiance of our laws of gravitation and loco- motion it destroys our balance and equi- librium.” I agreed to this in all gravity; and followed the Sportswoman with the feelings of reverence and respect that are due to logic, no matter how imperfect it may be. Rods limbering over shoulders, baskets swaying on hips, bait boxes strapped around waists, we walked rapidly out on the mountain road and began the ascent up the valley. Alongside on our left the brawling stream tore through its rock gates, whirled in pools and foamed over half- formed breakwaters of dead leaves and broken limbs. The winding uphill road was wild and lonely. We met no living thing and saw no friendly roof suggesting habitation. Once in a while the gray slouch of a deserted shack pushed out from the trees on the mountain side, and far ahead of us we could hear the great coarse violin of a sawmill sending its rasped tremolo down the valley; all the rest was evergreen dimness full of the noise of water; a thousand voices confused, haunting, sug- gestive. It was cold, but cold of a light, cham- In the Shadow Valley 345 pagne-like dryness; a sparkle, streaked the forest was only broken here and there with warmth, mellowed where the dips in by filtering sunlight, it was quieter and we the road held tepid air. We went through could hear the cascades falling into the hollows where great trees darkened the soil mottled green-gold depths of Diana's Pool. beneath them with spread carpets of pine All of a sudden the Sportswoman, with a needles, but when we came out again along new light in her eyes, broke from my side, the gray-fenced hill pastures we could feel glancing back to whisper, “You fish this the spring flutter in the atmosphere. It side and keep on toward the Pool; I'll take was cold, but we saw little naked buds the other.” She scrambled down the bank illuminating with their silver softness the to the stream's bed, threading her way young willows by the water; cold, but the among fallen trees and rocks, tramping sunshine, attached to the earth by a myriad sturdily over the loose cobbles to where a gleaming, glancing threads, drew the frost huge trunk bridged the racing water. from the hard soil, leaving it in strange watched her light, unerring little figure . wrinkles and wry contortions. cross this rough suspension and push into For a while the Sportswoman kept up an the wall of hemlock overhanging the other edifying discourse upon the habits, phil bank. A moment later I beheld her hat- osophy and manners of brook trout, and I less, braced for action, perched on a huge learned among other things: bowlder mid-stream unreeling her line. The 1. A trout, if he's going to bite, generally Sportswoman had commenced the business goes for the bait right away. If he doesn't of the day, she had forgotten me, forgotten jump at the first chance it's very foolish to everything reasonable and comfortable for hang around in that one place looking pa what she seemed to see in the dim lurking tient and hoping he'll change his mind; he places beneath the riffles. In a second she can see you better than you see him and sprang to another rock; anxiously examin- you cut a ridiculous figure in his eyes. ing her bait, she then turned her intense 2. Don't pay any attention to the fish gaze up stream, and as she vanished around that are speckled plain red and yellow; they a bend it was borne in upon me that she was are only California trout put in the brook going for “Him,” the big trout, and that for people who are easily imposed upon. until she had satisfied herself concerning Genuine brook trout are speckled pink, "Him" I had lost the Sportswoman. blue, brown, gold and green; they are the As the last bit of her dark corduroy skirt only things in nature that are as bright as disappeared I sighed with relief. My time they are sometimes painted. had come for relaxation; the hour of my 3. A trout measuring under six inches exemption from polite interest had arrived. must not be kept, but put back in the Perhaps it had been an oversight of mine brook; he'll understand why; only it's a not to mention to the Sportswoman, per- pity that law was ever made, for they are haps it had been merely prudence, but I apt to remember and won't bite when they had never confessed to her that I did not grow up. care for trout fishing. She had remained 4. All fish like to be caught. They al all along ignorant of my true feeling in the ways hold their mouths in the shape to matter and the real object with which I had take a hook, and no fish wants to die of old come up into Shadow Valley. I think I age, so it's perfect nonsense to be sentimen acted justly, for why create discord or wet- tal about catching them. blanket enthusiasm, and why, when the We tramped on in silence, plunging friend of one's heart is intent upon catching deeper into the loneliness of things, watch real fish, state stupidly that one is only go- ing the water below us widen and spread in ing out to try one's luck with a paltry turbulence and chatter over the extended shadow or two? Yet, now that I could ravine where small islands of gravel and indulge in a favorite pastime without of- cobble pushed up their ragged surfaces. fending any one, who so happy; left alone The noise beat in our ears like certain of the by the mountain stream, throwing lines Wagnerian strains with an overwhelming and setting nets for the shadows floating in quality of persistence, but at last the road the big Pool of the valley? stretched away a little and turned into the Of course every one will agree that only steep mountain pass, and farther up, where a very foolish and vacant person would go 346 The Outing Magazine fishing for shadows, and until one has fished relieved to have it safely out of my hands- for them a good deal, and had luck-brought relieved, because, if the intimations of the them home and mounted them with their Sportswoman concerning this rod were true, wings, or their fins, or whatever it is that I knew it for a very superior instrument- they fly with, prettily spread-one had blessed by the Pope, well spoken of by the little idea what a fantastic, instructive, most grudging and pernickety of "high- improving sort of sport they are. I should hooks,” and possessing accomplishments never think of recommending this sort of only equaled by the rod of Moses. I felt fishing, however, to practical people, those that it reproved me for not fishing with it, who are engaged in writing their aspira and I half expected it, so conscientious a tions, affections and comprehensions under career had it enjoyed, to turn into a worm the dollar sign. But to artists and mu and go off fishing on its own hook. But I sicians and other benighted beings, whose could not see my way to using it. If I idea of life seems to be that it is a very fished it was to be for shadows only, and in trifling reality clothed and invested with fishing for shadows it is written one must a hundred very beautiful and significant use the old thorn stick of experience, and unrealities, the casual shadow comes grate no double-jointed, triple-articulated con- fully. One may be forgiven for using it traption, flying into slender fits at its un- as a background for his conception of all wholesome tip. things temporal, or eternal; a keynote to I rested, half sitting, half lying on the the colors of his cosmos, for no matter how bank, doing nothing. I felt my heart soft- grotesque and misshapen a quality is the en toward the Lotus Eaters, that bank of shadow, it is never coarse, false or crude. unconscionable loafers who took such com- It somehow fixes objects and occasions, fort in watching the “emerald water falling makes them vivid, imprints them lastingly, through many a woven acanthus wreath although itself be variable and perishing. divine,” and wondering what the rest of One may make his collection of shadows the world was doing. It seemed to me, as varied and detailed as a collection of too, that gazing down into the pellucid shells or of flowers; if he watches carefully pools below me I saw circling in shadowy, enough he finds special kinds, species that mystical motion, forms and faces of people occur only once, varieties of shade that un I knew. I could read their futures and less caught and made sure of on the instant trace their pasts. Like a seer gazing into forever pass away; and this being so, the his crystal ball, I saw omens and portents, Shadow Fisherman grows to understand the fall of kingdoms and the fame of men, nearly all qualities of change and elusive and began in some slight degree to appre- ness; he makes sure of his shadows the mo ciate what a delightfully humorous time ment he sees them; grasping at their sub the Delphic Oracle must have had of it, tleties eagerly and delicately as a child getting all the news directly from the cen- grasping at a soap-bubble or a smoke-ring, ter of the whirl of the universe, and not and storing them safely away in secret being pinned down to the daily papers. shadows of his heart and mind. Meanwhile, I knew, the Sportswoman must Wherever we see the shadow we brood have reached Diana's Pool, nearly a mile over it. In the mystery of the eyes of away, and was arguing with "Him,"trying, children, in the hollow of waves where it illogically, to get him to bite before dinner. dies beneath the crush of foam, under the I could imagine him, a little blasé, wanting listless sail, below the dreamy keel. At to humor her, but inclined to evade the last we grow to look for it everywhere; it proposition and take his ease in his speckled has inevitably become call, witchery, in house coat and peruse the morning paper. spiration to us. Whether it reveals itself I knew she must be communing with him majestically, flying like Valkyrie over the a good deal after the manner of the Vizier's cloud-ridden mountains, or pathetically cookmaid-“Fish, Fish, art thou in thy leaving its sad skeleton behind some leafless duty?" and that he was responding like the bush, its plaintive, pure presence touches yellow and blue fish of the Arabian Nights into poetry the homeliest scenes, deepens with that singularly evasive and uncom- into tenderness the harshest aspect. promising "If you reckon, we reckon. I put down my fishing-rod with a sigh, For all her fortitude and unquenchable In the Shadow Valley 347 love of fishing, I knew the Sportswoman Hoo-hoo! boo-hoo! hoo-hoo! The silvery would weary trying to persuade "Him" call rang out above the noise of the water, that the psychological moment had ar sounding as if some jolly little rascal of rived. I hoped he'd soon be won over, yet an owl had cast away family precedent, it was hard to think of him, because of and started out to paint the town red by one act of generous belief and one jump to broad daylight. I started up and ran out ward higher things, flapping and thrashing on the road. It had grown late morning around in the creel, his wild blood fevered and the flushed face of the Sportswoman with pain and his lovely colors fading into coming over the brow of the hill was in the death. very eye of the sun. She was dripping wet As I lay with all this passing through and muddy, and as she advanced I won- my mind, I could smell the faint fragrance dered where she had left her hat and if she creeping into the turf and see the patches possessed other blue corduroy skirts. But of new green stretching up through last her triumphant approach was sufficient as year's dead grass. I heard the voices of to whether she considered it all worth anemones waking up underground, making while. while. “I've got Him!” she announced over last year's dresses and hats for the joyously, and came up panting. I looked spring opening. I heard old granny weeds in the basket and marveled. There he unlocking doors and windows, and old was, bigger than I had dreamed, sorrily grandpa roots wagging their long beards gasping and trying to explain that it was and swapping oldest inhabitant informa some one else's fault. tion. I heard things also in the water "It's just full of trout,” continued the flowing beneath me. Intelligences were Sportswoman breathlessly, answering my being carried from the mountains to the excited inquiries. “I only came back for ocean of some universal joy that was to more bait. We ought to be getting back come, some soft, seductive yielding, the to the Inn and have Him cooked for dinner. glowing feasts and rites of triumph, the Think of that doctor and that clergyman, glad pomps and ceremonies of happy I don't believe they've caught a thing. birth. Hurrah! Hurrah! Hurrah!” She danced One might learn, by these intelligences around the road like a small, water-soaked that the maples would soon be pushing out nymph gone mad, and I, in a provisional on their boughs the red spongy lees of their and formal but sympathetic appreciation, rising wines. That the willows would ere danced too. Suddenly the Sportswoman long draw their slender fingers through the came to a standstill, eying me. silver strings of the harp of rain. That “What is the matter with your bait box? Robin would tie bowknots on his pipe and what have you been doing?” she asked blow bubbles of song down on the green solemnly. blanket of spring, and that with the ex I looked down; the little green tin was panding and leafing of bud and twig and hanging from my waist wide open, inverted blossom the Shadows would grow stronger and quite empty. There was no sign re- and come in greater hosts. Shadows maining of the Perfect Treasure, the Beau- would dwell in the meadows and along the ty, nor those others whom we had been at lanes. Shadows would lurk in the tree such pains to procure. While I had been tops and rove half wildly, half solemnly dreaming, they, with an astuteness quite in vagrom procession over the rocks awful to think upon, knowing they weren't and mosses and water. The Intelligence wanted, had crawled away. Tdid not know seemed to say that then, in that great how to meet the Sportswoman's eyes, I am gathering of strange forms, I might find a afraid I cringed—but all she said was, “If shadow for my very own, some purple you would only take things seriously!” patch that I might hold as a guerdon and Somehow I felt that it would be useless wear as a talisman, a dream caught with to explain to her that for shadow fishing the thorn stick of experience in the dusky one needs no bait except an illusion or a Pool of the Valley. few fancies. BY HOOK OR CROOK THE TROUT THAT TOMAH PROMISED BY MAXIMILIAN FOSTER W no E fished—Tomah Mooin and 1 Tomah grunted again: "Nuh-not wind. giving ourselves to the employ- Sartin not go right place, fish no catch ment, Peter-wise, with all the um.” faith in the world. But to what avail? In So we turned our backs to failure, and the pleasing reflection that it is not all fish over my shoulder the useless rod dropped ing to catch fish, we had our answer to a aft, trailed its long cast in our wake like the barren day; and I said so softly to Tomah, dejected pennants of a rout. Not all fish- admiring the prettiness of the thought. ing to catch fish! I felt sure of that now; Not all fishing to catch fish — perhaps! and on top of the thought came Tomah's But Tomah's soul was the soul of the bar voice proclaiming its sorry answer to one's barian, demanding results concrete and hunger. Said Tomah, asserting the fact: effective, and he evaded the philosophy “Sartin fish no catch um, salt pork pretty with a grunt: tough!" “Sartin fish no catch um, for what you Which was, of course, only too true. fish?" There was no disputing that we had no I changed the topic. There was fish, however hard and faithfully we had flight of moral fancy that could tempt worked. I should hate to say how many Tomah from his gloom; and over my times Tomah had driven the canoe about shoulder I saw his fat face, as round as a the rim of that one round of water, or for moon, peering intently upon the water, how many hours we lay at the spring hole, and awaiting an answer from its depths. moored to the setting pole. Enough that Hour after hour he had sat there, his arm we left no square rod of the waters, deep outstretched like the figure of a Greek or shoal, unsought. In that time, too, we bearing gifts, and with a patience worthy had tried all ways, leaving nothing undone of better use, jigging nefariously at a hand that we should have done and doing noth- line. For with Tomah, the end ever jus- ing that we ought not to have done. We tified the means; and he plugged, not for tried it far and fine—that is, I did, while the sport of it, but because of the crying Tomah looked on gloomily—and my cast famine bred sharply in this keen New ranged in all the sizes from a midge on the Brunswick air. Around us lay the pond, finest hook to that handful of feathers, its broad acreage hemmed in by forest the salmon fly of the deep and largest walls, and fairly looking trout-trout in waters. But even far and fine brought no every crook of its bending shore line. Place better luck than coarse and close-we were after place we fished, and met failure for stumped, and that seemed plain enough. our pains. Even the spring hole lying in In other years, Tomah and I had taken its upper edge gave no answer to our our fill from this small pool; and it came quest; I tried it with every cast of flies to my mind, now, how we had won our I owned, and whipped its surface till I luck in weather good or bad, in sunshine wearied. So, hunting for a cause, I laid or rain or in any cast of wind. If the our misfortune to the wind; and remem breeze came out of the east, it made no bering the words of that honest angler, odds at all—we had our plenty; and there now with God, remarked that it blew from were even days when the black water, lying the east. like oil under a windless sky, glared back 348 By Hook or Crook 349 at the sun like a mirror, and still gave up We ended our journey with the day. its treasures. Under the edge of the forest Part of it lay by land, and the other part by was always some patch of shadow where dead water, stream and pond. Once, in a the big ones, like aldermen of this munici little chain of lakes, I saw the trout rising pality, lay in wait by the spring brooks for by the shore, but Tomah would not wait. their toll; and we took them with a cast “Better place got um pretty soon. Jus' long and far, pitching the flies almost to mebbe one or two fish. That's all.” But the mossy beaches underneath the tree when we had quit that chain of lakes and limbs. Tomah, looking about him disdain come again to the bush, I wished strongly fully, hunched up his shoulders in disgust. enough that we had tarried awhile 'afloat Pond no good any more," he grum -fish or no fish-if only to have escaped bled. “Lumber feller camp over there the last stages of the journey, and the .las' winter. Shoot um fish with powder.” difficulties that beset us. For Tomah, If that were true—and there seemed no losing his way, swerved aside into the reason to doubt it—what was the thing to depths of a cedar swamp; and in that do? Tomah drew the canoe to the shore trap, ridden down at every step by his and turned it turtle-wise before answering: clumsy, obstreperous load, performed mir- “Dunno-place no good. Mebbe go some acles of maneuver that were fearful and wheres to-morrow. wonderful and altogether hazardous. There Knowing Tomah, I took it that he al was a time when the canoe, seized with a ready had a mind of the matter. When malign animation, took charge of the shop we had made the best of pork and tea, and fought us through the thickets, until, that night, Tomah withdrew to his gutter in that tangle, a battle-ship would have ing pipe, and behind its clouds of smoke been no greater load on our hands than like a Jove retired to heavy meditation. this birchen obstinacy that rushed into The pond's day of glory was gone; plainly every path but the right one. “Hunh!" we must move. “Nuh!” grunted Tomah, said Tomah, grinning; "canoe get tired. coming out of his trance, “place no good Mus' go home, mebbe!" But taking a -another place try um over there.” fresh grip of the spreader, he plunged I knew of Tomah's "places over there". on at a reckless speed; and breaking goals that tried one's soul to reach. But through a last wall of foliage, before us if Tomah could stand it, I thought I could there lay the water we had come so far to stand it too, considering the fact that he find. must tote the canoe across the carries, It was a long and narrow stretch of the and put in some licks of labor at the pad vividest greens — a pond whose depths dle. So at dawn we started, striking away gleamed with the liquid clearness of a gem. into the bush. It lay in a cleft among the hills; and the It was, as I had suspected, a long haul trees, in their infinity, marched down close and a trying one. There were no brushed to its edges, save at one end where a little out portages to travel by, nor any blazed meadow, tracked by the moose and cari- line toshow the easy way; for the places that bou, broke the dark monotone of forest Tomah sought for sport were away from with a splash of brighter colors. Gray, beaten trails. In and out among the trees weathered windfalls, tumbled from their he threaded his way along, the canoe bases, lay around all the shore, their tops bumping and scraping against the boles, submerged, and the sharp stubs of their and Tomah puffing and grunting in reply. branches thrust upward as if to ward off There were his legs twinkling beneath the intruders from the land. Plomp! There gunwales, going like a monster of dreams; it was right under our noses, almost--the and once, as a louder crash and its ech- lunge of a rising fish! Tomah looked oing grunt proclaimed trouble, I hurried around with a grin. on and found him sprawled beneath the “Fish catch um now, mebbe!” he load, uttering heathen curses. “Huh! No boasted. Plomp! Another rise close at hurt um Tomah!” he growled, rising hand. I agreed with him. For around all awkwardly. "Damn bad place catch um the water in our view the fish were rising canoe in swamp. Trees no place for canoe fast. Some came to the surface with a at all.” rush, darting through the clear water like 350 The Outing Magazine a bird; others rose with a quiet ease, barely lipping the surface; and there were some, too, on whom I had my eye, that lunged to the top, and wallowing with a surge that half bared their fat and com- fortable backs, withdrew, leaving the water boiling in their wake. Plomp! “Hunh!” grunted Tomah, sliding the canoe afloat; "sartin big one, that feller!” Already the sun had dipped beneath the hills, and over the forest world and its silence lay that vivid yellow light that comes to end its summer's perfect day. There was no breeze-not even the ghost of an air to blur the mirroring surfaces; and every plunging fish, rising to the luck- less mite of insect life that lured it sent the ripples widening afar. I could not wait. Stepping aboard with landing net and rod still unrigged, I balanced amid- ships, while Tomah, with a giant push, sent the canoe riding afloat and far out into the open. There I drifted alone, with hasty fingers slipping the ferruled joints together and one eye on the rising fish. And after the barren waters we had quit this became a revelation. All about me were the trout coming to their food and play; and making haste, I rigged on the first cast of flies that I could lay my fingers to—a rig that the fish of a civilized stream would have regarded coldly as an affront to ordinary intelligence. There were, as I remember, first a Parmachenee Belle, in size of the bigness of a pickerel bob—a fly whose contrast of carmine and white showed in the liquid clearness of that water like the painted cheeks of a jilt; above that was the brown fuzziness of a Hackle; and last of all was a Montreal, its raw color blazing like a coal. All choices, you might say; but the fish seemed careless of taste. At the first cast, when the dry and kinking leader writhed in its coils on the water, some commotion boiled beneath it, and I struck with a loose line and felt the weight of a pricked fish for my pains. But what odds to lose one fish among such multitudes? A few casts in the air straightened the leader in a fashion; and when the next spring of the rod sent the flies dancing on their way, there was a quick flurry beneath the surface, a flash and a sudden scattering of the drops, and I had him, driving home the barb with a gentle twist of the hand. Then there was work for the light rod to undertake-the task of leading him daintily away from the snarl of half-drowned windfalls that reached out from the rocky shore. “Oh, Tomah!” I yelled in exultation; and the thudding of Tomah's axe ended abruptly as he quit his camp work for the shore. “Hoh! Fish catch um now!” he called; and when the trout, a good, full pound in weight, came slapping to the net, Tomah, grinning, went back to his work with quiet contentment on his face. And so it ran! As fast as the flies were offered they tumbled on them, making no choice of the three, but snapping the handi- est as it passed. There was one of close to a couple of pounds that plunged des- perately toward the snags as the pang of the hook stirred him, and but for another of half that weight that laid hold of the dropper in passing, I believe I would have lost him. But this diversion, acting as a drag, turned my bigger fish; and the two came off shore, answering to the pressure of the butt, while with a free hand I made shift to paddle the canoe away from that dangerous quarter. Once in clear water, I led the pair about till they tired of the fray, and admiring my own skill in advance, tried to take them at one sweep of the net. Somehow it didn't work. In the haste of it I made a pretty botch of the matter, for the smaller fish, writhing against the canoe, broke free and was gone. But the other-and the bigger!—I got with a quick lunge of the net, more by good luck than any art of mine; and in the joy of saving him forgot the first pangs of failure. For who should care? Here were fish and in plenty, and little trouble to take them. I thought of this sport in contrast to other days—times spent along the worn- out streams of New England, where one went craftily like a thief in the night, keeping always hidden, and with a short line dropping the flies into the holes be- neath the bushes. One had a reward for this work in a few brace of fish-a half dozen at the best, perhaps, and scaling close to the legal limit of size—and those were red-letter days, indeed, when the creel bore a pair of half-pounders, or, may be, some buster that scaled close to full three-quarters. As I looked up now, from clearing this two-pounder I had saved, my eye caught By Hook or Crook 351 a little fleck of white drifting slowly down again; but to little purpose. To be sure the air, and dropping nearer and nearer to I took fish-trout after trout at nearly the pond-some small atom of ephemeral every cast; but the big one had departed life going to its doom. As it alighted, for the day, affronted, no doubt, and wise teetering an instant on extended wings to the fraud that had tempted him. Night and perhaps a dozen feet away, the water fell and still found me at it; and when boiled and there turned over beneath it, the glimmer of Tomah's fire came shining like a porpoise, a fish that showed in its through the trees, I quit and paddled for lunge a back of the breadth of your wrist. the shore, leaving the fish still rising in For one moment he rolled there like a the dark. salmon, sucking in the morsel, and, turn "Huh!" said Tomah, viewing my catch; ing, drifted back to the depths, leaving “got um fish to eat now. Sartin, next the pond's quiet surface eddying in his re day, big one catch um!” treat. A quick cast covered the rise; the Big one! Yes, perhaps; but although flies, springing across, dropped squarely in the figure of that fish I had let go by was that circle of heaving water; but the fish still strong in my mind, I held out the that rose to the dropper was a miserable two-pounder to Tomah, and asked what half-pounder, slashing and slapping on the he thought of that. Tomah, as usual, surface as the hook struck home. In vain grunted evasively: "Sartin good fish that. I gave him slack, hoping he would tear Bimeby big one catch um." himself free; but he had hooked himself And Tomah doubtless knew. That securely; and there was nothing else to do night, when he had turned in satisfaction but lead him aboard and take out the barb from the feast, he told me of a trip he from his jaw. Again I cast, and no an had made here one winter, and of the fish swer—again and for the third time. But he had taken through the ice. There, as on the next cast, as the flies came skittering usual, was the tale of the biggest that es- home, I saw a shadowy blur detach itself caped; but when he held out his hands from the depths, and rising with the slow to show me, graphically, the size of some majesty of size, come quietly to inspect the he had taken, I looked out longingly to- offering. There was no rushing to the ward that sheet of water, now hidden in strike, but, instead, a ponderous and dig- the gloom, and made great plans for the nified advance; and as the leviathan morrow. moved nearer, following the tail-fly, I had Dawn came, and we pushed afloat. a glimpse of him as he turned, his eye Around us lay the steep slant of hills still cocked up sagely, and marveled at his cloaked with the wisps of night mist, and proportions. On he came—I dared not over the blue-green surface of the pond a stop, but kept the flies drifting along till thin white fog, like smoke, trailed close. the rod lay over my shoulder and the cast Tomah, dipping at the paddle, pushed sank back dead upon the water. That along, the prow of the canoe turned toward was the end of it. Had he struck then, I a point half way down the lake. “Fish no dare say I should have had the bootless catch um here,” he bade me; “only small pleasure of stinging him, and perhaps at feller now. Bimeby catch big um.” So the expense of a broken tip. Or, on the I waited; and rounding the point, he other hand, I might have stood and pointed forward with the paddle. "Look!" watched him maw the feathers and then he said, turning in toward the shore. leisurely spit them out. But trailing on Out of the steep heights came a brook, till he saw the canoe, my big fish sheered boiling white along its steps of rock, and away, and sinking slowly in the depths, filling all the woods with sound. Swelling like a fading shadow, was gone! from the shore, it poured its swift current Thus ended the first lesson: the evils of a into the quiet pond; and all about us were loose line. If I had taken up the slack the bubbles set free and sailing onward from the rod rings in place of hauling on in a glittering argosy along the heaving the cast by the leverage of the rod alone, surface. Clots of foam flecked the water there might have been a chance. But here and there; and a great log, jammed once the rod got behind me, I was done. against the rocks, reached out into the Gathering up the coils, I went to work pond, holding against its side a sheet of 352 The Outing Magazine creamy lather. Deep water lay all about ing the ashes from his guttering pipe, it; the shore shelved quickly; and though began to grumble anew; and as trout after the sun now was shining over the hills, trout, gingerly freed from the hook, was we could scarcely make out, even in turned back to freedom and a greater age, that piercing light, the gray-green bottom he squirmed about uneasily and vowed strewn with bowlders from the cliffs above. that the fishing was done. “Sartin no big Once, peering down, I saw a shoal of fish one now," he growled; "no use fishin'. drift by, going on their way like a flight of Big one catch um by sundown." So we birds; and on one flat space of yellow swung the canoe away, then, and paddled gravel lay another trout, its mottled back back to camp. clearly outlined, and heading the current When the sun, pitching below the hills with a gentle undulation of its fins. “Ssh! that afternoon, warned us to be up and Tomah -- wait!” With a thrust of the doing, Tomah had a new surprise in store. paddle he stayed the canoe; and aiming Taking straight ahead, he slid by the cove for the edge of the foam lying by that fallen and its torrent clinking down the pitch, tree, I dropped the flies at its edge. and aimed for the meadow lying at the Splash! I had him! Screaming keenly, head of the pond. As we drew down upon the reel gave out its line;. and streaking it, he began looking about him sharply, toward the current, my fish went away fixing some range he had in mind, and toward the open pond, dragging slack as with a sudden sweep of the paddle, brought he went. Tomah, all alive now, swept the us to a standstill. “Catch um big one bow around, and we followed. Nor was here,” he mumbled, and with that drove it the quick dash of any lesser fish that the setting pole into the bottom mud. took us follow-my-leader; but the strong I turned and eyed him with uncertainty; and steady tugging of a big one. Out for surely, after that idyllic corner of the there in the open, he settled to the bottom, cove, this seemed no place at all. But and chugging like a salmon, strove to work Tomah had chosen deliberately; and an- himself free. Tomah grunted exultantly. swering my look with a grin, crooked his “Sartin big fish catch um now!” he boasted arm about the setting pole and bade me again, and as the trout went swinging fish. Close beside us lay the meadow, its around the canoe, fighting away at every muddy shore fringed with sedge, and be- sight of it, Tomah chuckled loudly. In yond that was a small run creeping like a time we had our fish alongside; and To thread of oil beneath its fringe of alders. mah, slipping the net beneath him, brought Its mouth lay just abreast of our mooring, the prize aboard, and cracked him across a little bight in the shore, and at each side the snout with the paddle. “Sartin good of it a broad float of lily pads heaved on fish,” he observed, after a pause; “mos’ the rising ripple. But when I leaned over t'ree pound, that feller.” to dampen the cast alongside, I found soon Nor did the scales show that Tomah enough why Tomah had brought me here lied-it was three pounds less a scant two —the water touched my fingers with a ounces; and speaking hopefully, Tomah chill of ice. Somewhere below a spring, said we might get a big one pretty soon. boiling in the depths, drained the waters “P'raps not now,” he ventured; "big fish stored in the hills beyond, and Tomah, not catch um mebbe to-night.” coming here by winter, had marked its Turning the canoe, he pushed back to that open circle in the ice. It was, after all, a patch of foam; and the sailing flies fell at place for fish; and the first few casts its edge again. brought a rise and a good one. But To- Not all fishing to catch fish, perhaps, mah, fumbling at something in the stern, but still the fish are a part of it. While hardly looked up from his work as I Tomah, all intent, held the canoe against brought the trout fighting to the net. the gentle current, I took trout after trout For a long time silence ruled. Cast after almost as fast as the flies could be pitched cast, I tried the water all about me, but to them. But they were all small fish and after that first rise the trout seemed slow growing smaller in their quick succession to answer. Drawing in, I changed the as the hours passed and the sun climbed to flies; and the ones that put forward now its height above the trees. Tomah, knock to try these inky depths were a glittering now By Hook or Crook 353 me. trio left over from salmon rivers—a Jock I, too, performed maneuvers; the canoe Scott, Silver Doctor and last of all, a rocked like a ship in a gale and for a Butcher. Each was a small handful of period I thought we must swim for it. feathers and tinsel in itself; for I felt as But on the next upward rush Tomah got sured that if we were to take fish from the his fish going swiftly, and sliding the line black depths around us, we must give through his fingers, whipped the trout them something big enough to see. But aboard, thumping and slatting on the even this assortment brought me no re splints. And at the sight of it a moment's sponse--cast after cast I made, sending sickness of envy came over me. There lay the flies in all directions, but the surface the trout, squirming between Tomah's lay untroubled by even the rise of some thumbs, a good four pounds in weight; worthless fingerling. It was slow work, and I turned my back to his gloating. and I said so, to which Tomah mumbled “Sartin that big one now," he boasted, an affirmative, and with bended head gutturally; but I had no word in answer, busied himself at the stern. and as Tomah, with the paddle end, gave Plomp! I swung about ready to cover his fish the coup de grace, I turned to the what I took to be the rise of a heavy fishing, but with all the heart gone from fish; and there sat Tomah, his arm out In that moment of depression I reck- stretched, once more employed in the oned the sport-pound for pound-that nefarious trade of plugging. He leered this good fish would have offered to a back at me with a grin, jigging his hand light rod and gentle arts, and the thought line up and down; and although I had of its untimely end was a living protest to often scored Tomah for his obliquities, I the heathen in his darkness and his means felt somehow that the words were wasted. to achieve an end. Tossing the flies toward For Tomah, with a soul of the barbarian, the shore, I let them sink beneath the sur- fished for results, and not for the mere face; and then, by little starts, drew them pleasure of fishing. "Sartin big one catch gently toward me, inch by inch and with um now," he retorted, sulkily; "feathers a taut line, ready for what befell. no damn good. Mus' give big feller some “Hoh!” cried Tomah. thin' to eat.” There was logic in this—if There was a great splash along the sur- you choose to see it that way—but I face—the waters parted and out of the turned my back to Tomah, leaving him as depths arose a fan-like tail, waving chal- a heathen in the darkness. lenge. More through instinct than from Long silence followed, ending abruptly any other cause I struck at the ſlurry, and in a grunt. “Hoh!” said Tomah. 1 the rod hummed beneath my hand. Chug! turned around again, leaving the flies to I had him! At the stroke, I felt his settle passively in the depths. A change weight sag back against the yielding of had come over him.' His swart face, fixed the lithe wand; and he turned over, show- on the hand line, gleamed with a sudden ing his broad flank, and settled toward the cunning; and he sat there, alert and quiv bottom. Something stirred him then, and ering in the excitement of the moment. the reel buzzed as he went away, whipping “Got um fish!” he remarked briefly; and off the line after him. Like all big trout, I saw the hand line twitch in his fingers, he fought the struggle heavily, sounding and groaned in spirit at such butchery. for the bottom first, and then scaling away But Tomah, barbaric to the last, awakened from the shadow of the boat. Tomah, swiftly, and with a sudden yank made sure alive to responsibility, dragged out the of his prey. Dragging in the line, hand setting pole from the mud; we lay there over hand, he gave his victim no oppor rocking; and though the rod arched itself tunity for escape; it was a big one, sure in a half-moon, all the pressure of the butt enough, and Tomah dragged him upward could not stay that first ponderous rush. like a cod. But as the fish saw the dark Foot by foot the silk thread fell away, till shadow of the canoe above, it made a I watched for the spindle to show itself, fiercer struggle to get free; the line ran and stood wondering whether the line was hissing through the fingers of my Millicete, knotted to its shank. and he forgot all else, striving frantically "After him, Tomah!” | yelled; and To- to snub his fish. In that brief moment mah, snatching up the paddle, put away 354 The Outing Magazine the courage gingerly in pursuit. Once more we were the fish sheered past, he strove to bag it over him, now, and settling to the floor of in full flight, and missing, struck the tense the pond, our fish chugged away at the gut a heavy blow. Why it did not part 1 line like a headstrong colt fighting at its shall never know; I yelled to him in alarm; halter. Nor could we stop him. There and grinning sheepishly, he settled down on was life and backbone in that light rod I his knees, waiting for another chance. was using, but the weight of the fish and There lay the trout, now close at hand, of him fought off its pressure his tail and fins beating weakly at the wa- at every turn. Darkness came stealing ter; and well-nigh spent. Yet, with still over the forest and long shadows of the unbeaten courage he made a last effort hills went trooping across the water. Thus, for freedom, churning the water in his in the silence and in the gathering gloom flurry, so that hastily I gave him line. of night, we fought it out. Another rush But once beneath the surface, that was stripped the reel of its line-a quick plunge the end of it-a moment's faint beating of sounded as he broke beyond our view; and the fins; he rolled over on his side, and led more from the feel of him than by any other gently by the pressure of the rod, scaled help I worked away, giving him slack or along toward Tomah. reeling in as the occasion made its demand. 'Ready now with the net!” Then when the last season of twilight Tomah leaned forward, bearing down on popped out like an extinguished taper, the gunwale and with his net half sub- pit-murk darkness settled over the pond; merged. “Deeper!" I yelled in alarm; and still he played along, giving no signs and at the cry Tomah sprang into life. of defeat. It was because we knew his With another quick swoop he struck at the bigness, I think, that made the battle so fish, blindly almost, and lifting with that long. A smaller fish, though quite as vig same gesture, strove to drag the prize orous, one would have pumped and driven aboard. The aim was poor, the effort till he quit; but the size of this one was a clumsy and misplaced. For one brief in- thing to caution care. Softly-softly was stani - years, an eternity in its uncertain- the watchword, and I think I overdid it, ty-1 beheld that fish we had come so for once, getting a second wind, he dashed far to kill poised on the edge of the land- away with added strength, it seemed, well ing net, and Tomah, writhing about, vainly equipped to prolong the fray. The line, trying to shuffle the prize inward. Then outstanding at a tangent to the bending it fell-gone, I thought; but the Millicete, rod, cut wide circles in the dark; and an all alive now, struck again as the fish lay occasional splash as he fought to the sur on the surface feebly pulsing, and this face was all we had to go by. Once, when time had him. Tomah had pushed the canoe gently toward All else was forgotten then. With a him, I pumped him to the surface, but at jerk, I instinctively righted the canoe as the sight of us he rushed bottomward the water came pouring in across my again, rapping the rod against the gun knees; and Tomah, gaining his balance wales till 1 waited in an agony for the again, dragged the trout aboard. Sweet smash-up to end it all. The tip, submerged, music that, after the struggle, to hear him gave no play, and acting quickly, I threw thudding on the splints; and when To- the butt behind me, so that the line ran mah's paddle had performed its last offices out, and thus saved us from disaster. of charity, I reached aft and took him. At last he came to the surface, and close "Hunb!” That was Tomah's pean of at hand played about the canoe in circles. joy. “Hunh!” he grunted; "sartin big Tomah, crouching on his knees, held the fish got um now!" landing net outstretched; but Tomah, I Then I lighted a match; and with what saw soon enough, was hardly a person to that brief flare showed me lying at my handle such affairs of delicacy. Once, as feet, I gloried. It was worth it, after all. - - LIMITATIONS OF THE BRUTE BY M. D. FOLLIN are Shoes Sirlit: HERE two philosophic handling than it has so far re- classes of writers ceived. Mr. Burroughs has made a sturdy on natural history fight for his contention that animals do not —those whose gift think; and it must be admitted that the T it is to go afield tendency of the younger men to allow the and there follow temptation of a dramatic situation to lead and record the them into indiscretions has given the vet- happenings of the eran abundant material for criticism. But brutecreation with a human, and more or less fanciful, inter- as much circum- pretation of the actions of animals has been stance and accuracy as lies in their power; the immemorial prerogative of story tell- and those whose work lies in arranging and ers; and no one, except the very young, classifying the materials the others have believes that the thing happened exactly gathered, to make out, if possible, the laws, as related, even in the "Just-So Stories.” physical and mental, governing the phe- Mr. Burroughs should have seen that his nomena of creatures other than man. quarrel lay with this interpretation rather What may be called the Romantic School than with the stories themselves. This of writers on natural history have, within mistake has led him to obscure what may the past few years, made the physical life have been veritable happenings in the ani- of animals familiar to us in almost every mal world with a cloud of incredulity, when, detail. Further than this, they have en by reason of his prominence in the scien- tered into the mental life of the brute crea tific world, we should have expected from tion, investing them with human attributes him unusual open mindedness in consider- and qualities to a degree which, however ing the work of others. justifiable in the poetic mind of the writers, Now, it may be true that animals do not the older naturalists felt was not warranted think. It is plain, however, that the ques- by facts. The controversy as to whether tion is not to be settled by multiplying animals can think or not was a fair ex instances of thought, or lack of thought, ample of this. on the part of particular animals. The In support of their view the younger result will depend rather on what we mean writers have carried on their campaign by by "thinking,” one definition of which fascinating stories of animal life in which would as surely include the mental activi- almost human fertility of thought and ties of creatures other than man, as another invention was displayed by their brute would exclude them. friends. Against this the older writers, If by "thinking” we mean a mere link- rallying under the standard of John Bur- ing of cause and effect, or rather a mere roughs, put forth a number of scholarly voluntary one, one instance absolutely articles maintaining that thought, so far illustrating this is sufficient to establish as concerns the lower animals, is a flat im the principle; and such an instance may possibility, and the stories interesting as be furnished from almost any one's ex- fiction, but distinctly misleading as fact. perience. Every day we see dogs, horses, Now, the point raised in this controversy birds acting as man would act under like is a nice one, and merits a somewhat more circumstances; exercising, though less 355 356 The Outing Magazine often than man, proper contributory causes our own, that is, the preservation of the toward desired effects. A horse will pick individual and the race. It is therefore a knot with his teeth to free himself, or probable that within limits its functions a dog will open the latch of a door; how are identical with the human one. If this ever accidentally the animal may have ac were not so we should have to believe that quired this ability is not relevant; the im man developed a highly specialized organ, portant point is that it uses it voluntarily the brain, functionally active to a tremen- to accomplish a certain result. dous degree, while the lower animals have Many writers lay great stress on number- developed in the same way a similar less quite simple experiments in which ani- specialized organ which remains, save for mals have failed entirely to link cause and sense impressions, functionally inert. From effect. It must not be overlooked that an the evolutionist's standpoint such a view experiment which seems quite simple to a is almost unthinkable; nothing but the man may not be at all simple to a dog or a most indisputable evidence would force its horse. But, aside from this, these experi- acceptance, and such evidence has not yet ments show absolutely nothing except the been produced. A much sounder belief is failure of a particular animal to grasp a that man and the lower animals share both special situation. One example in which mental and physical life up to a certain cause and effect are properly, and not for- point. tuitously, joined outweighs them all, for In discussing this question it has often it shows the thing possible. been insisted upon that we can experience The widespread belief that man was the mental life of the lower animals only created “a little lower than the angels” has by being one of them, hence we cannot laid on many writers the strong necessity know definitely of their mental processes, of differentiating him from the lower ani for we must always interpret them in terms mals to an extent which denies much in of our own. This view, to be philosophical, common that they really have. A number must be held in its entirety. Carried to will even refuse to allow them any mental its logical conclusion it is that one cannot processes like our own when by so doing know definitely the mental processes of any man's sovereignty seems in danger. Now, individual except himself; for it is equally to maintain that the proper connecting of true that these also must be interpreted in cause and effect is the result of intelligence his own private terms. in man alone requires evidence in support But, since knowledge of things is entirely of it more convincing than has as yet been a knowledge of their relations to other brought forward. For proving that in things, and since these relations, so far as the lower animals these certain mental any individual is concerned, are determined processes do not exist involves views al- by the individual's experience, it is obvious- most diametrically opposed to recognized ly possible to share the mental life of an- evolutionary beliefs; in that lies, perhaps, other individual, man or brute, so far as the its chief difficulty. experiences of the two are identical. My Mr. Burroughs says: “We so habitually knowledge of these relations can never be impute thought to animals that we come quite the same as my neighbor's, for my unconsciously to look upon them as pos- experience is never quite coextensive with sessing this power. That is, creatures act his. Therefore I must always interpret his as if they thought. We know that under actions somewhat in terms of my own; similar circumstances we think, and there but, in proportion as my experience and fore we impute thought to them. But of point of view agree with his, my interpreta- mental images, concepts, processes like tion will be correct. So also of the lower our own they probably have none." animals: in proportion as our experience With all due respect for the eminence of comprehends theirs we are qualified to this authority, it would seem, from the recognize their point of view and make a standpoint of evolution, that the probabil correct estimate of their actions. ity was quite the other way. A physical One authority says: “It has often been brain much like that of man they undoubt said that animals have sensations and per- edly have; it was developed in practically cepts, but that one ought not to ascribe to the same way, and for the same purpose as them the possession of concepts. Of the Limitations of the Brute 357 conventional animal of the philosopher question, given a sufficient time and the this may be quite true. We have a right necessity for that special development. to conclude by analogy that it is so, pro To a certain point, likewise, I believe vided only that we are always prepared to that both have a common mental life, but admit that we do not know in the least how with this important difference: that, while animals philosophize—how an ox recog man might develop any of the unusual nizes his stable door." physical capacities attained by the lower The old sovereignty of man dies hard; animals, neither time nor necessity, nor even eminent scientists are enlisted in its both, would enable them to follow us men- defense; but it should have its foundation tally much farther than they have already in truth. It is not true that I do not know done; because they have not the gift of “in the least” how an ox knows his stable language. Means of communication they door, any more than it is true that I do not have, some not well understood by us, be- know “in the least” how my neighbor sides various cries and grunts of some little knows his house door. I believe that the definiteness of expression; but nothing that action in both cases is intelligible; that is, could, in any sense, be considered articu- capable of being understood by another late speech, even in its simplest form. intelligence. I believe that in both cases Mr. Max Müller, a recognized authority the individual recognizes its particular door on matters psychological, has an analysis by the door's relations to certain other of man's mental processes which may help things. I cannot know exactly how the us in our search for the difference which door is recognized, because I cannot know Mr. Burroughs has failed to make clear; it the particular relations laid hold of by an is as follows: First, Sensation (the response other mind. But, since he has learned to of the nerves to outside stimuli); from this distinguish it from other doors (either my comes Perception (a subjective cognition neighbor, or the ox), I am justified in be of Sensation); out of this grows Concep- lieving that he has laid hold of some of its tion (a definite mental image with certain special relations. relations); then Language. He points out It will be said that this result is reached that these different terms are, of course, through reasoning by analogy. Partly so, merely names for more or less indistin- I admit; but analogy is a perfectly legiti- guishable steps in a continuous process; mate process, unless abused; much of the that each part of this is so bound up with practical work of reason is done by it. No the others as to be quite inseparable from one is entirely independent of it, therefore them; but it makes the process clearer, no one is in position to discredit it. The more easily understood. most zealous opponents of animal mental Accepting Mr. Müller's analysis as sub- ity allow them sensation; yet this is either stantially correct, at what point in it do pure analogy, or pure assumption. man and the lower animals part company? Mr. Burroughs goes too far in saying that Mr. Muller is of the opinion that animals man and the lower animals have no mental have sensation and perception, but not con- processes in common; for this has not been ception. He frankly admits that he can- satisfactorily proved, and is far from axio not explain why a percept, which invari- matic. In fact, I believe it will be found ably becomes a concept in the case of man, that quite the contrary is the case. We should not do so in the case of a brute; share their physical life, though in many though he does not believe that it does. ways their physical reflexes differ from ours Mr. Burroughs and Prof. Thorndike both in degree. Thus, a polar bear will stand stop on the hither side of perception, al- cold that would kill a man; a rattlesnake lowing the lower animals mere sensation, will endure heat that a man could not; a though they must see that this leaves many rabbit will hear things inaudible to us; a mental acts without adequate explanation, fly or a hawk see things beyond the power as, for instance, how memory is possible of the human eye. Only to a certain without concepts. point, varying with the individual, do we We see that animals do learn by experi- have a physical life in common. But I be ence; that is to say, we see that their re- lieve that man could, in any of these direc sponses to outside stimuli, instead of being tions, equal the powers of the animals in automatic and unchanging, are sometimes 358 The Outing Magazine modified in the individual when its advan the lower animals all the mentality that tage requires such modification. In "learn their faculties warrant without trespassing ing,” the animal has come to recognize new on a domain belonging exclusively to man. relations; its point of view is changed, its We can ascribe to them voluntary mental normal action under given circumstances activity, we can leave them their simple voluntarily inhibited, and a new and differ images or concepts on which memory de- ent action substituted from which it de pends, we can permit them to link cause rives a benefit. To call this “mere recur and effect as they undoubtedly do, and rent perception" neither explains it nor still have conscious intellectual processes, removes it as an obstacle in the path of something entirely human. the mere perceptionist. Instead of being Conscious intellectual effort depends "mere perception" it is perception modified absolutely on language, the final step in by new relations not inherent in the percept Mr. Müller's analysis, because conscious itself, which by the very presence of these intellectual effort is always communicable. acquired relations becomes a concept, and Language is the key to the whole mat- as such is a proper basis for memory. ter; without language no thought, with- Mr. Burroughs has the strong conviction out thought no language, for language is that there is a marked difference between thought. There can be no conscious men- the mental life of man and that of the lower tal activity except in words. The two, animals. In this he is quite correct; there language and thought, are indivisible; sen- is a difference, a gulf which probably can sation, perception and conception belong never be passed. But what he does not to man and the lower animals alike; but see, or at least what he does not make mani language to man alone. Through language fest, is what this gulf is and why they can man's conception is expanded to the nth not cross it. His efforts to show exactly power; without it the brute conception is what this difference is are both vague and limited to the barest necessity, and prac- misleading; nor does it appear that Prof. tically to individual experience. There- Thorndike, on whom he leans, is much fore in man a noble quality, such as justice nearer the truth. To avoid the puzzling for instance, becomes infinitely develop- problems of perception and conception, they able; while in the brute it is, and with- prudently deny to the poor brutes anything out language must always remain, merely beyond mere sensation. rudimentary. Now, as a working hypothesis, let us de All life is one; all that man has is poten- fine thought as conscious intellectual effort, tial in the brute, but only potential. Lan- for this phrase not only tells what thought guage is that breath of life by virtue of is, but at the same time sets it apart from which man makes the potential the actual. all those related mental activities which Therefore in man shall knowledge grow have proved so confusing. With this defi from more to more till he ends in the nition we shall find that we can safely allow spiritual image of God. LAT EXPLORING UNKNOWN AMERICA CASPAR WHITNEY IN THE JUNGLE L AST month it was Dillon Wallace and counter the reported white Indians who the news of his start upon his make the strongest kind of arrow and homeward journey by sled and blow-gun dart poison used among South snowshoe from the wilds of Labrador. American savages. To find out about This month it is Caspar Whitney who, by these tribes and those farther down the the time this magazine appears, is in the Orinoco, who are said to be unusually heart of the South American jungle. short of stature and to be cannibalistic, Word has just arrived from Manaos at the formed part of Mr. Whitney's object in junction of the Amazon River and the Rio making the trip. Negro, where Mr. Whitney was preparing to There are rapids on the upper Negro begin his two thousand mile trip along the which he must pack around, and thirty desolate interior waterways of northern miles of rapids midway on the Orinoco South America. The task ahead of him, where a portage will be necessary. The he says frankly, is one of the hardest he has jungle through which he will paddle for ever undertaken, the very hardest since his fifteen hundred miles is known only for its famous Barren Ground trip. Indians, its yellow fever and its desolation, He ascends the Rio Negro four hundred promising little or nothing in the way of and twenty miles to Santa Isabel by a little food. flat bottom, stern wheel trading steamer, He reports from Manaos great difficulty which at the time his letter was written was in getting any one to go with him. The lying idle at Manaos because of low water, Brazilians shake their heads at the idea of although it draws only three and a half going farther into the wilderness than they feet. From Santa Isabel he transfers his have gone or of going beyond certain de- outfit to a canoe and paddles three hundred fined limits of known territory. At the and eighty miles to the mouth of the Cas time he was writing he was trying to obtain siquiare River. He follows the Cassi the services of enough Indians to make up quiare River two hundred miles to its junc his expedition. tion with the Orinoco; and canoes down the “I expect a hard trip,” he writes, “but Orinoco to Ciudad Bolivar, nine hundred I am not going into it with my eyes closed and fifty miles, the end of the dangerous or only partially open. I know I am to have journey. He paddles, therefore, more one of the hardest-the very hardest since than fifteen hundred miles of the way. my Barren Ground venture. You can Along the upper Rio Negro he passes have full confidence in my getting through, through a desolate country inhabited only however, because I intend to go through, by Indians. He has seen a few of these right side up. I am prepared to encounter Indians at the fort of Manaos, “ brought in everything from yellow fever to Indians, from up the Rio Negro where their tribe had grubless country and all the rest of it.” raided a small stray settlement and killed Dillon Wallace has returned from Labra- a number with their poisoned arrows. The dor, and the thrilling story of his journey Indians are rather tall, but very slender, will begin the August issue. copper colored, and use bows from six to Mr. Whitney is, of course, the editor seven feet long with arrows full six feet in of The OUTING Magazine, and Mr. Wal- length, the tip being dipped in a poison lace represents, in his successful journey called curare, a very strong brew known through unmapped Labrador, the spirit of only to the Indians. They wear no Leonidas Hubbard, Jr., once an associate clothes." editor of The OUTING Magazine, who The lower Cassiquiare district is also gave up his life on that first expedition desolate. Of the upper Cassiquiare he has into the Labrador wild. This magazine not been able to learn anything. Along has sent out both of these expeditions as it the upper Orinoco he will probably en has sent out others in the past, not only be- 359 The Outing Magazine Mouth of the Orinoco Riv. .......... Colon By Trading Steamer By Canoe Heavily lined river Shows location of rapids where portage must be made Caracas Orinoco Rive Paramaribo LAN T to leg Cuidad Bolig Cayenne Pana Bogota Cassique jare Riv. Santa Isabel OCEAN Mouths of the Amazon Riv. MARAJOS CE EQUATOR RIO Negra Spara River Mallad Amazon ... altiord Pernambuco TH Scale of Miles 800 0 400 1200 1600 From Manaos to Santa Isabel, 420 miles. On the Cassiquiare River to the upper Orinoco River, 200 miles. From Santa Isabel to the mouth of Cassiquiare, 380 miles. On the Orinoco River to Ciudad Bolivar, 950 miles. A total distance from Manaos to Ciudad Bolivar of 1,950 miles, of which Mr. Whitney travels more than 1.500 miles by canoe. The Author of "White Fang" 361 cause it stands for the adventurous Amer types which Jack London has stamped ican, the man in whom remains, undying, with his own hall-mark. For so young a the old-time pioneer spirit, but because as man, his influence upon current fiction has well it believes it is doing a valuable public been singularly impressive. A host of imi- service in exploring new parts of what is tators has followed in his wake, but with- getting to be an old country, in carefully out the touch of genius to handle these mapping out districts that have been big passions and motives. Jack London practically unknown, and in furnishing ac has dealt much with cruelty and lust of curate knowledge of the people and the blood and the raw and naked brute in man, animals and the vegetation that live in but there has been always a story to tell, them; in making the way easier, in a word, a motive to handle, and a fine sense of to coming generations of Americans. proportion. This is, we believe, part of the mission of He is one of the most picturesque prod- an optimistic American magazine, a maga ucts of that literary California which has zine that believes in our national future. given us Bret Harte and Frank Norris and Joaquin Miller. An untamed and uncon- THE AUTHOR OF “WHITE ventional man from his youth up, London FANG” has fought his way to the front with a cheerful disregard for obstacles. A sailor The publication in The OUTING Maga and sealer and fisherman in San Francisco ZINE of Jack London's latest serial, “White Bay and on the Pacific, the world brutally Fang,” is one of the leading literary events clubbed him for years, but it could not of the year in the United States. From keep him down. His sympathies were en- the editorial view-point, it is another strik listed in the cause of the Under World be- ing proof that the appeal of this magazine cause he lived in it, and he became a has far outgrown what may be called the rampant socialist by force of environment. field of authoritative sport. While it It is true, however, that even those who maintains its prestige in this quarter, it laugh at his socialistic theories, admire his has also become one of the leading maga work as that of one of the dominant figures zines for the general reader who likes virile in the American fiction of to-day, while at and wholesome fact and fiction, as hopeful the same time they respect his honesty of and stimulating as the great outdoors purpose in championing the down-trodden which is the peculiar province of The OUT of our complex civilization. ING MAGAZINE. “White Fang” follows Just now Jack London is building a serials by Stewart Edward White, Alfred forty-foot schooner in which he will set out Henry Lewis and Charles G. D. Roberts, for a seven-year voyage around the world. and will be succeeded by an uncommonly His wife will go with him, and there will entertaining serial by Chester Bailey Fer be only two men in his crew. This is, in a nald. way, a literary pilgrimage, but it is safe Jack London, in the opinion of a multi to say that the young man's love of ad- tude of readers, wrote his best story in venturous living and for the wide and open “The Call of the Wild.” He has returned spaces has had something to do with this to a similar atmosphere, background and hazardous purpose. In other words, what movement in “White Fang," with a kin he writes he lives, and when he tells of the dred theme, handled as a contrast in de sea, or of a "Sea Wolf,” he grips you hard velopment when compared with "The Call because he has gathered his facts and his of the Wild.” The hero is a dog, and it is inspiration at first hand. not telling the story too much in advance "The Call of the Wild" was inspired by to reveal the fact that this wild and wolfish the author's own experiences in the Klon- hero with which the tale opens is, in the dike as a gold-seeker. “White Fang” is end, tamed and led away from his primi- another great story, not only because Jack tive savagery. London has the gift of story-telling, but There are men in the story, of course, also because he has lived and suffered all and they are the red-blooded, elemental that he so intimately describes. SCHOOL AND COLLEGE WORLD BY RALPH D. PAINE A VERY WORTHY TRIBUTE TO JAMES for an athletic club than for his college, E. SULLIVAN even in vacation time," he said. “There is added honor for the college if it includes A among its athletic trophies the holding of a of athletes sailed to compete in the national championship. But when a man Olympic Games at Athens, James E. Sulli represents an athletic club, he surrenders van was a guest of President Roosevelt for his personality and his college prestige to luncheon at the White House. The Presi the club team. It would be much better dent had been requested by the King of for him to go into these outside competi- Greece to appoint an official representative tions wearing his college colors and proud who should accompany the American team of them. I think that a man should take in order that fitting honor and respect as much pride in winning a national cham- might be paid the nation whose strong and pionship for his college as in winning an fleet young men had undertaken so formi intercollegiate championship. This point dable a pilgrimage for no other reward than has been under discussion for a good many glory. Instead of naming some one who years, whether or not college men in college might claim this distinction by reason of should compete for athletic clubs while political or social preferment, the President they are undergraduates. It seems to me selected James E. Sullivan as the official most advisable to bar them from this kind delegate from this government. of competition until they have ceased to By means of this selection President wear the college colors. Then they can do Roosevelt wished to pay his own tribute as they please. to the many years of devoted effort toward It was pointed out in the course of the the cause of clean sport in the United discussion that in thirty years only five States which Mr. Sullivan has placed to his men have competed for the national Cham- credit as Secretary of the Amateur Athletic pionships of the A. A. U. under their college Union. And inviting him to luncheon was colors." These loyal sons were Sherriil, President Roosevelt's wholesome fashion Brooks and Mitchell of Yale; Prinstein of of letting Mr. Sullivan know that his work Syracuse and Page of the University of was appreciated and that his success had Pennsylvania. Of course the attraction been followed by this most distinguished for the college athlete to enroll himself in citizen of the nation who could find time to some strong athletic club for the summer pat a champion of clean athletics on the consists of the training table and expense back and say: “Good work. You have done account, the free trips and the good fellow- more than any other one man to make our ship of training at such a charming country organized athletics what they ought to be club as the home of the New York Athletic -a fair field and no favor.' Club at Travers Island. Shortly after his visit to Washington, But his first duty is to his college after Mr. Sullivan said to a friend: all. He has learned to run or to jump, he “That was a more satisfactory reward has been cared for and developed, by the for my work than if somebody had handed college trainer and the college organization, me a purse of ten thousand dollars. Think and the college athletic treasury has footed of the President finding time to dig me up the bills to put his talent on edge and bring and talk over the problem of keeping ama m.im out. If by competing in important teur athletics straight in this country, when outside events in vacation time he can the Secretary of War and the Secretary of bring honor to his college and increase the State were at the same table.” respect for and the prestige of her colors, Now the work of "Jim" Sullivan has there lies his duty, as straight as a string. often taken him from his chosen province And by calling attention to a practice of supervising the athletic club organiza- which really lies beyond his own bounda- tion and the regulation of amateur status ries, Secretary Sullivan shows again how at large, into the field of college athletics genuine is his interest in the best kind and which are, generally speaking, under a the most wholesome conduct of American government of their own. And when the athletic pastime. And he got no more Secretary of the A. A. U. has invaded the than he deserved when President Roose- college world by ruling or criticism, his velt warmed the cockles of his heart by opinions have been worth listening to. paying formal tribute to his work toward Not long ago he was talking about certain making honest and sturdy Americans. undergraduate athletes who have been THE TRAINING TABLE AND ITS SENTIMENT competing under the colors of outside athletic clubs. In the general overhauling of college “I cannot understand the state of mind ath cs, th new brooms have threatened of the college man who would rather run to sweep away the training table. It has 362 School and College World 363 been vigorously attacked by many reform- captain came along who was not afraid to ers as one of the symptoms which go to grab precedent by the tail and swing it show that athletics are made a business of. around his head. His men were given all Some colleges have shortened the training the chilled, not iced, water they cared to table season, where it has not been actually drink, and they were happy and strong and abolished, and henceforth it is to be made wiped up the field with their doughtiest a less important item of the athletic outlay. foe. Now it is true that the training table has Going back of this a few years, we find been extravagantly conducted, and main the college athlete subsisting on a barbar- tained for a longer period of the season than ous diet of raw beef and oatmeal. If he may be necessary. But a good many dared nibble the wholesome diet of the thousand of us one-time athletes will rise average mortal, something dreadful would to defend its sentimental value apart from happen to him, but he was so loyal to his its practical worth in the programme of absurd system that he never took any making sound bodies. risks. Step by step, the training table has The worst charge that can be laid against resolved itself into a rational programme of it is that it has provided a means for giving diet with a wide variety, such as all of us free board to “athletic students," who have ought to stick to the year round. And now figured this gratuitous provender as among its term is to be curtailed, a sensible proceed- the inducements which have swayed their ing, for there is no sound reason why an choice of a college. If there is an honest athlete should spend half his college year endeavor and purpose to keep the athletics living on the treasury, for there is a very of a college clean, the training table need wide margin between the price of board not be a menace to honesty. It is simply a that can be fairly charged up to the eater, matter of bookkeeping to charge every man and the cost of the same. I have known a fair price for his board and see to it that the cost of the training table to run as high he pays it. Because the training system as fifteen and eighteen dollars a week per has been abused, it is not fair to blame the man, which is absurd. It must be re- system. The trouble rests with the men membered, however, that the athlete when who are running college athletic affairs he is really hungry, which is most of his every time. waking time, consumes twice the weight of In any college where athletics have been provender you could really expect him to established through two or three genera- hold. He has no use for Horace Fletcher- tions, the training table has certain tra ism, or any other foolish notions about ditions and customs whose origin is obscure. playing at eating. College towns are full Things are done in a certain way, because of landladies who have gone bankrupt on they were done that way last year and the contracts to run a training table, after year before, and so on back as far as the doubling the price charged normal guests. memory of the onlooker can carry it. Now Eliminating the unreasonably long, sea- and then there comes an outburst of in son and the free board" evil, the training vestigation, the reformers get busy and table becomes an admirable part of the are rash enough to ask why things have to athletic organization. It throws together be done in just such and such a fashion. in a close communion a lot of pretty manly Because the crew training table has always young fellows, who find here reward for started in the first week of March, your old their toil on field and track and river. It timer never thinks of trying to find out is almost the only social feature of their whether the oarsmen would not thrive as training life, and Heaven knows we need lustily if the date was postponed until all the diversion our young men can find April. Or he will observe: in their football and rowing. It makes "We have always had rice pudding friendships and knits the bonds of college Tuesdays and Thursdays for dinner, and loyalty and makes for a fine kind of senti- ice cream Sundays, and I suppose we al ment. It maintains a discipline and re- ways will. I don't know whether the sys- straint, which is another good thing for tems of the men would be upset if we young men to experience, and it teaches switched the pudding to Mondays and regular hours and good habits of living. Fridays, but I'd hate to take a chance on As a rule you will find that the man who it.” ate at the training, table in college has There was once a football training table carried along into his later years a simple at which for many years the men were and vigorous appetite for the right kinds fairly tortured by thirst. They were per of food. He is not finicky, he does not mitted to drink two glasses of water at have to spur a jaded palate, and he has each meal, and none between times, and only one grave fault to find with all existing one glass just before going to bed. This rations, no matter how costly the menu: might have sufficed an ordinary man en “I can never, never find beef like that gaged in a sedentary pursuit, but these we used to get at the training table." young gladiators were sweating off from Alas, beef is as prime and juicy now as three to five pounds of their weight every then, but our critic has grown older. Tinker warm afternoon. Team after team suf with the training table, oh, ye athletic fered and swore and was feverish for lack overseers, restrain its operation within of enough drinking water, until a bold normal bounds, but do not let your strenu- 17 364 The Outing Magazine ous zeal for reform lead you to banish it this to see his own teams compete, while on from the training programme. the other hand it is as fair to charge the outsider two dollars or two dollars and a A READJUSTMENT OF ATHLETIC CONDITIONS half, which he will cheerfully pay. The The sports of spring time are in full issue in this crusade against college athletic swing, and the baseball and track and row finances is, after all, not the amount of ing squads are gloriously busy, thousands money handled, but the manner of spending upon thousands of them. More young it. If these funds are used to equip play- men have turned out to “try for teams ing fields, and foster a wide variety of than ever before, and the reports the coun pastime, then a big income is as legitimate try over indicate that college sport was for the athletic association as for the college never in such healthy and flourishing con treasury. dition. The storm which swept the foot- THE RISE OF RUGBY FOOTBALL ball world has eddied into the kindred fields of sport, and in the readjustment of The English game of Rugby football, conditions, rowing and track athletics and oddly enough, has become a flourishing baseball have new problems to solve. spring sport, on many fields challenging Wherever football has been abolished or baseball for student interest. The young suspended, as at Columbia, Northwestern men who are playing it find it good fun, University and at the Stanford and Cali and some of them are talking of it seriously fornia universities, the college athletic as a rival of the American college game finances have been jolted to their center. which has been recently torn to shreds and Many amiable but uninformed critics of tatters by friend and foe. Rugby will be swollen football gate receipts seemed to be no more than a minor sport on the Ameri- under the impression that these surplus can campus, however, and its popularity bank accounts were thrown out of the at present is somewhat faddish and re- window, or into the wrong pockets. The actionary. It is easy to play the game fact is that football has been supporting after a fashion, but not easy to play it well, the other branches of sport which could not as all will agree who were fortunate enough pay their way, such as rowing and track to see the experts from New Zealand play athletics. If football gate receipts are an exhibition match in New York. The seriously reduced, then the non-supporting American collegians who are “monkeying pastimes must be maintained by popular with it" at present will not be content to subscription. leave the scrimmage formless and inchoate Football and baseball games ought to be if they make a serious study of the game, offered to the undergraduate for a small and sooner or later they will begin to sys- price of admission, at the same time letting tematize it, just as their forefathers did the outside public pay for its tickets such when they took it and fashioned from it the amounts as would supply a surplus which American college game. could be devoted to supporting the poverty It is the fashion now to bark at the men stricken departments of athletics. Yale who have made the American game, but it has put into operation a commendable re ought to be remembered that this game form by wiping out the "level premium" has been an evolution, largely influenced system by which every undergraduate was by truly American traits of character and dunned for eight dollars a year toward the temperament.. The Rugby game became support of the athletic association. Here in tíme a highly systematized machine be- after the undergraduate is to be given a cause of the American talent for organiza- square deal at New Haven, where a rea tion in business and pastime. It became sonably economical administration will at length too highly organized, and the provide abundant funds for the conduct of machine has had to be loosened up again, almost all sports from the gate receipts of The new Rules Committee has done its football alone. Elsewhere, however, re work with commendable thoroughness and form will have gone to a very unwise ex intelligence. The game as it will be played treme if football receipts are so cut down this year will include the most radical as to cripple the other sports dependent changes made since the introduction of upon them. The financial problem cannot interference. More has been accomplished be rightly solved by any headlong attack than the most ardent reformers of two years upon existing methods until there has been ago hoped to see in their day and genera- worked out a careful method for finding tion. The ten-yard rule, the forward pass, funds that are genuinely needed in order and the practical abolition of mass play to diversify the range of athletic pastime behind the line mean a vastly more inter- for the campus. esting game, with wide opportunity for The decision of the Western Colleges brilliant coaching innovations. All friends Conference to limit the price of admission of college sport will suspend judgment until to fifty cents, including reserved seats, for the new game is thoroughly tested. Mean- all members of the university is a wise while Rugby will be played, and long life handling of this important problem. The to it, for we cannot have too many kinds of undergraduate ought to pay no more than games on our athletic fields. - TAKING AN AUTOMOBILE ABROAD BY WALTER HALE E never realized the interest our friends Illinois, who told me to carry a hydrometer to test the gasoline. The Italians in the until we declared our intention of touring country towns have a habit of watering Europe in an American car. From that time their stock, and the first panne we had on we were overwhelmed with advice from came from that cause. all quarters. Advice is cheap anyway, and We were told to get a canopy top, too; it seemed of little moment that most of the but I refused, secure in the belief that we advisers had never dreamed of undertaking would encounter little rain during the a similar stunt themselves. summer months. It poured almost con- “You must be sure and carry yards and stantly for the three weeks we were in the yards of stout rope," said a friend in Chi Apennines and along the Adriatic coast, cago. though our ponchos and rubber caps were “Why rope?" I asked. ample protection against the occasional “Rope is one of the finest things to have showers we ran through afterwards. around an automobile. You never can tell Clocks, shock absorbers, technical books, when you may need a tow; it's useful to extra brakes, muffler cut out (many a time tie on luggage, and when you are going in the mountains I regretted not having through sandy places and on slimy roads that put in), alcohol stove for making tea, you can cut it up in chunks and tie it luncheon basket, speed indicator, aneroid around the rear tires to keep the car from barometers for taking the altitude, field skidding. glasses, wicker basket for holding extra can As a matter of fact, the only time we had of gasoline, and innumerable styles of ham- occasion to harness a horse to the car, the pers, were among the accessories we were farmer who came to our aid was amply told we couldn't possibly do without. provided with straps to fasten the traces to A delightful tour through Normandy and the front axle. This horse had evidently Brittany, with the late Kirke La Shelle, been nursing a grouch against automobiles had first inspired me with the ambition to for a long time. It took us half an hour to own and drive a car on the Continent my- get him hooked up, and when we finally self, and the experience was of great assist- started he gave a snort of wrath and ance in showing me what was really neces- galloped into the little town of Aiguebelle, sary for the trip. So I was adamant when in Savoy, as though the devil himself was I found Madame on the day before sailing at his heels. standing distracted in the midst of motor- A man in New Orleans wanted to know ing hats, caps, goggles, veils, cloaks, boots, if I was quick with a gun. I told him I parasols, gauntlets, face masks and foot didn't know; that I'd always been a fair muffs, all recommended by persistent shot with the old Springfield, when I was friends, and a great deal of which I insisted in the Minnesota militia. must be sacrificed. “Oh, it isn't the same thing, at all; Wealthy automobilists have been touring that's just child's play, nothin' to it. Europe for years. It is for the benefit of What you want is a 'Colt 38. If you don't men, who, like myself, must consider the know much about it, practice on the gulls cost, and who believe that half the sport on the way over, and when you start from comes from driving the car, and overcoming Naples have it handy in your coat pocket. the obstacles alone, sans chauffeur, that I'm You never can tell what you're going to giving a list of our equipments and showing meet up with in those mountain fastnesses; the principal expenses they must meet. and the fancy game is to shoot 'em up, a I have a friend from the West who owns whole lot first, and then inquire what's the and drives a high-powered "Fiat, who matter afterwards. I know those Eye confesses he doesn't know what goes on talians; we have a whole bunch of 'em when he changes speed; he leaves that to workin' round here on the railroad.' the chauffeur. He was among the number Through all our tour on the Continent, on who sent up prayers for my safety and pic- lonely stretches in the Pontine Marshes tured me under the car in a broiling sun, or and wild passes in the mountains, the most keeping lonely vigil by its side on a dark formidable object we encountered was a night in the mountains waiting for help to placid black cow, which loomed up in the come from the nearest town. glare of the searchlight, and looked to my When we sailed from Boston on the distorted imagination like a highwayman White Star liner Canopic last May, the car on horseback. was crated and stored in one of the forward Some of the suggestions were practical, holds, where it could be easily gotten at on like the one from a friend in Champaign, landing. One of the agents had agreed to 365 366 The Outing Magazine carry it uncrated, but an obstacle loomed up at the last moment in the shape of a dock superintendent, who it developed was really a more powerful factor than the manager of the company himself. We argued in vain, with the result that the car was hastily, though thoroughly, boxed on the dock at a cost to me of only about thirty-five dollars. Under ordinary cir- cumstances to crate a fully equipped tour. ing car costs from sixty dollars to one hundred dollars. The price for the same work is considerably less in France. The rate from Boston to Naples at the time was twelve shillings sixpence per ton of forty cubic feet; it has since been raised to twenty shillings on all important lines, sailing to the Mediterranean. At the old rate, my car cost thirty-six dollars, which did not include lighterage from the ship to the wharf, in Naples, amounting to about five dollars more. The cost of getting it through the custom house is not very heavy, but I thought it ridiculously slow and full of red tape, until I had experienced the hold-up on one's return to his native land. There was a tax for stamp, and another for guardia-a gentleman in uni- form who stared vacantly at the car for two hours, and saw that the Neapolitan wharf rats didn't run away with it. Then a charge of two dollars for issuing the license, another of about three dollars for keeping the office open after hours in order to issue the license, then the license itself, permitting me to drive where I wotted in the King's domain, and finally the duty, which amounted to twenty-five dollars in Italy, and one hundred and twenty-six dollars in France, remitted in both cases on crossing the frontier. The duty is based on the number of springs in Italy, and on the weight of the car in France; in the former case a leaden seal is attached to one of the springs, and another to the steering wheel, and they must not be disturbed or tampered with, if the owner expects to recover his money on leaving the country. Most drivers declare their cars considerably under weight on entering France, to máke the deposit as small as possible, though all of this annoy. ance can be avoided if one is a member of the Automobile Club of America, which has established reciprocal relations with the Touring Clubs of both countries, allowing many privileges, and the special price for their valuable books and maps. The car went through the Italian dogana in about three hours; they kept it in the New York Custom House, on our return, for over two weeks and the crate disap- peared entirely, though I had distinctly stated that I wished it kept for use another year. I had shipped it by steamer from Naples to Antwerp, then we changed our plans, and it was given a boat ride back to Havre to await our sailing. It had been so constantly in my thoughts that I really became attached to that crate. For equipment, we carried a trunk on the platform at the rear of the car held in place by straps running fore and aft and from side to side, through iron clips screwed to the floor. There was room for a deck basket between the trunk and the seat, in which we carried four extra inner tubes, ponchos, waterproof caps, guide-books, wraps and articles that we wished to have easily accessible. We strapped a suit case on top and a long box was placed on the footboard on the right side of the car, fastened by lock and key. In this we carried the heavier tools for repairs and adjustments, a jack, a rubber pail, which we found most useful, extra spindle bearings and spare parts packed in waste, oil and grease, carbide for the generator, tire-repair kit, pump, oil cans, files, etc. You can buy gasoline anywhere in France, but for long runs through the mountains in Italy I found it necessary to carry, a five-gallon can strapped to the board in front of the tool box for use in emergencies. The smaller parts were stored under the seat, a complete supply of extra bolts and nuts, and chamois for straining the gasoline, extra spark plugs, vibrator springs, contact points, coils of copper wire, spanners and other tools. Except for the balls, cups, cones, etc., of the bearings, we carried no heavy extra parts, like connecting rods, spokes or extra gears. We hung two extra shoes on side irons at the left of the car, and the odometer showed only on the wheel, where it wasn't half so useful as the more expensive ones on the dash. I added a searchlight to the usual lamp equipment, which we found of the greatest service on the winding roads in the hills, where it could be operated from side to side to pick out the curves long before the car reached them. I had a sprag attached to the front axle, which could be dropped from a hook on the dash; we seldom found use for it, but on one occasion it held when the boakes didn't, and probably saved us from trouble. It is rather hard to determine what of these extras would be found most useful; we were unusually fortunate in escaping serious breaks and accidents. Our tour began at Naples, and ended at Havre, a total distance of 2,323 miles, through Rome, Foligno, Gubbio, and over the Apennines to Pesaro and Rimini, which is the end of the Via Flaminia, the ancient highway built by the Romans to connect the Capitol with the cities of the Adriatic. Then the route lay along the wide and level Via Emilia, another Roman relic, and one of the finest roads in all Italy, to Bologna and Piacenza. We went back over the moun- tains again to Genoa—which is approached from the north by an atrociously rocky highway nearing the city—and recrossed them a fourth time from Savona on Italian Riviera, en route to Turin. We Taking an Automobile Abroad 367 reached Susa, at the foot of the Alps, on is pre-eminently the country for the motor- Sunday, July 16th, the day of the great ist, just as he will avoid the rock-throwing hill-climbing race up the Mont Cenis Pass. peasants and general ill feeling in Switzer- The distance is twenty-three kilometers, or ſand as he would the plague. The roads about seventeen miles, and the road turns are perfect and beautifully graded, gener- and twists through gorges and around ally running through avenues of trees. dizzy ridges, up a twelve per cent. grade, Sign boards and warnings of dangerous till it is lost above the clouds at the summit descents and curves are sprinkled every- 7,000 feet above the sea. Our route then where, and the food and service in the little lay through Lanslebourg, Chambery, Aix hotels are infinitely better than in more les Bains, Lyons, Roanne, Nevers and pretentious places in the United States, at Montargis to Paris and from there through about half the cost. Vernon, Rouen and Yvetot to Havre. While the Italians may hold you up for We never took the extra shoes off the hotel prices, they do it so politely that it's side irons during the journey and only almost a delight to be robbed; and on the picked up two punctures in the whole dis countryside everywhere one gets a "buon tance, which was great good luck for us and giorno" or a wave of the handkerchief from spoke well for our tires. the peasants in the fields, who have not yet I had a lot of trouble in Italy through become blase about the automobile and watered and dirty gasoline, though I al look upon it as a nine days' wonder. The ways saw that it was carefully strained, and French countryman is so accustomed to I had only two serious breaks with the motor cars that they awaken little interest engine. The high speed clutch broke when in him. I was surprised to find how little I was thirteen miles up in the mountains his superiors observed the etiquette of the from Savona, and I had to alternately road, as we are taught to practice it at coast and climb on the low speed to get home. During the four or five times I was back to the city. The car was ready again stopped en panne a number of automobiles in three days, and the cost of casting a new whizzed by without even slowing down to band at the foundry and making a new suggest assistance. On the other hand, the clutch out of Bessemer steel was a trifle less Italians invariably come to a full stop, with than twenty-five dollars, or about what it an offer of help, when they find a brother would cost to make the wooden pattern motorist in trouble. alone at home. Gasoline in Italy cost me as much as one It is a mistake to suppose that mechani dollar and twenty-five cents per gallon in cians on the Continent do bad work on an some places, and wasn't good at that; American car, as I had been told, or that though the average price was from eighty they charge exorbitant prices for repairs. cents to a dollar, and in France, where the It takes them a little longer to understand quality is uniform, it only costs about twice the engine, but once they do, they work as much as it does in New York. It is quickly and thoroughly, generally at a price really the most serious item of expense, but far below what we expect to pay for it. the cost of living is so much less, and the The brakes had seemed all right when I charges for repairs are so much cheaper started to cross the Alps, but when we be that the balance is really all in favor of gan the descent they failed to hold, and I touring abroad. had to throw in the low speed to check the The question of taking an American car car at the turns and used the reverse to over depends largely on the owner's famil- stop it when we got to the foot of the Pass. iarity with the engine. The strain stripped the gears, and the car That it can be done, and done success- had to be dismounted, new brake bands fully, tourists are proving every summer. made, and the gears thoroughly overhauled The most important thing is to thoroughly in Aix, yet the whole bill was not more understand your car, and to put it through than sixty dollars. the most rigid tests, so that whatever flaws As for the hotels in Italy, they are in exist can be remedied before it is put clined to raise the prices for motorists. aboard the steamer. “Car coming!” they cry, and the green The roads on the Continent, leading aproned porters rush out to greet the through forests, along poplar-lined avenues, travelers, laying violent hands on the past villages and vineyards in the valleys luggage, while the landlord murmurs and under snow-capped peaks in the "Sting 'em," or its Italian equivalent. He mountain passes are beautiful almost be- at once shows you the bridal chamber, a yond words; but from a practical stand- large, cold, hall-like place; but we adopted point they are frightfully hard on tires, and the system of not shutting off the engine, their flinty surfaces, smooth enough to the and generally convinced him that we could eye, put a constant hammering strain on easily, go somewhere else, and that all the working parts of an automobile. A Americans were not necessarily millionaires. car must be stoutly built to stand up to In France they make every effort to en such work, and it's rather amusing to hear courage travel by automobile, realizing how some patriots howl against the foreign cars, it has brought new life to the country because, as they say, they are not adapted hotels and little villages and what a vast to our roads, which, to be sure, are rougher industry its manufacture has become. It but much more resilient. 368 The Outing Magazine Half the so-called touring cars made in the United States in no way deserve the title from the standard established in France, Italy and Germany. It is not al- ways a question of horse power, but of strength and adequate control. Three speeds or more ahead are an absolute necessity; the hills are seldom short enough to rush them, and the steady steep grades in the mountains are out of the question on the high speed, except for high powered cars geared low. An owner who thinks of taking a car with two speeds ahead to the Continent for touring purposes will save himself a lot of nervous worry if he leaves it at home, and, by the same token, four cylinders relieve some of the responsibility one feels who has only two. A writer in one of the magazines recently says that a touring car should be supplied with at least four brakes, which is rather too many in my opinion, though when one has come down 4,000 feet of an Alpine Pass without any at all he is apt to become a stanch advocate of a machine that brakes on the transmission as well as on the hubs. When your car is properly equipped and tested, there is a beautiful holiday awaiting you along the natural highways on the Continent. There are picturesque old towers and castles dotting the landscape, ancient Roman walls and bridges, and miles of verdant forest through which the white road winds like a snake to end abruptly at some little village, where the inn is open night and day with a kindly welcome for the motorist. There are no speed laws except in the cities, and those the thought- ful driver would observe anyway. There is uniform courtesy if one meets the people half way. With ordinary good luck you will escape serious trouble, and if things break or get out of order, the nearest town is not far distant, with nearly always a blacksmith and a mechanician. There are roads up steep hills into some medieval stronghold in Italy, where the battlements frown at the twentieth century invader, or under covered driveways into the residence of one of the Bourbon kings in France; there are rugged passes along the gorges or through tunnels in the Apen- nines, and the wonderful blue lines of the Adriatic dotted with bright-colored sails spread at one's feet when the summit is reached. There is the quick change from the sun-baked roads on the plain of the Emilia to the chill winds and gray skies of the Alps, where the villages down in the valley become smaller and smaller until the sunlight is shut off entirely, and one is enveloped in a cloak of mist which deadens all sound save the steady purring of the engine. There are nights along the Riviera, when the soft wind in one's face is heavy with the scent of flowers; there are roads in France patroled so well that one can follow the way past lake and river and over the hills in absolute safety, though the moon is be- hind the clouds; or again when the rain falls in torrents and the car skips and skids in the mud, and the warmth and comfort of the country hotel are doubly welcome when the journey is ended. All this, and more, awaits the motorist who can say, with Monte Cristo, “The world is mine”; but if he has the true in- terests of the sport at heart, he will observe the rules of the road and save himself a lot of annoyance by showing proper consideration and respect for the customs of the country. THE RACQUETS SEASON REVIEWED BY GEORGE H. BROOKE THE CHE annual championships in racquets of the United States both in singles and doubles, were won by representatives of Boston. Percy Haughton, the famous ex-fullback_of Harvard, won the singles, and Hugh D. Scott paired with Richmond Fearing, won the doubles. Mr. Scott is a former Philadelphian and represented that city in racquets for several years, but he learned his game originally in Boston when he was an undergraduate at Harvard. The singles championship held in Boston brought out a good field of entries, although the absence of Harold McCormick of Chi- cago and Clarence H. Mackay and Milton S. Barger of New York was a distinct loss, for their presence in the tournament would have completed entirely the list of racquets experts in this country. The victory of Haughton was unexpected, but it should not have been as much of a surprise as it was in the light of his athletic achievements in other lines. And although Mr. Haughton has not been playing rac- quets very long, comparatively speaking, yet from the very beginning he has dis- played an unusually good form and style in his play. It was this easy form com- bined with remarkable coolness which took him through the tournament and won him the championship this year in his final contest with Payne Whitney. The Racquets Season Reviewed 369 Owing to an agreement entered into The first match of importance was be- several years ago the championship was tween Lawrence Waterbury, 1905 cham- played off in the courts of the Boston Ath pion, and Austin Potter. Potter surprised fetic Association which are quite inferior to his friends by his excellent showing against the Bickley courts at either the Boston or the 1905 champion. He won the first and the New York Racquet and Tennis Clubs. fourth games, Waterbury taking the second The front wall and floor in the Athletic and third. When it came to the pinch Association courts have been “Bickley in the last game, however, Waterbury's ized,” but even at that the court was quite superior service told and he won the game tricky and uncertain. Perhaps this tricki by the one-sided score of 1546. The sec- ness of the court had something to do with ond round found four Boston players, two the failure of Quincy A. Shaw, Jr., to make from New York and one each from Chi- a better showing, because Mr. Shaw plays cago and Philadelphia left in the struggle. remarkable shots when he gets well set for At the end of this round all were weed- the strokes; but no one can get well set for ed out but two Bostonians and two New a stroke when the court is uncertain. Yorkers. Perhaps this same result might have The feature of this round was the sensa- happened in the case of Clarence H. Mackay tional finish of Whitney in his match with if he had been playing in this tournament, Brooke, after the latter had won the two for he is another expert who plays in beau first games. Whitney then did better and tifully finished form. He is absolutely at after a very hard fight won the last three home in the perfect courts of the Tuxedo games. Whitney's service was remarkably Club and has proven invincible there. Mr. effective in this match, and he scored no Mackay also went easily through to the fewer than 41 aces by service out of his championship of the New York Racquet total of 71 aces in the whole six games. and Tennis Club this year, playing the His most effective service was a terrific cut most brilliant racquets of his career which that carried from the side wall to the back includes a singles championship a few years wall and then went dead on the floor off the ago. It was regretted on all sides that back wall. business made it impossible for him to go In this round also came the match be- to Boston. His style of game is very pretty tween Shaw and Waterbury. Many Bos- to watch, but his most telling stroke is kill tonians thought the fate of the tournament ing the ball in the front corners. hung on this match. The match proved One of the most interesting and com to be an extremely interesting one. Water- paratively unknown players is Harold Mc bury took the first game quite easily and Cormick of Chicago. Ever since Mr. Shaw the second game still more easily. McCormick came to New York last year Then both men settled down into a fight to in the championships and played through the finish. In the third game Waterbury the first round, his game has been much by a remarkable run of service made the discussed and argued about. He won his score 14-1, when Shaw went in and by first match with great ease and brilliancy, racquets of the most brilliant order, pulled and in his preliminary practice matches out II aces in three successive hands. with George Standing, the New York pro Then he put himself out on an unlucky fessional, he exhibited a form that caused miss which barely cut the tell-tale and the wiseacres to back him heavily for the Waterbury took the game by one of his championships; but unfortunately a tele clever volleys which he dropped out of gram from Chicago took him out of the Shaw's reach. The fourth game was a long tournament before any real test had come. fight, each player going in to serve a num- He has been taught by Boakes, the Chicago ber of times. “At one point in this game professional, who is considered a clever Shaw led by 10–9, but Waterbury made a teacher and it is said that his pupil, Mr. clever rally and ran 6 aces which gave him McCormick, does not know how to make the game and match. a shot in bad form. Milton S. Barger is a In the semi-finals Whitney met H. D. hard and consistent veteran player and Scott who had already put out Thorne of always at his best in a match. Chicago, in a match which was highly inter- It is necessary to consider these racquets esting to some of those present and Water- experts in any discussion of racquets in bury went up against Percy Haughton. this country. But getting back to the Scott, who had only just returned from single championship in Boston, the entry South America, was not in very good form, list brought out a strong field in which having only had a week in which to prac- were four former champions, namely, tice. He had done a little practicing in a Shaw of Boston, Whitney and Waterbury court at Buenos Ayres but not enough to of New York, and Brooke of Philadelphia. get him into shape. Scott was the favorite Other players were Hugh D. Scott, Austin in the betting, but the old Yale oarsman Potter and Matthew Bartlett of Boston and played splendid racquets all through and George Thorne and Paul Hamlin of Chicago. won out three games to one. It was two All of these tournaments are now played to one in Whitney's favor when the last under the Bagnell-Wilde system of drawing game was started, and Scott made a splendid which goes through a weeding-out process effort in the last game to tie his opponent until only a very few survivors are left. for it was set at 13-all, but Whitney's con- 370 The Outing Magazine dition told and he ran the necessary 5 aces for several years) and- Willing Spencer and at the end. T. Truxton Hare of Philadelphia. One of Haughton beat Waterbury three games the Philadelphia pairs and a New York to one. The old Harvard football player team did not qualify after entering, but the was getting on his game better with every field lacked nothing in quality because of match in the tournament and in this con their withdrawals. The absence of Payne test was in great form. He went at his Whitney and Milton S. Barger, who always active and clever adversary with the ut play together, was regretted because they most coolness and never lost his easy style were conceded to be among the strongest or his head for a moment. He used a in the country. clever drop stroke with telling effect and The two teams from Boston were con- varied his service splendidly. Waterbury sidered equally dangerous; Haughton and missed a number of easy kills and Haughton Shaw being thought by some to be even but once or twice failed to take advantage better than the champions, Scott and Fear- of this kind of an opportunity. So the ing. The New York pairs did not seem to finals brought together Haughton and be as strongly partnered as might have Whitney, and the latter being a veteran been, because both Mackay and Waterbury and former champion was the favorite. were paired with players whose records All through his matches thus far Whitney have not been as brilliant as either of these had been winning most of his aces on his two ex-champions. Sands who played severe service and his remarkably hard and with Waterbury, however, was really the accurate forehand stroke. Haughton, how- surprise of the tournament for individual ever, showed great skill and head work in showing, because his specialty is rather keeping the ball to Whitney's back hand court tennis than racquets. He was steady and in handling his difficult service. as a rock and heady and aggressive through- The finish of this match was an exact out the matches. reversal of what Whitney had accom H. D. Scott has now three times been one plished in his match with Brooke. Whit of the pair to win the championship and is ney won the first two games with seeming now conceded by all of the experts to be the ease and seemed to have the match well in best doubles-player in America. The game hand with a good lead in the third game, of doubles is coming more into favor in this but Haughton coolly shifted his hard long country, and rightly so because it is more service to an exceedingly telling short nipinteresting than singles. This fact, how- service and took the last three games, ever, has long been recognized in England. slowly but surely overhauling the New The rallies are longer, the play is faster and Yorker. The score of these three games team-work enters as a strong factor. One shows the desperateness of the play. 15 rally in the second game of the final match 12, 15-13, 15–13. Haughton displayed of the tournament between Scott and Fear- a coolness and headiness throughout the ing and Waterbury and Sands brought the entire tournament which cannot be too gallery to its feet madly applauding, for it highly praised and his championship was was racquets of the most brilliant and sus- well deserved in every particular. tained order. It is an interesting fact when one looks One of Scott's strongest points is his over the list of racquets experts who played knowledge of team-play, which makes him in this tournament, to note how many of a rare partner. He is a hard hitter from them are clever all-around athletes and any position and generally equal to the experts at various games. It only goes to emergency, especially at the most critical show the severe test of the game of rac points. In the final contest when his quets. partner was pretty tired and the games Most of the experts who have been in the three to two against them, Scott arose to singles tournament in Boston came down the occasion and jumped out to the middle to New York later on for the doubles of the court and took nearly everything championship which was played off in the until his partner had rested up a bit. Then splendid new courts of the Racquet and Scott proceeded to play and win out in a Tennis Club of the latter city. This tour most brilliant manner, for out of 23 points nament was won by Hugh D. Scott and in the last two games, 21 were made off of George R. Fearing, representing the Boston his bat. This record was kept by Morton Racquet and Tennis Club; the same pair S. Paton, the veteran expert. that were champions last year. Other Fearing, Scott's partner, played an able pairs entered were Lawrence Waterbury and consistent game throughout; his ser- and Charles Sands of New York; R. K. vice being the best of any player in the Cassatt and G. H. Brooke of Philadelphia; tournament. His great reach enabled him Clarence H. Mackay and George C. Clarke, to make gets in the rallies that seemed Jr., of New York, Quincy A. Shaw, Jr., and fairly impossible. When he serves he hits Percy Haughton of Boston. These teams the ball slightly above his shoulder and were considered the strongest. brings it down into the courts with good Others entered were Ř. P. and Ford length, great speed and a heavy cut. A Huntingdon of New York, W. E. Bates and record of aces made on service in this Barclay H. Warburton of Philadelphia (the tournament would prove to be in favor of latter player having been out of racquets Fearing by quite an easy margin. The Racquets Season Reviewed 371 The most important early match in the three days' play was between Shaw and Haughton and Brooke and Cassatt. This was won by the Philadelphians, four games to two, after the Boston men had won the first two games. The Philadelphia con- tingent then had high hopes of their team getting into the finals, but these hopes were blanked when the next day Brooke and Cassatt were defeated by Waterbury and Sands. Shaw and Haughton took the first two games by very fast and accurate play; the scores being 8-13 and 15-9. In the third game Brooke and Cassatt braced up and overwhelmed their opponents by 1540 and followed this by another win of 15—2, making the score 'two games all. Then they took another game 15—6. In the sixth game Shaw and Haughton seemed in a fair way to tie the games, having the lead of 10 aces to 4. Brooke and Cassatt, how- ever, went together in good team-play and kept pegging away and won out by 15-12. In the semi-final round Fearing and Scott met Mackay and Clarke. Clarke was runner up in the single championship last year and with Mackay as his partner was expected to make a good showing: Al- though Mackay and Clarke had already played a match in the morning against Spencer and Hare of Philadelphia, they made a clever showing against Fearing and Scott, going especially strong toward the end of the match. The Boston pair started out at a terrific pace and took three games straight, 15-9, 15—9 and 15-10; then the New Yorkers took the fourth game 15-12, clearly outplaying their opponents, making 8 aces by service. The fifth and last game was won by Bos- ton after a very hard struggle, 18—16. In this game each team made 9 aces on service. Fearing and Scott made 3 aces to their op- ponents' 2 in placing and missed one less stroke than did Mackay and Clarke. If Clarke and Mackay could have pulled out this last game the match might very easily have gone on to seven games with the out- come doubtful. Waterbury and Sands beat Brooke and Cassatt four games to two. The New Yorkers took the first two games, 1548 and 15—6, and then the Philadelphians won the third game, 15—7, but went down on the fourth, 15—3. They braced, how- ever, in the fifth game which they won, 15-11, making the score two to three against them. The sixth game was a splendid contest and after the score was against Brooke and Cassatt 12—3, they ran it up to 13—all, only to fall down at the finish when Sands went in and served 5 aces. The final match which brought Messrs. Scott and Fearing of Boston against Messrs. Waterbury and Sands of New York, as- sumed somewhat the aspect of an inter city fight, but the betting was two to one on the Boston pair. This contest was undoubt- edly the best that has ever been played in championship doubles in this country. Each man was keen and throughout the contest played at the top of his game. Throughout the whole trying ordeal there was no pause, no breathing spell, no falter- ing. At one time the New York team un- expectedly led by three games to two and the excitement at this point was intense. The team that went down to defeat de- serves the very greatest credit. For the first four games the tide of victory flowed first one way and then the other. Water- bury and Sands seemed a trifle rattled at the start, losing 9 aces by misses in the first game. The second game, however, went their way, they scoring 8 points by service and winning the fifth by their op- ponents' misses and scoring 2 on_clever placing. The third game went to Boston, 15—6, the winners making most of the points by service. As the match went on fewer and fewer points were won by op- ponents' misses and the play settled down into splendid racquets. The fourth game went to Waterbury and Sands, 15—11, making the score two all. Waterbury went into serve at the start of the fifth game and the day seemed brighter for them. When his side took this game at 15-9 only making two misses, the gal- lery gave them well-merited applause. With the score three games to two against his side, Mr. Scott of Boston came into evidence and from now on he stayed in evidence, making as has been said 21 aces out of 23 off his own bat; the other 9 points being scored by seven opponents' misses and two kills from the bat of Fearing. This tells the story of the finish of this memorable contest. A good standard of sportsmanship was established when the New York Com- mittee in charge of the tournament, find- ing that the original drawings were all favor of New York, changed them around at the last moment and practically put their own teams at a disadvantage and espe- cially Messrs. Mackay and Clarke, who, as has been said, had to play two matches in the same day-a great handicap. In the original drawings Boston and Philadel- phia had to fight it out for the honor of meeting New York in the finals. As the drawings were changed all representatives had an equal chance for the finals. An interesting point came up in regard to the allowing of a "let” ball in the match between Scott and Fearing and Mackay and Clarke. The writer was referee at the time and in his several years of experience has never seen a similar point acise. It occurred in this way. Clarke, who was serving into the back hand court to Fearing, jumped across the middle of the court to handle the latter's return. He hit straight up and down, Fearing in the meantime coming up behind him. As Fearing re- turned Clarke's straight hit, his bat, at the finish of his stroke, hit Clarke over the eye and stunned him for a second. Owing to 372 The Outing Magazine this he was unable to try for Fearing's next he has not his bat on the ball, however the shot which was an easy one and claimed a let will not be allowed. A point in this let, which was allowed. If Fearing had connection which is not sufficiently con- hit Clarke at the beginning of his stroke, sidered is that a player is not able always the latter would not have been entitled to to show that his bat is on the ball without ask for a let himself if he had not won the going so far with the stroke that it is im- point. possible to draw back, but referees can do The question of allowing lets in our a great deal toward lessening the danger by American game is rather a serious and diffi establishing the custom of allowing lets cult one, especially in doubles where the wherever there is the slightest reasonable action is very quick and intricate. Ameri cause for the same. can players take chances in hitting each Speaking generally the class of amateurs other in their keenness to win which I in this country showed considerable im- understand English players refuse to take. provement this year. Most of the experts There has never yet been a serious injury, showed ability to do something with the however, in any of our big tournaments, ball besides hitting it hard when it came although there have been a number of nar their way and also increased ability to hit row escapes. Professional players never off the side wall, or from any position, with have to ask for a let because they stop confidence. their bat if there is the least possibility of It is a great shame that more of our col- hitting an opponent and that opponent leges and schools do not build racquets and then allows the let without question. tennis courts as they do in England, for Amateurs are pretty apt to claim every thereby we would have a greater interest thing in sight in the way of lets, so the in these two splendid indoor games. When question is a pretty difficult one some a man leaves college and goes into business times for a referee to decide. he needs exercise more in the winter than It is generally agreed if a player has at any other time of the year, and an in- his bat on the ball, and if he continued the bred love for a game like racquets or court stroke he would thereby endanger an op tennis would go a long way to help him ponent, that he then may claim a let. If obtain it. A NEW ERA IN YACHTING BY FRANK BARKLEY COPLEY "Puhe Puto put-put!" It is the voice of the gasoline motor. You hear it everywhere now-on sea, bay, river and mountain lake. And even when you don't hear the “put-put," you see great, stately sail yachts gliding swiftly along without a shred of canvas unfurled, and you know the motor must be there. Within the short period of three years the sturdy little marine motor has been brought to a state of such really splendid efficiency and re- liability as to enable it to win a notable victory over the average sailorman's prej- udices. The pleasures of the water have been made possible for scores who have been debarred from them by considera- tions of time and expense. In fact, we have reached the dawn of a new era in yachting These statements refer particularly to the use of the motor as a power auxiliary to that of the wind. The exploits of auto or motor boats designed, for racing pur- poses, to attain the sensational speed of twenty-eight or more statute miles an hour have drawii the public's attention to the possibilities of distinctly “power” craft of all descriptions; but the gasoline marine engine has won its greatest victory over prejudice, in connection with its installa- tion on sail yachts. Our inventive friends were led to real- ize many years ago that if an auxiliary power could be supplied to help out yachts during periods of stress it would gain for the sport many additional followers; but the problem at first seemed insurmount- able. An engine would have to be devised that would not take up much room, nor add materially to the yacht's displacement. It was strictly necessary that the power should be ready to hand when wanted, and be capable of being quickly shut off when not wanted. It was desirable that the power should not require the services of high-priced attendants. The engine would have to be of the highest economy, as there could be carried only a limited amount of fuel. Furthermore, if the cabin space were not to be infringed upon, the fuel it- self would have to contain highly concen- trated energy: These requirements naturally put steam and electricity out of the question. What then? As all the world knows, the answer eventually was gasoline. It was some fif- teen or twenty years ago that the possi- bilities of gasoline engines first became ap- A New Era in Yachting 373 parent. But there was a good deal of talk greatly indebted to the automobile; it was and shaking of heads when they were first the sudden bound of these machines into installed on sail yachts. To the sailormen widespread popularity that induced in- who thought they could afford to take ventive ingenuity to apply itself diligently chances on being becalmed, the auxiliary to the perfection of gasoline motors of all yacht, thus created, was an outrageous sorts. The racing craze, both on land and profanation of the sentiment of the sea. water, helped the good work along. Re- It was scornfully sniffed at as a “hybrid” member this when you feel inclined to con- —something that was neither one thing nor demn speed tests as altogether foolish. the other. There is nothing like a hard, forced run to The implication of course was that the bring out all of an engine's latent defects person who did not care to submit to the and reveal all of its possibilities. caprices of the wind should get a steam A marine engine has developed, there- yacht. To this polite suggestion the ad fore, that is well calculated to meet all the vocates of the auxiliary had two ready objections that have been brought against answers. The first was that, while a steam those of the internal combustion type. Its yacht was a very pretty plaything indeed, general principle of operation remains the the pleasure one got out of it was not the same (which is to say that its power is same as that which one got out of a sail created by a series of explosions caused by yacht. The second answer was that, the ignition of a mixture of gas and air leaving aside all considerations of the first compressed into a clearance above the cost of such pretty playthings, one had to piston); but its weight has been materi- come dangerously near being in the million ally reduced by the abandonment of use- aire class to keep even the smallest of them less parts and the substitution of lighter in commission. metals for other parts; and its general effi- The auxiliary was designed, therefore, ciency has been greatly enhanced by a to retain all the advantages of sailing craft more compact and economical arrange- while doing away with all its disadvan ment. The greatest gain, however, has tages. As it was not to be made into the been made in reliability. The engines equivalent of a steamer, but, on the con turned out nowadays approximate pretty trary, was to remain distinctly a sailing closely the ideal state of being "foolproof; craft, able at all times, for economical as that is, they are built so as not to require well as sentimental reasons, to take full ad much intelligence on the part of the ope- vantage of the power it gets gratis when rator. This has been brought about the wind blows, the engines installed were chiefly by having the engine perform auto- of moderate power in proportion to the matically several functions that previously size of the boat. When of their own ef had to be performed by hand. forts they were able to drive the yacht This, then, is the gist of the whole mat- along at the rate of four or five knots an ter: It is now possible, at a cost ranging hour, they were considered very satisfac between a few hundred dollars and a few tory, this speed being about all that could thousand in accordance with the horse- be desired, not only to enable the yacht to power desired, to equip a sail yacht with continue a cruise or make a harbor when a durable, reliable and clean-working little the wind died away, but to permit it to engine that is easily attended to by one man leave its moorings without the aid of a tug. and operated at a small expense. The It was also found that the auxiliary en best that are made consume when running gine added to the safety of the yacht, in under full load only one pint of gasoline that it was of assistance in flying before a an hour for each horse-power developed, storm and obviated all danger of drifting and, when they are slowed down, the con- on to a lee shore. But, in spite of its mani sumption is automatically reduced. As fest advantages, the auxiliary yacht, for the price of a pint of gasoline ranges be- many years after its introduction, made tween a cent and a cent and a half, one can slow progress in winning popular favor. run a yacht equipped with a ten horse- Sentiment is a tremendous force to oppose, power engine at top speed at a cost of be- and all innovations have a hard time of it tween ten and fifteen cents an hour. Such in this conservative world of ours; but the an engine can drive a fifty-foot cruising trouble was largely due to the fact that the yacht at the rate of a little more than six gasoline marine motor was still in a more statute miles an hour, and enough gasoline or less inchoate state. Even the smallest can be safely stored on the yacht to keep were rather heavy and cumbersome, .while the engine going for four hundred miles the larger ones had the additional defect continuously. of excessive vibration. All sizes were In installing an engine, builders show a likely to get out of order when subjected tender consideration for sail-boat senti- to anything save the most expert of hand ment by hiding it away under the lazarette, ling, and the methods of their installation beneath a companionway, behind a par- were occasionally so defective as to cause tition, or in a casing that looks like a piece explosions that led people to be afraid of of furniture. Even when it is in operation, them. its presence on board would hardly be sus- But in the last three years or so there pected; for the latter-day high-class ma- has been a great change. For this we are rine motor has little or no vibration, and 374 The Outing Magazine the "put-put"and the odor are diminished by means of a pipe through which the ex- haust gas, along with the exhaust water, is discharged below the boat's water-line. And so the man on the auxiliary yacht is able not only to retain his cabin, but his nautical conscience is left unvexed by any suggestion of machinery, while, however fickle may be the breeze, he is always cer- tain of making his harbor. So general has become the conviction of the motor's utility and desirability that it is being installed in all kinds of sail- boats from little dories up to the old-time schooner yachts, 80, 90 and 100 feet long. The only danger from a gasoline engine lies in possible leakage from tank or feed pipe, and it is unfortunate that the best way to guard against this remains an open question among experts. Some maintain that the tank should be placed in a bulk- head at the bow, where sea water, admit- ted through holes, can circulate around it, and that the feed pipe should ex- tend to the engine along the keel on the outside. On the other hand, the dictum is laid down that the tank should be as near the engine as possible, so as to have the least possible piping, and that any plan that does not permit the tank and pipe to be accessible at all times is an objection- able one. When the installation is in ac- cordance with this principle, the precaution is taken to place the tank in a false tank or over a tray, so that possible leakage may be collected and conducted overboard through a pipe. The latter plan is the more prevalent one, but the conflict of opinion is such that on some yachts the tank will be found at the bow, on others against the motor, and on still others boxed in on deck. It has been asked whether all danger could not be overcome by substituting kerosene for gasoline. This surely would be a deside- ratum, not only for reasons of safety, but because of the possibility, as well, that the supply of gasoline may not be able to keep pace with the constantly increasing de- mand, and some believe that kerosene will be the ultimate solution of the prob- lem. The trouble is, however, that the very fact which constitutes the greater safety of kerosene, namely, that it will not generate an explosive gas until heated to a high degree, makes it of less value than gasoline for use in an engine. There is, also, the far more important fact that, since its combustion is not complete, it leaves a residuent that is likely to get into the parts and corrode them. No entirely sat- isfactory method of disposing of the waste matter has yet been devised. After all, the danger from gasoline ma- rine engines is more theoretical than actual. Have your motive apparatus installed by a man who knows his business, and you need not worry so long as you use com- So satisfactory have been the workings of gasoline, that many owners of sail yachts equipped with motors able to drive four or five miles an hour have taken them out and replaced them by others which could give a speed of eight or even ten miles. The practice is also growing of utilizing motor and wind at the same time. Taking it all in all, it is not exaggerat- ing the situation to say that the develop- ment of the gasoline engine has done more to add to the popularity of yachting than anything else within recent years. Some sentiment the auxiliary motor may have outraged, but it is in line with the Ameri- can spirit—the spirit which looks, first of all, to practical results. mon sense. MAKING THE COUNTRY HOME HOW TO CARE FOR THE FRUIT, VEGETABLE AND FLOWER GARDENS BY EBEN E. REXFORD FOR "OR fertilizing fruit trees nothing is superior to wood ashes and bone meal. Use in the proportion of 200 pounds of the latter to a ton of ashes. This makes a complete, well-balanced fertilizer, cheap, easily prepared, and one of the most effec- tive of all manures for orchard use. Scat- ter it liberally about the trees. Continue to spray apple trees with Bor- deaux mixture, for the scab, and use the mix- ture of Bordeaux and Paris green advised last month, for maggot and other insects. Cease to cut asparagus, and let the tops grow for the remainder of the season. Late, persistent cutting will injure the roots permanently. Keep all weeds down, the soil open, and apply commercial fer- tilizer freely. If the tops of this plant turn brown, and take on a rusty look, you may know that fungus growth has established itself on it. Cut the tops and burn them, as soon as it is discovered. Nip off the young blackberry shoots when they are two and a half or three feet tall. Allow only three or four to a plant Cabbage and cauliflower should be set to grow. Making the Country Home 375 plant in the main vine. Spray with Bor- deaux mixture if signs of blight are seen. This may be told, on any plant, by the turning brown and curling of the edge of the leaves. Summer varieties of radish can be sown now. Remember a very rich, quick soil is required to grow this de- lightful vegetable to perfection. main crop. THE FLOWER GARDEN your hoe. now, and another lot at the end of the month for a late crop. Manure heavily. Be on the lookout for worms and insects and bacteria. Use Paris green for the former, and apply Bordeaux mixture if leaf-blight appears. Be prompt in the use of fungicides and insecticides, for it is much easier to check a disease in its in- cipiency than when it has become well established. Set celery plants now for the Put them a foot apart, in rows, and use plenty of manure. Spray the currant bushes with Paris green, to kill the currant worm. Keep on doing this till the fruit sets. Hellebore is often advised, but it is not an easy matter to get the fresh, strong powder. If not fresh it is worthless, and you run the risk of losing the entire crop of fruit in experi- menting with it. There is no danger in using Paris green if the use of it is not con- tinued after the fruit has reached its full size. A shower will wash it off the plants. None of its poisonous properties are ever absorbed by the fruit or leaves. Spray gooseberries with sulphide of potassium-half an ounce to a gallon of water-for mildew. Continue the use of Bordeaux mixture on grapes. Rub off all the new shoots that are not needed for keeping the vines well supplied with fruit-bearing wood. If fruit sets heavily, it is well to thin half of it out. You may not get as many bunches if you do this, but you will get larger, finer fruit in every way, and probably as great a quantity of it. Look out for bugs and beetles on melons and cucumbers. A screen of mosquito netting over a frame of stout wire can easily be made, to place over the young vines. As a further precaution against enemies, tobacco dust can be sifted thickly over the plants. Be on the watch, also, for the potato bug. Use the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green combined, as ad- vised last month, to kill off blight, rot and bugs. Keep the ground well cultivated for squashes. Cover the joints of the vines with soil, to counteract the effect of the borer. It may be necessary to use screens over these plants, if the beetle shows an inclination to take up his abode on them. Plow up old strawberry beds which have outlived their usefulness, and prepare new Set them with the strongest of the young plants from the old stock, or with varieties obtained from the best growers. Do not go in for "fancy" sorts, but get such kinds as have established good claims to merit. Beds bearing their first crop of berries should have their runners clipped at least once a week, to throw the strength of the plant into itself, and the soil should be kept free from weeds and well cultivated. To secure early tomatoes, train the plants on a trellis and pinch off the side shoots, in order to concentrate the strength of the rose. Keep the weeds down here. Remember that every weed you allow to grow and form seed will furnish progeny enough to fill the entire garden next season, and hold steadily to the determination that not a weed shall escape your vigilance — and If plants are thick in the beds, thin them out at once. Every plant that is not needed there robs the necessary plants of the nutriment that should be concentrated on them. Do not throw away the plants that you pull up. Some friend or neighbor may be glad to get them. If no one wants them, put them out in a corner by them- selves, and let them furnish a supply of flowers for cutting. Lilacs will complete their flowering this month, after which the bushes can be given whatever pruning they need. Apply ma- nure freely, to assist their annual growth, which will take place as soon as flowering is over. Be on the lookout for the enemies of the You will have to fight for every fine flower. I have given up the use of helle- bore, because it is so unreliable. Paris green is likely to burn the foliage if strong, and if weak it fails to accomplish the pur- pose for which it is used. I depend on a homemade remedy which is made by melt- ing half a cake of the ordinary size of Ivory soap and mixing it with a teacupful of kero- sene. Dilute this mixture with ten gallons of water and apply with a sprayer, being careful to have it get to all parts of the plant. This preparation is far more satis- factory than any of the insecticides for sale by the florists, and will never injure the foliage or flowers. It is a good plan to be- gin the use of it before the various rose enemies put in an appearance, and keep up its use until their season of activity is House plants can be put out-of-doors with entire safety now. The best place for them is on a veranda sheltered from the afternoon sun. Leave them in their pots. Plan for free circulation of air about them. Do not allow any that are to be made use of in the house next winter to bloom during the summer. Throw their strength into the production of branches. These should be nipped at the end, from time to time, to force the production of side branches, thus securing a bushy, compact plant, with plenty of flowering points. If not properly trained, most plants adapted to house cul- over. ones. new 376 The Outing Magazine ture will grow into awkward shapes, but with a little attention at the proper time, they can easily be made symmetrical. The proper time is now, while the plant is in process of development. A correspondent asks why I do not ad. vise turning plants out of their pots, and putting them in the ground in summer. My reason is this: Plants treated in that manner will make a great growth of roots, most of which must be sacrificed when the time comes to lift and pot the plants in fall. This leaves the plants in a weak, crippled condition at the very time when they ought to be at their best, in order to stand the trying change of conditions which they have to meet when they are taken indoors. Plants kept in pots escape this ordeal. Very likely your hollyhocks will begin to look rusty by midsummer. The edges of their leaves will turn brown and crumble away and the whole plant will look as if it thought of dying. "It has the rust,” your neighbors will tell you. But the right name for the trouble is bacteria. Bordeaux mix- ture is the only remedy, and the sooner you apply it after you find that your plants are affected, the more chance you stand of getting flowers. If you are going to have beds of "foliage plants,” like the coleus, centaurea, pyre- ihrum, alternanthera and achyranthes, pro- cure them at once. Let the soil be mellow and moderately rich—if very rich the growth will be too rank and coarse for beauty-and set the three first-named plants about eight inches apart, the other two about four. Provide yourself with some pruning shears, for all plants used in working out designs or patterns will have to be clipped whenever their branches threaten to straggle out of their own premises and into those belonging to an- other color. If this is not done, all clear- ness of outline will be lost sight of, and there will simply be a mass of confused colors. Use the hoe and the weeding hook often enough to keep the soil light and porous. This is important. When the sweet peas come into bloom, cut their flowers off as soon as they begin to fade. This prevents them from forming seed, and the plants, in their efforts to perpetuate their kind, will straightway produce more flowers, and keep on doing this as long as interfered with. In this manner, flowers are secured throughout the entire season. But if seed is allowed to form, you will have comparatively few flowers during the latter part of summer. Start young plants of Boston and other varieties of fern for winter use. Give them a rich, turfy, soil, with considerable sand mixed with it. Keep them well watered, and out of the sun. Get your window boxes ready at once. Fill them with a rich soil. Fasten them securely in place as they will be heavy when the soil is filled with water and may break loose from an ordinary support. Fill them with such plants as geraniums, fuchsias, petunias, nasturtiums, heliotropes and verbenas, to furnish flowers, ferns, ficus, coleus and pyrethrum, for foliage, and vines like moneywort, lysimachia, tradescantia, and glechoma, to droop over the front of the box. If you use a pailful of water on a box of ordinary size, daily, you can grow plants just as well in it as they can be grown in pots. Plenty of water is the secret of success in window- box culture. Keep your chrysanthemums growing steadily by giving them all the water they can make use of, and applying some good fertilizer at least once a fortnight. HOW TO SHOE YOUR HORSE BY F. M. WARE ROPER shoeing of the horse has much touched, since these parts throw off all old to , horn, unless it is worn away by ordinary and this article might appropriately have attrition. The sole can never be too thick, been included in that of last month. As nor the frog too large. The heels must, in originally applied, a shoe was meant simply healthy feet, never be opened, although to protect the horse's foot from excessive occasionally, a foot may prove to be so wear, but latter-day ingenuity corrects strong-growing that it may need easing with it various defects in action. For ordi just in the angles between bars and crust. nary everyday use, the simpler the methods The shoe should be nailed on firmly, with we adopt the better, and the chief ends to not over six nails, and these driven so that be attained are the preserving or restoring while they take a wide hold of the horn, of the natural angle and direction of the they come out for clinching low down on hoof. This is accomplished first by rasping the foot; thus minimizing the chances of (never by cutting) away any surplus pricking the sensitive portions, and also growth of wall, and, as a general rule, enabling the nail-holes to quickly grow lowering it to the level of the sole, which, down and disappear. The nails should be together with the frog, is never under any driven with sundry rather gentle taps, circumstances (in the healthy foot) to be rather than with a few blows, as thus any How to Shoe Your Horse 377 splitting or indirection of the nail-points sunk or they are worse than useless, as the may be readily detected; as the animal elevation of the toe will put too much will flinch before the quick is really touched. strain upon the back tendons. They are The driven nails should not be "drawn" worn on fore as well as hind feet, or on too vigorously in clinching, lest discomfort either, in combination with shoes; they or pain ensue; should be filed gently, that are as effective for riding as for driving; they may clinch easily; and the clinches and the nearly bare foot is as adhesive to themselves hammered smooth, and rasped the all-pervading asphalt as the costly with as little disturbance of the horn as rubber pads. Three precautions must be possible, that the beautiful enamel with exercised in their use: First, that the toe is which Nature has covered all hoofs may be well shortened and lowered, and the heels uninjured. This covering, which prevents left alone, as attrition will attend to them; a too rapid evaporation of moisture, is second, that the toe is frequently re- customarily ruthlessly mutilated, or almost shortened, as the frog-pressure will cause entirely removed by the rasp of the average the whole foot to grow in extraordinary smith, and in its place thoughtless fashion fashion; third, that, naturally, for the first has decreed that a quantity of greasy and few weeks the horse may, if driven much filthy “dressing” shall be smeared about over gravel, etc., wear a little thin in the the feet, which chokes their pores, and heels, and require rest for a few days, or injures their texture, hurts their appear possibly the application of a full shoe for a ance, and renders them defiling to hands short period—which will not happen once or gloves. No more idiotic fad than this Nature arranges for the demand for an obtains in connection with equine manage extra supply of horn. Bare feet are equally ment. practical under certain conditions, and for As small and as few nails as will hold the several months each year the average horse shoe for the work intended should be used could go unshod while at work to his gen- -six or seven for ordinary work, eight eral betterment; for not only will his feet perhaps for draught horses. Nail as much benefit as well as his legs, in the relation of as possible around the toes, where the horn the joints to each other, but we can ascer- is thickest, and rarely beyond the turn of tain if we will only take the trouble, how the wall, at all events on the inside, thus he wears his hoof. The worn shoe and the insuring freedom to the quarters of the feet. bare foot are pages full of information to Shoes left on too long will be drawn to the any one who cares to read. outside quarter, and the bearing thus Another advantage of the tip and the shifting on to the inner wall will cause a naked hoof is, that if the animal kicks an- bruise (or corn). The hind feet rarely give other, or any person, the effect is probably trouble, and then chiefly because the inner harmless; while if he steps on your foot, quarters may grow too strongly, and curl results are equally free from damage; nor under. Clips should be turned up at toe does he ever caſk himself—in short the and outer quarter, and they should always system's only drawback is that horses so be thin and on the edge of the shoe. Not a shod will not step high, nor will tips “bal- tool should be allowed to touch the normal ance" an animal ill-shaped enough to re- foot but the rasp and the hammer. The quire the maintaining of an artificial equi- knife and the buttress are more than useless librium. —from them come nine-tenths of the ills Contracted feet always benefit-and the to which equine feet are heir. Care of the trouble generally disappears if not too feet should begin at early colthood, but complicated — by using tips. Certain this means only a monthly overhauling forms, however, require more gradual frog- with the rasp to level unevenly worn walls, pressure, removing excessive horn, straight- and to shorten and round up the toes. éning out the curled-in quarter or quarters, Many malformations and faults in action and the copious application of moisture by can thus be permanently corrected by soaking the feet, by poultices, and by wet gradual methods which, if neglected, must applications about the coronets. Mechani- insure early and certain disability. cal spreading of the heels is in general Personally the writer believes in, and for favor, but also in not unusual abuse, and thirty years has persistently used, tips should be undertaken only by the com- alternately, in the snows of winter, or the petent veterinary. Much torture to the mud of spring or in any sandy locality, with animal has been caused by it. If frog. the feet bare and entirely unprotected. pressure, well-fitting shoes, watchfulness of Not all horses can wear tips—those with the quarters and moisture are always ac- very oblique pasterns, with low, fleshy corded the feet, we shall never see a con- heels and thin soles, with navicular disease, tracted hoof. If shod, great freedom must laminitis, etc.; but for the normal foot, or be allowed the quarters when the frog- to those subjects affected by contracted pressure is provided, that they may obtain feet, corns, thrush, quarter-crack (usually) its full benefits. or those who interfere, speedy cut, or over Quarter-crack comes usually from a con- reach, they are simply invaluable; and tracted quarter; from too much dryness of they are also most economical. They the horn; from inferior nutrition of the should be as thin and light as possible; horny structure; from unequal leveling of preferably of steel; and invariably counter the wall of the foot which imposes undue 378 The Outing Magazine stress upon a certain part which concussion and as a buffer if he actually strikes; while causes to give way. One of the chief draw it has other advantages in that the animal backs to the system of cold-fitting shoes is not dependent upon some careless groom (i.e., doing away with the application of the to see that he is protected before work. hot shoe to get a level bearing) was its If a horse persistently “crossfires" he tendency to cause quarter-crack because will be helped by using a very sharply the human eye is not true enough to detect beveled shoe behind, almost triangular- all inequalities. Tips will cure most cases, shaped on the inside for two-thirds the but a bar-shoe well "sprung" under the distance to the heel, and with a very long crack, and the horn cut away there, will be outside heel. The shoe on the front foot is surer and enable the horse to work on. as sharply beveled where it is struck, and Corns are bruises, usually in the inner the feet in both cases are allowed to set well heel, arising generally from the shoes shift out over the shoes. The so-called “Mem- ing or remaining too long without renewing; phis shoe" with double bar across sole will or from a stone or gravel bruise. Blood help some horses. makes a red spot on the horn, and, in bad Of late years a veritable craze has arisen cases, an ulcer with serious internal com for the growing of long toes on both carriage plications. The bar-shoe again is useful, and saddle horses, and this foolish fashion well sprung off both heels if the horse is to is working much harm to the unfortunate work; or tips in some cases answer well. animals concerned. So many of our native Interfering is rare indeed where tips are horses are double-gaited, and inclined to worn. If the horse is shod in full shoes the amble, or to mix their gaits that to insure a clinching should be carefully watched, and free and bold trot with attendant high ac- no nail driven where the offending hoof is tion, long toes both before and behind have struck; the shoe itself fitting very close been found useful and necessary (unfortu- under the wall, and especially at the heel; nately) in certain celebrated cases. Igno- even beveled sharply its whole inside rant of the manner in which show horses are length; the inside heel may be cut off kept, forthwith the purchasers of all ani- (three-quarter shoe); or that heel raised mals thus artfully and artificially balanced or lowered a little; inside calks should set by ingenious purveyors, retain the abnor- well to the inside of the web, and the out mal length of the hoof with which they find side heel be rather long, especially if the their purchases provided, and are amazed horse is inclined to slide when he sets down to discover that, in the ordinary work-a- his hind feet. day life of the average carriage horse, these Forging or over-reaching depends largely unfortunates quickly and frequently be- upon the natural shape of the animal. Is come lame, and do not retain their physical he heaviest before or behind? high- or low condition under ordinary work because the headed? upright, or slanting of shoulder? exertion of locomotion is so vastly more legs disproportionately long long, elastic, fatiguing when the subject is, as it were, or short and upright pasterns? long sweep always traveling uphill. Great stress is ing action behind? little hock action, or a thus thrown upon the back tendons, con- good deal? toeing-in (with weak hocks), or cussion is augmented, the joints are thrown toeing-out (with "cow” hocks)? These out of proper relations and especially is are a few of the combinations. Every case the evil magnified when, in addition, the is a study-and every case can be cured. animal is used under saddle. If these long First "hang him up right” as to carriage toes are suddenly shortened, the owner is of head, neck, etc.; second, drive or ride, likely to find that he has been harboring a him well in hand; third, find out where he very mixed-gaited horse, or possibly a con- strikes—heel, toe, or quarter?—or "cross firmed and pure-going pacer; but gradual fires" on to the opposite fore-foot. If the diminution of the excessive toe with each heel is struck, bevel it sharply, or cut it succeeding shoeing will probably provoke away (as in a three-quarter shoe); if the no such disheartening relapse. inside of web at toe, cut that away, and Even as we may gradually shorten all shift the weight to the heel. Very heavy toes to normal length, so may we as cau- hind shoes may help with the weight in the tiously decrease the weight of the shoes toes, and the toes rather long; extreme until a reasonable avoirdupois is attained. cases yield to bar-shoes on the hind feet Supposing a horse wears sixteen ounces at with the toes cut off. Excellent results purchase; four weeks' wear will greatly come from raising the heels high behind lighten the shoe, and still he will go level, (no toe calks), and “rolling." the front and in form. Weigh this worn shoe, and shoes sharply, or even making the toes replace it with one of the same weight, square. which will be quite a bit lighter. Nine Interferers and “knee-knockers" may times in ten the animal will go as before, be greatly helped by placing between the and thus the shoes may be gradually re- shoe and the foot on the inside a strip of duced in weight to as light a figure as ample leather beginning just beyond the turn of protection warrants. A varying adjust- the wall, and gradually widening to about ment of the weight in such shoe will help an inch at the heel. This is notched like retain the desired balance and action, but saw-teeth, and, while almost unnoticeable, long toes and heavy shoes (save only for acts as a reminder if the horse goes close, an odd show harness-horse or two) have no How to Shoe Your Horse 379 place in modern practical farriery either for park, road, speedway or track. Rubber pads are nowadays a necessity in our asphalt streets, and a boon on any pavement, their only drawback being that, if a horse has weak quarters, they will occasionally cause lameness, and that they prevent the free application of moisture to the sole, without which. no foot can long remain perfectly healthy. Still they are far better than the old calks which never remained sharp long in city work, and they save both their wearer's limbs from many wounds and stable floors from much chipping, while they also place the horse's feet-and consequently all joints above them-at a restful angle, as they are slight- ly higher at the heels. Any horse at liber- ty, given the opportunity, will stand with his feet downhill, so that such posture must be restful to him. There has never seemed any special value in the various stoppings" of oil-meal, wet clay, etc., which are so frequently used. A small, wet sponge confined in the foot by a bit of steel sprung between shoe and hoof on both sides is equally moist, and certainly more cleanly; or the ordinary soaking-tub is thoroughly efficacious. Web swabs tied about the coronets are very valuable, and somehow the shod horse must get a chance at plenty of moisture for his feet, especially if the blacksmith is to work his wanton will with the rasp on the external hoof in the effort to turn out a neat job. We prop the poor creature up on shoes; we open his heels, and pare his bars and sole; we bind his feet with nails too near the quarters; we file off that marvellous external varnish which nature provides; we clog the pores with regular applications of grease; we twist him out of balance and true relations in every joint; we violently and occasionally soak his poor toes instead of frequently and slightly moistening the horny surfaces—and then we wonder that all our intelligent care(?)": produces in a few months or years a crippled horse! Look at the feet of the average animal passing in the streets, and see how distorted they are, how disfigured his ankles and legs, how altered his gait and natural bearing and yet the S. P. C. A. agents apparently find no occasion for in- terference, and look with supreme indiffer- ence on thousands of cases which are suffer- ing torture that could be corrected, or greatly palliated, in a brief space of time. There exists a crying need in our cities for a cheap pad which may, in time of frost or wet, be quickly fastened into the ordi- nary shoe, so that the animal may get about safely during the few days, or hours, when these conditions obtain. Rubber pads are too costly for the average horse owner, and the ordinary shoe if properly set, so that the big and unmutilated frog has a chance to do its work, is sufficient for average con- ditions. A fortune awaits any one who can successfully invent such a pad: cheap, durable, easily put on and off; stout enough in its fastenings to withstand the stress of pulling and of backing vehicles and their loads, something that the peddler, butcher, grocer, etc., may carry in their wagons, and use as occasion arises; not a rich man's convenience, but a poor man's (and his horse's) blessing. Through success shall accrue to the lucky inventor many shekels, and countless blessings from the hearts of those who are yearly and daily made indignant and heartsick at the really dread- ful sights everywhere evident along city thoroughfares during any wet or freezing spell of weather. A pad of leather inter- woven with piano wire (or any highly tempered wire) might answer; wire loops going over each heel of the shoe; confined at the toe (this seems the difficult feature) by a similar loop pushed through an aper- ture at toe, on the ground surface between it and the shoe, and confined in some way (as by a wedge) outside the foot in front. This pad should be thick enough to bring its surface well below the foot, that the woven wire may come fully in contact with the pavement, and the fastening contriv- ances of wire would be easily strong enough for ordinary driving, delivery work, etc., and might be made so even for draught horses. A rubber, or even a rope pad might be arranged in the same way, and such an article, in sets of four, should cost only a trifle and last for years through its infrequent use. Shoes have been put on the market con- taining rubber, rope and piano wire on the ground surface, and other arrangements of calks, etc., have been patented, but none have proved satisfactory. The "filled" shoes would not retain the "filling”-it would “mash” out; this "filling" also re- quired to contain it a flat upper surface to the shoe (next the horn), and upon heavy horses especially this bearing so bruised the sole that lameness usually followed. Another vital defect was that all these shoes had to be "cold-fitted”-i.e., applied as they were, without heating-and neither the average eye, nor the usual patience and intelligence suffices to do this accurately. No shoe can fit just right unless it can be heated, and adjusted exactly to the foot, not (as is far too usual) the foot to it. Find any horses worked regularly with cold-fit- ted shoes, and you shall find a rare assort- ment of battered legs as silent protests against attempting the impossible. Perhaps we will ultimately work back to the simplest appliances of all-tips—and if so, assuredly satisfaction will augment with further acquaintance. All the best things in life—the most memorable, the most enjoyable, the most practical, the most worthy-are the simple things and if this is obvious in our own affairs, not less exactly may it apply in the treatment of our horses and their feet. HOW TO PACK A PACK HORSE BY DAN BEARD TWYT WAY IN a previous number of this magazine, I duffle for wilderness travel. It is now in- cumbent upon me to tell how to secure the dunnage on a pack animal's back. In the first place the pack animal should be blindfolded. If it is never led nor forced to move while blindfolded it soon learns to stand perfectly still as long as the bandage is over its eyes. We will suppose you have the pack saddle, lash-rope, cinch, aparejo, and all the needful accouterments of a pack ani- mal. The aparejo, by the way, is a leather or canvas bag stretched over a light springy framework of willow and stuffed with straw. It must be stiff at the edges and corners where the pull comes. Fig. 3. Shows how packer should stand and support pack with left hand and fore- arm. The heaviest pack can be held securely in this way while the free hand is used for fastening the sling-rope. Upper sketch shows the improper method of holding pack on horse. Fig. 4. Second packer holds loop A of sling-rope in right hand, holding pack with left arm. (See diagram 3.) Fig. 5: Head packer throws on second side pack over the sling-rope on left side of horse. Second packer holds loop A in right hand until the second pack B is in place. Fig. 6. Head packer passes one end of sling-rope through loop A, which is thrown to him by second packer. Fig. 7. Head packer knots loose end of sling-rope. Both packers shake down side packs and are ready for the diamond hitch. HOW TO USE THE SLING- ROPE WHEN THERE IS NO TOP PACK AFTER THE SLING-ROPEIS TIED Fig. 1. Head pack- er throws sling-rope across aparejo with loop on right side. Fig. 2. Head pack- er throws first side pack on top of sling- rope and on the right side of horse where it is held in place by second packer. Fig. 8. The head packer says, "Break your pack. Then each man taking the pack (on his side of the horse) by both ends, pulls down hard with a sawing motion. This takes up all the slack on the sling-rope. As a horse's back is broader near the hind quarters than at the withers the packs should be farther apart at the hind end (as in Fig. 8) to better fit the horse. a 8 11 9 10 - - 380 How to Pack a Pack Horse 381 母 ​TOP PACK FOR SIDE PACK Fig. 13 12 13 14 15 hang in this position, with nothing but a small piece touching the horse. As can be seen the boxes in this case have a tendency to act as a lever and press in. This is HOW TO TIE YOUR SLING-ROPE WHEN YOU very bad for the horse's back. HAVE A TOP PACK Fig. 10. To remedy this “break the pack," by lifting the box with your chest Fig. II. Head packer, standing on left and pulling the top away from the horse side of animal, throws sling-rope across with your two hands. Then the boxes will horse, so that loop A hangs across aparejo, lie flat. and the two loose ends across HOW TO THROW SLING-ROPE FOR horse's neck, on left side. 16 MOUNTAIN PACK SADDLE Fig. 12. Head packer throws SIDE OR TOP PACK first side pack on horse on right side where second packer holds it Fig. 17. Mountain pack saddle in place (see diagram 3). Second -sling rope way over. packer then throws bight of sling- Fig. 18. Packer takes a turn rope over side pack. Head withºloose ends of sling-rope packer throws loop of sling-rope around horns. to second packer who holds it in Figs. 19 and 20. Packer puts right hand. right side pack on inside of loop Head packer throws on left and takes up slack, pulling one end of side pack-over sling-rope. sling-rope. Fig. 14. Head packer passes one loose Fig. 21. Packer puts on left pack, and end of sling-rope over left side pack and ties sling-rope, and you are ready for dia- through loop of sling-rope mond hitch. which is tossed to him by But before throwing the second packer. diamond, cover load neatly Fig. 15. Head packer with the piece of canvas, 17 passes second end of sling- which is made for that rope, over left side pack purpose. This is not and knots it to first loose fastened in any manner end. Packers then shake 19 before throwing the hitch, down packs (see Figs. 8, 9 because the diamond will and 10). hold it and everything Fig. 16. Head packer else securely in place. throws on top pack, which HOW TO THROW NORTH fits in hollow between side ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIAMOND packs, and now you are ready for the diamond First blindfold horse. hitch. Of course the top 21 Head packer stands on pack will settle down on left side of horse, second the horse's back, but the better to show packer stands on right side. Head packer position of ropes the middle pack is not throws cinch under horse to second shown on horse's back in diagram. packer (Fig. 22), and throws loose end of When the pack is composed of rope on the ground to second packer. boxes they often jam the sling-ropes and Second packer takes cinch and loose ends 18 ALL RIGHTS RESEARL SY DAN OLARD 06 PACK you 20 Fig. 9. 2. 23 De 24 Servi 22 382 The Outing Magazine TRE o 25 26 F in his left hand, head packer throws loop While head packer holds down pack he CD (Fig. 23) to second packer, making slips loose end F under C (Fig. 26. Dia- twist X. Second packer hooks loop CĎ gram made with loose loops so as to be (Fig. 23) into cinch hook and passes the better understood). While second packer loose end F under D (Fig. 24). Both pulls bight G under aparejo and pulls from packers cinch; second packer pulls up on the head of the horse, head packer takes rope, head packer takes in slack on E loose end F and pulls in the slack (Fig. 27). (Fig. 24) Head packer makes loose end F fast with Head packer passes loop E under aparejo hitch to rope D (Fig. 28). While head and second packer pulls loose end F toward packer is making fast, second packer winds rear of the horse, taking in slack (Fig. 25). halter rope around horse's neck behind left While second packer pulls the bight G, he ear and in front of right ear (Fig. 29), mak- throws loose end F over horse on the top ing end fast by weaving under halter and of pack to head packer who passes it under over rope (Fig. 28), then pulling the loose C (Fig. 26). When a packer is cinching, end under bight where rope crosses halter. packer on opposite side should hold down Fig: 30 shows useful type of halter for pack- his side of pack to prevent shifting of load. train work. 29 28 27 30 ROD AND GUN LIVE BAIT FOR BASS regularly with a line of No. 6 plaited raw silk, about fifty yards in length. Use the AND PIKE Sproat hooks, numbers 1, 2 and 3, tied on good strong gut snells, or a gimp snell may By LOUIS RHEAD be used should pike or pickerel take the line. In casting with minnows the reel should 'HE all-round angler usually likes to re be underneath the rod, not on top. In that : way the rod can be held more steadily, and Then for change he courts larger game and is better balanced, and more accurate cast- rougher methods. Bass and pike are alike ing is done. in being savage water tyrants, and both are To attempt to describe the art of minnow often found in the same water, the former casting would require a chapter to itself, choosing a rocky bottom, the latter lying and I doubt if the novice would be able to near weeds, grasses and lily pads; although gain any advantage from written instruc- at times they may both be found in op tions. The only way to begin is to cast in posite sections of a lake or pond, so that some quiet spot and throw the line with the the bait used is suitable for both. object of placing it in a given spot on the The best live bait may safely be placed water as lightly as possible. After some in the order named-minnows, helgramite, practice the angler begins to gain command crawfish, frogs, lampreys, grasshoppers and over both rod and line. It requires much at times the big nightwalker worms. The practice to get over kinking the line, or methods used, both in casting and trolling, getting it entangled; but like most things vary somewhat, and in an article as con that require skill and practice it is best to tracted as this must be, only the most begin in a small way by making short casts, salient features can be given, though enough taking longer ones as experience is gained. perhaps to start the young angler on the A perfect cast is one that lets the bait drop high road to success in landing fish. lightly, sliding on the surface as it were, The term “minnow" means any small not with a violent splash that kills the fish used for bait, the young of larger fish, minnow by the force with which it strikes or adult small ones. Young chubs, shiners, the water. After each cast the line suckers, even yellow perch (their dorsal slackens. It should be slowly reeled in fins clipped) will often be attractive. All until the entire line is retrieved. Make are welcome to the ever-ready maw of pike frequent casts and give a rapid swimming or bass. A three-quarter pound bass will motion to the bait. take a good-sized minnow just as readily as When the fish takes the bait with a jerk, a small one, although usually large bass go hook him quickly. If he just plays with for large minnows. . The most important it take your time for most likely he has the thing is to have him always lively and minnow crosswise in his mouth, so that it is kicking, as well as properly hooked. An well to let him run a distance with it till he glers are most negligent in this respect. pulls steadily. Then hook him by a quick The shiner is an excellent bait because he turn with the wrist. If he is well hooked is white and silvery, though not nearly so he will at once break water. Keep a firm tough in the mouth as a chub, who lives hold, and give no slack line. If the break longer and therefore is lively for a longer is on a short line, raise the rod to keep the time. line above him, then lower it again as he To bait a minnow properly, hook him falls. Be very careful to keep him from through the lower lip and out through the running into weeds or snags, stumps or nostrils. For larger minnows, hook through rocks, and play him till he is thoroughly both lips—the lower one first. They will tired. Be calm. Don't bungle or dash live much longer if hooked properly and the net at him but place it well below him will be taken quicker. and with a quick upward stroke land him Next to the fly, minnow casting is the safely in the boat or on shore, and be sure hardest to learn and takes the longest time to kill him right away or he may jump out to attain perfection in. The two methods again. are quite different—the fly rod being long Both bass and pike will take a minnow and pliable, the bait rod short and stiff. at any time in lake or stream. It is the The fy line is much heavier so that it most alluring bait that can be used, when forces the fly forward, while the bait and alive and moving naturally in the water. sinker give the necessary force in casting The late William C. Harris always claimed the minnow. The fly is cast over the head it to be the most killing bait of all, alive or and in front of the angler, while the minnow dead, if hooked properly. If allowed to is cast to one side or the other by under float down a runway in swift water, it is hand casting, with a six-ounce, eight-foot sure to be taken by bass, pike or trout. rod. The bait casting reel should be of the I should place the helgramite next in very best make, because great importance order to the minnow in effectiveness and lies in its running perfectly smooth and popularity. They are found on the riffles 383 384 The Outing Magazine of streams under rocks and flat stones, and if these are turned over the helgramites will roll up and float and be easily captured. They are a curious, flattened and repulsive looking worm, with six legs that hold tight to rocks and bowlders. Their pincers are strong and powerful and hold tight to any object, so that it is well to not give them time to secure a hold. Hook them from behind forward by inserting the point of the hook under the cap that covers the neck, bringing through to the head. They are especially good for casting in shallow water of lakes, or rapid running water of streams. Precisely the same method and tackle should be used in casting as are used with the minnow. The crawfish is another bait that hides and clings fast to rocks or any hole he can get into. He is a constant care and trou- ble. His movements are so rapid that in an instant he is under a stone, and the only way to get him out is to wait till he moves of his own accord or a bass gets an eye on him. I make a point of giving a sudden jerk backwards a few inches every second or two when fishing a rocky bottom with a crawfish. This should, however, be done gently to imitate the natural movement of the bait, for bass are so easily scared that often they retreat a short distance and wait till the angler is almost out of patience. When he does grab it take your time, until you feel sure that the bait is well placed; then strike the barb home. Don't half do it; give a quick, sudden twist, not a yank or pull. To hook a crawfish properly the point should go through the middle of the tail, from the under side. If done neatly he will stay alive longer than any other live bait. Young frogs are more readily taken by pike than by bass, though a bass by no means ignores a small-sized green frog if it can be persuaded to swim slowly along the surface of the water. The great difficulty in frog casting is that it soon gets limp and turns on its back; especially if the angler in casting slaps it hard on the surface. Try to just plop it gently, with about the same force it would naturally use in jumping into the water. Then let it swim around or float awhile on top. If the fish sees the frog it will make a savage dash and then go down, while the force hooks the fish. Frogs should be hooked by the lips-in- serted from the under side. When still- fishing, keep the frog continually on the move, or like the crawfish, it will crawl under stones and fasten itself so securely that no pulling will get it out. I have used frogs with especially good results in swift runways, just letting them float down and into the eddies—very often to some kind of a quarry. Fish always lie where the current takes the bait, and most good anglers pay especial attention to the natural movements of the creatures the fish feed on. Grasshoppers can be used with telling effect in the fall. When they are plentiful thousands of them jump into the water and are gobbled up. The flying species has a large plump body which makes a very attractive bait. If hooked carefully on the upper part of the body it will live and float on the surface for some time. Its struggles to free itself attract the attention of the fish. The young lamprey is a small, wriggling wormlike creature, and is used mostly in rivers where it breeds. They are found by digging up the muddy sand at the river- side. When hooked they are very tough and lively and make every effort to get free and back to their mud bottom. Most anglers native to the Delaware and lower Beaverkill consider the lampreys the best kind of live bait, though personally I have found them a great nuisance and much given to getting stuck fast. Though very lively at first, they soon die, turning from a brown to a bluish-purple color. At such times they are poor bait. The secret of success is to have the bait alive, and acting in the water as naturally as it does when free—also to place it a good distance from the angler; this would apply to all methods in fishing with live bait, be it casting, skittering or trolling. It is a rare thing to see an angler who is a perfect or even a good caster. Distance, however great, while important, is not the only quality required. One can never repeat it too often that a light, delicate plop on the water means a great deal, as the fish will stay and go for the bait, instead of being scared away, which means half an hour's impatient wait- ing till they return and rise. So many readers of this magazine wrote to me personally, asking for information as to the best place to go for trout, that I here give a number of places to go for bass and pike—both being often found in the same water: Some of the best fishing I have enjoyed is in the St. Lawrence, with headquarters at Clayton, N. Y.; also good bass fishing at Belgrade Lakes, Maine. At much less cost and nearer New York there are many good lakes and rivers, foremost being the Delaware round about East Branch, to Hancock, Fish's Eddy, Cook's Falls, from the latter place fishing up stream five miles, and also down stream ten miles where the river (Beaverkill) joins the Delaware. This section is in New York State, 150 miles from the city. The late William C. Harris for many years fished a stretch of three miles of the Schuylkill River from Rogers Ford to Yankee Dam-about thirty miles from Philadelphia. Greenwood Lake in New Jersey yields a good catch of bass and wall-eyed pike. On Long Island is an- other good place, Lake Ronkonkoma, which provides excellent sport for bass and pike with an occa- sional brown trout. Nearly every large pond and lake contains bass or pike, often both, all over the highlands of the Catskills and Adirondacks. Many of the railroads now pub- lish booklets giving a list of places, and the angler has but to choose those he fancies most likely to suit. JV LY Drawing for General Henry Lee by Stanley M. Arthurs “Lee on a tour of inspection through his camp in South Carolina.' THE OUTING MAGAZINE Vol. XLVIII Number 4 JULY, 1906 ’LONG COWALLIS CRICK BY HOLMAN DAY PHOTOGRAPHS BY H. M. ALBAUGH W E have been meeting the Todd length. The taut line “slished" the water trio quite regularly along Cowal to right and to left. The end of the pole lis Crick since the spring term of again sagged to kiss the troubled stream. district school closed. “Play him! Play him, you blunderation They're Jeduthan Sproat Todd's chil little fool!” roared the Judge. The youth dren. A strong name, that, but Jeduthan hooked his chin over his shoulder for an in- has gone stronger. stant, peered at the Judge from the solemn A fashion of statuesque terminology shade of his cabbage-leaf hat brim and set seems to cling to the various generations his clutch anew on his pole. in the Todd family. We discovered this, “Play your grawnmaw," he retorted, the Judge and I, the first time we came with that assurance that the pride of pos- across the Todd trio. We found them session gives to the weakest and tamest of cozily convened at "Straddle-root pool,” Then he set his teeth, braced his feet enjoying the nine legal points of possession. against old “Straddle-root,” and pop! the They reaped the advantages of that de fish came out with a sort of a beer-bottle lectable and reliable nook where we had cork effect. His glistening body went up craftily sprinkled chopped liver for our and over through the zipping leaves, and June “tole." he fell afar off on the sward. That instant As we came over the knoll, and just as the captor was upon him, plunging on the Judge began to growl a sort of coffee- hands and knees. Scooping grass and mill growl in his beard, the rugged and rus dried leaves, he clutched him and brought tic end of the longest pole ducked "splash!” him to us, the burnished body writhing, into the water. The youth “derricked.” his spots glowing. The limber ash buckled along its knotted "I ain't here to play. I'm here to fish,” Copyrighted, 1906, by the OUTING Publishing Company. All rights reserved. us. The three Todds, in light marching order, en route for Straddle-root pool." 1 "We found them cozily convened at 'Straddle-root pool,' enjoying the nine legal points of possession." 388 The Outing Magazine explained the boy a bit humbly, for he been there was none of 'em ever raised thought that the Judge's scowl was rebuke brustles instead of a beard." for his pertness. Such spirit of submissiveness indicated The Judge pinched on his eyeglasses and that the Todd trio were ready to acknowl- took the trout. Both of us at the same edge with rural courtesy the inalienable time saw the frayed end of a leader hanging rights of “sojourners.” When "sojourn- from a corner of the gasping mouth. I ers” discern that trait in a flourishing con- held the jaws apart and the Judge deftly dition they, on their part, ought to go more picked out the fly. It was a Babcock, yel than half way. Witness the city lion and low and black. the bucolic lamb lying down together all “That's the last fly he took from me,” over our broad land o' summer times! said the Judge. “I wonder what he has Why, in our case it has arrived at the done with the others he has snagged off point where we have had a mess of horn- against that root? There's only one like pouts fried in “mother's way” at the Todd him in this crick. I'm sure of that. I've homestead. played him a half dozen times this season.” The Judge still refuses to catch horn- The boy was looping on another worm. pouts. Therefore, the Todds gallantly "Father says," he imparted, surrender to him the swift water, the deep pools where the swirls make under the “ 'Fools go fubbin' their time in fun; dark shadows, and all the known lurking But a wise chap plays when his work is done.' places of the trout. I have little inclina- tion for wet feet and wadings on slippery “Who is your father?" inquired the rocks, and with a temper that becomes ab- Judge with a grimness that suggested he solutely shameless when a leader snarls might be going to look up that impertinent about a tree limb, still prefer to consort phrasemaker. with the Todds on the banks beside the “Jeduthan Sproat Todd. I'm Voltaire still waters and respond to plain, old- Marengo Todd. My biggest sister here is fashioned "twiggings," with prompt and Elzara Oral Todd. This other one is lz effective derrickings by a stiff pole. annah Omenia Todd. Father and mother And thus I have time and opportunity and the other three boys are down the for favorable and amicable consortings with crick, and with meat vittle prices up where the ilk of the Todds. Would that all “so- they be now, fishin'is bus'ness with us." journers” might win over the natural aloof- He paused to take a hornpout off the ness of the native fishermen, as the Judge smallest girl's hook, cautiously setting the and I have done since we broke the ice defensive spines between his fingers. with the Todd trio. It is something to have “If you want that trout for a quarter broken into the exclusiveness of Cowallis you can have him," said the brisk young Crick, and we are grateful. It was only business head of this detachment of the yesterday that Jeduthan Sproat Todd sent Todd family. “Trouts don't eat as well along Lurchin Trundy Todd, Number Four at our house as pouts—the way mother in the family stepladder, to climb trees cooks pouts. We skin 'em, roll 'em in and bring down the Judge's leader. plenty o’ salt and meal, pan-fry 'em with It was on the same day that Velzora Al- good pig pork and you can lift out the wilda Todd, aged five, gave me bashfully, whole back bone to once. They're juicier and yet with pride her special nomencla- than trouts. There ain't northin' suits us ture of the months of the year as follows: better unless it's eels. Now you take an “Jenny Mary, Fubiderry, Mush, Sep- eel tober, Ockjuber, Fourth o’ July, St. Pad- “No, I don't take an eel, not if I know rick's Day and Christmas." it in time,” replied the Judge. He set his All Nature smiled with a little extra rod case against a tree, sat down on the breadth-and what's the fun in fishing crick bank and lighted a cigar. when Nature isn't smiling? "If this is where you fish regular," said Were it not for Jeduthan Todd's pro- the boy a bit wistfully, "me and my little found craft and his magnanimity, “Old sisters will go away. Father says that Sockdolager" would still be finning the whatever the Todds have been and ain't gloomy depths of Big Rock pot-hole and 3. "Father and Mother and the other three boys are down the crick." It's easier work fishin' than doin' chores. Photograph by J, H. Tarbell. ’Long Cowallis Crick 391 “I still chuckling in his gills. You ought to hear fish like you'd go after the cows. Ain't the Judge tell about that. But it takes you fished that pool day in and day out? him too long Did you ever see Granther before? No, you never did. He hears footsteps like he “There are people in the city who are at their tasks to-day, had his own telephone line. He sees folks Who are living all unconscious of the doom that stand on the rock or the bank, like he that points their way. was fitted up with a telescope. It needs Alack, the ear drums battered in, the senses figgerin' to git him. I've been figgerin' a battered out! good many years." The Judge is coming back to tell the story of that trout!" “You've known that fish is there and haven't tried to catch him?” demanded “That one the boy caught with your fly the Judge. hangin' to his chops was a fair fish-a “Oh, I'm patient about fishin',” smiled mighty fair fish,” said Jeduthan. “He's Jeduthan, stringing on a fresh worm. fit to be called Uncle Trout. But the one ain't ever suffered for fish yet. If he'd that's in Big Rock pool is Granther Trout, been the last one in the crick I'd have and you can take my word for it. But he prob’ly thunk harder and got after him. knows more ’n a Philadelphy lawyer. Do I'm willin' you should ketch him and you've you want to see him?" got more time to put into it than I have. “Yes,” said the Judge, not displaying I have been thinkin'. I think I have got great interest. it thunk. You go git some short fence “Then," directed Jeduthan, his eyes rails and cob-pile a raft together-not on his bob, for Jeduthan takes no chances more'n ten foot square.” when he is fishing, “you go scuff in the When the rails were piled together Je- grass and catch the biggest hoppergrass you duthan gave it his nodded approval. can." “Now take my big knife,” he said, “and The Judge brought a gray one, pinching cut a big heap of sweet fern bushes and him by his wings--one of the sort that fly young birch tops and t'other green stuff, with a queer grating noise and that the and heap 'em onto that raft." boys call “quackers.” The Judge toiled in the sun, perspiration “Hitch your smallest split shot to him streaming, and Jeduthan watched him with with a thread,” said Jeduthan, yanking bland compassion. . vigorously to set his hook in a candidate, “I'm glad to tell him," he vouchsafed and failing to me. “I'd like to see it tried and I don't “Now go down around the bend to Big reckon I'd ever have the gimp to do it my- Rock pool. Keep away from the bank so self. Accordin' to my notion there ain't that your shadder won't fall on the water, much fun in the kind of fishin' where you and throw grasshopper, grasshopper gray, can't set down and let 'em come to you. gimme some 'lasses to-day, jest as fur Us that live on Cowallis Crick ain't goin' to’ards the middle of that pool as you can." hungry for fish, be we? City folks come I didn't go along, for it was too comfort here and run up and down the bank like able, lolling in the sun beside Jeduthan. they was on foot races. It makes us reg'lar The Judge came running. fishermen tired to watch 'em-and we don't “Give me my rod-give me my rod,” he come here to be made tired.” gasped, as passionately as though some I got further light on the generally in- one were willfully keeping it from him. tolerant spirit displayed toward “sojourn- "He's-he's the gimme my pole, I say !" ers.” “Did you see him, Jedge?” asked Jedu “Now, Jedge,” he continued when the than, exploring a pout's cavernous mouth raft had been heaped, “you nustle down with his thumb after a swallowed hook. into that browse and let your friend here “See him! That quacker spacked down push you off. Bait with another quack- on the water with his wings spread and he Let about fifteen feet of line trail jest floated a second, and then up rolled the careless like. Don't move. Don't go to biggest-say, gimme my rod!” slashin' and whippin'. As I figger it Gran- 'A minit, a minit, now," advised Jedu ther will cock his eye up at that brush than soothingly. "You can't go at that heap when it floats into the pool and he'll er. 392 The Outing Magazine on. wonder. Then he'll see that it ain't carried "Sockdolager" dangling from two nothin' but brush and he'll fin along into fingers poked into his gills. the shade of it-it bein' middlin' hot to The Three Wise Men were down at Pond day. Then he'll see another of them Lily eddy, “skipping” for pickerel. Two quackers like what he had just now, flo'tin’ of 'em were skipping and the third was along,--and the other tasted good and keeping them supplied with bullfrogs' hind didn't have no prickers in it, and so—well , legs. They're great skip-bait, frogs' legs go 'long and see what will happen.” are! The Cowallis Crick pickerel, pam- I saw it from afar, for the Judge would pered in the matter of taste, poise finning have committed justifiable homicide if by under lily-pads and scowl at strips of sun- jarring footsteps or wavering shadowſ fish and chubs, goggle resentfully at pork had interfered. rinds, but just stick your hook through the I had long to wait, for the raft moved thick part of a frog's hind leg and describe across the pool with the dignified sluggish an arc on the rippling surface! There's ness of a glacier. But at last there was a a dark-green swerve, the flirt of a tail, the swirl, a flash, a gobble—and the fight was heart-hopping strike of the pickerel and still another testimonial to the esculent At the first buzz of the reel the judicial qualities of frogs' legs. dryad emerged from his leafy covert with “It's all in bait on this crick," said one a whoop, the raft scattered and out of the of the Wise Men, casting a critical eye on flotsam the Judge came beating and spout the Judge's catch. “What did the Todd ing his way. boy use to catch him with?” It was as fair a contest as I ever saw. He interrupted the Judge's indignant re- 'Twas an open question whether the Judge monstrance. would get the trout or the trout get the “You bought t'other big one off'n him, Judge. The Judge won. I have small didn't you?” memory for fishing details, but—the Judge Then followed the first rehearsal of a won! After he had floundered two rods to great story. It did not interrupt the a footing he stood with water to his waist “skipping,” but it interested, none the and fought it out. When at last I came to less. him where he was weakly recumbent on "It's the right bait that does it,” said the crick's bank he was mumbling strange one at last. “Did you ever hear Rhymer words in his dripping beard and kissing Tuttle's song about it? He used to fish the glossy sides of "Sockdolager." It was here on the crick. as acute a case of delirium piscator as I ever "I ain't no gre't singer,” he confided at witnessed. The Judge has had a snapshot last in reply to pressing invitations. But taken by a local amateur in which he and I can remember the words of it. I'll sing his rod are Lilliputian, and the fish, held it to the tune the old cow died on.” He well in front of him, is Brobdingnagian. wiped the back of his hand across his And he adds new foot-notes and appendices mouth: every time he relates the story. It is al- "'Fol di rol, ready a two-evening serial. "Twill be a Oh, rol di fol ! busy fall and winter for the Judge's friends! Pick right bait for to make your haul. Jeduthan pinched his bamboo pole be- Old Ez Joe Skenks he used to say That a cent for bait would ketch Ben Gray. tween his knees, slowly gnawed off the Old Nick some day, so I ser-pose, corner of a black plug while he surveyed He'll jiggle a cent front o' old Ben's nose. the trout sideways and remarked: And as soon's Old Ben he gits a smell “He'll go best baked and stuffed and He'll bite and be yerked plum straight to Fol di rol, with egg sass." Oh, rol di fol ! We came across the Three Wise Men of It takes right bait for to make a haul.'' Gilead on our way back to the tavern. The tavern is in Gilead, you know. Now that is crude, but there is a point of There is a short cut to the tavern from moral philosophy in it that-but we'll let Big Rock pool, but the Judge wouldn't it drop. I have heard folks say that it is go that way. He insisted on making a that kind of talk that spoils Ike Walton's triumphal tour of the crick's bank. He book for them. 2 "It suits our taste better along Cowallis Crick." 394 The Outing Magazine The Judge and I have been down to by the hotel people and the angler is ex- Bucket Pond once. Cowallis Crick flows pected to allow his guide to immediately into that pond. It isn't far, but we shall put back into the water each fish that is not go again. There's a summer hotel on caught. It doesn't harm the iron-mouthed the shore. The men “sojourners” wear bass. Some of them whose marks are dis- knee panties and slouch hats with flies tinguishable, such as a brindled back or a hooked around the hat-bands, and they white fin or a nicked tail, have been named, chalk up their day's fish scores on a black and “Frederick” or “Adolphus” or “Ly- board in the hotel office, and then stand curgus" are affectionately greeted when around the board and discuss the matter they come over the boat side. all the evening. We shall not go down to that aquarium And the funny part of it is, they have no again this summer. It suits our taste fish to show. better along Cowallis Crick, now that we The pond has been stocked with black have broken into native society by the bass, bristly, spiny, piratical, voracious aid of the Todd trio. chaps that have driven out everything else There's something honest about really except some hard-jawed, lean old racers of and truly country fishing. There are no pickerel. fish hogs, whose only aim is a record catch. The men in knee panties go out each day The “mess” is the standard in the coun- in boats with a native guide to row them try. And provided the “mess” is coming around. They cast for the bass and often along all right there is time for contempla- get two and sometimes three strikes at a tive discourse along the banks of the crick, cast. More than that, they get excited. and opportunity for the gathering of much It is a peculiar fact that every native guide that is wise and diverting and profitable. at Bucket Pond has from one to a dozen As Jeduthan Sproat Todd was relating nicks in his ears. That's where the swirl the other day—but without the drowsy ling, slashing flies of delirious bass fisher hush of the summer noon, the shimmer men have caught and held. I believe the of heat against the blue hills, the golden current guerdon for hooking an ear is one dance of the light flecks through the leaves, dollar, but some fishers are more generous the couch of sward and pillow of sweet or more conscience-smitten. fern; without the distant tinkle of scythe Angle-worms are a cent each and small to make us rejoice in our own laziness, the frogs five cents each and are as staple as chuckle of water about the mossy stones, currency. all to serve as frame and accompaniment And out of it all the fishermen have no of that story, what is the use of trying to fish to show. The pond has been stocked report Jeduthan Sproat Tedd? Homeward bound." THE WHITE WINGS OF THE GREAT LAKES BY WILBUR BASSETT HE stanch and possible in a community which has emerged able schooness of from the strenuous days of its struggle the Great Lakes, with the swamp and the forest, into the the “Hookers” golden age of boulevards and parks and T of the past gen- country clubs. Out of the caves and dun- eration, are fast geons of great cities the yachtsman emerges retiring before the into the pure air that blows over the Lakes, advance of steel and sails away, care-free and clean of lung, and steam. In into a life beyond the reach of buyers the prosperous and sellers, of telephones and messengers, harbors whose youth they succored and of appointments and engagements, into a defended they lie now disgraced as hulks world of health and freedom. You will and barges, or sink into the Nirvana of find him feasting on canned beans and shifting sands. smoked herring in the fair stretches of the Yet sail is not gone from the Lakes, for North Channel, reckless of the price of from the blackened ruins of that once great wheat and the fluctuations of industrials. fleet have sprung myriad graceful forms You may visit him in lonely harbors in the of pleasure craft. There are stately schoon uncharted areas of Georgian Bay, and you ers with towering spars and decks immacu will find him lost to the world of landsmen late; sturdy, comfortable yawls ready for and of shore conventions, following the call distant cruises; powerful racing sloops, of the Red Gods “to the camps of proved lean and swift; and all the flitting race desire and known delight." abouts and dories that hover at the harbor They are hearty good fellows, these mouths. yachtsmen of the sweet waters, for the In all the great cities of the Lakes, and sailor is the same the world over. Wheth- in scores of summer settlements, groups of er you meet him on the Tea wharf or on men who love the water have banded to Front Street, in Oahu or Singapore or gether to form yacht clubs and to build Mackinac, you find him a whole-souled sail-boats for cruising and for racing. And man, prompt to greet you as a brother in all of this movement is comparatively new, the greatest of families, full of the praises for it is but yesterday that any leisure class of his own ship and his own waters, ultra- began to be in the great outposts of the masculine in his moods, hospitable, remi- Northwest, and even now the yachtsman niscent, and fond of technical detail. He who can leave his terra firma of business will care little for your worldly wealth or and sail away on distant cruises is looked shore attainments, your cut-glass or ma- upon as an idler. Yet every sailor know's hogany, but will search to the last detail that to the mastery of his craft he must for virtues or faults in your rigging and bring years of study and practice and that hull and spars. No magnificence of inlaid loving care which makes sailing a fine art. woods or polished brass will avail you if It is no game for a summer half-holiday, you are lacking in the theory and practice to be taken up at will and as lightly cast of the game in all its manifold details. aside. Salt-water sailors affect to look down So it is that sailing for pleasure is only upon fresh-water sailors, and class them 395 Copyright photograph by Detroit Publishing Co. Running before the wind. Copyright photograph by Detroit Publishing Co. 19 A close finish on the Detroit River. Photograph by R. H. Hall. Lipton Cup racers La Rita, Sprite and Yo San—21-foot class. with the boatman of the rivers and inland lakes. They will tell you that it is no trick to sail along the shore from light to light. He who has roared around the world in a skysail clipper or pressed on canvas across the Western Ocean in some splendid cruis- ing yacht, may well disdain to acknowledge kinship to the schooner man from Grand Haven or the yachtsman from Detroit or Duluth, and yet no man who really knows the Great Lakes in their sterner moods will ever scorn them or underrate the men who can find livelihood or sport in daring their majestic wrath. No North Atlantic gale can be more terrible than the autumn storms which rage across these waters, toss- 4 Copyright photograph by Detroit Publishing Co. The Milwaukee Yacht Club boat-house. - - - 1 1 1 398 Photograph liy R. II. Hul. One-designers of The Saddle and Cycle Club. ing powerful steamers ashore like dories, and the tremendous and unwieldy freight- swallowing piers and docks, and sweeping er always dangerously near Eternal vigi- away leagues of shore. The seas are not lance is the price of safety in these crowded those of the North Atlantic or the Horn, seas, and he who has not the nerve to claw to be sure, mountainous and irresistible, off a lee shore in a gale or slip and run from but they are fast traveling and short with some poor harbor with only his anchor cross seas that are extremely dangerous. watch, is not fit company for these adven- There is the lee shore always imminent, turers of the Great Lakes. The courses Copyright photograph by Detroit Publishing Co. The Detroit Yacht Club, Belle Isle. 399 Photograph by Detroit Publishing Co. The Priscilla. Photograph by Detroit Publishing Co. A part of the fleet at anchor. The White Wings of the Great Lakes 401 laid out for racing are in the open lake owner and master of an able and comfort- where the racers have no escape from sea able cruiser. He will tell you there is and wind, and cannot, like their brothers nothing beyond. of the coasts, trust to the shelter of bays About the first day of May the ways are or estuaries. Once beyond the harbor greased, and the ship railways equipped mouth there is nothing to do but take the for the launching of the fleet. All of the full force of wind and wave. And yet in lighter craft and such of the heavier ones spite of the size of many of the boats and as need rest or repairs are out of the water the frequency of summer storms it seldom during the winter and housed under canvas happens that a race is abandoned. That and boards to await the coming of spring. the love of the sea is strong in the West Then with sides freshly painted, and bilges is testified to by the rolls of the Navy. dry and clean, they slide into the water Admiral Evans is quoted as saying, "The and are ready for spars and rigging. This bulk of our new enlistments come from work is all finished by the middle or end the Central West, wherever that is.” The of May and the season has fairly begun. doughty sea dog is an lowan himself, but The wide porches of hospitable club perhaps he has been so long at sea he has houses are thronged with men eager to see forgotten where the Central West is. the new boats and greet the old, every one The yachting months on the Lakes are anxious to know whether the old Betty has June, July, August, September and early really been replanked, and how able the October. May is likely to be raw and un ex-commodore's new schooner is likely to settled, and late October is usually stormy. be. They are closely tied together by an July and August are the favorite months, absorbing common interest, and by that when the waters are warm and pleasant intimacy born of the close quarters of the weather the rule. But though the sailing game. There are a thousand camps and months are long delayed, the activities of schools among them, founded upon in- the game begin with ever-renewed enthu- spired formulas and types of boats; but siasm at the first sign of spring. Plans beyond a deep pity for each other's ignor- which have been worked out during the ance and a joint hostility toward all regatta winter are unfolded, calking hammers and committees, these smouldering embers sel- paint scrapers resound, dockyards and dom break into flame. These very differ- shops are visited, sailmakers and riggers ences and the enthusiasm with which they are set to work, and the delights of the are maintained are an index of the genu- fitting-out season are at hand. Shadow ineness of the spirit in which the sport your sailor, lawyer or broker or banker develops. Formulas, designs, scantling re- these spring afternoons and you may dis- strictions, racing rules, and types of boats cover him, flat on his back in the mud, are searched by the white heat of criticism, scraping the garboard strake of some big torn apart by committees and technical yawl or racing sloop, his face plastered journals, and pass into history as living with paint and dirt, his back aching and things. his breath short, but his eyes intent upon There is a sense of perspective and of every detail of his cherished ship. No- historic development always present in the body can do this work just right but him- mind of your true yachtsman. Every sail- self, and nobody is quite so anxious as he ing event has its relation to the growth of to know every inch of that under body the game, every ship a true position in the upon whose good condition his life may development of her class. Let some an- depend. Later, if you find him superin- cient schooner appear upon the horizon, tending rigging, and the bending-on of and your yachtsman will tell you that canvas, you may be sure that he is a safe from the cut of her jib and the set of man to sail with. This is the type of her main topsail she must be such-a-one. yachtsman who began as a boy with a She was built many winters ago at Mani- home-made sailing canoe, and through suc towoc, or Toronto, and had a yellow ceeding years has advanced season by sea deck and a raked foremast her first year; son through all the intermediate stages of she never was fast on windward work dory and cat and small sloop until he because she is too bluff; she has a new reached the present exalted position as foretopmast this year, and is reported 402 The Outing Magazine to have had her galley enlarged during years later the Canadian yacht Invader de- the winter. All conversation, reading, feated Cadillac at Chicago, and the cup games and even naps are at once post- again went back to Canada. Rochester, poned until the identification and history ever ambitious, challenged the Canadians of the distant ship are complete. This in 1903, and chose as her representative same deep interest embalms the memory the forty-footer Irondequoit, which wrested oi notable races, of great storms, of beau the trophy from the veteran Jarvis on the tiful days, of courses and soundings, of Strathcona. Last summer the Canadians harbor bars and sunken reefs, and is ready sent the thirty-footer Temeraire, designed to reconstruct at a moment's notice the by Fife of Scotland, to Rochester, with or- intimate history of ships and men and days ders to bring away the cup again. Roch- that have passed away. ester met them with Iroquois, a Herreshoff- The element of change and evolution Lawley creation, and successfully defended which characterizes yacht racing in all the cup in a series of splendid races. Thus waters is strongly marked among these in recent years the upper Lake men have clubs of the Great Lakes, whose life is yet had no part in the international races, young, and whose tastes are fickle. No which have developed into a duel between sooner is a type of boat developed than Toronto and Rochester. Again in 1907 it is literally torn to pieces by the critics, the rivals will meet at Rochester to chal- who build another class upon its ruins. lenge and defend. Sometimes splendid trophies serve to per Another international trophy on fresh petuate a class, but its every detail is sure water is the Seawan haka Cup for twenty- to be unsatisfactory to a host of enthusi- footers, which is raced for under the aus- asts, and the boats that are cherished in pices of the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht one locality are considered worthless by Club of Montreal. This is a smaller Lake the nearest neighbor. Chicago has her series which has developed keen rivalry twenty-one-foot cabin class, the east shore and a high class of talent in the designing of Lake Michigan its twenty-one-foot race and handling of small boats. abouts, Detroit has leanings toward cat Leading up to these major struggles boats, and Toronto is proud of her fleet of which make fame for designers and build- dories. There is no such thing as forcing ers, sailmakers and skippers, there are a a class upon these enthusiasts, who labor host of local contests which develop lo- iously develop the class most suited to cal talent, and keep scattered yachtsmen their own needs, and care little for yacht- closely in touch. The circuit races of the ing associations and racing unions. There Lake Yacht Racing Association and the is a strong tendency, however, to profit by regattas of the Inter-lake Yachting Asso- the experience of the older clubs of the ciation and the Lake Michigan Yachting Atlantic coast, and to adopt so far as pos Association are looked forward to in those sible the results worked out by them. waters with the keenest interest. On the This is made feasible through the general day fixed for one of these meets the local circulation and exchange of plans and work club acting as host is gay with bunting and ing drawings. white duck. A band plays on the broad International racing on the Lakes is rep veranda, and there are luncheon and din- resented by the contests for the Canada's ner parties buzzing with excitement. As Cup, a trophy offered by Toledo in 1896. the visiting fleet sails in, noisy cannon and In that year Canada of the Royal Canadian cheers salute them, and colors dip their Yacht Club of Toronto, beat Vencedor of formal salutes. Flag officers and com- Chicago, and the cup was dedicated as a mittee men dash about in launches and perpetual trophy under the name of the pulling boats, with greetings and instruc- winner. Vencedor and Canada were fifty- tions, and the last careful touches are given foot sloops, but the contests were not con to rigging and canvas. After the little fined to that class by the deed of gift, and fleets have run the courses, there are joyful in 1899 Chicago challenged for a race in the gatherings on the larger boats and in the thirty-five-foot class. Genesee of Roches club house, where the story is retold and ter was chosen to represent the American passes into the annals of the club. At clubs, and brought back the trophy. Two nightfall, when the riding lights are lit, -- The White Wings of the Great Lakes 403 harbor and house are ablaze with light, or competitors, and these races have done and from rail and yardarm paper lanterns much to bring the yachting fraternities of swing gayly. There is a dance on shore, these cities closer together. Ste. Claire, with no end of pretty girls and sunburned La Rita, Spray, Sprite, Yo San, and Men- sailors, and for the hard-shells who dis dota are famous craft of this class. Ste. dain such land enticements there are little Claire, owned by Franklin H. Walker of gatherings in the cabins and under the the Detroit Country Club, is the present awnings, with plenty of good cheer and cock-of-the-walk, having handily won the the same old sailor songs. When on the past two series of races. morrow or later the visitors sail away The interest in small-boat racing, en- there are salvos of cheers and artillery to couraged by these contests for the Lipton speed the parting guests. Never were Cup, led in 1903 to the donation of another prettier girls than those who cheer you as splendid trophy for twenty-one-foot water- you glide away from the anchorage where line boats, given to the Detroit Country you have been an honored guest and won Club by Commodore Walker. Races for a well-sailed race. Often there are many the Walker Cup are sailed on Lake St. days of festivity in connection with these Clair, a beautiful expanse of water sur- races, and the races are sailed in series, rounded by summer homes, the gate- with Venetian nights and water carnivals way between the upper and lower lakes. to fill the interim. On the last night there The home of the Country Club stands on is sure to be a general love-feast, when each the northwest shore of the lake, a few victorious captain receives his prizes and miles above the Detroit River, a comfort- tells what a good crew he commanded. able and well-appointed house, surrounded The hosts are pledged to return the visit, by verdant lawns. It is this ideal spot and there are endless sailor yarns and which has done much to make Detroit the many a good song. chief yachting center of the Great Lakes. In addition to the international races In the last series of races for the Walker and local regattas there are two annual Cup Ste. Claire, victorious at Chicago, was events of general interest to yachtsmen defeated by Spray of Detroit, which thus by reason of the splendid trophies offered. lays claim to be the fastest of western small These are the races for the Lipton Cup, Mr. Wadsworth Warren and Dr. held at Chicago, and for the Walker Cup, C. G. Jennings have, with Commodore at Detroit. These trophies are at present Walker, been prime movers in Detroit offered in the twenty-one-foot class, and yachting. have afforded abundant sport. Each club Among the cruising boats from the City also has its series of races and racing cruises of the Straits the big yawl Sitarah, of Mr. in which the whole local family takes part. Russell Alger, Jr., is notable as the only The races may be for the big fellows or for contestant to weather the norther which dories, but they are always gala anairs anu broke up the cruising race to Mackinac last their every incident passes into club his- July. tory. They are so arranged as to give even In spite of the popularity of the twenty- the slowest and most antiquated cruiser one-footers there are already signs of a and the smallest "bug” a chance, and are movement in favor of smaller boats, with the nursery of the racing game. such restrictions as shall insure stability One of the most beautiful and valuable and weatherly qualities. Detroit is in of American trophies is the cup given by favor of a twenty-foot water-line, and re- Sir Thomas Lipton to the Columbia Yacht strictions for eighteen-foot classes have Club of Chicago, to be raced for by small already found favor among upper and boats. This contest is now confined to the lower Lake men. twenty-one-foot water-line class, which has Toronto and Rochester are strong in through its influence become the best both racers and cruisers, and the local known racing class in the West. The clubs have gained celebrity through their races are sailed off Chicago in midsummer splendid struggle for the Canada's Cup. and arouse the keenest rivalry. Yachts Æmilius Jarvis is perhaps the best-known men from Detroit, Milwaukee and Cleve of Canadian racing skippers, and has more land are sure to be present as spectators than once borne away the coveted inter- racers. 404 The Outing Magazine national trophy. He has now become Cleveland, and Merrythought of Toronto, enamoured of cruising, and is wedded to are typical of the cruisers to be found in the fine yawl Merrythought. Toronto has these waters. evolved an interesting class of small boats Cleveland sailor men are at a disadvan- which developed from a crude sailing ding- tage in that their harbor has a northerly hey to a well-defined racing boat of six- entrance and they have no place to run to teen-feet water-line. Neighboring clubs before a norther. The club houses are a have taken up the class with enthusiasm, short way below the main harbor in well- and it offers an able little single-hander at protected water. Put-in-Bay is their cruis- a minimum cost. The National Club of ing ground in common with the yachtsmen Toronto, which brought forth the wily from Toledo and Detroit. Skirmisher, is an organization of able Cor West of the Straits the chief yachting inthians, who are proud of their ability to centers are Chicago and Milwaukee. Mil- build and sail their own boats. Little Nell, waukee has a beautiful bay on the west Clip and La Souris are champions in this shore of Lake Michigan, and her sailors “flitabout" class, and its leading spirits are are keen racing men. R. P. Brown and such men as George Gooderham, J. St. R. B. Mallory are foremost among the Clair Robertson and Father Whitcombe of Cream City men who have sought Lipton Hamilton. Cup honors. Rochester has made a splendid name by Chicago's sobriquet, "The Windy City," her good sportsmanship and the able way gives evidence that her yachtsmen seldom in which she has conducted the interna need to be towed, and in fact with the ex- tional races. Lorenzo G. Mabbett, skipperception of the sunrise and sunset hours of of Iroquois, the last defender, is her pres midsummer there is always a breeze along ent idol, and among her well-known yachts- her splendid and imposing water front. men are Charles Van Voorhis and T. B. Although yachting is yet young in Chicago Pritchard. there are three local clubs, The Chicago The waters about the Thousand Islands Yacht Club, The Columbia Yacht Club and are the chosen haunts of lower Lake cruis- Jackson Park Yacht Club, which are strong ers. Such yachts as Merle of Buffalo, a and flourishing organizations. The Chi- comfortable cruising sloop; Priscilla, the cago Club, the senior, has a racing history, beautiful two-masted auxiliary schooner but her present interest centers in cruising, of Commodore George H. Worthington of and her fleet of cruisers is the pride of these waters. The schooners Alice, Haw- thorne and Mistral, the yawls Arcadia, Naiad, Rosamond and Tannis, and the sloops Vanenna and Siren, are known to every harbor from Michigan City to Pathfinder Bay. The Columbia Yacht Club, on the other hand, is deeply interested in racing, and justly proud of the honor of conducting the Lipton Cup races. The club conducts many regattas and is well repre- sented in all western racing meets. The Jackson Park Yacht Club is the youngest organization, and has its anchorage in one of the picturesque lagoons made for the world's fair of 1893, in the shadow of the convent of La Rabida. Being seven miles from the soot- laden air of the city, the sails and Hawthorne, Chicago Yacht Club. rigging of these suburban sailers The White Wings of the Great Lakes 405 race. the village blacksmith and returned to the Last year, on the contrary, a north- erly of high velocity piled up seas which drove all the smaller craft to shelter, and showed that only powerful and seaworthy craft of cruising size are suited to this long and uncertain course. It is believed that this race will do much to encourage the building of able cruisers by giving them a fair chance for racing honors. The spirit of competition which has de- veloped the more exciting side of the sport burns itself out of the yachtsman of ad- vancing years, and there comes a day when the most successful racing skipper joins with the tired business man who has had his fill of the strenuous side of life, and gives up racing for the milder joys •of cruising. There comes a day when these two no longer enjoy full cockpits and a press of canvas, stripped cabins and rac- ing gear, and turn gladly to some sturdy cruiser, well-sparred and rigged, with com- fortable cabin and safe freeboard. She may be schooner or yawl, large or small, but she must be roomy and able, with power enough to hold her own in a gale, and sail spread sufficient to drive her in light airs. The most beautiful of lake cruisers is Ste. Claire, which won Lipton Cup 1904 and 1905. have less of the coal dirt by which one marks Chicago yachts from afar. Warner, McClurg, Baum, Soule, Fox, Cameron, Atkins, McConnell, Price and Thompson are names prominent among the records of Chicago yachting. These men are on the lee shore of a long, narrow lake many miles from refuge and far from cruising grounds, yet they have with char- acteristic Chicago energy made the names of their clubs watchwords in American yachting No distance race in American waters is of more interest than the annual cruising race of the Chicago Yacht Club from Chi- cago to Mackinac Island, a three hundred and twenty mile course. The race was es- tablished as an annual event for late July to preface the cruising season in north- ern waters, and with the exception of the transoceanic races, has no equal in point of distance. On the day of the first race, two years ago, the entire fleet set spin- nakers and balloons before a hard and shift- ing southerly blow, which carried them all the way to the finish line at a ten-knot pace, with a tremendous following sea. It was during this blow that Captain Charles Fox took the schooner-yacht Hawthorne into Frankfort without her rudder, re- paired the steering gear with the aid of Steel yawl Arcadw. 406 The Outing Magazine the schooner, which always looks trim and world is still open. For the yachtsman well balanced, at anchor or under sail. and the sailing fisherman alone, the old Her long bowsprit stretches eagerly for- gods of sea and wind that menaced Jason ward with its snowy drifts of headsail, or and Ulysses, Drake and Da Gama, still mirrors itself in the waters of some quiet brew their potent spells. The sailor is the roadstead. Her slender, tapering top craftsman of an ancient art, and the tech- masts sustain the swaying topsail triangles nique of that craft has passed from the that surmount her lower canvas. If she merchant sailor to the yachtsman. The be deep enough her decks are flush, and thorough sailor must always be an artist broken only by cockpit and hatches. Her in the sense that his craft demands of him forecastle gives accommodation for a crew the development of higher faculties be- of three or four, and her galley rejoices in yond the limits of mere technical skill. a coal range, one luxury which always at The yachtsman reaches the higher ex- tracts the small-boatman, weary of oil pression of his activities in cruising rather stoves. Her cabins have bunks and state than in racing. There he is alone with rooms for from four to twenty men, and his ship. Day and night, apart from all there are sail-lockers, paint-lockers, skin strife and competition, he may steep him- lockers and "grub”-lockers in plenty. It self in the delights of mere sailing for sail- is always cool under her awnings, and one ing's sake. On the lower lakes the fa- may promenade her decks or lounge on vorite cruising ground is Put-in-Bay at steamer-chair or rug like a passenger on a the eastern extremity of Lake Erie. Here liner. She is a ship in every sense, and he during July and August scores of yachts is indeed a monarch who commands such from the shores of all the lakes gather to a craft. cruise and race. Cleveland, Detroit and More numerous, because less costly to Toledo are near and this is their common construct and maintain, are the cruising ground. From here north there is a yawls which have increased many-fold in stretch of river sailing, through le Detroit, the past two years. These boats with Lake St. Clair, and the St. Clair River their big mainsail and diminutive mizzen to Port Huron. This passage is the great- are not so handsome as the schooners, but est ship thoroughfare in the world in point they are easily handled by a small crew, of tonnage, and is therefore highly dan- and are simpler in rig. While schooners gerous for yachts. The writer well re- are seldom built smaller than forty or fifty members the terror of being becalmed in feet on the water-line, the yawl fleets in a yawl in the channel of Lake St. Clair, clude able cruisers as small as twenty-five when through a long night fog horns, flares feet. These wanderers are stoutly built and night-signals barely sufficed to warn and every inch of cabin space is utilized the tremendous steel hulls from our un- for comfort. The larger yawls are as com happy little ship. Each side of the chan- modious and comfortable as the schooners, nel lies a paradise of summer homes and and even the smallest are marvels of con country clubs, and the visitors' megaphone venience and adaptation. Many of them is kept busy in answering hails and in- are equipped with auxiliary power in the quiries. form of a compact motor tucked away Northward from Port Huron one glad- under a hatch or table out of the way. ly quits the narrows for the broad wa- The love of wandering and adventure ters, where he may stow his lead line inherited from our nomadic and sea-roving and breathe more easily. Northwestward ancestors burns fiercely with every re stretches the verdant shore line of Michi- curring spring. It is not permissible in gan, broken by the deep inset of Sagi- these gray and solemn days to sack and ran naw Bay. There he may shorten sail and som the village across the lake or storm stand by, for this is a miniature Bay of some distant outpost for its loot, and so Biscay, across whose jaws sweep boister- for the landsman the day of romantic ad ous northers, and out of whose depths venture is dead, and he must be content come hard southwesters. This is a coast with an automobile and a flower-bed. - For of lumber-camps, and there are occasional the sailor, however, the book of the ro "lumber hookers" still to be seen, with mance and tragedy of the youth of the their characteristic rig. They are usually The White Wings of the Great Lakes 407 three-masted, with the curious triangular Lake Superior, too, has her own wild foretopsail known as a “raffee.” Many of charms for the cruiser, although her clear them carry deckloads piled so high as to waters are too cool for the cherished morn- seriously impede the proper handling ing dip. There are leagues of un visited foresail and mainsail, and for this reason shore and expanses of solitary waters dot- they occasionally have the mainmast cut ted with wild islands for the adventur- away. This is the “Grand Haven rig,” ous explorer. Standing at the head of the and when the mizzen-staysails are set it St. Mary's River, where vessels totaling presents the curious appearance of two three hundred thousand tons have entered big sloops overlapped. Many of the old and left this greatest of the lakes in a single schooners are well-rigged and decidedly day, it is hard to believe that as late as fast, and it is no uncommon thing in a 1840 there were but two small vessels on breeze for them to hold a steamer for many these waters. watches. Their masters, like the captains But if Lake Michigan is attractive, and of many Lake liners and Atlantic coasters, Lake Superior wild, it must be said that may know nothing of the mathematics of both are excelled as cruising ground by navigation, but they are able seamen and that part of Lake Huron known as the pilots, and will not hesitate to crack on North Channel and Georgian Bay. Here canvas with only a mate and a boy for crew. are splendid stretches of cold transparent Mackinac Island is the cruising rendez water dotted with myriad islands whose vous for all the upper lakes, a place teem number defies the memory and even the ing with historic interest, and the outpost cartographer. Here are solitudes beyond of the northwest. It is a round island, the track of steamers, coves where there scarcely a league across, dotted with cot is incomparable fishing, and Indian vil- tages and summer hotels. Here came Le lages where one may buy pretty things Griffon, the first sail on the Lakes, the en and hear strange stories of the great port- voy of Monsieur de La Salle. Here gath ages to the north. It is impossible to sail ered the hardy voyageurs of the early trad or steam at night through these sunlit ing companies. What a sight it must have labyrinths where countless reefs can be been when the three score canoes of the seen by day below the placid surface, and Hudson Bay Company, with their dozen it is not always safe or possible by day for men each, and their two hundred tons of a sail-boat to stem the currents and avoid goods, arrived at Mackinac in the spring! the rocks. For this reason auxiliary power Lake Michigan offers attractive cruising is very useful in these waters, and some of ground with its Green Bay on the west the large schooners are towed among the shore and Grand Traverse Bay on the east. islands by their tenders. The cruiser may hunt for Singapore, the As September approaches the cruisers lost city, whose spires sometimes appear turn sorrowfully from their chosen haunts above the shifting dunes at the mouth of toward the lights of home. In a few days the Kalamazoo River, or visit the deserted the crew will step ashore and return to the harbor of Grand Haven, the once mighty life of landsmen. The merry evenings in lumber-camp and harbor of refuge. The the cabin will be over, and the loose white solitary Manitou and Beaver Islands, and clothes discarded. There will be no more the quaint little settlements of the upper sun baths in the long afternoons and canoe west shore have a charm of their own. trips by moonlight. It is always a healthy, He who has been becalmed in August in brown-skinned and hard-fisted crew that the clear waters of the Manitou passage, swing their dunnage onto the home pier; with the loom of Point Betsy and the but somehow as they stand at the club- Beavers suspended in the air and seem house door with the soft calling of the ing like reflections of the flat-based and waves behind them, and face the smoke soft-topped clouds that hang above, can and roar of the great settlement, these never forget the delicate coloring and calm men seem saddened by their home coming, beauty of the spot. The straits themselves which returns them to the little world of seem wild and threatening, sowed with conventions, and ends the free days and black buoys, and guarded by the light- starry nights of a never-to-be-forgotten house on its solitary rock in mid-channel. cruise. DIETING vs. EXERCISE TO REDUCE FLESH BY G. ELLIOT FLINT W HY some persons are fat, while is the reason why men are less symmetrical others are thin, seems to be not than other animals. Horses, dogs, tigers, generally known. Many assume subject all their muscles at all times to that the stout eat a great deal; but they nearly equal strains; hence fat accumu- do not-in fact, they are often small eaters. lates in no part more than in another, and That they do not even assimilate well is there is, in their case, bodily symmetry. indicated by their frequently having dys If men could devise exercises which would pepsia, and by their being not so energetic, put proportionately intense strains on all nor so strong, nor so long-lived, as are thin their muscles, they, too, would become persons. But if the constitutionally fat symmetrical. are, as a class, neither large eaters nor good I have said that deficient oxidation was assimilators, yet they have attributes in one principal cause of overfatness. Prob- common. М. of them are of sluggish ably the reader has noticed that fat persons temperament; that is, their respiratory, are usually short-winded and weak-voiced. circulatory, secretory and excretory func So, to increase the lung capacity is the first tions are inactive; more, their general oxi- step in the reduction of flesh. For this dation is deficient. In view of these facts purpose running is, I think, superior to any it would seem that the most rational cure other exercise. Boxing and hand-ball are for overfatness lies in the stimulation of also excellent for the "wind." And these the eliminative organs, and in increasing exercises will do more than increase the the oxidation of tissue. respiratory functions; they will greatly When a muscle contracts blood flows to stimulate the circulation as well as all the it in an amount proportional to the inten secretory and excretory processes. What sity of its contraction. Thus much less leg exercises will not do, however, is oxid- blood will flow to muscles lightly worked ize, to any great extent, the soft tissues of than to those heavily worked. Now, as the trunk and arms. True, by stimulating blood contains oxygen taken from the lungs the general circulation and by increasing and nourishment absorbed from the diges- lung capacity, leg exercises will oxidize tive organs, it follows that the harder upper tissues somewhat; but when fat is worked muscles will lose more fat by the not replaced by muscle it has a strong ten- greater amount of oxygen, whose function dency to re-form. A bad effect of leg exer- it is to destroy fat, and will be better nour cises exclusively is that they draw a major ished, than the lighter-worked muscles. part of the blood, rich in oxygen, to the This principle we see exemplified in the fact lower limbs; whereas if vigorous arm and that men’s legs, which habitually do heavy trunk exercises were executed, beside the work, are more solid and muscular than the leg exercises, much blood would be at- arms and trunk which, ordinarily, perform tracted also to the upper parts which would only light work. One's legs carry one's then be oxidized to the best advantage, body along slowly, as in walking; rapidly, their lost fat would be, at the same time, as in running; and up and down stairs; but replaced by solid tissue, and there would whatever kind of work the legs do, it is al- be no tendency for it to re-form. Running, ways heavy work, for the body, which the therefore, splendid exercise though it is, legs must support, is heavy. And herein should be supplemented by vigorous "up- - 408 Dieting vs. Exercise to Reduce Flesh 409 per" exercises. By vigorous upper exer will again absorb the amount of water cises I do not mean calisthenics nor any that it lost. kind of so-called light exercises; I mean It is notorious that small, wiry persons reasonably hard work. are, as rule, longer lived than are stout That general exercise is the only natural and apparently healthier folk. What fol- and the best way to reduce obesity is cer lows may explain why. The thin are, tain. During exertion the volume of air usually, large eaters; that is, they ingest taken into the lungs is vastly increased, and daily a large quantity of food. But little the circulation of the blood is much quick of this can remain as waste product, for ened, as, laden with a large supply of oxy the subjects do not become fat. What gen and nutriment, it flows to the mus then becomes of it? Assuredly it must be cles, nourishing them, while it at the same burned up to supply energy—thin persons time burns up and carries away particles are usually energetic-and its waste prod- of their fat. ucts must afterward be completely elim- In a subject who begins to exercise inated. On the other hand, the systems systematically, excessive oxidation occurs of fat persons are choked with waste within the tissues, until the relation of their products, which degenerate the more the constituent parts becomes normal; that is, longer they remain, until they at last pro- when the proportion of fat to flesh is cor duce divers diseases that carry the subjects rect; for healthy muscles should be sur off prematurely. So I repeat that, for the rounded with, and should contain, a certain obese, exercise is much more beneficial quantity of fat. Only when such a propor than dieting, if only for the reason that the tion is reached do muscles attain their former strengthens, while the latter weak- proper symmetry. ens, the organs of elimination. I speak thus positively, although I am There are, however, cases in which adi- well aware that, at present, the preferred posis is produced by overeating. These, method for reducing flesh is "dieting" or without dieting in the sense of not satisfy- semi-starvation. But that kind of dieting ing the tissue demand for nutriment, should is neither a radical nor a natural cure for yet reduce their amount, and change some- adiposis. A low diet deprives the system what their kind of food. Potatoes, peas, of its proper nourishment — impairs the baked beans, cereals, fats, sweets-such as digestion, by accustoming the stomach to puddings, pies and cake--ale, beer, sweet digest merely certain kinds of food, and wines and even water when taken with meals, these only in small quantity-weakens all all conduce to obesity. But, in lieu of the the organs, which should be continually foregoing flesh producers, one may satisfy supplied with rich blood -- and, what is hunger with a moderate amount of lean most important of all, not only fails to meats, poultry, fish; with fruits (excepting assist the eliminating organs to get rid of figs, dates and bananas), and with vege- waste products, whose presence in any con tables, such as spinach, string beans, egg- siderable quantity in the system is alone plant, celery, beets, etc. I would recom- sufficient to cause ill health, but actually mend also that those overfat from a too renders the actions of such organs still rich and too generous diet abstain from more sluggish. Again, the reduction of much liquid at meals, but that they drink flesh by minimizing the supply of food has copiously of water between meals to flush the disadvantage of being but temporary, their systems. Water, be it remembered, and can be maintained for even a short is an excellent purgative. time only by a rigorous abstinence which Still another important factor in taking is disagreeable, unnatural and hurtful. off weight needs to be mentioned. Fresh The reduction of weight accomplished by air, because it contains considerably more the forced "sweatings" of Turkish baths oxygen than does ordinary indoor air, has is as unpermanent as that brought about a greater potentiality for destroying fat. by the low-diet régime. Turkish baths Hence while exercising one should be will, in a few hours, deplete the blood particular to have air as fresh as possible of several pounds of water; but profuse to breathe. perspiration engenders an acute thirst As most of a stout person's fat accumu- which must be satisfied, when the blood lates about the abdomen, abdominal exer- 410 The Outing Magazine cises, to draw large quantities of oxygen before breakfast; for in the early morning ated blood to that part, are important. vitality is lowest and the blood has least Here are two: nutritive power. The writer, when en- First, lie flat on your back on the floor gaged days and evenings in literary labor, or in bed, and, after placing the toes be exercised regularly at midnight for many neath some sufficiently firm object, rise months, and derived marked benefit from slowly to a sitting posture; then sink slow it. No bad effect from the unusual amount ly back. Repeat until tired. of work was felt, and his weight remained Second, lie as before, but with the feet the same. free; now raise the legs, extended straight, First curling, and then putting up two slowly up, back and over the head; bring moderately heavy weights, simultaneously, them down again slowly. Repeat until is a general exercise that imposes a con- tired. siderable strain upon, and therefore de- Another home exercise, as excellent for velops greatly, all the important muscles the triceps, chest and wrists as for the ab and organs in the body. domen, is to support the body, maintained The stout subject, however, should use rigidly straight, face downward, above the only those dumb-bells that are light enough floor, by means of the hands and toes; to allow him to repeat the double move- now, allowing the lower point to do duty ment of curling and pushing eight or ten as a fixed fulcrum, bend the arms, until the times. Curl and push as follows: Grasping chin touches the floor; then push up to a dumb-bell in each hand, stand with the straight arm again. Repeat until tired. body inclined slightly forward, and with Digging a trench, shoveling coal, wood the legs straight and a little apart; now chopping, moving furniture, carrying loads turn the palms upward and curl the weights -being general exercises-are all excellent to the shoulders by at once flexing the for the health as well as for the general wrists and arms and straightening the back; strength; but that kind of work is incon then throw the head back and the chest venient for many, and may be practiced out, bend backward and push the weights habitually only by those who earn their to straight arm above the shoulders. living thereby Now, because of the wide distribution The advantages dumb-bells possess over and the intensity of the strain, the amount apparatus are many. Easily portable and of carbonic acid (the chief product in the occupying but little space they can be decomposition of active tissues) formed kept in one's own room, where they may during the above performance is enormous; be used conveniently at one's leisure; and hence the destruction of fat and the sub- the busiest man has some leisure, if only sequent general oxygenation of the entire at the time he retires. Again, the stout system must be equally enormous. More- and inactive who would find exercises with over, it cannot be supposed that the heart apparatus difficult, can easily learn how and lungs, the prime ministers to the tissues, to handle dumb-bells. Lastly, and this is do not participate in a strain to which so perhaps their chief advantage, dumb-bells great a number of muscles are subjected; may be of sizes to suit particular strengths. therefore, those organs, so long as the That it is healthful to exercise just before strain remains physiological, must also be retiring has been disputed. Personally, largely developed and strengthened. while I admit that night may not be the Of course, if the strain be too great it be- best time to exercise, I believe it is a good comes overstrain, which is hurtful and al- time. After a day and perhaps an evening ways dangerous. So, as much care should of intellectual endeavor, exercise favors be taken that the weights be not too heavy, sleep by drawing blood from the brain and as that they be not too light. pleasantly fatiguing the body. Moreover, Provided, then, that the weights be not the blood being especially rich in nutriment beyond, nor too much below, the strength at night, and prolonged repose following of the subject, the foregoing simple move- muscular exertion near bed time, muscles ment would seem to be almost unparalleled and organs seem to "make" particularly as at once a reducer for the too fat, a well then. At all events, I think that ex developer for the too thin, and a promoter ercise does more real good at night than of general strength and symmetry. Dieting vs. Exercise to Reduce Flesh 411 The movement of "see-sawing” dumb subject should take some sort of quick ex- bells; or, putting one and the other up ercise to promote perspiration-such as alternately, should be practiced as well as fast walking, running, hand-ball, boxing, the simultaneous movement. or fencing. Many outdoor athletic sports The exact size of the weights one should are useful for this purpose. Home exer- employ in the above dumb-bell exercises cises are: Swinging light dumb-bells in the is of such great importance as to call for curling and pushing and see-sawing move- explicit directions on this point. I have ments already described, the bells weigh- recommended the use of moderate weights; ing from three to ten pounds according as by which I mean dumb-bells weighing from the subject is moderately or very strong; fifteen to fifty pounds. Just what weights swinging Indian clubs, running upstairs would be “moderate” to any particular in several steps at a time, and punching a dividual can be determined only by him canvas bag hung in an open doorway. self. Let us say that a man of average If one can work in a gymnasium he will strength who has never regularly exercised find the "medicine ball” especially useful can curl and put up two 15-pound dumb to reduce weight. This is made of canvas, bells, one in each hand, ten times in suc and may weigh from four to sixteen pounds. cession; then to him those weights are One individual tosses it to another from moderate. But if a second man who has various positions: With two hands, from undergone considerable training can curl above the head, or from between the legs; and put up two 40-pound dumb-bells, ten with the right arm alone, and with the left times in succession, then 40-pound dumb arm alone; or the player may turn half bells are moderate to that individual. way around and throw the ball backward Thus, by trying his strength with different above his head. The medicine ball's virtue weights, any one can easily discover the consists in its being a means to general ex- particular weights with which he can repeat ercise, affecting in a nearly equal degree all ten times; and those weights, whatever the muscles and organs. they may be, will be the proper ones for My reason for combining lighter exer- him to use. When one can repeat more cises with heavy work, in order most effec- than ten times with his proper dumb-bells, tually to take off flesh, is this: Heavy work, he may safely use those that weigh about necessitating as it does intense combus- five pounds more each. The writer has tion in and around muscles, results in the seen a professional wrestler who weighed formation of much waste products; while two hundred and eighty pounds, put up more active and longer-continued exercises two 85-pound dumb-bells twelve success stimulate secreting and excreting organs ive times. To this giant those enormous to quickly eliminate these. weights must, therefore, have seemed only I met in a gymnasium one day a man who moderate. When one uses only those looked to be about fifty years of age. He weights with which he can repeat the same was five feet ten inches in height, well built movement ten times, there is little danger and, I should judge, weighed about one hun- of strain. dred and eighty pounds. He said that as Chest weights are valuable to reduce a boy he had been thin; but stoutness came flesh. The many movements possible with with age (he went up to two hundred those machines may be learned from the and forty-five pounds), and also ill health. pamphlets accompanying them. But I Then he began to practice with dumb- would warn my readers, if they wish to bells, and, by gradual training, learned to derive benefit from this kind of exercise, put up fairly heavy weights, either with not to pull weights which are very light; one hand, or with two hands. He prac- for doubtless there will be many, physical ticed also the two abdominal exercises de- culturists included, who will declare that the scribed in this article, wrestled, boxed and arms should not strenuously exert them played hand-ball. He declared that, with- selves; which same men will, in the next in two years, these exercises combined had breath, recommend running, it not occurring not only restored his health, but inciden- to them to explain their inconsistency. tally they had reduced his waist - girth After the hard and rather slow work with twelve inches, and had given him a sym- the dumb-bells and chest-weights the obese metrical figure. WHAT AN AVERAGE DAY'S HORSE RACING COSTS BY RENÉ BACHE "T THEY'RE off!” time he chalks down, rubs out and chalks A hundred bookmakers have again the odds he is offering against the hastily fetched their tall stools various equine participants in the race from the betting ring, and, placing them on about to be run. the greensward in front of the grand stand, The size of some of the bets is staggering have mounted upon them, surveying the to an onlooker unfamiliar with such scenes. track from this position of vantage. A Five thousand dollars, ten thousand, couple of minutes later, as the horses, each twenty-five thousand are placed in single of them bestridden by a rider in gay colors, wagers. It is marvelous how the book- sweep by, a roar like that of the sea goes up makers, in the midst of the excitement and from the vast crowd. the crush, keep track of everything with A moment afterward, as the roar dies such unfailing accuracy. At the elbow of down, it is followed by a tumult of voices, each of them is a man who records all the some of them naming the winner, others bets as fast as they are made, while a sec- uttering yells of delight. But those who ond assistant accepts, with rapid count- have lost money on the race—and they are ing, the bundles of green and yellow bills an enormous majority—are silent. It is handed in. above all a spectacle of the emotions—the Beneath the field stand, which is in a scene at the finish-and to the psychologist separate inclosure, a similar scene is being it affords an interesting study. enacted simultaneously. But it is a much In the brief interval recorded to the cheaper crowd, composed largely of clerks split second by the official timekeeper's and other relatively humble folks from the watch a prize of sixty-five thousand dol near-by city, who prefer a seat at one dollar lars has been won; at least three-quarters to the comparative luxury of a place on of a million has changed hands, and the the main grand stand at three dollars. greatest of all American turf events—the Rarely do their bets exceed five dollars, and Futurity-has passed, for the year 1905, as a rule their wagers are only one dollar into history. or two dollars. For these are the “pikers” No more stupendous gambling was ever -the small-fry patrons of the racing game, seen in the world than is done on such an whose money is nearly always lost, because, occasion as this. Beneath the main grand unlike the great plungers, they venture it stand more than a hundred bookmakers not upon any basis of accurate information cater to the eager demand of the people or knowledge, but merely on a guess. They for an opportunity to risk their money, have no chance worth mentioning to win; each of them surrounded by a struggling, and yet, because they have the gambling pushing, elbowing crowd. In his right fever, they must risk and lose their hard- hand each bookmaker holds up a small earned dollars, no minnow being too con- rectangular board, the left side of which is temptible in size to be caught by this net occupied by a slate ruled in vertical col of finer mesh which the professional game- umns, with the figures one, two, three at sters spread. the top; while on the other side is fastened Not from all points of view are the pikers with clamps a strip of programme giving contemptible, inasmuch as, in the aggre- the names of the horses. From time to gate, they contribute very largely to the 412 What an Average Day's Horse Racing Costs 413 4,000 10,000 10,000 1,500 500 One hundred Pinkertons. IOO IOO 100 5,000 5,000 5,000 200,000 support of the racing institution. There million of dollars is spent on racing in is a considerable sprinkling of them in the this country every week-day during the main grand stand, and one does not find season, the estimate in all probability will the real gambling aristocracy until, if the not be excessive. The figures that follow precious opportunity be granted, he enters apply to an average day, of course: into the exclusive precincts of the track Three thousand grand-stand tickets at $3.. $ 9,000 club, whose members are enabled to enjoy Four thousand field-stand tickets at $1. Expenses of 200 bookmakers, at $50 each. their share of the sport under circumstances Profits of 200 bookmakers at $50 each. Fifteen thousand programmes at ten cents. of superior comfort and luxury. The club has its own private grand Pay of starter and assistants Pay of two judges. stand — a broad piazza at an adequate Pay of other officials.. elevation, on which the members, with Upkeep of the track and park. Interest on investment in track and park.. their families and guests, including many Expenses of stable owners. Maintenance of 1,000 pool rooms. beautifully costumed women, repose them- Total... .$250,300 selves in easy chairs, amusing themselves during the intervals between races with This is merely an attempt to estimate conversation, the consumption of mint in a rough way the amount of money spent juleps or other beverages fetched from the for an average day's racing. Of course, the bar below, and the incidental placing of cash paid for grand-stand tickets goes to wagers, which are sent into the ring liquidate the cost of keeping up the track, through their own messengers. There is a employing the Pinkertons, and running the first-rate restaurant on the premises, and races-so that, in one sense, this expendi- they can order what they like to eat. For ture might be said to be counted twice. them there is no scramble, no crowding, no But, making allowance for this point, discomfort of any kind. which on mathematical grounds is open to If you would really enjoy racing, this is criticism, it is obvious that the total outlay the way to do it. The little casino at the by the public for the amusement cannot track is organized like any other country be much under two hundred and fifty thou- club, and, as a member, you have the ad sand dollars per diem during the season, vantage of feeling that you possess a pro the main disbursement being in the shape prietary interest in the gambling institu of betting losses. tion. It may be that you are a millionaire To account for this great item of loss, it --the persons most actively engaged in should be realized that hundreds of book- furthering the interests of the track are in makers, with a horde of underlings, look that class—and, if so, it is quite possible to the racing game for their means of sup- that horses of your own are taking part in port, while from the same source the pool the contests of the day. Naturally, under rooms of fifty cities are kept in profitable such conditions, the fun is greatly aug operation without reckoning the main- mented. tenance of a multitude of hangers-on of the Man, it is said, must eat and will drink. tracks, who derive their subsistence in one It is also true that he will gamble. way or another from the gambling industry. there is surely no more attractive method On occasions such as the Futurity or the of gambling than on horse races. It has Suburban, when special events draw ex- an equal seduction for all classes of people, ceptionally large crowds to the tracks, the from the humble folk who come to the expenditure is doubtless much larger. track by trolley to the aristocracy whose For example, on the day of the Futurity presence on a day like that of a Futurity is -a race for which, curiously enough, the made manifest by five hundred glittering horses are entered before they are born- automobiles drawn up in a phalanx on the the owners of the park at Sheepshead Bay lawn in the rear of the grand stand. The count upon selling about thirty thousand racing park is itself an exquisite picture, tickets to the grand stand at three dollars, beautified by the best that the gardener's and fourteen thousand to the field stand at art can do. All of this beauty and luxury one dollar each, making a total of one hun- costs a great deal of money, of course, but dred and four thousand dollars spent by the public is willing and glad to pay. the race-going public for this item alone. If it be reckoned that a quarter of a With such a source of income, it is obvious, If so, 414 Magazine The Outing sum. that the profits of the racing associations portant business being to examine the would be well-nigh fabulous, were it not horses, to see if they are in condition to for the fact that none of the tracks is in start, and to make sure that they have not operation more than thirty days out of the been dosed with whiskey or any other drug. year. Even thus, however, they do a satis This practice, by the way, called "doping, factory business, their gains from the sale used to be permitted, so long as the object of tickets being supplemented by the pro sought was merely to accelerate the speed ceeds of beer and eating privileges and the of the animal, but is now prohibited. sale of programmes. Sometimes as many The most important single item of ex- as twenty-seven thousand programmes are penditure by far, however, is for purses; sold on a single afternoon, netting a tidy the track association sometimes contribut- ing as much as thirty-five thousand dollars Expenses, on the other hand, are very to render the stakes attractive for special large. A park such as that at Sheepshead occasions, while on an ordinary day it may Bay represents an original outlay of about put up seven or eight thousand dollars. three million dollars, including grand stands In this way the owners of the park at and other buildings. To maintain it costs a Sheepshead Bay give away something like good deal of money--perhaps seven hundred one hundred and fifty thousand dollars dur- dollars a day for labor alone, with five to six ing the two brief meetings of a season. To hundred dollars added on each racing day the Futurity stakes alone they add twenty for the employment of Pinkerton men as thousand dollars, making the winning of extra police. On the day of the Futurity that great contest worth a considerable one hundred and fifty Pinkertons are re fortune. That all of this money comes in quired. The mere upkeep of the track, in reality out of the pockets of the people goes cluding repairs, painting and a considerable without saying, but so long as they are amount of gardening that has to be done, willing to pay so heavily for the amusement demands an expenditure of something like nobody has a right to complain. one hundred and fifty thousand dollars a' The tracks in the neighborhood of New year. Inasmuch as the park has not more York are owned by different groups of than thirty racing days in a twelvemonth, multi-millionaire capitalists, but the same reckoning is made on this basis in the above men are conspicuous in the management of table, dividing the total outlay by thirty nearly all of them. They run the games to get the disbursement for each day of and furnish the gambling outfit, with a racing green sward in place of the green cloth There is an expensive corps of officials, which the keeper of an indoor betting en- who, though appointed by the Jockey terprise provides. There are not a few Club, are paid by the track association. who claim that the racing game does more The starter, at fifty dollars a day, has five harm than all the faro banks and other assistants at ten dollars a day each. Five gambling institutions put together; but, thousand dollars a year is paid to the handi whether this be true or not, it would cer- capper, a very important functionary, who tainly be difficult to discover any form of allots the weights to be carried. There are gambling in which the every day individual two judges, at fifty dollars a day each; a has a smaller chance of success than in ven- timer, at ten dollars a day, and a starting turing his money on what are popularly judge at ten dollars. The paddock judge, known in these days as “the ponies. The who gets fifteen dollars a day, sees that the only persons who win are a few knowing horses are properly saddled, and that they ones, who risk their cash systematically on come out of the paddock when the bugle one or two races daily, basing the outlay blows. A clerk of the scales, at twenty-five upon information derived from private dollars a day, weighs the jockeys, and keeps a record of the races run. The association On Futurity Day, it is said, the book- itself appoints a physician, to be on hand makers at the Sheepshead Bay track pro- in case of accidents to jockeys or other per vide themselves with about one million sons, paying him one hundred dollars a dollars in ready money to use for betting. week; but the official veterinarian is nom Formerly they were obliged to pay for their inated by the Jockey Club, his most im- privilege, thus contributing largely to the sources. What an Average Day's Horse Racing Costs 415 income of the racing associations, but this ably has as many. Harry Payne Whitney has been done away with. At the present has thirty horses in training, and H. B. time their daily expenses are about fifty Duryea, his associate and close friend, pays dollars each. Each bookmaker is obliged the bills for a "string" of twenty. H. K. to employ an expert accountant, at ten to Knapp, who owns most of the ·Brooklyn twenty-five dollars per day, known as a ferries, is running twenty horses, and R. "sheet-writer,” who registers every bet. T. Wilson, Jr., whose sister married young It is work requiring great skill, inasmuch Cornelius Vanderbilt, maintains a stable of as prices are changing every minute. In racers quite as large. addition, he must have a cashier, at fifteen As a rule, the great racing men stable dollars a day, to take charge of the money, their horses at the tracks. For example, and two or three messengers to bring in- Sydney Paget keeps his string at Sheeps- formation and otherwise make themselves head Bay. At four hundred dollars a year useful. any of the track associations will rent a It is apparent, then, that quite a little stable adequate for the accommodation of army of people is maintained in connection twenty animals, together with a house and with the betting business alone, the pub- separate kitchen for the trainer and his lic, of course, supplying the funds for its assistants. This, of course, is merely a support. Notwithstanding their large ex nominal charge, but the lessee is required penses, the profits of the bookmakers must to furnish the kitchen and house. When be very satisfactory, inasmuch as they are he goes to another track to run his horses, conspicuous, as a rule, for lavish living. he must pay two dollars a month per stall. They wear diamonds in profusion, and are August Belmont, E. R. Thomas and frequently seen in boxes at the theaters, ac Harry Payne Whitney keep their racers companied by handsome and beautifully on their own country places, but this is dressed women. In short, they are the exceptional. “high rollers” of the city, and their em If you are a millionaire, and are seized ployees and the other small fry of the with an ambition for the turf, it will cost tracks, who are all of them ambitious of you anywhere from fifty to two hundred recognition as “sports,” imitate them to thousand dollars to make a start in the the extent of their means. racing business. Supposing that you want Unfortunately, the cost of all this ex a string of about twenty horses, you go travagant living is liquidated to no small into the market and buy yearlings on extent by poor clerks and other people to speculation, unless you prefer to acquire whom even petty losses by gambling signify at fancy prices animals with records al- discomfort, if not distress. To the tracks ready made. For the yearlings you may a great and never-failing stream of money pay from one hundred to ten thousand flows, carrying with it the pitiful earnings dollars apiece, according to "looks" and of the shop boy, together with the squan pedigree. They are always a gamble, in- derings of the spendthrift on the highroad asmuch as nobody can tell how they will to dishonor. For the mischief-making turn out. If you are lucky, you may get power of this gambling industry is enor some bargains in this way. Murillo, a mously extended and amplified through the famous racer, sold for one hundred dollars medium of the pool rooms, scattered all as a yearling, and the auctioneer could over the country. hardly obtain a bid for Waterboy when he Great sums of money are spent in main was a youngster. On the other hand, the taining the racing stables. Probably it late W. C. Whitney considered Nasturtium does not cost James R. Keene less than one a good investment, as a two-year-old, for hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars fifty thousand dollars. a year to keep the forty horses which he The yearlings come from all over the now has in training. Sydney Paget has an country, the cream of the breeders' output equal number stabled at the Sheepshead being sold in New York-at Coney Island Bay track. Thirty horses belonging to in the summer, and at Madison Square John Madden, the Kentucky breeder, are Garden in the winter. If you start with running this season, and Captain Sam S. a string of twenty, you will need, to take Brown, a breeder from Pittsburg, prob care of them, twenty men and boys, at an 416 The Outing Magazine average monthly wage of twenty-five dol may win some good-sized purses, which, lars, a foreman at forty-five dollars, a night if you are so fortunate, will diminish your watchman at twenty dollars, and a trainer net expenditure proportionately. at two thousand dollars to ten thousand For the Futurity there are likely to be as dollars a year, to take general charge. You many as one thousand entries, the horses, will have to furnish board and lodging for as already stated, being entered actual- all hands, and a cook and kitchen helper ly before they are born. Only a few of will be required to prepare the meals. The those entered start in the race, the great cost of feed for the horses will be a large majority being withdrawn because it is item, amounting to from one dollar to two obvious that they have no chance to win, dollars per day per animal; for a rich man but the fees paid go to augment the stake, is obliged to pay more for such things than which is the largest in the world, the ordinary folks. Shoeing will come to sev twenty thousand dollars added by the enty-five dollars or one hundred dollars track association bringing it up to sixty a month for the string. Then there are thousand dollars or seventy thousand dol- the services of a veterinarian to be paid for, lars. The race is run by two-year-olds, and many minor incidentals help to swell colts and fillies together; but the Produce expenses. at Brighton Beach, and the Matron at Bel- Race horses must have every luxury, if mont Park, which are likewise contests for the best they are capable of is to be got out horses as yet unborn when entered, are of them. Their stalls are really rooms, at each of them split into two races, one for least four times the size of an ordinary fillies and the other for colts. stall, so that the equine occupant has All of the racing tracks in the state of plenty of space for rolling on a bed of straw the Realization (thirty thousand dollars), three or four feet in depth, which is re run at Sheepshead Bay, for three-year-olds, newed with fresh material every day or the horses being entered as yearling colts; two. Each stall is provided with a door the Suburban (twenty thousand dollars), of wire net, to exclude flies, and disinfect run at Sheepshead Bay; the Metropolitan ants are used to prevent the breeding of Handicap (twelve thousand dollars), run those insects in the droppings of the animal. at Belmont Park; the Brooklyn Handicap It should be mentioned, by the way, that (twenty thousand dollars), run at Grave- the owner usually pays ten per cent. of all send; the Great Trial Race (twenty-five his winnings to the trainer. When it is thousand dollars guaranteed), for two-year- considered that the jockey, who is an in olds, run at Sheepshead Bay; the Junior dispensable adjunct-it is not customary Champion (fifteen thousand dollars), run at for a racing stable to employ more than Gravesend, and the Great Republic (fifty one “jock”-demands from five thousand thousand dollars—this is its last year, by dollars to fifteen thousand dollars a year the way) run at Saratoga. for his services, it will be seen that, with a All of the racing tracks in the state of string of twenty racers, you are not likely New York are under the control of the to pay less than sixty thousand dollars per Jockey Club, though nominally managed annum for the maintenance of the outfit. by the Racing Commission, consisting of As the meetings succeed each other at three members, who are appointed by the the different tracks, you find yourself under Governor. No track can legally do busi- heavy expense for transportation. Prob ness without the permission of the Com- ably you will not want to ship more than mission, and when this has been given, the eight or ten of your horses, but a car Jockey Club allots the dates for racing. will have to be provided for them, and For each meeting the Club appoints stew- to convey that number of animals from ards, who take charge of the track from the Sheepshead Bay to Saratoga and back, for moment the races start; but the judges, instance, will cost you not less than five starter, timekeeper, and other officials (all hundred dollars, without counting car fare of them appointed by the Jockey Club) are and other incidentals for the trainer and his employed by the season, during which they assistants, who must go along. On the go from track to track as the scene of the whole, you will be lucky to get off for sixty racing is changed successively from one thousand dollars--though, of course, you park to another. What an Average Day's Horse Racing Costs 417 To the telegraph companies racing is a it. Your only means of redress in such a vast source of income, and until recently case is to appeal to the Jockey Club, which (when the law made certain drastic re may compel the gambler (such things have forms) they were obliged to pay large sums happened occasionally) to satisfy your to the track associations for their privilege. claim. The amount of matter sent out over the How many ways there are in this world of wires from the tracks to the pool rooms and beating the devil around the bush! Pool to other places all over the country is in the rooms, as everybody knows, are run under aggregate enormous, the dispatches flowing a multitude of disguises, and all the power in a continuous stream, and reporting not of the law has not been adequate to inter- only results, but each race in all the stages fere to any serious extent with their activi- of its progress from start to finish. This, ties. Occasional raids make interesting indeed, is only a part of the electric corre "copy” for the newspapers, but do the spondence transmitted; and it appears that gamblers little harm. As the latest de- wireless telegraphy has now entered the velopment in this line of enterprise, we field, the new floating pool room on Lake have, in New York and other large cities, Michigan-a steamer specially constructed pool rooms whose patronage is restricted for gambling, and equipped for the accom to persons of the gentler sex, and which are modation of one thousand persons-being frequented to some extent by women un- provided with the necessary apparatus. deniably respectable-mothers of families, A few years ago, enterprising racing men many of them, who neglect their husbands in St. Louis started in to improve the game and children and squander their house- by running horses at night under electric keeping money in fruitless efforts to pick light. Thus racing by daylight was sup winners. plemented by racing in the evening, and In the last ten years the total gross re- speculation on the after-dark contests went ceipts of the racing associations doing busi- on all over the country, results being tele ness under license in the state of New York graphed to every important city. Un have risen from about five hundred thou- questionably the idea would have been sand dollars annually to nearly four millions adopted elsewhere, and we should now have of dollars. This gives a notion of the in- electric races at all the tracks, but for the crease in the popularity of racing. Out of fact that public opinion would not tolerate these receipts something like one million the innovation. The law stepped in, and five hundred thousand dollars is paid out in the gambling fraternity, to its profound the shape of purses to winners. In addi- disgust and indignation, has since been tion, five per cent. (amounting to nearly compelled to restrict its racing activities two hundred thousand dollars for 1905) is to the daytime. taken by the state and paid over to the Most of the people who go to the races agricultural societies--county and town run in the neighborhood of the metropolis fair associations. This tax, it should be are probably unaware that betting on such explained, was originally levied as a license contests is against the laws of the state of fee for betting privileges at the tracks—a New York. In fact, the business of the source from which the track owners under bookmakers at the tracks is, from a legal the old régime derived immense revenue. point of view, on exactly the same basis as Racing furnishes the only satisfactory the selling of lottery tickets. But the re test for the selection of stallions and brood strictions imposed by the statutes are evad- It gives incitement to breeders of ed by the simple expedient of placing all superior horses by making prices for such gambling transactions of the kind on a animals high. Hence its undeniable use- basis of "honor,” as it might be termed, fulness to growers of equine stock—a re- instead of contract. Nowadays, if you lation in which it assumes an importance make a bet with a bookmaker at any of the distinctively agricultural. To the state of New York tracks, you place yourself en New York it brings largest profit because tirely at his mercy in the matter. You re- here prizes are greatest and competition ceive from him not even a memorandum of keenest. It is possible here for horses of the wager, and if he chooses to deny that merit to earn more money than anywhere it was made, you cannot compel him to pay else in the world. To the neighborhood of mares. 418 The Outing Magazine the Metropolis have gravitated all the great ciation; Bennings (D. C.), owned by the racing stables of America, and here all of Washington Jockey Club; Pimlico (Md.), the best animals find a market. Mean owned by the Maryland Jockey Club, and while, owing to improvement of breed, the Narragansett Park (Cranston, R. I.), owned American thoroughbred has achieved ce by the Narragansett Breeders' Association. lebrity abroad; and an export demand, There are racing tracks, of course, scat- which promises to put much money into tered all over the country, the most im- Yankee pockets, has been created. portant of those not already named being Only within the last twenty years has at New Orleans, Chicago, St. Louis, Nash- racing in this country assumed the impor- ville, Memphis, Latonia (Ky.), Hot Springs tance of a business. Up to that time it (Ark.), Los Angeles and Oakland, near San was pursued mainly for amusement, the Francisco. owners of stables being mostly Southern Recently, however, racing has been gentlemen. But the North saw that there stopped entirely in Chicago and in St. Louis was money in the pastime, and so took it by the rigid enforcement of law. There is, up as a commercial enterprise. To-day an of course, no legal enactment against the immense aggregate of capital is invested in running of horses, but betting in connection the industry-if such a term can be applied with the sport has been prohibited, killing to a pursuit the chief feature and raison the game. No better illustration could be d'être of which is gambling. offered of the fact that the speculative ele- The racing business, as at present organ- ment is essential to this form of amuse- ized, is on a scale truly gigantic. In the ment, which, like poker or bridge, loses immediate neighborhood of New York are interest the moment the gambling feature six tracks: Belmont Park, owned by the is withdrawn from it. Stop the betting, Westchester Racing Association; Grave and there is an end to racing. send, owned by the Brooklyn Jockey Club; Racing, considered as a sport, is health- Sheepshead Bay, owned by the Coney Isl ful. It takes hundreds of thousands of and Jockey Club; Brighton Beach, owned people out-of-doors, furnishes them with by the Brighton Beach Racing Association; recreation, and distracts their minds from Jamaica, owned by the Metropolitan Jock- the cares and worries of every-day life. In ey Club, and Aqueduct, owned by the a spectacular sense the sport is delightful. Queens County Jockey Club. All of these But on the present basis it is primarily a are under the jurisdiction of the Jockey gambling game, and on this side lies its Club - the governing institution, which chief interest for the public at large. That has its headquarters at Fifth Avenue and it does an immense deal of harm is undeni- Forty-sixth Street. Under the same juris- able. The question whether its benefits diction, it should be added, are the tracks suffice to counterbalance or outweigh the at Saratoga, owned by the Saratoga Rac- injury it inflicts is one in regard to which ing Association; Kenilworth Park (Buf- every thinking person must form his own falo), owned by the Buffalo Racing Asso opinion BAR 20 RANGE YARNS V. THE ADVENT OF MCALLISTER BY CLARENCE EDWARD MULFORD HE blazing sun pace until it dropped dead. Every ounce shone pitilessly on of strength it possessed was put forth to an arid plain which bring those hind hoofs well in front of the was spotted with forward ones and to send them pushing T dust-gray clumps the sand behind in streaming clouds. The of mesquite and horse had done this same thing many times thorny chapparal. —when would its master learn sense? Basking in the The man was typical in appearance with burning sand and many of that broad land. Lithe, sinewy alkali lay several and bronzed by hard riding and hot suns, Gila monsters, which raised their heads and he sat in his Cheyenne saddle like a centaur, hissed with wide-open jaws as several faint, all his weight on the heavy, leather-guarded whip-like reports echoed flatly over the stirrups, his body rising in one magnificent desolate plain, showing that even they had straight line. A bleached moustache hid learned that danger was associated with the thin lips, and a gray sombrero threw a such sounds. heavy shadow across his eyes. Around his Off to the north there became visible a neck and over his open, blue flannel shirt cloud of dust and at intervals something lay loosely a knotted silk kerchief, and on swayed in it, something that rose and fell his thighs a pair of open-flapped holsters and then became hidden again. Out of swung uneasily with their ivory handled that cloud came sharp, splitting sounds burdens. He turned abruptly, raised his which were faintly responded to by another gun to his shoulder and fired. One of his and larger cloud in its rear. As it came pursuers threw up his arms and siid from nearer and finally swept past, the Gilas, to his horse, and a second later an agonized, their terror, saw a madly pounding horse quavering scream floated faintly past. The and it carried a man. The latter turned man laughed recklessly and patted his in his saddle and raised a gun to his shoul mount, which responded to the confident der, and the thunder that issued from it caress by lying flatter to the earth in a caused the creeping audience to throw up spurt of heart-breaking speed. their tails in sudden panic and bury them “I'll show 'em who they're trailin'. This selves out of sight in the sand. is th' second time l've started for Muddy The horse was only a broncho, its sides Wells, an' I'm goin' to git there, too, for all covered with hideous yellow spots, and on th' Cheyennes an' Sioux out of Hades!” its near flank was a peculiar scar, the brand. To the south another cloud of dust Foam flecked from its crimson jaws and rapidly approached and the rider scanned found a resting place on its sides and on the it closely, for it was directly in his path. hairy chaps of its rider. Sweat rolled and As he watched it he saw something wave streamed from its heaving flanks and was and it was a sombrero! Shortly afterward greedily sucked up by the drought-cursed a real cowboy yell reached his ears. He alkali. Close to the rider's knee a bloody grinned and slid another cartridge in the furrow ran forward and one of the bron greasy, smoking barrel of the Sharp's and cho's ears was torn and limp. The broncho fired again at the cloud in his rear. Some was doing its best-it could run at that few minutes later a whooping, bunched 419 420 The Outing Magazine one. crowd of madly riding cowboys thundered man who don't know nothin' about pros- past him and he was recognized. pectin' goes an' stumbles over a fortune, an' “Hullo, Frenchy!” yelled the nearest those who know it from A to Izzard goes “Comin' back?” 'round pullin' in their belts.” “Come on, McAllister!” shouted anoth "We don't pull in no belts we knows er, “we'll give 'em blazes!” In response just where to look, don't we, Tenspot?” the straining broncho suddenly stiffened, remarked Tex, looking very wise. bunched and slid on its haunches, wheeled "Ya-as we do," answered Tenspot, "if and retraced its course. yu hasn't dreamed about it, we do.” The rear cloud suddenly scattered into “Yu wait; I wasn't dreamin', none what- many smaller ones and all swept off to ever,” assured Tex. “I saw it!” the east. The rescuing band overtook “Ya-as, I saw it too, onct,” replied them and, several hours later, when seated Frenchy with sarcasm. "Went and lugged around a table in Tom Lee's saloon, Muddy fifty pound of it all th’ way to th' assay Wells, a count was taken of them: two had office—took me two days; an' that there escaped and the other twelve lay some four-eyed cuss looks at it an’ snickers. where under the stolid sun. Then he takes me by th' arm an' leads me “We was huntin' coyotes when we saw to th' window. See that pile, my friend? yu,” said a smiling puncher who was That's all like yourn,' sez he. “It's worth known as Salvation Carroll chiefly because about one simoleon a ton, at th' coast. he wasn't. They use it for ballast.'” “Yep! They've been stalkin' Tom's "Aw! But this what I saw was gold!” chickens," supplied Waffles, the champion exploded Tex. poker player of the outfit. Tom Lee's “So was mine, for a while!” laughed chickens could whip anything of their kind Frenchy, nodding to the bartender for for miles around and were reverenced ac another round. cordingly. "Well, we're tired of punchin' cows! “Sho! Is that so?” asked Frenchy with Ride sixteen hours a day, year in an' year mild incredulity, such a state of affairs be out, an’ what do we get? Fifty a month ing deplorable. an' no chance to spend it, an' grub that 'd “She shore is!” answered Tex Le Blanc, make a coyote sniffle! I'm for a vacation, and then, as an afterthought, he added, an' if I goes broke, why, I'll punch again!” "Where'd yu hit th' War-whoops?" asserted Waffles, the foreman, thus reveal- “'Bout four hours back. This here's th’ ing the real purpose of the trip. second time I've headed for this place -- What'd yore boss say?" asked last time they chased me to Las Cruces.” Frenchy. “That so?” asked Bigfoot Baker, a giant. "Whoop! What didn't he say! Honest, "Ain't they allus interferin', now? Any I never thought he had it in him. It was how, they're better 'n coyotes." fine. He cussed an hour frontways an’ “They was purty well heeled,” suggested then trailed back on a dead gallop, with us Tex, glancing at a dozen repeating Win a-laughin' fit to bust. Then he rustles chesters of late model that lay stacked in a for his gun, an’ we rustles for town," an- corner. “Charley here said he thought swered Waffles, laughing at his remem- they was from th’ way yore cayuse looked, brance of it. didn't yu, Charley?" Charley nodded and As Frenchy was about to reply his som- filled his pipe. brero was snatched from his head and dis- "'Pears like a feller can't amble around appeared. If he “got mad” he was to be much nowadays without havin' to fight,” regarded as not sufficiently well acquainted grumbled Lefty Allen, who usually went for banter and he was at once in hot water; out of his way hunting up trouble. if he took it good-naturedly he was one of “We're goin' to th' Hills as soon as our the crowd in spirit; but in either case he cookie turns up,” volunteered Tenspot didn't get his hat without begging or fight- Davis, looking inquiringly at Frenchy. ing for it. This was a recognized custom “Heard any more news?" among the O-Bar-O) outfit and was not in- “Nope. Same old story—lots of gold. tended as an insult. Shucks, I've bit on so many of them rumors Frenchy grabbed at the empty air and that they don't feaze me no more. One arose. Punching Lefty playfully in the Bar 20 Range Yarns 421 ) ribs, he passed his hands behind that per His reasons for making this trip were son's back. Not finding the lost head-gear two-fold: he wished to see Buck Peters, the he laughed and tripping Lefty up, fell with foreman of the Bar 20 outfit, as he and him and, reaching up on the table for his Buck had punched cows together twenty glass, poured the contents down Lefty's years before and were firm friends; the back and arose. other was that he wished to get square “Yu son-of-a-gun!” indignantly wailed with Hopalong Cassidy, who had decisively that unfortunate. “Gee, it feels funny,” cleaned him out the year before at poker. he added, grinning, as he pulled the wet Hopalong played either in great good luck shirt away from his spine. or the contrary, and I have, myself, out of “Well, I've got to be amblin',” said curiosity, counted his consecutive winnings Frenchy, totally ignoring the loss of his up to seventeen. Frenchy played an even, hat. 'Goin' down to Buckskin," he of consistent game and usually left off richer fered and then asked, “When's yore cook than when he began, and this decisive comin'?" defeat bothered him more than he would “Day after to-morrow, if he don't get admit, even to himself. loaded," replied Tex. Hopalong Cassidy, the younger by a “Who is he?” score of years, was a product of the land; "A one-eyed Greaser-Quiensabe An he had grown up there and he had been tonio.” “toting" a gun ever since his arrival when a "I used to know him. He's a h-1 of a boy of seven. He ranked high as a gun- cook. Dished up the grub one season when fighter, his quickness and accuracy being I was punchin' for th’ Tin-Cup, up in Mon among those things for which he was justly tana," replied Frenchy. famed. He had wandered to the Bar “Oh, he kin cook now, all right,” replied 20, where he had worked his way from Waffles. chore boy to an expert, full-fledged cow- “That's about all he can cook. Use puncher, as he had been taken in hand ter wash his knives in th' coffee pot an’ and trained by a master, or rather, by blow on th' tins. I chased him a mile one several of them. For some years all his night for leavin’ sand in th’ skillet. Yu money had been spent for cartridges and can have him— I don't envy yu none he had developed a passion for shooting, whatever.” which, under the guiding hands of Buck “He don't sand no skillet when little Peters and the others, had made his ability Tenspot's around," assured that person, in this line almost beyond belief. Natu- slapping his holster. “Does he, Lefty?” rally irrepressible and sunny, he had adopt- “If he does yu oughter be lynched,” ed the good points of his associates with a consoled Lefty. minimum of the bad, for the foreman's “Well, so long,” remarked Frenchy, rid eye was quick to detect and his hand as ing off to a small store where he bought a quick to chastise; he was a combination cheap sombrero. of reckless nerve, humor, mischievousness, Frenchy was a jack-of-all-trades, having earnestness and nonchalance, and, as a re- been cow-puncher, prospector, proprietor sult, he was continually getting into trou- of a “hotel” in Albuquerque, foreman of a ble, which he promptly got out of. ranch, sheriff and at one time had played The ranch of the Bar 20 in what is angel to a venturesome but poor show now a well-known county of southwestern troupe. Besides his versatility, he was well Texas, was made up of eight irrepressible known as the man who took the stage cow-punchers, who were very well known through the Sioux country when no one throughout the cow country as an aggre- else volunteered. He could shoot with the gation that never “took water." They en- best, and his one pride was the brand of joyed the reputation of being square, and poker he handed out. Furthermore, he that fact extended to them some privi- had never been known to take an unjust leges. advantage over any man, and, on the con The round-up season was at hand and trary, had frequently voluntarily handi the Bar 20 was short of ropers, the rumors capped himself to make the event more of fresh gold discoveries in the Black Hills interesting. But he must not be classed having drawn all the more restless men as being hampered with self-restraint. north. The outfit also had a slight touch 422 The Outing Magazine of the goid fever, and only their peculiar soliloquized, as he aimed a stream at Hopa- loyalty to the ranch and the assurance of long's ear, which showed for a second as the foreman that when the work was over Pete Wilson strove for a half-nelson, and he would accompany them, kept them from he managed to include Johnny and Pete joining the rush of those who desired sud in his effort. den and much wealth as the necessary pre- Several minutes later, when the storm liminary of painting some cow-town in all had subsided, the woeful crowd enthusias- the “bang up” style such an event would tically urged Hopalong to the bar, where call for. Therefore, they had been given he“ bought.” orders to secure the required assistance and “Of all th' ornery outfits I ever saw,” they intended to do so, and were prepared began the man at the table, grinning from to kidnap if necessary, for the glamour of ear to ear at the spectacle he had just wealth and the hilarity of the vacation witnessed. made the hours falter in their speed. Hearing the strange voice, Hopalong, As Frenchy leaned back in his chair in who was always on the alert, wheeled with Cowan's saloon, Buckskin, early the next his hand going toward his thigh and then morning, planning to get revenge on Hopa- stretched it forth in greeting. long and then to recover his sombrero, he “Why, hullo, Frenchy! Glad to see yu, heard a medley of yells and whoops, and yu old son-of-a-gun! What's th' news soon the door flew open before the strenu from th' Hills?” ous and concentrated entry of a mass of “Rather locoed, an' there's a locoed twisting and kicking arms and legs, which gang that's headin' that way. Goin' up?” magically found their respective owners he asked. and reverted to the established order of “Shore, after round-up. Seen any punch- things. When the alkali dust had thinned ers trailin' around loose?” he saw seven cow-punchers sitting on the "Ya-as," drawled Frenchy, delving into prostrate form of another, who was earnest the possibilities suddenly opened to him, ly engaged in trying to push Johnny Nel and determining to utilize to the fullest son's head out in the street with one foot as extent the opportunity that had come to he voiced his lucid opinion of things in him unsought. “There's nine over to general and the seven in particular. After Muddy Wells that yu might git if yu wants Red Connors had been stabbed in the back them bad enough. They've got a som- several times by the victim's energetic el brero of mine," he added, deprecatingly. bow, he ran out of the room, and presently “Nine! Twisted Jerusalem, Buck! Nine returned with a pleased expression and a whole cow-punchers a-pinin' for work," sombrero full of water, his finger plugging he shouted, but then added thoughtfully, an old bullet hole in the crown. “Mebby they's engaged," it being one of “Is he enny better, Buck?" anxiously in the courtesies of the land not to take quired the man with the reservoir. another man's help. “About a dollar's worth,” replied the "Nope. They've stampeded for th' foreman. “Jest put a little right here,” Hills an' left their boss all alone," replied he drawled, as he pulled back the collar of Frenchy, well knowing that such desertion the unfortunate's shirt. would not add any merits to the case of the "Ow! wow! WOW!” wailed the recip- distant outfit. ient, heaving and straining. The unen “Th’sons-of-guns,” said Hopalong, "let's gaged leg was suddenly wrested loose, and go an' get 'em,” he suggested, turning to as it shot up and out Billy Williams, with Buck, who nodded a smiling assent. his pessimism aroused to a blue-ribbon “Oh, what's th’hurry?" asked Frenchy, pitch, sat down forcibly in an adjacent part seeing his projected game slipping away of the room, from where he lectured be into the uncertain future and happy in tween gasps on the follies of mankind and the thought that he would be avenged on the attributes of army mules. the O-Bar-O outfit. “They'll be there till Red tiptoed around the squirming bunch, to-morrow noon they's waitin' for their looking for an opening, his pleased expres cookie, who's goin' with them.” sion now having added a grin. “A cook! A cook! Oh, joy, a cook!” “Seems to be gittin' violent like,” he exulted Johnny, not for one instant doubt- 2 Bar 20 Range Yarns 423 ing Buck's ability to capture the whole “Yu take that cayuse back an' get Cow- outfit, and seeing a whirl of excitement in an's," he ordered. the effort. "That cayuse is good for Cheyenne- “Anybody we knows?" inquired Skinny she eats work, an' besides, I wants my Thompson own," laughed Frenchy. “Shore. Tenspot Davis, Waffles, Sal “Yu must had a regʻlar picnic, from th’ vation Carroll, Bigfoot Baker, Charley looks of that crease,” volunteered Hopa- Lane, Lefty Allen, Kid Morris, Curley Tate long, whose curiosity was mastering him. an' Tex Le Blanc,” responded Frenchy. "Shoo! I had a little argument with “Umm-m. Might as well rope a bliz some feather dusters-th' ()-Bar-O crowd zard,” grumbled Billy. “Might as well cleaned them up." try to git th' Seventh Cavalry. We'll have “That so?” asked Buck. a pious time corralling that bunch. Them's “Yep! They sorter got into th' habit of th' fellows that hit that bunch of inquiring chasin' me to Las Cruces an' forgot to Crow braves that time up in th’ Bad Lands stop.” an’ then said by-bye to th' Ninth.” "How many'd yu get?" asked Lanky “Aw, shut up! They's only two that's Smith. very much, an' Buck an' Hopalong can sing “Twelve. Two got away. I got two 'em to sleep," interposed Johnny, afraid before th' crowd showed up-that makes that the expedition would fall through. fo'teen.” “How about Curley and Tex?” pugna "Now th' cavalry 'll be huntin' yu," ciously asked Billy. croaked Billy “Huh, jest because they buffaloed yu “Hunt nothin'! They was in war-paint over to Las Vegas, yu needn't think they's --think I was a target?—think I was goin' dangerous. Salvation an' Tenspot are th' to call off their shots for 'em?” only ones who can shoot,” stoutly main They relayed at the Barred-Horseshoe tained Johnny. and went on their way at the same pace. “Here yu, get mum,” ordered Buck to Shortly after leaving the last-named ranch the pair. “When this outfit goes after any Buck turned to Frenchy and asked, “Any thing it generally gets it. All in favor of of that outfit think they can play poker?" kidnappin' that outfit signify th’ same by “Shore. Waffles.” kickin' Billy," whereupon Bill swore. “Does th' reverend Mr. Waffles think so “Do yu want yore hat?" asked Buck, turning to Frenchy. He shore does." “I shore do,” answered that individual. “Do th' rest of them mavericks think so “If yu helps us at th' round-up, we'll get too?” it for yu. Fifty a month an' grub,” of “They'd bet their shirts on him.” fered the foreman. At this juncture all were startled by a “O. K.,” replied Frenchy, anxious to sudden eruption from Billy. "Haw! Haw! even matters. Haw!” he roared as the drift of Buck's in- Buck looked at his watch. “Seven tentions struck him. “Haw! Haw! Haw!" o'clock-we ought to get there by five if “Here, yu long-winded coyote,” yelled we relays at th' Barred-Horseshoe. Come Red, banging him over the head with his quirt. “If yu don't ‘Haw! Haw!' away “How are we goin' to git them?” asked from my ear, I'll make it a Wow! Wow! Billy. What d'yu mean? Think I am a echo “Yu leave that to me, son. Hopalong cliff? Yu slab-sided doodle-bug, yu!" an’ Frenchy 'll tend to that part of it. All "G'way, yu crimson topknot, think my yu has to do is to keep yore gun loose, head's a hunk of quartz? Fer a plugged in case any trouble busts, which I ain't peso I'd strew yu all over th’ scenery!” a-figurin' on,” replied Buck, making for his shouted Billy, feigning anger and rubbing horse and swinging into the saddle, an ex his head. ample which was followed by the others, “There ain't no scenery around here,” including Frenchy. interposed Lanky. "This here be-utiful As they swung off Buck noticed the con prospect is a sublime conception of th’ dition of Frenchy's mount and halted. devil.” very hard?" on.” 424 The Outing Magazine "Easy, boy! Them highfalutin' words 'll heard of them skedaddlin' from trouble, give yu a cramp some day. Yu talk like a but they's square when the joke's on 'em. newly made sergeant," remarked Skinny. We ain't goin' to hold 'em up. De-plom- “He learned them words from that sky- acy's th' game.” pilot over at El Paso," volunteered Hopa Billy looked dubious and said nothing. long, winking at Red. “He used to amble If he hadn't proven that he was as nervy down th' aisle afore th’ lights was lit so's as any man in the outfit they might have he could get a front seat. That was all taken more stock in his grumbling. hunky for a while, but every time he'd go “What's th’ latest from Abilene way?” out to irrigate, that female organ-wrastler asked Buck of Frenchy. would seem to call th' music off for his “Nothin' much 'cept th’ barb-wire ruc- special benefit. So in a month he'd sneak tion," replied the recruit. in an' freeze to a chair by th’ door, an' after "What's that?" asked Red, glancing a while he'd shy like blazes every time he apprehensively back at Hopalong. got within eye range of th' church.” “Why, th’settlers put up barb-wire “Shore. But do yu know what made fence so's th' cattle wouldn't get on their him get religion all of a sudden? He used farms. That would a been all right, for to hang around on th' outside after th' joint there wasn't much of it. But some Brit- let out an' trail along behind th’music ishers who own a couple of big ranches out slinger lookin' like he didn't know what to there got smart all of a sudden an' strung do with his hands. Then when he got wire all along their lines. Punchers cross- woozy one time she up an' told him that in’ th’ country would run plumb into a she had got a nice long letter from her fence an' would have to ride a day an'a hubby. Then Mr. Lanky hit th' trail for half, mebby, afore they found th' corner. Santa Fé so hard that there wasn't hardly Well, naturally, when a man has been used none of it left. I didn't see him for a whole to ridin' where he blame pleases an'as month,” supplied Red innocently. straight as he pleases, he ain't goin' to “Yore shore funny, ain't yu?” sarcasti chase along a five-foot fence to 'Frisco when cally grunted Lanky. "Why, I can tell he wants to get to Waco. So th' punchers things on yu that 'd make yu stand treat got to totin' wire-snips, an' when they runs up agin a fence they cuts down half a mile “I wouldn't sneak off to Santa Fé an' or so. Sometimes they'd tie their ropes cheat yu out of them. Yu ought to be to a strand an' pull off a couple of miles an’ ashamed of yoreself." then go back after the rest. Th’ ranch "Yah!” snorted the aggrieved little man. bosses sent out men to watch th' fences an’ “I had business over to Santa Fé!” told 'em to shoot any festive puncher that “Shore,” indorsed Hopalong. “We've monkeyed with th' hardware. Well, yu all had business over to Santa Fé. Why, know what happens when a puncher gets about eight years ago I had business shot at.” “Choke up," interposed Red. “About “When fences grow in Texas there'll be eight years ago yu was washing pans for th' devil to pay,” said Buck. He hated to cookie an’ askin' me for cartridges. Buck think that some day the freedom of the used to larrup yu about four times a day, range would be annulled, for he knew that eight years ago. it would be the first blow against the cow- To their roars of laughter Hopalong boys' occupation. When a man's cattle dropped to the rear where, red-faced and couldn't spread out all over the land he quiet, he bent his thoughts on how to get wouldn't have to keep so many men. square. Farms would spring up and the sun of the "We'll have a pleasant time corralling free and easy cowboy would slowly set. that gang,” began Billy for the third time. “I reckons th' cutters are classed th' “For heaven's sake get off that trail!" same as rustlers,” remarked Red with a replied Lanky. “Most of them knows gleam of temper. Buck an' Hopalong, an' when they sees “By th’owners, but not by th' punchers; them with their holsters tied open they an’ it's th' punchers that count,” replied won't make no getaway. Of course they Frenchy. ain't none of them empty-guns, an' I never “Well, we'll give them a fight,” inter- for a year. Bar 20 Range Yarns 425 posed Hopalong, riding up. “When it gets hours later they rode into Muddy Wells, a so I can't go where I please I'll start on th' town with a little more excuse for its ex- warpath. I won't buck th' cavalry, but istence than Buckskin. The wells were I'll keep it busy huntin' for me an’ I'll have in an arid valley west of Guadaloupe Pass, time to 'tend to th' wire-fence men, too. and were not only muddy but more or less Why, we'll be told we can't tote our guns!” alkaline. "They're sayin' that now,” replied As they neared the central group of Frenchy. “Up in Topeka, Smith, who's buildings they heard a hilarious and asser- now marshal, makes yu leave 'em with th' tive song which sprang from the door and bartenders.” windows of the main saloon. It was in jig “I'd like to see any two-laigged cuss get time, rollicking and boisterous, but the my guns if I didn't want him to!" began words had evidently been improvised for Hopalong, indignant at the idea. the occasion, as they clashed immediately “Easy, son,” cautioned Buck. “Yu with those which sprang to the minds of would do what th' rest did because yu are the outfit, although they could not be a square man. I'm about as hard-headed clearly distinguished. As they approached a puncher as ever straddled leather an’ nearer and finally dismounted, however, I've had to use my guns purty consider the words became recognizable, and the able, but I reckons if any decent marshal visitors were at once placed in harmony asked me to cache them in a decent way, with the air of jovial recklessness by the why, I'd do it. An' let me brand some roaring of the verses and the stamping of thin' on yore mind — I've heard of Smith the time. Hopalong grinned and closed of Topeka, an' he's mighty nifty with his his holster flaps; no trouble would be hands. He don't stand off an' tell yu to likely to exist there. unload yere lead-ranch, but he ambles up Oh, we're red-hot cow-punchers playin' on our close an' taps yu on yore shirt; if yu makes luck, a gun-play he naturally knocks yu clean An' there ain't a proposition that we won't buck: across th' room an' unloads yu afore yu From sunrise to sunset we've ridden on th' gets yore senses back. He weighs about a range, hundred an’ eighty an' he's shore got sand But now we're off for a howlin' change. to burn." “Yah! When I makes a gun play she Chorus. plays! I'd look nice in Abilene or Paso or Laugh a little, sing a little, all th' day; Albuquerque without my guns, wouldn't Play a little, drink a little--we can pay; Ride a little, dig a little an' rich we'll grow. 1? Just because I totes them in plain sight Oh, we're that bunch from th' 0-Bar-O! I've got to hand 'em over to some liquor- wrastler ? 1 reckons not! Some hip- Oh, there was a little tenderfoot an' he had a pocket skunk would plug me afore I could An' th' gun an' him went a-trailin' up some fun. wink. I'd shore look nice loping around They ambles up to Santa Fé to find a quiet a keno layout without my guns, in th’ same game, town with some cuss huntin' me, wouldn't An' now they're planted with some more of th' I? A whole lot of good a marshal would same! a done Jimmy, an' didn't Harris get his As Hopalong, followed by the others, from a cur in th’dark?” shouted Hopalong, pushed open the door and entered, he took angered by the prospect. up the chorus with all the power of Texan “We're talkin' about Topeka, where lungs and even Billy joined in. The sight everybody has to hang up their guns,” re that met their eyes was typical of the plied Buck. “An' there's th’ law- men and the mood and the place. Lean- "To blazes with th' law!" whooped Hop- ing along the walls, lounging on the table along in Red's ear, as he unfastened the and straddling chairs with their forearms cinch of Red's saddle and at the same time crossed on the backs were nine cowboys, stabbing that unfortunate's mount with ranging from old twenty to young fifty in his spurs, thereby causing a hasty separa- years, and all were shouting the song and tion of the two. When Red had picked keeping time with their hands and feet. In himself up and things had quieted down the center of the room was a large man again the subject was changed and several dancing a fair buck-and-wing to the time little gun, 426 The Outing Magazine so uproariously set by his companions. Hatless, neck-kerchief loose, holsters flap- ping, chaps rippling out and close, spurs clinking and perspiration streaming from his tanned face, danced Bigfoot Baker as though his life depended on speed and noise. Bottles shook and the air was fogged with smoke and dust. Suddenly, his belt slip- ping and letting his chaps fall around his ankles, he tripped and sat down heavily. Gasping for breath, he held out his hand and received a huge plug of tobacco, for Bigfoot had won a contest. Shouts of greeting were hurled at the newcomers and many questions were fired at them regarding “th'latest from th’ Hills." Waffles made a rush for Hopalong, but fell over Bigfoot's feet and all three were piled up in a heap. All were beaming with good nature, for they were as so many schoolboys playing truant. Prosaic cow- punching was relegated to the rear and they looked eagerly forward to their several missions. Frenchy told of the barb-wire fence war and of the new regulations of "Smith of Topeka" regarding cow-punch- ers' guns, and from the caustic remarks explosively given it was plain to be seen what a wire fence could expect should one be met with, and there were many imagi- nary Smiths put hors de combat. Kid Morris, after vainly trying to slip a blue-bottle fly inside of Hopalong's shirt, gave it up and slammed his hand on Hopa- long's back instead, crying: "Well, I'll be dog-goned if here ain't Hopalong! How's th' missus an' th’ deacon an' all th’ folks to hum? I hears yu an' Frenchy's reg'lar poker fiends!” "Oh, we plays onct in a while, but we don't want none of yore dust. Yu'll shore need it all afore th' Hills get through with yu," laughingly replied Hopalong. “Oh, yore shore kind! But I was a sort of reckonin' that we needs some more. Perfesser P. D. Q. Waffles is our poker man an' he shore can clean out anything I ever saw. Mebby yu fellers feels reck- less-like an' would like to make a pool," he cried, addressing the outfit of the Bar 20, “an' back yore boss of th' full house agin ourn?” Red turned slowly around and took a full minute in which to size the Kid up. Then he snorted and turned his back again. The kid stared at him in outraged dignity. "Well, what t'ell!” he softly murmured. Then he leaped forward and walloped Red on the back. "Hey, yore royal highness!” he shouted. “Yu-yu-yu- oh, hang it-yu! Yu slab-sided, ring- boned, saddle-galled shade of a coyote, do yu think I'm only meanderin' in th' misty vales of-of- Suggestions intruded from various sources. "Hades?" offered Hopalong. “Cheyenne?” murmured Johnny. “Misty mistiness of misty?" tentatively supplied Waffles. Red turned around again. 'Better come up an' have somethin',” he sym- pathetically invited, wiping away an imag- inary tear. "An' he's so young!” sobbed Frenchy. “An' so fair!" wailed Tex. “An' so ornery!" howled Lefty, throwing his arms around the discomfited youngster. Other arms went around him, and out of the sobbing mob could be heard earnest and heartfelt cussing, interspersed with impera- tive commands, which were gradually obeyed. The Kid straightened up his wearing ap- parel. “Come on, yu locoed- “Angels?” queried Charley Lane, inter- rupting him. "Sweet things?" breathed Hopalong in hopeful expectancy. “Oh, d-n it!" yelled the Kid as he ran out into the street to escape the persecu- tion. "Good Kid, all right," remarked Waffles. “He'll go around and lick some Greaser an’ come back sweet as honey.” “Did somebody say poker?" asked Big- foot, digressing from the Kid. “Oh, yu fellows don't want no poker. Of course yu don't. Poker's mighty un- uncertain," replied Red. “Yah!” exclaimed Tex Le Blanc, push- ing forward. “I'll just bet yu to a stand- still that Waffles an’ Salvation 'll round up all th'festive simoleons yu can get together! An' i'll throw in Frenchy's hat as an in- ducement.” "Well, if yore shore set on it make her a pool,” replied Red, “an'th' winners divide with their outfit. Here's a starter,” he added, tossing a buckskin bag in the table. “Come on, pile 'em up." The crowd divided as the players seated themselves at the table, the O-Bar-O crowd grouping themselves behind their repre- Bar 20 Range Yarns 427 sentatives; the Bar 20 behind theirs. A th' gang?” he asked genially. “We've had deck of cards was brought and the game a h- of a time this yere trip,” he went on was on. without waiting for Red to reply. “Five Red, true to his nature, leaned back in a miles out of Las Cruces we stood off a son- corner, where, hands on hips, he awaited of-a-gun that wanted th’ dude's wealth. any hostile demonstration on the part of Then just this side of the San Andre foot- the O-Bar-O; then, suddenly remembering, hills we runs into a bunch of young bucks he looked half ashamed of his warlike posi who turned us off this yere way an' gave tion and became a peaceful citizen again. us a runnin' fight purty near all th’ way. Buck leaned with his broad back against I'm a whole lot farther from Paso now than the bar, talking over his shoulder to the bar I was when I started, an' seein' as I lost a tender, but watching Tenspot Davis, who jack I'll be some time gittin' there. Yu was assiduously engaged in juggling a don't happen to sabe a jack I can borrow, handful of Mexican dollars. Up by the do yu?” door Bigfoot Baker, elated at winning the “I don't know about no jack, but I'll buck-and-wing contest, was endeavoring to rope yu a bronch," offered Red, winking learn a new step, while his late rival was at Johnny. drowning his defeat at Buck's elbow. Lefty “I'll pull her myself before I'll put dyna- Allen was softly singing a Mexican love mite in th'traces,” replied the driver. “Yu song, humming when the words would not fellers might amble back a ways with me come. At the table could be heard low them buddin' warriors 'll be layin' for me.” spoken card terms and good-natured ban "We shore will,” responded Johnny ter, interspersed with the clink of gold and eagerly. “There's nine of us now an' silver and the soft pat-pat of the onlook there'll be nine more an' a cook to-morrow, ers' feet unconsciously keeping time to mebby.” Lefty's song. Notwithstanding the grim “Gosh, yu grows some,” replied the assertiveness of belts full of .44's and the guard. “Eighteen 'll be a plenty for them peeping handles of long-barreled Colt's glory hunters.” set off with picturesque chaps, sombreros “We won't be able to,” contradicted and tinkling spurs, the scene was one of Red, "for things are peculiar." peaceful content and good-fellowship. At this moment the conversation was “Ugh!" grunted Johnny, walking over interrupted by the tenderfoot, who sported to Red and informing that person that he, a new and cheap sombrero and also a belt Red, was a worm-eaten prune, and that for and holster complete. half a wink he, Johnny, would prove it. "Will you gentlemen join me?" he asked, Red grabbed him by the seat of his cordu- turning to Red and nodding at the saloon. roys and the collar of his shirt and helped “I am very dry and much averse to drink- him outside, where they strolled about ing alone.” taking pot shots at whatever their fancy "Why, shore," responded Red heartily, suggested. wishing to put the stranger at ease. Down the street in a cloud of dust rum The game was running about even as bled the Las Cruces-El Paso stage, and the they entered and Lefty Allen was still sing- two punchers went up to meet it. Raw ing his love song, the rich tenor softening furrows showed in the woodwork, one mule the harshness of the surroundings. Hopa- was missing and the driver and guard wore long laughed joyously at a remark made fresh bandages. A tired tenderfoot leaped by Waffles and the stranger glanced quickly out with a sigh of relief and hunted for his at him. His merry, boyish face, under- baggage, which he found to be generously lined by a jaw showing great firmness and perforated. Swearing at the God-forsaken set off with an expression of aggressive self- land where a man had to fight highwaymen reliance, impressed the stranger, and he re- and Indians inside of half a day, he grum marked to Red, who lounged lazily near blingly lugged his valise toward a forbid him, that he was surprised to see such a ding-looking shack which was called a face on so young a man and he asked who hotel. the player was. The driver released his teams and then "Oh, his name's Hopalong Cassidy,” an- turned to Red. “Hullo, old hoss, how's swered Red. “He's th'cuss that raised that 428 The Outing Magazine ruction down in Mexico last spring. Rode mean nothin'—he's only a damn-fool kid!” his cayuse in a saloon and played with the he cried. loungers and had to shoot one before he Buck smiled and wrested the Colt from got out. When he did get out he had to Johnny's ever ready hand. “Here's an- fight a whole bunch of Greasers an' even other,” he said. Red laughed softly and potted their marshal, who had th’ drop on rolled Johnny on the floor. "Yu jackass," him. Then he returned and visited the he said, “don't yu know better'n to make marshal about a month later, took his gun a gun-play when we needs them all?” away from him and then cut the cards to “What are we goin' to do?” asked Tex, see if he was a prisoner or not. He's a glancing at the bulging pockets of Hopa- shore funny cuss.” long's chaps. The tenderfoot gasped his amazement. "We're goin' to punch cows again, that's “Are you not fooling with me?” he asked. what we're goin' to do," answered Bigfoot “Tell him yu came after that five hun dismally. dred dollars reward and see," answered Red “An' whose are we goin' to punch? We good-naturedly. can't go back to the old man,” grumbled "Holy smoke!” shouted Waffles as Hop Tex. along won his sixth consecutive pot. “Did Salvation looked askance at Buck and yu ever see such luck!” Frenchy grinned then at the others. "Mebby," he began, and some time later raked in his third. “mebby we kin git a job on th’ Bar 20. Salvation then staked his last cent against Then turning to Buck again he bluntly Hopalong's flush and dropped out. asked, "Are yu short of punchers?” Tenspot flipped to Waffles the money “Well, I might use some," answered the he had been juggling, and Lefty searched foreman, hesitating. “But I ain't got his clothes for wealth. Buck, still leaning only one cook, an'- against the bar, grinned and winked at “We'll git yu th' cook, all O. K.,” inter- Johnny, who was pouring hair-raising tales rupted Charley Lane vehemently. "Hi, into the receptive ears of the stranger. yu cook!” he shouted, “amble in here an’ Thereupon Johnny confided to his newly git a rustle on!” found acquaintance the facts about the There was no reply and, after waiting game, nearly causing that person to ex for a minute, he and Waffles went into the plode with delight. rear room, from which there immediately Waffles pushed back his chair, stood up issued great chunks of profanity and noise. and stretched. At the finish of a yawn he They returned looking pugnacious and dis- grinned at his late adversary. "I'm all in, gusted, with a wildly fighting man who was yu old son-of-a-gun. Yu shore can play more full of liquor than was the bottle draw. I'm goin' to try yu again some time. which he belligerently waved. I was beat fair and square an’ I ain't got no "This here animated distillery what yu kick comin', none whatever,” he remarked, sees is our cook,” said Waffles. "We eats as he shook hands with Hopalong. his grub, nobody else. If he gits drunk “Oh, we're that gang from th’O-Bar that's our funeral; but he won't get drunk! 0,"” hummed the Kid as he sauntered in. If yu wants us to punch for yu say so an’ One cheek was slightly swollen and his we does; if yu don't, we don't.” clothes shed dust at every step. “Who "Well," replied Buck thoughtfully, "meb- wins?” he inquired, not having heard by I can use yu.” Then with a burst of Waffles. recklessness he added, “Yes, if I lose my “They did, d-n it!” exploded Bigfoot. job! But yu might sober that Greaser up One of the Kid's peculiarities was re if yu let him fall in th' horse-trough." vealed in the unreasoning and hasty con As the procession wended its way on its clusions he arrived at. From no desire to mission of wet charity, carrying the cook imply unfairness, but rather because of his in any manner at all, Frenchy waved his bitterness against failure of any kind and long-lost sombrero at Buck, who stood in his loyalty to Waffles, came his next words: the door, and shouted, “Yu old son-of-a- “Mebby they skinned yu." gun, I'm proud to know yu!" Like a flash Waffles sprang before him, Buck smiled and snapped his watch shut. his hand held up, palm out. “He don't “Time to amble,” he said. THE BUILDERS V. THE MEN OF THE UNTAMED DESERT BY RALPH D. PAINE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR Twas in the camp rescue party of freighters, so they left him of Bullfrog that in camp. He directed them as well as he Mitchell, the big, could, but the search was bootless, and brick-red mining Griffin, the carpenter of Bullfrog, was added man of Nevada, to the long list of desert victims. Several L told me his view months later a party of prospectors stum- of law on the bled, by chance, across what was left of desert: him. There were no traces of his outfit; “If you are he had thrown away his gun, his canteen prospecting with and his hat. One shoe was found thirty an unreasonable hog of a partner who feet from his body, and he had torn off and wants to eat three slices of bacon and half flung away most of his clothing. These a loaf of bread for breakfast, and lets the were the ghastly evidences of the last great canteen gurgle down his throat, while you fight he had made to struggle on. get along with a strip of bacon and just “When they're dying for water,” said moisten your lips when you take a drink, Mitchell, who knew the “desert game,” then you're all right if you kill him. I'd “they throw away everything until all kill him if there wasn't anything else to do. their clothes are gone, and you generally It's a tough game, and it's your life or his find them without a stitch on.” when you're lost or your grub-stake and To those who have not been in the Neva- water are giving out. da desert it seems almost incredible that These observations were suggested by men should wander there and die, a dozen the arrival in camp two days before of the or more every summer, and that others will bones of a prospector who had died of follow them and die of thirst in there so thirst some forty miles from Bullfrog dur long as there are inaccessible mountains ing the previous summer. He had been a to be searched for gold. Nor is it always carpenter, earning wages of eight dollars a the heedless prospector thai loses his life day in the new camps during the “boom, by daring the desert. I heard many of but the gold-fever led him away from this these stories while crossing this stretch of safe and profitable toil. He picked up a country, and passed more than one little partner, they loaded their burros and heap of lava fragments that marked the trailed off south toward the Death Valley grave of a victim of thirst, but that which country to prospect in the Funeral Range. made the most haunting impression ran as Three weeks after the desert swallowed follows: them up the partner wandered into a A prosperous mining man of Delamar, freighters' camp, half-crazed with thirst Nevada, started to drive from his home to and exhaustion. He was able to tell the Pioche, an old silver-mining camp which freighters that the carpenter was some was a large and tumultuous city thirty where out beyond, lost and without water, years ago. Pioche lay across an expanse too helpless to move. The partner was too of desert, but the driver had made the trip weak and fevered to go back with the many times and had no more thought of 429 430 The Outing Magazine A party was hastily equipped and the wheel tracks were followed until dark. Then a dry camp was made and the search was picked up on the following day. When they found the man only three days had elapsed since he left home. He was naked and stark mad. He became conscious for a little while, long enough to tell how the tragedy had happened, and he died soon after they carried him home, of thirst, fever and a shattered mind. "Why didn't he follow his wagon tracks back home?" said the man from Delamar who was reminded to tell the story. “It's most likely that he did try for a little way, and then he went off his head, just scared crazy at the bare thought of being lost on foot out there with no water in thirty or forty miles, and he figured that he could never make the distance, and that made him locoed. Or maybe he thought he saw a spring and lost the trail and couldn't find it again. The desert plays queer tricks with a man's thinkin' outfit.” When I was in Bullfrog last year a stage line had been recently put across a stretch of a hundred and twenty-five miles of this desert to connect the new gold camps with "Old Pop" Gilbert, the desert stage driver. the railroad which runs from Los Angeles to Salt Lake. It was a danger than if he were taking a train for hardy and venturesome enterprise, backed San Francisco. He had a good pair of by the Kimball Brothers, two young men horses and a buckboard in which he stowed of the stuff that men are made of in the a full canteen, food and a keg of water for new West. They came naturally by their his horses. With good luck he expected liking for the stage business, for their to cover the distance between daylight and father had been one of the partners in dark, and to return home next day. . It was the Overland Mail when Ben Holliday hardly worth saying good-by to his family. was making a new highway across the Somewhere out in the sand and sage continent. brush he got out of his buckboard, for what To set this desert enterprise going they purpose no one knows. It may have been had to establish supply and water stations, to adjust the harness, or to kill a rattle for in the route of a hundred and twenty- snake with his whip. By an almost incred five miles there were only two springs, and ible twist of fate it happened that he would not a human being except for the lonely have been a luckier man to jump from the ranchers that dwelt in these two little oases. deck of a liner into mid-ocean. His horses Three wells were driven so that water sta- took fright and ran away and left him. tions were about thirty miles apart, and They wandered into Delamar on the day by these wells were pitched the tents of the after, and the empty buckboard told the station keepers who fed and watered the town that disaster had overtaken the driver. change horses. The Builders 431 There was no way traffic, and the reve stir of its rough-clad, sunburned men in nues must come from the daily mail con the raw, new streets, and the noise of pick tract and the few passengers who went and blast in the prospect holes that bur- through to the gold camps or came out to rowed the slopes, to detach it from the life- the railroad at twenty-five dollars a head. less silence that broods over the desert. Whether or not the young men gained There were no other passengers for the profit by the enterprise, they were sure of stage, and the driver welcomed me like a the distinction of operating the loneliest long-lost brother, for he did not like to drive and most forbidding stage route in the his thirty-mile stretch alone. We passed United States. out through a gap in the mountains and When I decided to come out of Bullfrog they were just beginning to flush with the by this route, my acquaintances agreed singular glory of the desert dawn. In the that the idea was wholly asinine. wake of a shrouding haze of blue which "Go back to Goldfield in an automobile lingered briefly, came a crimson flush that and take a train for Reno," they chorused. touched first the crests of the mountains, “That stage trip to Las Vegas is the worst then stole swiftly down their sides, and the ever. Those who have lived through it day leaped into being. swear they'll die here of old age before While it was yet early morning we passed they'll try to escape the way they came in. through a tiny camp called Gold Center. It's the limit.” Gold had not been found there, and it was The project sounded so uncommonly the center of nothing except sand and moun- forbidding that it seemed well worth undertaking. Surely the kind of men who drove and supplied the stage line, as well as the wayfarers to be met along the route, were helping to build up the unpeopled places after their own solitary fashion, and they would be far more worth knowing than the com- monplace traveling acquaintances one is wont to make in the beaten ruts of railway journeying. The stage halted to pick me up at the Beatty Hotel in the Bull- frog District at five o'clock in the morning. The starlit night was yet chill with the windless and crystalline air that refreshes the desert when the sun has left it. A covered Concord wagon pulled by two horses came slowly up the tented street that was ankle deep in white alkali dust. Here and there a canvas wall glimmered from an early candle light within. The little camp, cud- died in the rugged arms of the mountains that locked it round about, seemed very lonely and almost forlorn, so far it was from the more permanent habitations of imen and women, so brave an out- post of a civilization that has almost outgrown this kind of pio- neering. It needed the talk and "Old Man" Crump, a battered soldier of fortune. 432 The Outing Magazine tains. It was, in a way, left stranded in the ebb of the roaring tide of the first rush a few months before when the vanguard of the invaders took it hilariously for grant- ed that gold must be everywhere in these mountains. The more rational settlements of Beatty and Bullfrog lay only a few miles away, yet Gold Center persisted in being, and, mira- bile dictu, misguided initiative was erect- ing a brewery in the camp, which was as far removed from malt and hops as it was possible to find this side of Hades. We stopped to pick up a passenger who was waiting at the canvas saloon fittingly named “The Last Chance." The driver in an ill-timed spirit of jest observed to the shaggy landlord: “How are things in Dead Center?” “Dead Center! hell!” indignantly snort- ed the leading citizen. “For two cents I'd pull you off that broken-down hearse and spill you all over Gold Center, which is booked to be the finest camp in the state of Nevada. Busted prospectors that have to drive stage to get a grub-stake mustn't come round here passing any gay remarks about 'Dead Center.'” The passenger was tactful enough to add no fuel to this blaze as he clambered into the wagon and shook the dust of Gold Cen- ter from his battered boots. He slumped into the collar of his faded overcoat beside the driver, and pulled down over his eyes a dilapidated soft hat which in itself was eloquent of many things suffered in desert wandering. He was a chunky, elderly man, with a blue eye, a flaming ruddiness of counte- nance and a thatch of tow hair which defied the onslaught of years to turn it gray. Ever and anon this“ Bill” Crump extracted a bottle from his pocket, offered it to the driver, who always refused with a melan- choly gesture, and drank therefrom a "slug to keep the chill off,” with a deftness which gave weight to his claim that he was a son of old Kentucky. They were an oddly contrasting pair, the stout and garrulous Crump and the driver, who was a lanky man with a subdued and even chastened air, as if life were bound to be a losing fight. Yet they were kindred spirits in that both had been rolling stones along the outer edge of civilization, and old age was over- taking them with naught to show for the long years except an amazing variety of experiences. Crump faced the future stoutly with a flamboyant courage, and you could picture in your mind's eye this battered, sturdy figure shaking his fist at fortune in city and camp and desert, always making the best of it and letting the morrow go hang. As for the stage driver, he was and would be a dreamer to the end, industrious, sober, but never making a winning fight against the realities, moving on with an air of resignation to find the vision still beyond his grasp. Crump had just quit a govern- ment surveying party with which he had been horse-wrangler for four months. The expedition was moving into Death Valley to make the first map of that unpleasant region, and Crump decided that he needed change of occupation. “I'm going to spend the winter in Lo, Angeles," he explained with his enduring bravado. “I need rest and change. I'm a furniture maker by trade. My chest of tools is in hock, but I'll get it out and make money and mix up with good people.” His versatility had included many years of driving stage. Indeed, he could rake up memories of stage routes in Texas forty years ago, but Heaven only knows how many things Crump had turned his hand to in the meantime. The driver had been fairly consistent as a miner “on and off” for twenty-five years. Last year he pros- pected in the desert for nine months and found nothing. Now he was full of a scheme to return to Alaska and outfit a party to trap for furs and incidentally look for gold. There was no chance of failure, he argued, and whoever should be bold enough to grub-stake him would inevitably reap a dazzling reward. He was driving stage only until he could turn miner again. He had seen the part- ners of his youth make great strikes, and become the millionaires of Utah and Col- orado. His own failures had not soured him. He was inclined to believe that every man got a square deal sooner or later, and his turn was coming, of course it was. Crump was not looking an inch beyond his florid nose, even when he talked so large about his plans for the winter, while the driver was continually dwelling with the visions that were as impalpable as the des- ert mirages. The Builders 433 When the sun swiftly climbed clear of the any disaster to outfit occurs, if the canteen curtaining mountains the desert began to runs dry, if a man should fall and break a swim in a glare of heat. To the right ran leg while prospecting in the valley, he the naked heights of the Charleston moun were wise to blow out his brains to avoid tains, while a few miles to the left was the lingering in slow torture. A veteran pros- grim Funeral Range, beyond which lay pector who had crossed Death Valley three Death Valley. Between these towering times, and was known among his fellows ranges stretched the desert, over which the as a man of unsurpassed physique, hardi- stage crawled like a fly on a whitewashed hood and experience, told me what he floor. Through a notch in the Funeral thought of the journey while we were in Range we could see across Death Valley to camp together in the desert: the mountains which lifted high on the “It's plumb foolishness to go into Death other side of it. There was something Valley with less than three or four men in inexpressibly forbidding and mysterious your party, and twelve to fifteen burros. about this view-point in the desert. Load four or five burros with hay and For Death Valley has been for long a barley for their own feed, three or four with fabled place in which have been focused canned stuff, flour and bacon, and at least many strange and dreadful stories, some of four with water, and then if you don't get them true. It is one of the hottest corners lost you will pull through all right. There's of the globe, because, while Bullfrog, only gold in there, though I don't take any thirty miles from the head of it, is four stock in Scotty and his mysterious mine. thousand feet above the sea, this narrow He's a four-flusher. There's prospectors valley between two mountain ranges drops ransacking the Death Valley country all to a depth below sea level. Therefore it the time, and you can't hide a rich mine becomes a furnace in which no air is stirring. this country any more than you can hide a It is perilous to life bed use good water can brick building in a town.” be found in only two or three places in a You cannot cross the Nevada desert length of more than a hundred miles, while without hearing much gossip about “Scot- there are many poison springs fatal to man ty,” he of the meteoric special trains and and beast. the colossal bluffs. A “busted cow punch- It is bad enough, in truth, without need er" with an exotic imagination, he has jug- of exaggerated pen pictures such as the gled fact and fancy until the shrewdest men western correspondent loves to paint. If in the Southwest lock horns in argument as A grizzled prospector on the sage-brush trail. Prospectors in the heart of the desert (a rarely truthful impression of this forbidding landscape). The plodding freight caravan making ten miles a day. A stage station thirty miles from nowhere. to whether “Scotty" has a mine in Death vanced under a grub-stake contract by a Valley or dreamed it. When I met him hypnotized New York banker, which funds he was coming out of the desert with a bag were to be used in developing the alleged of ore on a burro and the announcement: mining properties. “Scotty” refused to “I'm due to take a little whirl down the tell his backer where the mine was, and road. I'm going to bluff old Harriman out squandered all the money advanced, which of his boots. I'll bet him fifty thousand accounts for a good part of his flaming dollars I can beat him in a race from the prosperity. As a type of the vanishing coast to Chicago, me taking a special on the West, he makes a crudely picturesque fig- Santa Fé and that old figger-head pulling ure against the dull background of a tamed out on the Union Pacific. I'm afraid he'll civilization. take water. He's a counterfeit on the While the stage toiled through the sand level, he is. and the choking dust clouds at the depress- "They say l’ve killed fifteen men justing speed of three miles an hour, there to see 'em kick," continued “Scotty" as he moved in the far distance another pillar of cocked his hat over one eye. “It ain't so. alkali powder, heralding the approach of a I wouldn't do no such thing. They don't freight outfit. freight outfit. By-and-by there emerged know me. I fool 'em all. I've got a pair from this gray veil the long string of of glasses that can see fifty miles, and a gun eighteen mules, stepping out with brave that shoots five miles, and when they try and patient endurance, pulling the linked to trail me into the Valley I run blazers on trail wagons no more than ten or twelve 'em. I'm due for a little race down the miles in a day. The “mule-skinner" in pike behind an engine. Maybe I've got a the saddle of a wheeler and the “swamper” mine and maybe not. Maybe it's on Fur- trudging alongside exchanged quiet greet- nace Creek, in the Funeral Range, Death ing with the stage driver from the envelop- Valley, and maybe it's somewhere else, and ing fog : maybe I ain't got a cent." “How are you?” A bizarre figure of a man who harmo "All right, how are you?" nizes immensely well with the romantic mys "Pretty good. tery of Death Valley, “Scotty" has man The passing was like that of two ships at aged to find and somehow maintain the The freighters were ten days out notoriety that is dear to his soul. To my from Las Vegas. One trail wagon was knowledge he "blew in” on his "whirl' loaded with hay and water kegs, for they some six or eight thousand dollars ad must make dry camps between wells, and sea. 436 The Builders 437 they moved over the face of the desert with A change of drivers was made, and a a lonely deliberation that made an im white-bearded patriarch turned back with pression of large and patient self-reliance. us to drive over the same forty miles he had Scarcely anywhere in America could they just covered northward bound. be found outside of the desert. Nor will “When you get home," he chuckled as they linger much longer even here, for the he picked up the reins, “tell 'em you rode railroad is creeping along their trail and one stage with old Pop Gilbert, that crossed soon they will be of a piece with the other the plains with his dad way back in Fifty. relics of the genuinely “simple life" which We set out with ox teams to go from Illinois made a nation of a wilderness. to California and we were six months on the At noon we stopped at a tent where there way. Dad didn't like it out there, and was a driven well. The keeper of the sta being a sudden man he turned round and tion lived here with his wife, and there were trailed back to Illinois. I'm still pretty no other dwellers within thirty miles of chipper." them. Nothing grew around them but the He was a "chipper” veteran of the fron- sagebrush, nothing else could be made to tier, for after a conversation with the in- grow without water. There was not a tree vincible Crump and a pull at the black within a day's journey. But this cheerful, bottle, he became interested in the govern- kindly, gray-haired man and his motherly ment survey lately forsaken by this passen- wife said that they liked the desert. Per ger and asked: haps it was because their faces hinted that “S'pose there's a chance for me to get home and contentment are where the heart that job you throwed up? I like hosses, is. A stage each way within the twenty and Death Valley's one place where I hain't four hours, the occasional freight outfit or been. I don't mind hot weather. I'm a prospector that tarried for water-these desert lizard, and my hide's turned were their only visitors. There were no leather.” neighbors. Crump was discouraging, but · Pop” The heat beat down on their shadeless prattled for some time about missing this tents as from a furnace, and the uneasy chance to be baked alive in Death Valley. dust was always sifting into food and cloth- It seemed absurd that danger should men- ing and blankets. But their contentment ace along a trail rutted by the wheel tracks in each other and the inscrutable fascina of the stage, but in mid-afternoon we came tion of the desert had turned the edge of up with an unexpected suggestion of the their hardships. implacable hostility of these waste places. A lone prospector making camp. A desert watering place. The Builders 439 The stage had covered perhaps twenty miles these samples he proposed to save enough from the noon-time camp, and the next sta money from his wages to outfit in the tion lay about the same distance beyond. spring and return to his mountain solitude. A solitary man was staggering on ahead, Here was a man for you, who preached a reeling from one side of the trail to the concrete gospel of faith, hope and works. other, frequently halting to throw himself In the early evening we toiled througlı ſat on the sand and then more weakly a cañon or "wash,” and found a tent in- scrambling on. Far in advance, mere dots habited by a youth in charge of a “dry on the horizon, were three other figures on camp.” He was somewhat peevish as he foot. protested: Presently the voice of the derelict floated “I've watered your fresh team of horses, back in incoherent cries. He was so ab but they drunk every drop I had, and there sorbed in trying to overtake those far ahead ain't enough left to make a pot of coffee. of him that he paid no heed to the stage What am I going to do? If you don't send until it was beside him. Then he fell on me back a barrel from Indian Spring in the his knees with wild gestures and husky morning, I'm up against it hard. I ain't a pleadings in Spanish. It seemed that the kicker, but likewise I ain't a lizard to live vanishing dots beyond were companions without water.” with whom he had set out to walk from the Now the stage crept along over a rolling Bullfrog camps to the railroad. They had country in which the darkness conjured only two canteens among them, and since many delusions and phantasies. We al- leaving the last well their water had given ways seemed to be climbing the white trail out, and his strength had been the first to that streaked the night, even when the break. desert was tilting downward. One could They had pushed on in desperation, see, or thought he saw, houses, railroad leaving him to fall by the wayside, and as grades, even trains of cars. These were Crump expressed it, “the Greaser was all only the shadowed shapes of bleak buttes in.” The pitiable wretch was given a lift and uncouth fragments of landscape that in the stage, and a pull at the driver's big had been gashed by cloud-bursts tearing canteen. When his callous comrades were down from the distant mountain sides. The overtaken they were fluently cursed by old “Joshua trees,” distorted caricatures of man Crump in vivid Spanish, and their verdure, became clothed with an uncanny canteens were filled for them, after which vagueness of aspect. Their twisted, spiked the abandoned one was dumped among limbs took on the shapes of men who were them to shift for himself. crawling over the sand, or crouching in wait, Of a different metal was the old prospec or gesturing either in threat or appeal. All tor met a little while later. He was really sense of proportion had vanished with the an amazing figure of a man. Bent and daylight. One's eyes were no longer to partly crippled with rheumatism, he was be relied upon. A low-hung star, barely trudging along alone, with no burros, and veiled behind the ragged crest of a moun- not even a blanket on his back. He had tain “wash,” cast an upward reflection not a cent in his pocket, and his outfit con which so well mimicked the glow of a dis- sisted of a canteen and a paper parcel of tant camp fire that a lost tenderfoot would bacon and biscuit given him by a generous have struggled toward it, believing help freighter. While we stopped to breathe the horses in the sand, which made walking Long after midnight we came to whis- like pulling through a heavy snow, the old pering trees around a spring, the first oasis man made cheerful chat with us. He had in twenty hours of travel from Bullfrog, been working a claim in the Funeral Range and as grateful a resting place as ever the through the summer, and his grub-stake school-day geographies pictured of a palm- having run out, he was footing it into the fringed well in the Sahara. Water had mining camps to look for work to tide him done a miracle here, and when we pushed over the winter. He pulled a few chunks on at daylight after a few hours’ sleep of rock from his pockets, gazed at them in a tent, green fields and pastured cat- with an expression of the most radiant con tle were glimpsed, and the growing crops fidence, and said that on the strength of that sweetly contrasted with the desolation was near. The Builders 441 The men who have been the scouts in the creative, for wealth is made where there invasion of the desert, the hardy, patient was none before, and magnificent oppor- pioneers of the gold camps, the prospecting tunity offered for independent and self- outfit, the freight wagons and the stage reliant livelihood to those who seek it. lines, bulk big among the builders of this When one has seen the desert at close part of the West. Behind them, however, range, and then views the great beginnings there will flock a population which will make of its redemption by means of water, he its permanent settlement even in such a becomes impressed with the fact that there hopeless-looking desert as I have tried are two sides to the “Mormon question." briefly to picture. Their wagon trains marked the path for the The irrigation work of the national gov first survey of the first transcontinental ernment has made its first great conquest railroad. And they pushed on into and in this same Nevada. Into this parched claimed for their own a territory so for- sand and sage brush the water was turned bidding that other pioneers shunned it as last year from the works of the “Carson they would the shadow of death. and Truckee Project.” It was the most Before the sun had set on the second day important event in the history of the state, of the Mormon camp in the Salt Lake val- of more lasting value even than the discov- ley, work had begun on the first irrigation ery of the Comstock lode. From the mass ditch ever constructed by Anglo-Saxon ive masonry dam constructed to hold the hands. waters of the Truckee River, the blessed The teeming mining camp may pass. flow was turned over fifty thousand acres. Nevada is a graveyard of dead camps. In This was the first completed section of a the seventies Virginia, Pioche, Belmont, plan which is to irrigate almost a million Jefferson, Ely, flaunted what they believed acres of desert. This means, within a few was inexhaustible mineral wealth. Their years, fifty-acre farms for twenty thousand streets roared with life and activity, their families, on which they are certain of large hills echoed to the thunder of stamp mills and profitable crops. It means also new and hoisting engines. Their streets hold towns and cities to supply this great farm a hundred people where once fifteen thou- ing community with the products of the sand toiled and planned and hoped. Their mills and mines and factories of the coun smelters, furnaces and tall chimneys are try, east and west. rusted and forlorn. But the water that is More than that, it means a new popula- turned into the desert brings with it an tion of perhaps two hundred thousand souls enduring prosperity that will eclipse all the and a prosperous principality added to the present-day gold-bearing of Tonapah and greatness of the Union. It is all purely Bullfrog. (To be continued.) An oasis. SCENES FROM THE "REAL COUNTRY," BY R. R. SALLOWS And Grandma thinks it strange that the hens don't lay. 1. SCENES FROM THE "REAL COUNTRY" II. When the sun is hot at the "swimmin' pool." so may SCENES FROM THE “REAL COUNTRY" III. How to fish the old mill-pond without working. 5 SCENES FROM THE “REAL COUNTRY IV. The "old folks" still boil their own soft-soap. SCENES FROM THE REAL COUNTRY" V. “Experience and a frying-pan can do pretty nigh anything." - -- 1 1 . SCENES FROM THE REAL COUNTRY". VI. The summer song of the scythe and whetstone. Drawing by Frank E. Schoonover. "White Fang's free nature flashed forth again, and he sank his teeth into the moccasined foot." WHITE FANG* BY JACK LONDON ILLUSTRATED BY FRANK E, SCHOONOVER PART III.-THE GODS OF THE WILD THE MAKERS OF FIRE T' warm. CHAPTER 1 eyes, but out of the eyes of all his ancestors was the cub now looking upon man--out of eyes that had circled in the darkness HE cub came upon it suddenly. It around countless winter camp fires, that was his own fault. He had been had peered from safe distances and from careless. He had left the cave and the hearts of thickets at the strange, two- run down to the stream to drink. It might legged animal that was lord over living have been that he took no notice because things. The spell of the cub's heritage was he was heavy with sleep. (He had been upon him—the fear and the respect born out all night on the meat-trail, and had but of the centuries of struggle and the accumu- just then awakened.) And his carelessness lated experience of the generations. The might have been due to the familiarity of heritage was too compelling for a wolf that the trail to the pool. He had traveled it was only a cub. Had he been full grown often, and nothing had ever happened on it. he would have run away. As it was, he He went down past the blasted pine, cowered down in a paralysis of fear, already crossed the open space and trotted in half proffering the submission that his kind amongst the trees. Then, at the same in had proffered from the first time a wolf stant, he saw and smelt. Before him, sit came in to sit by man's fire and be made ting silently on their haunches, were five live things, the like of which he had never One of the Indians arose and walked over seen before. It was his first glimpse of to him and stooped above him. The cub mankind. But at the sight of him the five cowered closer to the ground. It was the men did not spring to their feet, nor show unknown, objectified at last, in concrete their teeth, nor snarl. They did not move, flesh and blood, bending over him and but sat there, silent and ominous. reaching down to seize hold of him. His Nor did the cub move. Every instinct hair bristled involuntarily; his lips writhed of his nature would have impelled him to back and his little fangs were bared. The dash wildly away, had there not suddenly hand, poised like doom above him, hesi- and for the first time arisen in him another tated, and the man spoke laughing, “Wa- and counter instinct. A great awe de bam wabisca ip pit tah.” (“Look! The scended upon him. He was beaten down white fangs!") to movelessness by an overwhelming sense The other Indians laughed loudly, and of his own weakness and littleness. Here urged the man on to pick up the cub. was mastery and power, something far and the hand descended closer and closer, there away beyond him. raged within the cub a battle of the in- The cub had never seen man, yet the in stincts. He experienced two great impul- stinct concerning man was his. In dim ways sions—to yield and to fight. The resulting he recognized in man the animal that had action was a compromise. He did both. fought itself to primacy over the other ani He yielded till the hand almost touched mals of the wild. Not alone out of his own him. Then he fought, his teeth flashing * Copyright, 1905, by Jack London. in a snap that sank them into the hand. As 449 450 The Outing Magazine The next moment he received a clout along she only crouched closer. She did not side the head that knocked him over on his snap, nor threaten to snap. The other side. Then all fight fled out of him. His men came up and surrounded her, and felt puppyhood and the instinct of submission her and pawed her, which actions she took charge of him. He sat up on his made no attempt to resent. They were haunches and ki-yi’d. But the man whose greatly excited, and made many noises hand he had bitten was angry. The cub with their mouths. These noises were not received a clout on the other side of his indications of danger, the cub decided, as head. Whereupon he sat up and ki-yi’d he crouched near his mother, still bristling louder than ever. from time to time, but doing his best to The four Indians laughed more loudly, submit. while even the man who had been bitten “It is not strange,” an Indian was say- began to laugh. They surrounded the cub ing. “Her father was a wolf. It is true, and laughed at him, while he wailed out his her mother was a dog; but did not my terror and his hurt. In the midst of it he brother tie her out in the woods all of three heard something. The Indians heard it, nights in the mating season? Therefore too. But the cub knew what it was, and was the father of Kiche a wolf.” with a last, long wail that had in it more of “It is a year, Gray Beaver, since she ran triumph than grief, he ceased his noise and away,” spoke a second Indian. waited for the coming of his mother, of "It is not strange, Salmon Tongue, his ferocious and indomitable mother, who Gray Beaver answered. “It was the time fought and killed all things and was never of the famine, and there was no meat for afraid. She was snarling as she ran. She the dogs.” had heard the cry of her cub and was dash “She has lived with the wolves,” said a ing to save him. third Indian. She bounded in amongst them, her "So it would seem, Three Eagles,” Gray anxious and militant motherhood making Beaver answered, laying his hand on the her anything but a pretty sight. But to cub; "and this be the sign of it.” the cub the spectacle of her protective rage The cub snarled a little at the touch of was pleasing. He uttered a glad little cry the hand, and the hand flew back to admin- and bounded to meet her, while the man ister a clout. Whereupon the cub covered animals went back hastily several steps. his fangs and sank down submissively, The she-wolf stood over against her cub, while the hand, returning, rubbed behind facing the men, with bristling hair, a snarl his ears and up and down his back. rumbling deep in her throat. Her face was “This be the sign of it,” Gray Beaver distorted and malignant with menace, went on. “It is plain that his mother is the bridge of the nose wrinkling from tip to Kiche. But his father was a wolf. Where- eyes, so prodigious was her snarl. fore is there in him little dog and much Then it was that a cry went up from one wolf. His fangs be white, and White Fang of the men. “Kiche!” was what he ut shall be his name. I have spoken. He is tered. It was an exclamation of surprise. my dog. For was not Kiche my brother's The cub felt his mother wilting at the dog? And is not 'my brother dead?” sound. The cub, who had thus received a name “Kiche!" the man cried again, this time in the world, lay and watched. For a time with sharpness and authority. the man-animals continued to make their And then the cub saw his mother, the mouth-noises. Then Gray Beaver took a she-wolf, the fearless one, crouching down knife from a sheath that hung around his till her belly touched the ground, whimper neck, and went into the thicket and cut a ing, wagging her tail, making peace signs. stick. White Fang watched him. He The cub could not understand. He was notched the stick at each end and in the appalled. The awe of man rushed over notches fastened strings of rawhide. One him again. His instinct had been true. string he tied around the throat of Kiche. His mother verified it. She, too, rendered Then he led her to a small pine, around submission to the man-animals. which he tied the other string. The man who had spoken came over to White Fang followed and lay down be- her. He put his hand upon her head, and sid her. Salmon Tongue's hand reached en White Fang 451 out to him and rolled him over on his back. mother. There was a rush. White Fang Kiche looked on anxiously. White Fang bristled and snarled and snapped in the felt fear mounting in him again. He could face of the open-mouthed, oncoming wave not quite suppress a snarl, but he made of dogs, and went down and under them, no offer to snap. The hand, with fingers feeling the sharp slash of teeth in his body, crooked and spread apart, rubbed his stom himself biting and tearing at the legs and ach in a playful way and rolled him from bellies above him. There was a great up- side to side. It was ridiculous and un roar. He could hear the snarl of Kiche as gainly, lying there on his back with legs she fought for him; and he could hear the sprawling in the air. Besides, it was a cries of the man-animals, the sound of clubs position of such utter helplessness that striking upon bodies, and the yelps of pain White Fang's whole nature revolted against from the dogs so struck. it. He could do nothing to defend him Only a few seconds elapsed before he was self. If this man-animal intended harm, on his feet again. He could now see the White Fang knew that he could not escape man-animals driving back the dogs with it. How could he spring away with his clubs and stones, defending him, saving four legs in the air above him? Yet sub him from the savage teeth of his kind that mission made him master his fear, and he isomehow was not his kind. And though only growled softly. This growl he could there was no reason in his brain for a clear not suppress; nor did the man-animal re conception of so abstract a thing as justice, sent it by giving him a blow on the head. nevertheless, in his own way, he felt the And furthermore, such was the strangeness justice of the man-animals, and he knew of it, White Fang experienced an unac them for what they were, makers of law countable sensation of pleasure as the hand and executors of law. Also, he appre- rubbed back and forth. When he was ciated the power with which they admin- rolled on his side he ceased the growl; when istered the law. Unlike any animals he the fingers pressed and prodded at the base had ever encountered, they did not bite nor of his ears the pleasurable sensation in claw. They enforced their live strength creased; and when, with a final rub and with the power of dead things. Dead scratch, the man left him alone and went things did their bidding. Thus, sticks and away, all fear had died out of White Fang. stones, directed by these strange creatures, He was to know fear many times in his deal- leaped through the air like living things, ings with man; yet it was a token of the inflicting grievous hurts upon the dogs. fearless companionship with man that was To his mind this was power unusual, ultimately to be his. power inconceivable and beyond the natu- After a time White Fang heard strange ral, power that was godlike. White Fang, noises approaching. He was quick in his in the very nature of him, could never classification, for he knew them at once for know anything about gods; at the best he man-animal noises. A few minutes later could know only things that were beyond the remainder of the tribe, strung out as it knowing; but the wonder and awe that he was on the march, trailed in. There were had of these man-animals in ways resembled more men and many women and children, what would be the wonder and awe of man forty souls of them, and all heavily bur at sight of some celestial creature, on a dened with camp equipage and outfit. mountain top, hurling thunderbolts from Also, there were many dogs; and these, either hand at an astonished world. with the exception of the part-grown pup The last dog had been driven back. The pies, were likewise burdened with camp hubbub died down. And White Fang outfit. On their backs, in bags that fast licked his hurts and meditated upon this, ened tightly around underneath, the dogs his first taste of pack cruelty, and his in- carried from twenty to thirty pounds of troduction to the pack. He had never weight. dreamed that his own kind consisted of White Fang had never seen dogs before, more than One Eye, his mother and him- but at sight of them he felt that they were self. They had constituted a kind apart, his own kind, only somehow different. But and here, abruptly, he had discovered they displayed little difference from the many more creatures apparently of his own wolf when they discovered the cub and his kind. And there was a sub-conscious re- 452 The Outing Magazine sentment that these, his kind, at first sight eyes warily upon them, and prepared to had pitched upon him and tried to destroy spring away if they attempted to precipi- him. In the same way he resented his tate themselves upon him. mother being tied with a stick, even though But in a short while his fear of the tepees it was done by the superior man-animals. passed away. He saw the women and It savored of the trap, of bondage. Yet of children passing in and out of them with- the trap and of bondage he knew nothing. out harm, and he saw the dogs trying often Freedom to roam and run and lie down at to get into them and being driven away will had been his heritage; and here it was with sharp words and flying stones. After being infringed upon. His mother's move a time, he left Kiche's side and crawled ments were restricted to the length of a cautiously toward the wall of the nearest stick, and by the length of that same stick tepee. It was the curiosity of growth that was he restricted, for he had not yet got be- urged him on-the necessity of learning and yond the need of his mother's side. living and doing that brings experience. He did not like it. Nor did he like it The last few inches to the wall of the tepee when the man-animals arose and went on were crawled with painful slowness and with their march; for a tiny man-animal precaution. The day's events had pre- took the other end of the stick and led pared him for the unknown to manifest Kiche captive behind him, and behind itself in most stupendous and unthinkable Kiche followed White Fang, greatly per ways. At last his nose touched the canvas. turbed and worried by this new adventure He waited. Nothing happened. Then he he had entered upon. smelled the strange fabric, saturated with They went down the valley of the stream, the man-smell. He closed on the canvas far beyond White Fang's widest ranging, with his teeth and gave a gentle tug. until they came to the end of the valley, Nothing happened, though the adjacent where the stream ran into the Mackenzie portions of the tepee moved. He tugged River. Here, where canoes were cached harder. There was a greater movement. on poles high in the air and where stood It was delightful. He tugged still harder fish racks for the drying of fish, camp was and repeatedly until the whole tepee was made; and White Fang looked on with in motion. Then the sharp cry of a squaw wondering eyes. The superiority of these inside sent him scampering back to Kiche. man-animals increased with every moment. But after that he was afraid no more of the There was their mastery over all these looming bulks of the tepees. sharp-fanged dogs. It breathed of power. A moment later he was straying away But greater than that, to the wolf-cub, was again from his mother. Her stick was tied their mastery over things not alive; their to a peg in the ground and she could not capacity to communicate motion to un follow him. A part-grown puppy, some- moving things; their capacity to change what larger and older than he, came toward the very face of the world. him slowly, with ostentatious and belliger- It was this last that especially affected ent importance. The puppy's name, as him. The elevation of frames of poles White Fang was afterward to hear him caught his eye; yet this in itself was not so called, was Lip-lip. He had had experience remarkable, being done by the same crea in puppy fights and was already something tures that flung sticks and stones to great of a bully. distances. But when the frames of poles Lip-lip was White Fang's own kind, and, were made into tepees by being covered being only a puppy, did not seem danger- with cloth and skins, White Fang was as ous; so White Fang prepared to meet him tounded. It was the colossal bulk of them in friendly spirit. But when the stranger's that impressed him. They arose around walk became stiff-legged and his lips lifted him on every side like some monstrous, clear of his teeth, White Fang stiffened too, quick-growing form of life. They occupied and answered with lifted lips. They half nearly the whole circumference of his field circled about each other tentatively, snarl- of vision. He was afraid of them. They ing and bristling. This lasted several min- loomed ominously above him; and when utes, and White Fang was beginning to the breeze stirred them into huge move enjoy it, as a sort of game. But suddenly, ments he cowered down in fear, keeping his with remarkable swiftness, Lip-lip leaped White Fang 453 in, delivered a slashing snap, and leaped bursting out in an astonished explosion of away again. The snap had taken effect on ki-yi's. At the sound, Kiche leaped snarl- the shoulder that had been hurt by the ing to the end of her stick, and there raged lynx and that was still sore deep down near terribly because she could not come to his the bone. The surprise and hurt of it aid. But Gray Beaver laughed loudly, and brought a yelp out of White Fang; but the slapped his thighs, and told the happening next moment, in a rush of anger, he was to all the rest of the camp, till everybody upon Lip-lip and snapping viciously. was laughing uproariously. But White But Lip-lip had lived his life in camp and Fang sat on his haunches and ki-yi'd and had fought many puppy fights. Three ki-yi'd, a forlorn and pitiable little figure times, four times, and half a dozen times in the midst of the man-animals. his sharp little teeth scored on the new It was the worst hurt he had ever known. comer, until White Fang, yelping shame Both nose and tongue had been scorched lessly, fled to the protection of his mother. by the live thing, sun-colored, that had It was the first of the many fights he was to grown up under Gray Beaver's hands. He have with lip-lip, for they were enemies cried and cried interminably, and every from the start, born so, with natures des fresh wail was greeted by bursts of laughter tined perpetually to clash. on the part of the man-animals. He tried Kiche licked White Fang soothingly with to soothe his nose with his tongue, but the her tongue, and tried to prevail upon him tongue was burnt, too, and the two hurts to remain with her. But his curiosity coming together produced greater hurt; was rampant, and several minutes later he whereupon he cried more hopelessly and was venturing forth on a new quest. He helplessly than ever. came upon one of the man-animals, Gray And then shame came to him. He knew Beaver, who was squatting on his hams and laughter and the meaning of it. It is not doing something with sticks and dry moss given us to know how some animals know spread before him on the ground. White laughter and know when they are being Fang came near to him and watched. Gray laughed at; but it was this same way that Beaver made mouth-noises which White White Fang knew it. And he felt shame Fang interpreted as not hostile, so he came that the man-animals should be laughing still nearer. at him. He turned and fled away, not Women and children were carrying more from the hurt of the fire, but from the sticks and branches to Gray Beaver. It laughter that sank even deeper and hurt was evidently an affair of moment. White in the spirit of him. And he fled to Kiche, Fang came in until he touched Gray Bea raging at the end of her stick like an animal ver's knee, so curious was he and already gone mad—to Kiche, the one creature in forgetful that this was a terrible man-ani the world who was not laughing at him. mal. Suddenly he saw a strange thing like Twilight drew down and night came on, mist beginning to arise from the sticks and and White Fang lay by his mother's side. moss beneath Gray Beaver's hands. Then, His nose and tongue still hurt, but he was amongst the sticks themselves, appeared perplexed by a greater trouble. He was a live thing, twisting and turning, of a color homesick. He felt a vacancy in him, a like the color of the sun in the sky. White need for the hush and quietude of the Fang knew nothing about fire. It drew stream and the cave in the cliff. Life had him as the light in the mouth of the cave become too populous. There were so many had drawn him in his early puppyhood. of the man-animals, men, women and chil- He crawled the several steps toward the dren, all making noises and irritations. flame. He heard Gray Beaver chuckle And there were the dogs, ever squabbling above him, and he knew the sound was not and bickering, bursting into uproars and hostile. Then his nose touched the flame, creating confusions. The restful loneliness and at the same instant his little tongue of the only life he had known was gone. went out to it. Here the very air was palpitant with life. For a moment he was paralyzed. The It hummed and buzzed unceasingly. Con- unknown, lurking in the midst of the tinually changing its intensity and abruptly sticks and moss, was savagely clutching variant in pitch, it impinged on his nerves him by the nose. He scrambled backward, and senses, made him nervous and restless 454 The Outing Magazine THE BONDAGE and worried him with a perpetual immi tial, passionate and wrathful and loving, nence of happening. god and mystery and power all wrapped He watched the man-animals coming and up and around by flesh that bleeds when going and moving about the camp. In it is torn and that is good to eat like any fashion distantly resembling the way men flesh. look upon the gods they create, so looked And so it was with White Fang. The White Fang upon the man-animals before man-animals were gods unmistakable and him. They were superior creatures, of a unescapable. As his mother, Kiche, had verity gods. To his dim comprehension rendered her allegiance to them at the first they were as much wonder-workers as gods cry of her name, so he was beginning to are to men. They were creatures of mas render his allegiance. He gave them the tery, possessing all manner of unknown and trail as a privilege indubitably theirs. impossible potencies, overlords of the alive When they walked, he got out of their way. and the not alive — making obey that When they called, he came. When they which moved, imparting movement to that threatened, he cowered down. When they which did not move, and making life, sun commanded him to go, he went away hur- colored and biting life, to grow out of dead riedly For behind any wish of theirs was moss and wood. They were fire-makers! power to enforce that wish, power that They were gods! hurt, power that expressed itself in clouts and clubs, in flying stones and stinging lashes of whips. CHAPTER II He belonged to them as all dogs belonged to them. His actions were theirs to com- mand. His body was theirs to maul, to The days were thronged with experience stamp upon, to tolerate. Such was the for White Fang. During the time that lesson that was quickly borne in upon him. Kiche was tied by the stick, he ran about It came hard, going as it did counter to over all the camp, inquiring, investigating much that was strong and dominant in his learning. He quickly came to know much own nature; and, while he disliked it in of the ways of the man-animals, but famil the learning of it, unknown to himself he iarity did not breed contempt. The more was learning to like it. It was a placing he came to know them, the more they vin of his destiny in another's hands, a shifting dicated their superiority, the more they of the responsibilities of existence. This displayed their mysterious powers, the in itself was compensation, for it is always greater loomed their god-likeness. easier to lean upon another than to stand To man has been given the grief, often, alone. of seeing his gods overthrown and his altars But it did not all happen in a day, this crumbling; but to the wolf and the wild giving over of himself, body and soul, to dog that have come in to crouch at man's the man-animals. He could not immedi- feet this grief has never come. Unlike ately forego his wild heritage and his mem- man, whose gods are of the unseen and the ories of the wild. There were days when over-guessed, vapors and mists of fancy he crept to the edge of the forest and stood eluding the garmenture of reality, wander and listened to something calling him far ing wraiths of desired goodness and power, And always he returned, rest- intangible out-croppings of self into the less and uncomfortable, to whimper softly realm of spirit-unlike man, the wolf and and wistfully at Kiche's side and to lick the wild dog that have come in to the fire her face with eager, questioning tongue. find their gods in the living flesh, solid to Whi e Fang learned rapidly the ways of the touch, occupying earth-space and re the camp. He knew the injustice and greed- quiring time for the accomplishment of iness of the older dogs when meat or fish their ends and their existence. No effort was thrown out to be eaten. He came to of faith is necessary to believe in such a know that men were more just, children god; no effort of will can possibly induce more cruel, and women more kindly and disbelief in such a god. There is no getting more likely to toss him a bit of meat or away from it. There it stands, on its two bone. And after two or three painful ad- hind legs, club in hand, immensely poten ventures with the mothers of part-grown and away. White Fang 455 He was puppies, he came into the knowledge that tion that he played his first really big it was always good policy to let such moth- crafty game and got therefrom his first taste ers alone, to keep away from them as far of revenge. As Kiche, when with the as possible, and to avoid them when he wolves, had lured out to destruction dogs saw them coming. from the camps of men, so White Fang, But the bane of his life was Lip-lip. in manner somewhat similar, lured Lip- Larger, older and stronger, Lip-lip had lip into Kiche's avenging jaws. Retreating selected White Fang for his special object before Lip-lip, White Fang made an in- of persecution. White Fang fought will direct flight that led in and out and around ingly enough, but he was outclassed. His the various tepees of 'the camp. enemy was too big. Lip-lip became a a good runner, swifter than any puppy of nightmare to him. Whenever he ventured his size, and swifter than Lip-lip. But he away from his mother, the bully was sure did not run his best in this chase. He to appear, trailing at his heels, snarling at barely held his own, one leap ahead of his him, picking upon him, and watchful of an pursuer. opportunity, when no man-animal was Lip-lip, excited by the chase and by the near, to spring upon him and force a fight. persistent nearness of his victim, forgot As Lip-lip invariably won, he enjoyed it caution and locality. When he remem- hugely. It became his chief delight in life, bered locality, it was too late. Dashing at as it became White Fang's chief torment. top speed around a tepee, he ran full tilt But the effect upon White Fang was not into Kiche lying at the end of her stick. to cow him. Though he suffered most of He gave one yelp of consternation, and the damage and was always defeated, his then her punishing jaws closed upon him. spirit remained unsubdued. Yet a bad She was tied, but he could not get away effect was produced. He became malig- from her easily. She rolled him off his nant and morose. His temper had been legs so that he could not run, while she re- savage by birth, but it became more savage peatedly ripped and slashed him with her under this unending persecution. The gen- fangs. ial, playful, puppyish side of him found When at last he succeeded in rolling clear little expression. He never played and of her, he crawled to his feet, badly dis- gamboled about with the other puppies of heveled, hurt both in body and in spirit. the camp. Lip-lip would not permit it. His hair was standing out all over him in The moment White Fang appeared near tufts where her teeth had mauled. He them Lip-lip was upon him, bullying and stood where he had arisen, opened his hectoring him, or fighting with him until mouth, and broke out the long, heart- he had driven him away. broken puppy wail. But even this he was The effect of all this was to rob White not allowed to complete. In the middle Fang of much of his puppyhood and to of it White Fang, rushing in, sank his make him in his comportment older than teeth into Lip-lip's hind leg. There was his age. Denied the outlet, through play, no fight left in Lip-lip, and he ran away of his energies, he recoiled upon himself and shamelessly, his victim hot on his heels and developed his mental processes. He be worrying him all the way back to his own came cunning; he had idle time in which tepee. Here the squaws came to his aid, to devote himself to thoughts of trickery. and White Fang, transformed into a rag- Prevented from obtaining his share of meat ing demon, was finally driven off only by and fish when a general feed was given to a fusillade of stones. the camp dogs, he became a clever thief. Came the day when Gray Beaver, de- He had to forage for himself, and he foraged ciding that the liability of her running well, though he was ofttimes a plague to away was past, released Kiche. White the squaws in consequence. He learned to Fang was delighted with his mother's free- sneak about camp, to be crafty, to know dom. He accompanied her joyfully about what was going on everywhere, to see and the camp; and, so long as he remained to hear everything and to reason accord close by her side, Lip-lip kept a respectful ingly, and successfully to devise ways and distance. White Fang even bristled up to means of avoiding his implacable persecu him and walked stiff-legged, but Lip-lip tor. It was early in the days of his persecu ignored the challenge. He was no fool 456 The Outing Magazine himself, and whatever vengeance he de cartridges and Kiche went to pay the sired to wreak could wait until he caught debt. White Fang saw his mother taken White Fang alone. aboard Three Eagles' canoe, and tried to Later on that day, Kiche and White follow her. A blow from Three Eagles Fang strayed into the edge of the woods knocked him backward to the land. The next to the camp. He had led his mother canoe shoved off. He sprang into the there, step by step, and now, when she water and swam after it, deaf to the sharp stopped, he tried to inveigle her farther. cries of Gray Beaver to return. Even a The stream, the lair and the quiet woods man-animal, a god, White Fang ignored, were calling to him, and he wanted her to such was the terror he was in of losing his come. He ran on a few steps, stopped, mother. and looked back. She had not moved. But gods are accustomed to being obeyed, He whined pleadingly, and scurried play- and Gray Beaver wrathfully launched a fully in and out of the underbrush. He ran canoe in pursuit. When he overtook back to her, licked her face, and ran on White Fang, he reached down and by the again. And still she did not move. He nape of the neck lifted him clear of the stopped and regarded her, all of an intent water. He did not deposit him at once in ness and eagerness, physically expressed, the bottom of the canoe. Holding him that slowly faded out of him as she turned suspended with one hand, with the other her head and gazed back at the camp. hand he proceeded to give him a beating. There was something calling to him out And it was a beating. His hand was heavy. there in the open. · His mother heard it, Every blow was shrewd to hurt; and he too. But she heard also that other and delivered a multitude of blows. louder call, the call of the fire and of man Impelled by the blows that rained upon the call which has been given alone of all him, now from this side, now from that, animals to the wolf to answer, to the wolf White Fang swung back and forth like an and the wild dog, who are brothers. erratic and jerky pendulum. Varying were Kiche turned and slowly trotted back the emotions that surged through him. At toward camp. Stronger than the physical first he had known surprise. Then came a restraint of the stick was the clutch of the momentary fear, when he yelped several camp upon her. Unseen and occultly, the times to the impact of the hand. But this gods still gripped with their power and was quickly followed by anger. His free would not let her go. White Fang sat nature asserted itself, and he showed his down in the shadow of a birch and whim teeth and snarled fearlessly in the face of pered softly. There was a strong smell of the wrathful god. This but served to make pine, and subtle wood fragrances filled the the god more wrathful. The blows came air, reminding him of his old life of freedom faster, heavier, more shrewd to hurt. before the days of his bondage. But he Gray Beaver continued to beat, White was still only a part-grown puppy, and Fang continued to snarl. But this could stronger than the call either of man or of not last forever. One or the other must the Wild, was the call of his mother. All give over, and that one was White Fang. the hours of his short life he had depended Fear surged through him again. For the upon her. The time was yet to come for first time he was being really man-handled. independence. So he arose and trotted The occasional blows of sticks and stones he forlornly back to camp, pausing once, and had previously experienced were as caresses twice, to sit down and whimper and to compared with this. He broke down and listen to the call that still sounded in the began to cry and yelp. For a time each depths of the forest. blow brought a yelp from him; but fear In the Wild the time of a mother with passed into terror, until finally his yelps her young is short; but under the dominion were voiced in unbroken succession, un- of man it is sometimes even shorter. Thus connected with the rhythm of the punish- it was with White Fang. Gray Beaver ment. At last Gray Beaver withheld his was in the debt of Three Eagles. Three hand. White Fang, hanging limply, con- Eagles was going away on a trip up the tinued to cry. This seemed to satisfy his Mackenzie to the Great Slave Lake. A master, who flung him down roughly in the strip of scarlet cloth, a bearskin, twenty bottom of the canoe. In the meantime White Fang 457 the canoe had drifted down the stream. the edge of the woods by himself, he gave Gray Beaver picked up the paddle. White rein to his grief, and cried it out with loud Fang was in his way. He spurned him say whimperings and wailings. agely with his foot. In that moment White It was during this period that he might Fang's free nature flashed forth again, and have hearkened to the memories of the he sank his teeth into the moccasined foot. lair and the stream and run back to the The beating that had gone before was as Wild. But the memory of his mother held nothing compared with the beating he now him. As the hunting man-animals went received. Gray Beaver's wrath was ter out and came back, so she would come rible; likewise was White Fang's fright. back to the village some time. So he re- Not only the hand, but the hard wooden mained in his bondage, waiting for her. paddle was used upon him; and he was But it was not altogether an unhappy bruised and sore in all his small body when bondage. There was much to interest him. he was again flung down in the canoe. Something was always happening. There Again, and this time with purpose, did was no end to the strange things these gods Gray Beaver kick him. White Fang did did, and he was always curious to see. Be- not repeat his attack on the foot. He had sides, he was learning how to get along with learned another lesson of his bondage. Gray Beaver. Obedience--rigid, undevi- Never, no matter what the circumstance, ating obedience, was what was exacted of must he dare to bite the god who was lord him; and in return he escaped beatings and and master over him; the body of the lord his existence was tolerated. and master was sacred, not to be defiled by Nay, Gray Beaver himself sometimes the teeth of such as he. That was evidently tossed him a piece of meat, and defended the crime of crimes, the one offense there him against the other dogs in the eating was no condoning nor overlooking. of it. And such a piece of meat was of When the canoe touched the shore, White value. It was worth more, in some strange Fang lay whimpering and motionless, wait way, than a dozen pieces of meat from ing the will of Gray Beaver. It was Gray the hand of a squaw. Gray Beaver never Beaver's will that he should go ashore, for petted nor caressed. Perhaps it was the ashore he was flung, striking heavily on his weight of his hand, perhaps his justice, per- side and hurting his bruises afresh. He haps the sheer power of him, and perhaps crawled tremblingly to his feet and stood it was all these things that influenced White whimpering. Lip-lip, who had watched Fang; for a certain tie of attachment was the whole proceeding from the bank, now forming between him and his surly lord. rushed upon him, knocking him over and Insidiously and by remote ways, as well sinking his teeth into him. White Fang as by the power of stick and stone and was too helpless to defend himself, and it clout of hand, were the shackles of White would have gone hard with him had not Fang's bondage being riveted upon him. Gray Beaver's foot shot out, lifting Lip-lip The qualities in his kind that in the begin- into the air with its violence so that he ning made it possible for them to come in smashed down to earth a dozen feet away. to the fires of men were qualities capable This was the man-animal's justice; and of development. They were developing even then, in his own pitiable plight, White in him, and the camp life, replete with Fang experienced a little grateful thrill. misery as it was, was secretly endearing At Gray Beaver's heels he limped obedi itself to him all the time. But White Fang ently through the village to the tepee. was unaware of it. He knew only grief for And so it came that White Fang learned the loss of Kiche, hope for her return and that the right to punish was something the a hungry yearning for the free life that had gods reserved for themselves and denied been his. to the lesser creatures under them. That night, when all was still, White CHAPTER III Fang remembered his mother and sorrowed THE OUTCAST for her. He sorrowed too loudly and woke up Gray Beaver, who beat him. After that Lip-lip continued so to darken his days he mourned gently when the gods were that White Fang became wickeder and more around. But sometimes, straying off to ferocious than it was his natural right to 458 The Outing Magazine be. Savageness was a part of his make-up, preliminaries. Delay meant the coming but the savageness thus developed ex against him of all the young dogs. He ceeded his make-up. He acquired a repu must do his work quickly and get away. tation for wickedness amongst the man So he learned to give no warning of his in- animals themselves. Wherever there was tention. He rushed in and snapped and trouble and uproar in camp, fighting and slashed on the instant, without notice, be- squabbling or the outcry of a squaw over fore his foe could prepare to meet him. a bit of stolen meat, they were sure to find Thus he learned how to inflict quick and White Fang mixed up in it and usually at severe damage. Also he learned the value the bottom of it. They did not bother to of surprise. A dog taken off its guard, look after the causes of his conduct. They its shoulder slashed open or its ear ripped saw only the effects, and the effects were in ribbons before it knew what was hap- bad. He was a sneak and a thieſ, a mis- pening, was a dog half whipped. chief-maker, a fomenter of trouble; and Furthermore, it was remarkably easy to irate squaws told him to his face, the while overthrow a dog taken by surprise; while he eyed them alert and ready to dodge any a dog, thus overthrown, invariably ex- quick-flung missile, that he was a wolf posed for a moment the soft under side of and worthless and bound to come to an evil its neck—the vulnerable point at which to end. strike for its life. White Fang knew this He found himself an outcast in the midst point. It was a knowledge bequeathed to of the populous camp. All the young dogs him directly from the hunting generations followed Lip-lip's lead. There was a dif of wolves. So it was that White Fang's ference between White Fang and them. method, when he took the offensive, was: Perhaps they sensed his wild-wood breed, first, to find a young dog alone; second, to and instinctively felt for him the enmity surprise it and knock it off its feet; and, that the domestic dog feels for the wolf. third, to drive in with his teeth at the soft But be that as it may, they joined with throat. Lip-lip in the persecution. And, once de Being but partly grown, his jaws had not clared against him, they found good reason yet become large enough nor strong enough to continue declared against him. One to make his throat-attack deadly; but and all, from time to time, they felt his many a young dog went around camp with teeth; and to his credit, he gave more than a lacerated throat in token of White Fang's he received. Many of them he could whip intention. And one day, catching one of in single fight; but single fight was denied his enemies alone on the edge of the woods, him. The beginning of such a fight was a he managed, by repeatedly overthrowing signal for all the young dogs in camp to him and attacking the throat, to cut the come running and pitch upon him. great vein and let out the life. There was Out of this pack persecution he learned a great row that night. He had been ob- two important things: how to take care of served, the news had been carried to the himself in a mass-fight against him; and dead dog's master, the squaws remembered how, on a single dog, to inflict the greatest all the instances of stolen meat, and Gray amount of damage in the briefest space of Beaver was beset by many angry voices. time. To keep one's feet in the midst of But he resolutely held the door of his tepee. the hostile mass meant life, and this he inside which he had placed the culprit, and learned well. He became cat-like in his refused to permit the vengeance for which ability to stay on his feet. Even grown his tribespeople clamored. dogs might hurtle him backward or side White Fang became hated by man and ways with the impact of their heavy bodies, dog. During this period of his develop- and backward or sideways he would go, ment he never knew a moment's security. in the air or sliding on the ground, but al The tooth of every dog was against him, ways with his legs under him and his feet the hand of every man. He was greeted downward to the mother earth. with snarls by his kind, with curses and When dogs fight there are usually pre stones by his gods. He lived tensely. He liminaries to the actual combat-snarlings was always keyed up, alert for attack, wary and bristlings and stiff-legged struttings. of being attacked, with an eye for sudden But White Fang learned to omit these and unexpected missiles, prepared to act White Fang 459 precipitately and coolly, to leap in with a and thoroughly to rip him up before the flash of teeth, or to leap away with a men pack could arrive. This occurred with acing snarl. great frequency, for, once in full cry, the As for snarling, he could snarl more ter dogs were prone to forget themselves in the ribly than any dog, young or old, in camp. excitement of the chase, while White Fang The intent of the snarl is to warn or frighten, never forgot himself. Stealing backward and judgment is required to know when it glances as he ran, he was always ready to should be used. White Fang knew how whirl around and down the over-zealous to make it and when to make it. Into his pursuer that outran his fellows. snarl he incorporated all that was vicious, Young dogs are bound to play, and out malignant and horrible. With nose serru of the exigencies of the situation they real- lated by continuous spasms, hair bristling ized their play in this mimic warfare. in recurrent waves, tongue whipping out Thus it was that the hunt of White Fang like a red snake and whipping back again, became their chief game-a deadly game, ears flattened down, eyes gleaming hatred, withal, and at all times a serious game. lips wrinkled back, and fangs exposed and He, on the other hand, being the fastest- dripping, he could compel a pause on the footed, was unafraid to venture anywhere. part of almost any assailant. A tem During the period that he waited vainly for porary pause, when taken off his guard, his mother to come back, he led the pack gave him the vital moment in which to many a wild chase through the adjacent think and determine his action. But often woods. But the pack invariably lost him. a pause so gained lengthened out until it Its noise and outcry warned him of its evolved into a complete cessation from the presence, while he ran alone, velvet-footed, attack. And before more than one of the silently, a moving shadow among the trees, grown dogs, White Fang's snarl enabled after the manner of his father and mother him to beat an honorable retreat. before him. Further, he was more di- An outcast himself from the pack of the rectly connected with the Wild than they; part-grown dogs, his sanguinary methods and he knew more of its secrets and strat- and remarkable efficiency made the pack agems. A favorite trick of his was to lose pay for its persecution of him. Not per his trail in running water and then lie mitted himself to run with the pack, the quietly in a near-by thicket while their curious state of affairs obtained that no baffled cries arose around him. member of the pack could run outside the Hated by his kind and by mankind, in- pack. White Fang would not permit it. domitable, perpetually warred upon and What of his bushwhacking and waylaying himself waging perpetual war, his develop- tactics, the young dogs were afraid to run ment was rapid and one-sided. This was by themselves. With the exception of no soil for kindliness and affection to blos- Lip-lip, they were compelled to hunch to som in. Of such things he had not the gether for mutual protection against the faintest glimmering. The code he learned terrible enemy they had made. A puppy was to obey the strong and to oppress the alone by the river bank meant a puppy weak. Gray Beaver was a god, and strong. dead or a puppy that aroused the camp Therefore, White Fang obeyed him. But with its shrill pain and terror as it fled back the dog younger or smaller than himself from the wolf-cub that had waylaid it. was weak, a thing to be destroyed. His But White Fang's reprisals did not cease, development was in the direction of power. even when the young dogs had learned In order to face the constant danger of hurt thoroughly that they must stay together. and even of destruction, his predatory and He attacked them when he caught them protective faculties were unduly developed. alone, and they attacked him when they He became quicker of movement than the were bunched. The sight of him was suffi other dogs, swifter of foot, craftier, deadlier, cient to start them rushing after him, at more lithe, more lean with iron-like muscle which times his swiftness usually carried and sinew, more enduring, more cruel, more him into safety. But woe the dog that ferocious and more intelligent. He had to outran his fellows in such pursuit! White become all these things, else he would not Fang had learned to turn suddenly upon have held his own nor survived the hostile the pursuer that was ahead of the pack environment in which he found himself. 460 The Outing Magazine CHAPTER IV the camp again, the tepees, and the blaze of the fires. He heard the shrill voices of THE TRAIL OF THE GODS the women, the gruff basses of the men, and In the fall of the year, when the days the snarling of the dogs. He was hungry, were shortening and the bite of the frost and he remembered pieces of meat and fish was coming into the air, White Fang got his that had been thrown him. Here vas no chance for liberty. For several days there meat, nothing but a threatening and in- had been a great hubbub in the village. edible silence. The summer camp was being dismantled, His bondage had softened him. Irre- and the tribe, bag and baggage, was pre sponsibility had weakened him. He had paring to go off to the fall hunting. White forgotten how to shift for himself. The Fang watched it all with eager eyes, and night yawned about him. His senses, ac- when the tepees began to come down and customed to the hum and bustle of the the canoes were loading at the bank, he camp, used to the continuous impact of understood. Already the canoes were de sights and sounds, were now left idle. parting, and some had disappeared down There was nothing to do, nothing to see the river. nor hear. They strained to catch some in- Quite deliberately he determined to stay terruption of the silence and immobility behind. He waited his opportunity to of nature. They were appalled by inac- slink out of camp to the woods. Here, in tion and by the feel of something terrible the running stream where ice was beginning impending. to form, he hid his trail. Then he crawled He gave a great start of fright. A co- into the heart of a dense thicket and lossal and formless something was rushing waited. The time passed by, and he slept across the field of his vision. It was a tree intermittently for hours. Then he was shadow flung by the moon, from whose aroused by Gray Beaver's voice calling him face the clouds had been brushed away. by name. There were other voices. White Reassured, he whimpered softly; then he Fang could hear Gray Beaver's squaw tak- suppressed the whimper for fear that it ing part in the search, and Mit-sah, who might attract the attention of the lurking was Gray Beaver's son. dangers. White Fang trembled with fear, and • A tree, contracting in the cool of the though the impulse came to crawl out of night, made a loud noise. It was directly his hiding-place, he resisted it. After a above him. He yelped in his fright. A time the voices died away, and some time panic seized him and he ran madly toward after that he crept out to enjoy the success the village. He knew an overpowering of his undertaking. Darkness was coming desire for the protection and companion- on, and for a while he played about among ship of man. In his nostrils was the smell the trees, pleasuring in his freedom. Then, of the camp smoke. In his ears the camp and quite suddenly, he became aware of sounds and cries were ringing loud. He loneliness. He sat down to consider, lis passed out of the forest and into the moon- tening to the silence of the forest and per lit open where were no shadows nor dark- turbed by it. That nothing moved nor But no village greeted his eyes. sounded seemed ominous. He felt the He had forgotten. The village had gone lurking of danger, unseen and unguessed. away. He was suspicious of the looming bulks of His wild flight ceased abruptly. There the trees and of the dark shadows that was no place to which to flee. He slunk might conceal all manner of perilous things. forlornly through the deserted camp, smell- Then it was cold. Here was no warm ing the rubbish heaps and the discarded side of a tepee against which to snuggle. rags and tags of the gods. He would have The frost was in his feet, and he kept lift been glad for the rattle of stones about ing first one fore-foot and then the other. him flung by an angry squaw, glad for the He curved his bushy tail around to cover hand of Gray Beaver descending upon him them, and at the same time he saw a vi in wrath; while he would have welcomed sion. There was nothing strange about it. with delight Lip-lip and the whole snarling, Upon his inward sight was impressed a cowardly pack. succession of memory pictures. He saw He came to where Gray Beaver's tepee nesses. White Fang 461 had stood. In the center of the space it weak with hunger. The repeated drench- had occupied he sat down. He pointed .ings in the icy water had likewise had their his nose at the moon. His throat was effect on him. His handsome coat was afflicted by rigid spasms, his mouth opened, draggled. The broad pads of his feet were and in a heart-broken cry bubbled up his bruised and bleeding. He had begun to loneliness and fear, his grief for Kiche, all limp, and this limpincreased with the hours. his past sorrows and miseries as well as To make it worse, the light of the sky was his apprehension of sufferings and dangers obscured and snow began to fall-a raw, to come. It was the long wolf-howl, full moist, melting, clinging snow, slippery un- throated and mournful, the first howl he der foot, that hid from him the landscape had ever uttered. he traversed, and that covered over the The coming of daylight dispelled his inequalities of the ground so that the way fears, but increased his loneliness. The of his feet was more difficult and painful. naked earth, which so shortly before had Gray Beaver had intended camping that been so populous, thrust his loneliness night on the far bank of the Mackenzie, for more forcibly upon him. It did not take it was in that direction that the hunting him long to make up his mind. He plunged lay. But on the near bank, shortly before into the forest and followed the river bank dark, a moose, coming down to drink, had down the stream. All day he ran. He been espied by Kloo-kooch, who was Gray did not rest. He seemed made to run on Beaver's squaw. Now, had not the moose forever. His iron-like body ignored fa come down to drink, had not Mit-sah been tigue. And even after fatigue came, his steering out of the course because of the heritage of endurance braced him to end snow, had not Kloo-kooch sighted the less endeavor and enabled him to drive his moose, and had not Gray Beaver killed it complaining body onward. with a lucky shot from his rifle, all sub- Where the river swung in against pre- sequent things would have happened dif- cipitous bluffs, he climbed the high moun ferently. Gray Beaver would not have tains behind. Rivers and streams that camped on the near side of the Mackenzie, entered the main river he forded or swam. and White Fang would have passed by Often he took to the rim-ice that was be and gone on, either to die or to find his ginning to form, and more than once he way to his wild brothers and become one crashed through and struggled for life in of them, a wolf to the end of his days. the icy current. Always he was on the Night had fallen. The snow was flying lookout for the trail of the gods where it more thickly, and White Fang, whimpering might leave the river and proceed inland. softly to himself as he stumbled and limped White Fang was intelligent beyond the along, came upon a fresh trail in the snow. average of his kind; yet his mental vision So fresh was it that he knew it immediately was not wide enough to embrace the other for what it was. Whining with eagerness, bank of the Mackenzie. What if the trail he followed back from the river bank and of the gods led out on that side? It never in among the trees. The camp sounds entered his head. Later on, when he had came to his ears. He saw the blaze of the traveled more and grown older and wiser fire, Kloo-kooch cooking, and Gray Beaver and come to know more of trails and rivers, squatting on his hams and mumbling a it might be that he could grasp and appre chunk of raw tallow. There was fresh hend such a possibility. But that mental meat in camp! power was yet in the future. Just now he White Fang expected a beating. He ran blindly, his own bank of the Mackenzie crouched and bristled a little at the thought alone entering into his calculations. of it. Then he went forward again. He All night he ran, blundering in the dark feared and disliked the beating he knew ness into mishaps and obstacles that de to be waiting for him. But he knew, layed but did not daunt. By the middle further, that the comfort of the fire would of the second day he had been running be his, the protection of the gods, the continuously for thirty hours, and the iron companionship of the dogs — the last a of his flesh was giving out. It was the en companionship of enmity, but none the durance of his mind that kept him going. less a companionship and satisfying to his He had not eaten in forty hours and he was gregarious needs. 462 The Outing Magazine He came cringing and crawling into White Fang had seen the camp dogs the firelight. Gray Beaver saw him and toiling in the harness, so that he did not stopped munching the tallow. White Fang resent over-much the first placing of the crawled slowly, cringing and groveling in harness upon himself. About his neck was the abjectness of his abasement and sub put a moss-stuffed collar, which was con- mission. He crawled straight toward Gray nected by two pulling-traces to a strap Beaver, every inch of his progress becom that passed around his chest and over his ing slower and more painful. At last he back. It was to this that was fastened the lay at the master's feet, into whose posses- long rope by which he pulled at the sled. sion he now surrendered himself, volun There were seven puppies in the team. tarily, body and soul. Of his own choice, The others had been born earlier in the he came in to sit by man's fire and to be year and were nine and ten months old, ruled by him. White Fang trembled, while White Fang was only eight months waiting for the punishment to fall upon old. Each dog was fastened to the sled by him. There was a movement of the hand a single rope. No two ropes were of the above him. He cringed involuntarily un same length, while the difference in length der the expected blow. It did not fall. between any two ropes was at least that He stole a glance upward. Gray Beaver of a dog's body. Every rope was brought was breaking the lump of tallow in half! to a ring at the front end of the sled. The Gray Beaver was offering him one piece of sled itself was without runners, being a the tallow! Very gently and somewhat birch-bark toboggan, with up-turned for- suspiciously, he first smelled the tallow and ward end to keep it from plowing under then proceeded to eat it. Gray Beaver the snow. This construction enabled the ordered meat to be brought to him, and weight of the sled and load to be distributed guarded him from the other dogs while over the largest snow surface; for the snow he ate. After that, grateful and content, was crystal powder and very soft. Ob- White Fang lay at Gray Beaver's feet, serving the same principle of widest dis- gazing at the fire that warmed him, blink tribution of weight, the dogs, at the ends ing and dozing, secure in the knowledge of their ropes, radiated fan-fashion from that the morrow would find him, not the nose of the sled, so that no dog trod in wandering forlorn through bleak forest another's footsteps. stretches, but in the camp of the man There was, furthermore, another virtue animals, with the gods to whom he had in the fan formation. The ropes of vary- given himself and upon whom he was now ing length prevented the dogs attack- dependent. ing from the rear those that ran in front of them. For a dog to attack another, it CHAPTER V would have to turn upon one at a shorter rope, in which case it would find itself face to face with the dog attacked, and When December was well along, Gray also it would find itself facing the whip Beaver went on a journey up the Macken of the driver. But the most peculiar virtue zie. Mit-sah and Kloo-kooch went with of all lay in the fact that the dog that him. One sled he drove himself, drawn by strove to attack one in front of him must dogs he had traded for or borrowed. A pull the sled faster, and the faster the second and smaller sled was driven by Mit sled traveled the faster could the dog at- sah, and to this was harnessed a team of tacked run away. Thus the dog behind puppies. It was more of a toy affair than could never catch up with the one in front.- anything else, yet it was the delight of Mit The faster he ran the faster ran the one he sah, who felt that he was beginning to do was after, and the faster ran all the dogs. a man's work in the world. Also, he was Incidentally the sled went faster, and thus, learning to drive dogs and to train dogs; by cunning indirection, did man increase while the puppies themselves were being his mastery over the beasts. broken in to the harness. Furthermore, Mit-sah resembled his father, much of the sled was of some service, for it carried whose gray wisdom he possessed. In the nearly two hundred pounds of outfit and past he had observed Lip-lip's persecution food, of White Fang; but at that time Lip-lip THE COVENANT - -- White Fang 403 was another man's dog, and Mit-sah had pack less to him in the scheme of thirgs, never dared more than to shy an occasional and man more. He had not learned to be stone at him. But now Lip-lip was his dependent on his kind for companionship. dog, and he proceeded to wreak his venge Besides, Kiche was well-nigh forgotten; ance on him by putting him at the end and the chief outlet of expression that re- of the longest rope. This made Lip-lip the mained to him was in the allegiance he leader, and was apparently an honor; but tendered the gods he had accepted as in reality it took away from him all honor, masters. So he worked hard, learned dis- and instead of being bully and master of cipline and was obedient. Faithfulness and the pack he now found himself hated and willingness characterized his toil. These persecuted by the pack. are essential traits of the wolf and the Because he ran at the end of the longest wild dog when they have become domes- rope, the dogs had always the view of him ticated, and these traits White Fang pos- running away before them. All that they sessed in unusual measure. saw of him was his bushy tail and fleeing A companionship did exist between hind legs-a view far less ferocious and White Fang and the other dogs, but it was intimidating than his bristling mane and one of warfare and enmity. He had never gleaming fangs. Also, dogs being so con learned to play with them. He knew only stituted in their mental ways, the sight of how to fight, and fight with them he did, him running away gave desire to run after returning to them a hundred-fold the snaps him and a feeling that he ran away from and slashes they had given him in the days them. when Lip-lip was leader of the pack. But The moment the sled started, the team Lip-lip was no longer leader-except when took after Lip-lip in a chase that extended he fled away before his mates at the end of throughout the day. At first he had been his rope, the sled bounding along behind. prone to turn upon his pursuers, jealous of In camp he kept close to Mit-sah or Gray his dignity and wrathful; but at such times Beaver or Kloo-kooch. He did not dare Mit-sah would throw the stinging lash of venture away from the gods, for now the the thirty-foot cariboo-gut whip into his fangs of all dogs were against him, and he face and compel him to turn tail and run tasted to the dregs the persecution that on. Lip-lip might face the pack, but he had been White Fang's. could not face that whip, and all that was With the overthrow of Lip-lip, White left him to do was to keep his long rope Fang could have become leader of the pack. taut and his flanks ahead of the teeth of But he was too morose and solitary for his mates. that. He merely thrashed his team-mates. But a still greater cunning lurked in the Otherwise he ignored them. They got out recesses of the Indian mind. To give point of his way when he came along; nor did the to unending pursuit of the leader, Mit-sah boldest of them ever dare to rob him of his favored him over the other dogs. These meat. On the contrary, they devoured favors aroused in them jealousy and hatred. their own meat hurriedly, for fear that he In their presence Mit-sah would give him would take it away from them. White meat and would give it to him only. This Fang knew the law well: to oppress the was maddening to them. They would rage weak and obey the strong. He ate his share around just outside the throwing distance of meat as rapidly as he could. And then of the whip, while Lip-lip devoured the woe the dog that had not yet finished! A meat and Mit-sah protected him. And snarl and a Nash of fangs, and that dog when there was no meat to give, Mit-sah would wail his indignation to the uncom- would keep the team at a distance and forting stars while White Fang finished his make believe to give meat to Lip-lip. portion for him. White Fang took kindly to the work. Every little while, however, one dog or He had traveled a greater distance than another would flame up in revolt and be the other dogs in the yielding of himself promptly subdued. Thus White Fang was to the rule of the gods, and he had learned kept in training. He was jealous of the more thoroughly the futility of opposing isolation in which he kept himself in the their will. In addition, the persecution he midst of the pack, and he fought often to had suffered from the pack had made the maintain it. But such fights were of brief 464 The Outing Magazine their way. duration. He was too quick for the others. Fang's being that made this lordship a They were slashed open and bleeding be- thing to be desired, else he would not have fore they knew what had happened, were come back from the Wild when he did to whipped almost before they had begun to tender his allegiance. There were deeps in fight. his nature which had never been sounded. As rigid as the sled discipline of the gods A kind word, a caressing touch of the hand, was the discipline maintained by White on the part of Gray Beaver, might have Fang amongst his fellows. He never allowed sounded these deeps; but Gray Beaver did them any latitude. He compelled them not caress nor speak kind words. It was not to an unremitting respect for him. They his way. His primacy was savage, and sav- might do as they pleased amongst them- agely he ruled, administering justice with selves. That was no concern of his. But a club, punishing transgression with the it was his concern that they leave him alone pain of a blow, and rewarding merit, not in his isolation, get out of his way when he by kindness, but by withholding a blow. elected to walk among them, and at all So White Fang knew nothing of the times acknowledge his mastery over them. heaven a man's hand might contain for A hint of stiff-leggedness on their part, him. Besides, he did not like the hands a lifted lip or a bristle of hair, and he of the man-animals. He was suspicious would be upon them, merciless and cruel, of them. It was true that they sometimes swiftly convincing them of the error of gave meat, but more often they gave hurt. Hands were things to keep away from. He was a monstrous tyrant. His mas They burled stones, wielded sticks and tery was rigid as steel. He oppressed the clubs and whips, administered slaps and weak with a vengeance. Not for nothing clouts, and, when they touched him, were had he been exposed to the pitiless struggle cunning to hurt with pinch and twist and for life in the days of his cubhood, when wrench, In strange villages he had en- his mother and he, alone and unaided, held countered the hands of the children and their own and survived in the ferocious en learned that they were cruel to hurt. Also, vironment of the Wild. And not for noth he had once nearly had an eye poked out ing had he learned to walk softly when by a toddling papoose. From these ex- superior strength went by. He oppressed periences he became suspicious of all chil- the weak, but he respected the strong. dren. He could not tolerate them. When And in the course of the long journey with they came near with their ominous hands, Gray Beaver he walked softly indeed he got up and walked away. amongst the full-grown dogs in the camps It was in a village at the Great Slave of the strange man-animals they encoun Lake that, in the course of resenting the tered. evil of the hands of the man-animals, he The months passed by. Still continued came to modify the law that he had learned the journey of Gray Beaver. White Fang's from Gray Beaver: namely, that the un- strength was developed by the long hours pardonable crime was to bite one of the on trail and the steady toil at the sled; and gods. In this village, after the custom of it would have seemed that his mental de all dogs in all villages, White Fang went velopment was well-nigh complete. He foraging for food. A boy was chopping had come to know quite thoroughly the frozen moose-meat with an axe, and the world in which he lived. His outlook was chips were flying in the snow. White Fang, bleak and materialistic. The world as he sidling by in quest of meat, stopped and saw it was a fierce and brutal world, a began to eat the chips. He observed the world without warmth, a world in which boy lay down the axe and take up a stout caresses and affection and the bright sweet club. White Fang sprang clear, just in nesses of the spirit did not exist. time to escape the descending blow. The He had no affection for Gray Beaver. boy pursued him, and he, a stranger in the True, he was a god, but a most savage god. village, fled between two tepees to find White Fang was glad to acknowledge his himself cornered against a high earth bank. lordship, but it was a lordship based upon There was no escape for White Fang. superior intelligence and brute strength. The only way out was between the two There was something in the fiber of White tepees, and this the boy guarded. Holding White Fang . 465 his club prepared to strike, he drew in ing in amongst the combatants. Five on his cornered quarry. White Fang was minutes later the landscape was covered furious. He faced the boy, bristling and with fleeing boys, many of whom dripped snarling, his sense of justice outraged. He blood upon the snow in token that White knew the law of forage. All the wastage of Fang's teeth had not been idle. When meat, such as the frozen chips, belonged Mit-sah told his story in camp, Gray Beaver to the dog that found it. He had done no ordered meat to be given to White Fang. wrong, broken no law, yet here was this He ordered much meat to be given, and boy preparing to give him a beating. White Fang, gorged and sleepy by the fire, White Fang scarcely knew what happened. knew that the law had received its verifi- He did it in a surge of rage. And he did cation. it so quickly that the boy did not know It was in line with these experiences either. All the boy knew was that he had that White Fang came to learn the law of in some unaccountable way been over property and the duty of the defense of turned into the snow, and that his club property. From the protection of his god's hand had been ripped wide open by White body to the protection of his god's posses- Fang's teeth. sions was a step, and this step he made. But White Fang knew that he had What was his god's was to be defended broken the law of the gods. He had driven against all the world-even to the extent his teeth into the sacred flesh of one of of biting other gods. Not only was such them, and could expect nothing but a most an act sacrilegious in its nature, but it was terrible punishment. He fled away to fraught with peril. The gods were all- Gray Beaver, behind whose protecting legs powerful, and a dog was no match against he crouched when the bitten boy and the them; yet White Fang learned to face boy's family came, demanding vengeance. them, fiercely belligerent and unafraid. But they went away with vengeance un Duty rose above fear, and thieving gods satisfied. Gray Beaver defended White learned to leave Gray Beaver's property Fang. So did Mit-sah and Kloo-kooch. alone. White Fang, listening to the wordy war One thing, in this connection, White and watching the angry gestures, knew that Fang quickly learned, and that was that his act was justified. And so it came that a thieving god was usually a cowardly god he learned there were gods and gods. and prone to run away at the sounding of There were his gods, and there were other the alarm. Also, he learned that but brief gods, and between them there was a dif time elapsed between his sounding of the ference. Justice or injustice, it was all the alarm and Gray Beaver coming to his aid. same, he must take all things from the hands He came to know that it was not fear of of his own gods. But he was not compelled him that drove the thief away, but fear of to take injustice from the other gods. It Gray Beaver. White Fang did not give was his privilege to resent it with his teeth. the alarm by barking. He never barked. And this also was a law of the gods. His method was to drive straight at the Before the day was out White Fang was intruder, and to sink his teeth in if he to learn more about this law. Mit-sah, could. Because he was morose and soli- alone, gathering firewood in the forest, en tary, having nothing to do with the other countered the boy that had been bitten. dogs, he was unusually fitted to guard his With him were other boys. Hot words master's property; and in this he was en- passed. Then all the boys attacked Mit- couraged and trained by Gray Beaver. sah. It was going hard with him. Blows One result of this was to make White Fang were raining upon him from all sides. more ferocious and indomitable, and more White Fang looked on at first. This was solitary. an affair of the gods, and no concern of The months went by, binding stronger his. and stronger the covenant between dog Then he realized that this was Mit-sah, and man. This was the ancient covenant one of his own particular gods, who was be that the first wolf that came in from the ing maltreated. It was no reasoned impulse Wild entered into with man. And, like that made White Fang do what he then all succeeding wolves and wild dogs that did. A mad rush of anger sent him leap had done likewise, White Fang worked the 466 The Outing Magazine THE FAMINE covenant out for himself. The terms were There was Baseek, a grizzled old fellow simple. For the possession of a flesh-and that in his younger days had but to uncover blood god, he exchanged his own liberty. his fangs to send White Fang cringing and Food and fire, protection and companion- crouching to the right-about. From him ship, were some of the things he received White Fang had learned much of his own from the god. In return, he guarded the insignificance; and from him he was now god's property, defended his body, worked to learn much of the change and develop- for him and obeyed him. ment that had taken place in himself. The possession of a god implies service. While Baseek had been growing weaker White Fang's was a service of duty and with age, White Fang had been growing awe, but not of love. He did not know stronger with youth. what love was. He had no experience of It was at the cutting up of a moose, love. Kiche was a remote memory. Be fresh killed, that White Fang learned of sides, not only had he abandoned the Wild the changed relations in which he stood and his kind when he gave himself up to to the dog world. He had got for himself man, but the terms of the covenant were a hoof and part of the shin-bone, to which such that if he ever met Kiche again he quite a bit of meat was attached. With- would not desert his god to go with her. drawn from the immediate scramble of the His allegiance to man seemed somehow a other dogs-in fact, out of sight behind a law of his being greater than the love of thicket-he was devouring his prize, when liberty, of kind and kin. Baseek rushed in upon him. Before he knew what he was doing, he had slashed CHAPTER VI the intruder twice and sprung clear. Ba- seek was surprised by the other's temerity and swiftness of attack. He stood gazing The spring of the year was at hand when stupidly across at White Fang, the raw, Gray Beaver finished his long journey. It red shin-bone between them. was April, and White Fang was a year old Baseek was old, and already he had when he pulled into the home village and come to know the increasing valor of the was loosed from the harness by Mit-sah. dogs it had been his wont to bully. Bit- Though a long way from his full growth, ter experiences these, which, perforce, he White Fang, next to Lip-lip, was the largest swallowed, calling upon all his wisdom to yearling in the village. Both from his cope with them. In the old days, he would father, the wolf, and from Kiche, he had have sprung upon White Fang in a fury inherited stature and strength, and already of righteous wrath. But now his waning he was measuring up alongside the full powers would not permit such a course. grown dogs. But he had not yet grown He bristled fiercely and looked ominously compact. His body was slender and rangy, across the shin-bone at White Fang. And and his strength more stringy than massive. White Fang, resurrecting quite a deal of His coat was the true wolf gray, and to the old awe, seemed to wilt and to shrink all appearances he was true wolf himself. in upon himself and grow small, as he cast The quarter strain of dog he had inherited about in his mind for a way to beat a re- from Kiche had left no mark on him phys treat not too inglorious. ically, though it played its part in his men And right here Baseek erred. Had he tal make-up. contented himself with looking fierce and He wandered through the village, recog ominous all would have been well. White nizing with staid satisfaction the various Fang, on the verge of retreat, would have gods he had known before the long journey. retreated, leaving the meat to him. But Then there were the dogs, puppies growing Baseek did not wait. He considered the up like himself and grown dogs that did not victory already his and stepped forward to look so large and formidable as the mem the meat. As he bent his head carelessly ory pictures he retained of them. Also, to smell it White Fang bristled slightly. he stood less in fear of them than formerly, Even then it was not too late for Baseek stalking among them with a certain care to retrieve the situation. Had he merely less ease that was as new to him as it was stood over the meat, head up and glower- enjoyable. ing, White Fang would ultimately have White Fang 467 slunk away. But the fresh meat was strong remote and alien, was accepted as an equal in Baseek's nostrils, and greed urged him to by his puzzled elders. They quickly take a bite of it. learned to leave him alone, neither ven- This was too much for White Fang. turing hostile acts nor making overtures Fresh upon his months of mastery over his of friendliness. If they left him alone, he own team-mates, it was beyond his self- left them alone—a state of affairs that they control to stand idly by while another de found, after a few encounters, to be pre- voured the meat that belonged to him. eminently desirable. He struck, after his custom, without warn In midsummer White Fang had an ex- ing. With the first slash, Baseek's right perience. perience. Trotting along in his silent way ear was ripped into ribbons. He was to investigate a new tepee which had been astounded at the suddenness of it. But erected on the edge of the village while he more things, and most grievous ones, were was away with the hunters after moose, happening with equal suddenness. He he came full upon Kiche. He paused and was knocked off his feet. His throat was looked at her. He remembered her vaguely, bitten. While he was struggling to his but he remembered her, and that was more feet the young dog sank teeth twice into than could be said for her. She lifted her his shoulder. The swiftness of it was be lip at him in the old snarl of menace, and wildering. He made a futile rush at White his memory became clear. His forgotten Fang, clipping the empty air with an out cubhood, all that was associated with that raged snap. The next moment his nose familiar snarl, rushed back to him. Be- was laid open and he was staggering back fore he had known the gods, she had been ward away from the meat. to him the center-pin of the universe. The situation was now reversed. White The old familiar feelings of that time came Fang stood over the shin-bone, bristling back upon him, surged up within him. and menacing, while Baseek stood a little He bounded toward her joyously, and she way off, preparing to retreat. He dared met him with shrewd fangs that laid his not risk a fight with this young lightning cheek open to the bone. He did not under- flash, and again he knew, and more bit stand. He backed away, bewildered and terly, the enfeeblement of oncoming age. puzzled. His attempt to maintain his dignity was But it was not Kiche's fault. A wolf- heroic. Calmly turning his back upon mother was not made to remember her young dog and shin-bone, as though both cubs of a year or so before. So she did not were beneath his notice and unworthy of remember White Fang. He was a strange consideration, he stalked grandly away. animal, an intruder; and her present litter Nor until well out of sight did he stop to of puppies gave her the right to resent such lick his bleeding wounds. intrusion. The effect on White Fang was to give him One of the puppies sprawled up to White a greater faith in himself, and a greater Fang. They were half-brothers, only they pride. He walked less softly among the did not know it. White Fang sniffed the grown dogs; his attitude toward them was puppy curiously, whereupon Kiche rushed less compromising. Not that he went out of upon him, gashing his face a second time. his way looking for trouble. Far from it. He backed farther away. All the old But upon his way he demanded considera memories and associations died down again tion. He stood upon his right to go his and passed into the grave from which they way unmolested and to give trail to no dog. had been resurrected. He looked at Kiche He had to be taken into account, that was licking her puppy and stopping now and all. He was no longer to be disregarded then to snarl at him. She was without and ignored, as was the lot of puppies and value to him. He had learned to get along as continued to be the lot of the puppies without her. Her meaning was forgotten. that were his team-mates. They got out There was no place for her in his scheme of of the way, gave trail to the grown dogs, things, as there was no place for him in and gave up meat to them under compul- hers. sion. But White Fang, uncompanionable, He was still standing, stupid and be- solitary, morose, scarcely looking to right wildered, the memories forgotten, wonder- or left, redoubtable, forbidding of aspect, ing what it was all about, when Kiche 468 The Outing Magazine attacked him a third time, intent on driv of him. He knew the law too well to take ing him away altogether from the vicinity. it out on Gray Beaver; behind Gray Beaver And White Fang allowed himself to be were a club and god-head. But behind the driven away. This was a female of his dogs there was nothing but space, and into kind, and it was a law of his kind that the this space they fled when White Fang males must not fight the females. He did came on the scene made mad by laughter. not know anything about this law, for it In the third year of his life there came a was no generalization of the mind, not a great famine to the Mackenzie Indians. something acquired by experience in the In the summer the fish failed. In the world. He knew it as a secret prompting, winter the cariboo forsook their accus- as an urge of instinct-of the same instinct tomed track. Moose were scarce, the rab- that made him howl at the moon and stars bits almost disappeared, hunting and prey- of nights and that made him fear death ing animals perished. Denied their usual and the unknown. food supply, weakened by hunger, they The months went by. White Fang fell upon and devoured one another. grew stronger, heavier and more compact, Only the strong survived. White Fang's while his character was developing along gods were also hunting animals. The old the lines laid down by his heredity and and the weak of them died of hunger. his environment. His heredity was a life There was wailing in the village, where the stuff that may be likened to clay. It pos women and children went without in order sessed many possibilities, was capable of that what little they had might go into the being molded into many different forms. bellies of the lean and hollow-eyed hunters Environment served to model the clay, to who trod the forest in the vain pursuit of give it a particular form. Thus, had meat. White Fang never come in to the fires of To such extremity were the gods driven man, the Wild would have molded him that they ate the soft-tanned leather of into a true wolf. But the gods had given their moccasins and mittens, while the him a different environment, and he was dogs ate the harnesses off their backs and molded into a dog that was rather wolfish, the very whip-lashes. Also, the dogs ate but that was a dog and not a wolf. one another, and also the gods ate the And so, according to the clay of his dogs. The weakest and the more worthless nature and the pressure of his surround were eaten first. The dogs that still lived ings, his character was being molded into looked on and understood. A few of the a certain particular shape. There was no boldest and wisest forsook the fires of the escaping it. He was becoming more mo gods, which had now become a shambles, rose, more uncompanionable, more soli and fled into the forest, where, in the end, tary, more ferocious; while the dogs were they starved to death or were eaten by learning more and more that it was better wolves. to be at peace with him than at war, and In this time of misery White Fang, too, Gray Beaver was coming to prize him stole away into the woods. He was better more greatly with the passage of each fitted for the life than the other dogs, for day. he had the training of his cubhood to guide White Fang, seeming to sum up strength him. Especially adept did he become in in all his qualities, nevertheless suffered stalking small living things. He would lie from one besetting weakness. He could concealed for hours, following every move- not stand being laughed at. The laughter ment of a cautious tree-squirrel, waiting, of men was a hateful thing. They might with a patience as huge as the hunger he laugh among themselves about anything suffered from, until the squirrel ventured they pleased except himself, and he did out upon the ground. Even then White not mind. But the moment laughter was Fang was not premature. He waited until turned upon him he would fly into a most he was sure of striking before the squirrel terrible rage. Grave, dignified, somber, a could gain a tree refuge. Then, and not laugh made him frantic to ridiculousness. until then, would he flash from his hiding It so outraged him and upset him that for place, a gray projectile, incredibly swift, hours he would behave like a demon. And never failing its mark—the fleeing squirrel woe to the dog that at such times ran foul that fled not fast enough. White Fang 469 Successful as he was with squirrels, there anything but affectionate. But White was one difficulty that prevented him from Fang did not mind. He had outgrown his living and growing fat on them. There mother. So he turned tail philosophically were not enough squirrels. So he was and trotted on up the stream. At the driven to hunt still smaller things. So forks he took the turning to the left, where acute did his hunger become at times that he found the lair of the lynx with whom he was not above rooting out wood-mice his mother and he had fought long before. from their burrows in the ground. Nor Here, in the abandoned lair, he settled did he scorn to do battle with a weasel as down and rested for a day. hungry as himself and many times more During the early summer, in the last ferocious. days of the famine, he met Lip-lip, who had In the worst pinches of the famine he likewise taken to the woods, where he had stole back to the fires of the gods. But he eked out a miserable existence. White did not go in to the fires. He lurked in the Fang came upon him unexpectedly. Trot- forest, avoiding discovery and robbing the ting in opposite directions along the base snares at the rare intervals when game of a high bluff, they rounded a corner of was caught. He even robbed Gray Beaver's rock and found themselves face to face. snare of a rabbit at a time when Gray They paused with instant alarm, and Beaver staggered and tottered through the looked at each other suspiciously. forest, sitting down often to rest, what of White Fang was in splendid condition. weakness and of shortness of breath. His hunting had been good, and for a week One day White Fang encountered a he had eaten his fill. He was even gorged young wolf, gaunt and scrawny, loose from his latest kill. But in the moment jointed with famine. Had he not been he looked at Lip-lip his hair rose on end all hungry himself, White Fang might have along his back. It was an involuntary gone with him and eventually found his bristling on his part, the physical state that way into the pack amongst his wild breth in the past had always accompanied the ren. As it was, he ran the young wolf down mental state produced in him by Lip-lip's and killed and ate him. bullying and persecution. As in the past Fortune seemed to favor him. Always, he had bristled and snarled at sight of Lip- when hardest pressed for food, he found lip, so now, and automatically, he bristled something to kill. Again, when he was and snarled. He did not waste any time. weak, it was his luck that none of the The thing was done thoroughly and with larger preying animals chanced upon him. dispatch. Lip-lip essayed to back away, Thus, he was strong from the two days' but White Fang struck him hard, shoulder eating a lynx had afforded him when the to shoulder. Lip-lip was overthrown and hungry wolf pack ran full tilt upon him. rolled upon his back. White Fang's teeth It was a long, cruel chase, but he was bet drove into the scrawny throat. There was ter nourished than they and in the end a death-struggle, during which White Fang outran them. And not only did he out walked around, stiff-legged and observant. run them, but, circling widely back on his Then he resumed his course and trotted on track, he gathered in one of his exhausted along the base of the bluff. pursuers. One day, not long after, he came to the After that he left that part of the coun edge of the forest, where a narrow stretch try and journeyed over to the valley where of open land sloped down to the Mackenzie. in he had been born. Here, in the old He had been over this ground before, when lair, he encountered Kiche. Up to her old it was bare, but now a village occupied it. tricks, she, too, had fled the inhospitable Still hidden amongst the trees, he paused fires of the gods and gone back to her to study the situation. Sights and sounds old refuge to give birth to her young. and scents were familiar to him. It was Of this litter but one remained alive the old village changed to a new place. when White Fang came upon the scene, But sights and sounds and smells were and this one was not destined to live different from those he had last had when long. Young life had little chance in such he fled away from it. There was no whim- a famine. pering nor wailing. Contented sounds Kiche's greeting of her grown son was saluted his ear, and when he heard the 470 Magazine The Outing angry voice of a woman he knew it to be the anger that proceeds from a full stomach. And there was a smell in the air of fish. There was food. The famine was gone. He came out boldly from the forest and trotted into camp straight to Gray Beaver's tepee. Gray Beaver was not there; but Kloo-kooch welcomed him with glad cries and the whole of a fresh-caught fish, and he lay down to wait Gray Beaver's coming. (To be continued.) THERE'S MUSIC IN MY HEART TO-DAY BY LLOYD ROBERTS There's music in my heart to-day; The Master-hand is on the keys, Calling me up to the windy hills And down to the purple seas. Let Time draw back when I hear that tune Old to the soul when the stars were new- And swing the doors to the four great winds, That my feet may wander through. North or South, and East or West; Over the rim with the bellied sails, From the mountains' feet to the empty plains, Or down the silent trails- It matters not which door you choose; The same clear tune blows through them all, Though one heart leaps to the grind of seas And one to the rain-bird's call. However you hide in the city's din And drown your ears with its siren songs, Some day steal in those thin, wild notes, And you leave the foolish throngs. God grant that the day will find me not When the tune shall mellow and thrill in vain- So long as the plains are red with sun, And the woods are black with rain. SKIMMING DOWN THE DELAWARE BY HOWE WILLIAMS ILLUSTRATED BY F. M. FOLLET I ware. IT is to be hoped that violent in his denunciation of canoes till I no one will accuse was standing in the street and he on the either Wux or me sidewalk. Several persons stopped to listen. of sportsman-like But all arguments ended in the same way conduct. The sen -that Wux could not swim; so I was com- sible way of doing pelled to cast my vote for a flat-bottomed things is usually rowboat as our method of conveyance the most obvious down the rough waters of the upper Dela- and therefore the least original. It On our arrival in Hancock, N. Y., which was not perhaps the desire to do things we had selected as the point of departure, differently from other people that saner we purchased a rowboat painted green. It methods were discarded with ceaseless had a perceptible upward curve at the bow, regularity, but there is something about which was repeated, though in less degree, the artistic temperament which is anti at the stern. This we found very useful thetical to sound common sense. Let this for sliding over rocks close to the surface. be the cloak behind which we hide. The stern seat was broad, enabling one to While Wux (my cadaverous friend) was stand erect while casting for bass, and un- in favor of a flat-bottomed boat, I clung to der the middle seat was built a water-tight the canoe idea for many days and tried to fish-box with holes in the bottom, which influence him in most subtle fashion to my kept it partly full of water. Altogether it way of thinking. I had friends of mine, was a very stanchly built little boat, espe- enthusiastic canoeists, talk to him; 1 sent cially adapted to our use, and we cheer- his name with a request for illustrated fully parted with the fifteen dollars which catalogues to all the manufacturers of the owner asked for it. canoes; and one afternoon after a hearty Wux spent a day purchasing what he luncheon, I brought him up suddenly be- thought were the requisites of a trip which fore a store window which displayed one of was to include camping at night on the the egg-shell craft in all the glory of its new banks of the river. These purchases in- coat of dried-grass green paint. cluded some eight dollars' worth of gro- “Here you are,” I exclaimed, as though ceries and three dollars' worth of tin pans it were the first time I had seen it. “She and other hardware. The drowsy clerks, will ride the water like a swan. There is who could often read a novel through at a more poetry in that spruce paddle sitting without being interrupted by a soli- "I don't want any poetry," he answered, tary purchase, exhibited signs of consterna- with unnecessary emphasis. “What i tion at the nonchalant manner with which want is an old mud-scow which will float he tossed these large sums of money on the two artists and a bunch of freight without counter as though he was too tired to carry turning into a submarine at every bit of it any farther. Our financial standing soon rough water we come to.” became known and we received constant I backed away from him as he grew more visits at our hotel from men who wished to 471 472 The Outing Magazine sell us boats, make us tent poles (which we. "Those are the things-everything else had come without), carry our luggage to is out of season." (It was the latter half the water and dig worms for us. of June.) Our boat was tethered to a log raft, I stood up in the seat, arms folded and and it was with a feeling of deep satis legs outstretched. To the right, a chaos faction that we noted several inches of her of white water tumbling over and around side board still above water after we had black rocks; to the left-well, it looked as finished loading her. though the river ran rather smoothly over When Wux had taken his seat in the there. I cast a glance at the bottom of stern and I amidships with the oars in hand, the river which was plainly visible; so did a prominent citizen with side whiskers Wux. shoved her nose off the raft and threw the “Look at the way the river bottom is chain in after us. He smiled and waved sliding under us,” he cried; “row for your good-by, but it was not a hearty smile; life if you want to make that smooth there was something suspicious about it, water!” hypocritical—the smile a physician wears It was indeed time, for the current was as he informs a patient in the final stage of carrying us down at a stupefying pace into tuberculosis that he will be on his feet again the very maw fringed with froth and in a few days. My companion cast an ap- speckled with fangs. rowed for the prehensive glance at the water-line and smooth, trickling floor of water with all the tried to fathom the depth with his fishing- strength acquired by years of wielding a rod, but said nothing. lead pencil; and with one last, tense effort Getting into the current I found that the drove the nose of the boat into the gravel flow of the river made rowing for the time bed. As the boat with its ponderous load unnecessary if one were inclined to be lazy; of freight crunched on the gravel and came so I filled my pipe, rolled up the sleeves of to a decisive stop there was a moment of my shirt to let the sun beat down on tan embarrassing silence. Then my compan- less arms, while Wux, standing up in the ion, getting on his legs again, said: stern, made cast after cast after the bass “I have no doubt that it is as evident to we had read about in the guide-books. you as it is to me that we have not yet We dawdled away a half hour lazily exhausted the sum total of human knowl- floating onward, toy mountains on either edge that pertains to river navigation. side and just enough current to make them Over there to the right where the river pass gently by. We felicitated ourselves looks nastiest and the rocks are thickest that for once we were Mother Nature's is the deep water and therefore the chan- children, while at that very hour those nel. Put down also on your mental slate poor beggars, our co-workers, were seating that the channel is on the outside of the themselves methodically at their respec river bend, which is natural. In the future tive desks with uncongenial tasks before avoid the water which trickles—it's a sand- them asking to be finished and done with. bar or gravel-ledge. For the present there “Look,” said I, waving my arm over a is but one thing to do." quadrant of scenery, “there is not a sky We stepped overboard into six inches of scraper in sight, not even smoke, the mark water and shoved and pushed, pulled and of human occupancy, nor a sound other dragged the boat into waters deeper. than the twittering"--I stopped to listen. Below this rift we found the water quiet A dull suspicious roar as of a train crossing and deep; but shortly we heard the roar a trestle reached my ear. Wux heard it, of another rift, and here with our newly stopped casting and reeled in his line while acquired knowledge we selected the rough he shaded his eyes from the sun and gazed water and dodged the rocks as best we ahead. could. After a long, silent scrutiny he said, “I As we shot rift after rift with increasing guess that mixture of soapsuds and growls skill and many escapes from annihilation is what is technically known as a rift.” we decided that it was one of the finest "Oh, yes," I answered without a trace sports nature had placed at the disposal of of nervousness; "those are the things we came up here to shoot.” The season for bass had but just opened, man. Skimming Down the Delaware 473 and we found them not very hungry. Still, packed the blankets in the canvas bag, and by assiduously casting at the foot of every shifted the cots so that it rained only on rift we passed and in swift water we were our heads and feet. With the lantern usually rewarded at the end of the day burning brightly from the ridge pole, a pail with enough for supper and sometimes a of fresh spring water, two tin cups and a few over. They were rather small, for the bottle, from which the label had been most part under ten inches, and many of washed by the rain, occupying the foot of the undersized ones were returned to their space between the cots, we lay down fully homes. We found a painted wooden min clothed and challenged the howling ele- now the most effective bait. With this con ments without to make us wish we had trivance we caught three-fourths of all the not come. However, after three nights of fish taken on the trip. wind, rain, lightning and whip-poor-wills, Large shad swimming with the dorsal we decided to break camp, drop down the fin out of water were often encountered. river to Equinunk and find somebody who At this season they are stranded wayfarers knew how to make a tent waterproof. who have neglected too long their return At Equinunk, about dusk, we tied up to to salt water more than two hundred miles a log raft. We were wet through, and as away. Eventual- it was still rain- ly they go nearly ing, the idea of blind and then camping out for die. Their shiny the night was not bodies dotted the so pleasing a bottom of the prospect as walk- river, or were to ing up the bank be seen dragged through the tall up on the rocks grass to a hotel and left half eaten overlooking the by some water river. rodent. The following Some few miles day we set out in down the river an intermittent we came to an is- rain. We were land, the south- somewhat unde- ern end of which cided whether to was so inviting make camp down that although the the river or to row day was still to Callicoon and young we landed put up at a hotel. and made camp. Wux was very Wespent four de- "The drowsy clerks ... exhibited signs of consternation." fond of camping. lightful days here He was a good and, owing to a subsequent disaster, it cook and was perfectly willing to clean the was the only camping we did. fish we caught. Further than that he That it rained every night we were upon would not go. So it devolved on me to this island and that our second-hand tent wash the dishes and perform other menial leaked like mosquito netting, did not for tasks, as my one attempt at providing a a moment detract from the joy we felt at meal subjected me to criticism at which being absolutely alone on an uninhabited my sensitive nature recoiled. So I can- island and beyond the reach of human not say that a soft bed in a hotel and assistance. Doubtless through some mis a country dinner without the disagreeable take, there was a strip of dry canvas across aftermath of dish-washing were displeasing the middle of the tent; and it was with the to me. Little did I care how much it bland and happy smile of the man who has rained, though Wux was constantly point- no relations and does not care much what ing out spots which, in his opinion, were happens next, that every night about fine sites for camp; but as the rain eleven we got up as the rain poured down, continued he yielded the point and we 474 The Outing Magazine reached Callicoon about seven in the even After the first wild, vain effort to stop the ing. progress of destruction we let them go. I We fastened the boat temporarily to a remember watching them with something rock, as there seemed to be no better place, of a grim humor as they faded out of sight; and with the camera, rifle and fishing it occurred to me that I would not have to tackle under our arms, ascended to the wash dishes or clean out greasy frying-pans hotel on the New York side. Here we with sand any more. learned that the only place to fasten a boat The tent I saw but a moment, but the securely for the night was on the other side pine box of groceries, being light in color, of the river, which is spanned at this point I could see as it floated far down the river by a suspension bridge. till it too faded into the night. The tent Rain was descending steadily and night poles and pegs, one oar, the folding cots, a approaching. We shoved the heavily- telescope valise containing toilet accesso- laden boat off the beach and jumped in. ries and shirts, four pairs of shoes and stock- Just below the bridge we discovered a little ings (we were barefooted at the time), five rift. After those we had come through pounds of bacon, all of the cooking utensils during the day it was indeed insignificant. -not even a fork or tin pan being left in We scorned it, but unfortunately failed to the bottom-a fishing-rod and landing-net, take into consideration the gathering dark water pail, bottles of catsup, whiskey and ness. lemon-juice, the lantern and the hatchet- Sudden and disastrous events have a all joined the merry throng. tendency to obliterate from the memory After the boat had been cleared of every- the lesser events which immediately pre thing there was in it even to the accumula- cede them and the little details which ac tion of sand on the bottom, I realized that company them. Still, I can recall with something should be done, and climbed fair accuracy about what happened to us down from my perch. We tried to push in the next few minutes. after we passed her off the rock, but the force of the in- under the bridge. I know that I was row flowing water nailed her down. Wux re- ing merrily straight across instead of taking moved his coat and carelessly placed it on a slanting course with the current. I think the bow, which was almost the only part we were consulting our appetites, formu out of water. In the pocket was a safety lating a menu of what we would have to eat on our return to the hotel-fried chick- en with bacon and cream sauce and sweet potatoes, and all that sort of thing. We were just about in the middle of the stream when the port side of the boat sud- denly rose high in the air and remained there. Wux was thrown into the swift water which was about waist-deep, and clinging to the lower side of the boat shout- ed out orders to me. I climbed high up on the port side and sat there stupefied. It seemed as though the whole Delaware River rushed into that boat in one huge wave, scooping out the contents, searching every corner for more. We were jammed securely upon a rock, the water rushing in at the lower side in one mad wave and com- pletely over the other side, tilted high in air. The two canvas bags containing our wearing apparel were the first to go over- board and in a moment were out of sight far down the stream. They were followed by a long procession of all our worldly goods. "Enough for supper and sometimes a few over." Wux Skimming Down the Delaware 475 si the map. razor which he valued highly. He had grabbed it up from the open valise just as that piece of luggage went over. When he looked again the coat-and razor—were gone so I kept mine on. We floundered in the water for some time to no purpose. We could not get the boat off and it was per- haps well that we could not, for we would have gone over the rift with but one oar between us and the near future. Presently a young man in "I climbed high on the port side and sat there stupefied." a boat parted the gloom. He was a strong, healthy young man with a marked BAD in large letters. They repre- broad smile and red gums. This young man, sented rifts or falls. Now, although we Frank Klein by name, divided his time (so had gone through some swift and treacher- we learned later) between catching rattle ous water such as Plum Island and Rocky snakes for their oil, gathering ginseng on Rift, it was significant to us that none the mountains, and rescuing adventure of these were marked with a triangle on some tourists on the river. He admitted In short, our doughty canoeist that he found the last quite as profitable thought them beneath his notice. as the other two. On the day following our experience be- After fastening our boat to his the three neath the Callicoon bridge we got out our of us succeeded in pulling her ashore. Then map as usual to look over the day's course. Klein went on a salvage expedition and We decided to make Narrowsburg, some rescued the tent and a canvas bag, which fourteen miles below; but there, right be- he caught just as they were about to run tween us and Narrowsburg was Cochecton over the next rift a mile below. This was Falls, marked with a triangle, also marked all we ever recovered of our cargo. BAD. This place had been described to us We proceeded at once to the dry-goods as the first really bad spot on the river. store, which was filled with purchasers, The recovered tent and canvas bag we most of them women. (It was a Saturday shipped home by freight as the loss of most night.) A pleasant, sympathetic lady sold of the outfit made camping impossible. So us some tennis shoes and socks which we it was with a light boat and light hearts put on, unabashed, on the spot. We then that we dropped down the river from Calli- visited the hotel bar where we were sur coon. Our luggage now consisted of the rounded by a curious and good-humored rifle, camera, fishing-rod and a valise pur- audience, and in a very few moments we chased in Callicoon to replace the other one. were pooh-poohing the whole incident. With the light draft of the boat we shot the rifts much more easily than before. As We had brought with us a neat map we approached Cochecton they grew worse drawn by a canoeist who had made the and worse, and I hesitate to think what trip several times. We found it in every would have become of us if we had not respect admirable and accurate. The trout dumped that monstrous load of baggage streams and the spots in the river where farther up. As we had been somewhat the best bass and pike fishing were to be misdirected, there were several times dur- found were indicated by a crude but in- ing the morning that we shot rapids the telligible diagram of a fish. turbulence of which made us think they What interested us most, however, were were Cochecton Falls; we felt as if we had a number of little triangles scattered down been to the dentist's and had an ugly tooth the river. Some of these triangles were extracted and were glad it was over. Very 476 The Outing Magazine soon we discovered the tooth had not been “I don't believe the boat was ever built extracted at all. Passing under a bridge that could come over that mess without a fisherman told us that just around the disastrous results." bend was Cochecton-and so it was. We “What shall we do about it?" stood up on the seats to get a look at it. "You take the chain and hang on to it “What you want to do,” said Wux, “is while I push out the stern with an oar, and to run in close to that rock on the Penn we will let her down backward.” This sylvania shore, and we will go through was easily done as the water near shore is there like a mountain climber sliding head- sufficiently deep. first down a glacier." Our conclusion in regard to Cochecton “That's the channel, all right. Better Falls we were forced by the events of the lash the rifle and camera to the seat. No following day to dismiss as poor judgment. matter what happens, old chap, you hang Cochecton can be shot, at times even with on to the boat.' a loaded canoe, though the condition of the We were rapidly approaching the point water, the depth of which varies constantly, from which there is no recall. I braced has much to do with it. My advice is to my feet against the cleats at the side, for shoot it first and look at it afterward. somehow this bit of water seemed to make Just above Narrowsburg we passed two more noise than the others, and it was canoes, each containing two men. “Did whiter. There was no question about it; you shoot Cochecton?” asked Wux. there was a new and exciting experience "Oh, yes,” one of them replied in an right before us. I knew that in exactly ordinary tone; "shipped a little water, but two minutes we would either be in quiet not much.” water below the falls, slapping each other “Liar!” whispered Wux to me. But he on the back and saying, “Say, maybe we wasn't. ain't all right;" or else we would be, per At Narrowsburg we again consulted the haps, clinging to a rock in mid-stream while map and discovered two triangles, one the boat floated away, leaving us no possi above and one below Westcolang Park. ble way of reaching shore excepting, of They were marked BAD. My friend course, by aerial navigation. looked at the triangles and thought of “Now, if I could swim," said my friend, Cochecton. So did i. He looked out of in a drawling tone which betrayed no ex the hotel window at the beautiful scenery citement. about the little town and suggested tenta- “Well, perhaps we had better look these tively that we spend the rest of our vaca- falls over before we shoot them,” | an tion there. swered in an equally collected tone. “Shall "I do not want to go home till we have we? Speak quick!" shot some of the rapids on this river "Well, you might drive her in here if you marked ‘bad' on the map; and I know you like.” We were close to the shore, and I do not. I am sorry we did not shoot drove the boat in between two rocks at the Cochecton. It is a stigma upon us, a re- head of the falls. Getting out, we jumped proach." from rock to rock along the shore, beating “I know, I know. But we have not the brush as we went with a stout stick as heard of anybody making this trip in a a precaution against rattlesnakes. (They rowboat. Everywhere you see canoes; a do not come down to the water till August, canoe can dodge a rock when dead on, but but we did not know that.) a rowboat is lethargic and unwieldy. You The falls seemed to be made up of three can't write a letter S around two rocks the successive drops with waves about four feet way a canoe will do it. And then,” he con- high at the foot of the last one. The first tinued, “you do not take a rift the way the two I felt we could make successfully, if we natives do it; they go down stern first and were lucky, but the last one had a huge row up stream as the current carries them rock placed at the bottom of the drop and down, thus deftly dropping the boat be- almost directly in the course of any craft tween the rocks. You go bow on with that essayed it. I looked at my companion your back to the front and your head and read in his face the same conclusion I twisted around like an owl looking for mice. had already formed. However we will go down to Lackawaxen Skimming Down the Delaware 477 to-morrow and wipe those triangles off the have made no difference anyway, for the map.” boat insisted on going over it; and over it we went, the stern dragging on the rock On the next day we got an early start and but not retarding the speed. We dropped soon saw in the distance the canoeists who into a mass of waves which slapped Wux had encamped for the night above Narrows in the face and me in the back of the neck. burg. With an eye to what was before us The amount of water we shipped was sur- we dawdled along, rowing lazily through prisingly small when we looked back at the eddies and taking the rifts at the speed what we had come through. of the current. We wanted them to go Our friends, the canoeists, were indeed first, and they soon paddled by and were drying their clothes. One of the canoes lost to sight around a bend. About a was half full of water and had been saved mile above Westcolang we entered what from a spill by the paddler in the stern, seemed like a rather long rift, but quickly who dexterously leaped to a rock, righted found ourselves in a seething mass of rocks her and jumped back in again. and leaping water, and our little green boat “What do you think of that water?" darting into the midst of it like a hawk asked my companion of one of them who after a chicken. As I rowed with my face was wiping the water from a shotgun with twisted forward I caught a momentary his pocket handkerchief. glimpse below the rift of two canoes drawn "We shipped less water going through up on the shore and something white hang Cochecton Falls.” ing from the bushes. It occurred to me Turning to me Wux remarked, “We that they were drying their underclothes could have gone through Cochecton just as after shooting the rift. We knew they easily as an eеl can squirm through your were watching us with interest. fingers.” attention was fully occupied for the mo The next bad place just above Lacka- ment. Wux was shouting out, “Rock on waxen we went through with the ease and your right! Rock dead ahead!” Once confidence born of vast experience. We the stern struck heavily, but he put a leg simply ate it up with an appetite for more. out and we were off again. It was all There is an intoxication about running down hill now and there was nothing but rapid water which few other things pro- the final leap into stiller water. I had not duce. It is akin to the feeling of the small a moment to choose, for right before us boy after his first battle and victory; he the water fell over a huge table-rock and wants to fight the whole neighborhood. dropped a couple of feet, forming a mass At Lackawaxen we counted our small of choppy waves. How deep the water change, looked at the calendar and sold the , 'as on this rock I did not know. It would green boat for six dollars. But my GENERAL HENRY LEE "LIGHT HORSE HARRY" OF THE REVOLUTION BY LYNN TEW SPRAGUE FRONTISPIECE ILLUSTRATION BY STANLEY M. ARTHURS cause. N the political status, social complexion ist, and sprung from an ancient and noble and moral temper of the two centers family. The founder of his line was Sir of English colonization that were most Launcelot Lee, who came to England with influential in the creation of the republic, William the Conqueror. Richard bought there were, as all readers of history know, large tracts of land in Westmoreland wide and seemingly unreconcilable differ County, and built a manor house which, ences. New England, narrow, frugal, in from his native home, he called “Stratford tense and Puritan, possessed a larger House.” He was so ardently cavalier in measure of political autonomy than the sentiment that during the protectorate of Old Dominion, and was perhaps more Cromwell he visited Prince Charles in exile deeply imbued with the spirit of freedom. and offered to set up the standard of revolt But Virginia, aristocratic, wealthy, cava in Virginia. Yet this same Richard Lee lier and Anglican in religion though she was the founder of that family, pre-eminent might be, was not less insistent on what in all those qualities upon which Virginians she deemed her rights. The flame of war most pride themselves, which perhaps gave was first fanned to life by the determined a larger number of really distinguished spirit of the men of New England; but men to the Revolution than any family Virginia made far greater sacrifices for the in the Colonies. Francis Lightfoot Lee, The claim of being “the cradle of scholar and statesman, signer of the Dec- liberty” and the “birthplace of the re laration of Independence, was his great- public,” so long put forth by the sons of grandson; so was Arthur Lee, statesman New England for their soil, seems strange and diplomat; so too was Richard Henry in the light of facts. For though New Lee, statesman and orator, who also signed England writers have called Colonial Vir the Declaration, and who was the mover ginians “slaves of church and king,” it of the first resolution that dissolved the was Virginia that first dissolved its alle political connection between Great Brit- giance to that king. It was, too, a Vir ain and the Colonies. The old royalist ginian who moved in the Continental Con was also the great-great-grandfather of gress that "these united colonies are and General Henry Lee, the subject of this ought to be free and independent colo sketch, who was the most brilliant officer nies”; another Virginian who wrote the of his years in the American army and the Declaration of Independence; another who most renowned of its cavalry leaders. led the armies of the states to victory and If so much of genealogy in so brief a was the first president of the new nation; sketch seems a violation of proportion, it another is called the “Prophet of the Rev is offered to illustrate how, with the very olution,” and still another the “Father of birth of a republic of equal opportunity the Constitution." and rights, all class distinctions were merged In the reign of Charles I. there came to by the patriots in the Old Dominion. If Virginia an English gentleman by the name aristocratic Virginia gave bountifully of of Richard Lee, He was a stanch royal her best to democratic statecraft, she gave 478 General Henry Lee 479 The Peale portrait of General Henry Lee. hanging in the Independence Hall, Philadelphia. to its battles not less bountifully from all gime was at its height when he came into her classes. She gave gallant Daniel Mor the world. On the lordly estates, lavish gan, who was of her plebeian blood, and who hospitality and courtly manners of that rose to be, after his great chief, the most time a class of historians and novelists of efficient officer among her sons; but she our day love to dwell. Young Henry was gave also to the army the flower of her pa- emphatically of “quality.” He was nur- trician stock: she gave Washington and tured and bred in an atmosphere of cava- she gave Lee. lier sentiment and custom. At Stratford, Henry Lee was born in Westmoreland the great manor house of his cousin, he County, Va.,-a county which has been mingled with an exclusive society of offi- the birthplace of two presidents and many cials and planters who wore powdered statesmen of the first class on the 29th wigs and silk stockings; and when his day of January, 1756, and so was nineteen father took him to Williamsport, the old years of age when the battle of Concord colonial capital, he saw the court of Lord and Lexington was fought. The old ré Dunmore and his lady, and watched the 480 The Outing Magazine stately dames and gallant cavaliers as they From the very first he won distinction. stepped the ceremonious measures of the His care of men and horses, his young and minuet. No doubt, too, at Raleigh tavern fiery spirit, his personal dash and bravery, he heard the gentlemen discuss over their made his services doubly efficient. Though port the latest affair of gallantry or the his command was small, at his own solici- latest duel. Henry was most carefully tation he was allowed to do much inde- trained and educated in all that it was then pendent work. He scoured the country deemed a gentleman should know, could on the flanks of the army, harassed the ride hard on the fox's trail, fence dex- enemy's outpost, brought in as prisoners trously and use the pistol with skill. When foragers and stragglers. foragers and stragglers. In a few weeks his future companion in arms, Daniel Mor he so won Washington's admiration and gan, was drinking and brawling in a Vir- regard that the chief chose Lee's company ginia country tavern, private tutors were as his guard when the battle of German- instructing Henry's boyhood, and under town was fought, Oct. 4, 1777. their tuition he proved himself an apt When the British marched upon Phila- scholar. He entered Princeton College just delphia, Colonel Alexander Hamilton and as his great compatriot, the profound and Captain Lee, with a few dragoons, were sent studious Madison, took his degree, and by Washington to destroy a certain mill and was writing Latin verses while the Revo the flour it contained, to prevent the same lution was brewing. He was graduated at from falling into the hands of the enemy. eighteen, the celebrated Dr. Shippen pre The detachment narrowly escaped capture. saging his future eminence, and returned As they were embarking in scows to re- home to find his native state seething cross the mill stream, the advance of the with political unrest. His father was over enemy came up, and Lee now gave a strik- the mountains engaged in negotiating on ing illustration of his resource and daring, behalf of the Colonies a treaty with the hich saved the little command: Gat Indians, and young Henry took charge of ing quickly the bravest of the horsemen, he the large estate and managed it with con made a dash for a bridge farther up the summate skill for a year or more. The stream, which was held by the foe. The Lees had been the stanchest of royalists diversion gave Hamilton time to get away, and churchmen for a century, but they but that officer was much concerned for were Virginians first of all, and when the Lee's safety. The gallant Lee, however, rights of the colony were threatened stood cut his way to the other shore and im- forth, without hesitation, in the front rank mediately dispatched word to Washington of patriots. Revolution was in the air. of Hamilton's peril. As the General was Patrick Henry was thrilling the burgesses reading this dispatch Colonel Hamilton and people with the fire of his eloquence. rode up to report Lee's probable loss. Jefferson had just printed his "Summary During the terrible winter of '77 and '78 View of the Rights of British America,” at Valley Forge, Lee's high and hopeful and Richard Henry Lee had conceived temper, his youthful cheerfulness and en- and brought about the Committees of Cor- thusiasm, served to inspirit officers and respondence which united the Colonies. troops. He laughed to scorn all thought Young Henry's patriotism was ardent. of discouragement, and was at once so full He set himself to the study of military of energy and cautious courage that his lit- science; he read with relish and zeal the tle command, which owing to his rigid history of every European war. His love care was among the few effectives, was of horses, his delight in riding and skill as sent on many daring missions, and he a horseman made him choose the cavalry kept Washington informed of the enemy's arm of service, and in 1776, at the age of movements. His system of tactics was as twenty, he received a captain's commission efficient as it was novel, and he so annoyed in the Virginia Dragoons. He drilled his the outposts of the foe that the British company with unflagging effort. It be- commanders determined to destroy his came noted for the precision, dash and command and capture his person. In rapidity of its maneuvers. In September, January, '78, when scouting and foraging 1777, he joined Washington's army in in the neighborhood of the enemy's line, Pennsylvania. he advanced close to their outposts with General Henry Lee 481 ten picked men. A British officer dis- A British officer dis- rally so strong that apparently no fear of covered his move, and dispatched two hun attack was entertained. Mad Anthony dred troopers to take him. Lee's four Wayne's achievement in storming and cap- patrols were seized, but they gave alarm turing Stony Point had stirred the emula- and the young captain threw his little tion of young Major Lee. From Wash- force into a stone house and derided the ington he begged and obtained leave to summons to surrender. An assault was attempt the assault of Paulus Hook. It made, but Lee, well fortified and armed, seemed a mad venture. The point lay out defended himself with desperate valor. A some distance in the river, and the only hotter little battle never took place. The land approach was by a sandy isthmus, wind- British, confident in their overwhelming ing along and crossing which was a deep numbers, attacked on all sides of the house. creek, and between the creek and the fort Lee's men were few, but he had with him a canal had been dug across the isthmus. the crack shots of his company and was This trench was crossed by a drawbridge, no mean marksman himself. The fight on the fort side of which was a barred raged for an hour. The assaulting troop- gate, and beyond the gate a double row of ers were without protection, and Lee and abattis surrounding the fort. Its capture his little band picked off their officers. seemed hopeless, but the enterprise aroused After suffering severely the British retired Lee's daring genius. He laid his plans to cover to devise new measures, and Lee, with the utmost secresy, and on the after- with no loss except his patrols, made a noon of the 18th of August, 1779, started dashing escape. His services during that on his march. His three hundred troops winter of intense suffering won him the he divided into two bodies, which were to rank of Major, and his proved resourceful take different routes to avoid arousing sus- ness as an independent leader soon brought picion. But in the march his supporting him the command of a partisan corps of column unfortunately got lost. Lee at the three companies of cavalry, with a small head of the other party arrived at his des- body of supporting infantry. With this tination near the fort at midnight. For command he continued to render most con three nervous hours he awaited the arrival spicuous service. The celerity with which of the other column, and then, daylight ap- he moved, his impetuous dash, which yet proaching and the tide rapidly rising, he was always prudent, led Washington to se ordered an advance. With a rush the men lect him for skirmishing and foraging duty plunged into the swamp and through the during the campaign of '78. His youth waist-deep creek-Lee at their head. They delayed promotion, but his fame grew. were not discovered. Silently they plunged He began to be called “Legion Harry” into the canal, but when they were climb- and “Light Horse Harry Lee.” Detached ing over the abattis the alarm was given. bodies of the enemy's troops were always A volley of musketry saluted them, but cautioned to look out for Lee's ubiquitous they answered it only with a shout as they light dragoons. At the head of his fleet broke for the fort. It was a mad and lu- troop of horse-legion, he loved to call it dicrous race for the inner defenses, between he had a variety of romantic adventures the outer garrison and the assaulting party. and keen races with the enemy's cavalry. In they went together, but Lee's men were all of which suited his enthusiastic youth. superior in numbers and desperately in But a more momentous service awaited earnest. The commanding officer of the him in the South, and in so brief a sketch fort and sixty of the inner garrison, utterly we can only mention his most brilliant ex surprised though they were, had time to ploits while with the army of the North. throw themselves into a block-house to the In the summer of 1779, while stationed left of the fort. After bayoneting a few near the Hudson a little south of the high- of the remaining one hundred and sixty, lands, Lee discovered on one of his frequent the rest surrendered and were made pris- scouting expeditions that the British fort oners. Daylight now dawned. The fort at Paulus Hook, opposite New York and could not be held, and the alarm had on the site of the present water front of reached the other shore. There was no Jersey City, was occupied by a careless and time to reduce the block-house or even negligent garrison. The place was natu to destroy the fort. The cannons were 482 The Outing Magazine spiked, light arms seized, the prisoners did in truth win victory through defeat quickly marshaled and a retreat begun. and showed himself one of the greatest It was a headlong affair, for Lee was hard strategists in the world. He appreciated pressed by British light dragoons thrown Lee at his full worth. With the rank of across from New York, but after a desper Lieutenant Colonel, that young officer now ate race and some sharp skirmishing he led his legion, acting much of the time reached safety with all his prisoners and independently. He commanded the rear the loss of but two men. It was a brilliant guard, the post of greatest danger, in the and gallant exploit. Thousands of the retreat into Virginia, and fought and won best British troops were just across the a brisk cavalry battle with the British Hudson and the post was supposedly im troopers. After Greene had made his es- pregnable. It was in fact, as one Ameri cape, Lee was sent with his light dragoons can historian has suggested, something into North Carolina to harass Cornwallis, "like pulling the king's nose upon his and at this time a picturesque incident oc- throne.” curred: On the march he met with a mes- Lee served with increasing fame in the senger from Colonel Pyle, who commanded North; in every engagement he distin a regiment of Tories that were endeavoring guished himself for gallant conduct, and to join Cornwallis. The messenger, not when the affairs of the Colonies became so suspecting that any hostile cavalry could pitifully desperate in the South after Gates' be in the district, mistook Lee for Colonel crushing defeat, he was one of the officers Tarleton, the British cavalry chief; Lee selected by Washington to serve under allowed the mistake to pass, assumed to be Greene, who had taken command of the Tarleton, and sent the messenger back remnants of the shattered army in the with orders to Colonel Pyle to bring on his Carolinas. The Commander-in-chief wrote troops in haste. After waiting a little Congress that "Major Lee has rendered time he marched to meet the advancing such distinguished service and possesses Tories, and falling upon them completely so many talents,” and that “he deserves so destroyed the force. much credit for the perfection in which he Just before the battle of Guilford Court has kept his corps, as well as for the hand House, Lee, again in the American rear some exploits he has performed.” In so nearest the advancing enemy, suddenly brief a sketch we can only give the most wheeled and dashed against the British fragmentary glimpses of him in his new advance guard under the savage Tarleton field, where he won such brilliant laurels and and drove it back upon the main line, in- proved himself the ablest commander of flicting much loss. He spoke very mod- cavalry in the war. estly of this victory, and ascribed it to the Greene's task was as momentous as ever superior weight of his horses. Colonel fell to a commander. To suffer one real Tarleton's horses were much inferior to defeat would have been the ruin of the ours, he said. “When we met, the momen- cause of independence, for he led the last tum of the one must crush the other.” army, ill-equipped, inadequate, unpaid, At the battle of Guilford Court House, half starved, that the Colonies could bring March 15, 1781, Lee, though deserted by into the field to oppose Cornwallis in the the militia that was to support him, fought South, and he had to face an able and with desperate valor, and held the British experienced general commanding the best at bay, and again covered Greene's re- troops Britain could muster. Greene scarce treat. He was the hero of a day so stub- ly dared risk a victory for fear of its bornly fought that though the British were cost. He fought, inflicted what damage left masters of the field their casualties he could and then retired. “We fight, were tremendous, and Cornwallis was com- get beaten and fight again,” he wrote pelled to retreat and leave his wounded to Washington, and the great Charles Fox ex the care of Greene. “The name of victory claimed in the British Commons after one was the sole enjoyment of the conqueror, of Greene's defeats-a defeat which had the substance belonged to the vanquished." cost Cornwallis nearly forty per cent. of When Cornwallis withdrew into Virginia his command-“Another such a victory to so cruelly waste the land and to destroy would destroy the British army." Greene property to the value of fifty millions of General Henry Lee 483 5 came. dollars, a fabulous sum in those early days, other. Never was a more perplexing mo- and to end the war in his own destruc ment.” With every change of front a new tion at Yorktown, Greene's army marched alarm came from flank or rear. Lee was south again and Lee joined that greatest of now sure he was surrounded by the enemy guerilla chiefs, Marion, in South Carolina. in force, who “had reconnoitered with Their joint exploits in the reduction of perseverance and placed himself in every Forts Watson and Mott we have already spot most certain of success.” But Lee mentioned in the sketch of Marion. Lee's determined to fight and attempt to cut his command, uniting with Pickens, afterward way through when the daylight attack assaulted and took Fort Grierson, and laid * Brave soldiers can always be siege to and captured Fort Cornwallis, the trusted with the situation,” says Lee. He defenses to Augusta. He led one of the "passed along the line of infantry, made assaulting columns against the celebrated known our condition, reminding them of British post known as Ninety-Six, when their high reputation, enjoining profound Greene attempted to storm that strong silence, and assuring them with their cus- hold, and displaying his habitual intrepid tomary support there was no doubt but ity, was successful. But as the supporting that a way could be forced to the Pedee.” column failed, he was compelled to relin To the cavalry he “briefly communicated quish his victory. the dangers that surrounded us, mingled All through the desperate war in the with expressions of thorough confidence South Lee showed not only unsurpassed that every man would do his duty.” So daring but also what Washington called the dark hours of suspense wore away. “his great resources of genius.” Then, with the first glimpses of daylight, Lee was a scholar and a man of letters, “the van officer directed his attention to no less than a man of action. He wrote the road for the purpose of examining the a lucid and impartial account of Greene's trail of our active foe, when to his astonish- campaigns, and his volume of reminiscences ment he found the track of a large pack of and Greene's dispatches are the chief au wolves,” and on examination it was found thorities for the history of the war in the that the beasts, interrupted in their march, Carolinas. From his graphic accounts had passed entirely around the camp. of bloody battles he sometimes digresses Our agitation vanished and was succeed- gracefully. He tells, among a hundred ed by facetious glee. Nowhere do wit others, this incident that occurred on one and humor abound more than in camps. of his independent expeditions, which he Never had a day's march been more pleas- thinks "worthy of relation from its sin ant. For a time the restraint of discipline gularity.” He was moving secretly and ceased. Every character, not excepting swiftly to join Marion and was in camp the commanders, was hit, and very salutary near the Little Pedee. “Between two and counsel was imparted to him by the men three in the morning the officer of the day under cover of a joke.” Lee tells another was informed that a strange noise had been remarkable story, the romantic interest of heard in front of the picket stationed on which leads us to include it: When Savan- the great road near the creek, resembling nah was invested by the American army, that occasioned by men marching through Captain French, with a small body of Brit- a swamp. Presently toward that quarter ish regulars and five small vessels, was sta- the sentinel fired, which was followed by tioned twenty miles up the river, and the the sound of the bugle calling in the horse proximity of the American force made him patrols, as was our custom on the advance nervous. Col. John White of the Georgia of the enemy. The troops were immedi line wanted to capture this detachment, ately summoned to arms and arrayed for but no soldiers could be spared by the defense. The officer of the day and one American general for the undertaking. patrol concurred in asserting that they Now the colonel was a determined and heard plainly the progress of horsemen, masterful man and resolved to make the concealing with the utmost care their ad venture on his own account. He persuad- vance. In a few moments, in a different ed his three orderlies and Captain Etholm quarter of our position, another sentinel aid him. At the fall of night they built fired, and soon from another quarter an a great many fires in the woods near the 484 The Outing Magazine ance. British post, arranged so as to give the im into order of battle. “The North Caro- pression of a hostile camp of large force. lina militia under Colonel Malmedy, with Then the Colonel and his four friends, “im that of South Carolina led by Brigadiers itating the manner of the staff, rode with Marion and Pickens, making the first, and haste in various directions, giving orders the Continentals making the second line; in a loud voice. French became satisfied Lieut. Colonel Campbell with the Virginians that a large body of the enemy were upon on the right, Brigadier Sumner with the him, and being summoned by Colonel White, North Carolinians in the center, and the he surrendered his detachment, the crews Marylanders conducted by Williams and of five vessels and one hundred and thirty Howard on the left, resting its left flank on stand of arms.” Colonel White pretended the Charleston road. Lee with his legion that he must keep back his troops, as Tory was charged with the care of the right, as outrages had infuriated them and indis was Henderson with his corps with that of criminate slaughter might take place. He the left flank.” The artillery was divided took the parole of the British captain and between the front and the rear lines, and soldiers not again to serve, gave them three Lieut. Colonel Washington commanded the guides, his orderlies, to escort them to safe reserves. One of the bloodiest and most quarters, and hurried them away before important of Revolutionary encounters daybreak lest the fury of his pretended followed. The militia fell back after a soldiers should fall upon them. “The af stout resistance, but their place was im- fair approaches too near the marvelous," mediately filled up by the Continentals, adds Lee, "to have been admitted into and for an hour victory hung in the bal- these memoirs, had it not been uniformly Then it was that the genius of Lee asserted at the time, as uniformly accred asserted itself and saved the army and ited, and never contradicted.” perhaps the cause. Perceiving that, his Greene, aided by such independent corps extreme right overreached the enemy's as those commanded by Lee and by Col. line, he gathered it together, formed it with William Washington, a distant relation of masterly skill, and then hurled it with all the Commander-in-chief and after Lee the his fury upon the left flank of the enemy, most brilliant of American cavalry lead who were thus doubled back in confusion, ers, and by the partisan troops led by the and then by a general and spirited advance great Marion and by Pickens, Sumner and along the whole American front, driven others, had at length won every post in with great slaughter from their camp. the interior of the Carolinas, and the British "In our pursuit we took three hundred fell back toward the coast. As always, prisoners and two pieces of artillery.” A Greene hung upon their heels, striking great victory seemed to have been gained. when he could. Finally, having united But unfortunately Greene's half-famished the partisan bands with his main army, he pursuing soldiers, in passing through the stole upon the enemy's camp near Eutaw captured British camp, scented the break- Springs, and here was fought what proved fast that had been preparing when the to be his last pitched battle. Here, too, enemy was surprised, and unable to resist Lieut. Colonel Lee rendered by his impetu- stopped, in spite of their officers' efforts to ous daring his most important service during urge them on, to satisfy their ravenous the campaign. Lee's account of the battle hunger. Unfortunately, too, Colonel Wash- is as modest as it is lucid, and we may be ington, who had struck the enemy's reserve pardoned if we quote a few sentences. He in an attempt to gain the rear, had not been always speaks of himself in the third per as fortunate as Lee but, entangled in the son. “Greene advanced at four in the brush, his horse fell under him and he was morning, Sept. 8, 1781, in two columns, wounded and taken prisoner. The forces with artillery at the head of each, Lieut. opposed to him, however, had fallen back Colonel Lee in front and Lieut. Colonel Wash to cover their defeated comrades, but the ington in his rear." A foraging party and delay of the too tempting breakfast gave their guards were put to flight and partly the British time to re-form, and advancing captured. Still advancing, they struck the upon the American soldiers as they ate, British line of battle drawn up in front of they regained their camp. The account the camp. The Americans at once fell would seem ludicrous if it did not so piti- General Henry Lee 485 fully attest the pinching want of the Ameri of his staff should be such as he could place can troops. Eutaw Springs, however, was confidence in,” and asked that Colonel Lee a substantial victory. The Americans, be made a Major General. He often testi- driven from the British camp, re-formed and fied to his “love and thanks" to Lee as a were ready to advance again, when night man; indeed the fact that both Washington fell and the battle ceased, and Greene was and Lee were of the patrician stock of the obliged to retire to a quarter where water Old Dominion, and the further fact that could be secured. Part of the British, Lee's mother was that early sweetheart of however, had never stopped in their flight, the great chief to whom in his ardent youth and next day the whole British force de he wrote verses, have led some to think camped, after destroying their baggage and that his favor rested not altogether on in- stores. Lee, as usual, was in hot pursuit. trinsic value. But Lee's record as a soldier He met and defeated the cavalry of the was won on the highest merit alone. The rear guard in a hot skirmish; he also cap illustrious Greene, least partial of chiefs, tured some of the enemy's wagons carrying declared himself to be under an obligation the wounded, but, as he says, “the success to Lee that he “could never cancel," and turned out to be useless, for the miserable on an occasion of some slight difference wounded supplicated so fervently to be between them he wrote Lee: “I believe permitted to proceed that Lieut. Colonel that few officers, either in Europe or Amer- Lee determined not to add to their misery ica, are held in so high a point of estimation and to his trouble, but taking off his own as you are. Everybody knows I have the wounded, returned to Marion, leaving the highest opinion of you as an officer, and wagons and their wounded to continue their you know I love you as a friend. No man route.” Eutaw Springs had been bloodily in the progress of the campaign had equal contested. “Of six commandants of regi merit with yourself.” ments bearing Continental commissions, Lee was twenty-seven years old when Williams and Lee only were unhurt.” The the treaty of peace was signed, and thirty- British had 2,500 men, Greene 2,300, and five years of conspicuously useful and hon- the ratio of loss was nearly twenty-five per orable life that was full of interesting inci- cent. to each army. Greene fell back to dents remained to him. But we have to the high hills to recuperate. Nearly one confine ourselves to sketching thus im- half of his army was disabled by wounds or perfectly the adventurous career of this sickness. Unpaid for months, much of the able, brilliant, devoted and dauntless pa- time half clad and underfed-never were triot. He was sent to Congress several soldiers more patriotic. And they fought times by his district; he was Governor of with unsurpassed valor. The armies of Virginia from 1792 to 1795. While Gov- the Revolution were small, but their bat ernor he was selected by Congress to lead tles were terribly sanguinary. No such the troops that suppressed the Whiskey ratio of loss is recorded in any modern Rebellion in Pennsylvania. He was in Con- wars. gress when Washington died, and being Eutaw Springs proved to be Lee's last appointed to pronounce the eulogium, was battle of any consequence. He was sent the author of those words of eulogy which by Greene to consult with Washington have been more quoted than perhaps any when the British had retired upon Charles words ever spoken in the national legis- ton, and before he returned Cornwallis lature, “First in war, first in peace, and had surrendered at Yorktown, Oct. 19, first in the hearts of his countrymen.' 1781. Lee had won a military fame of With the election of Jefferson, Lee re- imperishable glory at the age of twenty tired to private life. He was twice mar- five. Washington's opinion of him as a ried. By his first wife, a second cousin soldier we have seen, and when in 1798, named Matilda Lee, he came into a large after his presidential terms, he accepted estate which included the old Manor House again supreme command of the national of Stratford, the seat of the founder of the army and found himself, as he wrote American branch of the Lee family. He Hamilton, “embarking once more upon a had received a good property from his boundless field of responsibility and trou father and was now a wealthy man. But ble," he wished that "the principal officers lordly living and lavish hospitality im- 486 The Outing Magazine paired his fortune, and his later life was West Indies proving of no avail, he re- embarrassed by pecuniary troubles. By turned to die in the land he had so ably his second wife he left a large family, and and nobly served. His gallant spirit his masculine descendants have added to passed away at Cumberland Island, Geor- the glory of American arms. gia, on the 25th of March, 1818. One more warlike and unfortunate ad Lee was a very handsome man, above venture awaited his last years. Riots had the average height, and was possessed of a resulted in Baltimore in 1814 from publi sweet and frank temper. His social charm cations in the Federal Republican of that was equal to his courage and capacity. city, and the mob destroyed the printing He was in all ways typical of the best blood house and threatened the home of the of the South. If he appreciated his own editor. He was a warm personal friend, worth, his high breeding forbade offense. and the chivalric spirit of Lee prompted His generous mode of life sprang from old him to offer his services in the defense of custom and aristocratic training, but he his house. Two of the mob were killed was republican to the core, and underwent and many wounded. The military au the hardships of the most arduous and thorities found it necessary to shield Lee terrible campaigns with unruffled spirit. and his friends from the fury of the rioters He was fitted to shine in many fields, and by lodging them in the city jail, but in the is one of the most brilliant characters of night the mob reassembled in overpower our early history. But perhaps when all ing numbers, broke open the jail and killed is said his greatest distinction in the heart or frightfully maimed the inmates. Lee of his native South is that he was the father barely escaped with his life and he never of the beloved and able leader of the armies regained his health. A sea voyage to the of the Confederacy. MIDSUMMER BY L. M. MONTGOMERY The world is in its splendor of a lavish, fair outflowering, And in the idle valleys the dreams are thick and sweet, While every wind from golden west and purple south is showering The petals of the roses all about our gypsy feet. In every glen and dingle, in every poppied meadow, Is upgathered all the ripeness and the sweetness of the year; All the hills are drunk with sunshine, all the woodways pranked with shadow. Oh, the best that ever artist limned or poet sung is here! WINKLER SHORE VI. WINKLER'S DUCHESS BY GOUVERNEUR MORRIS ILLUSTRATED BY FREDERIC DORR STEELE T were after we found the money in the and the pictures of various kings and queens pest house, sir,” said Winkler, "that that had had their heads cut off for eating Brainie M'Gan, as ever was, an' me too much bread. And the next day we run out of a job in Southampton, and visited the Invalids, which is mostly dead, allowed we'd have an outing on the Con and had dinner at a place with sawdust on tinong and take a look at the chief dovers the floor, off a duck which the man put of art and religion that has retracted the whole with a piece of lemon into a kind of progress of the Old World since the time of cotton-press and squeezed into soup plates, the Merojinjin kings. through a spiggot. And then Brainie he “So we bought swell clothes, and crossed began to kick. Says he: to Cherbourg in a old side-wheeler, that "Winkler, this may be your idea of doin' was forsakin' by everything except rats. Paris, but it ain't mine. Paris is the place You'll have been to Cherbourg, sir, and for women and wine, Winkler, and I passes taken note of the fine break-water with out no more money to institortions. To- cannons along the top, and the hills and day we'll tank up at the different coffees on apple orchards beyond the town. Cher the Avenue Delopera, and to-night we'll bourg is a famous summer resort for chasten this antique city and paint her red. French warships, but it's knowed chiefly I'm for my money's worth,' says Brainie, because of the hand-to-hand encounter and he give me a leer and jingled the gold which once occurred there between two in his pockets. American ships, and because of a race in “What could I do, sir, being weak and which an English yacht tried to cheat an easy led, and Brainie that masterful and American yacht out of a cup that she had determined? won. “Sooner than see you make a beast of "Well, sir, we went aboard a train, and yourself, Brainie,' says I, “I'll drink with traveled first-class, like gentlemen, to Paris; you till I can't see at all, and if you finishes and there we went to a fashionable hotel up in the Morgue,' says 1-'and mighty and started in to do the town. snug you'd look on one of them slabs with “The first day in the morning we went the water runnin' over you-it won't be for to the Louver, and come out with head- solitary drinkin', which is against decency aches and kinks in the backs of our necks. and nature.' And Brainie he let on to be in love with the “So we went to the nearest coffee on the Venis der Milo, and said if she ever come to Avenue Delopera, and it weren't necessary life she could stow her clothes in his chest, to go no further. which were perlite, but misleadin'. In the “Brainie and me begun by callin' for a afternoon we visited Notre Dam and the gin-fizz apiece, for there was a sign in Eng- Morgue—the first because it sounded pro lish which allowed that in that coffee and no fane, and the second as a warning to Brainie; other they knowed how to mix American and the next day we took seats on a four drinks. We drank it down, but it weren't horse rig and drove to Versels with a crowd very good. So we tried a couple of rye of fine people, and saw the fountains spout, highballs, and they was no better. And 487 488 The Outing Magazine “ Bring two,' says Brainie, and they was brought. “Tastes like the seed-cookies my grand- mother used to make,' says Brainie, and he finished his in two swallers. Then he looks toward me and seen that mine were al- ready a part of the dim past. “Two more,' says Brainie, and he com- menced to lick his lips. “That were a peculiar day, sir. At first there was just me and Brainie conversin’ intimate and sociable, and drinkin' our drinks. And then there was four of us, all drinkin', me and Brainie and two ladies that claimed to be duchesses, and looked like empresses, bein' all feathers an'friendliness; and then, sir, there was night and stars and clear water ahead, and trees and villages and lights rollin' by, and behind me some- thing spun and clicked like a big top, but I dassn't look, because just beyond my nose was a kind a long, slantin' wedge, with wa- ter rushin' round it, and whenever I moved the wedge moved, and in a second I found that my hands was glued to the spokes of a Slity wheel, and that I was steerin' a boat. But it might have been a jolly shark, sir, it moved so fast, though it steered more like a salmon, and the hairs begun to stand up on "The first day we went to the Louver." my head, sir, which ached. Pretty soon I seen dead ahead a kind of Fourth of July the cocktails we ordered next was worse celebration, but it was only the lights of than the highballs. Then Brainie says: a bridge. In a minute we was at it. "Winkie,' says he, 'when you're in Rome “Heads!' I bellus, and ducks mine. But do as the Romans do.' for all I knowed I were alone in the boat. “And I says, 'Brainie, we ain't in Rome, Beyond the bridge there was the outskirts but I'm open to anything except another of two towns, one on each side of the river, American drink.' and then dark forests and wide water. I “Done with you,' says Brainie, and he steadies the wheel and looks round. In cheeped to the head-waiter, who was a bust the midships section of the boat -- she in' Frenchman that talked a little English; might have been sixty foot long - | seed and Brainie says: a chunk of metal which give out the spin- “When a French gentleman wants a ning noise, and the shadder picture of a drink what does he order? I don't mean what does he order when he feels like a swig “What boat is this?' I sings out. of slops or dishwater, but when his tongue “Search me,' comes back a voice, and it is hangin' out of his mouth, and his hands were Brainie's. is twitchin', and his feet is restless, and the “How'd we get here?' I calls. money is burnin' his pockets, and he wants Search me,' says Brainie. a drink.' “Slow her down,' says I. “'Absinthe,' says the head - waiter, “Bin trying to for a hour,' says Brainie. 'dripped.' 'She's a motor boat. I run one a year ago "What's that?' says Brainie. on the Hudson, but this is a new kind.' “It's long,' says 1, ‘and it's green and “The words weren't out of his mouth cool;' for I was better edoocated than when the spinnin' noise stopped, and the Brainie. boat commenced to slow down. man. Winkler Ashore 489 “Got it,' says Brainie. Oh, man, but “And while we talked and planned, sir, I'm in a lather.' the duchesses fixed each other's hair as “A minute or two more, sir, and the only well as they could, and the stars begun to headway we had was give us by the current dim, and we drifted down the river in the of the river. dawn. “Now,' says Brainie, 'ask them what it “After a time Brainie he got the hang of means!' the engines, and the day broke, bright and “Them!' says I, and I looked in the blue. We made out that the boat's name bottom of the boat; and there, sir, by all was La Fleche—which is the French for that's holy, clinched like two wrestlers in arrer—and Brainie set the engines goin' the rubber boat, was the two duchesses. very slow, and we mosled down the river “Ladies,' I says, 'where are we?' till it got to be breakfust time. “Then, sir, the duchess which was my “There was nothin' to drink in the boat especial duchess she sat up, and begun to but gasoline (which is only a little safer than tidy her hair and reach for her hat. absinthe, sir), and nothin' to eat but the “Where are we, Duchess?' says I. duchesses; so we held a parley which led to “Then the other one she sat up and nothin', until, by and by, we come to the commenced to tidy her hair. mouth of a creek which was all hemmed “Them duchesses has lost their tongues,' about with thick trees, and the duchess says Brainie. “Wasn't we all talkin' friend which were my particular duchess—and a ly enough in the coffee? Wasn't we? And particular white duchess, by your leave, sir, now they don't understand nothin'.' -she motioned to me to run the boat into “Now that I think of it, Brainie,' says I, the creek, which I done. We had a light ‘they didn't talk none. But whenever I skiff towin' behind, half full of water, and spoke up they nodded and smiled.' the duchess which were my particular duch- "They done the same for me,' says ess, she signaled Brainie to fetch her along- Brainie, sharp as a pin. ‘And if they didn't side, which Brainie were in no hurry to do. talk none, you foolish little man, how did If ever a man's face looked like a disser- we get on to the fact of them bein' duch- pated why, sir, it were Brainie's. But my esses? I asks you that.' duchess she understood, which were be- “Maybe they was introduced to us, you cause she were a white duchess. First she hair-splittin' nicumpoop,' says I. And points to her mouth, then to her bosom, however it were, it don't matter none. The and nods her head and smiles. Then she facts is what we want. Whose boat is this makes out to be chewin'. Then she points and how did we get her?' off through the trees and jumps up and down “We don't know whose she is,' says Brainie, ‘and we think we stole her.' “Then we'll go to jail,' says 1, ‘us and the duchesses.' “Not if you're the man I takes you for,' says Brainie, ‘and not if I can mother this engine,' says he. We'll run for it, and they might as well fish for a shark that won't take bait, as to chase after this jigamaree.' "How about coal?' says I. “They burn coal under your grand- mother's grid,' says Brainie, “but this here's a motor boat, sabe, and she burns gasoline. She's gasolined for a week.' “What will we do with the duchesses?' says 1. “We'll learn 'em English and manners,' says Brainie, ‘and take 'em for a bang-up cruise. And send them home with their hearts broke and their pockets bulgin' with money.' "All feathers and friendliness." 490 The Outing Magazine . and then she points to the boat. Then she And it come out that she was a sure-enough points to that part of her dress which would duchess, out for a lark, and that Brainie's have been a trousers pocket if she had been duchess were only a lady's maid, and that a man, and then she holds out her hand we was on the river Sane somewheres be- palm up, toward me, and says: tween Paris and the channel. Then I asked “Cheenk-cheenk-if you please.' the duchess how much of a lark she was out “The poor, profane creature has gone for, and she allowed she had inflooential nutty,' says Brainie. friends in England, and wanted to know if "Nutty yourself,' says I, 'she's askin' me and Brainie could get her acrost in the me for money, so's she can go and get food motor boat. We allowed we could if there and drink;' and I says to my duchess, kind were no perlice interference and the weath- of playful, sir: er were clear, because the Fleche, or Arrer, “Duchess want chink-chink-sabe?' could knock the stuffin' out of thirty-knots “And the duchess she nodded her head without raisin' her feathers. and laughed. And the upshot were that we “So we poled out of the creek, for there set her ashore with a gold piece and our best was no way of backin' the Arrer, and begun wishes. But Brainie's duchess she were to slip down the river again, under what lazy, and she curled up on the cushions Brainie called our third speed, which were a and went to sleep. rate of goin' neither pell-mell nor draggin'. “After two hours' waitin' we hears a voice “My duchess made me learn her to steer, like a little girl's way off in the woods, and standin' in the bows with her garmints callin': pressin' into her with the wind, she looked “Allo, 'meestairs, good morning, please, like the woman called the Winged Victory allo, all right.' in the Louver, only she had a head and a “And we shouts in answer, and Brainie's hat with feathers, which is items that the duchess woke up, lookin' underfed, and my Victory were shipped without. duchess she come a-waltzin' through the “The reason we didn't go fast were trees, with her eyes bright as stars and a big Brainie's. He said if we kind of sort of hamper in each hand. loafed along nobody would suspect us of "Them hampers contained wine, sir, and nothin', and that when the pinch come it water, and roasted chickens and strawber would be time to show clean heels. ries, and milk and a brown jar of cream with “That were a happy cruise. Whenever a strawberry leaf tied over the top, and we got hungry or thirsty we hove to, and clubs of bread, and a hunk of cheese painted set the duchess ashore with the empty ham- red on one side; and the duchess, my duch pers and waited till she come back with 'em ess, sir, she spread them out, and she sat full. And then the other duchess that clost to me, sir, and she laughed and talked were a fake duchess would cheer up. But in French, sir, and swore in English, till it there were nothing real class about her, seemed to me like I had died and woke up like my duchess. And she couldn't talk in heaven, sir. two words of no languidge excep' French, “The other duchess-Brainie's, as was and so I guess she didn't hand that out she showed some signs of life, sir, but that any too precise. was mostly those of a shark. And it "Well, sir, it were all too happy to last. weren't till she had fed that her laugh had When we passed a town the people come any heart in it. out on the wharves and waved to us some, "And now,' says I, 'girls and boys, but nobody seemed on to us bein' robbers what's to be done? I wish I knowed in a stole boat. where we was.' “And we come in time to the mouth of “And Brainie says, “Try 'em in Spanish. the Sane, which is two curved dikes of Spanish don't sound like English and stone with a flag on the end of each one, French don't sound like English, so it before there were any trouble. There was looks as if Spanish and French ought to a lot of men in high hats standin'round the sound alike.' flags on one of the dikes, and the minute we “So I hove California Spanish into my hove into sight a puff of white smoke come duchess hot. And she answered back, out from among their legs, and they begun makin' sounds that I could understand. to wave their arms and look up river. At Winkler Ashore 491 first we thought it was us they was lookin' under the cliffs of Britain, we was half at, but the duchess, who were steerin', she drownded. looked over her shoulder and give a squall, “But my duchess she only laughed and and there tearin' down the river after us swore, and she run the Arrer straight for a was six motor-boats, the water roarin’ harbor that were full of yachts dressed in white about them. flags of all nations. Two of the yachts was “Let her go,' I yells to Brainie, and lyin' to under mainsails, and each mainsail makes for the wheel. But the duchess she had a big black number on it. The duchess pushed me aside, and she says in Spanish, she made for the line between them yachts, with a laugh: ‘Place for the ladies. And and the second she crossed it one of them she steadied the Arrer straight between the let go a cannon. And then, sir, the sailing flags with one hand, and with the other she yachts they let off cannons and the steam pulled the pins, which had diamond heads yachts they let off whistles and sirens, till to 'em, out of her hat, and threw the pins you'd a thought they was mad, and every- and the hat into the bottom of the boat. body yelled and waved their hats. "By that the other boats was almost on “The duchess she told me to tell Brainie us, and I looked to be took. But Brainie to slow down, which he done, and then she he weren't idle. And the Arter she give a run the Arrer alongside a wharf. And jerk and a jump, her stern settled, her Brainie and me made her fast and clumb bows riz, and she moved for England like a ashore. I hove up the duchess, and telegram. Brainie he hove up the fake duchess, and “Just as we run between the flags the then, sir, because we didn't darst to be gents in the high hats took a crack at us took, we made for to give 'em the slip, sir. with the cannon they had. Brainie and me But I says to mine in Spanish, I says: we dropped ourselves like hot horseshoes, “They'll be easy on you, my dear, bein'a and the fake duchess fetched a screech woman, and you can say as it were me stole and commenced to gruvel in the bottom of the boat and made you come. And here's the boat. But my duchess, she never all the money I've got, for your trouble,' moved, only smiled and kissed her hand to says I. 'And you're my fancy,' I says, 'for them as had tried to murder her. to cruise with, and here's a kiss, my dear, “The six motor-boats was hard on us, for good-by.' and splitting theirselves to close up, but the "But the duchess she pushed away the flags, sir, was a part of history, they was money, which were all I had, and she backed that far behind the times. When I looked off from the kiss, which I forgot to say that two of the perlice boats that was after at no time she hadn't let me kiss her nor us was suddenly jerked backward from hold her hand, even though for the rest she the 'bunch. And another begun to lose were very friendly. And she hauled a silk ground. But there was three left, runnin' purse out of her pocket, bulgin' with gold, neck and neck and lookin' hungry. And it and she slips it to me, and says—and she seemed to me they was closin' up some. says it in sure-enough English, sir, which And every second I thought they'd pull proved that she'd being guyin' us from the guns and try to pot us. But they must start-says she: have left the perlice station in a hurry and “I thought you was sober when I en- forgot to bring anything but their clubs. gaged you, Mr. Winkler. But you was full Not a shot were fired. of absinthe, it seems, and when we come “Them three boats, sir, held us half way aboard, and your companion, who is a to England. Then we struck into a tide low fellow, couldn't manage the motor, I rip, cross wind and chop sea all to onct, and thought we was lost. The plan was to stop that fixed two of 'em. The third she kep’ at my chato, and pick up my husband and on, but she weren't in the runnin'! Messed my clothes for the motor race between waters was the Arrer's strong point. But France and England. But we wasn't able strong waters more in the fake to stop, and it was too late to go back, and duchess's line. And the only thing she I was daft to have my boat win, and that's could hold on to were the Arrer's port rail. the argument. I overheard your low com- The spray hit us, sir, like shots out of a panion talking to you about motor-boats, gun, and when we come to smooth water and that was how I come to engage him, for was 492 The Outing Magazine But you my shofer had been took sick. had his points as a shofer, and so here's luck don't remember.' to you both. I thanks you, particular, for "No,' says I, feelin' pretty foolish. the respect you have showed to a woman “They was a crowd around us now, loaf that for all you knowed was light. And I ers and swells mixed. And the swells kep' wish you many prosperous voyages.' arrivin' in boats and climbin' up the wharf “That were the last I ever seed of my to shake the duchess's hands and admire at duchess, sir. But it don't do to mention her. But the duchess she gives me her her to Brainie, sir, because she said he was a hand to shake, and she laughs and says, low beast. Now Brainie were a low beast, Winkler, I likes you.' Then she gives me sir, he couldn't deny it himself. But it a ring with a tolerable diamond in it. 'If doesn't do to tell a man the truth.” you ever wants help,' says she, ‘send this to I said good-night to Winkler, and strolled the Duchess of Toulon, and you'll get it. aft, wondering if he had told the strict truth Your friend is a low beast, Winkler, but he to me. SUMMER ABSENCE BY ELSA BARKER I wonder if the trees that beckon thee To their deep shadows in thy lone retreat Are tender as my arms; and if the sweet Soft yielding grass clings to thee lovingly As I in drowsy hours. The ecstasy That quivers in the ever-moving wheat Whispers of love to thee, and the strong beat Of Nature's heart woos thee continually. Love, we are one, the moving wheat and I, And the great heart of Nature. When the trees Beckon to thee, I beckon; when the blades Of grass caress thy fingers as they lie Entangled with them, I am even in these, And I am hidden in the twilight shades. THE MAGIC OF THE RAIN BY CHARLES QUINCY TURNER T of \ the observer of trifles by the way There was but one explanation, and that side there are always surprises, and was suggested by two of my experiences the longer one observes the wider years ago. The drift rubbish which had does the horizon grow. A single fact for ages covered the lower clay soil had, I stowed away to-day illumines to-morrow have said, been removed, and the seeds of the way to another otherwise passed by un thousands of years agone, opened once heeded; and the two are the key, years more to the influence of light and air and hence, to some deeply interesting problem. the magic of the rain and sunshine, had Let me give a case in point, “a sermon bourgeoned and asserted their old-time in stones,” in Shakespeare's and not the right. That seeds long deprived of natural conventional sense. During the month surroundings retain their vitality has been just passed it was my daily necessity to partially proved by wheat grown from pass to and fro on one of the busiest thor seeds taken from Egyptian tombs, where oughfares of one of the largest of our East it had lain three thousand years; but my ern cities, where, as is common in these light to the grass-grown patch was a closer hustling days, an old-fashioned, two-storied analogy. corner store was torn down, the excavations When I was a boy I was, as all healthy at once beginning. The top surface of boys are, a bit of a collector, and amongst glacial drift stones, ranging from “nigger- other things which came to my net were heads” to coarse gravel, was very soon re butterflies. Now I was not a high and dry moved, and here and there the mica-schist scientific collector, but I knew some who rock was exposed, indicating the existence were, and among the some was an old vil- of a hollow pocket with shelving rock lage tailor who spent his every spare hour around. At the bottom of the pocket, over hunting for, and capturing and breeding, the basin of rock, were two or three feet of caterpillars into butterflies and moths, and clayey marl, perhaps better described as he had in his collection some few of the brick earth. rarest kind-in fact, of presumably extinct At this point some delay arose in the species; “the great copper, species; "the great copper," I think he building operations, and a fortnight of called them in the vernacular. Anyway, warm, rainy weather followed. This de where he got them and how he got them veloped over the patch of clay in the bot was the puzzle of the butterfly wiseacres. tom of the excavation a crop of a beauti It often happens that a foxy old col- fully fine, dark green grass, close and even, lector as he was enjoys the mystery of his like a lawn. Naturally this little oasis in gatherings and the perplexities of his sci- the surrounding desert of sheer rock caught entific friends so much that he is obliged my eye and excited my curiosity. How to confide in somebody, in order that he did it get there? There was no apparent may have company to chuckle over their source. The site was one entirely sur bewilderment; and so my old tailor friend rounded by standing buildings, the season told me, then a youngster, where he got was not one when vagrant seeds could be them, whereby hangs the beginning of light in the air, and the velvety covering was on my patch of unexpected grass. green and close, no straggling shoots of It appeared that by some means, which stray oats. I was happily too unscientific to bother 493 494 The Outing Magazine about, he had become acquainted with two days to the influences of heavenly light and or three curious facts. First, that under air and the magic of the rain. 'Twas but neath an old white-sand sea bottom left a few days; the blaster and the excavator high and dry miles inland and given up to cut short its career ere seed-time. the rabbits and pine trees, the sand where Yes, the magic of the rain is wonderful! of was like silver sand (much of the con Magic is the only term which covers its sistency of that on the shore of Arverne wonder working; in verification of this let on the Atlantic side of Long Island), there me add the testimony of a recent corre- was two feet beneath the surface a layer spondent on the drought which for years of black, peaty soil, and below that again had paralyzed the grassless and scorched a white marl; secondly, that if one dug downs of western Queensland. through the three strata and turned them The material loss in the years of drought topsy-turvy, there would, when the rains can scarcely be comprehended. In one in- came, grow on the newly exposed surface stance out of a flock of 95,000 sheep only a beautiful cropof a species of wild mustard, 300 survived; and out of a herd of 30,000 of which plant there was no other sign in cattle only 500. “As the cattle and sheep the whole district; and thirdly, that on the perished, the dingoes (wild dogs) multi- wild mustard (how they got there I am plied upon the offal, until it appeared as not now discussing) he would in due season if whole districts would go back to a soli- invariably find feeding the little caterpillar tude more desolate than that which existed which ultimately became the mysterious before the foot of a white man touched butterfly for which the savants hungered. the Australian soil.” Now it so happened that many years At last, where rain had been unknown afterward a railway invaded this very for years the clouds, in the figurative words much left alone district, and scoring its of the Psalmist, literally "dropped fatness way in cuttings through the slight eleva over two thirds of the continent. tions, transported the soil therefrom to Before its advent "there was one long form viaducts over the shallow interven panorama of desolation. Ground burnt ing valleys. I saw the line in course of con and calcined without a blade of green to struction the most part of one winter, and lighten the dead monotony. From rail- I traveled over it in the following July, way fence to horizon there was absolutely when I saw half a mile of both sides of a nothing. The line of the horizon cut hard viaduct literally covered, without room to against the sky, with no softening outline. drop a stone between, with millions and Near by the ground was cracked and fis- millions of the most glorious scarlet pop sured, and in the middle distance were pies—a gleam of color the like of which clumps of dejected trees that told of a I never expect to see again. I had occa watercourse that once fed them. At Wy- sion to be in that neighborhood for a few andra the downs, broader and more exten- days, and as I knew the contractor who sive than ever before, stretched in hopeless made that viaduct, I asked him to point barrenness to the limit of the view. There out to me the cutting from which the soil was not even a dead twig to break the had been removed for this bank. There level. There is no adjective in the English were no poppies in all that district, and I language to describe it. Awful, terrible, was satisfied then and am now that all that horrible, are each inadequate. And most wealth of poppy glow came from long- pitiful of all were the long lines of felled buried seed turned up by the spade and mulga, the only thing that kept the sheep wheelbarrow into the daylight and the alive until they died and the dust came and rain again, and, glorying in a new birth, mercifully hid their bones. But great is created a new world of beauty. the soft magic of the falling rain! At its From all which I feel satisfied of the touch the gray, heat-wasted, desolate land- possibility and indeed high probability scape turned emerald green, and grew lush that my grass patch in the city excavation with grass. What was yesterday the floor came from seed buried for ages beneath of a Sahara, became to-day a mass of herb- the ice cap and the débris of the glacial age which the moist English valleys and moraine, and opened by the enterprising canal-fed meadows of Holland in summer twentieth-century engineer for a few brief time might envy.' Caspar Whitney's Success 495 Whether this Australian drought of Island of Ascension, eight or nine hundred years' duration, like so many others which miles away, and lest some adventurers have settled into permanence, arose from should pick up this unconsidered trifle and the natural or commercial denudation of use it surreptitiously for a vantage place, the woodlands I cannot say; but which Great Britain sent a naval and military ever the cause, it no way lessens the value of expedition and took possession of it. They the fact that a treeless country is a rainless found it a barren heap, the residual product country (whereof Americans cannot be too of ages of volcanic eruption, a barren cone often reminded), and thereby let me in- sloping down from its central crater to stance the Island of Ascension to me one the sea in all directions. No drop of rain of the most interesting examples of cause ever fell upon its scorched and withered and effect within my knowledge. sides. To begin at the beginning, for the sake The Englishmen were there, however, of an exact comprehension let any reader to stay and for duty, and though they had turn to a good atlas, and he will find the to send to St. Helena for every drop of smallest of small specks indicated in the water they used, they set about a beginning southern Atlantic about half way between of making something grow toward sustain- the coasts of South America and Africa, ing life, or at least modifying its conditions. roughly two thousand miles from each. Gradually by slow degrees, but surely, That is the Island of Ascension, about their efforts were successful. Kindly na- eight miles long and seven wide, and it ture requires but little encouragement, and is bounded on the north and south by the the dews fell and crystallized and the herb- North Pole and South Pole respectively. age and shrubbery spread, and little trees When one adds that it is a volcanic moun took root and shed their seed, and the tain ten thousand feet high and lies in the mountain in the long course of years be- wastes of the sea, itself absolutely water came largely covered, until at last this one- less and fruitless, sufficient has been said time waterless heap of waste products of to make it understandable why nobody a lifeless volcano became able to provide up to the year 1815 had even taken the millions upon millions of gallons of water, trouble, though it had been known three which are stored in its caverns for the ships centuries, to hoist a national flag over it. that pass to and from the Cape of Good However, fate was working out its salvation Hope and to Australia; and beneath the in a very curious byway. shades of umbrageous terraces, high up in It came about in this wise. Great Brit the cool air, the invalided soldier from ain had, after the battle of Waterloo, taken tropical Africa and India and the Orient charge of the Emperor Napoleon and ban finds a restoring sanatorium which has ished him to the island of St. Helena. Fears brought back to health and life many of a filibustering expedition for effecting a weary soul and stricken body. Truly his release were groundless except from one there is magic in the rain and healing in rendezvous in the world, and that was the the forests! CASPAR WHITNEY'S SUCCESS A cablegram has just been received from Caspar Whitney from Port of Spain, Trini- dad, which tells the whole story, in as far as it can be told except by Mr. Whitney himself after his return, of the remarkable success of his daring venture in the South American jungle: "Hardest, fullest adventure, most successful exploring hunting expedition my career First man to visit hostile Indians, headwaters Orinoco." BOATS AND BOAT-HANDLERS BY HENRY C. ROWLAND NOT one for many years ago there was a type of yachtsman which seldom meets to-day. He had his own little club, which might be anything from the loft over a ship-chandler's to a snug bungalow along the beach. All of the members of this club were “yacht owning members and the yachts were of every sort and description, from the Chesapeake “bug- eye” schooner-rigged with leg-o-mutton sails to a Bay of Fundy "pinkey with lines like the ace of spades and as deep as she was long: The swell racing craft was the old-fashioned "sand-bagger” sloop with its skimming-dish build and yards of boom out-board. When they raced, each owner sailed his own boat; there were separate classes, of course, but in her class the first boat home was the winner; if there happened to be wind the best nerve and the stoutest gear were apt to win out, and if there was calm there was no race, because in those days they did not build and rig boats to sail over the course in the allotted time when it was necessary to watch the flame of a match to see where the wind was from. The owners of these boats knew their crafts from truck to keel and from stem to gudgeon. Often they were their own riggers, carpenters, painters and not in- frequently, builders! They were yachts- men of a frequent type, too; each watering place had its coterie, and when they were richer and went into the sport on a larger scale they sailed their own fleet schooners into foreign ports. Although the conditions of modern yachting are popularly supposed to have given a great impetus to the interest and nautical skill of those who sail for pleasure, it is doubtful if this is the case. The social features, the element of fashion and gayety; in fact all of the bright and spectacular features of a thriving yacht club in the fulness of its mid-summer bloom are charm- ing and interesting, but they are crowding the true boat-lover into shoal waters while the broad-beamed “rocking-chair feet swing in mid-channel at the end of a long scope. To-day, the passion seems all for speed and style, but there are a good many non- professional sailormen left who love a stanch and able boat for her own sake, and it is probable that these will get back to early principles and rescue the sport from the hands of the faddists just as the true lovers of other sports, tennis, golf, fencing, etc., have done. The gravest fault of the modern yachts- man lies in the fact that he is too proud to begin at the foot of the ladder. There are several ways in which one may learn to handle a boat, two of which are chiefly in vogue. The first is to get a small skiff with a sail and a centerboard, dress lightly and then select the proper day. to work the problems out; the second is to buy a fair-sized sailboat and then hire a man to teach one how to handle her. Of the two methods, the first is not only the quicker but also the more thorough; incidentally it is much cheaper as it saves wages and one cannot create much havoc amongst the shipping with a light, four- teen-foot skiff, and the man who owns the larger boat will invariably discharge his sailing-master before he graduates. But the principal reason which makes the sail- ing-skiff the better is that a man cannot afford to skip any of the elemental prin- ciples in boat-handling, as later on he is certain to be at times responsible for the safety of his guests. He has no right to handle a tiller until he can handle an oar; yet it is amazing to see how many of the men who sail their own boats do not know how to "scull” with the boat sweep which every small boat should carry. The evolutions of a man experimenting by himself in a sailing-skiff are interesting to himself and others, but it is wonderful how soon he will learn, and these principles which he culls by harrowing experience are the same to be applied to anything which carries a fore-and-aft rig. În fact, the sailing-skiff is in many ways more difficult to handle than the larger boat. Being close to the water it does not hold the breeze as true as the tall sail, because the lower stratum of wind will strike the water and ricochet at a slightly different angle; also the force is constantly varying because each separate puff or lightening of the breeze makes itself felt at once, whereas upon a large sail, these slight variances of force and direction are averaged over the whole area of canvas. Other disadvan- tages due to lightness of material, etc., are obvious. To appreciate the liberal course in boat- handling which a sailing-skiff can furnish the beginner, one has but to watch his maneuvres for a little while. This is a favorite diversion of the "rocking-chair fleet,” most of whom can box the compass, discourse on the barometer, expound the tide theory and name the head-sails on a four-masted schooner, but few, if any, of 496 一 ​ Boats and Boat-Handlers 497 99 whom could bring a thirty-foot sloop up Cries of encouragement come from the to a sea-wall in a fresh breeze without "rocking-chair fleet and he hears the “shutting her up like an accordion.” To contact of hands on thighs. He tries to understand how much more the tyro in shove clear, but as often as he does so the the sailing-skiff gets for his money than skiff rushes back again. Observing the the man in the knockabout, let us watch mainsail tugging at the sheet-rope he him from the start. He has a fifteen-foot clambers aft and lets it run. The sail sharpie (flat-bottomed) skiff with a jib and flaps, and the skiff drifts astern. (Lesson mainsail rig. The boat is tied to the lee side 4.) Headway against the wind can be lost of the club-house float by a long painter. by slacking the sheet until the wind is The beginner hauls her in and steps spilled. aboard forward of the mast. Next he As he turns the cause of his trouble in his tries to slip around the mast, but the boat mind he sees that to have fouled the gang- heels toward him. He grabs the mast way he must have sailed almost directly high up, where his leverage is so great that against the wind, and he wonders how such the boat rolls him off into the water to a things can be. His eyes fall upon the chorus of delighted cries from the "rock center-board with a flash of understanding. ing-chair fleet. The water is waist deep Solved! He hauls up the board with a and in climbing back into his craft he slam and shoves in the pin. (Lesson 5.) grips the mast low down near its foot where To sail against the wind, i.e., tack, one he discovers that it will bear his weight. needs a center-board. (Lesson 1.) The higher the strain on the Having drifted clear of impedimenta he mast the greater the tax on the stability tries to steer off before the wind, but al- of the boat. Some day when he wants though the skiff does not dash at the pier to haul up his anchor out in deep water he she seems loath to turn. He remembers will not try to step up in the eyes by grasp that she had no such scruples when he ing the mast above his head. hoisted the jib, so he hoists it again. The He casts off the stops securing his sail effect is magical. (Lesson 6.) To swing and hoists the jib. The sail fills and the the bow of a boat a jib is useful. boat, still held by her painter, seems sud He is amazed at the speed suddenly denly possessed of a devil. She makes developed. The skiff is flying through the a vicious dive at a boat on one side of her, water. He decides that it is just as well and her master has no sooner tried to fend not to let her run away with him, and her off with his hands and got his fingers accordingly he proceeds to haul the tiller jammed than she turns and rams a neigh toward him; that is, to the side opposite bor lying on her quarter. He sees that the the sail. jib is inciting this fit of bad temper, so he The effect is swift and terrifying; for a drops it. Peace again. He tries hoisting moment the sail seems to hang slack, then the mainsail and the boat lies quiet. (Les suddenly the wind catches it on the other son 2.) Hoist the mainsail first, and side. The boom is jerked high in air. He (Lesson 3) fingers are poor fenders. sees it aiming a vicious blow at his head He decides to sail off before the wind as and drops in time to save his skull, but the interest of the "rocking-chair fleet" not his cap. Instinctively he seeks to annoys him and this method promises the remedy the trouble by shoving, the tiller swiftest escape. He is sure of being able back the other way, but the sail is on the to sail that way and he is willing to take other side now which makes relative con- his chances on getting back again. The ditions between sail and tiller the same as function of the center-board is not quite before. Back comes the sail with another clear to him, but deciding that it would not wicked jibe and this time the main-sheet be there unless useful, he lowers it. As fouls his feet and spills him in the bottom the jib has proved itself to be an unman of the boat. Faint cries reach him from nerly sail he decides not to use it until the “rocking-chair fleet." better acquainted. The beginner is no fool and he sees that He hauis in his sheet and makes it fast both times he has shoved his tiller to the as it looks more ship-shape so, casts off his up, or weather side of his boat. He has painter and scrambling aft takes the tiller, two guesses and this time he shoves it to which he shoves hard-up. The wind has the down, or lee side. The effect is grati- drifted the skiff a little below the float, but fying; the sail flaps but makes no hostile as the close-hauled mainsail fills, the skiff He hauls ít in, keeping a pressure leaps ahead and charges the pier leading on the tiller until he is heading well into to the float. The helmsman is bewildered the wind. The sail flaps again and he for here is a double-barreled paradox! A hauls it flatter, continuing this until he boat defying all the laws of physics, for gets an approximate proper relation be- in the first place she is rushing dead into the tween sail and wind and course, as he can wind's eye; in the second, she utterly ig tell from where he is heading... (Lesson nores the force exerted by her rudder and 7.) To turn a sail-boat gracefully, shove selects the direction least indicated in the the tiller to the down, or lee side. natural order of things. Crash! she tries But suddenly he observes to his con- to crawl under the gangway but is stopped sternation that although his skiff is head- by her jib-stay. Fortunately this holds. ing up-stream she is traveling sideways! move. 498 The Outing Magazine rows Ah, bitter experience has already taught him how to make her rush at the wind. The center-board! He drops it and ob- serves the result with a thrill of pride. He has simply applied Lesson 5. And so one may follow him through the whole course of his joys and sorrows and derive much amusement therefrom, but this man will learn to handle a boat! He has already learned more in this first at- tempt than the man in the knockabout will learn from his instructor in a week, or to be more accurate, he has gained more. What he has learned will stay by him, and some day when he gets caught in a nasty place he will act quickly and instinctively without hopping up and down and trying to remember what some one has told him, until there comes a crash and he finds himself in the water under his sail and goes out the next day in a launch to help drag for his guests. The man in the skiff has learned as the result of his own personal experience; falling, overboard, ramming the row-boats, fouling the pier, losing his cap, getting foul of the main-sheet, etc. Perhaps his bitterest experience is when he tries to come up to the float. Three times he charges past, traveling at such a speed that reason tells him that if he tried to stop he would land up amongst the “rocking-chair fleet,” who cheer him as he goes past and admire his parade. Eventually he lowers his sail and in, but the next day he goes out and practices rounding up to an oyster-stake until he finds out how to do it. When finally he comes to take the tiller of some big, steady boat he will be surprised to discover how much easier she is to handle than his erratic little dragon-fly. The se- lection of a boat is of course a matter of individual taste. One may buy a $500 boat, in which case one will not get much, one may buy $500 worth of boat, in which case one will get a great deal. It is amazing how cheaply a good, sound boat, say 20 to 30 feet water-line, can be bought by a person who knows how to go about it, and it is even more surprising to learn how cheaply such a boat may be maintained. Almost any oysterman or clammer or fisherman can pick up a reason- ably fast, sound and able boat for that sum, and there are plenty of much larger boats which have been bought for less. am referring, of course, to sound boats; one can pay anything from $5 to $5,000 for a rotten, wormy or nail-sick boat, ac- cording to the personal equation of buyer and seller. An unsound boat like an unsound horse will usually be offered either at a very high or a very low price. A fair price will not attract interest. The ‘modern craze for racing machines and swift, stylish cruisers has put the old- fashioned type of boat at a very low price. I do not mean to detract from the merits of the modern small cruising-yachts, say of the knockabout or sea-going yawl- rigged type; they are excellent boats, fast, able, comfortable, and in every way superior to the old Emma Jane or Four Winds, but to my mind they are not half as good boats for the money they cost. One can hardly compare a $500 with a $5,000 boat just because they happen to be of about the same length of water-line. But think of it; by looking around a little one can buy a sound, able boat of say 35 feet over all with a cabin in which three people could cruise comfortably; a little vessel in which a man could sail around Cape Cod or go down “outside" to the Delaware Capes in comfort and safety, for the same price as a little 18-foot, open race-about or knockabout or flop-about. Yet nine men out of ten will choose the flop-about because she has a hard-wood finish, creamy sails and bright-work, and then they will hire Swedes to dry out the sails after a shower, hog the mahogany run until it glistens and wipe the verdigris off the bright-work. It is here that the yacht- ing spirit corrodes the non-professional sailor-man. The man who owns the race-about learns to sail, possibly to figure time allowances from measurements and sail-area, and to manoeuvre in a race; the man on the Emma Jane or Four Winds learns to sail, to navigate by dead-reckoning, to rig, and incidentally to cook. Also he learns ge- ography. By the_time he has been ship- mates with the Four Winds for several seasons he is a pretty good sailor-man. As far as the cost of keeping a boat is concerned, the Four Winds will be less expensive than the race-about, because a boat of the former type does not need to be spick-and-span to command respect. Her "shippyness" will do that, whereas there is no more forlorn, dejected-looking object afloat than a slatternly yacht. On the Four Winds paint takes the place of shellac, galvanized iron is used instead of brass, and the discarded sails of some yacht can be picked up at a low figure and cut down to fit. She will not require half the care and her gear need not be absolutely new. It can be purchased in any yacht- yard for a surprisingly low figure, and as far as anchors and blocks and lights and nautical instruments, etc., are concerned, one has no idea of the resources of a South Street junk-shop until one has tried. An- other thing to consider in buying is that an out-of-date yacht is a very difficult thing to sell; as difficult, in fact, as an out-of-date automobile, whereas there is always an open market for a boat which can work for her living. By the foregoing I do not wish to have it understood that I should advise a man who wants to own and sail his boat to go out and buy some obsolete junk with a stern like a water-melon and a bow which can only be told from the stern by the presence of a bow-sprit. Neither do I a heavy, clumsy oyster-sloop. or or I mean Boats and Boat-Handlers 499 sense. some big, floating freight-car of a sharpie. to look shabby in the midst of the sparkling Personally, I loathe sharpies, except as pleasure-fleet about a fashionable resort. house-boats. The type of boat which I They feel a certain humiliation in handling have in mind is such as one sees down at a smart, though roughly finished fishing- the eastern end of Long Island Sound, sloop, and rather than sail a vessel lacking either blue-fishing for the market or taking in style and elegance they will give up the out fishing-parties; also the boats used by sport entirely. the fishermen about Cape Cod and Narra This is sad, but true; also it is absurd gansett Bay. If one expects to do much and inconsistent. Since the whole game sailing in very shoal water an excellent is purely for fun, what difference does boat is that of the type used by the fisher it make whether a man prefers a 50-foot men in the Great South Bay. These are Maine fishing-boat or a 21-foot fin-keel carvel-built, but with such a broad beam flyer? The cost will be about the same that a 30-foot boat will not draw more and there are a good many people who than two feet with her board up. They will look with more pleasure and admi- are stiff, stanch and able sea-boats and ration at the stanch, shippy little schoon- not bad-looking. A keel-boat is always er, with her tarred rigging and brown preferable where the local depths of water sails boiling in with everything drawing permit, not only for stability and sea and a bone in her teeth, than at the slight, going qualities, but for cabin comfort. graceful little yacht, even though the latter Probably the most all-round, convenient may be flying the season's championship and practical boat is one which combines regatta pennant. both keel and center-board, and while able Within the last few years another factor to work to windward without her board, has entered into boat-handling, and this requires it for pointing up and holding her is the gas-engine. This form of auxiliary ground when on the wind. She will draw has come to stay, and while at first sight three and one-half to four feet of water, it appears to rob the sport of much of its and will have a comfortable cabin with glamour and romance, there is a great perhaps six feet of head-room, a self deal to be said in its favor. bailing cock-pit, and will be altogether a To-day, the outings of most people are stanch little sea-going craft. subject to a definite time limit, whether It seems to me that the English people the holiday be a matter of days or hours, have the right idea of yachting in its true and between the two factors of sail and To them a yacht is any kind of a power many a man is enabled to enjoy private pleasure craft from a _Thames pleasures previously denied him. The high wherry to a full-rigged ship: A Deal lug- power for the slight sacrifice of space and ger, bought and equipped for a cruise small expense of running are irrefutable around the British Isles, rates with an arguments for the gas-engine; others are ocean-going steam-yacht, if the people the advantages in working through shoal, aboard her are the right sort, and a schoon narrow and crowded water-ways under in- er-yacht of the type of one of our Glouces dependent power and without being com- ter fishermen would be a great swell. pelled to tie on behind a lumbering barge was once looking over some small aux or being almost jerked out of the water by iliary bark-rigged steam whalers in Dun a snorting tug. dee, when I noticed that one of them was Whether she be sail or auxiliary, of of rather better model and smarter in gentle or humble birth, the man who gets appearance than the others. Commenting the most of health and pleasure from his on this to a man with whom I had entered boat will be the man whose boat is less into casual conversation, he informed me his plaything than his close and intimate that this particular vessel was a yacht. I friend. He must know her every mood afterward® met the leaser in Edinburgh; and whim; understand each fault and vir- he told me that he had chartered this little tue; be able to repair with his own hands whaler and had been on a twelve-months' any damage to hull or rigging. He should trip to the Arctic, hunting musk-ox, polar understand the use of tools as much as bears and walrus. This is the true yacht that of his compass and parallel rules; he ing spirit; this yachting “with the bark should know the art of rope-lore; how to make splices and sennets and knots. During the last few seasons there seems sea-going course should include a knowl- to have arisen among those who sail for edge of how to put a neat patch in his pleasure a spirit of yachting snobbery; that sail, and he should know how to brew a is to say, a tendency to regard with con strong pot of coffee and throw a clam- tempt any pleasure craft which is not fritter at four in the morning just before modern and spruce and highly-finished, he gets into his dinghy and goes out after without reference to her qualities or the snipe. If his gas-engine gets sulky he manner in which she is handled. There should be able to coax it into good humor are to-day a good many able, non-pro or beat some sense into it with a hammer. fessional boat-handlers who have given up And when he can do all of these things sailing because they are unable to afford he is a graduate boat-handler and has yacht-club membership and are ashamed earned the right to sail the boat of his of their rough old boats which they feel choice wherever it seems good to him. I on!” WOMEN AND THE AUTOMOBILE BY MARY MULLETT EV Femynine. Y Blas heard of the internas She was too weak for walking or for horseback riding. They had been her de- grip on the steering wheel of an automo light as a girl in the South and they made bile there is just one “eternal” trait in a it seem, as she says, “positively too inane woman, and that is her propensity for to sit in a carriage and be hauled about" getting in front of his machine at the most as if she were helpless. critical and inconvenient moments. There remained the one resource of The way a certain type of woman automobiling, and she promptly took it crosses a street would convert anybody to up. She knew much about the mechan- the theory of reincarnation. She does it ism of a machine, for her husband was an exactly as she did when, in some previous enthusiast. But she had never run one. earthly career, she was a nice, fat, speckled The first thing she did was to get a good hen. Madly this way and that she scuttles, instructor—not her husband. Several wom- and it is only at her last gasp—and yours, en offer advice on this point. too!—that she miraculously escapes, by “Don't let the members of your own a mere feather's breadth, from the rush family teach you!” say these wise ones. of your swerving wheels. “They patronize you in one breath, as if To the honor and the glory of the sex be it you were a feeble-minded infant, and the recorded, however, that the woman in front next minute they expect you to compre- of the machine isn't the whole story. hend, in one brilliant, intuitive flash, the There is also the woman behind the ma entire science of automobiling. Get some- chine. The woman whose slender hands body who knows his business—and who are as steady on the wheel as is the iron doesn't know you.” grip of the trained chauffeur; whose eyes Her first lesson was half an hour in are as sharp to see; whose wits as swift to length; and before it was ended, an in- respond; whose traditional nerves have cident had occurred which tested her given place to a degree of cool nerve which nerve to the complete satisfaction of her commands even a man's admiration. teacher. Hundreds of women are driving their She had been running the machine easily own machines. In this country actually enough under his direction, but he kept more automobiles are run by women now dinning it into her ears that the most im- than were run by men a few years ago. portant part of running an auto was not In Newport last summer, fifteen running it, but stopping it. twenty women might have been seen any “You may be able to start it and to pleasant day, driving their own cars. In steer it and to run it fast or slow," said he; Washington-well, my private opinion is "but if you haven't learned to stop it in that in Washington half those women who its tracks, you're not fit to sit in that seat." are forever skimming around in little elec Before they had gone much farther, a trics, could run them in their sleep-and little child suddenly ran from behind a with one finger at that. wagon and appeared straight in the Even in New York there are women path of the woman-driven car. Well—she sufficiently plucky and expert to take a stopped it! And she did it with such machine into and through that wonderful startling dispatch that her agitated teacher tangle of traffic which makes Fifth Avenue very nearly went out in a flying shoot over one of the show thoroughfares of the world. the front. To drive an auto on Fifth Avenue at When he had recovered enough breath five o'clock in the afternoon is a trick which to speak, he drily remarked that her is calculated to make even the coolest man talent for stopping amounted to positive suspect that he has a few nerves concealed genius. He added that he had taught about him. Yet I know of a woman who scores of men to run automobiles, but does that trick whenever she feels like it. that he had yet to see the mere man who, She is a slender, delicate southern girl before the end of the first lesson, could who, a few years ago, undertook to com have equaled that stop. bine the joys of nervous prostration with I consulted the representatives of at those of a severe illness. Her wise phy least twenty different machines in regard sicians viewed her with something like to the woman question, and I found only despair, but nevertheless gave her that one who did not know personally of women great prescription which is the one and who were running their cars. Most of them only sovereign remedy: had flattering tales of feminine triumph Get out-of-doors!" to relate. or 500 Women and the Automobile 501 “Women often show a lot more sense Then they bore off to the garage. By the about it than the men do," said one ex time they had swooped around that block pert. "Did you ever hear of a woman a few times they had got a man to come running over anybody? I never did. outside and had shouted, in telegraphic And she's easier on the machine, too. You terms, the information: know how women's nerves go up in the air “Can't stop! What's matter?” over any miserable little squeak that On the next round, the garage man was wouldn't disturb an excitable Ay? Why, waiting for them. I'll bet some women will make a fuss in "Pull out plug under seat!” he yelled. Heaven-provided they ever get there Now, any beginner is liable to these if the pearly gates aren't lubricated early mental aberrations, when one temporarily and often. It's all right though, for them forgets plugs under the seat and similar to be fussy in an auto. If they hear a small but essential details. Yet if it's a squeak, it's stop then and there and oil up! woman who does anything of the sort she While if a man does hear the squeak, he must expect to be treated as if only a says: woman could have been guilty of such a "Oh, that'll quit of itself after a lapse. If an accident happens to her while.' machine, she must be prepared to have the “Perhaps it does, after a drop of oil men of her household exchange patronizing has managed to leak through. But all winks and say: that time there's been a lot of wear on the “Oh, of course she thinks she didn't do bearings, and it's going to give him anything; but—well, you know, the car trouble, sooner or later. Why, I know a wouldn't do that of itself!" woman who has been running one of our And if-as in one instance I know of- cars for about a year and whose whole bill she runs her machine constantly for over of expense for that time is less than $10." two years, even taking the entire care of it Occasionally a husband and wife have herself, without a single item for repairs been taught by the same instructor and except for one new tire, she must expect the woman has proved to be by far the to be told that it was merely good luck. better pupil. The man who is generous On the other hand, the woman auto- enough, however, to revel in his wife's mobilist often gets really more than her superior skill with an auto is as rare as the fair share of praise. You will hear a man one who thinks a woman knows how to rave over a woman making the prettiest poke the fire with anything like his own stop inside of two car-lengths," when he masterly discretion. wouldn't look twice at a regular chauffeur In one instance of this sort, the husband performing that feat. had impulsively acquired an electric run As for the courtesy accorded the god- about, which was said to be so simple that dess-in-the-machine, that alone ought to a babe in arms could manage it. Maybe tempt the modern woman to learn to run a babe in arms could; but at least one rail- Old-fashioned gallantry seems to way president couldn't—as the man very be in a good deal of a trance nowadays, quickly found out. but it does sit up and take the most grati- His wife, on the contrary, seemed to fying notice of the woman at the wheel. discover some secret affinity between her “One is always hearing stories of mean- self and that runabout. It was her slave. toward automobilists, said the She ran it so deftly and gracefully, that southern girl who is taking the automo- when she was on the seat, steering-rod in bile cure for her nervous prostration, “but hand, she basked in the wondering ad I've never received anything but the most miration of the populace. Everybody considerate treatment. Perhaps it's part- knows the second chapter to a haughty ly due to the fact that I don't behave as if spirit. This woman encountered hers one the streets ‘and all that in them is' were evening, a week after she had decided that created for my exclusive benefit. she was the "smoothest" motorist in that truck driver pulls up his team to let me go town. by, I don't act as if the right-of-way were She had skimmed off on some preliminary my particular divine right. I look up at errand, leaving Mr. Blank on the front him and bow my thanks. steps, waiting for her to come back and “In the country, too, if a horse is the pick him up. Sure enough, along she least bit restive, I stop my machine and came at dusk. But instead of slipping even shut off the power, so that I have to skilfully up to the curb, she sailed by. get out to start it again. I am always Twice she circumnavigated the block more than repaid by the appreciation peo- before Mr. Blank, becoming convinced that ple show." she couldn't stop, boarded the vehicle with People who don't know the facts, have a flying leap in the course of its third round a fixed idea that, in a tight place, the wom- trip. Once on board, Mr. Blank found his an automobilist is going to look out for surmise correct. The thing wouldn't stop. her own safety and let "all the world gang Mrs. Blank said they must try to make by,” or over, or under, or wherever their port at the garage. It took three round mangled remains happen to light. As one trips of the block to convey this to their cynical male remarked: daughter, now on the steps of the house. "If women are going to run autos, I'll a car. ness If a 502 The Outing Magazine or car. tie up my children in the back yard. I'd that emergency, by taking out your clutch sooner risk their young lives within range and getting ready to make a short stop, of a woman who was trying to throw!" you will find yourself doing something to The expert woman automobilist is not the death rate which won't be pleasant to a freak of nature. The truth is that if think of." you really are pining to risk your life in "Oh yes, I daresay a woman could the path of an automobile, you ought to really get along quite well with a simple receive a discount on the price of your ac little runabout, one man admitted pat- cident policy if you pick out a machine ronizingly; "but of course she would be with a woman at the wheel. quite incapable of running a big, 4-cylinder, “Were you ever face to face with danger 40 horse-power machine. of a serious accident?" I asked a woman Unfortunately, when his high-mighti- who drives her own car. ness delivered this lofty, ultimatum, I “One of the closest shaves I remember," hadn't the remotest idea whether a woman she said, "was on Jerome avenue, in the could run a 40 horse-power car not. Bronx, at a point where a steep hill-road When he went on to talk learnedly about the came into it at an abrupt angle. Because terrors of its sliding gear, which, according of houses and fences, one couldn't see this to his story, demanded the simultaneous road until directly abreast of it. I was use of all the members of one's body, all going along the avenue at a pretty good the faculties of one's mind and all the at- speed, when a boy who was coasting down tributes of one's soul, I felt as if the hand the hill on his bicycle shot out directly in that rocked the cradle really couldn't ex- front of me. There wasn't time for him pect to rule a 40 horse-power, 4-cylinder to clear my machine and there wasn't time I felt that, after all , woman's sphere for me to stop. There were just two things must remain a sort of 10 horse-power I could do. I could put on my brakes and arrangement. hope that at least I wouldn't kill the child, It would not be strictly truthful to claim or I could wheel sharply into the same that any large proportion of the feminine direction that he was going and hope that population is engaged in running big cars. I wouldn't kill myself. But if some women can do it, plenty of “Of course it was a desperate chance. others can And there's no question that I might upset, or I might come up against some women are doing it. one of those iron posts which seem to sprout A dozen well-known New York society out of the ground at every turn, or I might women run cars of that description and crash into a trolley car. My machine was take a keen delight in it. Some of them a light one and wouldn't hurt the car even drive their own cars in the races. much, but some one would have to write As for sheer nerve, it would be hard to find an epitaph for me." a better exhibition of it than one of them “What did you do?” gave recently. She and her car were “Do?" in surprise. "Why, I wheeled forced off a bridge and overturned; though my car, of course. Luck was with me. by some miracle of good luck, both escaped I got nothing more than a shaking up and serious injury. After a dozen men had the boy flew by safely, at a rate which in succeeded in hoisting the car out of the clines me to think he is going yet. You've depths, the woman-whose nerve might no idea what imps the children are. They have been supposed to share in the general stand in the road and dare you, trying to shake-up-resumed her place at the wheel see who can be the last to dodge out and drove on as if nothing had happened. of your way. It's perfectly maddening. One of the most startlingly incongruous When they are especially bad, I simply cases is that of a girl in Maine, a ninety- stop the machine. And when they find pound creature who runs a car weighing that I propose to sit there till they get just fifty times as much as she does. out of the way, they take themselves off, Most confine their personal with much hooting and howling. dealings with an automobile to operating “Then there are the people who walk it. They do not clean, or oil it, or tinker blandly in front of your car, without so with its vital organs. But there are a few much as turning the tail of their eye to who take a noble pride in the care of their see if anything is coming. When they machines. They have leather aprons and hear your horn, they jump ten feet. Gen gloves, and somehow, when the car issues erally that takes them out of the danger resplendent from their ministrations, they zone, and everything would be all right if manage to shed every sign of dirt along only they wouldn't jump back again. If with the gloves and apron, and to emerge you haven't prepared, however, for just as spick and span as the auto itself. women MAKING THE COUNTRY HOME BY EBEN E. REXFORD WORK IN THE GARDEN use. season. they find wood-ashes of great benefit in WEEDS, from this time on, will prove the treatment of club-foot and maggot tractable, if, during the early part among cabbage. A pail is filled with water of the season, hoe and cultivator have been and ashes-about one-quarter of the latter used thoroughly; but remember that a —and the mixture stirred until a thorough few weeds are capable of stocking a whole union takes place. The roots of the young garden if they are allowed to go to seed. plants are puddled in the infusion, at Raspberry and blackberry bushes should planting-time. This remedy is particularly be given attention now. Allow only as useful for cabbage set out as a late crop. many canes to grow to each plant as will Tomatoes are generally left to train be needed for fruiting purposes. As soon themselves. This is wrong, as you get as the old canes have perfected fruit, cut a rank growth of branches and not much them out. When the new canes reach a fruit. Thin out the branches from time height of two feet nip their tops off to in to time during the growing period, leaving duce the formation of side-branches. The not more than four or five to a plant. By soil about these plants ought to be made all means train them to a trellis, tying rich, and kept well hoed. them up well. After a quantity of fruit If you intend to use the old strawberry has “set,” cut off the ends of the branches, bed another season, go through it with a thus forcing the strength of the plants spade and turn over the soil in rows a foot into the development of the fruit for early or more wide. This will bury half the old One reason why we have so few plants and give those that are left a chance tomatoes in the North, and why they come to spread satisfactorily. It will make a so late in the season that few of them ripen ragged-looking bed of it, but in a short thoroughly, is because we let our plants time the runners sent out from the old grow and grow, and expend most of their plants will cover the spaded-up soil with energy in that direction, rather than in a thrifty stock of new ones, from which the production of fruit. Plants trained you can expect a good crop of fruit next on trellises, where the sun and air can I have known beds of this plant circulate freely among them, are almost to be kept in very satisfactory condition always free from rot. for a long term of years by following this Another sowing should be made of method. The strip left unspaded this vegetables which mature early in the year should be turned over next year. season, like spinach, beets, and radishes. half the bed is made to renew The soil in which they are planted should itself yearly. It is not pretended, how be rich, mellow and fully exposed to the ever, that it is the best method of obtaining sun, in order to hasten their development. record-breaking crops of fruit, but it will The quicker their growth, the tenderer recommend itself to the man who has not they will be, and their flavor will be far much time to devote to gardening. superior to that of plants grown in a soil One must be constantly on the lookout that does not encourage rapid develop- for bugs among the cucumbers and squash ment. By planting nearly all vegetables es. I have found that dusting the plants in succession, up to the middle of summer, with dry earth, while they are damp, is they can be enjoyed throughout the about as effective as anything. If these greater part of the season. enemies can be kept in check until the plants get a good start they will do but little harm. It is during the early stages The ideal site for a poultry-yard is a of the plants' growth that greatest care dry, rather high piece of ground, having must be given. A little neglect then may a slope to the south or east. Natural ruin everything, as the bugs and beetles drainage should be good. A yard located come suddenly, do their deadly work on a flat, undrained surface will never give rapidly, and are often gone before you satisfaction. A light soil is vastly superior aware of their being anywhere in to a heavy one—if sandy, so much the the vicinity. Wood-ashes sifted over the better. Clay land is objectionable be- young plants will often prove beneficial. cause hens cannot scratch to advantage in Some persons recommend a mixture of it, and unless hens can scratch and pulverize Paris green and slaked lime, but I have the soil into dust they will not do well. always found that Paris green was too Poultry-grounds should be protected on strong for the tender young plants. the north and west by buildings, a high, Many professional gardeners tell me that tight board fence, or a thick hedge of In this wa IN THE POULTRY YARD are 503 504 The Outing Magazine evergreens—something that will break the force of the prevailing winds. The size of the enclosure should be deter- mined by the number of hens you propose to keep: At one of our recent poultry conventions the assertion was made by a most successful poultry grower that a space ten feet square should be allowed for each fowl. From this you can readily calculate the size of your yard. The state- ment was also made at this convention that few persons who start in without pre- vious experience are likely to be successful if they begin with a large number of fowls. Disease is more likely to attack them, and is more difficult to control where there are many to treat. The amateur finds he has more on his hands than he had reckoned on, failure results, he becomes discouraged, and finally he comes to the conclusion that “there isn't any money in poultry.” It was said, also, that the man who begins with fifteen or twenty hens can care for them properly, and find time to learn the ins and outs of the business—the little things upon which success so largely de- pends-as he goes along. When these are learned, he can safely afford to increase the size of his flock, and not till then. The common mistake of the beginner in the poultry business is that he thinks he has mastered it because he has read some books on poultry-growing, success must be attained by the practical knowledge which comes of working among fowl, and not of reading about them. It was also agreed that only one male was needed for twenty hens. The male is necessary for breeding purposes only, as he has no in- fluence on egg-production. In building houses for winter shelter, plan them after some of the designs given in standard books on poultry manage- ment. Build substantially, and rith a view to warmth in winter. Hens will not lay well in cold and draughty houses, nor will they be healthy in damp ones. One experienced grower deplored the fact that the poultry-business has been made to seem a difficult and complicated one because of the elaborate care advised by many persons who write on the subject. He held that what he called a “common- sense ration” throughout the summer and fall was superior, in every way, to a "fancy” one, both for the health of the fowl and the production of eggs. He gave this as his rule for feeding: One-third each of oats, wheat bran, and crushed corn, dampened to mealiness and thoroughly mixed. After moulting begins a small quantity of linseed meal--perhaps two tablespoonfuls to twenty hens—is added. Some old nails are kept in the vessels of drinking water. Table scraps are given at noon, and during the rest of the day in summer the hens are allowed to forage in a grassy, yard to suit themselves. On the approach' of cold weather another feed of whole corn is given before the flock goes to roost. Not a case of chicken-cholera has appeared in his flock, and egg-pro- duction has been large and regular. AMONG THE FLOWERS If the season happens to be a dry one do not begin to water the flower-garden unless you have ample facilities at hand for keeping up the artificial supply of moisture. Better let the plants take their chances of surviving the drouth than to meet their demands for water for a little time and then neglect them. In applying water with the ordinary watering-pot remove the spray-nozzle. This will scatter water over the surface of the ground, and do but little good because not enough gets to the roots of the plants. Apply the water through the spout, con- centrating it at the base of each plant, and be sure that enough is used to pene- trate the soil to the depth of four or five inches. A smaller amount will be of very little benefit. See that the dahlias and gladioli are well staked and neatly tied. Use strips of cloth rather than string, as the latter often cuts into the soft wood. Keep the hoe going, in dry weather. An open soil has something of the porosity of a sponge and absorbs whatever moisture there happens to be in the atmosphere, but a soil that is allowed to become hard and crusted over repels moisture. In training vines about the house, be careful to give good support as they de- velop. Unless this is done they may be torn down by a sudden storm of wind or rain, and then it is impossible to put them back without injuring them. Prevent the possibility of harm of this kind by tacking them to the walls with strips of stout leather. Cloth rots in a season, and string is no better. Seedlings of perennials can be trans- planted to the beds and borders where they are to remain. Do this on a showery day, if possible, disturbing their roots but little. If they are watered well before lifting, the soil will cling about them and prevent root-exposure. Cut back tea roses sharply after each period of bloom. This will induce the development of new branches on which blossoms are borne. Make the soil very rich about these plants, using old cow- manure, if obtainable, in preference to any other fertilizer. After hybrid perpetual roses have per- fected their first crop of flowers, cut them back well and manure heavily. Being sim- ilar in habit to the tea class, they should have about the same treatment. They cannot be expected, however, to bloom as freely as the teas, after June. Now is the time to get ready for next winter. Cut your old Boston and Pierson ferns apart, and make half a dozen new plants from each one of them. Pot them in à soil of leafmold and sand, put them in a The Reasoning Power of the Dog 505 shady place, water well and shower daily: Young plants secured in this manner will be worth a dozen old ones for winter use. If you have geraniums or any other plant, for that matter-that you intend to make use of in the window-garden next winter, do not allow them to bloom during Nip off every bud as soon as Throw the strength of the plant into the development of branches. These should be shortened from time to time and made to produce side-branches. In this way you get a bushy, compact plant with a score of blossoming-points where there would be but few if you allowed the plant to train itself. summer. seen. Keep your chrysanthemums going stead- ily ahead. This is done by repotting to larger pots if their roots have filled the old ones, by the liberal use of some good fertilizer, and thorough watering. In hot weather it may be necessary to apply water to the roots twice a day. Always keep the soil quite moist. Be on the lookout for the black beetle. This is the most dangerous enemy of the chrysanthemum. My remedy is Ivory soap, melted, and mixed with water, in the proportion of a small-sized cake to fifteen gallons of the latter. Apply with a sprayer, all over the plant. Do this repeatedly once or twice a day until not a beetle is to be seen. THE REASONING POWER OF THE DOG BY S. L. E FABRY WH HETHER a dog's action, combining capacity, and an affection and loyalty for intelligence in execution with a me which I have never seen duplicated definite purpose, is prompted by instinct since. Whenever he was let out of his or by reason is still an unsolved problem. kennel his first thought would be to locate To teach a dog tricks or to train the the writer, hunting all familiar places until sporting dog for field work is a purely successful. If I happened to be in the mechanical lesson, impressed on his mind house he would scratch at the door or by memory in the first case, and by leading moan pitifully at the ground floor win- his inherited instinct into ways to serve dows to attract my attention; he was un- us, in the second-neither has any relation tiring in his efforts, never relaxing in his to reasoning. The reasoning power in the watching, even if tempted with food by animal shows itself if acts are accomplished others. I mention this as it indicates will which are the result of well-laid plans, power. I never let an opportunity pass executed after correct observation and without putting this dog's adaptiveness carried out for a purpose, and not resem to circumstances to a test. One day I bling the rudimental forms of instinct. happened to notice that a large oak tree Reasoning cannot be taught a dog as a overshadowed one of my outhouses. One trick can; it is the logical consequence of branch nearly covered the roof of the shed, higher intelligence and of a well-developed forming a bridge to the tree. Here was a mind. The dog which barks furiously at chance which I decided to utilize. By the cat on the tree, and attempts to crawl placing a large wooden box against the after her, is the simple dog; the intelligent wall of the shed and a smaller one on top animal would see at a glance the impossi of the first one, it was made possible for bility of the feat and not even try it. the dog to reach the nearly flat roof. Dogs are noted for their wonderful The tree was successfully climbed with the memory for places and objects, and they aid of a ladder, the latter removed and often return unaided from great distances the dog ordered to be let out of his kennel, through this gift. some distance away. Some interesting incidents showing rea He, as usual, came on a run, scenting soning power came under the writer's ob at all the places he was wont to find me. servation in his long experience with dogs. He soon detected me in my lofty position. To the large breeds preference was given, I shall never forget the dog's facial ex- especially Št. Bernards and Great Danes, pression as he spied me, it was as near to as capable of astonishing mental develop â human smile as I ever saw. He circled ment if reared properly and brought up the tree, then stood up against the trunk under the right conditions. as if mentally measuring the height of Amongst the many, I remember one the lowest branches. Then his correct whose doings were so rational that they conception of distances and power of ob- are worth recording. This dog showed servation showed itself; instead of wasting from his tenderest age remarkable intelli time in futile efforts, he gave his attention gence, excellent memory and observing to every object near the tree, and it is 506 The Outing Magazine plausible to presume that his mind at that fence. I soon found the real cause of his moment was reasoning to find a way to wounds. He had succeeded in biting get up the tree. The moment he saw his through the wire at several places and had way clear to get up on the roof, he instant cut himself by trying to squeeze through ly grasped the feasibility of getting near a too small opening. The dog seemed to me in that way. With one bound he cleared understand that I was making a mistake, the boxes was on the roof in the next, and wanted to forestall unjust punishment. then made his way carefully over the heavy Another dog I owned suffered a great foliage of the overlying tree to reach me. deal with indigestion. The least indiscreet The dog reasoned correctly and judged at diet would bring on these attacks, and as a glance the only way open to serve his they occurred very frequently I had a purpose. large bottle of medicine always on hand This same dog hated the confinement of and kept it on a shelf in his kennel. The his kennel and used the most remarkable dog seemed to have acquired a thorough tactics to break out. I used a six-foot comprehension as to the relief-bringing wire fence. His adaptiveness to dig under quality of that bottle. Whenever he was the fence was amazing. Stones, logs, or ill and food was placed before him, he boards were of no avail. He always found would scent it, walk away without touching a place never thought of. If he found the it, then turn to the shelf and gazing stead- ground too hard he would stand up against ily at the bottle, indicate plainly his wants. the wire fence, pushing his big paws He took the medicine without the slightest through the mesh, then taking hold of the balking, which is rather exceptional, as wire with his teeth he would throw his any one who ever tried to dose a dog will entire weight against it, pulling at it little agree. by little until the posts gave somewhat. This dog when let out, would never dis- Then by doubling his efforts the top of turb anything in the poultry yard, but the the fence was pulled down low enough so moment a stray chick lost her way into he could clear it. This was not accom his yard, the savage got the better of him; plished in a day or even a week; the dog he would catch the unfortunate straggler, had a definite purpose in view and worked kill and devour it, leaving only a few feath- until he accomplished his purpose. ers as evidence of the murder." Pun- To overcome this I had ten-inch boards ishment always followed. The remnants nailed between the posts, on top of the of feathers were shown to the dog so as to fence, and the latter fastened on these impress on him his wrong-doings and make boards. Things were satisfactory for a the cause of the punishment clear to him. short time. Öne nice morning I found From time to time young chickens would him at the house door bright and early be missing, and all efforts to locate the wagging joyfully at me. I was really guilty one were vain. The dog's yard was puzzled; and anxious to learn how he always scrutinized but nothing found. broke out this time. My best broilers were disappearing at a A visiting dog had been shipped to the rapid rate and I decided to have the dog kennels the previous day. The newcomer watched. Soon he was caught in the act was liberated in this dog's run and the and the mystery solved. The moment the crate left standing in the middle of his dog had finished his meal, he scratched yard. The dog, as usual, made good his the feathers in a heap and carried them opportunity by taking hold of the laths with his teeth to a corner of his yard, with his powerful jaws and succeeded in where he buried them. The dog had the moving the crate close enough to the fence most embarrassed and helpless expression so he could jump it. Of interest here is at the time he was caught that I ever no- the memory of the dog, who evidently re ticed on a dog. An extra severe punish- membered by what means he got up on the ment was dealt out, and I do not know if roof previously, and reasoned that the the mortification of being trapped or the crate would serve as the wooden boxes punishment did the work, but the dog was served before. cured from that moment on. Being of an affectionate, kind disposi The related observations show reasoning tion, he insisted on being treated in the in order to accomplish something for a set same way. If ordered to return to his purpose. I believe most animals possess kennel he would obey at once by heading for the quality in some degree, more or less, it, but near the door he would stop, stand according to their mental development. immovable, and no amount of coaxing or In the last case described the dog's in- punishment would induce him to stir; hut stinct led him to catch and kill the chicken; the moment I petted him, talking kindly, but memory told him that punishment he would turn in seemingly satisfied. would follow if found out. He reasoned One day I came into his kennel and found that by hiding the evidence of his guilt cuts on his muzzle, chest and front legs. he would escape punishment for his actions, Being under the impression that he had which he understood to be wrong. The been fighting with his kennel mate, I very fact of being able to discriminate be- started to punish both. The dog at once tween right and wrong and trying to check commenced to act queerly, as if he resented the consequences of the latter, shows the my act. He started forward a few yards necessity of thinking, and therefore of and then pointed with his nose at the reasoning power. HOW HOW TO BIT YOUR HORSE BY F. M. WARE THE 'HE interior of a horse's mouth will well His pupils in heavy harness accept the repay lengthy study. The lower jaw puzzling curb-bit and pulley-bridoon with- is a bundle of most sensitive nerves; of out objection. We are, in heavy-harness bones covered with the most paper-like bits, where we were a hundred years ago. skin, protected from the brutality or care All horses must be reduced to a unit, and lessness of man only by the muscular go acceptably in the curb-bit, which varies cushion of the tongue. We speak of hardly at all so far as the mouth-piece "making a horse's mouth'; it is really goes. his tongue which we educate to obey our No horse can be really "in hand" and directions. Cut off the tongue, or let properly facing his bit whose mouth and the animal get it over his bit, and one will bars are dry. The open mouth is always find the creature at once unmanageable, or a dry mouth. If he opens it, it must be nearly so. The lower jaw, or tongue, of shut by tightening the nose-band, or by a seventy per cent. of our horses of six years nose-strap; only, however, when all other old and over betrays evidences of brutal means fail. Many animals will close the usage. mouth to a light hand which keeps the You can never give a horse a proper mouth "alive" with its delicate "take mouth unless, first, you prevent his keep and give.” Others will succumb to an ing his mouth open; second, you keep his adjustment of the bit, or a style of bit, tongue always under the bit, and not over that just suits them. Others need the it or "lolling” out of the mouth; third, tongue fastened down, not only to keep, you train him to go pleasantly up to it, the mouth shut and to prevent “lolling, and to bend himself, and never to be "be but sometimes to stop a curious habit of hind" his bit, or to pull on it, or to drive drawing the tongue up in the mouth to upon either rein; fourth, you keep him such an extent that respiration is interfered always "alive on" and responsive to its with. slightest indications; fifth, you so balance Control is impossible unless the tongue him, that he can do all these things without stays under the bit. It may be tied down, suffering personal discomfort; sixth, you or confined by a rubber band (both last thoroughly deceive him as to the qualities resorts), or the bit may be raised high in and quantity of your power to control and the mouth, or a “floating port,” or a stiff- direct. These essentials may all be sim leather port of considerable length-about plified into two divisions: first, make him four inches—will keep the member in place. absolutely comfortable; second, fool him. Many will respond to the dropping of the From earliest colthood the horse should bit low in the mouth, so that the tongue be allowed to yield jaw and neck, of may readily be put over or under. The course, but never to open his mouth to reason is plain—the bit is in a new place, the pressure of the bit. An enthusiast and to protect himself from pain, the wrestling with the problem of bitting a la subject keeps his tongue under it. Sharp Baucher, may train his horse to open his teeth have much to do with this fault. mouth to bít flexion — the most perni- Thorough “floating" has cured many a cious habit he could learn. This result is "tongue loller." usual after the application of the "dumb A bit with its mouthpiece curved in the jockey” (now rarely used), with its tight segment of a circle is generally very suc- check, and rubber side lines cruelly short cessful with green" horses, for the rea- ened. When neck and jaw can stand the sons that it affords room for the tongue agony of restraint no longer, the opening of to lie comfortably beneath it, without the mouth gives relief by yielding several taking almost the entire pressure; that inches, and the habit is adopted, in most it rests evenly upon the bars of the mouth; cases to last through life; the tongue that its curved surface produces a regularly often works over the bit to escape pain, graduated sensation throughout the entire and “tongue lolling" becomes a confirmed jaw; that it does not burn the tender habit. membrane if roughly pulled, moving round No horse has so true and sensitive a the jaw rather than through it; that it mouth as the average horse handled by need not fit the mouth (in width) so ex- an American handler of colts. He uses actly; that it comes as near the effects of the simplest and easiest bits; he sees that a jointed-snaffle as any solid bar-bit can. they fit, and that they hang where they The heavy-harness bit may have a belong; he rarely develops a puller (though jointed mouth-piece (like a snaffle) in- he sometimes does develop a sluggard). stead of the usual solid form. We can 507 508 The Outing Magazine ures. then only use it in the cheek, and the half- cheek; however, in the middle bar it will have little effect, and it will tend to pinch the jaw. “Green” horses always drive well thus bitted, as the effect is what they have experienced in light harness. Any horse will go up to his bit if it suits his mouth. We shall have trouble if we attempt to drive in the middle-bar a horse which prefers the cheek, or if we use a tight chain, or a dropped bit when his mouth does not require such harsh meas- Horses vary from day to day, and arrangements which are O.K. on Mon- day may be quite the reverse on Wednes- day. If we try to force a horse up to a bit too harsh for his mouth we provoke trouble of various kinds, and are quite certain to lay the foundation from which pullers are made. No horse was ever born a puller. De- ficiencies in conformation have much to do with the fault. The mere weight of the reins is quite an appreciable number of pounds and exerts a most tiresome effect upon the jaw muscles. If we force a horse to face this punishment we leave him a choice of two evils: either to suffer tor- tures in mouth, jaw and neck, or, by pulling harder, to cause the curb chain to quickly destroy all sensation. Thus he escapes pain, and this trick he acquires as the only reprisal possible. We often obtain the same results by regulating his paces and carriage to our own ideas. Never court trouble, least of all with an animal, and unless we are sure that we can “win out." We can always beat a horse by artifice and deception—that is the only secret in handling him—but very often brute strength and severity will fail. Take, for instance, the horse who, on leay- ing the stable, likes to go away fast for the first few blocks, or the first quarter- mile. We object, and pull at him; he resists; we come again,”, and possibly put in a jerk or two for good measure, and so it goes until it becomes a habit with him always to “take hold” as soon as he starts. Other horses will lug desperately in going round a corner; others drive pleasantly until you try to stop them, when they sud- denly throw their whole weight on the bit, and blunder ahead anywhere; others plunge away at starting, and after a few yards are quiet; some pull one way, and some another—but all can be stopped. Of course, a low-headed, straight-shoul- dered, thick-necked, narrow-jawed “bull, as the dealers call them, is frequently almost hopeless. One may fall in with a puller at any time which other people have cultivated to an exquisite proficiency, and there are various methods of getting the best of these nuisances without seriously, hurting them. Any one who drives much should carry with him in his driving coat pocket two little straps and a piece of stout cord. One strap is about three-quarters of an inch wide, long enough to go through the average mouth, and has sewn on each end the half of a curb chain. If all other resources fail, place this in the mouth under the tongue, and cross the chains under the chin, taking them up snugly on the curb-hooks. The other strap is long enough to go completely around the nose and has a buckle on one side to shorten it, and the curb chain on each end. Put this around the nose, above the nostrils, cross under the chin, and hook snugly This keeps the mouth shut, and both these arrangements are very severe. The cord is a last resort, and goes over the upper jaw, but under the upper lip, back through the half cheek, and is tied there, more or less tight. This takes effect upon a surface never before touched, and must be applied with great care as a very high-couraged horse will sometimes fight it desperately. Of course all these arrangements are merely temporary makeshifts and lose their effect if frequently employed; nor should they be brought into use until other methods have failed. Nose-nets and other contraptions also lose all value if regularly worn. The very best way to cure a puller is to pass him along and let the other fellow tackle the job. Horses that drive on one rein need thorough attention to their teeth at once. Few horses drive on one rein which are not also “foul gaited" in carrying one hind foot between the front; in sidling, and in other vagaries of locomotion, and such subjects frequently interfere, overreach, or cross-fire—which will stop when the origi- nal fault is corrected. The “bristle-burr' has excited much indignation from humani- tarians who knew nothing of it, or its effects. Now the “burr' has upon its surface various bunches of bristles, about half an inch long, and if it inficts pain to press your tooth-brush (even with all your power) against your own mouth angles, then the "bristle-burr" is an article of torture. Try it and see whether you suffer. Uncomfortable?-yes, if you per- sist in pressing on it-and so the horse finds it, and therefore he doesn't press on it, but carries his head straight and the “burr” away from the mouth-angle-which the width of the bit allows him to do. There are hundreds of horses in use to-day regularly wearing “bristle-burrs," and are comfortable with them and uncontrollable without them. It is of no use to haul and jerk at a "one-reiner” or a puller; little sharp "give-and-take" pulls that never let him get steadily hold of you are the manipulations that succeed. To pull, a horse must brace himself-set himself, and all his muscles. The little, imperceptible touches which become automatic on the part of a good reinsman, continually come at just the moment when the horse thinks, “Now, I've got you!” Harsh-bitting never answers with a "one-reiner''; drive ing him circles on the side he pulls will How to Bit Your Horse 509 or help; changing the position of his head, The hands must never yield until the and his bits; varying the working-side jaw and neck have first done so; then in pairs; using a stick from the pad-terret instantly. to the bit to keep him straight; "bristle The snaffle is the harmless medium of burrs,” and, finally, plain-leather-cheeks the neophyte, the test of skill in the ex- (as a reminder); rubber, or leather, or pert. Hannel-covered bits, etc., all help, but No horse's head can be properly placed, each horse is a study in himself. leaving at the same time a pliant mouth, In bitting the saddle horse a lot of vexa except with the snaffle (or bridoon), in tion has been caused amateurs by the study the full bridle. of the works of Baucher, and other ex Nature gave us two hands, and both are perts, who so concealed their very simple needed in equestrianism. methods behind a mass of verbiage that As the first step in attaining balance, the the neophyte was completely bewildered. horse must, in aſl his paces, carry his face Two obstacles always interfere with success perpendicularly. in these undertakings. First, the student Lessons should be short-not over ten is unable to decide when to stop, or how to minutes—frequently repeated, twice begin; nor does he ride well enough to se more daily, if possible; submission be cure the perfect and unconscious balance followed by instant caress to the part and seat without which fine "hands" are addressed. impossible. Second, he lacks the patience If a horse turns sulky, revert instantly to persevere, and if he succeeds he finds to first principles; that was the way you that it is bothersome to keep his pupils learned the multiplication table. always at their best, and that they are The smaller the arena, etc., the quicker too finely educated for the average eques will the pupil bend himself, make his trian to ride at all. Horses trained to per- mouth, and come into balance. Even a fection, are not salable until "spoiled down box-stall will do. to” the capacity of the average twice Every horse has two ends, and we must around-the-park-for-my-liver's-sake rider. obtain control of both; the “forehand” Buyers don't want horses that may make by our hands, the “backhand by our them appear ridiculous. Neither will any legs. one pay for the time and skill required to The moment a horse rests upon the hand, thoroughly educate a saddle horse, and that moment he is out of balance. therefore mouths may be the most imper When the mouth is “making,” and alive fect and still meet all requirements; in to address, it is always moist on bars and fact one that will “take hold” enough to lip angles. allow the rider to haul himself up at each The bridoon "sets" the head, and gives step in the trot, and to hold on by in the the signals for turning, etc.; the curb re- canter, or over a fence, is regarded as a strains, aids the perpendicular carriage of delightful mount by most people. the head, and so places it that the bridoon In so brief an article as this, it is impossi may act properly. ble to go into all the details of bitting, The first impulse of the horse is always and of producing perfect balance in the to yield to the pressure of the hands and horse. To produce, and to retain it, the of the legs, but this yielding is evanescent animal is never allowed to take a step (with the mouth at least), and must be of his own volition, but is "ridden" from instantly rewarded by the yielding hand. the time the equestrian mounts. Certain Care must be taken that when the jaw supplings and bendings are practiced upon is yielded it simply relaxes, and that 'the the subject's jaw and neck from the ground, mouth does not open, lest this be inter- but this may be carried as far as is worth preted as the object of the tension. while in the average saddle-horse, from In all bending and suppling of the neck, the saddle. This bitting is fully as much the horse's head must be straightened by a matter of the legs and heels as of the the opposite rein, and he must never be hands, and no horse can be made to bend allowed to straighten it of his own volition. and collect himself unless the seat is good Nothing makes a horse bend himself, enough to allow of proper leg work and come into balance, and carry himself light the balance true enough to aid and not to in hand better than backing. impede the process. A few important These matters, while the A B C of bit- hints on the subject are: ting for saddle work, include more atten- In every movement asked of the horse, tion than the average horse gets. The from yielding the jaw at a stand, action of same sort of work is of great advantage the legs (or spurs at first) must always for harness horses, and is better for ail of precede that of the hands. This is the them than the cruelly abused bitting- basic rule of all horsemanship. gear. ROD AND GUN him on FLY FISHING FOR with him—as well as successfully landing him from the surging waters. OUANANICHE As to the lines, I know of nothing better than the best braided silk lines. They are BY LOUIS RHEAD strong, round, even and pliable, as well as light, the last being all important in cast- EI 'VERY angler who has learned to cast ing. The best line is that which tapers a fly tolerably well, so that he can to the size of the gut. land a good-sized trout in a businesslike Regarding the reel, it should be of the way, begins to think and wonder what he best, running smooth and easily with a would do with a leaping salmon if he had heavy click, and black in color, for the ouananiche is just as easily scared as a The best place to go for salmon in my trout, and while casting the bright glitter experience is the Grande Décharge of Lake of shining steel scares away more fish than St. John, two hundred and ninety miles the angler supposes. I have never tried above Quebec by the Lake St. John Railway the automatic reel, but if one is used to it to Roberval, stay there over night, then and can manage it handily no doubt it early next morning take a small steamer would be of great assistance in the rapid to the Island House which is about forty breaks and returns that the ouananiche is miles away and right near the Décharge. so justly famous for. The reel should be The best time to go is from June 15th to used underneath the rod and below the July 15th. The fish are then hungry, grip, not above and over as in bait casting. plentiful and gamey, and the 'gnats and The only thing remaining is to be pro- mosquitoes are not so bad as they are later vided with a net ample in size and with a on when it gets warmer. handle at least four feet long. Although In providing tackle, a well-built trout the guide invariably uses the net, there are rod of six or eight ounces, twelve feet long, times when the angler wishes to do the is to my mind the best, but the all-impor whole thing himself. As regards tackle tant thing in tackle for ouananiche is to this completes the outfit. get the very best gut, line, reel and fly. On arrival at the Island House the angler ît is the soundest economy to begrudge no will have an opportunity to look around, expense connected with these four things unpack and make preparations for an early on which the sport for all this outlay de start on the following morning, for the pends. Moreover, as regards gut, I believe greater part of the day is spent in crossing that the best, and consequently the most the lake, having lunch and getting ready expensive, is in the long run actually the for the fishing trip, most economical if proper care be taken At the landing the guides are in waiting. of it. A good carefully picked salmon gut Two are picked out by the house manager, will outlast four inferior strands. I have and you squat down in the middle of the two salmon leaders, bought nine years ago bark canoe with a guide at each end. It in England, which have been used every will be a convenient thing if you can speak season either for salmon or bass, and they French, for out of the whole lot I found are still strong and sound, with a large only one who could make himself intelli- number of fish to their credit, too. gently understood in English. A salmon gut leader should be six feet A picturesque feature is the genuine long with the upper fly three feet from the birch-bark canoe instead of the common- leader or end fly. Only two flies are used. place canvas substitute. Those made of In both trips of three weeks' duration the new bark are of a golden-orange color only flies I used were the Jock Scott and which after long service becomes a silvery Silver Doctor. This was not because I gray. These canoes are made by the Mon- had no other flies, for my salmon book tagnais Indians during the summer at their contains nearly four hundred flies of a little reservation near Roberval. They cost hundred different kinds. The two flies about twenty-five dollars. The bark is mentioned I found were used by the stripped from the trees on their hunting others. The guides said they were the trips in the winter. best so I began with them and as I kept on Because of the rapid water and numerous landing fish I wisely let well enough alone. currents it is necessary to have two guides. Let the fly be a reasonably small one; a We soon got to the Grand Falls where the large-sized trout fly or a small-sized bass best pools are. Casting and landing in a fly is right. I was sorry to see many fisher canoe are difficult and disagreeable. For men using flies with a double hook. This that reason very few try it. It is much is stepping down from high sportsmanship. better and easier to fish from the rocks, It looks as if the angler were afraid to lose most of the pools being near shore. a fish, which to me is part of the game crossed the boiling water to one of the adding zest and vim to the work of playing numerous islands, we could see great As we 510 Rod and Gun 511 masses of floating foam, sometimes from minutes, the line being kept taut all the forty to sixty feet square. In this floating time. Suddenly the reel again sings white mass are myriads of flies caught by merrily, for if you have been wise you will the torrent, and underneath the salmon may have held the line between your fingers, be seen on the feed. reeling in the surplus line. He will now Now the time had arrived, after travel break water at a reasonable distance and ing so far, our only thoughts were on the you will gradually reel him in nearer and number and size of the quarry, but we nearer. He will hold back doggedly all were told there is a limit of twenty fish per the time until he is near enough to see the day for one angler. The average fish is net, which sets him on fire again. Though two pounds, a good one is four pounds, a angler and fish are both tired, he makes a "corker" is six. I have never caught a last spurt away and breaks water for the “corker," and to tell the truth I would not last time. Then he comes up and the guide like to labor with many six-pound ouana with a swift, deep stroke brings the strug- niche. gling, kicking beauty ashore. He is a And now for the cast! A long caster has four-pound fish and your guide praises you the best chances. A cast of fifty feet is greatly and says in French, “You are a fit good; one of seventy is better, one of a antagonist." hundred gets the largest fish. Our object Never attempt to net the fish yourself is to land the fly on the foam in the middle, on the first day or so; let the guides do if possible, and let it sink just a few seconds, that and see how they manage it. One sometimes less. Remember the foam is practical lesson is worth a good deal. The constantly moving; sometimes it touches ouananiche is very hard indeed to get in the rocks. Then the tyro has his chances, the net; he is so frightened at it and the but this applies only to the smaller fish. angler that he will again and again dart off, The larger fish stay out at least fifty feet. and the same careful playing must be They see the fishermen casting and are repeated every time. It is no use to hurry therefore wary. When a large fish takes matters with the fine tackle I recommend, the fly he at once feels something wrong. and heavy coarse tackle they will not take. He first gives a quick shake, maybe to There are times when both flies are shake the fly down; then he feels the barb, taken at once. In such cases more care for he cannot swallow that. Instantly is required and it is absolutely necessary down into the deep water he plunges like a that the guide should net them. He runaway horse. Nothing will stop him. knows just the right moment to get them, Then from the bottom we can feel him sail that is, when the fish are close to each ing up again at the same breakneck speed, other. and like a flash he breaks through the And so the fishing goes on through the water high into the air. There is some day with a short interval for a fish lunch thing in this moment never to be forgotten if any are caught. Otherwise a can of beef -“our first salmon," the roaring water of is opened; but it is considered very un- the falls, and the reel screaming!. Down favorable to open a can, and if the angler again he goes, but not so deep this time. is a duffer the guide will himself offer to He tears along, and to our surprise he try his skill. As he says, “Just enough for breaks again one hundred feet away. Like our luncheon," and invariably he gets lightning he is back at our very feet and enough for luncheon. Afterward we envi. out of the water again. What a beauty he ously try to emulate his skill. is—for a second in the air with gills expand At the close of the day, thoroughly tired, ing and mouth wide open, and we stand we gather the fish and once more embark there breathing hard, not knowing what for the return journey. Our twenty fish to do or what is coming. Our line is trail will weigh from thirty to seventy pounds. ing in the water, for we are not as yet At this season of the year there is no need accustomed to his antics. After he views to try any other flies, for none are so effec- his tormentor he goes down below, eighty tive as the good Silver Doctor and Jock feet deep, and then he holds himself there Scott. These flies may be purchased in and shakes his body back and forth like a the best and most reliable tackle shops in bulldog.. With arms tired and aching you New York City for forty cents each. They still hold on, and here comes the final test can be purchased in Quebec at the same of the gut, and that test will prove if you price. understand just the right tension to hold. This gamey fish may also be caught in A jerk or just a little give will lose him. Maine, but the conditions are entirely He is well hooked and only poor handling different. They are mostly in deep lakes will give him a chance. Meanwhile the and their mode of capture is essentially guide goes down the rock to the edge of the different and to my mind not half so excit- water, standing calm with net in hand, ing. At the Décharge the turbulent water now and then giving a word of advice, gives a dash and go to the game entirely which gives us confidence in ourselves so lacking so far as I know in Maine waters. that we mentally resolve to land that The expense of the trip is somewhat lower salmon if possible. During this sulk the in Maine, bụt the Canadian experience is fish will lie there from five to twenty well worth the extra cost. SAVING THE CROPS BY A. S. ATKINSON "HE economy of spraying fruit and vege along roadsides. The army worm takes possession of the weeds along the hedges, questioned; but there is another side to and later appears in great numbers to raid the subject that is worth emphasizing: the orchards, gardens and fields. It is a We can fight the bugs, worms, beetles, and surprise sometimes to know where so many other insects quite effectually, in garden of these worms suddenly come from, but and orchard by observing very simple rules. the secret is an open one. They have been One of the best checks to insect pests is to quietly breeding among the bushes and adopt a sensible rotation of crops. From weeds. By cutting them down and burn- the point of view of maintaining the fertil ing them in early summer we destroy thou- ity of the soil a proper system of rotation sands of the insects. is essential, but when we add to it the bene The third step to check insect spreading fit derived in checking the spread of insects is to encourage the growth of natural it should be emphatically recommended. enemies of noxious worms, flies and insects. We can partly check the onion maggot, These beneficial insect destroyers should cabbage maggot and many similar pests by be known and recognized by all. The com- simply changing the crops from season to mon toad is one of the best friends of the season. The insects are starved out by gardener. A single toad will destroy a this process, and the larvæ hatched out score or two flies and insects every day. from last season's crop find no natural food Toads should be encouraged to spend their to live on. No crop should be raised more days of usefulness in the garden. Birds, than two successive seasons on the same especially the martins and bluebirds and piece of ground. In some cases one year common swallows, are great insect de- for each crop is better. Crops following stroyers, but unfortunately it is difficult should be as different in their character to keep these around in great numbers. istics as possible, so there may be no danger However, by feeding them and building of the old enemies eating the new plants. bird houses for their young, it is possible Onions should not follow cabbages on the to encourage them to stay with us. same piece of ground, nor lettuce come The insects which prey upon noxious after tomatoes or parsley. insects are the most difficult friends for us The rotation can be accomplished only to recognize. Extensive efforts have been by keeping a complete map or diagram of made to introduce insects in this country the garden from year to year. By a little for destroying garden and orchard pests, planning next season's cabbage patch can but we would do well to recognize the be far removed from this season's, so that virtues of our own common garden friends. the maggots cannot readily find it. Corn The California lady beetles have accom- may follow the cabbages, and turnips may plished much in destroying the cottony come after the spring and summer lettuce. cushioned scale; and now the Chinese lady By the right rotation of crops, and proper beetles have been imported to fight the care so that the plants will grow rapidly, San José scale. All the lady beetles de- the insect pests can be controlled to a con stroy noxious insects, and the common siderable extent. In the case of the Hes tiger beetle is another excellent fighter in sian fly decided benefits are obtained in the our behalf. The common ants will destroy wheat' fields by changing the position of many noxious insects, and if their own the crop each successive season. numbers are not allowed to increase so as The second step in fighting the insect to prove a nuisance, their presence in the pests without spraying is to cut down all garden is more beneficial than injurious. the weeds, bushes and certain wild trees Nearly all the lady beetles eat plant lice, of the roadsides, hedges and nearby fields so that the latter may be kept down with- which tend to harbor insects. The wild out much difficulty. There are many cherry tree is the worst offender in this parasites which attack the cocoons of respect. It is found growing nearly every noxious insects, and their presence should where, and usually in late summer it is be encouraged. Instead of destroying thick with insects. The wild cherry tree cocoons that show signs of attack by affords excellent food and shelter for the parasites, it is wise to let them remain, so apple tree tent caterpillar. The descend the parasites may do their work and spread ants of the caterpillars nourished on the for another season. The fresh cocoons, leaves of the wild cherry fly into nearby which show no signs of injury, are the ones orchards and deposit their eggs on the to destroy; the slimy, worm-eaten ones apple trees. Likewise the grapeberry are the ones to leave. moth, which so disastrously attacks many All of these steps in fighting insects sup- vineyards, breeds and multiplies in the small plementary to spraying with insecticides hedge bushes and young trees of all kinds are important in the ordinary garden. 512 THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER (Continued from preceding page) Here are the ancient Missions, founded when the land was young, so cool and restful that you want to linger on and on delving in their long-forgotten lore. Here are the shadowed valleys filled to overflowing with flowers of perennial bloom, the like of which no other land affords—and last, the blue Pacific, that fans you with her refreshing breath as you speed safely along within a short stone throw of the lace-fringed beach, or bathe in her invigorating waters. The Road of a Thousand Wonders calls aloud to those who seek the one summer vacation of a lifetime. It cannot be de- scribed or imagined. You must traverse it to revel in its glories, and now is the time. For particulars regarding resorts, rates and trains, address Chas. S. Fee, Pas- senger Traffic Manager, Southern Pacific Company, Room K, Union Ferry Depot, San Francisco, California. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE MR. ROBERTS' ROBERTS' “RED FOX” BY JOHN BURROUGHS women. 99 HAVE thought it would be interesting the den on your own farm? In Scot- and possibly amusing to go through land," Charles St. John says, “the cot- Mr. Roberts' “Red Fox'' and see when and tagers who live near the woods are con- where one could detect the man under the stantly complaining of the foxes, who steal fur, or point out wherein his hero is nearer their fowls frequently in broad daylight, akin to the human than to the vulpine. I carrying them off before the faces of the have genuine admiration for Mr. Roberts' women, but never committing themselves genius, and when I read this animal stories in this way when the men are at home." This last part of the statement is probably his subject, and so taken by the fine descrip based upon the hasty observation of the tion and the wild flavor of it all, that I have A man in my neighborhood who to make a special effort to keep an eye on lives near the woods frequently had his his natural history. I have constantly to chickens caught by foxes in the daytime. nudge myself and say, “Look out! you are Is there any reason to suppose those foxes being hoodwinked, it is the author himself do not live in the immediate vicinity? No, who is playing the part of Red Fox now.” the reasoned cunning which Mr. Roberts Mr. Roberts says in his preface and thereby, ascribes to his fox is human and not vulpine. as it were, challenges the acumen of his I can think of but one reason why a fox reader, that his Red Fox is a real fox, that should go to a distant farm for its poultry: he is fairly typical of his kind, though it is afraid to invade the hen-roosts near at "stronger and cleverer than the average run hand. It sees so much life there during of foxes." But I am bound to say that he the day and early evening-human voices, is cleverer than I believe it possible for any the barking of dogs, the firing of guns, etc. fox to be, and that Mr. Roberts puts him —that it becomes shy of the place, while self in his place time after time. distant farms, which it would be likely to Most of the lower animals we know share pass through only late at night, would seem our emotion, but they do not share our comparatively safe, Or has the fox this intellectual powers, they do not put this human trait, that it looks for rich finds and that together and draw reasonable only far from home? Whatever may be conclusions. Our complex psychology has the fact, it is unwise to seek to account for no room to turn around inside their small an animal's conduct on difficult and com- brains. The animal-story writer is con plex grounds when a simple explanation stantly in danger of endowing them with serves better. his own faculties and motives in order to I do not think Mr. Roberts is within the account for their conduct. He reasons for truth of natural history when he makes his them and imputes to them his own knowl foxes pair and the male assist in caring for edge. Mr. Roberts does this repeatedly in the young. So far as is known, foxes do “Red Fox." The mother fox, for instance, not differ in this respect from the habits of was too wary, too prudent, to molest the domestic dog. The two sexes appear poultry near home. She did not wish to live quite apart except in the mating notoriety in her own neighborhood. “She season in February. There is no conjugal would pass a flock of waddling ducks, near union between them lasting through the home, without condescending to notice year, as Mr. Roberts sets forth. Accord- their attractions." "She had no wish to ing to all the evidence I have been able to advertise herself." And she succeeded in collect, the female lives alone with her impressing this policy upon young. Red young and brings them up without aid Fox. She taught him the subtle wisdom from the male. It is possible of course of this saying, “that easy hunting is not that the male may visit the den at night, always good hunting. Where and how but how shall we prove or disprove a the mother fox learned so much human statement of this kind? In fact, I cannot nature does not appear. I know that now recall one case among our mammals country people sometimes fool themselves where there is anything like a permanent with the belief that, for prudential reasons, union between the sexes or where the males the fox will not molest poultry on the aid in rearing the young. If the mother farms near its den. But there is no proof bird had nursed her young, it is probable of the soundness of such an opinion. that the male would be as indifferent to his How are you to know that the fox that family the male mammals now are in- carried off your turkey and goose came different to theirs. But Mr. Roberts from a den five miles away, and not from makes his foxes live together and hunt 512a 5126 The Outing Magazine together and share equally in the cares of the family from year to year. Last June, near a New England college town, the girls took me one morning early to see a den of young foxes in a field within easy rifle range of the highway and trolley line. A milkman who had come down the road half an hour before we reached the place, said that as he came along he saw five young foxes playing about the den, and one old one. He shouted at them and they all ran in the hole. When we came in sight of the den two of them had come out, a young one and the old one. The old one was sitting down like a dog, appar- ently observing her young one as it ran about near the den. I have no doubt at all that this old one was the mother fox. The milkman told us that he saw them nearly every morning, and that he had never seen but one old fox among them. This agrees with previous observations of mine and with all I can learn from hunters and trappers. If Mr. Roberts had been a fox hunter, he would have known that a wounded fox takes to hole as soon as possible, and does not stop and wait for the hounds to come up and grapple with it. Of course a fox may be so sorely wounded that it cannot reach its den, but in this case the fox stops amid the rocks and awaits the dogs. Think, too, of a fox, in trying to lead the hounds away from its den, knowing enough to stop upon its old trail and stand there deliberately, having thought the matter all out, long enough for the new scent to over- power the old so that the hounds would be switched off when they reached that point! Is not Mr. Roberts again in the fox's place? A little further along in the story we come upon the old fable of the fox baffling his pursuers by running across the backs of a flock of sheep. Fancy such a thing! Even if Reynard were astute enough to try such a trick, fancy a flock of sheep standing in a compact body with a wild animal rac- ing across their backs! Both sheep and foxes are misrepresented in this incident. Again, he makes his fox show an interest in, and a curiosity about, the first snow and ice that it saw quite equal to that which a person from the tropics might show. Now think it quite certain that the animals, wild or domestic, are not at all curious about the general phenomena of nature, nor disturbed by them. A sudden change from a brown world to a white world does not apparently attract their attention at all. But Red Fox was startled and alarmed by the change and dared not ven- ture out from his den. He at first chought it was feathers and that there had been a great hunting, and not till he had smelled of it and took some of it in his mouth, was he convinced that it was not feathers! Is not this putting one's self in the fox's place? Our author trips in his natural history when he assumes that the skunk betrays himself by his odor as he goes about his business in the fields and woods. Red Fox had had an encounter with one, and of course came off a sadder but a wiser fox. But he found this advantage in the unsav- ory odor that advertised him wherever he went: “His hunting became distinctly easier, for the small wild creatures were deceived by the scent." They thought it was a skunk which is slow of movement, whereas it was a fox which is very quick. This was a gain to the fox, but it worked against the skunks, for the word soon went ahead through the woods that some skunks were swift of foot and terrible of spring as a wild cat; and therefore all skunks of the Ringwaak country found the chase made more difficult for them." Now this is slandering the skunk, which does not wear its scent bag upon its sleeve as it goes about, but is as free from the odor which is the weapon of its defense as is the fox or any other animal. One night I met one near my own door and came near stroking it with my hand thinking it was the cat, but I saw the gleam of white in time to save me probably from the expedient of having to bury my clothes, to say nothing of having to bury or remove one end of my house. Trappers will tell you that the skunk is quite odorless even when caught in a steel trap, till the death blow is dealt it. Twice in the course of this story Red Fox “plays possum, feigns death and thereby effects his escape from his captors. I do not take any stock at all in this legend of the fox playing possum. I do not believe it ever happens. I can gather no evidence of it among trappers and hunters, but I freely admit that such a fox as Mr. Roberts, describes might easily be capable of the trick -a fox so wise that he knew a certain farmer in the valley below was no adept with the gun and therefore did not fear him; that knew another farmer was not at home one day when he approached his wagon shed because the wagon was gone; that, in order to escape the hounds when the pursuit be- came too hot, jumped into the hind end of a wagon that was passing along the road and curled up in it behind a bag of feed; that knew that a strangely acting muskrat had gone mad, and that therefore its bite would be fatal to her young: that knew a small dark cloud moving up the slope toward him as he sat on the ridge to be a swarm of bees and that the bees were probably bound for a hollow tree in the mountain-and so on through a long list of things that men alone are supposed to know and to do. Mr. Roberts would not have exposed his “Red Fox" to this kind of criticism if he had not taken pains to assure his reader that his story was substantially true, and that there is abundant evidence that the fox may and does show all the intelligence, adaptability and foresight that he ascribes to his hero in this book. As literature, the work has many merits, but as natural history, it is erroneous and misleading in many particulars, THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER TRADE MARK Bull Dog SUSPENDERS WARM WEATHER TESTS SUSPENDER QUALITY That's when ordinary suspenders wear out quickly. That's when their trimmings rust, their colors run and spoil the linen, or else fade out. That's when they become lifeless because the small strands of poor quality rubber used rot quickly. That's when Buli Dog Suspenders Prove Their Superiority With best nickel and gilt trimmings that never rust, with colors sweat-proof that never fade, and with webbing containing more and better real, live rubber, they Outwear Three Pairs of the Other Kinds Light and cool, they are the most comfortable hot weather suspender. Made in light and heavy weights, also extra lengths and youths' sizes. Your dealer will gladly show them to you if he has them; if not, we will send you a pair by mail, postpaid, for 50 cents. Hewes & Potter Dept. 23 87 Lincoln Street BOSTON, MASS. Largest and Best Suspender and Belt Makers in the world When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER HEINZ The Name that Guarantees Pure Vinegar So common has adulteration become that there is but one safe way for the average housewife to buy vinegar, and that is-by name. The name of HEINZ on food pro- ducts carries with it a guarantee of abso- lute purity and wholesomeness. On vinegar it assures the purchaser of the finest quality nature, skill and superior equipment can produce. We make three kinds—Malt Vinegar for table use and salad dressing; White Pickling for pickling and preserving, also excellent for the table; Cider Vinegar for those who prefer it. None of these contains an atom of impurity or adulteration; each is the finest of its class, exceeding in strength and purity the requirements of all state and government pure food authorities. Heinz Malt Vinegar is brewed in a special manner from selected barley malt. Its delightful aroma and smooth- ness make it indispensable where fine flavor is desired. You can buy Heinz Pure Vinegar at any reliable grocer's in sealed bottles or by measure. But be sure you are pro- tected by the name HEINZ, for vine- gar is an article easily substituted. Heinz Vinegars with Heinz Pure Olive Oil make a salad combina- tion unsurpassed. Others of the 57 Varieties are Heinz Sweet Pic- kles, Chow Chow, India Relish, Preserved Fruits, Baked Beans, etc. HEINZ FERMENTE PURE MALT VINEGAR PIETIES ODUCTS H. J. HEINZ COMPANY, “ The Girl in the White Cap" will send you a helpful booklet about vinegar if you write for it. New York Chicago Pittsburgh London When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER 다​. "Prosknit REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. BECAUSE it is POROUS, is the IDEAL SUMMER UNDERWEAR Poroskrit lets your body breathe through the countless tiny perforations in the fabric, Potosiknit carries the air right to your skin, and fresh air, you know, is more cooling even than water. Porosknit". is the ideal underwear for summer because, besides being cool and clean, it dries quickly, absorbs moisture, dispels odor. 50 Cents Retail ASK YOUR DEALER FOR Potoskrit ( Booklet in blue and gold, “From Dawn to Bed,” free to those who write for it. CHALMERS KNITTING COMPANY 11 WASHINGTON STREET, AMSTERDAM, N. Y. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER lountains Sort Deuces Coca-Cola ADDS A REFRESHING RELISH Sold at all Founts 5¢ TO EVERY FORM Carbonated in Bottles OF EXERCISE MASSENGALE Atlanta THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER TOURING TIME IS Rambler TIME HE SUCCESS of your trip is entirely de- pendent upon the reliability of your car. Then, as at no other time, is a capacity for steady ser- vice under all conditions of such paramount importance. The production of a car of absolute dependability has ever been the primal object of the Rambler factory, and the thousands of these cars now in constant service are ample proof of successful efforts. Built in seven models, $1,200 to $3,000 Main Office and Factory, Kenosha, Wis. Branches: Chicago, 302-304 Wabash Ave. Milwaukee, 457-459 Broadway Boston, 145 Columbus Ave. Philadelphia, 242 N. Broad St. San Francisco, 31 Sanchez St. New York Agency, 38-40 W. 62nd St. Representatives in all leading cities. Thomas B. Jeffery & Company Model 15, $2,500 Wher Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTİSER DUFFY'S STERILIZED DUFFY'S 1842 TRADE MARK “ THE BEST OF ALL BEVERAGES” The pleasure of an outing afloat or ashore is increased by the cooling comfort of a good draught of DUFFY'S APPLE JUICE. For healthfulness and deliciousness there's no other beverage comparable with it. It has the ripe flavor of freshly gathered apples, with a snap and sparkle all its own. DUFFY'S APPLE JUICE is the pure juice of the ripe apples, sterilized and non- alcoholic. It is the health drink par excellence for old and young. Sold by all first class grocers and druggists. If your dealer cannot supply you send us $3.00 for trial dozen bottles; all charges prepaid to any part of the United States. DUFFY'S Mother Goose Book for the children sent free on request. AMERICAN FRUIT PRODUCT co. 18 WHITE STREET, ROCHESTER, N. Y. w When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER POPE POPE RELIABILITY Kartford Hartford POPE-HARTFORD, MODEL G. There's the maximum of enjoyment and minimum of care and expense in a 2-cylinder gasoline car whose cardinal points of value have been proved by a season's use and whose details of design, construction and equipment have been improved in accordance with the suggestions that come only with experience. If you want a car for yourself or for family use, dependable, easy running, a good hill climber and efficient in the broad sense of the term, a machine you can drive and care for yourself, you can't afford to overlook the Pope-Hartford, Model G which gives unusual value for the price. BODY: Divided front seat and double side entrance tonneau. SEATING CAPACITY: five. MOTOR: two-cylinder, horizontal opposed, located under the hood. HORSE POWER: 18. IGNITION: jump spark. TRANSMISSION: sliding gear, three speeds forward and reverse. DRIVE: shaft with bevel gears. BRAKES : double-acting brakes expanding in drums attached to each rear wheel hub; double-acting band brake attached to rear of transmission shaft. (With top $ 100 extra.) Price, $1600. POPE-HARTFORD, MODEL F. Our 1906 model, a modern 4-cylinder, gasoline, 25 H. P. touring car. For speed, quietness and hill climbing it can't be equalled at anywhere near the price. (With top $125 extra.) $2500. POPE-TRIBUNE, MODEL V. A modern car at a moderate price. It is a thoroughly reliable two-cylinder gasoline, 14 H. P. touring car, easy to operate and economical to maintain. Price with tonneau or rear deck, $900. POPE MANUFACTURING CO., HARTFORD, CONN. New York City: 1733 B'way. Boston : 223 Columbus Ave. A. L. A. M, Washington : 819 14th St., N. W. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE - THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Jack London Says: RUSSIAN TRADE MARK. TRADE MARK. "After my return to California I began to wonder what in the dickens bad become of those cigarets. And now your cigarets and the letter arrive together. I have sam pled ihem and they are fine. What I like about them is that they are not sickenly sweet and heavy. I bey're just right—the real thing. With best wishes (Signed) JACK LONDON." MAKAROFF C Jack London has smoked cigarets the world over. He is in a MAKAROFF position to make comparisons. He writes me in another letter RUSSIAN that he first smoked real Russian Cigarets during the Russo-Japa- nese war and that since that experience he has never found the CIGARETS real thing in cigarets" until he tried Makaroff's. CIGARETS NOW LISTEN TO ME My enthusiasm over these cigarets is due entirely to my knowledge of them and of cigarets in general. I admit that I am a crank on the subject. I have been a crank on smoke for twenty lcave in your office or apartments no trace of the odor usually years. When I talk about smoke I am talking from the smoker's associated with cigarets. I defy anybody who approves the odor standpoint-your standpoint and mine, as smoke cranks—and not of any good smoke to object to the odor of these cigarets. (You as a manufacturer. I am a smoker first and a manufacturer know what the usual cigaret odor is like.) afterward. I started the manufacture of these goods strictly be Another thing-you can smoke the cigarets day in and day out cause that was the only way to be sure that my friends and myself without any of that nervousness or ill feeling which most smokers were going to be supplied with them regularly. If you know any are familiar with as a result of ordinary cigaret smoking. This is thing about the uncertainties of importing from Russia you know straight talk and I mean it. These cigarets won't hurt you and I speak facts. you owe it to yourself to find it out for yourself. I am now extending the sale of Makaroff Russian Cigarets to The cigarets are packed in cedar boxes, one hundred to the my other friends-the one's I haven't seen, but who are my box - done up like the finest cigars. friends just the same because they like the good things of life as I YOUR OWN MONOGRAM do. Nearly every box of Makaroff Russian Cigarets discovers one in gold will be put on your cigarets just as soon as you have tried them out and want them regularly. of these friends for me. I seldom fail to get a hearty handshake by return mail. The friends I get I keep. That's why I can I will gladly send you full information about these cigarets, but afford to take all the risk of pleasing you, and I do it. talk is deaf and dumb compared with actually smoking them. Makaroff Russian Cigarets are offered to connoisseurs (another Smoke is the final test. MY OFFER name for cranks) on the basis of smoking quality alone. They Send me your order for a trial hundred of the size and value have got to please you as a particular smoker, better than anything you have ever smoked before, or I don't want a cent. you prefer. Try the cigarets-smoke the full hundred if you wish. They are made of pure, clean, sweet tobacco, the finest and If you don't like them say so and your money will be instantly highest priced Russian and Turkish growths, blended scientifically returned. You need not trouble to return any of the cigarets. I by our own Russian blenders. The Russians are the only real will take my chances on your giving any you don't want to some artists at cigaret blending-don't forget that. one who will like them and who will order more. These cigarets are blended, made and aged as old wines are- I knew that American Connoisseurs would be quick to follow by men with traditions of quality to live up to—men who have Europeans in recognizing the absolute superiority in smoking spent their lives at it and who have generations of experience back quality of Russian Cigarets. of them. My sales last month were four times those of three months Every cigaret is made by hand, by an artist. Every one is ago and only one man would take his money back. inspected before packing. I pass personally on the smoking qual .f you wish to enjoy cigarets at their best without injury to ity of every lot of tobacco blended. We use the thinnest paper your health, to your own sense of refinement or to that of your ever put on a cigaret. friends, tear out my coupon now, and get acquainted with real Note this particularly—it's a big point. These cigarets will cigaret quality. THE MAKAROFF COMPANY OF AMERICA (G. NELSON DOUGLAS.) 95 MILK STREET, BOSTON, MASS. SUITE 81 Draw a circle around the price indicating your selection Find enclosed remittance for $ No6 SPECIA AKARE in favor of G. Nelson Douglas for which CZAREVITCH SIZE Three Values $2.00, $3.00, $4.00 per 100 please send me, prepaid, hundred i cigarettes of size and value indicated 355 hereon. Name CZAR SIZE Three Values $2.50, $4.00, $6.00 per 100 P. O. Above blends also made in ladies size. Prices on application When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Model K WINTON Tire-Saving TIRI TIRES are the costliest item in Motoring expense. Big Tires cost more than small Tires of sim- ilar grade, of course. But, big Tires cover more ground at every turn of the Crankshaft, and at every stroke of the piston. That means greater road speed, with the same amount of piston-wear, gasoline, electricity and lubrication. Big Tires also mean smoother-running, and less vibration. Because, a big Tire won't drop into ruts in the road, as a smaller tire must do. And, big Tires have less pressure on them per square inch of contact with the road. They also bridge over railway tracks, or humps better, take a broader tread on poor traction, and have a greater area of stretchy rubber to divide the bouncing over, on rough roads. When only two people are seated in a two-seated Car, the regular sprirgs are too stilt to respond readily to the vibrations caused by running over rough roads or 'thank-ye-mums.". In this case the Pneumatic Tires being "quicker" (more responsive than the over-stiff springs) take up the jar before the under-loaded springs have had time to act. And that, too, wears out the Tires by making them do spring-work, in addition to traction-work and the ob- struction-bridging, which should be their sole duty, if they would retain long-life. in one. Now, the Winton Twin-springs are really two sets With light loads, and smooth-running, only one set of the Twin single springs comes into play. This set is more supple, more responsive to slight jars, and ordinary vibrations, than even the Pneumatic Tires are. So, they take up two-thirds of the vibration and jar before the Tires are called upon to do it. In this way they anticipate Tire-work on the largest part of that springing which cracks, breaks, deflates and wears out Pneumatic Tires. And, when the Winton Model K Car is fully-loaded, or when it runs at high speed over rough roads even lightly-loaded, this is what happens- The leaves of the light primary set of springs then sag down and rest on the second or auxiliary set of leaves- which are shackled to the light primary set as a reserve source of strength. But, you knew all that before-perhaps. And, perhaps you wondered why more Cars were not equipped with big Tires. Well, here's the answer! Big Tires cost the Car Manufacturer a great deal more to equip each car with than smaller Tires. And, when a big Tire goes 'busted” on a Car it costs the Owner considerably more to replace it than a smaller Tire. And, Owners realize that the replacing of Tires is practically a sure thing to figure on about once a season with the average car. The conclusions are evident. Now, Mr. Motorist: The Winton Model K has the best reason in the world for using big Tires. That reason consists in the Winton patented Twin- springs, which have been lengthened and perfected after last year's period of use and success. These Winton Twin-springs take up half the work of the Tires, and so, make the said Tires last about twice as long as they would have lasted with any other kind of Springs. That constitutes our license to put on the New Win- ton Model K the finest set of big 34-inch Tires on any American car. Because, the Winton Twin-springs will take care of these costly Tires so they rarely need renewing. Consider the Result, Mr. Motorist. The two sets of springs (leaves) then work together, as one heavy set would; giving twice the strength when that is needed, and twice the responsiveness when the extra strength is not needed. This adjustment to light loads or heavy loads is automatic, and graduated as finely as the Winton Pneu- matic Speed-Control, which gives you any speed desired, between 4 miles an hour and 50 miles, merely by pres- sure of your right foot upon a soft spring pedal. Without the Tire-saving effect of the patented Win- ton Twin-springs, a superb set of Giant Tires like those on the Winton Mouel K might prove an expensive lux. ury on any Car not equipped with Twin-Springs. -Four Cyli der Vertical Motor. -Self-starting from the Seat. - New Compensating Carburetor. - New Precision "Shooting' Oiler. - Magnificent Carriage work-dashing Style, and superb upholstering. Price. $2,500, and only one Model made this season. Our book, "The Motor Car Dissected," tells the rea- sons. Write for a copy to- The Winton Motor Carriage Co., Dept. S, Cleveland. Ohio. Now how do they save the Tires? you ask. Well, Springs, you know, should be adjusted to the load they carry, in order to give effective service. When you load a set of ordinary Motor-Car springs with four heavy People, you over-load them. Then the springs compel the Pneumatic Tires to do part of the bouncing, over rough roads-bouncing that the springs should have taken care of themselves. When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE DILLON WALLACE Leonidas Hubbard's companion on that first tragic expedition into the Labrador wild, who has returned from a year of remarkable exploration and adventure in the unknown North for THE OUTING MAGAZINE "The Long Labrador Trail,” Mr. Wallace's story, begins in this number. Painting by J. G. Sommer. ar Pan Ser Pan in the Catskills THE MYSTERY OF THE FOREST Pa se 55 - THE OUTING MAGAZINE Vol. XLVIII Number 5 AUGUST, 1906 THE RENAISSANCE OF CONEY BY CHARLES BELMONT DAVIS ILLUSTRATED BY HY. S. WATSON F VAR down on the New York Bowery the proprietor to deceive, for his class of there exists to-day a highly colored patrons probably have never heard of Miss poster of a young woman in an ab Russell or the divinities of the French breviated skirt, a décolleté waist and a music halls; the poster is simply the em- plumed picture-hat. The poster is pasted blem, and the east-side tough and the sailor on a billboard and the board leans against ashore for a spree know it and know that the front of a dance hall. In the mornings within they can find wine, women and song, the place is quite deserted, but during the and all of the three in their most degraded late afternoon hours and again at night the forms. The day has not long passed when little tin tables which are scattered about the Bowery was fairly rich in such resorts, the room are fairly well occupied; there is but now they are gone, and so far as I know a rush of waiters in soiled coats between the all that is left is the dive of which I have bar in front and the groups about the ta spoken and which still hangs out its brazen bles, and a young woman sings ballads and banner on the sidewalk. comic songs from a little stage in the rear of When the traffic deserted its old haunts the hall. This young woman has a hard, the managers of the dance halls gathered rasping voice, but sufficient in volume, how up their paraphernalia and the greasy- ever, to reach the passers-by on the street. coated waiters and started a new Bowery Like the lady on the picture outside, she has far from the old stand-a land unknown a short skirt, but there the resemblance to the reformer and where law and justice ends, for the poster outside is usually of cut but a sorry figure. This chosen spot some well-known celebrity such as Lillian was called Coney Island, and they chris- Russell or a divinity of the French music tened that part of it which they chose to halls. There is no intention on the part of degrade the Bowery-probably in grate- Copyrighted, 1906, by the OUTING Publishing Company. All rights reserved. 514 The Outing Magazine of the swag. ful memory of the palmy days when they up a particularly bright electric light in its were allowed to ply their trade much nearer midst. It is highly improbable that the to City Hall, even in the shadow of the men who reformed Coney Island had this Tombs. They opened the doors of the idea in view when they threw their net- dance halls, and either side of the single work of millions of electric globes across street which constituted the town were this end of the Island, but the result was lined with the three-sheet posters of the the same. Any one who can rob or even gaily bedecked artists who were supposed practice the mildest deception under the to perform within. In addition to the present white light of publicity is deserving dance halls there were a few “shows” to which an admission was charged, but the There are several ways to reach Coney shows were “fakes” of the most pronounced Island, at least New Yorkers will tell you kind and their managers pre- there are, but the average New tended them to be little else. Yorker is for some reason whol- Two classes of people support- ly ignorant of the geography ed these shows and dance halls which immediately surrounds -innocent souls from the coun- him. In a general way he try who believed that they knows that there is a North were seeing city life in its most and an East River and a Bay devilish form, and thoroughly and a Sound, but their exact knowing men and girls from location is usually rather hazy the city who knew just how to his mind, and he differen- soiled “Coney” was and liked tiates them solely by the friends it for that very reason. It he happens to know who own became the meeting place of summer homes on their various the city's petty thieves, the banks. When I first sought touts from the neighboring race information as to the best mode tracks and the lowest social of reaching Coney Island I am strata of the Metropolis. Some- sure twenty different routes times little parties of sight- were presented, and each was seers of a better class dined guaranteed to be the safest and at Brighton Beach and drove best. They included trips by over afterwards for a look at excursion boats, ferry-boats “The Bowery." They went railroad trains, trolleys, ele- there prepared to buy gold vated trains, hacks, automo- bricks, and they were not dis- biles and combinations of a appointed. Coney Island in part or all of these. I believe I those days was synonymous tried every one of them, and for everything that was corrupt eventually found that the only and lawless-and then there logical route is to take an ele- came the reformation, for the vated train at the Brocklyn change seemed to have hap- 17.1.W Bridge; ask every guard's, pened over night. From a One of Coney's "children.” policeman's and official's advice social sore Coney Island was in sight, and then by taking turned into the most extensive and best the trains you are told not to take you show place in the world. I have no in will eventually arrive at Coney Island, terest, I regret to say, in any of the nu This route costs but a dime, and includes merous enterprises which constitute 'this a trip across the bridge and a wonderful amusement village, nor any particular de view of the chimneys and second-story sire to advertise any of its attractions, but bedrooms of all Brooklyn. The chimn- it is a pleasure to speak truly about a place neys are distinctive in the fact that each which can give so much happiness to chil one is decorated by a billboard painted dren of mature years. There is a theory to represent a huge human molar, and that crime must be conceived in darkness, in the center of each is the picture of and it is an old practice of the authorities to the painless dentist himself with a large clean up a vicious neighborhood by hanging black moustache. The Brooklyn second- The Renaissance of Coney 515 story bedrooms assert their similarity to taurants afford some kind of entertainment each other in that whatever the hour --if it is only a gentleman who bangs out the chambermaid seems to have always "rag-time" on a bad piano. Some of them neglected to make up the bed since the rise to the dignity of the employment of so- previous night, and each room contains called Hungarian bands, but these are all one occupant-a man sitting in his shirt wide open on the street, and all are free and sleeves, always collarless, and reading an most of them are decorated with signs which evening paper. The chimneys and bed announce that "basket-parties are wel- rooms extend for many miles, but at last come.” Some day there will be a good res- we get into the open and a land of semi-de taurant at Coney Island, but that day is not tached villas and arid acres, identified solely yet. Several of those now existent have red by large signs whereon real estate agents lamp shades and one has beardless waiters, tell us that on these very acres great cities but the old régime had a keen disregard for will soon arise. And then at last across the fresh tablecloths, and its feelings are still meadows we see the towers and the bizarre respected. The same old régime also left a shaped walls of the play-houses of the city few of its members, who have tried to give of pleasure. the old tone to the new town. This rem- We enter Coney Island by the stage door nant of the past has built its home on a as it were, and as the train slows down we little street just back of the main thorough- find ourselves surrounded by the unpainted fare and directly on the sea, and here one backs and wooden frame-work of the can finds a very mild and wholly uninteresting vas walls of tinsel villages. The first thing view of what was once typical of Coney Isl- that impresses us about this pleasure and. There are open dance halls and open ground is that it is un- like the other "Midways" and “Pikes" and county fairs we have seen in that it is a city and not the temporary show-place of the fakirs. The one street of which the town 104 practically consists is paved, and there are ca- LIMENTE ble cars and electric-light poles and policemen and all the other signs of the organized common- wealth. It is only in the architecture and the uses of the buildings that line the little street wherein we see the difference. Every house seems to be either a restaurant or a So-called amusement- palace. Here and there we find a modest little haberdasher or a trim- ming-store tucked away between the gaudy en- trance to a scenic-railway or a "Johnstown Flood," but these little shops ap- pear very insignificant and seem really sadly out HS-WATSON of place. Even the res- The main street in the City of Fun." ADMISSION 516 The Outing Magazine ! 1 ings. The year of 1904 will be memorable, if for nothing else than those two terrible disasters, the burning of the Iroquois Thea- ter and the excursion boat General Slocum. So great was the supposed revulsion of feel- ing on the part of the public after the first of these disasters that theatrical managers found it necessary to cut out any use of flames in a stage performance, and in sev- eral instances when a "fire-scene" was nec- essary to a production the whole play was abandoned. And yet, perhaps, the two most successful shows at Coney Island last summer were the exhibitions, really terrible in their realism, of burning buildings, which seems to show that the morbid love of the public for devastating flames is just as great as it ever was, only the public must be guaranteed absolute personal safety. In addition to these grewsome exhibitions of disasters there are many other indepen- dent shows of a lighter nature such as trips through imitation coal mines and canals and even the sewers of the great cities. But the foundation of Coney Island's success is not so much in these independent shows as in the three great so-called "Parks” which form the nucleus of the pleasure village. Each of the three is a Midway in itself, and the only difference between them is the very natural advantages which the last two have gleaned from the successes and failures Anything for a "sensation." of their predecessors. The same crowd variety performances, where a lot of wood visits all the three, and each has its own eny chorus girls and very dull comedians particular attractions and faithful admirers. attempt to lure the passer-by in for a glass On a fine day or still better on a fine night of beer. But the white light of the new these parks, which are incidentally built town shines fiercely down upon them and with solid floor foundations, and each cover- upon their poor entertainment, and must ing as much space as a “Midway” or “Pike,” eventually drive them as it did the other are crowded with a great surging mass of cheap and bad shows to another hunting men, women and children, and all with but ground. one purpose amusement. It would be as difficult, in a short article, That is where the showman of Coney to describe, even enumerate, all the shows Island has the advantage of the city theat- which line the main thoroughfares as it rical manager. When a man or more espe- would be to see the sights of a world's fair in cially a woman pays two dollars for an or- twenty-four hours. The best one can do is chestra seat he or she becomes the critic to wander along until he or she finds an elec and mentally demands the full worth of the tric sign which promises something to their money expended. The same public goes taste. Should the visitor have a delight to Coney Island, spends many times the for horrors there is a rare choice of histori- money it would at the theater, smiles con- cal mishaps such as the Johnstown or Gal- tinually and tries to see the best there is in veston floods, the Mount Pelee Eruption, everything. Coney Island is regarded as a The Fall of Pompeii, or several realistic ex lark, and it is treated with the same joyous hibitions of whole blocks of burning build- regard as is the annual visit to the circus. T ago att * S MATUONI The Renaissance of Coney 517 Old men and old women come with their turned around three or four times, usually children and grandchildren, and according reaches the bottom of the slide head-first. to their worldly goods dine at a restaurant At first glance this would seem to be an un- or bring their suppers in a basket and after- necessary mishap, and yet hundreds of men wards go to one show or fifty as the case and women slide down all day and night, may be, but they always go with the spirit to the delight of the gaping thousands. It of the holiday upon them, and it is this great is surely a strange pastime for the sane, but mixed mass of humanity and the good-will the spirit of joy is abroad and the sight of a that pervades it that more than all else serene-looking and elderly fat lady bump- make Coney Island what it is to-day. Justing her way down this wooden hillside and as the best scenery yet devised was ar ending with a couple of somersaults to fin- ranged by the Creator of this world, so its ish off with seems but a proper and legiti- best shows are those wherein the people are mate pastime after one has grown accus- the leading actors. It is not the long tomed to the true spirit of the place. And tailed thoroughbreds with their midget yet these elderly Jacks and Jills pay for the jockeys that make a Derby or a Grand pleasure of the bumps, while the crowd be- Prix or a Suburban, but it is rather the low watches the fun with shouts of glee and waves of human beings frenzied with the pays nothing. The fat lady would proba- love of gambling; it is not the broad road bly excuse herself by telling you that she ways nor the overhanging trees of the Bois was enjoying a new sensation, and in this that make the show, but the women in the perhaps is to be found not only truth but carriages and the clothes the women wear; the great secret which underlies the success the best part of a prize fight is not the sight of Coney Island's pastimes. There may be of two human brutes pounding each other cynically inclined worldlings who contend into insensibility on a resined floor, but that it is not possible to obtain a real sensa- rather the yelling, crazy mob tion for a dime. If such with its innate love of carnage there be I am sure that that the two brutes have turned one properly conducted into the principal actors. It is visit to Coney Island will the same at a stock exchange cure them of this idea. or at Monte Carlo or a court For many years our sim- ball—the people make the show. ple tastes were content All it requires is a little stage- with the merry-go- management, and this the pro- rounds still sacred to moters of pleasure at Coney county fairs and cheap Island well understand. watering resorts. The A clever person once devised a fire-escape for use in schools, which consisted of a huge metal tube containing a smooth spiral slide. It was only necessary to put a child at the top of the spiral slide, and it would even- tually come out at an open doorway at the bottom. From this has been evolved one of the delights of Coney Island. In place of the metal tube there is but a low wall to keep the people from shooting out into space as they slide down the spiral chute. There is even a later development of the same idea at Dreamland. Instead of the spiral chute there is a broad slide glass-like in its smoothness, with raised obstacles placed at intervals. The slidee starts at the top and endeavors to avoid the obstacles. As this is quite impossible, the said slidee, after being It takes a clever man to be a fool. WYS WATSON $18 The Outing Magazine sensation was distinctly mild even in the sensations, and for several days I searched case of children, and grown-ups were usu- for the scenic-railway with the beam that ally attacked with mal-de-mer. To offset looked as if it were going to hit me on the this mildness the showman eventually built head. At last I found it at an independent his merry-go-round with horses which enterprise a short distance from Dreamland. plunged about independent of the general It was called a musical railway for some rea- rotary movement of the whole concern. It son I could not understand unless the music is true that a child was sometimes thrown, was out being tuned. The name, however, but it was that little element of danger that may be just a whim of the manager, who made the game worth while. The same I know has a real sense of humor for at the mental reasoning is what makes automo entrance of the first tunnel to his infernal bile-racing and tiger-hunting amusing. railway there is a sign. The inscription is But we eventually outgrew merry-go simple-"No Kissing Allowed in this Tun- rounds—children tired of them and old peo nel.” The tunnel is built on the general ple could ride them without being ill—and plan of an artesian well and about as dark, so the scenic-railway was introduced. Sta and it seemed to me that the car dropped tistics would probably show that accidents down the grade at the rate of several hun- are about as rare on scenic-railroads as they dred feet a second. If an elevator contain- are on hearses, but the effect, exhilarating ing a man and woman, complete strangers, to most people, is quite equal to that of go were allowed to fall from the top floor of the ing in an automobile at the rate of fifty Flatiron Building to the cellar it would be miles an hour. It has one infinite advan- just as reasonable to accuse them of kissing tage over the automobile, for by going down during the fall as it would be to post such a a grade it can drop you into apparently lim notice in front of that tunnel on the Musical itless space. The same effect could prob- Railway. The real sensation of the beam, ably be obtained by an automobile being however, comes much later in the trip. It driven over the Palisades and dropping is at the end of a dark tunnel, and one sees it into the middle of the Hudson River. And just after rounding a particularly danger- yet it is this sensation of immediate disaster ous curve. There it is, barely discernible caused by scenic-railways, chute-the-chutes, through the darkened space—a great rough loop-the-loops, all variations of the one idea, beam, built right across the tunnel and just which takes most of the people to Coney low enough to knock our heads clear off our Island. After some experience I am per bodies. Of course we dodge instinctively sonally convinced that one can get a sensa and the beam passes over us many inches, tion for a dime. perhaps feet away, for all I know. But the A friend who had recently “done” Coney effect in the darkness and at the rate at Island said to me one day: “Easily the which the car is rushing is most deceptive. best sensation at the Island is the scenic- Many people speculate at one time or an- railway with the wooden beam that looks other just what they would do if face to face as if it were going to hit you on the head. with certain death. There is no longer any It's great." My friend was a somewhat reason why they should have any doubt on soured person and satiated with the world's the subject--the sensation can be obtained WYS WATSON Listening to the Barker's story. The Renaissance of Coney 519 اینها را اخر at my musical railway, and for the small sum of ten cents. But I think the thing that annoyed me most about that beam was the nonchalant manner with which the gentleman who drove the car approached it. He not only refused to dodge, but not for a moment did he cease chat- ting with the beautiful lady on the seat back of him, and who I suppose must have been a friend of his as she seemed to be on the free list. There is an authentic case of an English officer who, having very narrowly escaped death on several occasions from flying shrapnell feared that he was losing his nerve. To defi- nitely ascertain the truth in the matter he went up in a balloon and then descended to earth by means of a parachute. Then he was satisfied that he was all right. On somewhat the same principle I took five successive trips over that musical railway and four NYS S WAT'S ON." times I dodged the beam, but the Everywhere there are children. fifth time I found my nerve and sailed under it with head erect. Another case) like it, because it gives them a chance five rounds and I believe I could have ban to hug the girls; the girls (and every wom- died a few words with the charming lady an is a girl when there is a man in the case) who rode free. This statement is intended like it, because it gives them a chance to for those who visit Coney Island and tempt get hugged.” each sensation but once. If tickets are The same author a little further along bought for a sensation by the strip I hon in the guide drops his psychological studies estly believe any one can become callous to and does a little descriptive work in re- gard to the Mirrored Ball-Room: There are, of course, a great many ways "An enchanting evening sight is the to spend one's time at Coney Island, quite numerous handsomely gowned ladies ac- free from shocks. For instance there is the companied by gentlemen in full dress. gigantic Ferris wheel, ponderous in its With an attendance of nearly two million movement and most admirably suited for during the season of 1900, the services of a those sentimentally inclined, especially as police officer were not at any time re- the guards always seem to arrange that quired. each car shall hold but two passengers al- “There are four bands of music; but the though they are really built for twenty. music created by our patrons themselves, This, incidentally, has nothing whatever to by their spontaneous laughter, their sounds do with that other most excellent revolving of merriment and harmony of action dis- machine, “the Barrel of Love." The bar- played, excel by far in volume and tone ker here will tell you that “the ladies like the creation of any band." this show the best of all.” Here is the Here is one more morsel touching on reason for this statement given by the the engine-room of the same park: student of nature who wrote the official “The engines and dynamos are enam- guide: "The young men (and every man eled in white with gold mountings. A is young when there is a woman in the Vernis-Martin curio table holds the tools, any shock. 520 The Outing Magazine and a beautiful mosaic table, the oil cups. appears behind the oil painting, and con- The white-gloved engineer, uniformed in tinues to growl out a life and history of the white duck with brass buttons, has a times of St. Anthony. At such intervals Vienna desk for his special use. He is a as the audience seems to become a trifle college graduate, qualified to lecture upon peevish, the panel on which the siren is his plant as well as to operate it.” depicted is removed and another one in- Surely there is no "shock” or sensation serted. If the first lady was a blonde the here for the visitor so long as he does not painted lady of the second panel is sure to touch the dynamos and contents himself be a brunette, and equally ill-clad even for listening to the lectures of the "white a Jersey summer resort, but it makes no gloved engineer.” Indeed, for the young difference to St. Anthony at all for he is fiancée who demands no greater shock painted to look the other way, and the than a gentle pressure of her lover's hand merest layman who has paid his dime is much has been done at Coney Island. The really in more temptation than the good sewers with their dark tunnels and stealth Saint. Even the darkened room and the ily moving, self-propelling skiffs may be rumblings of the gentleman back of the highly recommended. Also a trip over picture fail to create much illusion, as the the glistening Alps or through the canals ladies were not painted by even a Bou- of dank Venice surely breathes sentiment gereau, and in the flesh would have con- to those whose nostrils are constantly siderable difficulty in securing places as inflated for that modest passion. And show-girls in a musical comedy. again, for those averse to the strenuous I must confess to a great admiration and life of the “shocks” and “thrills” there a feeling of personal esteem for a success- may be found in the various parks hang- ful barker—the gentleman who by his ing Japanese tea-gardens, where elderly antics and nimble wit tries to allure the Geisha girls abound; a modest represen- passer-by into the particulars how he hap- tation of the last Durbar; an array of pens to represent. The barkers at Coney infant incubators, and a fish-pond. For Island are of many kinds and have been those not satiated with a knowledge of gathered from very divergent callings. science and literature there is a good sam For instance, one gentleman in front of an ple of a flying-machine, a papier-maché alleged humorous show did nothing but try at the infernal regions with a running laugh. He happened to be a bad actor lecture on the life and deeds of Dante, from a bad variety show, but his laugh who we are told (the gentleman first was loud and infectious, and as he stood having collected our dimes) was “a born on the plaza laughing violently at the poet who once lived in sunny Italy.” mere thought of the entertainment within, The one entertainment, whose title per he was really not without his usefulness. haps appeals to those whose tastes lead There was also an animal actor who posed them to witness the danse du ventre, as in front of a menagerie and called the at- given on the Chicago Midway, is “The tention of the public to his show by emit- Temptation of St. Anthony." But as a ting very good imitations of the low growl matter of fact it is not at all like the Mid of the King of the Forest, as well as the way shows, nor in fact are any of Coney's fiendish screech of the hyena, but the entertainments at present in the slightest barker I liked much the best was one I need of Women's Leagues or Mothers' first discovered in front of “The Fall of Clubs. In the present instance when the Pompeii.” He was a smooth-faced, sad, snickering audience has been relieved of cadaverous-looking young man who seemed its dimes and gathered in a small room, a to regard the calling of which he was so curtain is withdrawn and a large oil paint excellent an example as a terrible bore. ing disclosed. On the right we note the It seemed to make but little difference good saint praying hard, and standing what show he happened to represent, and back of him and quite beyond his vision I doubt if he had ever seen any of them. is a lady draped in a garment modest only His methods varied greatly, but most of in its limitations. The gentleman who his effects were produced with a huge has sold us our admission tickets and who paper megaphone and a pointer such as later pulled back the curtain, then dis are used in school-rooms. He would wait The Renaissance of Coney 521 until a party had passed him, and would would hand me a big bill just to show then bring his pointer down with a re off I would give him short change. You sounding whack on the megaphone, and see the crowd back of him would push him cry aloud, “look, look.” The noise sound on, and he generally didn't set up his holler ed exactly like a rifle-shot and the passing till he was about twenty feet away. Then party would invariably start to run and he would run for a cop that was standin' eventually turn to find the sad-faced young just opposite my window and want to man pointing at the entrance to his show. have me arrested. But the cop he was a Sometimes he would run behind people partner of mine, just dressed up like, and and bark like a dog or growl like a carniv we divided the graft. Sometimes the orous animal, but having once thoroughly partner would only tell the rube to shut frightened his prey he always returned to up, and sometimes he would beat him in- complete silence and the same interested sensible just as occasion required." The pose. The second time I went to Coney barker gazed upward at the white lights Island I found that he had left “The Fall that blazed down upon him and his open of Pompeii" and was selling tickets from stand and the little bunch of tickets he a high stand in front of “The Canals of held in his hand. Venice.” He had, however, not com "It's a little too respectable for me down pletely lost the love of his old calling, and here, I guess," he sighed. “Four-thirty during an occasional lull in business would a day ain't enough for a good grafter- once more attract attention to himself and next summer it's me for the white tents the show by his unique methods. When and the red wagon; and where you can I inquired why he had left “Pompeii,” the change the money under an old kerosene erstwhile barker leaned over his stand and lamp." sighed deeply. As I said before, there are a great many “There's nothin' doin' over there, and I ways to see the Coney Island of to-day, but tried so hard to get 'em in I lost my voice. after many visits I have concluded that I talked' fifteen hours a day in front of that show and still they wouldn't come. So they gave me a chance over here sellin' hard tickets, but the boss won't let me work any short change games, and all the graft I get is the change the men leave when they're in a hurry.” "How about the change the women leave?” I inquired. The barker grew reflective and gazed for long across the park. “I can't remember a case now of a woman ever leavin' change." "And you have been in the business a long time?" “Twenty years,” he sighed. "The men left four-thirty to- day, but that isn't cigar money to me. Why, I had the ticket privilege every other day with a circus last summer. The ticket-wagon was supposed to open every night at seven, but I kept it closed 'til about seven-twenty. By that time there was a howlin' crush out- side, and as soon as a rube came along with a girl and Where dignity can be ignored. 87-8 WATSON 522 The Outing Magazine there are two vantage points better than nageries and the babel of loud voices of a all the rest, and neither requires an outlay great army of merrymakers. of very much energy or expense. One is The other point of vantage is from a from a seat on a bench facing the vaude seat on the back porch of a bathing pa- ville stage in the center of the great plaza vilion at the very end of the village. It at Dreamland. In front of you there are is a very dark, deserted little place at hundreds of people sitting at little round night, and in all respects most suited for tables watching the performance. From a clueless murder. On either side it is one end you can hear the laughter of the flanked by tenantless bath houses, and in brave people who are sliding down over front long, crescent-shaped tiny breakers the bumps and the thousands who are creep up the sand to one's very feet. On watching them, and from the other end a clear night one can look out on the swift come the shrieks of the merrymakers in moving yachts with their rows of electric the boats racing down the water chutes. lights, and the heavy sailing boats with And all about you there is a great surg their green and red signals, plowing their ing mass of men and women and little way to harbor. If you look to the right children. And all of them are laughing there is nothing but a deserted beach and and talking to their neighbor and guying endless black water and a darkened sky; each other, and all of them are equal. The but to the left one sees blazoned against millionaire with his wife and children has the blue sky a beautiful white city with run down on his private car, and the clerk high walls and towers and great wheels from the city who has come in a crowded revolving in the air and balls of scarlet steam boat with his best girl and the stout flame and minarets of many colors, and all party he hopes to have for a mother-in- glistening in the rays of a fierce light whiter law, and there are many young men who and clearer than the sun of noonday ever wander in little groups and are rich enough knew. This age of electricity and science to go from show to show, and there are has certainly done much to overthrow the crowds of girls from the city stores happy superstitions of our youth, but to the enough to get away for a breath of fresh air sailorman at sea or to any one who sits on and arm-in-arm to march up and down the my little bath house porch at night it broad walks of this white city of pleas would seem that this same age which has ure. And above it all there rise the shouts destroyed our illusions has created in its of the barkers and the confused music of place something which is as near Fairyland many bands of all nations mingled with as we ever dreamed of in our days of tops the growls of strange animals from the me and pinafores. *S.WATSON THE BUCCANEERS WHEN PIERRE LE GRAND SET THE PACE BY JOHN R. SPEARS PAINTING BY N. C. WYETH MONG the people off a headland around which Spanish war- who lived on the ships passed at frequent intervals. But if Island of Tortuga, Spanish warships frequently passed Cape off the northwest Tiburon, so did Spanish galleons, and what A coast of Santo was better, as Pierre le Grand and his com- Domingo, in the panions knew very well, the grand “flota,” middle of the sev or plate fleet that once a year put out from enteenth century, Spain and carried merchandise to Puerto was a man who Bello, on the Isthmus of Panama, would was known to his soon be due to pass the cape on its way neighbors as Pierre le Grand, a discon back to Spain. Not a ship of this fleet tented, adventurous soul. The life of a but would be well ballasted with precious planter was much too slow for him, and metals, pearls and emeralds. he determined to try bettering his for With high hopes these uncommissioned tunes by going to sea to cruise against privateers began their vigil on the sunlit the Spaniards. He had no ship nor any seas, but days passed without ever a sail money with which to fit one out for such coming to greet their eyes, until their food a cruise, but he had a sword and pistols, was almost gone, and what was worse, their and what was better than money, he supply of water was as scanty as their food. had the spirit of a born leader of men. Nevertheless they remained on watch until Going among his friends he talked about starvation had made them desperate, and the glory and profits of such an expe then the bellying sails and the high-built dition until he persuaded twenty-eight poops and forecastles of the long-delayed of them to join him. Then in some way "flota” came into view. not described in history this company As the eager watchers in the open boat secured an open boat large enough to hold gazed upon the growing fleet they saw that them all, together with food to last for a one of the larger ships was reaching slowly short cruise, and they rowed away, bound along at some distance from the others, and for the narrow waters that lie between a closer inspection showed them that this Jamaica and Cape Tiburon, on the Island ship carried the vice-admiral of the fleet. of Santo Domingo. It was therefore a ship that was second in It was a long voyage for a small boat, the power of its armament and the number but Pierre and his crew were skillful as of its crew in all the fleet-a frigate at sailors, and the weather was fair. In due least, with cannon on poop and forecastle time they arrived off Cape Tiburon and as well as on her main deck. What could there lay on their oars waiting for the wind twenty-nine men in an open boat do in to bring them a prize. combat with such a ship as that? In an- Few more dangerous cruising grounds swer to this question, if it was propounded for such a boat as this could have been among them, there was but one reply from reached by these adventurers, for they Pierre le Grand: they would try and see were within sight of the enemy's land, and what they could do. 523 524 The Outing Magazine Accordingly they continued lying idle at of their exploits. As a rule they began their oars until the sun went down and the their careers in the West Indies as white moonless night spread over the sea. While slaves, or, as they were called, apprentices. they waited they formed their plans, and Young men in England and other countries then, when night had fully come, they bent of Europe who heard of the sudden and to their oars and drove their boat toward great prosperity that some of their acquain- the great ship. As soon as she was found tances found in the New World, and who to be within reach, the surgeon of the daring were thereby made anxious to try their crew bored holes through the bottom of own fortunes in the golden regions, but their boat that it might sink alongside, lacked the money to go, very often sold leaving them no foothold but on the en themselves to serve literally as slaves to the emy's deck, and with their feet wet by the masters who could employ them in any incoming flood, these desperadoes took way in the longed-for country. Francis each a sword in one hand, a pistol in the Lolonois, Esquemeling, Sir Henry Morgan other, and silently climbed over the rail of and other well-known buccaneers were the enemy. originally indentured slaves in the West There their work was swift and sure. Indies. Cutting down every man that stood in A common practice was for the adven- their way, a part of the band made a dash turous youth to indenture himself to the to the gun-room, and secured it with its captain of a ship bound to some port in the arms and ammunition. The others, led by New World. On arriving there the cap- Pierre le Grand himself, rushed into the tain would sell the apprentice to any one cabin. The captain and some of his offi- wishing to buy. Some of the young men cers were found sitting at a table playing became planters, some house servants, but cards. A lookout had told the captain the work that demanded the greater num- during the afternoon that the boat seen in ber of apprentices in Tortuga and some of the distance was probably manned by the other islands of the region was that of pirates, but the captain had replied: "What killing wild cattle. The masters to whom then? Must I be afraid of such a pitiful these apprentices were sold were not living thing as that is?” in the West Indies for their health, if we But now as the desperadoes presented may use a modern expression. They were their pistols to his breast and demanded there to get rich, and they worked these that he surrender his ship, he cried: white slaves as they also worked their “Jesus bless us! Are these devils, or negroes. Esquemeling, who had himself what are they?" suffered from the tortures inflicted by a It was a question that many another cruel master, tells of one who, to punish a Spaniard asked in those days, and the an runaway slave that had been recaptured, swer to it has been growing in interest, had him tied up to a tree and whipped till apparently, from that time to this. As the his back was raw. The wounds were then captain learned after he had surrendered covered with lemon juice, salt and pepper, his ship, these desperadoes of the sea were after which the wretched slave was left a band of a fraternity known to history hanging to the tree until the next day, when as the Buccaneers. Although no date is the whipping was continued until he died. given in connection with this exploit, it is Another planter who is named was accused known that they were among the first to of having whipped more than a hundred gain fame and fortune by what John Paul slaves and servants to death, including Jones would have called “exceedingly des whites as well as negroes. perate fighting.” Carrying his prize to The life of an apprentice to the cattle Tortuga, Pierre le Grand turned his prison killers was more attractive to many of ers over to the authorities, divided the loot, these white slaves, however, than that on and then, as Esquemeling says in his narra the plantations, though hard enough at tive, “he set sail for France, where he con best. The cattle killers were the original tinued without ever returning to America cowboys of America Santo Domingo was again.” the favorite hunting ground. The island The story of the origin of the buccaneers had been well populated in the early part is, in its way, as interesting as that of some of the sixteenth century, but the wealth as the DEDNICE he Hai Bit e adve the 33 ter er s thats to a hur th, if we neve ed that ed the punish. aptuired pped sa Ele ther Depoel he JUUM hundred ncluding le cath hanya that c0 N.CWS ough 11 Original Ngo 2 Painting by N. C. Wyeth. The cattle killers were the original cowboys of America. rlu net The Buccaneers 525 of Mexico and Peru drew off all the more deadly accuracy. They learned also every enterprising of the population, and the kind of woodcraft and they learned to hunt plantations that had been established were men as well as animals. For when the in many cases abandoned altogether. The Spaniards came searching for them they cattle on these plantations were left to retaliated and did not often wait for the roam at will, and, finding the savannahs Spaniard to begin the hunting. In fact, if and forests habitable, they increased rap cattle were scarce in any part where the idly. In the meantime a demand for dried buccaneers landed for a hunt they would meat was found among the plantations of go to the nearest plantation and, unless it other islands, and especially in the towns. were well defended, rob it of its cattle. To meet this demand the wilder spirits of By natural process the buccaneers the regions began hunting the cattle and learned to stand together in time of dan- drying the flesh, which was called boucan. ger, and at all other times, so far as the As the makers of boucan they soon became Spaniards were concerned. Even where known as boucaniers, a title that has been race prejudices would have kept apart the changed in modern times to buccaneers. French and the English the common hatred In the beginning these meat hunters of the Spaniards bound them together. lived much as did the frontier hunters and There were Englishmen, Frenchmen and trappers of the United States. Building Dutchmen in every notable expedition of small thatched huts on the banks of streams the buccaneers, and in some of them the that were navigable for their canoes, they Yankees of New England had a part, wandered around the woods killing the though there is but little said of them in cattle, drying the meat and preparing the the records because they were then counted skins for market. One needed all the as Englishmen. qualities of a Daniel Boone and the Wet Living a woods or savage life, the buc- zels combined to succeed in this business. caneers showed traits that in some particu- The cattle were as dangerous as any wild lars made them appear below the ordinary animals that roamed the American forests. red man of America. In their love of a The puma and the still more dangerous gaudy color, for instance, they were in the tigre were as numerous as deer in the more habit of making their shirts red by dipping northern forests. The most venomous them in the blood of the animals killed. serpents of the world thronged the region, Human life was held cheap. Men were and vicious alligators were ever ready, it killed through pure love of slaughter. appears, to make a meal of any unfortunate Worse yet, many of the buccaneers were woodsman who came within reach. The ferocious and cruel to a degree unsurpassed dread which these men had for the alligator by any savages in the world. Inspired by was greater than that inspired by any other race prejudice as well as by their innate danger. Dampier says that when an Irish- cruelty, the buccaneers found pleasure in man of his party, while wading in a swamp, torturing a Spaniard. And in their ordi- was seized by an alligator and began to nary pleasures they were as wild as they call for help, the others of the party fled in were in their work. stead of going to his aid. It was a fear On the other hand, they had many ad- some danger that would make a buccaneer mirable characteristics. Their courage was desert a comrade. But when we read in superb. In their ability to live the wild the account by Esquemeling that alligators life of the forest, and to endure hardships, seventy feet long and twelve feet broad they were unsurpassed. Their skill with were seen, the statement may be called an weapons and in the handling of ships was exaggeration, though no doubt some alli- perhaps unequaled. Some, indeed, were gators did seem as large as that in the eyes able to build a ship, navigate her around of the buccaneers. the world, and handle her in any kind of And in addition to the dangers of the fight known to the day. They could also wild was the ever-lurking Spanish coast make their own weapons. Some were men guard, eager to catch a wandering boucan of education and could write, so that their maker and carry him off to the torture. work has not been ignored or forgotten. The buccaneers in their cattle hunting “As they had no domestic ties, neither learned first of all to aim their guns with wife nor child nor sister nor brother, the 526 The Outing Magazine want of family relations was supplied by a diet of meat-pork and beef, as a general strict comradeship, one partner attending thing—with a little flour or corn meal and to household duties,” while the other fol a few peas, and they washed down this lowed the chase. When one died the simple fare, whenever possible, with quan- partner inherited his property, which was tities of rum-punch large enough, one might held in common. Their grand principle suppose, to ruin utterly every hope of con- was fidelity, and “the maxim of honor tinued health. Says Dampier, in describ- among thieves was never more scrupulously ing the visit of a New England trader to observed than among them.” the camp of some logwood cutters on the But the fraternity of feeling among the Campeche coast: boucan makers did not prevent them from "Mr. Hooker, being drank to by Captain owning slaves. It was a common practice Rawlins, who pledged Captain Hudswell, for them to buy the apprentices that were and having the bowl in his hands, said he brought out from the old country to be was under an oath to drink but three sold for periods of from three to seven draughts of strong liquor in one day, and years, and the apprentices under the best putting the bowl to his head, turned it off circumstances were worked like very at one draught, and so making himself slaves. For not only were they obliged to drunk, disappointed our expectations till help in the work of hunting and dressing we made another bowl. I think it might the cattle, but they were also obliged to contain six quarts.” carry the product of the chase to camp, and The rum-punch of the day was a con- when vessels were lying off the coast, to coction of pure rum flavored with the gather the dried meat and skins for market juices of limes, pineapples, oranges and and transport the stuff from the camp to bananas, with a little sugar added; it was the ship. uncontaminated with water. Another guild from which the ranks of No citizen of the Americas ever lived a the buccaneers were recruited was that of more strenuous life than the boucan makers the logwood cutters. Logwood sold in and logwood cutters from whom the buc- those days for fifteen pounds sterling per caneers were recruited, but it was a life that ton, and the trees grew in abundance in the palled on the most industrious at times. moist ground along many of the streams Inspired in part by the migrating instinct, of the Spanish main, and on some of the and if the truth be told, by a love of good islands, especially in the Campeche region. fighting, these men of the forest laid aside William Dampier, one of the most noted their axes, saws and wedges, and cleaned of the buccaneers, because he took notes of their guns; molded a plentiful supply of his adventures and finally published them, bullets; sharpened the swords with which was one of the logwood cutters. they commonly hewed their way through The logwood cutters lived like cattle the tropical thickets; put an edge, too, hunters—in huts built on the banks of upon such knives as they ordinarily used streams that were navigable for canoes. in dressing cattle, and then, grinning and In fact, some of them were logwood cutters chuckling in anticipation of sport to come, one day and boucan makers the next. The went hunting Spaniards. As already in- logwood cutters hunted to supply them timated, these hunting parties included at selves with food, if for no other purpose. first the near-by isolated plantations where Apparently, the loggers had harder work hogs and cattle were to be found in greater to do than the hunters; it was a task that numbers than in the forests. Of course, tried the endurance of the strongest to fell the houses were looted as well as the ranges, trees in that climate, particularly in the and in these houses they found, now and swamps where the logwood grew. That then, silver pieces-of-eight (eight realles, the buccaneers did work and thrive in those equal to one dollar) and gold onzas or swamps is an undisputed fact worth con doubloons. Now and then they found sideration among those who suppose that jewelry and silks and laces which, though the tropical forest is by nature unhealthy, of no use to men who wore shirts made red or that it is impossible for white men to with the blood of animals, were yet highly labor in the swamps found in the torrid prized by the young women who lived in zone. The buccaneers subsisted chiefly on the West India ports that were frequently The Buccaneers 527 - favored by the presence of these woodsmen. borrow for the payment of my debts as They bestowed their loot upon the young much money as I could from the Spaniards. women with a lavish hand, and thus gained Now this sort of borrowings have this ad- reputations as “sporting" men that have vantage attending them, that there is no never since been surpassed, and probably obligation of repayment, they being es- never equaled, unless, indeed, Jean Lafitte teemed the product of a just war, and seeing and his comrades of Barataria may have the place of action is beyond the line, there stood as high. is no talk there of making any restitution." Most writers who have made a special The need of money was his incentive; study of the buccaneers lay much stress a “just war” was his excuse. And the upon the Spanish exclusiveness in commer- necessity for an excuse became apparent cial matters, and especially upon their re only after he had returned to Paris and fusal to permit other nations to trade in was writing an account of his adventures their West India colonies, as the cause of for publication. the buccaneer raids. But other nations There were exceptions to those who were were exclusive also. The Dutch, for in- simply looking for a fortune. Mansvelt, stance, cut down pepper trees in islands in a dim way most dim — had an idea that they could not occupy, in order to pre of an American republic, while Montbar serve their monopoly of that popular prod- and Lolonois were animated by a love of uct, and yet no buccaneers raided the slaughter now incomprehensible. But the Dutch. The truth is that Spanish exclu- exceptions were few in number. The many siveness was the excuse for, instead of the thought first of the joys of a spree in Port cause of, the buccaneer raids; the cause Royal, Jamaica, and went raiding to get being found chiefly in the eager love of a the means for it. wild life that prevailed among the woods As already noted the West Indies of that men of the West Indies. There were, in time might well be called the frontier of deed, noted exceptions. Pierre le Grand, Europe, and they were peopled by men when he had made a fortune, went home who had crossed the sea in search of fortune to France to enjoy it. Morgan, with the -men who were so eager for fortune that proceeds of his raid on Panama, became a they were willing to begin life as slaves to knight of the British realm and governor most cruel masters. In their experience of Jamaica. Dampier tells how ill luck first as slaves, and then as meat hunters drove him into the ranks of the buccaneers, and logwood cutters, they learned the arts and the Sieur Ravenau de Lussan, in telling of woods life, which included the arts of why he joined them, says: alongshore navigation. And out of the “I had borrowed money in the meantime, privations and hardships of the woods life and thought it the part of an honest man grew a lust for the pleasures of which they to repay it. My parents would have been were deprived that was not to be controlled. very willing, perhaps, to have paid my Among these men of wolfish instincts- debts, but they could hear nothing from wolfish in more ways than one, if you know me nor I from them. I bethought the wolf - came the story of Pierre le myself of making one of the freebooters' Grand, with results that were literally the gang, to go a voyage with them, and to wonder of the world. . SO THE BUILDERS VI.—WHERE RANCH AND CITY MEET BY RALPH D. PAINE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR N OWHERE can old and new Amer was one item in a recent “Boosters' Club" ican conditions be found, side by campaign in Spokane, and it is mentioned side, in more picturesquely im here to illustrate the spirit which is com- pressive contrast than in that sunny corner mon to these coast cities. of the Pacific coast which is dominated Los Angeles is unique because it has be- by the spirit of Los Angeles. The city come a city of two hundred thousand souls itself is display of almost cyclonic enter with a cheerful disregard of "the laws of prise, prosperity, and expansion which have growth which are presumed to have a hand safely weathered the perilous enthusiasms in upbuilding important commercial and of the "boomer" and the “booster." distributing centers. Its back country is A foreign observer seeking the typical still undeveloped, its shipping is in its in- American spirit working at high pressure fancy, and its manufactures are as yet a could do no better than to sit and “watch minor factor. Three things have made it Los Angeles grow.” This sounds a trifle the prodigy among American cities-cli- like a real estate advertisement, but it is mate, trolley lines, advertising. At first meant only as a passing tribute to a city glimpse, this does not look like a stable which has outstripped every other Amer- foundation, yet Los Angeles continues to ican city through the last decade, in the grow and to turn the laugh on the prophets rate of its increase in building operations, who have wailed that such expansion was property values, and population. top-heavy by the very nature of things. Our observer would not have to dig out Now this city of massive hotels and the facts and figures. They would be business blocks and beautiful homes, with hurled at him by every other son of this an interurban electric railway system which magical city, and with an air of pride which makes eastern enterprise seem crude and makes your thorough-going western man primitive, has risen from a half-Mexican distinctive. He boils over with loyalty pueblo of ten thousand people in less than and belief in the ultimate destiny of his a generation. Figures are bald and un- particular town from his boot-heels up, and romantic, but let us deal with a few and whether it be Spokane or Portland or Los have done with them. Los Angeles has Angeles, he feels that his individual fortune more automobiles and telephones per head is vitally bound up in the future of his than any other American city; it led them community. all in increase of postal receipts last year; Can you imagine a committee of citizens its assessed values are nearing the two of an eastern town setting in operation a hundred million dollar mark, and it has plan whereby all the boys and girls in the begun work on a water supply system which public schools pledge themselves that when will cost twenty-one million dollars, and ever they write a letter to friends or rela which will convey the mountain streams tives “back East,” they will include men of the Sierras a distance of more than two tion of the charms of climate, and the hundred miles. allurements of material prosperity to be So much by way of showing that the era found in their community and state? This of frenzied speculation is past, and with it 528 A Mexican sheep-herder of Santa Anita Ranch, A pastoral corner of the ancient ranch. The Builders 531 the days of the real estate auction circuses outskirts. Within five years it is likely with brass bands and side shows, which ran that this ranch will be dotted with the red- amuck some twenty years ago. It is true roofed cottages of the eastern pilgrim, and that to-day the real estate market strikes checkered with “boulevards” and “ave- a conservative easterner as fairly acro- nues.” batic. You cannot heave a brick anywhere It is still a feudal community unto itself, within twenty miles of the city that will this princely realm of sixty thousand acres. not light on an attractive speculation in But it must go because these sixty thousand town lots. The electric roads, four hun acres are worth ten million dollars as city dred miles of them radiating from Los and suburban "real estate," a very pretty Angeles, and five hundred miles more rise in values since “Lucky” Baldwin building along this corner of the coast, are picked up these Spanish grants for a song bringing the whole country-side within as farming land some forty years ago. touch of the city, and as a direct result there For more than a century these lands have are such rapid increases in values as make been cultivated in a glorious sweep of one's head swim until he becomes acclima- vineyards, and orange and olive orchards, ted. On these roads, which are built and rich sheep and cattle pastures, and horse ballasted like steam lines, trains of electric ranches, their life and customs handed cars whizz and whirr at speeds of thirty and down from the Spanish owners of the forty miles an hour, thereby sweeping all various rancheros which were swept into the land within fifteen miles of Los Angeles, one estate by the pioneer, "Lucky" Bald- for example, into the market for suburban win. property. The very names of the tracts which were This tide of excessively up-to-date Amers grouped under the name of Santa Anita ican expansion has swept before it the old ranch sound mellow and reminiscent to life and atmosphere of the surviving Span- the ear: La Puenta, Portrero de Felipe ish and Mexican settlements. The prosaic Logo, Portrero Grande, La Merced, San Saxon first curtailed the beautiful name of Francisquito, Da Cienega, and Portrero his town, Pueblo de la Reina de los Angeles Chice, all in the heart of the beautiful San (Town of the Queen of the Angels), and Gabriel Valley. later obliterated the native himself. There With these ranches came one of the old- is a straggling Mexican quarter of the est vineyards and wineries of Southern modern Los Angeles, and in the outskirts California, founded by the Spanish padres you may find the 'dobe house and the mud from the San Gabriel Mission. And the hovel thatched with straw where dwell the low, white-walled adobe home in which descendants of the race which won this the aged "Lucky" Baldwin lives to-day, wondrous territory for the red and yellow was built as a fort and outpost by these banner of Castile. These are no same Spanish friars when these lands were than melancholy and unimportant relics being wrested from the wilderness. The of a vastly romantic and picturesque era links which lead from the modern Los An- which has passed away within the memory geles back to the Spanish era are therefore of living men. unbroken. There still survives an opportunity, how The Santa Anita ranch, through which ever, to find, in its last days, a magnificent darts the electric car filled with tourists survival of the life and background and from the East, was tenanted when the tall conditions which immediately preceded the galleons were bringing from Spain the amazing modernity of Los Angeles and of priests and soldiers to govern this new land the lamented San Francisco. One of the of theirs; when the little pueblo of Los last of the ancient and lordly estates of Angeles was gay with caballeros who bade Southern California lies at the very edge farewell to black-eyed girls before they set of Los Angeles, the Santa Anita ranch of out for the unknown North; when, at “Lucky” Baldwin. Its doom is so immi length, the Sante Fé trail crept overland nent that the process of destruction has even to reach the Pacific shore and brought the begun. The electric road has gashed a vanguard of the hardy American invasion path through its groves and orchards, and which as to sweep over the Spanish speak- the real estate speculator is nibbling at its ing race like a landslide. more "Lucky" Baldwin driving over his estate. The tourist and homeseeker, the real outside world, and the people of the estate estate agent and the manufacturer, the were as comfortable and possibly as happy trolley and the electric light denote the as they are to-day. march of civilization, but something most The lord of this ranch can drive eighteen attractive and in a way very precious will miles in a straight line across his own acres. vanish when Los Angeles absorbs into its In such a tour he will pass his own general feverish activity this fine old Santa Anita merchandise store, maintained for the con- ranch. venience of his own people, the school sup- Even in these, its last days, it seems to ported for their children, the blacksmith stand remote and aloof with a certain shop, the church and the postoffice, all be- strength of dignity and independence. It longing to the equipment of the estate. He does not belong with that complex and in will pass through his vast orange and fig terwoven civilization in which a man must and olive orchards, his walnut groves and depend upon other men to produce all that his vineyards where the Mission grape is he eats and wears and uses. It is op- gathered from the gnarled vines planted by posed to all that makes the life and com the padres. There are also one hundred merce of a city. acres of lemons, one hundred acres of grape- Such an estate, if put to it, could to fruit, two thousand acres of vegetables, and day maintain its population of perhaps a twenty thousand acres of corn, hay and thousand men, women and children with small grains. His thirty thousand sheep out commerce with the world beyond. graze on the brown hillsides, and he could Cut the railroads, and Los Angeles must clothe his people with their wool, if he face starvation in three or four days. It wished. His wheat ranch could feed them, consumes and devours with titanic appe his three thousand head of cattle could tite, but it does not produce. provide beef and leather. In other fields Out at Santa Anita, however, its busy are five hundred work mules and five community could be clothed and fed in hundred draught and carriage horses. comfort and even luxury, without help These sixty thousand acres are divided from a railroad. Even during “Lucky” into several ranches, each in charge of a Baldwin's proprietorship, the twelve-mule superintendent who in turn reports to a freight teams, with jingling bells on the general manager who is responsible to the collars, trailed to an from Los Angeles, It is a paternal, feudal system, as the only link of communication with the highly specialized by means of the Amer- owner. 532 The Builders 533 ican talent for systematic administration unfurled the Stars and Stripes in Los and organization. Angeles in 1846. While the stout adobe Toiling in the flooding sunshine of these walls of the home on Santa Anita ranch smiling fields and slopes are Japanese and preserve the legends of a century and more Mexicans and negroes and Chinese and ago, the aged man who dwells therein is a Americans, almost a thousand of them, relic and a reminder of an era even more scattered over many miles of country. vivid and picturesque. "Lucky” Baldwin, Tucked away in the corners of little valleys belongs with the flamboyant days of the under the spreading oaks, you will find the Forty-niners, with the age when life on the villages of this motley population. In the Pacific coast was a melodrama of great Mexican colony of thatched and flimsy fortunes won and flung away with lavish huts, little brown children run about with hand and high heart, the era of the argo- no more clothing than would dust a gun nauts, the builders, and the gamblers with barrel. In sheep-shearing time, the popu- life and gold. lation is enlivened by the coming of the In 1853, or more than a half century ago, band of half-breeds and Indians and a little party of gold-seekers with a mea- “Greasers,” who make festival with the ger outfit of horses and wagons, started residents when the work is done. Wander for California from the village of Racine, ing about one of the odd corners of the Wisconsin. In command of this adven- ranch, watching the quiet and ancient turous expedition was a young man who habit of tilling and garnering the abundant took with him his wife and infant daughter. fruits of the earth and the pasture, the His name was E. J. Baldwin and he made Twentieth Century bustle of Los Angeles a wise choice in shaking from his rest- becomes a thing remote and incongruous. less feet the dust of a tamer civilization. While this estate mirrors so largely the He needed a larger theater of action for life of the Spanish grants of the early his pent-up and surging activities. While settlement of the Pacific coast, its latest trailing through the mountains of Utah owner in himself supplies a chapter which the pioneers were attacked by Indians, covers the last half century almost, from who were beaten off during a six-hour fight the time when Fremont, the Pathfinder, in which young Baldwin killed their chief. The home of "Lucky" Baldwin, the walls of which were a Spanish fort. Thoroughbreds in their pasture by the Sierra Madre Mountains. Ready for the early morning gallops. 536 The Outing Magazine After six months of hardship, the party scribed with the words “The Home of reached Hangtown (later called Placer Grimsted.” The grave and park are tend- ville) in California. ed with scrupulous care, and betoken a Here Baldwin tarried and began placer strain of sentiment in this rough-and- mining. He appears to have been no more tumble hero of a hundred bizarre adven- than an ordinary red-shirted argonaut, tures and hazards, “Lucky” Baldwin. meeting the ups and downs of mining luck, More than once it has been reported that until the discovery of the Comstock Lode this westerner's fortune had been swept at Virginia City. Thither he drifted, and away in speculation, or plunging on the discovered that his natural bent was turf, or in extravagant whimsicalities, yet gambling with the mines that other men through it all he clung to his beloved Santa had opened. Amid a whirlwind of specu Anita. The ranch was heavily mortgaged lation, he fought his way with such success to help him weather one heavy storm, yet that he loomed from the smoke in a few the value of this land has risen with such months as “Lucky” Baldwin, the man amazing swiftness because of its nearness who had cleaned up seven and a half to Los Angeles, that in the end he has a million dollars in the gigantic deals in the splendid fortune in the estate, which can stock of the Ophir mines. be sold for more than fifteen hundred dollars San Francisco was the Mecca of those an acre, as fast as he is willing to let it be lucky sons of fortune who were rearing a chopped up by the city broker. great city by the Golden Gate. As a stock In his old age “Lucky” Baldwin retired and mining speculator, "Lucky" Baldwin to his ranch, there to spend the little time shone resplendent, but he was also a loyal of his life that might be left for him. son of San Francisco. He built hotels and When I met him there last year, he was theaters and business blocks, even while still alert in mind, and vigorous of frame, he was amazing that far from conserva a wiry, sharp-visaged little man past his tive community by madly freakish extrava eightieth year, who had endured enough of gances. reckless living and bruising shocks of for- In a very lucid interval he bought all the tune to kill ordinary men in their prime. Spanish grants he could find near Los Three mornings each week he arose at day- Angeles, and there spent a million in mak- light and drove to his racing stables to see ing this ranch of his not only a splendidly his string of thoroughbreds in their morn- productive property, but also one of the ing gallops around a half-mile track. They most beautiful estates ever laid out in this were being prepared for their campaigns or any other country. It was his hobby, on far-away tracks, but he would never his pet, and he planted miles of avenues more see them break and wheel in the start, with noble shade trees, and made wonder and thunder past the finish post. His ful tropical gardens, so that to-day his home sight was fast failing, but he knew and is surrounded by a paradise of vernal loved his horses, as they filed by him, one beauty. by one. “Lucky” Baldwin became interested in Thus after as stormy and colorful a the turf while he was in the heyday of his career as befell any of these bold jugglers wealth, health and headlong vigor. He with titanic fortune in the days of gold, he made Santa Anita ranch famous as a home found a placid refuge on this noble ranch, of winning thoroughbreds, and his racing the creation of which had been the work of colors flashed on every noted track. The his youth. With all his faults, and they racing stable is still a part of the ranch, and have been many and notorious, he was one in the lush pastures wander costly bands of of the Builders of that Empire of the colts and brood mares, while in the stables Pacific; and when San Francisco was over- are such sires and famous winners of his whelmed by earthquake and fire, the de- toric events as Emperor of Norfolk, and struction included no small share of Rey el Santa Anita, and Cruzadas. The “Lucky” Baldwin's creative effort in the mighty sire, Grimsted, who produced more upbuilding of that noble city. stake-winners than any other horse in This ranch of his is a monument also to America, is buried in a park-like enclosure, his constructive genius. Its successful over the gateway of which is an arch in operation has been a task demanding un- Along an avenue of stately poplars planted by ''Lucky" Baldwin. Japanese gathering grapes in a vineyard planted by the Spanish fathers. The Builders 539 usual talent and ability, and these qualities my foolishness in slinging fortunes around. of his have preserved it intact with its im There's a set of harness out there in the posing array of belated industries and ac stable that cost me eight thousand dollars, tivities in an age in whose social economy and I've had a run for my money, but I it can find no place. Just as he is a relic helped make San Francisco a stronger, of another age in the expansion of this bigger city, and that counts for something. nation, so his ranch harks farther back into And I've made a beautiful spot of this a more remote era and affords a vanishing ranch, and I've held it together, and I don't glimpse of the life which was before the expect to live to see it cut up entirely. Stars and Stripes were flown over this vast It's my home, and it means a damn sight territory to the west of the Rockies, and more to me because I made it, sixty thou- south of the area first explored and claimed sand acres, and every acre working for me. by the Hudson Bay Company's pioneers His mood veered and his faded eye who invaded the Pacific Slope from the twinkled as he observed : north. "Jim Jeffries was down here to see me Not far from Santa Anita ranch is the the other day, and he told me he made old Mission of San Gabriel, whose life was twenty thousand dollars in a fight. I told co-existent with that of these Spanish him that I won five million dollars in one grants and ranchers. The gray bell-tower, fight when I was in my prime, and that I the massive adobe walls, and the quiet guessed it paid better than pugilism while gardens where once walked the black-robed it lasted.” padres, and where their Indian converts “Lucky” Baldwin, a type of the days of toiled, have been preserved to lend a little the young and riotous California, is too old touch of old-world atmosphere to the land to meet and conquer the new conditions scape of to-day. They will be kept as which have shoved his ranch and himself memorials, but the broad fields and or far into the background of progress. As chards, the pastures and the groves of Los Angeles pictures the expanding Amer- Santa Anita are being submerged in the icanism of this century, so H. E. Hunting- roaring tide of American progress in ma ton, the man who has led in its promotion, terial wealth and faith in the future. is a type of the American builder of to-day; "Lucky” Baldwin sat on the wide and as he has driven his electric roads porch of his adobe mansion, whose walls through the heart of Santa Anita ranch, so were a Spanish fort a hundred and fifty he is everywhere in his part of the country years ago. On every side stretched the infusing old conditions with the new spirit smiling fertility of his principality, watered of progress. by gushing streams fiom artesian wells,' a There has been nothing of the bizarre or water system as extensive as that of many spectacular about his programme of expan- cities. In the background marched the sion. A trained railway man, schooled brown ramparts of the Sierra Madre Moun by his uncle, C. P. Huntington, he has tains, and even on those heights one could swung his energy away from the steam discern a ribbon-like trail cut for the sight road, to become the foremost promoter of seeing tourist. The old man indulged in the electric trolley as a means of developing no poetic reverie over the passing of the and exploiting natural resources. He has old order of things. His mind dwelt on made all the towns of Southern California what he had done toward making the near neighbors of Los Angeles, and this Luilding of California and San Francisco. task has been accomplished in less than ten Thus in his last days this battered survivor years. First came the purchase of existing of the blazing days of gilded toil and folly lines, then consolidation and reorganiza- by the Golden Gate wished to be remem tion, and after that rebuilding and new bered for what he had done for the land he construction, until within the city limits of loved, and in this he showed the spirit of Los Angeles alone there are two hundred your true Californian. miles of trolley tracks. Now you can whirl “If you will look in Bancroft's Chronicles out into the country over standard gauge, of the Builders,'” he said, “you will find all double-track lines operated by automatic you want to know about me. Don't take signal systems, at express speed. any stock in all the stories you hear about The real estate “boom” of Los Angeles -- - In the Mexican quarter of Santa Anita Ranch. - The Builders 541 ease cannot be fairly weighed without a knowl and flies into the country in almost any edge of this wonderful transportation de direction, to seashore, mountain, tropical velopment. H. E. Huntington has made city and resort, covering a hundred miles fortunes for others, while at the same time of landscape in a day, while the Pacific he has reaped great wealth for himself. breezes blow through him, and he speeds He had bought up great tracts of unim over a dustless roadbed. He can visit one proved land within a few miles of Los or more of fifty attractive places every day Angeles, and then put an electric road and return to the city for dinner. through the tree property thus acquired. When time hangs heavy on his hands he Of course the coming of the railroad has can find abundant entertainment in trying increased the realty values by hundreds to figure out the why and wherefore of Los per cent. and Mr. Huntington, having Angeles, and he must come back in the bought on a certainty, has not suffered by final issue to the three factors of climate, this method of operation. trolleys and advertising. As cosmopolitan At the same time it should be remem a city as there is in America, made up of bered, even though it be the fashion to pilgrims from every state of East and sling bricks at the railway magnate on West, these two hundred thousand men, general principles as an oppressor and a women and children are fused in the smelt- robber, that for every million H. E. Hunt- ing pot of local pride and enthusiasm until ington has reaped from his transactions, they are sure in their hearts that there is the community has benefited tenfold in no place on God's green footstool worthy increased property valuations and to be compared with Los Angeles, and that of communication. even though its present prosperity is fairly It is a magical sort of an operation, this staggering, its future holds possibilities development of the Los Angeles country. even more awe-inspiring. It is, in a way, A small rancher is struggling to make both like an air-plant, taking its sustenance from ends meet, away off in what appears to be the climate and not from the soil, and an isolated corner of the landscape. He there is no danger of bankrupting this chief lives perhaps several miles from his nearest asset. neighbor, and it is an all-day haul to get to The commercial bodies of this lusty the nearest market. Along come the sur young metropolis have spent three hundred veyors, and then the construction gangs, and fifty thousand dollars within ten years and presto! the electric road has linked in directly advertising its attractions. this ranch with Los Angeles by no more They have reaped big dividends, and to- than half or three quarters of an hour in day their city is the best-known pleasure time. The little poverty-stricken ranch ‘and health resort in the world. San Fran- has become suburban property overnight, cisco had a large share of this common and our son of the soil is in affluence and western spirit, and neither fire nor earth- thinks “The Arabian Nights” tame read- quake can cripple it. The city which will ing. The chances are even that he blos rise on the ruins of the old San Francisco soms out as a real estate agent and invades will be more like Los Angeles, essentially Los Angeles with a bundle of blue-print modern in every way, and proud of its maps under his arm. modernity. The storied days of the Forty- As a result of this prodigious railway niner have been obliterated in San Fran- development, the fifty thousand visitors cisco, the memories of the argonauts have who frequent Los Angeles most of the time been destroyed, but their spirit lives and no sooner land in the city than they plan shines. to get out of it. The hotels are built like Los Angeles is sweeping away the last business blocks, essentially metropolitan traces of the old era, and faces the fu- of aspect. This disappoints the stranger ture, not the past. We may sigh for the who expects to find palm trees and gardens passing of Santa Anita ranch, but where under his hotel window. He soon dis- thirty thousand sheep and cattle graze, covers, however, that the hotel is for eating as many Americans will be dwelling in and sleeping, nothing more. He streams their own homes witnin the life of this with the multitude into the big street cars, generation. THE TOY-SHOP BY EDWINA STANTON BABCOCK ILLUSTRATED BY ERNEST HASKELL I" T is built on a magnificent plan; a veri mystery and admiration of all who behold table palace with colonnade, court and it. People are constantly testing its capac- hall. Vast aisles stretch through it, ities; constantly asking what is meant by crossing and recrossing one another and the movements of certain lamps which stir opening into rotunda, theater and balcony. in slow circles around its opaque bounds, The display windows are broad and roomy, and conjecturing as to the electrical system there is plenty of space between depart which controls these golden lamps amid a ments-indeed, so much room to turn myriad triangular sparkles of illumination. around in that all the world and his wife Against the background of this wonder- might come shopping for toys and the Toy ful ceiling the fire-toys, rockets, wheels shop would not be crowded. and colored lights are shown. Here also Besides possessing these peculiarities the are suspended on differing gases aerial Toy-shop stands for certain architectural mechanical toys. Mammoth balloons hang feats that are triumphant in having been in the center of the dome. Spectral the marvel and awe of art and science for cities of ever-changing contours loom up generations. Not only is its general plan softly, and huge animals, woolly white and of erection unique and developed in an ab airily cumbrous, are blown into shape and solutely original way; not only does it com floated, till, looking up into the great hol- bine the most daring engineering with the low of the dome, one may see representa- broadest principles of building mechanics, tions of Jerusalem and Babylon in their but it is superior to other important struc palmy days, Moses in a shower of fragments tures in an efflorescence, an embellishment of manna, or a whole Noah's Ark of masto- of portico, and peristyle, where, through dons turning out to graze. the connected design of symbol and talis There are people in the world so busy, so man, runs a subtle suggestion of hidden tied and bound down by work and respon- meanings, meanings which may not be too sibility that they never get time to go to easily deciphered, or too hastily explained. the Toy-shop; there are some few, who, if It is in the ceiling of the Toy-shop that they have dropped in for a moment have its individual characteristics are best ex found so much going on, so great a con- ploited. How that wonderful dome with fusion of playthings, that it dazzled and the transcendant properties of light and bewildered them, and they returned to acoustics was ever gotten into place and their affairs unsatisfied. For these and all held plumb by invisible supports is the others who have had little or no opportu- 542 The Toy-Shop 543 nity to cratify their curi- osity the following notice is written. Perhaps, after reading it, some one will remember that he knew the Toy-shop when he was very young indeed, and will start out directly to see if he can find it again: . . "The Toy-shop is on the road to wherever you are going. You can't miss it. It is always open. It is always free. All you have to do is to look for the toy you want. If you don't see it, ask the Dame.” . . . The Dame is the one who takes care of the Toy-shop. She has done so as far back as any one can remember, and there are few who have not been struck by her curious ways and the ex- treme eccentricity of her dress and deportment. Old as the hills, mother to the mountains and grand- mother of the oceans, she is still imbued with all the virginities and delicate fires of never-dying youth. She is as firm as a rock in some of her characteristics, and as wavering as a moon- beam in others. Some people know her only as relentless and stern, others see in her naught but the pranks and wiles of a gay young witch on a holiday. All sorts of stories are told of her, chiefest of these be- ing the accounts of her life as nurse and mother, and the wonders of her healing and restoring to life. Hundreds who have slept on her knees, and been fed and caressed by her testify to these quali- ties, and even those whom she has sorely punished go crying back to her for balm and herbs of forget- fulness or for a new toy like the broken one they weep over. The Dame is scrupu- lously careful of her trust. No light in the Shop goes out but she relights it, no fragile toy is broken but she replaces it, and throughout the establish- ment her patience and watchfulness make new and restore where aught has been carelessly handled or defaced. Of course, in a Toy-shop as complete as this it is necessary to show all the latest inventions, the last insane challenge in flying machines, the newest dar- ing in speedy engines, and one would naturally look for these more elaborate and expensive articles in the conspicuous places. Here, however, the Dame shows a very great wisdom of method. Hers is the experience that has learned that the simplest amuse- ments are forever the best loved, and though she oc- casionally sets going some glittering geyser of a water-toy or puts off one of the louder explosives, or inflates a herd of woolly beasts and starts them fighting and bellowing overhead; she is niggardly with all such contrivances, knowing that they gener- ally create a great disorder with little pleasure or profit for anybody. She prefers, rather, to keep to the front all the smaller and safer a musements, those articles which by their appearance suggest their uses, and which are easily duplicated. Hence, on the first counter we find samples of white pebbles of enticing weight and The faces in the clouds. shape, and good for a variety of ammuni displayed are fitted out with jumping frogs, tions, sports and contests. Next-should polliwogs, and other clever mechanical toys. one pine to play the venerable game of They are also furnished with the strange “Grocery Store"—is a vast collection of scums and jellies which make such ponds stones that may be pounded into powders irresistible to the average small boy. In of varying hue, resembling sugar and cinna one department are tall stands full of fasci- mon and other delectable sweets and spices. nating little balls colored green and brown Next to that is a show case full of assort and hanging by strings. From other tall ments of shells of differing colors and pat stands depend delightful green pods that terns-such a stock as never runs out-and explode "Pop!” like fairy torpedoes if you near by a sign reading “This way to white touch them ever so delicately. And the sand and all kinds of material for mud-pies," tallest stands of all bear russet missiles directs to a universally beloved plaything. ready for the slings of adventurous Davids against imaginary Goliaths. Here are dozens of pretty little brooks For girls who love to play “house” here colored green, brown and tawny yellow. are strange toys called “hollyhocks,” These are carefully packed away between which to the initiated furnish countless layers of soft grass which prevents their pats of butter and cottage cheeses besides leaking. Small circular ponds attractively supplying gay silken petticoats for fashion- - 544 The Toy-Shop 545 able flower doils. Here are also acorn cups of goods is lost or shifted. But in spite of and saucers for dainty tables. Here are occasional interior disarrangement the Toy- mushroom tents lighted with fire-flies for shop-good old happy institution-is al- the evening performance of the cricket ways open for one to poke around in, steal- orchestra. Here are milkweed pods, this- ing into this and that alcove, wandering tle-down and pine-needles for pompons through the departments, choosing out and other millinery, not to mention the some coveted thing to take away. scarlet dogwood berries that may be strung Do you see that group of little girls com- like corals into necklaces and bracelets for ing slowly up the garden path? Their lips the wee Lady of the House. are stained with blackberries, they are gin- Scattered in different departments of the gerly carrying baskets made of burdock Shop are certain toys of a symbolic char burrs. They are wearing crowns and acter. Dutchman's Breeches, Jack-in-the- sashes made of broad leaves pinned to- Pulpit, yellow Lion's Mouth and Lady- gether with bits of twig. They are coming slipper suggest things human; they hint from the Toy-shop. Did you meet the also at some mysterious social fabric of the white-haired gentleman whose fine eyes woods, where perhaps little Indian pipes glowed as he showed you the single cardinal are smoked, little flower martyrs are gob- flower flaming against his withered hand? bled up for their little principles, and little He had been to the Toy-shop. You re- green clergymen preach soberly all the member passing that young fellow who was summer, and then with the maturity of the walking out with his sweetheart. The autumn turn to scarlet clowns grimacing young fellow wore a four-leaf clover in his among the dead fern. button-hole, the girl held a bunch of fringed Should one long for artificial curls, the gentians. They were followed at a dis- Toy-shop supplies numberless dandelion tance by a band of hooting, frolicking stalks to be pushed into ringlets with the urchins who bore birchen wands, and tip of one's delicately embittered tongue. carried stores of slippery elm and sassafras There are also shavings should one desire root inside their small shirts, cherishing hirsute adornment of a greater luxuriance meanwhile an old rusty can with a frog's and profusion. In a certain corner are egg in it. What does all this mean? Bar- innocent looking green leaves that, dipped gain Day at the Toy-shop! in the alchemy of any brook, turn to glitter- ing silver under the wave, but emerge again ADVERTISEMENT perfectly dry green leaves, which proves them to be trick toys and sure to entertain. Will the restless people with their hun- Near these is the Notion Counter with its dred different ways of running the world assortment of four-leaf clovers, chrysalids, and of being tired of it, please drop every- scarlet and purple beans; okras supplied thing some day and run away to the Toy- with the little gray bullets so terrible in shop? The Toy-shop endeavors to please Indian skirmishes, and a whole galaxy of all ages. You may find exactly what you pods, popples and puff-balls—who shall are looking for. At least you are certain describe them! It is impossible to ascer to find a hollow stick through which you tain the exact number and variety of wares may blow a bright stream of water. You the old Dame displays. Equally impossi may run across some hazel nuts or a round ble to guess why some of them are in musty, “lucky stone" to slip in your pocket, or a unfrequented parts of the Toy-shop, others little orphan brook that needs a guardian, in the nearest nook to which all may pene or an old tree that would like to adopt a trate. It is also impossible to play in one grandchild. Go gently up to the Dame, lifetime with all the toys, to handle and see look in her eyes and tell her what you want. them all. Sometimes certain of the de "I have no money," you will probably say partments are closed; sometimes the stock dolefully, but she will smile and answer with runs low; sometimes a whole consignment tenderness, “You may have it for love." BAR 20 RANGE YARNS VI.-HOLDING THE CLAIM BY CLARENCE EDWARD MULFORD PAINTING BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER were H, we're that gang pectors to secure work under the foreman from th' O-Bar of the Bar 20, and the two outfits were 0," hummed Waf- going to the Hills as soon as the round-up fles, sinking the was over. Each outfit tried to outdo the O branding-iron in other and each individual strove for a prize. the flank of a calf. The man who cut out and dragged to the The scene was one fire the most calves in three days could leave of great activity at the expiration of that time, the rest to and hilarity. Sev follow as soon as they could. eral fires In this contest Hopalong Cassidy led his burning near the huge corral and in them nearest rival, Red Connors, both of whom half a dozen irons were getting hot. Three were Bar 20 men, by twenty cut-outs, calves were being held down for the brand and there remained but half an hour more of the “Bar 20” and two more were being in which to compete. As Red disappeared dragged up on their sides by the ropes of into the sea of tossing horns Hopalong the cowboys, the proud cow-ponies showing dashed out with a whoop, dragging calf off their accomplishments at the expense at the end of his rope. of the calves' feelings. In the corral the "Hi, yu trellis-built rack of bones, come dust arose in steady clouds as calf after calf along there! Whoop!” he yelled, turning was "cut out" by the ropers and dragged the prisoner over to the squad by the fire. out to get "tagged.” Angry cows fought “Chalk up this here insignificant wart of valiantly for their terrorized offspring, but cross-eyed perversity: an' how many?” he always to no avail, for the hated rope of called as he galloped back to the corral. some perspiring and dust-grimed rider sent “One ninety-eight," announced Buck, them crashing to earth. Over the plain blowing the sand from the tally sheet. were herds of cattle and groups of madly “That's shore goin' some,” he remarked to riding cowboys, and two cook wagons were himself. stalled a short distance from the corral. When the calf sprang up it was filled with The round-up of the Bar 20 was taking terror, rage and pain, and charged at Billy place. from the rear as that pessimistic soul was The outfit of this ranch was composed leaning over and poking his finger at a of eight cowboys, one of whom, Buck Pe somber horned-toad. "Wow!" he yelled ters, was foreman. All were well known as his feet took huge steps up in the air, throughout the cattle country as a prize each one strictly on its own course. winning aggregation at any game. Having "Woof!” he grunted in the hot sand as he been short of help, they had paid a visit to arose on his hands and knees and spat Muddy Wells and cleaned up at poker the alkali. outfit of the “O-Bar-0,” which had just "What's s'matter?” he asked dazedly started for the Black Hills in response to a of Johnny Nelson. “Ain't it funny!” he rumor of fresh gold discoveries. This loss yelled sarcastically as he beheld Johnny of capital had forced the would-be pros- holding his sides with laughter. “Ain't it 546 Bar 20 Range Yarns 547 funny!” he repeated belligerently. "Of rope; they ties up my pants; they puts course that four-laigged, knock-kneed, wob water in my boots an' toads in my bunk- blin' son-of-a-Piute had to cut me out. ain't they never goin' to get sane?” They wasn't nobody in sight but Billy! "Oh, they're only kids—they can't help Why didn't yu say he was comin'? Think it,” offered Buck. “Didn't they hobble I can see four ways to onct? Why didn't-" my cayuse when I was on him an' near At this point Red cantered up with a calf bust my neck?" and, by a quick maneuver, drew the taut Hopalong interrupted the conversation rope against the rear of Billy's knees, caus by bringing up another calf, and Buck, ing that unfortunate to sit down heavily. glancing at his watch, declared the contest As he arose choking with broken-winded at an end. profanity Red dragged the animal to the “Yu wins," he remarked to the new- fire, and Billy forgot his grievances in the comer. “An' now yu get scarce or Billy press of labor. will shore straddle yore nerves. He said “How many, Buck?" asked Red. as how he was goin' to get square on yu “One-eighty.” to-night.” “How does she stand?" "I didn't, neither, Hoppy!" earnestly "Yore eighteen to th' bad,” replied the contradicted Billy, who had visions of a foreman. night spent in torment as a reprisal for such "Th' son-of-a-gun!" marveled Red, rid a threat. "Honest I didn't, did I, Johnny?" ing off. he asked appealingly. Another whoop interrupted them, and “Yu shore did,” lied Johnny, winking at Billy quit watching out of the corner eye Red, who had just ridden up. for pugnacious calves as he prepared for “I don't know what yore talkin' about, Hopalong. but yu shore did,” replied Red. “Hey, Buck, this here cuss was with "If yu did," grinned Hopalong, "I'll a Barred-Horseshoe cow," he announced shore make yu hard to find. Come on, as he turned it over to the branding man. fellows,” he said; “grub's ready. Where's Buck made a tally in a separate column Frenchy?" and released the animal. “Hullo, Red! “Over chewin' th' rag with Waffles about Workin'?" asked Hopalong of his rival. his hat-he's lost it again,” answered Red. “Some, yu little cuss, answered Red “He needs a guardian fer that bonnet. Th' with all the good nature in the world. Kid an' Salvation has jammed it in th' Hopalong was his particular "side partner, corral fence an' Waffles has to stand fer it.” and he could lose to him with the best of “Let's put it in th’ grub wagon an' see feelings. him cuss cookie," suggested Hopalong. “Yu looks so nice an' cool an' clean, I "Shore," indorsed Johnny; "Cookie 'll didn't know,” responded Hopalong, eyeing feed him bum grub for a week to get a streak of sweat and dust which ran from square." Red's eyes to his chin and then on down Hopalong and Johnny ambled over to his neck. the corral and after some trouble located “What yu been doin'? Plowin' with the missing sombrero, which they carried yore nose?'' returned Red, smiling blandly to the grub wagon and hid in the flour at his friend's appearance. barrel. Then they went over by the ex- "Yah!” snorted Hopalong, wheeling to cited owner and dropped a few remarks ward the corral. “Come on, yu pie-eatin' about how strange the cook was acting and dodle-bug; I'll beat yu to the gate!" how he was watching Frenchy. The two ponies sent showers of sand all Frenchy jumped at the bait and tore over Billy, who eyed them in pugnacious over to the wagon, where he and the cook disgust. “Of all th' locoed imps that ever spent some time in mutual recrimination. made life miserable fer a man, them's th' Hopalong nosed around and finally dug up worst! Is there any piece of fool nonsense the hat, white as new-fallen snow. they hain't harnessed me with?” he be "Here's a hat-found it in th' dough seeched of Buck. “Is there anything they barrel,” he announced, handing it over to hain't done to me? They hides my liquor; Frenchy, who received it in open-mouthed they stuffs th' sweat band of my hat with stupefaction. 548 The Outing Magazine "Yu pie-makin' pirate! Yu didn't know horse. Then, as he realized that he could where my lid was, did yu! Yu cross-eyed get a pack mule to carry the surplus, he lump of hypocrisy!” yelled Frenchy, dust became aware of a strange presence near ing off the flour with one full-armed swing at hand and looked up into the muzzle of a on the cook's face, driving it into that un Sharp's rifle. He grasped the situation in fortunate's nose and eyes and mouth. “Yu a flash and calmly blew several heavy smoke white-washed Chink, yu-rub yore face rings around the frowning barrel. with water an' yu've got pancakes." "Well?" he asked slowly. "Hey! What yu doin'!” yelled the “Nice day, stranger," replied the man cook, kicking the spot where he had last with the rifle, “but don't yu reckon yu've seen Frenchy. “Don't yu know better'n made a mistake?” that!” Hopalong glanced at the number burned “Yu live close to yoreself or I'll throw on a near-by stake and blew another smoke yu so high th' sun'll duck," replied Frenchy, ring. He was waiting for the gun to waver. a smile illuminating his face. “No, I reckons not,” he answered. "Hey, cookie," remarked Hopalong con "Why?" fidentially, "I know who put up this joke "Well, I'll jest tell yu since yu asks. on yu. Yu ask Billy who hid th’hat," This yere claim's mine an' I'm a reg'lar suggested the tease. “Here he comes now terror, I am. That's why; an' seein' as it -see how queer he looks.” is, yu better amble some.” "Th’mournful Piute,” ejaculated the Hopalong glanced down the street and cook. “I'll shore make him wish he'd kept saw an interested group watching him, on his own trail. I'll flavor his slush which only added to his rage for being in (coffee) with year-old dish-rags!" such a position. Then he started to say At this juncture Billy ambled up, keep- something, faltered and stared with horror ing his weather eye peeled for trouble. at a point several feet behind his oppo- "Who's a dish-rag?" he queried. The nent. The "terror” sprang to one side in cook mumbled something about crazy hens response to Hopalong's expression, as if not knowing when to quit cackling and fearing that a snake or some such danger climbed up in his wagon. And that night threatened him. As he alighted in his new Billy swore off drinking coffee. position he fell forward and Hopalong slid When the dawn of the next day broke, a smoking Colt in its holster. *Hopalong was riding toward the Black Several men left the distant group and Hills, leaving Billy to untie himself as best ran toward the claim. Hopalong reached he might his arm inside the door and brought forth The trip was uneventful and several days his Sharp's rifle, with which he covered later he entered Red Dog, a rambling their advance. shanty town, one of those western mush "Anything yu want?" he shouted sav- rooms that sprang up in a night. He took agely. up his stand at the Miner’s Rest, and finally The men stopped and two of them started secured six claims at the cost of nine hun to sidle in front of two others, but Hopa- dred hard-earned dollars, a fund subscribed long was not there for the purpose of per- by the outfits, as it was to be a partnership mitting a move that would screen any gun affair. play and he stopped the game with a warn- He rode out to a staked-off piece of hill- ing shout. Then the two held up their side and surveyed his purchase, which con hands and advanced. sisted of a patch of ground, six holes, six “We wants to git Dan,” called out one of piles of dirt and a log hut. The holes them, nodding at the prostrate figure. showed that the claims had been tried and "Come ahead," replied Hopalong, sub- found wanting stituting a Colt for the rifle. He dumped his pack of tools and pro They carried their badly wounded and visions, which he had bought on the way insensible burden back to those whom they up, and lugged them into the cabin. After had left, and several curses were hurled at satisfying his curiosity he went outside and the cowboy, who only smiled grimly and sat down for a smoke, figuring up in his entered the hut to place things ready for mind how much gold he could carry on a a siege, should one come. He had one Bar 20 Range Yarns 549 hundred rounds of ammunition and pro th' rest. Better come down an' have some- visions enough for two weeks, with the thing,” in vited the miner. assurance of reinforcements long before “I'd shore like to, but I can't let no gang that time would expire. He cut several get in that door,” replied the puncher. rough loopholes and laid out his weapons “Oh, that's all right; I'll call my pardner for quick handling. He knew that he down to keep house till yu gits back. He could stop any advance during the day and can hold her all right. Hey, Jake!” he planned only for night attacks. How long called to a man who was some hundred he could do without sleep did not bother paces distant; "come down here an' keep him, because he gave it no thought, as house till we gits back, will yu?” he was accustomed to short naps and The man lumbered down to them and could awaken at will or at the slightest took possession as Hopalong and his newly sound. found friend started for the town. As dusk merged into dark he crept forth They entered the “Miner's Rest” and and collected sev ral handfuls of dry twigs, Hopalong fixed the room in his mind with which he scattered around the hut, as the one swift glance. Three men — and they cracking of these would warn him of an looked like the crowd he had stopped the approach. Then he went in and went to day before — were playing poker at a table sleep. near the window. Hopalong leaned with He awoke at daylight after a good night's his back to the bar and talked, with the rest, and feasted on canned beans and players always in sight. peaches. Then he tossed the cans out of Soon the door opened and a bewhiskered, the door and shoved his hat out. Receiv- heavy-set man tramped in and, walking up ing no response he walked out and sur to Hopalong, looked him over. veyed the town at his feet. A sheepish “Huh,” he sneered, “yu are th' gent with grin spread over his face as he realized that th' festive guns that plugged Dan, ain't there was no danger. Several red-shirted yu?” men passed by him on their way to town, Hopalong looked him in the eyes and and one, a grizzled veteran of many gold quietly replied: “An' who th’h-l are camps, stopped and sauntered up to him. yu?” "Mornin'," said Hopalong. The stranger's eyes blazed and his face “Mornin',” replied the stranger. “I wrinkled with rage as he aggressively thought I'd drop in an' say that I saw that shoved his jaw close to Hopalong's face. gun-play of yourn yesterday. Yu ain't “Yu runt, I'm a better man than yu got no reason to look fer a rush. This even if yu do wear hair pants,” referring camp is half white men an' half bullies, an to Hopalong's chaps. “Yu cow-wrastlers th' white men won't stand fer no play like make me tired, an' I'm goin' to show yu that. Them fellers that jest passed are that this town is too good for you. Yu neighbors of yourn, an' they won't lay abed can say it right now that yu are a ornery, if yu needs them. But yu wants to look game-leg- out fer th' joints in th' town. Guess this Hopalong, blind with rage, smashed his business is out of yore line," he finished as insulter squarely between the eyes with he sized Hopalong up. all the power of his sinewy body behind "She shore is, but I'm here to stay. Got the blow, knocking him in a heap under tired of punchin' an' reckoned I'd git rich.” the table. Then he quickly glanced at the Here he smiled and glanced at the hole. card players and saw a hostile movement. “How're yu makin' out?” he asked. His gun was out in a flash and he covered "'Bout five dollars a day apiece, but that the trio as he walked up to them. Never ain't nothin' when grub's so high. Got in all his life had he felt such a desire to reckless th' other day an' had a egg at fifty kill. His eyes were diamond points of cents.” accumulated fury, and those whom he Hopalong whistled and glanced at the faced quailed before him. empty cans at his feet. “Any marshal in “Yu scum of th' earth! Draw, please, this burg?" draw! Pull yore guns an' gimme my "Yep. But he's one of th’ gang. No chance! Three to one, an'l'll lay my good, an' drunk half th' time an’ half drunk guns here,” he said, placing them on the 550 The Outing Magazine bar and removing his hands. “Nearer hand across his fast-closing eyes. Cursing My God to Thee' is purty appropriate streaks of profanity, he staggered to the fer yu just now! Yu seem to be a-scared door and landed in a heap in the street from of yore own guns. Git down on yore the force of Hopalong's kick. Struggling dirty knees an’ say good an' loud that to his feet, he ran unsteadily down the yu eats dirt! Shout out that yu are too block and disappeared around a corner. currish to live with decent men,” he said, The bartender, cool and unperturbed, even-toned and distinct, his voice vibrant pushed out three glasses on his treat: "I've with passion as he took up his Colts. “Get seen yu afore, up in Cheyenne---'member? down!" he repeated, shoving the weapons How's yore friend Red?” he asked as he forward and pulling back the hammers. filled the glasses with the best the house The trio glanced at each other, and all afforded. three dropped to their knees and repeated "Well, shore 'nuff! Glad to see yu, in venomous hatred the words Hopalong Jimmy! What yu doin' away off here?” said for them. asked Hopalong, beginning to feel at home. “Now git! An' if I sees yu when I "Oh, jest filterin' round like. I'm aw- leaves I'll send yu after yore friend. I'll ful glad to see yu-this yere wart of a town shoot on sight now. Git!" He escorted needs siftin' out. It was only last week I them to the door and kicked the last one was wishin' one of yore bunch 'ud show up out. —that ornament yu jest buffaloed shore His miner friend still leaned against the raised th’ devil in here, an' I wished I had bar and looked his approval. somebody to prospect his anatomy for a “Well done, youngster! But yu wants lead mine. But he's got a tough gang cir- to look out-that man,” pointing to the culating with him. Ever hear of Dutch now groping victim of Hopalong's blow, Shannon or Blinky Neary? They's with “is th' marshal of this town. He or his pals him." will get yu if yu don't watch th'corners.” "Dutch Shannon? Nope," he replied. Hopalong walked over to the marshal, “Bad eggs, an' not a-carin' how they gits jerked him to his feet and slammed him square. Th'feller yu salted yesterday was against the bar. Then he tore the cheap a bosom friend of th' marshal's, an' he badge from its place and threw it on the passed in his chips last night." floor. Reaching down, he drew the mar "So?" shal's revolver from its holster and shoved “Yep. Bought a bottle of ready-made it in its owner's hand. nerve an’ went to his own funeral. Aris- “Yore th' marshal of this place an’ it's totle Smith was lookin' fer him up in Chey- too good for me, but yore goin' to pick up enne last year. Aristotle said he'd give that tin lie," pointing at the badge, “an' a century fer five minutes' palaver with yore goin' to do it right now. Then yore him, but he shied th' town an' didn't come goin' to get kicked out of that door, an’ if back. Yu know Aristotle, don't yu? He's yu stops runnin' while I can see yu I'll fill th' geezer that made fame up to Poison yu so full of holes yu'll catch cold. Yore Knob three years ago. He used to go to a sumptious marshal, yu are! Yore th’ town ridin' astride a log on th’lumber snortingest ki-yi that ever stuck its tail flume. Made four miles in six minutes atween its laigs, yu are. Yu pop-eyed with th' promise of a ruction when he wall flower, yu wants to peep to yore stopped. Once when he was loaded he self or some papoose 'll slide yu over th’ tried to ride back th' same way he came, an' Divide so fast yu won't have time to grease th' first thing he knowed he was three miles yore pants. Pick up that license-tag an' farther from his supper an'a-slippin' down let me see yu perculate so lively that yore that valley like he wanted to go somewhere. back 'll look like a ten-cent piece in five He swum out at Potter's Dam an’ it took seconds. Flit!" him a day to walk back. But he didn't The marshal, dazed and bewildered, make that play again, because he was fre- stooped and fumbled for the badge. Then quently sober, an’ when he wasn't he'd only he stood up and glanced at the gun in his stand off an' swear at th' slide. hand and at the eager man before him. He “That's Aristotle, all hunk. He's th' slid the weapon in his belt and drew his chap that used to play checkers with Dea- Bar 20 Range Yarns 551 con Rawlins. They used empty an' smiled. “What'd he say?” he asked loaded shells for men, an’ when they got a genially. king they'd lay one on its side. Sometimes “Oh, he jest shot off his mouth a little. they'd jar th' board an' they'd all be kings They's all no good. I've collided with an' then they'd have a cussin' match," lots of them all over this country. They replied Hopalong, once more restored to can't face a good man an' keep their nerve. good humor. What 'd yu say to th' marshal?" "Why,” responded Jimmy, "he counted “I told him what he was an' threw him his wealth over twice by mistake an’ shore outen th' street,” replied Hopalong. “In raised a howl when he went to blow it about two weeks we'll have a new marshal thought he'd been robbed, an' laid behind an’ he'll shore be a dandy." th' houses fer a week lookin' fer th’ feller “Yes? Why don't yu take th' job yore- that done it.” self? We're with yu.” “I've heard of that cuss-he shore was “Better man comin'. Ever hear of Buck th’limit. What become of him?" asked Peters or Red Connors of th' Bar 20, the miner. Texas?" “He ambled up to Laramie an’ stuck “Buck Peters? Seems to me I have. his head in th' window of that joint by th’ Did he punch fer th' Tin-Cup up in Mon- plaza an' hollered “Fire,' an' they did. He tana, 'bout twenty years back?" was shore a good feller, all th’ same,” “Shore! Him and Frenchy McAllister answered the bartender. punched all over that country an' they Hopalong laughed and started for the used to paint Cheyenne, too,” replied Hop- door. Turning around he looked at his along, eagerly. miner friend and asked: “Comin' along? "I knows him, then. I used to know I'm goin' back now.” Frenchy, too. Are they comin' up here?" "Nope. Reckon I'll hit th' tiger a whirl. "Yes," responded Hopalong, struggling l'll stop in when I passes.” with another can while waiting for the fire “All right. So long,” replied Hopalong, to catch up. “Better have some grub slipping out of the door and watching for with me don't like to eat alone,” in vited trouble. There was no opposition shown the cowboy, the reaction of his late rage him, and he arrived at his claim to find swinging him to the other extreme. Jake in a heated argument with another When their tobacco had got well started at the close of the meal and content had “Here he comes now," he said as Hopa- taken possession of them Hopalong laughed long walked up. “Tell him what yu said quietly and finally spoke: to me.” “Did yu ever know Aristotle Smith when “I said yu made a mistake,” said the yu was up in Montana?" other, turning to the cowboy in a half “Did ! Well, me an' Aristotle pros- apologetic manner. pected all through that country till he got “An' what else?” insisted Jake. so locoed I had to watch him fer fear he'd "Why, ain't that all?" asked the claim blow us both up. He greased th' fryin' pan jumper's friend in feigned surprise, wish- with dynamite one night, an’ we shore had ing that he had kept quiet. to eat jerked meat an' canned stuff all th’ "Well, I reckons it is if yu can't back up rest of that trip. What made yu ask? Is yore words," responded Jake in open con he comin' up too?” tempt. “No, I reckons not. Jimmy, th’ bar- Hopalong grabbed the intruder by the tender, said that he cashed in up at Lara- collar of his shirt and hauled him off the mie. Wasn't he th' cuss that built that claim. "Yu keep off this, understand? I boat out there on th' Arizona desert be- just kicked yore marshal out in th’ street, cause he was scared that a flood might an’ I'll pay yu th’next call. If yu rambles come? Th’ sun shore warped that punt in range of my guns yu'll shore get in th' till it wasn't even good for a hencoop." way of a slug. Yu an' yore gang wants to "Nope. That was Sister-Annie Tomp- browse on th' far side of th' range or yu'll kins. He was purty near as bad as Aris- miss a sunrise some mornin'. Scoot!" totle, though. He roped a puma up on th' Hopalong turned to his companion and Sacramentos, an' didn't punch no more fer of the gang 552 The Outing Magazine three weeks. Well, here comes my pard “An’mine's Hopalong Cassidy," was the ner an' I reckons l’ll amble right along. If reply. “I've heard Buck speak of yu.” yu needs any referee or a side pardner in “Has yu? Well, don't it beat all how any ruction yu has only got to warble up little this world is? Somebody allus turnin' my way. So long." up that knows somebody yu knows. I'll The next ten days passed quietly and on just amble along, Mr. Cassidy, an' don't the afternoon of the eleventh Hopalong's yu be none bashful about callin' if yu miner friend paid him a visit. needs me. Any pal of Buck's is my friend. "Jake recommends yore peaches,” he Well, so long,” said the visitor as he strode laughed as he shook Hopalong's hand. off. Then he stopped and turned around. “He says yu boosted another of that crowd. "Hey, mister!" he called. "They are goin' That bein' so I thought I would drop in an' to roll a fire barrel down agin yu from be- say that they're comin' after yu to-night, hind,” indicating by an outstretched arm shore. Just heard of it from yore friend the point from where it would start. "If Jimmy. Yu can count on us when th' it burns yu out I'm goin' to take a hand rush comes. But why didn't yu say yu: from up there," pointing to a cluster of was a pard of Buck Peters'? Me an' him rocks well to the rear of where the crowd used to shoot up Laramie together. From would work from, "an' I don't care whether what yore friend James says, yu can handle yu likes it or not,” he added to himself. this gang by yore lonesome, but if yu needs Hopalong scratched his head and then any encouragement yu make some sign an' laughed. Taking up a pick and shovel, he we'll help th' event along some. They's went out behind the cabin and dug a trench eight of us that 'll be waitin' up to get th’ parallel with and about twenty paces returns an’ we're shore goin' to be in away from the rear wall. Heaping the range.” excavated dirt up on the near side of the “Gee, it's nice to run across a friend of cut, he stepped back and surveyed his Buck's! Ain't he a son-of-a-gun?" asked labor with open satisfaction. "Roll yore Hopalong, delighted at the news. Then, fire barrel an' be d--," he muttered. without waiting for a reply, he went on: “Mebby she won't make a bully light for "Yore shore square, all right, an' I hates to pot shots, though," he added, grinning at refuse yore offer, but I got eighteen friends the execution he would do. comin' up an' they ought to get here by to Taking up his tools, he went up to the morrow. Yu tell Jimmy to head them place from where the gang would roll the this way when they shows up an' I'll have barrel, and made half a dozen mounds of th' claim for them. There ain't no use of twigs, being careful to make them very yu fellers gettin' mixed up in this. Th’ flimsy. Then he covered them with earth bunch that's comin' can clean out any and packed them gently. The mounds gang this side of sunup, an' I expects they'll looked very tempting from the view-point shore be anxious to begin when they finds of a marksman in search of earthworks, and me eatin' peaches an’ wastin' my time appeared capable of stopping any rifle ball shootin' bums. Yu pass th' word along to that could be fired against them. Hopa- yore friends, an' tell them to lay low an' see long looked them over critically and th' Arory Boerallis hit this town with its stepped back. tail up. Tell Jimmy to do it up good when "I'd like to see th' look on th' face of he speaks about me holdin' th' claim-I th'son-of-a-gun that uses them for cover- likes to see Buck an' Red fight when they're won't he be surprised?” and he grinned good an' mad.” gleefully as he pictured his shots boring The miner laughed and slapped Hopalong through them. Then he placed in the on the shoulder. “Yore all right, young center of each a chip or a pebble or some- ster! Yore just like Buck was at yore age. thing that he thought would show up well Say now, I reckons he wasn't a reg'lar in the firelight. terror on wheels! Why, I've seen him do Returning to the cabin, he banked it up more foolish things than any man I knows well with dirt and gravel, and tossed a few of, an' I calculate that if Buck pals with shovelfuls up on the roof as a safety valve yu there ain't no water in yore sand. My to his exuberance. When he entered the name's Tom Halloway," he suggested. door he had another idea, and fell to work Bar 20 Range Yarns 553 scooping out a shallow cellar, deep enough "Now," said Hopalong, blazing at the to shelter him when lying at full length. mounds as fast as he could load and fire Then he stuck his head out of the window his Sharp's, "we'll just see what yu thinks and grinned at the false covers with their of yore nice little covers.” prominent bull's-eyes. Yells of consternation and pain rang out "When that prize-winnin' gang of ossi in a swelling chorus, and legs and arms fied idiots runs up agin these fortifica jerked and flopped, one man, in his aston- tions they shore will be disgusted. I'll ishment at the shot that tore open his bet four dollars an' seven cents they'll cheek, sitting up in plain sight of that think their medicine-man's no good. I marksman, who then killed him. Roars of hopes that puff-eyed marshal will pick out rage floated up from the main body of the that hump with th' chip on it," and he besiegers, and the discomfited remnant of hugged himself in anticipation. barrel-rollers broke for real cover, Hopa- He then cut down a sapling and fastened long picking off two in their flight. it to the roof and on it he tied his neck Then he stopped another rush from the kerchief, which fluttered valiantly and with front, made upon the supposition that he defiance in the light breeze. "I shore hopes was thinking only of the second detach- they appreciates that," he remarked whim ment. A hearty cheer arose from Tom sically, as he went inside the hut and closed Halloway and his friends, ensconced in the door. their rocky position, and it was taken up The early part of the evening passed in by those on the hill, who danced and yelled peace, and Hopalong, tired of watching in their delight at the battle, to them more vain, wished for action. Midnight came, humorous than otherwise. and it was not until half an hour before This recognition of his prowess from men dawn that he was attacked. Then a noise of the caliber of his audience made him feel sent him to a locphole, where he fired two good, and he grinned: “Gee, I'll bet Hallo- shots at skulking figures some distance off. way an' his friend is shore itchin' to get in A fusillade of bullets replied; one of them this,” he murmured, firing at a head that ripped through the door at a weak spot was foolishly shown for an instant. “Got and drilled a hole in a can of the everlast yu!" he exclaimed, scooping up more peach ing peaches. Hopalong set the can in the juice. “Wonder what Red 'll say when frying pan and then flitted from loophole Jimmy tells him-bet he'll plow dust like to loophole, shooting quick and straight. a cyclone,” and Hopalong laughed, pic- Several curses told him that he had not turing to himself the satiation of Red's missed, and he scooped up a finger of peach anger. "Old red-headed son-of-a-gun," juice. Shots thudded into the walls of his murmured the cowboy affectionately, "he fort in an unceasing stream, and, as it grew shore can fight.” lighter, several whizzed through the loop As he squinted over the sights of his holes. He kept close to the earth and rifle his eye caught sight of a moving body waited for the rush, and when it came sent of men as they cantered over the flats about it back minus two of its members. two miles away. In his eagerness he for- As he reloaded his Colts a bullet passed got to shoot and carefully counted them. through his shirt sleeve and he promptly “Nine,” he grumbled. "Wonder what's th’ nailed the marksman. He looked out of matter?”—fearing that they were not his a crack in the rear wall and saw the top of friends. Then a second body numbering an adjoining hill crowned with spectators, eight cantered into sight and followed the all of whom were armed. Some time later first. he repulsed another attack and heard a "Whoop! There's th' Red-head!” he faint cheer from his friends on the hill. shouted, dancing in his joy. "Now," he Then he saw a barrel, blazing from end to shouted at the peach can joyously, “yu end, roll out from the place he had so care wait about thirty minutes an' yu'll shore fully covered with mounds. It gathered reckon Hades has busted loose!'' speed and bounded over the rough ground, He grabbed up his Colts, which he kept flashed between two rocks and leaped into loaded for repelling rushes, and recklessly the trench, where it crackled and roared in emptied them into the bushes and between vain. the rocks and trees, searching every likely 554 The Outing Magazine place for a human target. Then he slipped yu was afraid we'd git some!" shouted Red his rifle in a loophole and waited for good indignantly, leaping down and running up shots, having worked off the dangerous to his pal as though to thrash him. pressure of his exuberance. Hopalong grinned pleasantly and fired Soon he heard a yell from the direction a peach against Red's eye. “I was savin’ of the "Miner's Rest," and fell to jamming that one for yu, Reddie,” he remarked, cartridges into his revolvers so that he as he avoided Buck's playful kick. “Yu could sally out and join in the fray by the fellers git to work an' dig up some wealth side of Red. - I'm hungry.” Then he turned to Buck: The thunder of madly pounding hoofs "Yore th' marshal of this town, an’ any rolled up the trail, and soon a horse and son-of-a-gun what don't like it had better rider shot around the corner and headed for write. Oh, yes, here comes Tom Hallo- the copse. Three more raced close behind, way'member him?” and then a bunch of six, followed by the Buck turned and faced the miner and rest, spread out and searched for trouble. his hand went out with a jerk. Red, a Colt in each hand and hatless, "Well, I'll be locoed if I didn't punch stood up in his stirrups and sent shot after with yu on th' Tin-Cup!” he said. shot into the fleeing mob, which he could “Yu shore did an' yu was purty devilish, not follow on account of the nature of the but that there Cassidy of your beats any- ground. Buck wheeled and dashed down thing I ever seen.” the trail again with Red a close second, the "He's a good kid," replied Buck, glancing others packed in a solid mass and after them. to where Red and Hopalong were quarrel- At the first level stretch the newcomers ing as to who had eaten the most pie in a swept down and hit their enemies, going contest held some years before. through them like a knife through cheese. Johnny, nosing around, came upon the Hopalong danced up and down with rage perforated and partially scattered piles of when he could not find his horse, and had earth and twigs, and vented his disgust of to stand and yell, a spectator. them by kicking them to pieces. “Hey! The fight drifted in among the buildings, Hoppy! Oh, Hoppy!” he called, "what where it became a series of isolated duels, are these things?” and soon Hopalong saw panic-stricken Hopalong jammed Red's hat over that horses carrying their riders out of the other person's eyes and replied: "Oh, them's some side of the town. Then he went gunning loaded dice I fixed for them.” for the man who had rustled his horse. "Yu son-of-a-gun!" sputtered Red, as he He was unsuccessful and returned to his wrestled with his friend in the exuberance peaches. of his pride. “Yu son-of-a-gun! Yu shore Soon the riders came up, and when they ought to be ashamed to treat 'em that saw Hopalong shove a peach into his pow- way!" der-grimed mouth they yelled their delight. “Shore,” replied Hopalong. “But I "Yu old maverick! Eatin' peaches like ain't!" WA-GUSH BY LAWRENCE MOTT PAINTING BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER T ure. THE north wind flung itself wildly, It was nearly daylight when he woke, viciously over the gray barrens; his mind roused to action by the feeling of shrieking and whistling, it passed the presence of something. He got up, into the dark forests beyond. started to call the dogs, when the gleam of A lone figure, urging on his dog team, a fire in the forest below arrested his voice. sometimes pushing the sledge behind them “Who's dere?” he muttered when the snow was soft, struggled slowly In yellow lines of light that flickered and across the mournful distances. shone, the other fire gleamed warmly. His “Sacrée, Ah no get to de poste dees own had gone out. night," he murmured. “Ah go see!” and he went, stealing from As though in answer to his words the tree to tree, the sound of his feet crunching dogs stopped, panting, their feet bleeding, in the snow covered up by the noises of the their eyes half closed; worn out with the angry night. weight of their load and the killing softness By the brightly blazing fire were two of the snow. figures close together, a man and a woman. The man, Phiné Poleon, straightened up Her face he could not see for the dancing and looked about, while the wind tore at shadows. his clothes, bellowed in his ears and slung “Dat ees Le Renard," he whispered, the biting drift over him. Everywhere recognizing an old comrade in the man. loomed the solitude of the winter barrens; He was about to go forward when the wom- everywhere the snow flew along in tumbling an rose and passed behind the other fig- clouds, ever and always the gale shrieked Poleon saw the flash of steel, but in gusts. The dogs had lain down together, could not hear the groan. He saw the body creeping to one another that their warmth roll over and twitch convulsively. might keep off the fury of the storm. Bon Dieu, w'at you do?” he shouted, Ah mus' get to de fores',” Phiné said leaping on. The woman saw him coming aloud, took up his whip and curled the and darted away in the blackness, seizing a thong about the tired brutes. pair of snowshoes that were near as she ran. “Allez! allez! Marse!” “D-n you,” hecursed and tried to follow. They got to their feet painfully and He stumbled and slipped, then stopped started on, he helping from the rear. breathless. Only the impenetrable mass At last, after hours of fighting against the of trunks met his eyes, their branches flap- whirling snow, he came to the forest. Tall, ping monotonously to and fro. black and grim the hemlock and pine "No can catch now,” and he went back stood before him, their tops pirouetting to the wounded man. wildly in the wind. "Renard, w'at ees?” he asked frantically, In their shelter Poleon halted, built a tearing open his friend's capote and shirt. lean-to, gathered some dry wood and light The latter opened his great black eyes for ed his fire. The flames ate their red way an instant. speedily, and roared their heat to the cold “Dat-you--Poleon?” ness of the air. “Si-si, the latter answered, trying to After supper he fed the dogs, rolled him stop the flow of blood that reddened the self in his rabbit-skin blanket and slept. 6 Snow. 555 556 The Outing Magazine “Ah'm-een-de-Pol-eece- dees Gravely he stood on it then, and said his year; catch mans for steal, hego-Stonee Ave Maria twice, called to the team and -Montaigne ;* dees girl-mak' me t'ink turned away, tears in his eyes. she loove-me; she sistaire dat mans!” At night he reached the Hudson Bay the voice finished. Company's post at Mistassiny and took his “Ah catch her sure!” Poleon screamed, furs to the factor, receiving for them food seeing that his friend's death was near. and some money. “W'at her name? no could see her, me.” “'Tis a good thing ye got a fair lot this The dying trapper gasped and gurgled a time,” the Scotchman said as he examined moment, “W-g and died. the skins, “fur ye hae nae doun so well The dead man in his arms, the glazing lately, Phin!” eyes looking unseeing into his, Poleon But the big French Canadian said noth- crouched, dazed, horror-stricken. As in a ing. dream, old scenes, memories of trapping For days he fought with himself as to days together, days that were fraught with whether he should tell of the murder he success sometimes, sometimes burdened had seen committed, because the Post was with failure, but always hours of compan- asking for Le Renard, but he argued, “Ah ionship and a deep friendliness, passed be no know dat w'man; dey no b’lief me; fore his memory eyes. mabbe tink Ab keel Renard,” and he was “An' now,” he muttered sadly, “eet all silent. feenesh forevaire.” Then he stood up and The knife that he had found in his took off his cap. "Bon Dieu, hear w'en friend's back he kept. It was a peculiar Ah, Phiné Poleon, say dat Ah goin' keel dat blade, with a moose-horn handle and a girl somtaim!” He looked up at the blunted haft. He would take it out when heavens. They were dull gray and black he was alone in his tepee and look at it, with the coming light. Clouds sped over moisture in his gaunt eyes. in banks and hurrying rifts. Gloomy, for “Ef Ah onlee knew who deed dat!” he bidding and cold they were. would whisper over and over again. He picked up the dead man and carried Each night before he slept he solemnly him to where his dogs were waiting, curled repeated his vow to kill the girl "som- up, asleep. On top of the load of fur he taim,” and each day he watched every- fastened the stiffening form. Without thing and every one about the Post furtive- breakfast or even a thought of food he ly, but learned nothing. The questions crackled his whip. about Le Renard faded away. "Allez-hoop!” "He mus' ha' lost hisself,” the factor The half light in the forest showed the said. drifts and piled-up masses of snow, and the But Poleon knew and he chafed at his dogs worked slowly along. Weaker and own powerlessness. All winter he worked weaker their pulls at the load became, then on at his traps, and when spring came he they stopped, powerless to pull more. had a good credit account at the store. "W’at Ah do?” Phiné whispered, wiping "Ah goin' be marry," he announced the beads of sweat from his face. “Ah abruptly one day to the factor. mus' leave Renard or my skeens. “Who?” the latter asked. He stood long, hesitating between the "Wa-gush." (Little Fox.) body of his friend and the fur he had col "She is a fox, too,” and the Scotchman lected from his traps; these meant money chuckled, “but I hae nae doubt ye can beat and food to him. At last-"Ah buree her well enou' to keep her frae foxin',” and Renard,” and he fell to work. he laughed aloud. With his axe he dug through the snow “Ah loove her, dat all I know," Poleon and hacked at the frozen earth beneath, answered gravely and went out of the store. finally sinking a hole big enough for his pur On a glorious June day, when the trees pose. Then he undid the lashings, lifted were green with springing life, and the air the dead man from the sledge, lowered him warm with the luxury of the coming short carefully, put back the earth, dragged the months of heat, Poleon was married to Wa- snow over the spot and stamped it down. gush, the little Indian girl he had grown to * The penitentiary for the N. W. Provinces. love, if a rough mastership with a passion- 79 Painting by Frank E. S hoonover. "Bon Dieu, Ah have keel lak' Ah say, now Ah keel h’again." Wa-Gush 557 ate adoration besides can be called love. “Ai?" she put her hand on his knee that All the Post were there, and when the Jes rested on the canoe bottom. uit father pronounced his blessing, they “Ah have beeg pain!” cheered. "Ai?" she said again, waiting. Wa-gush and Phiné took up their home He drew out the knife from his bosom. in a large, fine tepee that Poleon had Dees kn'fe—” he began, when he built for the occasion. The girl was slim, heard the startled gasp, felt her shiver run but strong in body, muscular and active. over the canoe and looked up. In the Her face was of the Chippewa type, with moonlight her dusky face was white, and long, slender nose, aloe eyes, high fore her eyes burned strangely at him. She head, straight black hair, tiny feet and controlled herself by a valiant effort. hands. “Ai?” “Dieu, Ah loove you!” Poleon whispered A wild thought flashed across him, and softly to her one night as the little supper he remembered, could hear the dying man's fire flamed and spluttered at their feet. attempt at a name: “W-g- She looked at him and her eyes narrowed She was herself again. “Tell to me?" more than ever. And he told her the story, watching, now “An’ Ah loove you!” she answered soft that the iron was in his heart, with the keen- ly, tapping her beaded moccasins with a ness of a hound, but Wa-gush gave no little stick. further sign. Poleon never beat her; on the contrary "Dat too bad, Poleon,” she said when he he carried the wood, built the fires, hauled finished, "you mus’ fin' dat girrl an' keel!” the nets on the lake; in short, did every Straight she looked at him and he stared thing that is usually done by the squaws back. No waver of an eyelid met his gaze. --so much so that the Post laughed at “You t'ink dat?” him. "Ai-hai" (yes), she answered steadily, “Ye do love her, don't ye, Poleon?” the and they went home. factor said one day sarcastically. More days passed, but now they were "Ah-hai" (yes), he answered. fraught with double pain to Poleon. All this time of great happiness with the “It no can be dat !” he would say to him- girl, the old sorrow for his friend was work self when alone. ing at his heart. He would sit by his fire, At supper one night the blanket at the with her on the other side, and somberly entrance was pushed aside and a great dream, sometimes seeing the death picture, Indian came in. sometimes almost feeling Le Renard.in his “Bo' jou', Poleon, bo' jou', sistaire, Ah arms. comme f'om Stonee Montaigne, Ah'm free Often he tried to tell her of his pain, but at las'!” and he sat down. at each attempt the words stuck in his Poleon turned to the girl; she was throat. No, he could not make her un watching him with a tense, hunted look. happy, especially because they both hoped “Ah-h!” he whispered, and talked on for a child. Unseen he would take out the gayly. knife and gloomily handle it, wondering, She was lulled to carelessness, thinking praying that some time he might have his he did not know, and when he suggested vengeance. they go on the lake, the next evening, she The days passed on, one by one, each got into the canoe quietly. filled with its own particular happiness The moon shone in all its glorious splen- with Wa-gush, each bringing nearer the dor, silvering the waters and causing the longed-for event. In the evenings, when forest to appear as black lines. When at his nets were hauled and the dogs fed, Po a distance from the Post, Poleon got out leon would take her out on the lake in one of the old knife. his birch-bark canoes and paddle quietly “You keel Le Renard,” he said, with no along the warm, dark shores, startling the anger in his voice, only an ineffable sorrow. deer from their feeding, and listening to the “Non-non,” she answered, seeing the lonely hoot of owls. light in his eyes. One night his sorrow was too great. “Ah say yes, an’ Ah’m goin' keel "Chérie," he said quietly. you!" 558 The Outing Magazine She begged for mercy as he put the paddle down. “T'ink of you’ petit, "she whispered then; he crawled over the thwart. "Ah am t’inken,” he said, and struck! The canoe trembled for an instant, then was quiet on the calm waters. He looked at her, dead at his feet, her little hands resting over the side. The knife was still in his hands.' “Bon Dieu, Ah have keel lak’ Ah say, now Ah keel h’again.' He thrust at his own chest with a power- ful, heavy blow. “Adieu, Wa-gush, Ah al- way loove you,” he gasped as he fell, over- turning the canoe by his weight. The waters rolled away in sullen ripples after the splash; and the upturned canoe floated motionless and dark on the still, moonlit surface. PAN IN THE CATSKILLS BY BLISS CARMAN They say that he is dead, and now no more The reedy syrinx sounds among the hills, When the long summer heat is on the land. But I have heard the Catskill thrushes sing, And therefore am incredulous of death, Of pain and sorrow and mortality. In those blue cañons, deep with hemlock shade, In solitudes of twilight or of dawn, I have been rapt away from time and care By the enchantment of a golden strain As pure as ever pierced the Thracian wild, Filling the listener with a mute surmise. At evening and at morning I have gone Down the cool trail between the beech-tree boles, And heard the haunting music of the wood Ring through the silence of the dark ravine, Flooding the earth with beauty and with joy And all the ardors of creation old. And then within my pagan heart awoke Remembrance of far-off and fabled years In the untarnished sunrise of the world, When clear-eyed Hellas in her rapture heard A slow mysterious piping wild and keen Thrill through her vales, and whispered, "It is Pan!" THE LONG LABRADOR TRAIL THE COMPACT WITH HUBBARD FULFILLED BY DILLON WALLACE FOREWORD D ILLON WALLACE was sent to Labrador by The Outing Magazine to finish the task undertaken by Leonidas Hubbard, Jr., and himself in 1904. Mr. Wallace succeeded not only in making the hard and perilous pilgrimage whose first attempt resulted in the lamentable death of his companion, but also pushed much farther into the northern wilderness over an unbeaten trail. Among the results of his brilliant and heroic expedition were: Traversing eight bundred miles of country unknown and unexplored. Making the first maps of much of this vast tract. Contributing new knowledge concerning the geology and flora of Labrador. Striking south on the return trip along an uncharted stretch of coast, a homeward trip of two thousand miles, with dog sleds and snowshoes. Living for almost a year in the northern wilderness, and, largely because of experience gained in his previous venture, returning in rugged health and without serious mishap of any kind. In the opinion of the Editor of this magazine, Mr. Wallace's story, which will be published serially, is not only a virile and absorbing narrative of the great outdoors, but also a splendid record of American courage, endurance and heroism. I "It's always the way, Wallace! When a fellow starts on the long trail, he's never willing to quit. It 'll be the same with you if you go with me to Labrador. When you come home, you'll hear the voice of the wilderness calling you to return, and it will lure you back again." It seems but yesterday that Hubbard uttered those prophetic words as he and I lay before our blazing camp-fire in the snow- covered Shawangunk Mountains on that November night in the year 1901, and planned that fateful trip into the unex- plored Labrador wilderness which was to cost my dear friend his life, and both of us indescribable sufferings and hardships. And how true a prophecy it was! You who have smelled the camp-fire smoke; who have drunk in the pure forest air, laden with the smell of the fir tree; who have dipped your paddle into untamed waters, or climbed mountains, with the knowledge that none but the red man has been there before you; or have, perchance, had to fight the wilds and nature for your very existence; you of the wilderness brother- hood can understand how the fever of ex- ploration gets into one's blood and draws one back again to the forests and the bar- rens in spite of resolutions to “go no more.” It was more than this, however, that lured me back to Labrador. There was the vision of dear old Hubbard as I so often saw him during our struggle through that rugged northland wilderness, wasted in form and ragged in dress, but always hope- ful and eager, his undying spirit and in- domitable will focused in his words to me, and I can still see him as he looked when he said them: 559 560 The Outing Magazine “The work must be done, Wallace, and some time before, that, should I contem- if one of us falls before it is completed the plate another journey to Labrador, The other must finish it.” OUTING MAGAZINE might be given an op- I went back to Labrador to do the work portunity to engage my services. The he had undertaken, but which he was not magazine gave me a free hand in the selec- permitted to accomplish. His exhorta tion of men and outfit, as well as in the tion appealed to me as a command from method of conducting the expedition. The my leader-a call to duty. one injunction laid upon me was: Hubbard had planned to penetrate the "Come back yourself and bring back all Labrador peninsula from Groswater Bay, your men. If you find the conditions are following the old northern trail of the such that it is unsafe to go on, come back Mountaineer Indians from Northwest Riv and try it again next year.” er Post of the Hudson's Bay Company, It was advisable to reach Hamilton Inlet situated on Groswater Bay, one hundred with the opening of navigation and make and forty miles inland from the eastern an early start into the country, for every coast, to Lake Michikamau, thence through possible day of the brief summer would be the lake and northward over the divide, needed for our purpose. where he hoped to locate the headwaters of It was, as I fully realized, no small the George River. undertaking. Many hundreds of miles of It was his intention to pass down this unknown country must be traversed, and river until he reached the hunting camps over mountains and through marshes for of the Nenenot or Nascaupee Indians, long distances our canoes and outfit would there witness the annual migration of the have to be transported upon the backs of caribou to the eastern seacoast, which tra the men comprising my party, as pack dition said took place about the middle animals cannot be used in Labrador. latter part of September, and to be present through immense stretches of country at the “killing," when the Indians, it was there would be no sustenance for them, reported, secured their winter's supply of and, in addition to this, the character of provisions by spearing the caribou while the the country itself forbids their use. herds were swimming the river. The cari The personnel of the expedition required bou hunt over, he was to have returned much thought. I might with one canoe across country to the St. Lawrence or re and one or two professional Indian pack- trace his steps to Northwest River Post, ers travel more rapidly than with men whichever might seem advisable. Should, unused to exploration work, but in that however, the season be too fa dvanced case scientific research would have to be to permit of a safe return, he was to have slighted. I, therefore, decided to sacri- proceeded down the river to its mouth, fice speed to thoroughness and to take with at Ungava Bay, and return to civilization me men who, even though they might not in winter with dogs. be physically able to carry the large packs The country through which we were to of the professional voyageur, would in have traveled was to be mapped so far as other respects lend valuable assistance to possible, and observations made of the the work in hand. geological formation and of the flora, and My projected return to Labrador was no as many specimens collected as possible. sooner announced than numerous applica- This, then, Hubbard's plan, was the plan tions came to me from young men anxious which I adopted and which I set out to to join the expedition. After careful in- accomplish, when, in March, 1905, I finally vestigation, I finally selected as my com- decided to return to Labrador. panions George M. Richards, of Columbia Hubbard was the assistant editor of The University, as geologist, and, to aid me in OUTING MAGAZINE, and it was under the the topographical work, Clifford H. Eas- auspices of this magazine that his expe ton, of the School of Forestry at Biltmore, dition two years before was undertaken. North Carolina (both residents of New Therefore, when my decision was made to York), and Leigh Stanton, of Halifax, return to the North, I advised Mr. Caspar Nova Scotia, a veteran of the Boer War, Whitney, editor of The OUTING MAGA whom I had met at the lumber camps in ZINE, in compliance with his request, made Groswater Bay, Labrador, in the winter of Pack ice on the Labrador coast. It may 1903-1904, when he was installing the electric light plant in the large lumber mill there. It was desirable to have at least one Indian in the party as woodsman, hunter and general camp servant. For this posi- tion my friend, Frank H. Keefer, of Port Arthur, Ontario, recommended to me, and at my request engaged, Peter Stevens, a full-blood Ojibway Indian, of Grand Marais, Minnesota. “Pete” arrived in New York under the wing of the railway conductor during the last week in May. In the meantime I had devoted myself to the selection and purchase of our in- struments and general outfit. Everything must be purchased in advance—from ca- noes to repair kit—as my former experi- ence in Labrador had taught me. be of interest to mention the most im- portant items of outfit and the food sup- ply with which we were provided: Two canvas-covered canoes, one nineteen and one eighteen feet in length; one seven by nine “A” tent, made of waterproof “bal- loon" silk; one tarpaulin, seven by nine There were .. several women and children." 501 "Behind it an Indian burying ground." feet; folding tent stove and pipe; two taken by him in addition to the regular tracking lines; three small axes; cooking outfit). One Remington double barrel outfit, consisting of two frying pans, one 12-gauge shotgun; two ten-inch barrel mixing pan and three aluminum kettles; single shot .22 caliber pistols for par- an aluminum plate, cup and spoon for each tridges and small game; ammunition; man; one .33 caliber high-power Winches- tump-lines; three fishing rods and tackle, ter rifle and two 44-40 Winchester car including trolling outfits; one three and bines (only one of these carbines was taken one-half inch gill net; repair kit, includ- with us from New York, and this was in- ing necessary material for patching ca- tended as a reserve gun in case the party noes, clothing, etc.; matches, and a medi- should separate and return by different cine kit. routes. The other was one used by Stan The following instruments were also ton when previously in Labrador, and carried: Three minimum registering ther- Indian women of the Post. 562 Indians portaging canoes to the Old Camping Ground. mometers; one aneroid barometer which and clothing was carried in a waterproof was tested and set for me by the United canvas bag. States Weather Bureau; one clinometer; Our provision supply consisted of 298 one pocket transit; three compasses; one pounds of pork; 300 pounds of flour; 45 pedometer; one taffrail log; one pair bin pounds of corn-meal; 4 pounds of lentils; oculars; three No. 3A folding pocket 28 pounds of rice; 25 pounds of erbswurst; kodaks, sixty rolls of films, each roll 10 pounds of prunes; a few packages of sealed in a tin can and waterproofed; six dried vegetables; some beef bouillon tab- watches, two of which were adjusted to lets; 6 pounds of baking powder; 16 sidereal time, loaned the expedition by the pounds of tea; 6 pounds of coffee; 15 Waltham Watch Company. pounds of sugar; 14 pounds of salt; a Each man was provided with a sheath small amount of saccharin and crystallose, knife and a waterproof match-box, and his and 150 pounds pemmican. personal kit containing a pair of blankets Everything likely to be injured by "Indians that trade at this post." 563 564 The Outing Magazine water was packed in waterproof canvas throb of the engine my heart grew lighter. bags. I was not thinking of the perils I was to My friend Dr. Frederick A. Cook, of the face with my new companions in that land Arctic Club, selected my medical kit, and where Hubbard and I had suffered so instructed me in the use of its simple rem much. The young men with me were edies. It was also upon the recommenda filled with enthusiasm at the prospect of tion of Dr. Cook and others of my Arctic adventure in the silent and mysterious Club friends that I purchased the pemmi- country for which they were bound. can, which was designed as an emergency ration, and I may say here that one pound II of pemmican, as our experience demon- strated, was equal to two or even three “When shall we reach Rigolet, Cap- pounds of any other food that we carried. tain?” We had planned to go north from St. “Before daylight, I hopes, sir, if the fog Johns on the Labrador mail-boat Virginia holds off, but there's a mist settling, and if Lake, which, as I had been informed by it gits too thick, we may have to come to.” the Reid-Newfoundland Company, was ex Crowded with an unusual cargo of hu- pected to sail from St. Johns on her first manity, fishermen going to their summer "Tom Blake and his family come out to welcome us." trip on or about June tenth. This made work on “The Labrador" with their ac- it necessary for us to leave New York on companying tackle and household goods, the Red Cross Line steamer Rosalind, sail meeting with many vexatious delays in ing from Brooklyn on May thirtieth; and discharging the men and goods at the when, at eleven-thirty that Tuesday morn numerous ports of call, and impeded by ing, the Rosalind cast loose from her wharf, fog and wind, the mail-boat Virginia Lake we and our outfit were aboard, and our had been much longer than is her wont on journey of eleven long months was begun. her trip "down north.” As I waved farewell to our friends ashore It was now June twenty-first. Six days I recalled that other day two years be before (June fifteenth), when we boarded fore, when Hubbard and I had stood on the ship at St. Johns we had been informed the Silvia's deck, and I said to myself: that the steamer Harlow, with a cargo for "Well, this, too, is Hubbard's trip. His the lumber mills at Kenemish, in Gros- spirit is with me. It was he, not I, who water Bay, was to leave Halifax that very planned this Labrador work, and if I succeed afternoon. She could save us a long and it will be because of him and his influence.” disagreeable trip in an open boat, ninety | was glad to be away. With every miles up Groswater Bay, and I had hoped The Long Labrador Trail 565 that we might reach Rigolet in time to We had to wait but a moment, however, secure a passage for myself and party from for the information. The small boat was that point. But the Harlow had no ports already alongside, and John Groves, a of call to make, and it was predicted that Goose Bay trader and one of my friends of her passage from Halifax to Rigolet would two years before, clambered aboard and be made in four days. had me by the hand. I had no hope now of reaching Rigolet “I'm glad to see you, sir; and how is before her, nor of finding her there, and, you?” resigned to my fate, I left the captain on Assuring him that I was quite well, I the bridge and went below to my state asked the name of the other ship. room to rest until daylight. Some time in "The Harlow, sir, an' she's goin' to the night I was aroused by some one say- Kenemish with daylight." ing: "Well, I must get aboard of her then, "We're at Rigolet, sir, and there's a ship and try to get a passage up. Is your flat at anchor close by.” free, John, to take me aboard of her?” Whether I had been asleep or not, I was “Yes, sir. Step right in, sir. But I fully awake now, and found that the cap thinks you'd better go ashore, for the tain had come to tell me of our arrival. Harlow's purser's ashore. If you can't get The first rapid." The fog had held off and we had done much passage on the Harlow my schooner's here better than the captain's prediction. Hur- doing nothin' while I goes to St. Johns for rying into my clothes, I went on deck, from goods, and I'll have my men run you up which, through the slight haze that hung to Nor'west River.” over the water, I could discern the lights I thanked him and lost no time in going of a ship, and beyond, dimly visible, the ashore in his boat, where I found Mr. James old familiar line of Post buildings showing Fraser, the factor, and received a hearty against the dark spruce-covered hills be welcome. In Mr. Fraser's office I found hind, where the great silent forest begins. also the purser of the Harlow, and I quickly All was quiet save for the thud, thud, arranged with him for a passage to Kene- thud of the oarlocks of a small boat ap mish, which is ninety miles up the inlet, proaching our ship and the dismal howl of and just across Groswater Bay (twelve a solitary "husky" dog somewhere ashore. miles) from Northwest River Post. The The captain had preceded me on deck, and Harlow was to sail at daylight and I at in answer to my inquiries said he did not once returned to the mail-boat, called the know whether the stranger at anchor was boys and, with the help of the Virginia's the Harlow or not, but he thought it was. crew and one of their small boats, we 566 The Outing Magazine were transferred, bag and baggage, to the We answered, and heading our boat toward Harlow. the sound of continued “Hellos,” found Owing to customs complications the the men, with the canoes unloaded and Harlow was later than expected in leaving hauled ashore, preparing to make a night Rigolet, and it was evening before she camp. I joined them and, launching and dropped anchor at Kenemish. I went reloading the canoes again, with Richards ashore in the ship's boat and visited again and Easton in one canoe and Pete and I the lumber camp “cook-house” where Dr. in the other, we followed Fred and Stan- Hardy and I lay ill through those weary ton, who preceded us in the row-boat, keep- winter weeks, and where poor Hardy died. ing our canoes religiously within ear-shot Hardy was the young lumber company of Fred's thumping oarlocks. Finally the doctor who treated my frozen feet in the fog lifted, and not far away we caught a winter of 1903-1904. Here I met Fred glimmer of lights at the French Post. All Blake, a Northwest River trapper. Fred was dark at the Hudson Bay Post across had his flat, and I engaged him to take a the river when at last our canoes touched part of our luggage to Northwest River. the sandy beach and we sprang ashore. Then I returned to the ship to send the What a flood of remembrances came boys ahead with the canoes and some of our to me as I stepped again upon the old baggage, while I waited behind to follow familiar ground! How vividly I remem- with Fred and the rest of the kit in his bered that June day two years before, when flat a half hour later. Hubbard and I had first set foot on this Fred and I were hardly a mile from the very ground and Mackenzie had greeted ship when a heavy thunder-storm broke us so cordially! And also that other day upon us, and we were soon drenching wet in November when, ragged and starved, I -the baptism of our expedition. This came here to tell of Hubbard, lying dead rain was followed by a dense fog and in the dark forest beyond! The same dogs early darkness. On and on we rowed, and that I had known then came running to I was berating myself for permitting the meet us now, the faithful fellows with men to go on so far ahead of us with the which I began that sad funeral journey canoes, for they did not know the way and homeward over the ice. I called some of the fog had completely shut out the lights them by name—“Kumalik,” “Bo'sun,” of the Post buildings, which otherwise “Captain,” “Tinker,”—and they pushed would have been visible across the bay for their great heads against my legs and, I a considerable distance. believe, recognized me. Suddenly through the fog and darkness, It was nearly two o'clock in the morning. from shoreward, came a "Hello! Hello!” We went immediately to the Post house trician. Pored up ! William Ahsini's map of the route to Lake Michikamau. From left to right-Wallace, Easton, Richards, Stanton, "Pete" and Duncan. and roused out Mr. Stuart Cotter, the In the olden time there were nearly a hun- agent (Mackenzie is no longer there), and dred families of them, whose hunting- received from him a royal welcome. He ground was that section of country be- called his Post servant and instructed him tween Hamilton Inlet and the Upper George to bring in our things, and while we changed River. our dripping clothes for dry ones, his house These people now, for the most part, keeper prepared a light supper. It was hunt south of the inlet and trade at the St. five o'clock in the morning when I retired. Lawrence Posts. The chapel was erected In the previous autumn I had written about 1872, but ten years ago the Jesuit Duncan McLean, one of the four men who missionary was withdrawn, and since then came to my rescue on the Susan River, that the building has fallen into decay and ruin, should I ever come to Labrador again and and the crosses that marked the graves in be in need of a man I would like to engage the old burying grounds have been broken him. Cotter told me that Duncan had down by the heavy winter snows. It was just come from his trapping path and was this withdrawal of the missionary that at the Post kitchen, so when we had fin turned the Indians to the southward where ished breakfast, at eight o'clock that morn priests are more easily found. The Moun- ing, I saw Duncan and, as he was quite taineer Indian, unlike the Nascaupee, is willing to go with us, I arranged with him very religious, and must, at least once a to accompany us a short distance into the year, meet his father-confessor. The old country to help us pack over the first port- camping ground, since the abandonment age and to bring back letters. of the mission, has lain lonely and de- He expressed a wish to visit his father serted, save for three or four families who, at Kenemish before starting into the coun occasionally in the summer season, come try, but promised to be back the next back again to pitch their tents where their evening ready for the start on Monday forefathers camped and held their annual morning, the twenty-sixth, and I consent feasts in the old days. ed. I knew hard work was before us, and Competition between the trading com- as I wished all hands to be well rested panies at this point has raised the price of and fresh at the outset, I felt that a couple furs to such an extent that the few fami- of days' idleness would do us no harm. lies of Indians that trade at this post are Some five hundred yards east of Mr. well-to-do and very independent. There Cotter's house is an old, abandoned mission were two tents of them here when we ar- chapel, and behind it an Indian burying rived-five men and several women and ground. The cleared space of level ground children. I found two of my old friends between the house and chapel was, for a there— John and William Ahsini. They century or more, the camping ground of expressed pleasure in meeting me again, the Mountaineer Indians who come to the and a lively interest in our trip. With Post each spring to barter or sell their furs. Mr. Cotter acting as interpreter, John made 567 568 The Outing Magazine for me a map of the old Indian trail from carry packs over hot portages. His sea- Grand Lake to Seal Lake and William, son's work was finished and he was to have a map to Lake Michikamau and over the a lazy summer in camp, and even my height of land to the George River, indi liberal offers of reward were not sufficient cating the portages and principal inter to move him. It is impossible to engage vening lakes as they remembered them. Groswater Bay Indians to guide you. They Seal Lake is a large lake expansion of the are hunters, not guides. However, I was Nascaupee River, which river, it should be glad to have their crude maps, as I hoped explained, is the outlet of Lake Michikamau these would be of some assistance to us in and discharges its waters into Grand Lake locating the long unused trail. Of how and through Grand Lake into Groswater much assistance they really were I shall Bay. Lake Michikamau, next to Lake leave the reader to judge for himself as he Mistasinni, is the largest lake in the Labra travels with us through the northward dor peninsula, and from eighty to ninety wastes. miles in length. Neither John nor William During the day Allen Goudy and Donald had been to Lake Michikamau by this Blake, the two older members of the party route since they were young lads, but they that came to my rescue in the Susan Val- told us that the Indians, when traveling ley in 1903, called upon me and offered very light without their families, used to to go with me as far as Seal Lake, should I make the journey in twenty-three days. desire more help; but with Duncan en- During my previous stay in Labrador gaged I could not well use more men, one Indian told me it could be done in ten as we had but two canoes, and therefore, days, while another, that Indians traveling with regret, I declined their kind offers of very fast would require about thirty days. assistance. It is difficult to base calculations upon in It was not until the afternoon of the formation of this kind. But I was sure twenty-sixth (Monday) that Duncan re- that, with our comparatively heavy outfit, turned from Kenemish and presented him- and the fact that we would have to find the self, and I decided to start at once and trail for ourselves, we should require at paddle to the "rapid" three miles above, least twice the time of the Indians, who where we would spend the night with Tom know every foot of the way as we know our Blake and his family in their snug little log familiar city streets at home. cabin, and be ready for an early start up They expressed their belief that the old Grand Lake on the morrow. It was Tom trail could be easily found, and assured us that headed the little party sent by me up that each portage, as we asked about it the Susan Valley to bring to the post Hub- in detail, was a 'miam potagan” (good bard's body in March, 1904; and it was portage), but at the same time expressed through his perseverance, loyalty and hard their doubts as to our ability to cross the work at the time that I finally succeeded country safely. in recovering the body. Tom's daughter, In fact, it has always been the Indians' Lillie, was Mackenzie's little housekeeper, boast, and I have heard it many times, that who showed me so many kindnesses then. no white man could go from Groswater Bay The whole family, in fact, were very good to Ungava alive without Indians to help to me during those trying days, and I him through. “Pete” was a Lake Supe count them among my true and loyal rior Indian and had never run a rapid in his friends. life. He was only a young fellow, and We had supper with Cotter, who sang these Indians evidently had little faith in some Hudson's Bay songs, Richards sang a his ability to see us through, and none of jolly college song or two, Stanton a “clas- them believes that a white man can find sic,” and then all who could sing joined in his way alone. "Auld Lang Syne." I made John and William gifts of “stem My thoughts were of another day, two mo” (tobacco) to put them in good humor, years before, when Hubbard, so full of and then endeavored, with Mr. Cotter's as hope, had begun this same journey-of the sistance, to engage William to bring his sunshine and fleecy clouds and beckoning canoe and go with us as far as Seal Lake, fir-tops, and I wondered what was in store but it was no part of William's plan to for us now. (To be continued.) Oliver Kemp. of Painting by Oliver Kemp CONQUERING A NORTHERN RAPID Charles Ruberl-starting from scratch. SPEED SWIMMING THE THREE RECOGNIZED METHODS BY L. DE B. HANDLEY PHOTOGRAPHS BY ARTHUR HEWITT T HE evolution of the swimming many good coaches teach it as a stepping stroke has been so closely allied stone to the trudgeon and find the system with the history of racing as to highly satisfactory. have left the impression in the mind of the The belief generally held that to acquire a average individual that the so-called “speed speed stroke one must master the breast strokes" are adapted to competition only, stroke first, is incorrect. As a matter of and not at all practical for pleasure swim fact, the leg actions used in the various ming and bathing. strokes are so very unlike as to make it No more erroneous belief could be en much more sensible to start right in on the tertained. In the development of the one that has to be learned. Those who stroke the object in view has ever been the have had experience in coaching will readily finding of a set of movements which would understand the reason of this. It is far enable one to obtain the greatest possible easier to teach a novice than to make an speed with the least expenditure of power. old timer change his method, for in the The up-to-date strokes, far from being too former case one has but to teach, while in punishing for the ordinary mortal, are the latter one has to correct first and then what he needs to properly enjoy swim teach. ming. The same amount of application Whether a man be a swimmer or not, in which is necessary to master the breast taking up a new stroke he should begin stroke will enable one to learn the more with the leg movement only. In the side modern methods which insure more speed stroke it is called the scissor kick. To ac- and less exertion. quire it find a place with water at least three Only three strokes are now recognized feet in depth, where you can use either a as standards: the side, the trudgeon and stationary or a floating support. Take the crawl. All three are taught the world hold of this support and let your body rest over much in the same manner and may on the water, on its side, with legs straight be classed as distinct types. The side and well together and feet as if standing stroke is gradually disappearing and might on tiptoe. Choose the side that feels most well be termed obsolete, were it not that comfortable. Now proceed to open the 569 "They're off.” Speed Swimming 571 legs very slowly, not frog fashion, but front arm is being brought down, and should be and back, as in walking. The upper should exhaled through the nostrils, under water, be brought forward almost straight, the while the under arm goes forward. Some under, back, bent to a kneeling position. find this impossible, even after long prac- When they are about two feet apart snap tice, and breathe in and out through the sharply together. mouth during the short period that the The faults to be obviated are: bending face is above water, but if one can acquire of the upper knee; opening the legs too the other way it is far the best. wide or too fast, and turning the feet up, The legs should be opened very slowly instead of down. In each of these faults a just as the under arm starts its recovery; large resisting surface is presented to the they should be snapped together when the water, which naturally retards speed. Suf upper arm is in the middle of its stroke. ficient time should be spent at the kick to If properly timed the side stroke gives a acquire it thoroughly, then the arm can be started. The position of the body is unchanged. Lie on your side, with body and legs in a straight line; both arms perpendic- ularly over your head and the palms turned slightly away from the face. Bring upper arm down smartly, keeping it rigid at elbow and wrist, palm of hand open, fingers well together. Carry it through the water just below the sur- ce, describing a semicircle to end at the thigh, then bend arm at the elbow and bring it forward well above water, until it is straight before you in the orig- inal position. The under arm should be started when the upper one is just about through with its stroke, and should be brought down with force, almost parallel to it, so that at the finish it brushes the lower thigh; then it is bent at the elbow like the other and brought forward just below the surface. The upper arm should rest on the water, at full reach, while the under one recovers, until it is at the C. M. Daniels an exponent of the trudgeon, and an international winner at the Olympic Games. height of the head. The principal faults to be obviated are: clean, even progress, without a break or a reaching with the right arm in front of the check. left shoulder, and vice versa, as this propels Let us recapitulate: Upper arm first; the body in zig-zag fashion; bending the inhale while this arm is being snapped elbow while pulling, as it lessens the lever downward; legs fall in as the arm finishes; age and occasions loss of power; and hit under arm follows immediately afterward; ting the water with hand or arm on the re legs open slowly during recovery of under covery, as it retards progress. arm; air exhaled at the same time. The action of the arms, in the side stroke, In learning the trudgeon the swimmer entails a rolling motion of the body which lies flat on the water, face downward, body buries the face at every stroke. This ne straight, arms at full length above head cessitates an artificial way of breathing and perpendicular to shoulders, hands which has to be learned before the stroke open, palms downward, legs straight and can be swum properly. It is advisable to well together, toes pointing down. As make a special study of it. Air should be most men find it more comfortable to swim inhaled through the mouth as the upper on the left side (right side up), let us take 572 The Outing Magazine the stroke that way. To swim on the ence between the two lies in the recovery right, one has but to reverse the order of of the under arm, though of course this instructions. difference entails slight changes in the Catch the water hard, with your right position of the body and in other details. hand slightly curved inward at the wrist, The third and most recent of strokes, and as you do so roll sufficiently on your the crawl, while taught in the same man- left side to bring your mouth above water ner pretty nearly everywhere, seems to take for a breath of air. Bring the arm down on much of the individuality of the swim- just below the surface and almost parallel mer as he becomes proficient, and this has to it, until it touches the thigh, then bend led many of our experts to believe that we it at the elbow and carry it forward cleanly, have only found a type, out of which sev- well above the water until it is on the full eral distinct varieties will be evolved as reach again. we know it better. The left arm may be brought down either The present method of instruction is to like in the side stroke (parallel to the right start the swimmer with body flat on the The side stroke showing the scissor kick. one) or well out to the left, just below the water, as in the trudgeon, and to make surface. Distance swimmers usually af him keep that way as much as possible, fect the former method, sprinters the lat twisting his head only, instead of the whole ter. As the left arm comes out of water, body, to take breath. The arms, how- the body returns to its original position, ever, are not held out at full length, but flat on its face, so as to enable the left arm rest on the water slightly bent at the el- to be brought forward clear of the water, bow, the hands at the height of the head. and remains so, until the arm is near the They are brought down with force until near full reach, when the right arm again starts the hip and then shot swiftly forward again on its downward course. without any pause. Their action is alter- The same kick that is used in the side nate, and as the orbit described is shorter stroke, the scissor kick, is used in the trud than in the trudgeon, the time is naturally geon, and the entire timing of the two faster. In sprinting the "crawler” only strokes is identical. The only real differ breathes at every second or third stroke. Answering the roll-call. The leg action can hardly be character- ized as a kick; it is merely an up-and- down thrash of the lower part of the legs from the knee. To acquire it, lie on the water as told above, with legs straight but not rigid, and toes pointing downward. Now move them up and down alternately, so that they almost brush each other, hav- ing care to keep the upper part of the leg rigid. The movement should be from the knee down. At their widest spread the feet should not be more than sixteen or eighteen inches apart. Their speed may vary accord- ing to the distance one is to travel. Waiting for the start. 573 574 The Outing Magazine In Australia the legs are made to keep him many prizes, and success will amply time with the arms, but in America it has make up for them later. been found more satisfactory to make the Most beginners consider racing a matter two movements absolutely independent of of strength and training only. They will each other. Some of our fastest men seem work away at the fifty yards without a to use their legs simply to keep them from thought to form until they have mastered sinking. Harmony of movement in the enough speed to enter a novice race, and crawl can only be acquired with practice. they begin their competitive career with no Each man has so much individuality that other preparation. What is the result? general rules cannot be given. They win, eventually, and continue with In all that I have said above I have had their incorrect methods, never rising above in mind the great majority of men who the mediocrity of sprinters and, of course, swim only for pleasure and exercise, and never being able to negotiate the distances who have no thought of competing. Never- at all. theless, let me assure the prospective com It is form that counts in swimming, and petitor that he will have to take up the without it even the most favored by nat- preliminary work in the very same manner. ure cannot attain proficiency. Punishing I will here add a little advice that may help time trials should be scrupulously avoided him in his racing career. while one is learning a stroke. The temp- First of all, let me recommend to him tation is great to find out how fast one is not to attempt any fast work until he has going and what progress one has made, mastered the stroke thoroughly. A few but the swimmer should reflect that form months devoted to practice will not lose departs rapidly as the muscles get tired, The side stroke in action. The trudgeon in action. and then faults are accentuated and gradu As soon as the hand touches, it is placed ally become permanent. Salt water is pref so as to get a purchase, and the body is erable to fresh to learn in. It has more swung around, following the direction of buoyancy and, as can readily be under the arm, until the feet come in contact with stood, the less effort required to keep afloat, the wall. Then the under arm gives a the more energy left to devote to form. short, backward stroke so as to force the In racing, the dive and the turn are de body back until the knees are well bent, tails of great importance. A good dive the arms are brought quickly above the will give from one to three yards over a head, the legs are shot out hard, giving one bad one, and it is calculated that an expert a good shove-off, and the arms are set in turner gains about a second at each turn. motion again just as the body begins to This, incidentally, accounts for our indoor slow up. As in starting, no kick wants to records, made over a short course, being so be taken until the second stroke. much faster than the outdoor ones, made To seek the origin of the various strokes over long courses. To dive properly, try would mean to take up the history of to strike the water on a slant, with head swimming from its birth, for each is but a erect and arms well up, so as to just skim phase of a continuous evolution. And at the water and remain on top, ready for that, history is not very clear on the time the first stroke as soon as the body begins and author of the various phases. The to lose its impetus. Do not use the legs side stroke in its present form was first in- until the second arm stroke. troduced to the public by Joey Nuttall, an To turn effectively the swimmer should Englishman, who for many years was con- calculate the length of his strokes in ap sidered the best all 'round swimmer in the proaching the wall so as to reach it with world. He it was who, with the help of his upper arm extended above the head. J. H. Tyers, another celebrity, is supposed 575 576 The Outing Magazine to have discovered the scissor kick. They other Englishman, who gave it his name. adapted it to the arm stroke then used by Although he is looked upon as the inven- champion Horace Davenport, the origi tor, it is no secret that he copied it from nator of the single overarm, and evolved the Indians of South America. He did the side stroke. It had a long life in Eng excellent work with it and won many good land, and some of the fast men swim it to races, but it was left to an Australian, this day. Nuttall, who still holds some Alfred Holmes, of Balmain, to make it world's records, never knew any other. famous. He used it in establishing his In America the side has had several world's record of 1 minute 02.2-5 seconds famous exponents. Donald Reeder, for the hundred yards. many-time champion and record holder, At the time of its appearance the trudg- a In the wake of the ''crawl." was one of them, as was Fred Wenck, who eon was condemned as too punishing for a won the mile championship twice in suc distance stroke. Fred Lane, a country- cession with it, establishing new figures for man of Holmes's, decided that it was not the distance each time. Joseph Spencer, and set out to prove it. This he did and winner of the indoor mile championship to him is given credit for the improvement last February, used it in that race and so of the scissor kick. Previously, the upper did Brewer, the great California swimmer, leg was drawn up bent until the knee al- in making all his records. Until a few most touched the chin, thus killing abso- years ago the side was the only racing lutely the momentum of the body. Lane stroke we knew of. modified it by straightening out the leg The trudgeon, which superseded it, was and decreasing the width of the kick. The brought to light by one Trudgeon, an success of the innovation is vouched (or by Speed Swimming 577 his records. Not only did he bring the he had negotiated the one hundred yards one hundred-yard figures down to 59 3-5 in 58 seconds, and after Wickham had gone seconds, but he used the trudgeon for all fifty yards in 24 3-5 seconds the stroke's distances up to the mile, proving the fallacy popularity was assured. of the belief that it was a sprinting stroke Here in America we didn't adopt the only. crawl until the fall of 1904, but we have In America the trudgeon did not become made up for lost time since. The crawl known until about 1900. To its appear fever spread like wild-fire and the way ance are probably due the sterling per- sprinting records were slaughtered was a formances of E. C. Schaeffer. Not only revelation. Jack Lawrence, George Van did he win all five of the classic national Cleaf, Bud Goodwin and Ted Kitching championships of 1902 with it, but he tore were the ones who first succeeded in lower- down every record in sight, proving him- ing standing marks with it, but hundreds self the best all 'round swimmer America adopted it and not a case is known in which had ever produced. it did not bring an increase of speed. After Schaeffer came Harry Lemoyne, The old cry of “fake stroke, only good of the Brookline Swimming Club, who for short sprints," was raised again, of covered one hundred yards in 61 2-5 sec course, as soon as it was shown in public, onds with it and gave rise to the hope that but it did not take long to silence it. we would soon overtake England in the Kitching managed to hold it for one hun- sprints. Next was Charles Ruberl, of the dred yards, Goodwin covered two hundred New York Athletic Club, who took almost and twenty first and then the four hundred every championship in 1903; and finally and forty with it, and then out came H. J. his clubmate, C. M. Daniels, who may well Handy of Chicago in the outdoor cham- be looked upon as the best American ex pionships and negotiated both the half ponent of the trudgeon. Although Daniels mile and mile with it. now uses the crawl for sprinting he has made That the crawl is the only stroke of the most of his records with the trudgeon, and future is believed by many. Otto Wahle, from a hundred yards to a mile no standards our leading light in matters aquatic, fore- were proof against him while he swam it. told it from its first appearance. “Mark And now to the crawl, the stroke of the my words,” he said to me during the winter future. It had a peculiar origin and is of 1904, “the crawl has come to stay, and really the fruit of chance, rather than of it is the only stroke worth bothering about. study. Some years ago a fifty-yard race Let's take it up seriously and study it care- was arranged at Sydney, N. S. W., be- fully; in a few years' time there will be no tween Tums Cavill, a member of the fa- place in racing for those who don't swim mous family of swimmers, and Syd. Davis. it, and if we want to hold our lead we must To equalize the chances Cavill had agreed make every one of our boys adopt it.” In to swim with legs tied. Notwithstanding the light of later developments his words this, he won easily, only to go down to de sound prophetic. In the great carnival feat, later, after his feet had been untied. held at the New York Athletic Club last This led to a deal of comment, of course, February, when records fell by the score, until some time trials demonstrated be it was noticed that almost to a man the yond a doubt that Tums could really swim fifty-yarders swam the crawl, and that the fifty yards faster without the use of his legs. three fastest hundred-yarders, Daniels, Dick Cavill, who saw race and trials, nat Schwartz and Leary, also used it. The urally concluded that the leg drive must two former also held it over most of the be defective, and he began some quiet ex two hundred and twenty yards, and in all periments with the straight-legged kick three of these events the standards were used by the natives of Colombo and in lowered. The work of our swimmers in troduced into competition by Alex. Wick the tournament showed conclusively that ham, a colored lad from Rubiana. we are advancing irresistibly toward the The experiments were unexpectedly suc time when America will be the foremost cessful, and after Cavill had found an arm country of the world in aquatics, and that motion that would harmonize with the it is by the crawl stroke that we will ac- kick he progressed rapidly. Before long complish this. HOMER TRIES A REST CURE BY SEWELL FORD ILLUSTRATED BY MAY WILSON PRESTON AY, I've been mixed up in some dizzy doin's along the grub track, but I S guess this last turn of mine gets the decision. If I had to give it a name I'd call it “Plug- gin' a Leak, though Mr. Dodge, he holds out for "The Revised Odyssey.” But then, Dodge is great on fancy names anyway, and I don't see where this one comes in. It was a heap more than odd, this stunt of ours. Mr. Leonidas Dodge — that's how it shows up on the event card—he rung me into this. I wouldn't have picked it up by myself any more than I'd have broke into the Salvation Army. Trainin' comers to go against the champs is my reg'lar pro- fession, and I've handled some good men, too. Why, say, there's been times when I could flash a wad as big as a bookie's. But the day I met up with Leonidas wasn't one of them times. I'd been up against it for two months when some one passes me the word that Butterfly was down to win the third race at 15 to 1. Now as a general thing I don't monkey with the ponies, but when I figured up what a few saw-bucks would do for me at those odds I makes for the track and takes the high dive. After it was all over and I was comin' back in the train, with only a ticket where my roll had been, me feelin' about as gay as a Zulu on a cake of ice, along comes this Mr. Dodge, that I didn't know from next Tuesday week. “Is it as bad as that?” says he, sizin' up the woe on my face. “Because if it is they ought to give you a pension. What was the horse?” "Butterfly,” says I. "Now laugh!" "I've got a right to,” says he. “I had the same dope." Well, you see, that made us almost sec- ond cousins by marriage and we started to get acquainted. I looked him over care- ful, but I couldn't place him within a mile. He had points enough, too. The silk hat was a veteran, the Prince Albert dated back about four seasons, but the gray gaiters were down to the minute. Being an easy talker, he might have been a book agent or a green goods distributer. But somehow his eyes didn't seem shifty enough for a crook, and no con. man would have lasted long wearing the kind of hair that he did. It was sort of a lemon yellow, and he had a lip decoration about two shades lighter, taggin' him as plain as an “inspected” label on a tin trunk. “I'm a mitt juggler,” says I, “and they call me Shorty McCabe. What's your line?” “I've heard of you,” he says. “Permit me," and he hands out a pasteboard that read: LEONIDAS MACKLIN DODGE Commissioner-at-Large “For what?” says I. “It all depends," says Mr. Dodge. “Sometimes I call it a brass polisher, then again it's a tooth paste. It works well either way. Also it cleans silver, removes grease spots, and can be used for a shaving soap. It is a product of my own lab'ra- tory, none genuine without the signature." “How does it go as a substitute for beef and?” says I. “I've never quite come to that,” says he, “but I'm as close now as it's com- fortable to be. My gold reserve counts up about a dollar thirty-nine." 578 Homer Tries a Rest Cure 579 “You've got me beat by a whole dollar," three rooms, for single gents only. Course, says I. we hadn't no more call to go there than to “Then,” says he, “you'd better let me the Stock Exchange, but Leonidas Mack- underwrite your next issue.” lin, he's one of the kind that don't wait “There's a friend of mine up to Forty- for cards. Seein' the front door open and second Street that ought to be good for a crowd of men in the hall, he blazes right fifty,” says I. in, silk hat on the back of his head, hands “I've had lots of friendships, off and in his pockets, and me close behind with on,” says he, “but never one that I could the bag. cash in at a pinch. I'll stay by until you “What's up; auction, row or accident?” try your touch.” says he to one of the mob. Well, the Forty-second Street man had Now if it had been me that butted in been gone a month. There was others like that I'd had a row on my hands in I might have tried, but I didn't like to about two minutes, but in less time than risk gettin' my fingers frost-bitten. So I that Leonidas knows the whole story and hooks up with Leonidas and we goes out is right to home. Taking me behind a with a grip full of Electrico-Polisho, hittin' hand-made palm, he puts me next. Seems the places where they had nickel-plated that some one had advertised in a mornin' signs and brass hand rails. And say! I paper for a refined, high-browed person to could starve to death doin' that. Give me help one of the same kind kill time at a a week and two pairs of shoes and I might big salary. sell a box or so; but Dodge, he takes an 'And look what he gets,” says Leonidas, hour to work his side of the block and wavin' his hand at the push. “There's shakes out a fist full of quarters. more'n a hundred of 'em, and not more'n “It's an art,” says he, “which one must a dozen that you couldn't trace back to a be born to. After this you carry the grip.” Mills hotel. 'They've been jawing away That's the part I was playin' when we for an hour, trying to settle who gets the strikes the Tuscarora. Sounds like a par cinch. The chap who did the advertising lor car, don't it? But it was just one of is inside there, in the middle of that bunch, those swell bachelor joints-fourteen sto and I reckon he wishes he hadn't. As ries, electric elevators, suites of two and an act of charity, Shorty, I'm going to Maylwelson Preston 6 "This gentleman is a wholly disinterested party, and he's a particular friend of mine." 580 The Outing Magazine straighten things out for him. Come was telling him how he'd won the piano on." at a church raffle: “Don't say a word; “Better call up the reserves,” says I. to-morrow at ten." They all got the same, But that wa'n't Mr. Dodge's style. even to the Hickey-boy shoulder pat as he Side-steppin' around to the off edge of passed 'em out, and every last one 'em the crowd, just as if he'd come down from faded away trying to keep from lookin' the elevator, he calls out good and loud: tickled to death. It took twenty minutes "Now then, gentlemen; one side, please, by the watch. one side! Ah, thank you! In a moment, “Now, Mr. Fales," says Leonidas, comin' now, gentlemen, we'll get down to busi to a parade rest in front of the chair, “next ness. time you want to play Santa Claus to the And say, they opened up for us like it unemployed I'd advise you to hire Madi- was pay day and he had the cash box. son Square Garden to receive in." We brought up before the saddest-lookin' That seemed to put a little life into cuss I ever saw out of bed. I couldn't Homer. He hitched himself up off'n the make out whether he was sick, or scared, middle of his backbone, pulled in a yard or both. He had flopped in a big leather or two of long legs and pried his eyes open. chair and was tryin' to wave 'em away You couldn't call him handsome and prove with both hands, while about two dozen, it. He had one of those long, two-by-four lookin' like ex-bath rubbers or men nurses, faces, with more nose than chin, and a pair were telling him how good they were and of inset eyes that seemed built to look for shovin' references at him. The rest of the grief. The corners of his mouth were gang was trying to push in for their whack. sagged, and his complexion made you think It was a bad mess, but Leonidas wasn't of cheese pie. But he was still alive. feazed a bit. “You've overlooked one,” says he, and “Attention, gentlemen!” says he. “If points my way. “He wouldn't do at all. you will all retire to the room on the left Send him off, too." we will get to work. The room on the "That's where you're wrong, Mr. Fales," left, gentlemen, on the left!” says Leonidas. “This gentleman is a He had a good voice, Leonidas did, one wholly disinterested party, and he's a of the kind that could go against a merry particular friend of mine. Professor Mc- go-round or a German band. The crowd Cabe, let me introduce Mr. Homer stopped pushin' to listen, then some one Fales.” made a break for the next room, and in So I came to the front and gave Homer's less than a minute they were all in there, flipper a little squeeze that must have done with the door shut between. Mr. Dodge him as much good as an electric treatment, tips me the wink and sails over to the by the way he squirmed. specimen in the chair. “If you ever feel ambitious for a little “You're Mr. Homer Fales, I take it," six-ounce glove exercise," says 1, "just let me know. "I am," says the pale one, breathing “Thanks,” says he, “thanks very much. hard, “and who—who the devil are you?” But I'm an invalid, you see. In fact, I'm “That's neither here nor there,” says a very sick man." Leonidas. "Just now I'm a life-boat. Do “About three rounds a' day would put you want to hire any of those fellows? If you on your feet,” says I. “There's noth- in' like it.” “No, no, no!” says Homer, shakin' as He kind of shuddered and turned to if he had a chill. “Send them all away, Leonidas. “You are certain that those will you? They have nearly killed me." men will not return, are you?” says he. “Away they go, says Leonidas. “Not before to-morrow at ten. You “Watch me do it.” can be out then, you know,” says Mr. First he has me go in with his hat and Dodge. collect their cards. Then I calls 'em out, "To-morrow at ten!” says Homer, and one by one, while he stands by to give slumps again, all in a heap. “Oh, this is each one the long-lost brother grip and awful!” he groans. “I couldn't survive whisper in his ear, as confidential as if he another!” says he. SO ” Homer Tries a Rest Cure 581 excuse. it that way. was. It was the worst case of funk I ever saw. He gave us a diagram of exactly the kind We put in an hour trying to brace him up, of man he wanted, and from his plans and but not until we'd promised to stay by specifications we figured out that what over night could we get him to breathe Homer was looking for was a cross between deep. Then he was as grateful as if we'd a galley slave and a he-angel, some one who pulled him out of the river. We half lugs would know just what he wanted before him over to the elevator and takes him up he did, and be ready to hand it out when- to his quarters. It wasn't any cheap hang ever called for. And he was game to pay out, either-nothing but silk rugs on the the price, whatever it might be. floor and parlor furniture all over the shop. “You see,” says Homer, "whenever We had dinner served up there, and it was make the least exertion, or undergo the a feed to dream about-oysters, ruddy slightest excitement, it aggravates the duck, filly of beef with mushrooms, and leak.” all the frills—while Homer worries along I'd seen lots who ducked all kinds of ex- on a few toasted crackers and a cup of ertion, but mighty few with so slick an weak tea. It would have done me good to As Leonidas and me does the anti-famine have said so, but Leonidas didn't look at act Homer unloads his hard-luck wheeze. He was a sympathizer from He was the best sample of an all-round headquarters; seemed to like nothin' bet- invalid I ever stacked up against. He ter'n to hear Homer tell how bad off he didn't go in for no half-way business; it was neck or nothing with him. He wasn't "What you need, Fales," says Leonidas, on the hospital list one day and humping “is the country, the calm, peaceful coun- the bumps the next. He was what you try. I know a nice, quiet little place, might call a consistent sufferer. about a hundred miles from here, that 'It's my heart mostly,” says he. “I think there's a leak in one of the valves. The doctors lay it to nerves, some of them, but I'm certain about the leak.” “Why not call in a plumber?" says I. But you couldn't chirk him up that way. He'd believed in that leaky heart of his for years. It was his stock in trade. As near as I could make out he'd begun being an invalid about the time he should have been hunting a job, and he'd always had some one to back him up in it until about two months before we met him. First it was his mother, and when she gave out his old maid sister took her turn. Her name was Joyphena. He told us all about her; how she used to fan him when he was hot, wrap him up when he was cold, and read to him when she couldn't think of anything else to do. But one day Joyphena was thoughtless enough to go off somewhere and quit living. You could see that Homer wouldn't ever quite forgive her for that. It was when Homer tried to find a sub- stitute for Joyphena that his troubles be- gan. He'd had all kinds of nurses, but the good ones wouldn't stay and the bad ones he'd fired. He'd tried valets, too, but none of 'em seemed to suit. Then he got des- perate and wrote out that ad. that brought "All she wanted was to make Homer wrap a shawl the mob down on him. around his head to keep out the night air.' May eren Presti 582 The Outing Magazine would just suit you, and if you say the shoved him up to a table where there was word I'll ship you off down there early to a hungry man's layout of clam fritters, morrow morning. I'll give you a letter to canned corn, boiled potatoes and hot mince an old lady who'll take care of you better pie. than four trained nurses. She has brought There wasn't any use for Homer to regis- half a dozen children through all kinds of ter a kick on the bill-of-fare. She was too sickness, from measles to broken necks, busy tellin' him how much good the things and she's never quite so contented as when would do him, and how he must eat a lot she's trotting around waiting on somebody. or she'd feel bad, to listen to any remarks I stopped there once when I was a little of his about toasted crackers. For supper hoarse from a cold, and before she'd let me there was fried fish, apple sauce and hot go to bed she made me drink a bowl of gin biscuit, and Homer had to take his share. ger tea, soak my feet in hot mustard water, He was glad to go to bed early. She didn't and bind a salt pork poultice around my object to that. neck. If you'd just go down there you'd Mother Bickell's house was right in the both be happy. What do you say?" middle of the town, with a grocery store on Homer was doubtful. He'd never lived one side and the post-office on the other. much in the country and was afraid it Homer had a big front room with three wouldn't agree with his leak. But early windows on Main Street. There was a in the morning he was up wantin' to know strip of plank sidewalk in front of the house, more about it. He'd begun to think of so that you didn't miss any footfalls. that mob of snap hunters that was booked Mother Bickell could tell who was goin' by to show up again at ten o'clock, and it without lookin'. made him nervous. Before breakfast was Leonidas and me put in the evening over he was willing to go almost anywhere, hearin' her tell about some of the things only he was dead set that me and Leonidas that had happened to her oldest boy. He'd should trail along, too. So there we were, had a whirl out of most everything but an with Homer on our hands. earthquake. After that we had an account Well, we packed a trunk for him, called of how she'd buried her two husbands. a cab, and got him loaded on a parlor car. About ten o'clock we started for bed, About every so often he'd clap his hands to droppin' in to take a look at Homer. He his side and groan: “Oh, my heart! My was sittin' up, wide awake and lookin' poor heart!” It was as touchin' as the worried. heroine's speeches to the top gallery. On “How many people are there in this the way down Leonidas gave us a bird's town?” says he. eye view of the kind of Jim Crow settlement “About a thousand,” says Leonidas. we were heading for. It was one of those “Why?" places where they date things back to the “Then they have all marched past my time when Lem Saunders fell down cellar windows twice,” says Homer. with a lamp and set the house afire. “Shouldn't wonder,” says Leonidas. The town looked it. There was an ag “They've just been to the post-office and gregation of three men, two boys and a back again. They do that four times a yellow dog in sight on Main Street when we day. But you mustn't mind. Just you landed. We'd wired ahead, so the old lady thank your stars you're down here where was ready for us. Leonidas called her it's nice and quiet. Now I'd go to sleep if “Mother" Bickell. She was short, about I was you. as thick through as a sugar barrel, and Homer said he would. I was ready to wore two kinds of hair, the front frizzes tear off a few yards of repose myself, but bein' a lovely chestnut. But she was a somehow I couldn't connect. It was quiet, nice-spoken old girl, and when she found all right — in spots. Fact is, it was so out that we'd brought along a genuine blamed quiet that you could hear every invalid with a leak in his blood pump, she rooster that crowed within half a mile. If almost fell on our necks. In about two a man on the other side of town shut a win- shakes she'd hustled Homer into a rocking dow you knew all about it. chair, wedged him in place with pillows, I was gettin' there, though, and was al- wrapped a blanket around his feet, and most up to the droppin'-off place, when Homer Tries a Rest Cure 583 “I was, an some folks in a back room on the next street “Yes, and he'll tell you it was just be- begins to indulge in a family argument. I fore Thanksgivin' of '85, so what's the didn't pay much notice to the preamble, use?” says the old lady but as they warmed up to it I couldn't help “We'll see what he says,” growls the old from gettin' the drift. It was all about the man, and I heard him strike a light and get time of year that a feller by the name of into his shoes. Hen Dorsett had been run over by the cars "Who're you bettin' on?" says Leonidas. up to Jersey City. “Gee!" says I. "Are you awake, too? "I say it was just before Thanksgivin', I thought you was asleep an hour ago.” pipes up the old lady. "I know, 'cause I says he, “but when this Hen was into the butcher's askin' what turkeys Dorsett debate breaks loose I came back would be likely to fetch, when Doc Brews to earth. I'll gamble that the old woman's water drops in and says: "Mornin', Eph. right.” Heard about Hen Dorsett?' And then he "The old man's mighty positive,” says told about him fallin' under the cars. So 1. “Wonder how long it ’ll be before we it must have been get the returns?" just afore Thanks- “Perhaps half givin'.” hour," says "Thanksgivin' Leonidas. "He'll yer grandmother!" have to thrash it growls the old all out with Ase man. “It was in before he starts March, along the back. We might second week, I as well sit up and should say, be- wait. Anyway 1 cause the day ! want to see which heard of it was LF (1177*%84 gets the best of just after school 1 muna it.” election. March “Let's have a of '83, that's when d. smoke, then," it was. "Eighty-three!" "Why not go squeals the old along with the old lady. “Are you man?" says L.eon- losin' your mind idas. “If he finds altogether? It was he's wrong he may '85, the year Jim- Ball come back and lie my cut his hand may whom Preston about it." so bad at the saw- .-'It's right over in this section,' says he, wavin' his lantern." Well, it was a mill." fool thing to do, "Jimmy wasn't workin' at the mill that when you think about it, but somehow Leon- year,” raps back the old man. “He was idas had a way of lookin' at things that was tongin' oysters that fall, 'cause he didn't different from other folks. He didn't know hear a word about Hen until the next Fri any more about that there Hen Dorsett than day night, when I told him myself. Hen I did, but he seemed just as keen as if it was was killed on a Monday.” all in the family. We had hustled our “It was on a Saturday or I'm a lunatic,” clothes on and was sneakin' down the front snaps the old lady. stairs as easy as we could when we hears Well, they kept on pilin' up evidence, from Homer. each one makin' the other out to be a fool, “I heard you dressing,” says he, “so I or a liar, or both, until the old man says: got up, too. I haven't been asleep yet. “See here, Maria, I'm goin' up the street “Then come along with us,” says Leoni- and ask Ase Horner when it was that Hen das. “It'll do you good. We're only go- Dorsett was killed. Ase knows, for he was ing up the street to find out when it was the one Mrs. Dorsett got to go up after that the cars struck Hen Dorsett.” Hen." Homer didn't savvy, but he didn't care. اور (13) says I. 584 The Outing Magazine up after us. Mainly he wanted comp’ny. He whispered to us to go easy, suspectin' that if we woke up Mother Bickell she'd want to feed him some more clam fritters. By the time we'd unlocked the front door, though, she was after us, but all she wanted was to make Homer wrap a shawl around his head to keep out the night air. “And don't you dare take it off until you get back," says she. Homer was glad to get away so easy and said he wouldn't. But he was a sight, lookin' like a Turk with a sore throat. The old man had routed Ase Horner out by the time we got there, and they was havin' it hot and heavy. Ase said it wasn't either November nor March when he went up after Hen Dorsett, but the middle of October. He knew because he'd just begun shinglin' his kitchen and the line storm came along before he got it finished. More'n that, it was in '84, for that was the year he ran for sheriff. “See here, gentlemen,” says Leonidas, “isn't it possible to find some official record of this sad tragedy? You'll excuse us, be- ing strangers, for takin' a hand, but there don't seem to be much show of our getting any sleep until this thing is settled. Be- sides, I'd like to know myself. Now let's go to the records." “I'm ready," says Ase. “If this thick- headed old idiot here don't think I can re- member back a few years, why, I'm willing to stay up all night to show him. Let's go to the County Clerk's and make him open “Of course there is!” says Ase Horner. “Why didn't we think of that first off? I'll get a lantern and we'll go up and read the date on the headstun.' There was six of us lined for the ceme- tery, the three natives jawin' away as to who was right and who wasn't. Every little ways some one would hear the racket, throw up a window, and chip in. Most of 'em asked us to wait until they could dress and join the procession. Before we'd gone half a mile it looked like a torchlight par- ade. The bigger the crowd got, the faster the recruits fell in. Folks didn't stop to ask any questions. They just jumped into their clothes, grabbed lanterns and piked There was men and women and children, not to mention a good many dogs. Every one was jabberin' away, some askin' what it was all about and the rest tryin' to explain. There must have been a good many wild guesses, for I heard one old feller in the rear rank squallin' out: “Re- member, neighbors, nothin'rash, now; nothin' rash!” I couldn't figure out just what they meant by that at the time; but then, the whole business didn't seem any too sensi- ble, so I didn't bother. On the way up I'd sort of fell in with the constable. He couldn't get any one else to listen to him, and as he had a lot of unused conversation on hand I let him spiel it off at me. Leoni- das and Homer were ahead with Ase Hor- ner and the old duffer that started the row, and the debate was still goin' on. When we got to the cemetery Homer dropped out and leaned up against the gate, sayin' he'd wait there for us. We piled after Ase, who'd made a dash to get to the headstone first. “It's right over in this section,” says he, wavin' his lantern, “and I want all of you to come and see that I know what I'm talk- ing about when I give out dates. I want to show you, by ginger, that I've got a mem’ry that's better'n' any diary ever wrote. Here we are now! Here's the grave and—well, durn my eyes! Blessed if there's any sign of a headstun here!” And there wa’n’t, either. “By jinks!” says the old constable, slappin' his leg. “That's one on me, boys. Why, Lizzie Dorsett told me only last week that her mother had the stun took up and sent away to have the name of her second up.” vas So we started, all five of us, just as the town clock struck twelve. We hadn't gone more'n a block, though, before we met a whiskered old relic stumpin' along with a stick in his hand. He was the police force, it seems. Course, he wanted to know what was up, and when he found out, he ready to make affidavit that Hen had been killed some time in August of '81. “Wa’n't I one of the pall bearers?” says he. “And hadn't I just drawn my back pension and paid off the mortgage on my place, eh? No use routin' out the Clerk to ask such a fool question; and anyways, he ain't to home, come to think of it.” “If you'll permit me to suggest, says Leonidas, "there ought to be all the evi- dence needed right in the cemetery.” Homer Tries a Rest Cure 585 ) husband cut on't. Only last week she told me, and here I'd clean forgot it. “You're an old billy goat!” says Ase Horner. “There, there!” says Leonidas, soothing him down. “We've all enjoyed the walk, anyway, and maybe—” But just then he hears something that makes him prick up his ears. “What's the row back there at the gate?” he asks. Then, turnin' to me, he says: "Shorty, where's Homer?” “Down there,” says I. “Then come along on the jump,” says he. “If there's any trouble lying around loose he'll get into it.” Down by the gate we could see lanterns by the dozen and we could hear all sorts of yells and excitement, so we makes our move on the double. Just as we fetched the gate some one hollers: “There he goes! Lynch the villain!" We sees a couple of long legs strike out, and gets a glimpse of a head wrapped up in a shawl. It was Homer, all right, and he had the gang after him. He took a four- foot fence at a hurdle and was streakin' off through a plowed field into the dark. “Hi, Fales!” sings out Leonidas. "Come back here, you chump!" But Homer kept right on. Maybe he didn't hear, and perhaps he was too scared to stop if he did. All we could do was to get into the free-for-all with the others. “What did he do?” yells Leonidas at a sandy-whiskered man who carried a clothes line and was shoutin', "Lynch him! Lynch him!” between jumps. “Do!” says the heard? Why, he choked Mother. Bickell to death and robbed her of seventeen dol- lars. He's wearin' her shawl now.” As near as we could make out, the thing happened like this: When the tail enders came rushin' up with all kinds of wild yarns about robbers and such they catches sight of Homer, leanin' up in the shadow of the gate. Some one holds a lantern up to his face and an old woman spots the shawl. "It's Mother Bickell's," says she. . “Where did he get it?” That was enough. They went for Ho- mer like he'd set fire to a synagogue. Homer tried to tell 'em who he was, and about his heart, but he talked too slow, or his voice wa'n't strong enough; and when they began to plan on yankin' him up then and there, without printin' his picture in the paper, or a trial, he heaves up a yell and lights out for the boarding-house. Ten hours before I wouldn't have matched Homer against a one-legged man, but the way he was gettin' over the ground then was worth the price of admission. I've done a little track work myself, and Leonidas didn't show up for any glue-foot, but Homer would have made the tape ahead of us for any distance under two miles. He'd cleared the crowd and was back into the road again, travelin' wide and free, with the shawl streamin' out be- hind and the nearest avenger two blocks behind us, when out jumps a Johnny-on- the-spot citizen and gives him the low tackle. He was a pussy, bald-headed little duffer, this citizen chap, and not be- in' used to blockin' runs he goes down underneath. Before they could untangle we comes up, snakes Homer off the top of the heap, and skiddoos for all we has left in us. By the time that crowd of jay-hawkers comes boomin' down to Mother Bickell's to view the remains we had the old girl up and settin' at the front window with a light behind her. They asked each other a lot of foolish questions and then concluded to man. “Ain't you go home. While things was quietin' down we were making a grand rush to get Homer into bed before he passed in altogether. Neither Leonidas nor me looked fo to last more'n an hour or two after that stunt, and we were thinkin' of taking him back in a 586 The Outing Magazine box. But after he got his breath he didn't "How far was it that I ran last night, say much except that he was plumb tired. Mr. Dodge?" says he. We were still wonderin' whether to send “About a mile and a half,' says Leoni- for a doctor or the coroner when he rolls das, stating it generous. “And it was as over with his face to the wall and goes good amateur sprinting as I ever saw. to sleep as comfortable as a kitten in a Homer cracked the first smile I'd seen basket. him tackle and pulled up to the table. It was the middle of the forenoon before "I'm beginning to think,” says he, "that any of us shows up for breakfast. We'd there can't be much of a leak in my heart, inspected Homer once, about eight o'clock, after all. When we get back to town to- and found him still sawin' wood, so we night, Mr. McCabe, we'll have another talk didn't try to get him up. But just as I was about those boxing lessons. Eggs? Yes, openin' my second egg down he comes, thank you, Mrs. Bickell; about four, soft. walkin' a little stiff, but otherwise as good And by the way, Dodge, what was the date as ever, if not better. on that gravestone, anyway?" A SONG OF SUN AND SUMMER BY ELIZABETH ROBERTS MACDONALD Now shimmering waves of fairy bloom Across the meadows break and run, And all the good brown earth is glad Beneath the glory of the sun. In bubbles blown of crystal sound The tinkling bird-notes ring and fall, And silvery echoes answer clear · When summer's elfin bugles call. Through sheen and shadow, flower and song, The halcyon hours uncounted fly, While height on height above us lifts An azure miracle of sky. A COURIER FROM THE NORTH BY ERNEST RUSSELL A T irregular intervals in each twelve Or if it is autumn which witnesses the month appears in my daily packet coming of this message from the North, of letters an envelope whose un how surely my imagination responds to heralded arrival commands my instant at its magic influence! Not Aladdin's lamp tention. Consideration of its contents takes could more clearly visualize the brilliant precedence over the morning paper, side carpet of the trail, the cleft footprint in tracks important correspondence, oblit the moss, the thin column of pale blue erates the world of business. Its coming smoke that marks the “home camp.” signalizes an event. It contains a letter Under the influence of this mere bit of from my guide. paper I hear again the weird and solitary The form in which it appears is as erratic laughter of the loon, the suck of mocca- as the period which separates it from its sined feet on the portage, the whistle of predecessor. It varies in shape and size ducks' wings overhead, the echo of the from the oblong to the square, in color moose call through a silent forest. from dead white or "cream-laid” to the If the mere presence of this vagrant vis- most fashionable dark blue. The only fea itor be so potent and so productive of tures of its appearance which remain con delightful memories, how immeasurably stant and invariable are the bright-hued greater are the effects of its perusal. And stamp of Canada and the labored, penciled here, for clearer understanding of my scrawl which guides its travels to my desk. musings, let me spread before you in its It is seldom spotless and the line of the entirety the impelling cause: gummed flap upon the back is usually “Yours Just to hand finds all in good marked by the pressure of strong and not helth and glad to kno your famly Enjoy over-clean hands. Yet the eye which notes the same Grate blesing i went away the 2 these familiar characteristics of outward day of Sept and Come hoam Last night we appearance is not unkindly critical. It went in by the planes with the ox team understands. It is appreciative. sech goin it hed raned a hole week but The attitude of mind which accom clered Cool and cam the 5 Wensday i Called panies the opening of this important com 2 Big Bulls in the midell of the big Boug munication is a study in itself and varies Boath come up the Same time and the man with the season which looks upon its com from Boston Shot 6 Shots at the Boath as ing. If it is spring there surges through they went away unharmed i hed promis a gladly wakened memory the rush of not to Shoot they was a yung Bull squelin swollen waters, the smell of moist earth and Round the camp all Nite we follered the the faint perfume of flowers. There leap nine mile redge and picked up the Canoe on into present reality the dash of the canoe fraser stream Where you Ketched the fore through quick water, the ecstasy of the Pounder we made the long portage sunday successful cast, the apparition of the star and see Big tracks all the way i never see tled moose around the bend. Through it all, so mutch bear Works on the riges i seen i elusive, evanescent, not detracting from the he was in a hury next spring i will tend to glow of retrospect, throbs the hum of insects, them the Carbou hes moved agen Thursday sifts in the pungent odor of the smudge, we wus to the burnt lands near the uper patters the thin rain upon the canvas. camp i Called a ole Stager up to 20 paces i 587 For like a butterfly blown far to sea." Painting by William G. Krieghoff. 10 12 WHITE FANG* BY JACK LONDON ILLUSTRATED BY FRANK E. SCHOONOVER PART IV.-THE SUPERIOR GODS THE ENEMY OF HIS KIND H CHAPTER I One cannot violate the promptings of one's nature without having that nature recoil upon itself. Such a recoil is like AD there been in White Fang's na that of a hair, made to grow out from the ture any possibility, no matter body, turning unnaturally upon the direc- how remote, of his ever coming tion of its growth and growing into the to fraternize with his kind, such possibility body-a rankling, festering thing of hurt. was irretrievably destroyed when he was And so with White Fang. Every urge of made leader of the sled-team. For now his being impelled him to spring upon the the dogs hated him—hated him for the pack that cried at his heels, but it was the extra meat bestowed upon him by Mit-sah; will of the gods that this should not be; hated him for all the real and fancied favors and behind the will, to enforce it, was the he received; hated him for that he fled whip of cariboo-gut with its biting thirty- .always at the head of the team, his waving foot lash. So White Fang could only eat brush of a tail and his perpetually retreat his heart in bitterness and develop a hạtred ing hind-quarters forever maddening their and malice commensurate with the ferocity eyes. and indomitability of his nature. And White Fang just as bitterly hated If ever a creature was the enemy of its them back. Being sled leader was any kind, White Fang was that creature. He thing but gratifying to him. To be com asked no quarter, gave none. He was con- pelled to run away before the yelling pack, tinually marred and scarred by the teeth every dog of which, for three years, he had of the pack, and as continually he left his thrashed and mastered, was almost more own marks upon the pack. Unlike most than he could endure. But endure it he leaders, who, when camp was made and must, or perish, and the life that was in the dogs were unhitched, huddled near to him had no desire to perish. The moment the gods for protection, White Fang dis- Mit-sah gave his order for the start, that dained such protection. He walked boldly moment the whole team, with eager, sav about the camp, inflicting punishment in age cries, sprang forward at White Fang. the night for what he had suffered in the There was no defense for him. If he day. In the time before he was made turned upon them, Mit-sah would throw leader of the team, the pack had learned to the stinging lash of the whip into his face. get out of his way. But now it was differ- Only remained to him to run away. He ent. Excited by the day-long pursuit of could not encounter that howling horde him, swayed subconsciously by the insist- with his tail and hind-quarters. These ent iteration on their brains of the sight were scarcely fit weapons with which to of him fleeing away, mastered by the feel- meet the many merciless fangs. So run ing of mastery enjoyed all day, the dogs away he did, violating his own nature and could not bring themselves to give way to pride with every leap he made, and leaping him. When he appeared amongst them all day long. there was always a squabble. His prog- * Copyright 1905 by Jack London. ress was marked by snarl and snap and 589 590 The Outing Magazine growl. The very atmosphere he breathed conflict the whole team drew together and was surcharged with hatred and malice, faced him. The dogs had quarrels among and this but served to increase the hatred themselves, but these were forgotten when and malice within him. trouble was brewing with White Fang. When Mit-sah cried out his command for On the other hand, try as they would, the team to stop, White Fang obeyed. At they could not kill White Fang. He was first this caused trouble for the other dogs. too quick for them, too formidable, too All of them would spring upon the hated wise. He avoided tight places, and al- leader only to find the tables turned. Be ways backed out when they bade fair hind him would be Mit-sah, the great whip to surround him. While as for getting stinging in his hand. So the dogs came to him off his feet, there was no dog among understand that when the team stopped them capable of doing the trick. His feet by order, White Fang was to be let alone. clung to the earth with the same tenacity But when White Fang stopped without that he clung to life. For that matter, orders, then it was allowed them to spring life and footing were synonymous in this upon him and destroy him if they could. unending warfare with the pack, and none After several experiences, White Fang knew it better than White Fang. never stopped without orders. He learned So he became the enemy of his kind, quickly. It was in the nature of things domesticated wolves that they were, soft- that he must learn quickly, if he were to ened by the fires of man, weakened in the survive the unusually severe conditions sheltering shadow of man's strength. White under which life was vouchsafed him. Fang was bitter and implacable. The clay But the dogs could never learn the lesson of him was so molded. He declared a ven- to leave him alone in camp. Each day, detta against all dogs. And so terribly did pursuing him and crying defiance at him, he live this vendetta that Gray Beaver, the lesson of the previous night was erased, fierce savage himself, could not but mar- and that night would have to be learned vel at White Fang's ferocity. Never, he over again, to be as immediately forgotten. swore, had there been the like of this Besides, there was a greater consistence in animal; and the Indians in strange villages their dislike of him. They sensed between swore likewise when they considered the themselves and him a difference of kind tale of his killings amongst their dogs. cause sufficient in itself for hostility. Like When White Fang was nearly five years him, they were domesticated wolves. But old, Gray Beaver took him on another they had been domesticated for genera great journey, and long remembered was tions. Much of the Wild had been lost, so the havoc he worked amongst the dogs of that to them the Wild was the unknown, the many villages along the Mackenzie, the terrible, the ever-menacing and ever across the Rockies, and down the Porcu- warring. But to him, in appearance and pine to the Yukon. He reveled in the action and impulse, still clung the Wild. vengeance he wreaked upon his kind. He symbolized it, was its personification; They were ordinary, unsuspecting dogs. so that when they showed their teeth to They were not prepared for his swiftness him they were defending themselves against and directness, for his attack without warn- the powers of destruction that lurked in ing. They did not know him for what he the shadows of the forest and in the dark was, a lightning-flash of slaughter. They beyond the camp fire. bristled up to him, stiff-legged and chal- But there was one lesson the dogs did lenging, while he, wasting no time on elab- learn, and that was to keep together. orate preliminaries, snapping into action White Fang was too terrible for any of like a steel spring, was at their throats and them to face single-handed. They met destroying them before they knew what him with the mass-formation, otherwise was happening and while they were yet in he would have killed them, one by one, in the throes of surprise. a night. As it was, he never had a chance He became an adept at fighting. He to kill them. He might roll a dog off its economized. He never wasted his strength, feet, but the pack would be upon him be never tussled. He was in too quickly for fore he could follow up and deliver the that, and, if he missed, was out again too deadly throat-stroke. At the first hint of quickly. The dislike of the wolf for close White Fang 591 quarters was his to an unusual degree. He Rockies. Then, after the break-up of the could not endure a prolonged contact with ice on the Porcupine, he had built a canoe another body. It smacked of danger. It and paddled down that stream to where it made him frantic. He must be away, effected its junction with the Yukon just free, on his own legs, touching no living under the Arctic Circle. Here stood the thing. It was the Wild still clinging to old Hudson's Bay Company fort; and here him, asserting itself through him. This were many Indians, much food, and un- feeling had been accentuated by the Ish precedented excitement. It was the sum- maelite life he had led from his puppyhood. mer of 1898, and thousands of gold-hunters Danger lurked in contacts. It was the were going up the Yukon to Dawson and trap, ever the trap, the fear of it lurking the Klondike. Still hundreds of miles deep in the life of him, woven into the from their goal, nevertheless many of them fiber of him. had been on the way for a year, and the In consequence the strange dogs he en least any of them had traveled to get that countered had no chance against him. He far was five thousand miles, while some had eluded their fangs. He got them, or got come from the other side of the world. away, himself untouched in either event. Here Gray Beaver stopped. A whisper In the natural course of things there were of the gold-rush had reached his ears, and exceptions to this. There were times when he had come with several bales of furs, and several dogs, pitching onto him, punished another of gut-sewn mittens and mocca- him before he could get away; and there sins. He would not have ventured so long were times when a single dog scored deeply a trip had he not expected generous profits. on him. But these were accidents. In But what he had expected was nothing to the main, so efficient a fighter had he be what he realized. His wildest dream had come, he went his way unscathed. not exceeded a hundred per cent. profit; Another advantage he possessed was he made a thousand per cent. And like a that of correctly judging time and distance. true Indian, he settled down to trade care- Not that he did this consciously, however. fully and slowly, even if it took all summer He did not calculate such things. It was and the rest of the winter to dispose of his all automatic. His eyes saw correctly, and goods. the nerves carried the vision correctly to It was at Fort Yukon that White Fang his brain. The parts of him were better saw his first white men. As compared adjusted than those of the average dog. with the Indians he had known, they were They worked together more smoothly and to him another race of beings, a race of steadily. His was a better, far better, superior gods. They impressed him as nervous, mental, and muscular co-ordina possessing superior power, and it is on tion. When his eyes conveyed to his brain power that godhead rests. White Fang the moving image of an action, his brain, did not reason it out, did not in his mind without conscious effort, knew the space make the sharp generalization that the that limited that action and the time re white gods were more powerful. It was a quired for its completion. Thus, he could feeling, nothing more, and yet none the avoid the leap of another dog, or the drive less potent. As in his puppyhood, the of its fangs, and at the same moment could looming bulks of the tepees, man-reared, seize the infinitesimal fraction of time in had affected him as manifestations of which to deliver his own attack. Body power, so was he affected now by the and brain, his was a more perfected mech houses and the huge fort, all cf massive anism. Not that he was to be praised for logs. Here was power. These white gods it. Nature had been more generous to were strong. They possessed greater mas- him than to the average animal, that was tery over matter than the gods he had all. known, most powerful among which was It was in the summer that White Fang Gray Beaver. And yet Gray Beaver was arrived at Fort Yukon. Gray Beaver had as a child-god among these white-skinned crossed the great water-shed between the ones. Mackenzie and the Yukon in the late To be sure, White Fang only felt these winter, and spent the spring in hunting things. He was not conscious of them. among the western outlying spurs of the Yet it is upon feeling, more often than White Fang 593 THE MAD GOD It is true he worked with it. He picked cution of Lip-lip and the whole puppy the quarrel with the strange dog while the pack. It might have been otherwise, and gang waited. And when he had over he would then have been otherwise. Had thrown the strange dog the gang went in to Lip-lip not existed he would have passed finish it. But it is equally true that he his puppyhood with the other puppies and then withdrew, leaving the gang to receive grown up more dog-like and with more the punishment of the outraged gods. liking for dogs. Had Gray Beaver pos- It did not require much exertion to pick sessed the plummet of affection and love, these quarrels. All he had to do, when the he might have sounded the deeps of White strange dogs came ashore, was to show Fang's nature and brought up to the sur- himself. When they saw him they rushed face all manner of kindly qualities. But for him. It was their instinct. He was these things had not been so. The clay of the Wild—the unknown, the terrible, the White Fang had been molded until he be- ever-menacing, the thing that prowled in came what he was, morose and lonely, un- the darkness around the fires of the prime loving and ferocious, the enemy of all his val world when they, cowering close to the kind. fires, were reshaping their instincts, learn- ing to fear the Wild out of which they CHAPTER II had come, and which they had deserted and betrayed. Generation by generation, down all the generations, had this fear of A small number of white men lived in the Wild been stamped into their natures. Fort Yukon. Tnese men had been long in For centuries the Wild had stood for terror the country. They called themselves Sour- and destruction. And during all this time doughs, and took great pride in so classify- free license had been theirs, from their ing themselves. For other men, new in masters, to kill the things of the Wild. In the land, they felt nothing but disdain. doing this they had protected both them The men who came ashore from the steam- selves and the gods whose companionship ers were new-comers. They were known they shared. as chechaquos, and they always wilted at And so, fresh from the soft southern the application of the name. They made world, these dogs, trotting down the gang their bread with baking-powder. This plank and out upon the Yukon shore, had was the invidious distinction between them but to see White Fang to experience the and the Sour-doughs, who, forsooth, made irresistible impulse to rush upon him and their bread from sour-dough because they destroy him. They might be town-reared had no baking-powder. dogs, but the instinctive fear of the Wild All of which is neither here nor there. was theirs just the same. Not alone with The men in the fort disdained the new- their own eyes did they see the wolfish comers, and enjoyed seeing them come creature in the clear light of day, standing to grief. Especially did they enjoy the before them. They saw him with the eyes havoc worked amongst the new-comers' of their ancestors, and by their inherited dogs by White Fang and his disreputable memory they knew White Fang for the gang. When a steamer arrived, the men wolf, and they remembered the ancient of the fort made it a point always to come feud. down to the bank and see the fun. They All of which served to make White Fang's looked forward to it with as much antici- days enjoyable. If the sight of him drove pation as did the Indian dogs, while they these strange dogs upon him, so much the were not slow to appreciate the savage and better for him, so much the worse for them. crafty part played by White Fang. They looked upon him as legitimate prey, But there was one man amongst them and as legitimate prey he looked upon who particularly enjoyed the sport. He them. would come running at the first sound of a Not for nothing had he first seen the light steamboat's whistle; and when the last of day in a lonely lair and fought his first fight was over and White Fang and the fights with the ptarmigan, the weasel and pack had scattered, he would return slowly the lynx. And not for nothing had his to the fort, his face heavy with regret. puppyhood been made bitter by the perse- Sometimes, when a soft southland dog 594 The Outing Magazine even went down, shrieking its death-cry under In short, Beauty Smith was a monstros- the fangs of the pack, this man would be ity, and the blame of it lay elsewhere. He unable to contain himself, and would leap was not responsible. The clay of him had into the air and cry out with delight. And been so molded in the making. He did always he had a sharp and covetous eye the cooking the other men in the fort, for White Fang. the dish-washing and the drudgery. They This man was called “Beauty” by the did not despise him. Rather did they other men of the fort. No one knew his tolerate him in a broad human way, as one first name, and in general he was known tolerates any creature evilly treated in the in the country as Beauty Smith. But he making. Also they feared him. His cow- was anything save a beauty. To antithe- ardly rages made them dread a shot in sis was due his naming. He was pre-emi the back or poison in their coffee. But nently unbeautiful. Nature had been nig- somebody had to do the cooking, and what- gardly with him. He was a small man to ever else his shortcomings, Beauty Smith begin with; and upon his meager frame could cook. was deposited an more strikingly This was the man that looked at White meager head. Its apex might be likened Fang, delighted in his ferocious prowess, to a point. In fact, in his boyhood, before and desired to possess him. He made he had been named Beauty by his fellows, overtures to White Fang from the first. he had been called “Pinhead." White Fang began by ignoring him. Later Backward, from the apex, his head on, when the overtures became more in- slanted down to his neck; and forward, it sistent, White Fang bristled and bared his slanted uncompromisingly to meet a low teeth and backed away. He did not like and remarkably wide forehead. Beginning the man. The feel of him was bad. He here, as though regretting her parsimony, sensed the evil in him, and feared the ex- Nature had spread his features with a tended hand and the attempts at soft- lavish hand. His eyes were large, and be spoken speech. Because of all this he tween them was the distance of two eyes. hated the man. His face, in relation to the rest of him, was With the simpler creatures, good and prodigious. In order to discover the nec bad are things simply understood. The essary area, Nature had given him an good stands for all things that bring ease- enormous prognathous jaw. It was wide ment and satisfaction and surcease from and heavy, and protruded outward and pain. Therefore, the good is liked. The down until it seemed to rest on his chest. bad stands for all things that are fraught Possibly this appearance was due to the with discomfort, menace and hurt, and is weariness of the slender neck, unable prop hated accordingly. White Fang's feel of erly to support so great a burden. Beauty Smith was bad. From the man's This jaw gave the impression of fe distorted body and twisted mind, in oc- rocious determination. But something cult ways, like mists rising from malarial lacked. Perhaps it was from excess. Per marshes, came emanations of the unhealth haps the jaw was too large. At any rate, within. Not by reasoning, not by the five it was a lie. Beauty Smith was known far senses alone, but by other and remoter and and wide as the weakest of weak-kneed uncharted senses, came the feeling to White and sniveling cowards. To complete his Fang that the man was ominous with evil, description, his teeth were large and yel- pregnant with hurtfulness, and therefore low, while the two eye-teeth, larger than a thing bad, and wisely to be hated. their fellows, showed under his lean lips White Fang was in Gray Beaver's camp like fangs. His eyes were yellow and when Beauty Smith first visited it. At the muddy, as though Nature had run short faint sound of his distant feet, before he on pigments and squeezed together the came in sight, White Fang knew who was dregs of all her tubes. It was the same coming and began to bristle. He had been with his hair, sparse and irregular of growth, lying down in an abandon of comfort, but muddy-yellow and dirty-yellow, rising on he arose quickly, and, as the man arrived, his head and sprouting out of his face in slid away in true wolf fashion to the edge unexpected tufts and bunches, in appeai of the camp. He did not know what they ance like clumped and wind-blown grain. said, but he could see the man and Gray White Fang 595 Beaver talking together. Once the man sistent, and during that time White Fang pointed at him, and White Fang snarled had been compelled to avoid the camp. back as though the hand were just descend He did not know what evil was threatened ing upon him instead of being, as it was, by those insistent hands. He knew only fifty feet away. The man laughed at this; that they did threaten evil of some sort, and White Fang slunk away to the shelter and that it was best for him to keep out of ing woods, his head turned to observe as their reach. he glided softly over the ground. But scarcely had he lain down when Gray Beaver refused to sell the dog. He Gray Beaver staggered over to him and had grown rich with his trading and stood tied a leather thong around his neck. He in need of nothing. Besides, White Fang sat down beside White Fang, holding the was a valuable animal, the strongest sled end of the thong in his hand. In the other dog he had ever owned, and the best leader. hand he held a bottle, which, from time to Furthermore, there was no dog like him time, was inverted above his head to the on the Mackenzie nor the Yukon. He accompaniment of gurgling noises. could fight. He killed other dogs as easily An hour of this passed, when the vibra- as men killed mosquitoes. (Beauty Smith's tions of feet in contact with the ground eyes lighted up at this, and he licked his foreran the one who approached. White thin lips with an eager tongue.) No, Fang heard it first, and he was bristling White Fang was not for sale at any price. with recognition while Gray Beaver still But Beauty Smith knew the ways of In nodded stupidly. White Fang tried to dians. He visited Gray Beaver's camp draw the thong softly out of his master's often, and hidden under his coat was al hand; but the relaxed fingers closed tightly ways a black bottle or so. One of the and Gray Beaver roused himself. potencies of whiskey is the breeding of Beauty Smith strode into camp and thirst. Gray Beaver got the thirst. His stood over White Fang. He snarled softly fevered membranes and burnt stomach be up at the thing of fear, watching keenly gan to clamor for more and more of the the deportment of the hands. One hand scorching fluid; while his brain, thrust all extended outward and began to descend awry by the unwonted stimulant, per upon his head. His soft snarl grew tense mitted him to go any length to obtain and harsh. The hand continued slowly to it. The money he had received for his furs descend, while he crouched beneath it, and mittens and moccasins began to go. eyeing it malignantly, his snarl growing It went faster and faster, and the shorter shorter and shorter as, with quickening his money-sack grew the shorter grew his breath, it approached its culmination. temper. Suddenly he snapped, striking with his In the end his money and goods and fangs like a snake. The hand was jerked temper were all gone. Nothing remained back, and the teeth came together emp- to him but his thirst, a prodigious posses tily with a sharp click. Beauty Smith sion in itself that grew more prodigious was frightened and angry. Gray Beaver with every sober breath he drew. Then clouted White Fang alongside the head, so it was that Beauty Smith had talk with that he cowered down close to the earth in him again about the sale of White Fang; respectful obedience. but this time the price offered was in bot White Fang's suspicious eyes followed tles, not dollars, and Gray Beaver's ears every movement. He saw Beauty Smith were more eager to hear. go away and return with a stout club. “You ketch um dog you take um all Then the end of the thong was given over right,” was his last word. to him by Gray Beaver. Beauty Smith The bottles were delivered, but after two started to walk away. The thong grew days, “You ketch um dog,” were Beauty taut. White Fang resisted it. Gray Smith's words to Gray Beaver. Beaver clouted him right and left to make White Fang slunk into camp one evening him get up and follow. He obeyed, but and dropped down with a sigh of content. with a rush, hurling himself upon the The dreaded white god was not there. stranger who was dra ng him away For days his manifestations of desire to lay Beauty Smith did not jump away. He hands on him had been growing more in had been waiting for this. He swung the 596 The Outing Magazine was club smartly, stopping the rush midway he. All life likes power, and Beauty Smith and smashing White Fang down upon the no exception. Denied the expres- ground. Gray Beaver laughed and nodded sion of power amongst his own kind, he approval. Beauty Smith tightened the fell back upon the lesser creatures and thong again, and White Fang crawled there vindicated the life that was in him. limply and dizzily to his feet. But Beauty Smith had not created him- He did not rush a second time. One self, and no blame was to be attached to smash from the club was sufficient to con him. He had come into the world with vince him that the white god knew how to a twisted body and a brute intelligence. handle it, and he was too wise to fight the This had constituted the clay of him, and inevitable. So he followed morosely at it had not been kindly molded by the Beauty Smith's heels, his tail between his world. legs, yet snarling softly under his breath. White Fang knew why he was being But Beauty Smith kept a wary eye on him, beaten. When Gray Beaver tied the thong and the club was held always ready to around his neck and passed the end of the strike. thong into Beauty Smith's keeping, White At the fort Beauty Smith left him se Fang knew that it was his god's will for curely tied and went in to bed. White him to go with Beauty Smith. And when Fang waited an hour. Then he applied Beauty Smith left him tied outside the his teeth to the thong and in the space fort, he knew that it was Beauty Smith's of ten seconds was free. He had wast will that he should remain there. There- ed no time with his teeth. There had fore, he had disobeyed the will of both the been no useless gnawing. The thong was gods and earned the consequent punish- cut across, diagonally, almost as clean as ment. He had seen dogs change owners in though done by a knife. White Fang the past, and he had seen the runaways looked up at the fort, at the same time beaten as he was being beaten. He was bristling and growling. Then he turned wise, and yet in the nature of him there and trotted back to Gray Beaver's camp. were forces greater than wisdom. One of He owed no allegiance to this strange and these was fidelity. He did not love Gray terrible god. He had given himself to Beaver; yet, even in the face of his will and Gray Beaver, and to Gray Beaver he con his anger, he was faithful to him. He could sidered he still belonged. not help it. This faithfulness was a quality But what had occurred before was re of the clay that composed him. It was peated-with a difference. Gray Beaver the quality that was peculiarly the posses- again made him fast with a thong, and in sion of his kind; the quality that set apart the morning turned him over to Beauty his species from all other species; the Smith. And here was where the differ quality that had enabled the wolf and the ence came in. Beauty Smith gave him a wild dog to come in from the open and be beating. Tied securely, White Fang could the companions of man. only rage futilely and endure the punish After the beating, White Fang was ment. Club and whip were both used upon dragged back to the fort. But this time him, and he experienced the worst beating Beauty Smith left him tied with a stick. he had ever received in his life. Even the One does not give up a god easily, and so big beating given him in his puppyhood with White Fang. Gray Beaver was his by Gray Beaver was mild compared with own particular god, and, in spite of Gray this. Beaver's will, White Fang still clung to Beauty Smith enjoyed the task. He de him and would not give him up. Gray lighted in it. He gloated over his victim, Beaver had betrayed and forsaken him, and his eyes flamed dully as he swung the but that had no effect upon him. Not whip or club and listened to White Fang's for nothing had he surrendered himself cries of pain and to his helpless bellows and body and soul to Gray Beaver. There snarls. For Beauty Smith was cruel in had been no reservation on White Fang's the way that cowards are cruel. Cringing part, and the bond was not to be broken and sniveling himself before the blows or easily. angry speech of a man, he revenged him So, in the night, when the men in the self, in turn, upon creatures weaker than fort were asleep, White Fang applied his White Fang 597 THE REIGN OF HATE teeth to the stick that held him. The CHAPTER III wood was seasoned and dry, and it was tied so closely to his neck that he could scarcely get his teeth to it. It was only by the Under the tutelage of the mad god, severest muscular exertion and neck-arch White Fang became a fiend. He was kept ing that he succeeded in getting the wood chained in a pen at the rear of the fort, and between his teeth, and barely between his here Beauty Smith teased and irritated teeth at that; and it was only by the exer and drove him wild with petty torments. cise of an immense patience, extending The man early discovered White Fang's through many hours, that he succeeded susceptibility to laughter, and made it a in gnawing through the stick. This was point, after painfully tricking him, to laugh something that dogs were not supposed at him. This laughter was uproarious and to do. It was unprecedented. But White scornful, and at the same time the god Fang did it, trotting away from the fort in pointed his finger derisively at White Fang. the early morning with the end of the stick At such times reason fled from White Fang, hanging to his neck. and in his transports of rage he was even He was wise. But had he been merely more mad than Beauty Smith. wise he would not have gone back to Gray Formerly, White Fang had been merely Beaver who had already twice betrayed the enemy of his kind, withal a ferocious him. But there was his faithfulness, and enemy. He now became the enemy of all he went back to be betrayed yet a third things, and more ferocious than ever. To time. Again he yielded to the tying of a such an extent was he tormented, that he thong around his neck by Gray Beaver, hated blindly and without the faintest and again Beauty Smith came to claim spark of reason. He hated the chain that him. And this time he was beaten even bound him, the men who peered in at him more severely than before. through the slats of the pen, the dogs that Gray Beaver looked on stolidly while the accompanied the men and that snarled white man wielded the whip. He gave malignantly at him in his helplessness. no protection. It was no longer his dog. He hated the very wood of the pen that When the beating was over White Fang confined him. And first, last and most was sick. A soft southland dog would of all, he hated Beauty Smith. have died under it, but not he. His school But Beauty Smith had a purpose in all of life had been sterner, and he was himself that he did to White Fang. One day a of sterner stuff. He had too great vitality. number of men gathered about the pen. His clutch on life was too strong. But he Beauty Smith entered, club in hand, and was very sick. At first he was unable to took the chain from off White Fang's neck. drag himself along, and Beauty Smith had When his master had gone out, White to wait half an hour on him. And then, Fang turned loose and tore around the pen, blind and reeling, he followed at Beauty trying to get at the men outside. He was Smith's heels back to the fort. magnificently terrible. Fully five feet in But now he was tied with a chain that length, and standing two and one half feet defied his teeth, and he strove in vain, by at the shoulder, he far outweighed a wolf lunging, to draw the staple from the timber of corresponding size. From his mother into which it was driven. After a few he had inherited the heavier proportions days, sober and bankrupt, Gray Beaver de of the dog, so that he weighed, without parted up the Porcupine on his long journey any fat and without an ounce of superflu- to the Mackenzie. White Fang remained ous flesh, over ninety pounds. It was all on the Yukon, the property of a man more muscle, bone and sinew—fighting flesh in than half mad and all brute. But what the finest condition. The door of the pen is a dog to know in its consciousness of was being opened again. White Fang madness? To White Fang Beauty Smith paused. Something unusual was happen- was a veritable, if terrible, god. He was ing. He waited. The door was opened a mad god at best, but White Fang knew wider. Then a huge dog was thrust inside, nothing of madness; he knew only that he and the door was slammed shut behind must submit to the will of this new master, him. White Fang had never seen such a obey his every whim and fancy. dog (it was a mastiff); but the size and 598 The Outing Magazine men. fierce aspect of the intruder did not deter only hate and lost himself in the passion of him. Here was something, not wood nor it. Life had become a hell to him. He iron, upon which to wreak his hate. He had not been made for the close confine- leaped in with a flash of fangs that ripped ment wild beasts endure at the hands of down the side of the mastiff's neck. The And yet it was in precisely this way mastiff shook his head, growled hoarsely, that he was treated. Men stared at him, and plunged at White Fang. But White poked sticks between the bars to make him Fang was here, there, and everywhere, snarl, and then laughed at him. always evading and eluding, and always They were his environment, these men, leaping in and slashing with his fangs, and and they were molding the clay of him leaping out again in time to escape punish- into a more ferocious thing than had been ment. intended by Nature. Nevertheless, Nature The men outside shouted and applauded had given him plasticity. Where many while Beauty Smith, in an ecstasy of de another animal would have died or had its light, gloated over the ripping and mang- spirit broken, he adjusted himself and ling performed by White Fang. There lived, and at no expense of the spirit. was no hope for the mastiff from the first. Possibly Beauty Smith, arch-fiend and tor- He was too ponderous and slow. In the mentor, was capable of breaking White end, while Beauty Smith beat White Fang Fang's spirit, but as yet there were no back with a club, the mastiff was dragged signs of his succeeding. out by its owner. Then there was a pay If Beauty Smith had in him a devil, ment of bets, and money clinked in Beauty White Fang had another; and the two of Smith's hand. them raged against each other unceasingly. White Fang came to look forward eagerly In the days before, White Fang had had to the gathering of the men around his pen. the wisdom to cower down and submit to It meant a fight; and this was the only way a man with a club in his hand; but this that was now vouchsafed him of expressing wisdom now leſt him. The mere sight of the life that was in him. Tormented, in- Beauty Smith was sufficient to send him cited to hate, he was kept a prisoner so into transports of fury. And when they that there was no way of satisfying that came to close quarters, and he had been hate except at the times his master saw fit beaten back by the club, he went on growl- to pit another dog against him. Beautying and snarling and showing his fangs. Smith had estimated his powers well, for The last growl could never be extracted he was invariably the victor. One day from him. No matter how terribly he was three dogs were turned in upon him in suc beaten, he had always another growl, and cession. Another day a full-grown wolf, when Beauty Smith gave up and with- fresh caught from the Wild, was shoved in drew, the defiant growl followed after him, through the door of the pen. And on still or White Fang sprang at the bars of the another day two dogs were set against him cage bellowing his hatred. at the same time. This was his severest When the steamboat arrived at Dawson, fight, and though in the end he killed them White Fang went ashore. But he still both he was himself half killed in doing it. lived a public life, in a cage, surrounded by In the fall of the year, when the first curious men. He was exhibited as “The snows were falling and mush-ice was run Fighting Wolf,” and men paid fifty cents ning in the river, Beauty Smith took pas in gold-dust to see him. He was given no sage for himself and White Fang on a rest. Did he lie down to sleep, he was steamboat bound up the Yukon to Dawson. stirred up by a sharp stick-so that the White Fang had now achieved a reputation audience might get its money's worth. In in the land. As the "Fighting Wolf," he order to make the exhibition interesting, was known far and wide, and the cage in he was kept in a rage most of the time. which he was kept on the steamboat's deck But worse than all this was the atmos- was usually surrounded by curious men. phere in which he lived. He was regarded He raged and snarled at them, or lay qui as the most fearful of wild beasts, and this etly and studied them with cold hatred. was borne in to him through the bars of Why should he not hate them? He never the cage. Every word, every cautious asked himself the question. He knew action on the part of the men, impressed White Fang 599 upon him his own terrible ferocity. It was good and ready, and even made the first so much added fuel to the flame of his attack. fierceness. There could be but one result, But greatest of all the advantages in and that was that his ferocity fed upon White Fang's favor was his experience. itself and increased. It was another in He knew more about fighting than did any stance of the plasticity of his clay, of his of the dogs that faced him. He had fought capacity for being molded by the pressure more fights, knew how to meet more tricks of environment. and methods, and had more tricks himself, In addition to being exhibited, he was a while his own method was scarcely to be professional fighting animal. At irregular improved upon. intervals, whenever a fight could be ar As the time went by, he had fewer and ranged, he was taken out of his cage and fewer fights. Men despaired of matching led off into the woods a few miles from him with an equal, and Beauty Smith was town. Usually this occurred at night, so compelled to pit wolves against him. as to avoid interference from the mounted These were trapped by the Indians for the police of the Territory. After a few hours purpose, and a fight between White Fang of waiting, when daylight had come, the and a wolf was always sure to draw a crowd. audience and the dog with which he was Once, a full-grown female lynx was secured, to fight arrived. In this manner it came and this time White Fang fought for his about that he fought all sizes and breeds life. Her quickness matched his; her fe- of dogs. It was a savage land, the men rocity equaled his; while he fought with were savage, and the fights were usually his fangs alone, and she fought with her to the death. sharp-clawed feet as well. Since White Fang continued to fight, it But after the lynx all fighting ceased for is obvious that it was the other dogs that White Fang. There were no more animals died. He never knew defeat. His early with which to fight—at least, there was training, when he fought with Lip-lip and none considered worthy of fighting with the whole puppy-pack, stood him in good him. So he remained on exhibition until stead. There was the tenacity with which spring, when one Tim Keenan, a faro- he clung to the earth. No dog could make dealer, arrived in the land. With him him lose his footing. This was the favorite came the first bulldog that had ever en- trick of the wolf breeds---to rush in upon tered the Klondike. That this dog and him, either directly or with an unexpected White Fang should come together was in- swerve, in the hope of striking his shoulder evitable, and for a week the anticipated and overthrowing him. Mackenzie hounds, fight was the mainspring of conversation Eskimo and Labrador dogs, huskies and in certain quarters of the town. Malemutes—all tried it on him, and all failed. He was never known to lose his footing. Men told this to one another, and CHAPTER IV looked each time to see it happen; but THE CLINGING DEATH White Fang always disappointed them. Then there was his lightning quickness. Beauty Smith slipped the chain from his It gave him a tremendous advantage over neck and stepped back. his antagonists. No matter what their For once White Fang did not make an fighting experience, they had never en immediate attack. He stood still, ears countered a dog that moved so swiftly as pricked forward, alert and curious, survey- he. Also to be reckoned with was the im- ing the strange animal that faced him. mediateness of his attack. The average He had never seen such a dog before. Tim dog was accustomed to the preliminaries of Keenan shoved the bulldog forward with snarling and bristling and growling, and a muttered, “Go to it." The animal wad- the average dog was knocked off his feet dled toward the center of the circle, short and finished before he had begun to fight and squat and ungainly. He came to a or recovered from his surprise. So often stop and blinked across at White Fang. did this happen, that it became the cus There were cries from the crowd of, “Go tom to hold White Fang until the other to him, Cherokee! Sick 'm, Cherokee! dog went through his preliminaries, was Eat 'm up!" 600 The Outing Magazine But Cherokee did not seem anxious to fight. He turned his head and blinked at the men who shouted, at the same time wagging his stump of a tail good-naturedly. He was not afraid, but merely lazy. Be- sides, it did not seem to him that it was intended he should fight with the dog he saw before him. He was not used to fight- ing with that kind of dog, and he was wait- ing for them to bring on the real dog. Tim Keenan stepped in and bent over Cherokee, fondling him on both sides of the shoulders with hands that rubbed against the grain of the hair and that made slight, pushing-forward movements. These were so many suggestions. Also, their ef- fect was irritating, for Cherokee began to growl, very softly, deep down in his throat. There was a correspondence in rhythm be- tween the growls and the movements of the man's hands. The growl rose in the throat with the culmination of each for- ward-pushing movement, and ebbed down, to start up afresh with the beginning of the next movement. The end of each move- ment was the accent of the rhythm, the movement ending abruptly and the growl- ing rising with a jerk. This was not without its effect on White Fang. The hair began to rise on his neck and across the shoulders. Tim Keenan gave a final shove forward and stepped back again. As the impetus that carried Cherokee forward died down, he continued to go forward of his own volition, in a swift, bow-legged run. Then White Fang struck. Acry of startled admiration went up. He had covered the distance and gone in more like a cat than a dog; and with the same cat-like swiftness he had slashed with his fangs and leaped clear. The bulldog was bleeding back of one ear from a rip in his thick neck. no sign, did not even snarl, but turned and followed after White Fang. The display on both sides, the quickness of the one and the steadiness of the other, had excited the partisan spirit of the crowd, and the men were making new bets and increasing orig- inal bets. Again, and yet again, White Fang sprang in, slashed, and got away un- touched; and still his strange foe followed after him, without too great haste, not slowly, but deliberately and determinedly, in a business-like sort of way. There was purpose in his method-something for him to do that he was intent upon doing and from which nothing could distract him. His whole demeanor, every action, was stamped with this purpose. It puzzled White Fang. Never had he seen such a dog. It had no hair protection. It was soft, and bled easily. There was no thick mat of fur to baffle White Fang's teeth, as they were often baffled by dogs of his own breed. Each time that his teeth struck they sank easily into the yielding flesh, while the animal did not seem able to de- fend itself. Another disconcerting thing was that it made no outcry, such as he had been accustomed to with the other dogs he had fought. Beyond a growl or a grunt, the dog took its punishment silently. And never did it flag in its pursuit of him. Not that Cherokee was slow. He could turn and whirl swiftly enough, but White Fang was never there. Cherokee was puz- zled, too. He had never fought before with a dog with which he could not close. The desire to close had always been mutual. But here was a dog that kept at a distance, dancing and dodging here and there and all about. And when it did get its teeth into him it did not hold on, but let go in- stantly and darted away again. But White Fang could not get at the soft under side of the throat. The bull- dog stood too short, while its massive jaws were an added protection. White Fang darted in and out unscathed, while Chero- kee's wounds increased. Both sides of his neck and head were ripped and slashed. He bled freely, but showed no signs of be- ing disconcerted. He continued his plod- ding pursuit, though once, for the moment baffled, he came to a full stop and blinked at the men who looked on, at the same time wagging his stump of a tail as an ex- pression of his willingness to fight. In that moment White Fang was in upon him and out, in passing ripping his trimmed remnant of an ear. With a slight manifes- tation of anger, Cherokee took up the pur- suit again, running on the inside of the circle White Fang was making, and striv- ing to fasten his deadly grip on White Fang's throat. The bulldog missed by a hair's-breadth, and cries of praise went up as White Fang doubled suddenly out of danger in the opposite direction. The time went by. White Fang still danced on, dodging and doubling, leaping He gave Painting by Frank E. Schoonover. "After the break-up of the ice on the Porcupine he paddled down that stream to where it effected its iunction with the Yukon. White Fang 601 in and out, and ever inflicting damage. turning and reversing, trying to shake off And still the bulldog, with grim certitude, the fifty-pound weight that dragged at his toiled after him. Sooner or later he would throat. The bulldog did little but keep accomplish his purpose, get the grip that his grip. Sometimes, and rarely, he man- would win the battle. In the meantime aged to get his feet to the earth and for a he accepted all the punishment the other moment to brace himself against White could deal him. His tufts of ears had be- Fang. But the next moment his footing come tassels, his neck and shoulders were would be lost and he would be dragging slashed in a score of places, and his very around in the whirl of one of White Fang's lips were cut and bleeding-all from those mad gyrations. Cherokee identified him- lightning snaps that were beyond his fore self with his instinct. He knew that he seeing and guarding. was doing the right thing by holding on, Time and again White Fang had at and there came to him certain blissful tempted to knock Cherokee off his feet; thrills of satisfaction. At such moments but the difference in their height was too he even closed his eyes and allowed his great. Cherokee was too squat, too close body to be hurled hither and thither, willy- to the ground. White Fang tried the trick nilly, careless of any hurt that might once too often. The chance came in one thereby come to it. That did not count. of his quick doublings and counter-circlings. The grip was the thing, and the grip he He caught Cherokee with head turned kept. away as he whirled more slowly. His White Fang ceased only when he had shoulder was exposed. White Fang drove tired himself out. He could do nothing, in upon it; but his own shoulder was high and he could not understand. Never, in above, while he struck with such force that all his fighting, had this thing happened. his momentum carried him on across over The dogs he had fought with did not fight the other's body. For the first time in his that way. With them it was snap and fighting history, men saw White Fang lose slash and get away, snap and slash and get his footing. His body turned a half-somer away. He lay partly on his side, panting sault in the air, and he would have landed for breath. Cherokee, still holding his grip, on his back had he not twisted, cat-like, urged against him, trying to get him over still in the air, in the effort to bring his feet entirely on his side. White Fang resisted, to the earth. As it was, he struck heavily and he could feel the jaws shifting their on his side. The next instant he was on grip, slightly relaxing and coming together his feet, but in that instant Cherokee's again in a chewing movement. Each shift teeth closed on his throat. brought the grip closer in to his throat. It was not a good grip, being too low The bulldog's method was to hold what he down toward the chest; but Cherokee held had, and when opportunity favored to on. White Fang sprang to his feet and work in for more. Opportunity favored toré wildly around, trying to shake off the when White Fang remained quiet. When bulldog's body. It made him frantic, this White Fang struggled, Cherokee was con- clinging, dragging weight. It bound his tent merely to hold on. movements, restricted his freedoin. It was The bulging back of Cherokee's neck was like the trap, and all his instinct resented the only portion of his body that White it and revolted against it. It was a mad Fang's teeth could reach. He got hold revolt. For several minutes he was to all toward the base, where the neck comes intents insane. The basic life that was in out from the shoulders; but he did not him took charge of him. The will of his know the chewing method of fighting, nor body to exist surged over him. He was were his jaws adapted to it. He spasmod- dominated by this mere flesh-love of life. ically ripped and tore with his fangs for a All intelligence was gone. It was as though space. Then a change in their position di- he had no brain. His reason was unseated verted him. The bulldog had managed to by the blind yearning of the flesh to exist roll him over on his back, and, still hanging and move, at all hazards to move, to con to his throat, was on top of him. Like tinue to move, for movement was the ex a cat, White Fang howed his hind-quarters pression of its existence. in, and, with the feet digging into his en- Round and round he went, whirling and emy's abdomen above him, he began to 602 The Outing Magazine claw with long tearing strokes. Cherokee might well have been disemboweled had he not quickly pivoted on his grip and got his body off of White Fang's and at right angles to it. There was no escaping that grip. It was like Fate itself, and as inexorable. Slowly it shifted up along the jugular. All that saved White Fang from death was the loose skin of his neck and the thick fur that covered it. This served to form a large roll in Cherokee's mouth, the fur of which well nigh defied his teeth. But bit by bit, whenever the chance offered, he was getting more of the loose skin and fur in his mouth. The result was that he was slowly throttling White Fang. The latter's breath was drawn with greater and greater difficulty as the moments went by. It began to look as though the battle were over. The backers of Cherokee waxed jubilant and offered ridiculous odds. White Fang's backers were correspondingly de- pressed and refused bets of ten to one and twenty to one, though one man was rash enough to close a wager of fifty to one. This man was Beauty Smith. He took a step into the ring and pointed his finger at White Fang. Then he began to laugh de- risively and scornfully. This produced the desired effect. White Fang went wild with rage. He called up his reserves of strength and gained his feet. gled around the ring, the fifty pounds of his foe ever dragging on his roat, his anger passed on into panic. The basic life of him dominated him again, and his in- telligence fled before the will of his flesh to live. Round and round and back again, stumbling and falling and rising, even up- rearing at times on his hind-legs and lifting his foe clear of the earth, he struggled vainly to shake off the clinging death. At last he fell, toppling backward, ex- hausted; and the bulldog promptly shifted his grip, getting in closer, mangling more and more of the fur-folded flesh, throttling White Fang more severely than ever. Shouts of applause went up for the victor, and there were many cries of “Cherokee!” “Cherokee!” To this Cherokee responded by vigorous wagging of the stump of his tail. But the clamor of approval did not distract him. There was no sympathetic relation between his tail and his massive jaws. The one might wag, but the others held their terrible grip on White Fang's throat. It was at this time that a diversion came to the spectators. There was a jingle of bells. Dog-mushers' cries were heard. Everybody, save Beauty Smith, looked ap- prehensive, the fear of the police strong upon them. But they saw, up the trail and not down, two men running with sled and dogs. They were evidently coming down the creek from some prospecting trip. At sight of the crowd they stopped their dogs and came over and joined it, curious to see the cause of the excitement. The dog-musher wore a moustache, but the other, a taller and younger man, was smooth-shaven, his skin rosy from the pounding of his blood and the running in the frosty air. White Fang had practically ceased strug- gling. Now and again he resisted spas- modically and to no purpose. He could get little air, and that little grew less and less under the merciless grip that ever tightened. In spite of his armor of fur, the great vein of his throat would have long since been torn open, had not the first grip of the bulldog been so low down as to be practically on the chest. It had taken Cherokee a long time to shift that grip up- ward, and this had also tended further to clog his jaws with fur and skin-fold. In the meantime, the abysmal brute in Beauty Smith had been rising up into his brain and mastering the small bit of sanity that he possessed at best. When he saw White Fang's eyes beginning to glaze, he knew beyond doubt that the fight was lost. Then he broke loose. He sprang upon White Fang and began savagely to kick him. There were hisses from the crowd and cries of protest, but that was all. While this went on, and Beauty Smith con- tinued to kick White Fang, there was a commotion in the crowd. The tall young newcomer was forcing his way through, shouldering men right and left without ceremony or gentleness. When he broke through into the ring, Beauty Smith was just in the act of delivering another kick. All his weight was on one foot, and he was in a state of unstable equilibrium. At that moment the newcomer's fist landed a smashing blow full in his face. Beauty Smith's remaining leg left the ground, and his whole body seemed to lift into the air As he strug- White Fang 603 as he turned over backward and struck the “Won't some of you help?” Scott cried snow. The newcomer turned upon the desperately at the crowd. crowd. But no help was offered. Instead, the "You cowards!” he cried. “You beasts!" crowd began sarcastically to cheer him on He was in a rage himself—a sane rage. and showered him with facetious advice. His gray eyes seemed metallic and steel-like "You'll have to get a pry,” Matt coun- as they flashed upon the crowd. Beauty seled. Smith regained his feet and came toward The other reached into the holster at his him, sniffling and cowardly. The new hip, drew his revolver, and tried to thrust comer did not understand. He did not its muzzle between the bulldog's jaws. know how abject a coward the other was, He shoved, and shoved hard, till the grat- and thought he was coming back intent on ing of the steel against the locked teeth fighting. So, with a "You beast!” he could be distinctly heard. Both men were smashed Beauty Smith over backward on their knees, bending over the dogs. with a second blow in the face. Beauty Tim Keenan strode into the ring. He Smith decided that the snow was the safest paused beside Scott and touched him on place for him, and lay where he had fallen, the shoulder, saying ominously: makirig no effort to get up. "Don't break them teeth, stranger.” “Come on, Matt, lend a hand,” the new “Then I'll break his neck,” Scott re- comer called to the dog-musher, who had torted, continuing his shoving and wedging followed him into the ring. with the revolver muzzle. Both men bent over the dogs. Matt “I said don't break them teeth,” the took hold of White Fang, ready to pull faro-dealer repeated more ominously than when Cherokee's jaws should be loosened. before. This the younger man endeavored to ac But if it was a bluff he intended, it did complish by clutching the bulldog's jaws in not work. Scott never desisted from his his hands and trying to spread them. It efforts, though he looked up coolly and was a vain undertaking. As he pulled and asked: tugged and wrenched, he kept exclaiming "Your dog?" with every expulsion of breath, “Beasts!” The faro-dealer grunted. The crowd began to grow unruly, and "Then get in here and break this grip." some of the men were protesting against the “Well, stranger," the other drawled ir- spoiling of the sport; but they were silenced ritatingly, “I don't mind telling you that's when the newcomer lifted his head from his something I ain't worked out for myself. work for a moment and glared at them. . I don't know how to turn the trick.” “You damn beasts!” he finally exploded, “Then get out of the way,” was the reply, and went back to his task. “and don't bother me. I'm busy.” “It's no use, Mr. Scott, you can't break’m Tim Keenan continued standing over apart that way,” Matt said at last. him, but Scott took no further notice of The pair paused and surveyed the locked his presence. He had managed to get the dogs. muzzle in between the jaws on one side, and “Ain't bleedin' much,” Matt announced. was trying to get it out between the jaws "Ain't got all the way in yet.” on the other side. This accomplished, he “But he's liable to any moment,” Scott pried gently and carefully, loosening the answered. “There, did you that! jaws a bit at a time, while Matt, a bit at He shifted his grip in a bit.” a time, extricated White Fang's mangled The younger man's excitement and ap-. neck. prehension for White Fang was growing. 'Stand by to receive your dog," was He struck Cherokee about the head, sav Scott's peremptory order to Cherokee's agely, again and again. But that did not loosen the jaws. Cherokee wagged the The faro-dealer stooped down obedi- stump of his tail in advertisement that he ently and got a firm hold on Cherokee. understood the meaning of the blows, but "Now!” Scott warned, giving the final that he knew he was himself in the right pry: and only doing his duty by keeping his The dogs were drawn apart, the bulldog grip. struggling vigorously. see owner. 604 The Outing Magazine “Take him away,” Scott commanded, “You've forfeited your rights to own and Tim Keenan dragged Cherokee back that dog," was the rejoinder. "Are you into the crowd. going to take the money? or do I have to White Fang made several ineffectual ef hit you again?" forts to get up. Once he gained his feet, "All right," Beauty Smith spoke up with but his legs were too weak to sustain him, the alacrity of fear. “But I take the and he slowly wilted and sank back into the money under protest,” he added. “The snow. His eyes were half closed, and the dog's a mint. I ain't a-goin' to be robbed. surface of them was glassy. His jaws were A man's got his rights." apart, and through them the tongue pro "Correct," Scott answered, passing the truded, draggled and limp. To all appear- money over to him. “Aman's got his rights . ances he looked like a dog that had been But you're not a man. You're a beast.” strangled to death. Matt examined him. "Wait till I get back to Dawson," "Just about all in," he announced; "but Beauty Smith threatened. "I'll have the he's breathin' all right." law on you.” Beauty Smith had regained his feet and “If you open your mouth when you get come over to look at White Fang. back to Dawson, I'll have you run out of "Matt, how much is a good sled-dog town. Understand?” worth?” Scott asked. Beauty Smith replied with a grunt. The dog-musher, still on his knees and “Understand?" the other thundered stooping over White Fang, calculated for a with abrupt fierceness. moment. “Yes,” Beauty Smith grunted, shrink- “Three hundred dollars,” he answered. ing away. “And how much for one that's all chewed “Yes what?" up like this one?” Scott asked, nudging “Yes, sir,” Beauty Smith snarled. White Fang with his foot. “Look out! He'll bite!” some “Half of that,” was the dog-musher's shouted, and a guffaw of laughter went up. judgment. Scott turned his back on him, and re- Scott turned upon Beauty Smith. turned to help the dog-musher, who was “Did you hear, Mr. Beast? I'm going working over White Fang. to take your dog from you, and I'm going Some of the men were already departing; to give you a hundred and fifty for him.” others stood in groups, looking on and talk- He opened his pocketbook and counted ing. Tim Keenan joined one of the groups. out the bills. “Who's that mug?” he asked. Beauty Smith put his hands behind his “Weedon Scott,” some one answered. back, refusing to touch the proffered money "And who in hell is Weedon Scott?” the "I ain't a-sellin'," he said. faro-dealer demanded. “Oh, yes you are,” the other assured “Oh, one of them crack-a-jack minin' him. “Because I'm buying. Here's your experts. He's in with all the big bugs. money. The dog's mine." If you want to keep out of trouble you'll Beauty Smith, his hands still behind him, steer clear of him, that's my talk. He's began to back away. all hunky with the officials. The Gold Scott sprang toward him, drawing his Commissioner's a special pal of his.” fist back to strike. Beauty Smith cowered “I thought he must be somebody," was down in anticipation of the blow. the faro-dealer's comment. “That's why “I've got my rights," he whimpered. I kept my hands offen him at the start." one (To be continued.) THE MYSTERIOUS AWA-TOOSE AND THE STRANGE NEBOG-ATIS BY ROBERT T. MORRIS NT AT stepped into the bush and cut a pudgy; the ember mullet with graceful pole. He put a piece of pork on outlines and golden-bronze in color, with a the hook, tucked another piece of deep red band along the sides; and the pork between his shirt and the waistband brilliant silver mullet, with red fins and a of his trousers for provision against sudden compressed body. Repeated questioning need, and sat down upon the wet bank of had failed to draw from Nat a satisfactory the river. The whole calm procedure was description of which one of these fish his suggestive of confidence born of success on awa-toosè resembled, and cur imaginations some former occasion. Nat was an Indian. were set to the hair trigger now that the Years ago he was in the Hudson Bay Com looked-for place had been reached. pany's service, and Wake and I considered “How big is the awa-toose?” I asked. ourselves fortunate in getting him to go "Sie weigh two pound. Guess some of along with us, to find portages between it weigh one pounds,” replied Nat. Flying Post and Moose, on our exploring “What is the best bait?” trip. Nat answered by picking up a handful We had found plenty of fish all along the of mud from just below the water's edge way so far, but they were old friends—stur and handing it toward me. One who is geon, ling, doré, jackfish, whitefish, lake not familiar with translating from the trout and others of less consequence. What Indian might be surprised on being in- we wanted was to find something new to formed that a handful of mud was the best tell about at the next Canadian Camp din bait for a fish alert enough to take the ner in New York, and although our note trolling spoon, and perhaps the fly, but I books already described jackfish fully as recognized the sign language for crawfish, large as any that we actually caught, and and proceeded to capture half a dozen of whitefish so toothsome that their delicious them at once. Nat fished with pork and ness seemed to be peculiar to the region of a sinker. I used crawfish bait on light our search, there was nevertheless a longing tackle, Wake chose a trolling spoon of such and an unsatisfied feeling that nothing pretty and attractive model that it would short of a new fish could relieve. almost draw land animals into the water Nat had filled us with expectation, for to get at it; and we sent Alex and Sol out he had told us that when we reached a cer to set the collecting nets in likely places. tain part of the Kokateesh River we would The red crossbills sang in jaunty cama- come upon a fish called the awa-toose, and raderie as they flew in joyous company that they would be caught all of the way amongst the pointed firs. White-throated from there down to Hudson Bay. The sparrows called and answered each other awa-toose, he said, was shaped and colored in different octaves, and a water-wagtail something like a sucker, but it had teeth sent his clear notes across the river to us very good for heat.” Further- every few minutes. We stood in the more, it wouid take almost any sort of lure. tracks of moose and bears on the bank, and Now, there were three suckers in the river, awaited the coming of a wild fish, among the common gray one, that was round and wild surroundings. Did the awa-toose take and was 605 606 The Outing Magazine of camp. the fly? Did it leap when hooked? Did that he had cut all of the portages him- it fight longer than any other known fish? self. Was it a surprise for the palate at every Nat was really a good and kindly old new mouthful? Had it ever been described soul, and during the two months that he by a naturalist? These were the questions was with us we got to be very fond of him. that we asked while we waited until the There was nothing in reason that he did stars came out, and a horned owl called not want to do for us, and he was evidently with his minor screams, that are intended distressed because we could not find the to inform timid animais that the caller awa-toose. The evening of July 27, 1905, does not carry legs like a lynx. It was not was destined to be an eventful one, how- the night for awa-toose, and Nat, antici ever. We were then pretty well down the pating a hard day's work on the morrow, Mattagami River, and at the end of a hard thought best to tell us that the awa-toose day's work in rain and wind we camped did not bite after sundown. late on the bank of a long, swirling eddy. For the next two or three days on our A good hot dinner of sturgeon, flapjacks way down river we camped early, and de and chocolate, with a change to dry woolen voted most of our spare time to the awa clothing, made one feel like a butterfly just toose, but without attracting its attention; out of the chrysalis. I lighted a sweet old although Nat assured us that in former pipe and stepped out on the rocks in front days, when supplies for Flying i'ost all came from England by way of Moose Post, The wind had died down, and the clouds the canoemen caught awa-toose whenever had broken away enough to let one little they stopped to camp at night. This was star peep through and watch the coming not quite in accord with his statement that scene. Our tired Indians were already the fish did not bite after sundown, for the asleep in their tents, and Wake, with his Hudson Bay people waste very little of the rare combination of industry and love of daylight in traveling time. luxury, was arranging the boughs in our Nat was a reliable Indian nevertheless; tent according to the formula of my old and it was simply necessary to be well guide Caribou Charley, who liked "a bed enough acquainted with him to realize boughed down with care.” All was quiet, when he was reliable. He was simple and with that vast, impressive quiet that settles unassuming in manner. He looked at one over the great, untraveled spruce forest of with a clear level eye when first speaking the North at night, and I seemed to be and then dropped his eyes modestly before alone. The deep black river swept ma- finishing a sentence, but there was nothing jestically by on its way to arctic seas, and of deception in his manner. If he informed noiselessly, excepting for an occasional us that there were no game animals and swish of the inky current where it met the few fish about the lake that he had chosen return flow of the bank eddy. I listened. for his permanent abode it was because It was easy to listen, on that quiet night. he spoke before he thought. If he had Yes, it was another sound that I heard stopped to think, he would have said noth above the swish of the current, and to a ing at all. Lakes and streams and special fisherman's ears it meant that fish of some hunting grounds are handed down from sort or another were rising for ephemeras. father to son in his country, and Indians I knew the sound made by a rising trout, recognize and respect each other's right a rising bass, a rising doré, a rising perch, and title to such grounds. They would a rising smelt, a rising mullet, a rising expect to have Nat answer them as he did salmon. It was none of these. Oh, joy! me, that his chosen ground was a miserable After days of seeking for a mysterious fish, one for game and fish; but when I said here, on this night for gnomes and goblins, "Ki debwe," and gave a knowing wink, he in the eerie current that came out of the at once joined my other Indians in a hearty dark, passed silently and went into the shout of laughter. The idea of possession dark, there was some fish that I had never is so well grounded that when I asked Nat heard rise before. if he knew about a certain small river, he “Just wait a minute,” said some one to replied, “Guess know it pretty well. Made himself--and when the first fly rod out of it myself,” which on translation means the case was mounted, I knew by the feel The Mysterious Awa-Toose 607 that it was a lucky old split bamboo of which responded to the addition of a few seven ounces that had been made for me chips, I made out a fish that was clearly by Dr. Fowler in his best days, twenty-five of the herring tribe; but of what sort ? years ago. It was a rod that had landed A herring living in rapid fresh water like everything from grilse in Labrador to a trout, independent, and feeding upon brown trout in Sweden and smelts in ephemeras! His open mouth was found Maine. In the fly book all varieties were to be armed with very sharp teeth, both of the same color at this hour, but a loosely on jaws and on tongue, and that again coiled cast that had been rather carelessly seemed strange for a herring. While 1 tucked into the book a day or two previ- wondered there came to memory a lecture ously kept working itself into my hand, and that I had heard twenty-eight years pre- insisting upon being first in at the con viously at college, in which Professor Wil- test, so it was looped to the line rather der had spoken of the existence of a big- more because of its insistence than as a toothed herring which had a double pupil matter of choice. It carried a brown of the eye. Yes, this fish had a double hackle for dropper and a Parmachenee pupil of the large, lustrous eye, and both Belle for stretcher. pupils of the same size. Surely this was In the hurry of getting ready, the land not Nat's awa-toose, but some other fish ing net was not taken out of the case, but that he had neglected to tell us about. as my pipe had gone out it was necessary Carefully the fish was packed away in to start up the sweet puffs of Guard's mix- damp moss to await daylight inspection, ture for luck, and that required a quarter and then I stepped out on the rocks again of a minute of time that was more precious for the next one. than first-water diamonds. Then, com Two or three times the cast was sent out fortable, contented and expectant, I sent of sight in the darkness, and suddenly the cast out into the gloom and knew that there was another pull at the fly, but the it had alighted true, at the margin of the hard-headed pull at the outset and the eddy. quick giving up showed that my old ac- Instantly there came a ferocious tug at quaintance, the doré, had been hooked this the fly, the reel sang chir-r-r-r-r, and through time; and he is no sort of a hero. The the darkness I saw the gleam of a white, star overhead had seen enough, the clouds glistening fish in the air. Here was my were gathered over it again, and the tattoo awa-toose after all, but what manner of of raindrops was the call to bed. Although fish could the awa-toose be? Nothing that we were all tired, and Wake had made the I had ever caught before gave such peculiar softest and springiest of fragrant beds, I fluttering leaps, and nothing before had slept uneasily and impatiently awaited the ever shone in the dark. Out into the sullen coming of daylight, that would reveal all of current he ran, then back into the eddy. the features of my prize. With the persistence of a bass he failed to Nat was up early. It was not his awa- know when he was beaten. Would the toose at all, but a fish that he called the hook hold? It must hold. If that hook "nebog-atis” (plural, add iwog), and one failed to hold I would write letters to the that was seldom captured by the Indians. editor denouncing the manufacturer. With The color was almost startling in its bril- every rush of the fish into the current my liancy of flashing silver, so bright that my heart stood still, but finally the uncaptured negatives were all over-exposed. Over the prize began to yield, and in a few minutes silver was a scintillating iridescence of pea- he came sliding toward the bank on his green and lilac, and on the back a sugges- side. In the absence of a landing net 1 tion of transparent steel-blue and purple. carefully found his gills and quickly tossed It was fifteen inches in length, and nine and him out upon the grass. Then began more a half inches in girth. The outlines were gymnastics, but with the aid of both hands those of a shad, but the body was com- and of both knees and of the friendly sedge pressed at the anal fin in a curious way, grass I was able to grasp a fish shaped like just as though somebody had pinched the a shad, with some of its large loosened fish between his thumb and forefinger at scales sticking between my fingers. that point when it came hot out of the Kneeling by the embers of the camp fire, smelter. There were no scales on the 1 608 The Outing Magazine opercles, but the body was smoothly not travel in schools like most other herring covered with large, rounded scales which but are found singly, although fifty may readily separated on handling. The double be in sight at one time when they are pupil of the eye had changed during the breaking water for ephemeras. On dark night, and the lower one was now the days the fish may be at the surface at al- larger of the two. This changed again in most any time of day, but as a rule they the sunlight, and the upper pupil became suddenly appear about four o'clock in the so large that the lower one was a mere pin- afternoon, and feed from that time until hole opening in the iris. The stomach was night. filled with ephemeras. On our trip we found only one more in- We were too impatient about testing the teresting fish than the nebog-atis to report, table qualities to wait for a bed of hard and while that was a great surprise, and wood coals for broiling purposes, so the fish something that will attract the immediate was carefully fried. It was delicious in attention of every fly fisherman in the land deed. The flesh was remarkably white, when we get time to tell about it, we are firm and tender, with a streak of brown nevertheless going down to the Mattagami fat along the side, as in the shad. The River again for nebog-atisiwog alone, unless herrings that I have eaten would be placed some one knows where they may be found in about this order of classification for at some nearer point. table quality: Shad, nebog-atis, Labrador As to the mysterious awa-toose, he is still herring, European red herring, hickory uncaught. On our return trip I offered shad, common American herring, alewife, Nat ten dollars if he would get one four tarpon, menhaden. inches long, and finally offered in addition We found that while the nebog-atis would a hundred pounds of pork, with no further take the fly at night, one could get it as result than to leave the Indian with the well in the daytime. The favorite habitat impression that we were probably daft to was in deep, steady currents, but often make such an offer for any four-inch fish. enough it chose trout or salmon water. The The autumn leaves are changing fast on one fly that was chosen in preference to a the Mattagami River to-day, and perhaps dozen others that we tried was the Par there has been a snowstorm and a skim of machenee Belle, although casts resembling ice on the still waters already. The great the ephemera upon which it was feeding river roars in the rapids, bears swim across were made up in various combinations. it, and moose and caribou browse upon its Like ourselves, the nebog-atis was out for banks. In its waters somewhere there is new specimens, and cared little for its tried a fish called awa-toose by the Indians, but and true flies when a Parmachenee Belle what manner of fish it is, some one else was anywhere in sight. Nebog-atisiwog do must say. Tahun BABY OLNEY'S “CURE” BY ADELE MARIE SHAW the paper. ABY OLNEY was ill—not terribly, egregious insults and hang out your latch- suddenly ill with diphtheria or string to its entire length. meningitis, but "not strong," and "Van is off for a snow-shoeing affair the not growing stronger. In Millie Olney's eighteenth of next month, and I'll go to you pretty face there were anxious lines. for a week then if you'll have me, and I'll Jack Olney did not even ask "How is take my daughter Elizabeth along because Baby?” when his wife met him at the so far we've never been separated and I threshold. He knew. He gave her the think she'd miss me. In the usual rush, letter he had taken from the postman at and with kisses for your little Jackie. the door, and while he dressed for dinner "Elizabeth is just a year old to-day and and a "small and early” at the Whitchers', a very lusty, noisy girl, too. So provide Millie read the letter and he tried to think cotton for both your ears. If your boy is of something to say. half so rampant there 'll be music.-Lou. “Oh!” Millie exclaimed as she rustled Mildred dropped the letter with a sigh. "Isn't she queer, Jack? But she's as dear Jack gave a final solemn jerk to his tie as she can be. I wish- and turned from the mirror. Delight "Anything wrong?" Jack waited. rioted in Millie's shining eyes. Jack's face "Nothing much. Yesterday at the club brightened as he watched her. Millie was I heard Margaret Durfee say to Mrs. Whit- the only grown woman he had ever known cher, 'So naïve of dear Mrs. Olney to expect to whose face you could bring that child's a Forbes-Van Rensselaer to visit in a look of sudden irrepressible delight. second-rate little suburb like Hillcrest!' “You baby!” he said, as he had said it And you see if Lou hadn't come hundreds of times in the five years since "You baby!" said Jack again. He was the same look had betrayed her preference not a wordy man, but he put his arm for himself. “You seem pleased.” around her as they went down to din- "I am,” she answered, and flushed under ner, and once as he carved the duck he his approving gaze. "Any one would be paused. pleased,” she announced. “Read that.' “Mrs. Durfee is a silly little snob,” he “Read it to me.” Mildred always had remarked, and renewed his slicing and dis- a reason for her delight, but Jack's capacity jointing with an air of relief. “Isn't it for pleasure had been stunted in its early warm here?" growth by responsibilities too big for his "I keep the house warm for Jackie boy,” years, and the reason was sure to seem to began Mildred, and broke off in a sudden him curiously simple and inadequate. wail. "Oh, I wish he were ‘noisy'! I'm Mildred smoothed out the letter and so worried. People give me all sorts of read: “You precious Goose: If you aren't advice-but Jackie is different; he isn't a the same old stupid! Yes, you are, S-T-U great stocky baby like the Pennell chil- P-I-D! What have I done to be suspected dren!” of age and imbecility that would prevent So it was Baby, not Mrs. Durfee, that was my enjoying your 'little home'? My en the real worry! Jack's look of relief van- joyment is not yet dependent on the size ished. of the house I am in, so take back your “You're nervous, Millie,” was all he 609 610 The Outing Magazine said, but he disappeared when dinner was dred Olney poured out to Jack in her next over and Mildred found him in the nursery. letter. It was a tidy letter, the under- The baby was asleep. A thermometer on scorings neatly put in as if with a ruler: the dresser at the head of the crib and an “What a dreadful bother settling up es- other on the wall at its foot guarded his tates seems to be, even little ones,” it be- slumbers. In the dim light he looked un gan. “And now you may not be back commonly fair, almost uncannily beauti before Lou goes. Really I wish you were ful, his father thought. Copper-gold curls here, for she has got me quite upset. She's clung moistly about the transparent tem as lovely as ever, but she has queer notions ples, and the blue lines under the eyes did about children. She didn't bring Lisa, her not show, own maid, but a big, strong creature, her A month later John Olney had gone baby's nurse. I put nurse and baby into “West,” and Louise Van Rensselaer had the yellow room, it's so sunny and the been a whole day in the Olney “small steam pipes going up through it to the house. Baby Olney sat on the floor and third floor make it doubly warm, and the stirred listlessly among the encompassing very first thing Lou asked was if she might cushions. Around him, like a wee excited just put Baby Elizabeth into her own room, dervish, whirled and trotted, tumbled and that hasn't even storm windows. I showed rolled Elizabeth. “Itty boy! Itty boy!” her the pane that opens in the storm win- she shrieked in a transport of delight. dow of the yellow room, but she didn't “Isn't she strong!" sighed Jackie's think that 'would be enough for Elizabeth's mother. "How do you keep her so well, big lungs'! When I went up to get her for Lou?” luncheon her baby was in short sleeves and "Plenty of air and suiting her clothes to socks—and with no flannels to speak of, the climate, and the usual recipes—justjust wisps! There was a regular draught what every one knows.” Mrs. Van Rens on the floor, and what do you think made it? selaer lifted a pitying glance from the She had turned off the steam and opened swathings of the little Jackie. "She wasn't both windows in the next room, her baby's well for months after she was born. We room. Of course the cold air got under almost lived in the nursery. Something the door. “At home Elizabeth sleeps in a about her stomach was wrong. Oh, I'm room where the windows are never shut and an authority on diet for infants!” I don't like to have her change,' Lou ex- “Then you know, Sometimes I think plained. I was anxious; it chills the house my doctor is too old to be quite He was a good deal. And think of her baby! my mother's doctor for thirty years and “Little Elizabeth is small and dainty, I'm so fond of him, but his medicine isn't but a perfect picture of health. She is doing Baby any good- fairly rough with Jackie, but he seems to “I don't believe Jackie needs medicine; like it. When she got too boisterous I tried I should get off some of those flannel skirts to carry him away and he cried. I've put and keep him in the air hours every day.” on more fire since the yellow room was so Mrs. Van Rensselaer spoke eagerly and cooled off and I can see Lou thinks it is too bit her lip when it was too late. warm, but I have to think of Jackie first. "He gets cold so easily I have to keep He would never bear roughing it like Eliza- him warmly dressed; and if I take him out beth. in cloudy weather he has a cough at once. "I miss you, my own dearest husband, I suppose every child is a different prob every minute. —Your own Millie. lem." Mildred spoke with gentle dignity. “P. S. Lou is really lovely. She went She was hurt, but one could not be angry to the club with me, and Mrs. Whitcher with Lou. There was comfort in the re proved to be an old friend of her sister-in-' membrance that Mrs. Durfee, peering from law, and she fell in love with Betty Pen- across the way, had seen the station car noyer. She keeps Elizabeth out-of-doors riage set down a Forbes-Van Rensselaer till I should think the child would freeze. at the Olney door, and had beheld the And I shudder when she puts her to bed. warmth of the Forbes-Van Rensselaer I went up last night and that baby was embrace. running around her mother's room stark Both the hurtness and the comfort Mil- naked, and after they caught her—they let Baby Olney's “Cure" 611 MY.cs.Watcomaxima “'Isn't she strong!' sighed Jackie's mother. 'How do you keep her so well, Lou?'” her do this every night-Irmgard, the about Jackie? You know Lou has the best nurse, opened a window quite a long way doctors money can buy and they seem to while they buttoned her into a kind of think her ways are all right. But children sleeping bag. The feet are whole, and the differ. If it wouldn't kill my baby I wrists quite close so the sleeves won't slip would try anything to have him as strong up. I was thankful to see that that gar as Elizabeth. But of course it would. ment at least was very warm and woolly. Your own loving wife.—Mildred." 'Put on a wrap and see Elizabeth go by Another letter in a hand neither small bye,' Lou insisted, and you know how nor noticeably neat went north as Jack's mothers are; I was afraid she would be followed him west. It was addressed to hurt if I refused, so I put a steamer rug Mr. William Forbes Van Rensselaer, around me and went into that frightfully Great Bear Camp, Pocomaguntic, Maine, cold room. 'Hop,' said the nurse, and that and this is part of what it said: “Dear old child pounced from her arms into the cold Van, I hope you're missing me atrociously. bed with a chuckle. The sheets are wool, I wish you were here. No, I but I call it dangerous. And that baby wish I were there— or we were both was asleep in no time. Poor little Jackie, somewhere. Together I mean. I want all warm and cosy in his crib, was an hour to talk. (Stop that, Van; don't you grin dozing off. I am getting a red face from at me.) I'm assisting at a murder. I the wind, for Lou is such a walker, and of certainly am. These two lunatics, Millie course I won't let her see I hate it. Olney and her husband, are stifling to "Do you suppose I am too particular death the prettiest baby you ever saw. . 612 The Outing Magazine Prettier than Elizabeth? Yes, sir. As his arm out. Lou thinks if I open the win- much prettier as angels are prettier than dow directly in his room the air will have humans. But I don't want Elizabeth more oxygen than coming from a distance. to be an angel yet. And no danger, I did it last night, and Jackie did seem less with your eyes to see the world with and restless after midnight. But I got cold my lungs to utter any foolish thing she running in to see how he was, and Selma conjures up under that thatch of dog- says she won't sleep so near the night air. colored Van Rensselaer hair! I've sent her upstairs and shall sleep here "Millie Kennedy (Olney) is just the myself. (1 am writing in the nursery.) I same dear pussy-cat I knew at school, the don't want to worry you, but Baby has kind that never gets over the fence. When been growing weaker. I hope I'm not she takes that angel infant out of his hot killing him by this new sleeping arrange- swaddlings at night and puts him into his ment. Your own, anxious, loving, devoted fur-lined bed and opens the farthest win Millie." dow in the next room one inch I crawl all The other letter was less anxious but the over with horror. No wonder the child subject was the same: “Is it a year or an takes a frightful cold every time he pokes æon since I saw you, Van, dear? Aren't his parboiled little nose outside the door. you rather wasted on Maine bears? Your If Mr. Olney were at home I should 'mix letters make me wild to be there, but I'm in' and say things, but Millie is a shrivel doing great things here. You ought to see of loose nerves, soft and frail and set. your officious spouse cutting out the doc- “I've put Elizabeth and myself into tor emeritus! I've bullied Mildred Olney August clothing and wrap like Esquimaux nearly into hysterics by my advice, and when we go out. The moment Elizabeth she's got that blessed baby unswaddled a begins taking colds I shall fly to town. I bit, one layer off and a fraction of a breath wish I had your tact, old boy. I'd save more air in. The poor little chap tumbled Jackie Olney's life. this morning trying to walk, tumbled be- “Don't get too far off; you might be cause his legs are so weak, and I just picked taken with appendicitis or something. him up and cried. And Millie discovered Sinful Smith told Fernanda that he would me and sent off Selma, her fool lump of a go along on the South Sea cruise—the nurse maid, and we had it out between Yoshi ought to be out of dry dock in an drops, as it were. You know I can plead. other fortnight. And she's agreed to try common sense “Elizabeth kisses your picture—and gradually, and if that works she won't need bites the case. After the sloppiest yet, to hurt the feelings of her dear old idol of a 'Wet kiss, Papa yike it,' said Papa's daugh doctor by calling in some one else. ter and smiled her wickedest. She knows "I took a base advantage and had the you hate wet kisses. Her sentiment seems children out-of-doors in no time. My Irm- early tinged with humor! Oh, Van, why do gard and I kept them out till Jackie fell I miss you so ridiculously! Your lone- asleep in his carriage as I myself (you some Lou. (Sounds like the title of a rag should have seen me) propelled him home! time song.) That martyred baby is four In spite of the stodgy Selma's horror I left months older than Elizabeth and can hard him on the porch well wrapped up, till ly walk at all. Think of it!" Mildred came in from market an hour later. Three days later two more letters bulged She was pale with scare when she caught the Hillcrest mail. One was brief: “Dear her first glimpse of him, but she had small Jack,"it went, “I get so little time to write, time for desperation-he woke immediately now Louise is here, and I am so sleepy at with the appetite of an anaconda. I have night, you are being shamefully neglected. not lived in vain. To-day I've made a nightgown of a lamb’s "I'm worrying myself wild this minute woolly stuff just like Baby Elizabeth's and for fear Millie and her offspring will get taken a blanket off Jackie's crib. Lou pneumonia and be carried off in a night thought they were too heavy. And I all through my fault. There's something sha'n't tuck him in so tightly. You see mighty steadying about your hard-hearted with this woolly thing close around his neck old self. I find I continue to miss you and and wrists he can't get cold if he does get ‘may you be a caterpillar in hell for a Baby Olney's “Cure” 613 thousand years' if you let Sinful persuade would come and I wanted to surprise you, you to stop over at Craig's Head.” Mildred interrupted. “No, I'm not crazy; this is Lou's Panhard and her chauffeur. The “small house” had been without They're here while she is in the woods. either Jack Olney or Louise Van Rensse Van broke his leg, slipped into some horrid laer for a long time when Jack again walked place covered with snow so he didn't see sedately from the car to the Hillcrest sta the rocks, and she took the next train. And tion. His eyes were cast down and his she left the baby with Irmgard and me. lips closed in the pressure that means fear. Irmgard knows all her ways and I had Then he looked up and the sedateness and learned them pretty well. Oh, Jack, I never the fear fell from him as the avalanche slips was so proud in my life, not since you asked from the mountain, with a rush and a me to marry you—and would you believe slump. It was a cold day, but Mildred was these weeks could make such a difference waiting on the platform in a little whirl of with our Jackie?” wind-blown flakes. Her eyes danced ab Big Jack looked down at little Jack and surdly and a small creature furred like an his eyes fixed themselves in a happy sort infant bear danced beside her-two small of blindness. Not even Mildred guessed creatures, differing to the casual glance how terror had lived with him in those only in the furriness of their wraps. weeks, how often he had started from a Jack swooped down upon the group, and dozing misery with the picture horribly a visiting broker regarded him with almost plain before his sight of a tiny white face bucolic amazement. “Is that John Ol and copper-gold hair framed in sick, sweet- ney?” he gasped. “I'd have said he was smelling flowers in a darkened room. He the coolest iceberg this side the Pole. By crushed the small figure in his arms tighter the Lord Harry, he has a good excuse! Is and said nothing. that his wife?” “I must see if Elizabeth is all right; I "No Yes! But I never noticed her be am always so afraid Irmgard may forget fore," answered William Pennington, sub- something," confided Mildred that night as stantial citizen and landholder of Hillcrest. they finished their coffee. “I'll be back in “There's a welcome for you. Doesn't that a minute." But she paused in her boy's give your bachelor bosom a jar!" room first and Jack was there before her. “Oh, I don't know; women aren't so “You know I wrote you that Lou had scarce, answered the visitor cheerfully; crazy ideas? Well, I don't think I ought "but, I say, hold up a minute, Penn. See to have said that, Jack,” Mildred began in those twins? Now if I could buy a pair her confidential little murmur. “Lou is like that!” really a sensible girl—she knew what Baby “One of 'em would cost you a pretty needed. How I should have blamed my- penny if you paid what he's, or she's, worth self if- I don't let Baby have quite such a in her own right to-day; that's the Forbes- gale as Elizabeth gets at night, and I do Van Rensselaer baby,” announced the keep the steam on daytimes, for he plays Hillcrest magnate, not without pride. here, you know, but I air it thoroughly be- "It is, eh? Well, he's getting his hair fore he goes to bed and he has one window pulled, and giving as good as he gets, which- half open every night. He's almost as ever he is. Oh—but this is rich! Let strong as Elizabeth already-Oh, Jack, I 'em have it out, now-don't separate 'em! wish I'd written you I wanted to be sure I bet on the little monkey in the fox skins!” I wasn't making another mistake I didn't The broker mounted to his place in his know you'd worried so friend's carriage with a backward grin of For Olney was again bending over the appreciation, and the unsuspecting Olneys crib where John Junior slumbered deeply, rescued from each other the two babies, one woolly arm flung out to the air, and each with a strand of red-gold hair firm Mildred was close enough to see what the ly clutched in prehensile mitten-fingers. big John would have concealed. Jack's eyes were shining with a look not “Oh, Jack!” she said again. unlike the childlike glow in Mildred's. “You baby!” answered Jack, and "Why didn't,” he began. gathered her into both arms and hid his “Oh, I thought every single day you face against her own. WESTWARD HO! BY STUART L. DOUGLAS W E were voyaging through the Great holiday pilgrim begun to discover that his Lakes in a steamer which for size own country is worth as much outlay of and luxury of equipment would time and money as Europe, and if he is a have been called a liner on the Atlantic. good American he is learning to think it In the summer twilight we came to the St. more worth while to discover his own land Clair Flats and the ship canal which un before he seeks the beaten trail of foreign rolled across the lowlands like a silver travel. ribbon. Here were hundreds of cottages “Going abroad” enjoys the prestige of whose porches overhung the water, scat many generations and its paths are deep tered along many little waterways which rutted. It has lost all claim to distinction, swarmed with skiffs and launches. It was however, and nowadays is not a thing to like a huge colony of stranded house-boats, talk about among your friends unless you for there were no other roads than these wish to bore them to distraction. The water trails. The man from Boston had tourist party has made the undertaking been gradually shedding his reserve as one so commonplace that to have whizzed peels off a coat of sunburn, and this summer through Europe implies neither a long sight struck him as so immensely pictur purse nor the slightest originality of intel- esque and novel that he deigned to make lect. I was once crossing in a steamer comment that was genuinely enthusiastic: which contained an average muster-roll “Do you know, the farther west I go, of touring Americans. Those who were the better 1 like it. Why, I thought the making their first trip abroad and felt in- people out here were so grossly absorbed clined to put on some small airs about it in making money that they had neither the were speedily cowed and abashed. They time nor the talent for enjoying life. There found that most of their fellow voyagers must be thousands of them in this Ameri had crossed from three to ten times, and can Venice. It's most extraordinary for a that the only passenger who enjoyed the big steamer to be loafing along here among slightest distinction was a veteran who was all these cottages. You could toss the tra doing his twenty-sixth "run across the ditional biscuit from the deck and hit a pond.” happy householder in the eye almost any Far be it from me to decry the enlighten- where. If it's going to be as jolly and in- ing advantages of sight-seeing in the Old teresting as this, I may set out to discover World, where age, tradition and the novel America.' aspect of people and things arouse the im- This pilgrim was one of thousands of agination and refresh the tired mind. But well-to-do persons whose view-point has for one American who returns in a wholly been twisted by the fetich of "going refreshed and satisfied condition, I will abroad.” This spell is perhaps more acute find you another who will confess to num- in Boston than anywhere else. Every berless irritations because of petty and summer the Atlantic liners running out of organized swindles and extortions waged that port are crowded with men and wom against the Yankee in a strange land, and en who have been bred to believe that to futile annoyance over bad hotels, poor there is no America worth the mention railway service and a civility that is won west of New York; and Manhattan Island, and held only on a cash basis. for that matter, is rather raw and uncivil Largely because it has been possible for ized. Only within recent years has the the man of moderate income to spend one 614 Westward Ho! 615 serve: ranean. or two months abroad for a considerably have spent millions of dollars to set forth smaller outlay than he could tour his own the attractions of this western country. country, he puts “seeing America” last in- They know that they "can deliver the stead of first, and it has been up-hill work goods,” and the newest movement toward to induce people who travel to listen to the teaching the American to be proud of his claims of the undiscovered land toward the own country aims to make it easier for him Golden Gate. It has come to pass, how to wander across the mighty map that is ever, that the journey from New York to so surpassingly rich in vivid and manifold California is considered worth talking about interest. as much as the trip to London or Paris, and One goes away from home on pleasure there are grounds for hope that at no far- bent, to see interesting people and things, distant time the average American with and for change of climate, scenery and money and time for a summer or winter conditions of living. The stupidity which holiday will take pains to study his own the West has had to fight is that of the land before he flies to the nearest steam otherwise intelligent person who thinks ship office to get a sailing schedule. that these requirements cannot be found The big West has discovered that it must in his own country. He will tritely ob- do more than talk about its attractions. It must meet the competition of foreign "Oh, the West is big and new and stirring, travel with inducements that appeal to the. but it lacks atmosphere and it's all so very pocket-book as well as to the imagination. much alike.” It is hopeless to attempt to It is setting a pace for the rest of the world convince the man who has not strayed be- to follow in the matter of railroad and hotel yond the Alleghanies that he knows almost equipment for the tourist. The transcon nothing of the real America of the present tinental lines west of Chicago have done or future. Yet if he would see vividly con- much more to make travel both swift and trasting phases of life, he will fare toward luxurious than the older systems toward the Pacific instead of toward the Mediter- the eastward. Better hotels are building, If he wishes a unique grandeur of and first-class service is being brought with scenery, he must turn his face toward the in the reach of the every-day citizen. Cascades, the Rockies, the Great Lakes and “That is all very well, observed an Puget Sound. If he would see the great obstinate person to whom these and similar glaciers go marching into the lonely sea he assertions were made. “Going west no will make the Alaska trip and have some- longer means roughing it, I grant you that thing big and fresh to talk about, instead I have been surprised to find how fast the of being contented to do the merry-go- people out there are learning how to live, round of Switzerland. and I can order a better dinner in Spokane In Europe one can escape with the than I can in Pittsburg. But the distances greatest difficulty the well-worn trail of the are so infernally great that a man is stone conventional tourist. And everything he broke by the time he gets anywhere. Then sees has been photographed and written it makes no difference to the poor beggar about until the first sight of it is robbed whether the hotels are good, bad or indif of all novelty of aspect. In western Amer- ferent.” ica the tourist can leave the beaten trail This is a handicap which the railroads wherever he feels like it. If he tires of are working to overcome by means of scenic show places and cities and hotels, he special rates, for they have come to realize may discover that no European country- that the tourist is the best advertisement folk are more picturesque than the vanish- of the West, and that the East must be ing American cowboy who is riding the educated through the man who goes forth ranges of the Southwest as one of the last to see for himself. Better and cheaper of the unique frontier types of American hotels and lower fares were the slogans of civilization in the making. Or one has the “See America First” conference held only to step from a through train in Arizona in Salt Lake City last January as an organ- or New Mexico or Montana to find himself ized missionary crusade among the states in the world of the prospector, the freighter beyond the Mississippi. The railroads, and the sheep herder, an atmosphere of Boards of Trade, and Commercial Clubs men and view-points of life no more like 616 The Outing Magazine that of Broadway than is the life of India It is possible that our pilgrim decided to like that of an English county. go down the coast from Portland to San If he would seek tradition and antiquity Francisco, and was amazed to find himself let him tarry among the villages of the in a fast train for a longer time than would Moqui and Hopi Indians of the Southwest be required to transport him from New and discover the relics of a departed civili York to Kansas City or New Orleans. He zation as remote as that of Rome. There revised his conceptions of American geog- is no more remarkable story of man's con raphy, but he could not accustom himself quest over hostile nature in all history than to the nonchalant ease with which the is pictured in the green valleys and among native hopped across the vast distances. the enduring cities of Utah, where the arid He had believed San Francisco and Los desert was made a garden by the Mormon Angeles related in distance about as are pioneers. Travelers from abroad seek Salt New York and Atlantic City, and when he Lake City as one of the show places of was whirled along in a limited train for America, and view the Lucin Cut-off across fourteen hours on end, he was again be- that inland sea as one of the most spectacu fogged with astonishment. Yet the Cali- lar engineering feats ever achieved. The fornian considers this as really little more average American of the eastern states than a commuting distance. thinks that the Mormons and their country This Portland Fair showed also that the cannot hold anything worth seeing because Easterners can be lured west by the thou- he differs with them in certain matters of sands, provided low rates of transportation politics and religion. are offered. The Fair achieved its most An observant tourist has said: lasting success in opening the eyes of a “Even a fast traveler will observe the multitude of men and women who took energy of the people, and will catch some this rare opportunity to see the land they thing of their enthusiasm and their large live in. They did more than visit Portland. conception of the United States. If by They swarmed amid the wonders of the going the long distance from one ocean to Yellowstone, they filled the summer steam- another a citizen of an eastern state has the ers to Alaska, and they skirted the Pacific physical bigness of his country borne in coast from Seattle to Los Angeles. Swing- upon him, so by acquaintance with the ing round the circle, they made the tour of people west of the Rockies he gets a larger the Yosemite, and came home by way of range of thought. They keep the hopeful the Grand Cañon of the Colorado. They temperament that is another name for tarried at Denver and Colorado Springs, healthful activity. and all along the route discovered that the Now, the western man needs no mission West is the great summer playground of ary propaganda to induce him to discover the future for those who can afford to the East. In this he is much less a provincial travel in search of health and pleasure. than his cousin of New York or Boston. A ten thousand mile tour of the United The Seattle merchant makes less pother States should be part of the education of about running across country to New York every young American whose father can than the New Yorker makes of a trip to afford it. Many youngsters fresh from col- Buffalo. The Portland Fair sent many a lege are sent tripping it around the globe visitor home with new ideas about the ease as a kind of extra preparation for their of long-distance travel in America. The work in life. A smaller investment in a man from the East gasped and blinked to circuit of their own country would make find a journey of a couple of thousand miles better men and more useful citizens of as airily mentioned as if it were a jaunt them. The “grand tour” of America is an between Philadelphia and Boston. If the undertaking that appeals to any man with pilgrim went out to the coast by one of the more imagination than a mouse. The old northern routes and tarried at Spokane, he trails have been made easy and the ways heard his acquaintances chatting about smooth so that such a plan can be carried "going over to Seattle to spend Sunday." out in more comfort than for any other like These two cities of the Northwest are as far distance on the globe. Let him set forth apart as New York and Pittsburg, but for via the Great Lakes from Buffalo to Duluth, all practical purposes they are neighbors. and make an inland voyage of a thousand PVC WORY Painting by P. V. E. Ivory. THE ROUND-UP CAMP. "A Spanish cavalier stood in his retreat. And on his guitar-r played a tu-u-ne, dear. .ܝ Westward Ho! 617 miles, steaming westward all the time. He deavor to convince him that he can find a does not know, he cannot glimpse, the pro more attractive out-of-doors and get more ductive wealth of the country until he sees of it for his money than he can in the East, the torrent of deep-laden traffic that hur where the wilderness has been tamed and ries up and down these noble highways made commonplace by the multitude of by night and day. The Atlantic voyage is invaders eager to leave cities and towns be- commonplace beside this cruise in the heart hind them for a blessed little while. of America. It is significant of the awakening realiza- From Duluth let our pilgrim work west tion that all this newer country is immense- ward across the prairies of the Dakotas ly interesting and refreshing to note how and the cattle ranges of Montana, then dip large a part it plays in the fiction and de- across the Cascades until he comes to the scriptive writing of the day. The Ameri- stately cities that look toward the Orient. can public no longer wants books of foreign Now he will begin to realize that the des travel, nor do publishers and magazines tinies of his own nation are closely linked desire this kind of material. They are in this Twentieth Century with strange coming to view their own country as a lands far over seas, as he watches the great rediscovered mine of vivid interest, and ships go out to China, Japan, and Honolulu their view-point reflects the drift of popu- and Australia. Twelve hundred miles to lar taste. The desert, the mountains, the the southward he finds himself amid the forest, the inspiring note that rings in the vanishing traces of the old Spanish life of big, free life of the western country and its California, as unlike the feverish modernity people, arouse more interest year by year. of San Francisco and Los Angeles as ancient It is an ancient jest that only foreigners Egypt. take the trouble to visit Niagara Falls, but If the lifetime of man seems too short a there is even more truth in the assertion that space for doing much that is worth while, the average American of the Atlantic sea- the Pacific coast preaches another doctrine. board is most astonishingly indifferent to Since the days of the Forty-niner this won the map of the United States beyond the derful people have found time to make not boundaries of his business and social activi- only a commercial empire but the greatest ties. He flatters himself that he has been playground in the world. There is no educating the West, while as a matter of resort anywhere to compare in wealth and fact it is the West to-day that seeks to popularity with Los Angeles, whose chief educate him by making a better and more asset is its climate. It is only one, how representative American of him. Nor can ever, of a chain of resorts along five hun there be any sounder tribute to the fact that dred miles of coast, whose hotels and en the country is worth seeing than that the vironment are far more attractive than traveler who has once made the plunge re- those which border the Atlantic. peats it at the earliest opportunity. And When the tourist takes the back trail, in many cases he “goes to stay.” Califor- it leads him among the Rockies, where the nia, for example, owes much of its swiftly ways veer in many directions, either to the expanding prosperity to eastern settlers southwest or among the hundred resorts who came once for pleasure and the sec- tucked away among the grandest moun ond time to live there. The West is so tains of the continent. It should be said confident of its power to charm and to hold of the West as a playground that while that it spends fortunes in advertising it- the first-class and pretentious hotels are self, confident of rich returns. The text increasing in numbers and patronage, preached by these hustling crusaders may good accommodations for the man of more be summed up in this fashion: modest purse are multiplying even faster. “We have the finest scenery and the Not only in the way of smaller hotels most delightful climate on earth. Our and boarding-houses, but in cottages and railroads make the distance to us not camps the West is taking lessons from the nearly as great as it sounds. Try a trip crowded haunts of the Adirondacks and west and we guarantee you won't be dis- the Maine and Canada woods. In other appointed. You need waking up. It's your words, there is no spirit of desire to rob the duty to see America first, and you'll be tenderfoot, but rather a systematic en glad you came.” SCHOOL AND COLLEGE WORLD THE SEASON'S WORK ON TRACK, FIELD AND RIVER BY RALPH D. PAINE 10 I-5 sec. 23 2-5 sec. 51 I-5 sec. IO I-5 sec. 22 3-5 sec. 50 sec. I mile 2 mile run sec. To min. 1-5 sec. 15 4-5 sec. 15 I-5 sec. 25 I-5 sec. 25 I-5 sec. in. 1-4 in. THE "HE intercollegiate track athletic hon feet 4 7-8 inches in the pole vault, smashing ors, East and West, belong to Cornell all world's records. and Michigan. Their respective victories The comparative records for the eastern were uncommonly impressive. In the east and western meets were as follows: ern meet, held in the Harvard Stadium, East the Ithacan team fairly swept the field with West 100 yard dash 38 points; Pennsylvania winning second 220 yard dash place with 23 points, Harvard third with 440 yard run Half mile I min. 59 1-5 sec. I min. 58 2-5 sec. 21 points, and Yale fourth place with 19 4 min. 29 1-5 sec. 4 min. 30 3-5 sec. points. The victory was a surprise, and it 9 min. 56 was largely won by Cornell's sensational 120 yard hurdles superiority in distance running, a prestige 2 20 yard hurdles Broad jump 23 ft. 41-2 in. In the four events, 22 ft. 63-4 in. heid for several years. High jump 5 ft. 11 5 ft. 81-2 in. the quarter mile, half mile, mile and two Hammer throw 147 ft. 91-2 in. 156 ft. Shot put 43 ft. 11 1-8 in. 42 ft. II 1-4 in. mile races, Cornell runners scored a total Pole vault I ft. 10 3-4 in. 12 ft. 4 7-8 in. of 29 points, or enough to have won the meet. This achievement is one of the most Other track athletic meets worthy of notable ever recorded in college athletic record were: rivalry. Much praise is due Trainer Moak The twelfth annual Relay Carnival held ley who has brought out more brilliant dis by the University of Pennsylvania. The tance runners for Cornell within the last entries numbered 1200. A world's record seven years than have been developed at was made in the four mile relay race by the all the other eastern universities. Cornell University of Michigan team, 18 min. has come to the front in a field of sport in 10 2-5 sec. The other championships were which, hitherto, American college athletes won by Dartmouth in the two mile race; have been considered inferior to their Eng- Pennsylvania in the mile; Mercersburg lish rivals. Academy among the preparatory schools; Four men won second place for Penn and Wendell Phillips School in the high- sylvania: Cartmell and Whitham who fin school class. ished first and second in both dashes, Has The New England intercollegiate meet kins who took first in the mile run, and was won by Dartmouth with 35 points; Moffett who won a place in the high jump. Brown second, 23; Boston Tech. third, Yale had two firsts, Marshall in the broad, 20 5-6; Williams fourth, 19 5-6. New and Knox in the high jump. Harvard records were made by Hubbard of Am- could get only one first place with Stephen herst in the low hurdles, 25 1-5 sec., and son in the shot put, Grant sharing honors Dearborn of Wesleyan in the discus, with with Jackson of Cornell in the pole vault, 120 feet II 1-2 inches. with a tie at 11 feet 10 3-4 inches, a new The Interscholastic meet at Philadel- intercollegiate record which was fairly phia for the Middle States Championship snowed under a week later in the western was won by the Hill School of Pottstown, meet. While the rivalry was as keen as ever, 50 points; Mercersburg second, 24; Brown and the entry lists of record-breaking size, Preparatory School third, 17. Five rec- the performances showed that the eastern ords were broken, by. J: H. Whitley of meet is no longer the premier event of its Lawrenceville, half mile in i min. 57 2-5 kind. The western meet was fully as sec.; R. M. Hunter of Philadelphia Central notable in the quality of its talent. Michi High School, two miles in 10 min. 17.4-5 gan had a team which would have played sec.; Wills of Mercersburg, 220 yard dash havoc with the program at the Stadium. in 22 sec.; Merritt of Hill School, 220 yard It so far outclassed its western rivals that hurdle in 25 1-5 sec., equaling the fastest the winning. total of 62 4-5 points, with collegiate time of the year. Chicago scoring only 20 3-5 points for sec In the western interscholastic meet at ond place, is likely to stand as a record of Chicago, seventy-three schools competed wholesale rout. Garrels of Ann Arbor from ten states. It was won by Lewis Insti- proved himself a phenomenal athlete, tute with 23 points; Detroit University worthy to be bracketed with Kraenzlein of School second, 17 1-3; Morgan Park Acad- dazzling memory, Garrels won 18 points, emy third, 11 1-3. New records were made including the high hurdles in 15 2-5 sec by Freeney of Ida Grove, Ia., in the pole onds. The hero of the college year in vault, 11 feet 31-4 in.; and Giffen of Joliet, track athletics, however, was Leroy Samse discus throw of 122 feet 4 1-2 in. of the Indiana University who cleared 12 The western interscholastic meet at 618 School and College World 619 Ann Arbor was won by Lewis Institute, 36 1-2 points; Detroit University School second, 33; Detroit Central High School third, 28. This was the most brilliant inter- scholastic meet ever held. Ten records were broken and two tied. Cook, a school- boy from Chillicothe, O., won the 100 yard dash in 10 seconds flat, broke the western intercollegiate record for the broad jump, clearing 23 feet 5 in., cleared 11 feet in the pole vault, and scored in the high jump with 6 feet 1-4 in. In other words, this schoolboy far outclasses any college ath- lete of the year: The Harvard-Yale dual meet was won by Harvard, 57 1-2 points to 46 1-2. Two new records were made: by Hail of Yale in the two mile run, 9 min. 53 3-5 sec., and by Sheffield of Yale in the broad jump, 23 feet 7 1-4 in., a jump surpassed this year only by the Carlisle Indian, Mt. Pleasant, who did 23 feet 9 in. against Lafayette. Princeton won the dual meet with Col- umbia, 72 points to 32. Zink of Columbia ran a half mile in 1 min. 59 1-5 sec., one of the fastest performances of the year. the year. BASEBALL The baseball season in the Middle West focused in a struggle between Michigan and Illinois for first honors. The Michigan nine drew ahead and fairly claimed the leadership after the decisive game, 8–4, on May 26th. While Michigan won three of its four games with Illinois, the series with Chicago was an “even break," with two games each. The Ann Arbor team won most of its minor games and was much more consistent than any of the eastern leaders except Princeton. With Illinois in second place and Chicago third, there were no other nines quite in the class with this trio. Minnesota and Northwestern had weak teams, and Wisconsin put no nine in the field. Sanger of Michigan repeated his success of last year as the best pitcher in the Middle West. In the big games he distinguished himself, but curiously enough in the only game played with an eastern team he was knocked out of the box by Amherst, the only time in his career that he was ever withdrawn from the game. The eastern nines made a topsy-turvy season of it, in that the alleged “small fry" beat the “big fellows" with more startling frequency than ever. The Princeton team won the right to claim first honors on the score of consistent form, with Brown and Cornell outranking. Yale, Harvard and Pennsylvania. In fact the record of the Tigers looms as the brightest feature of the otherwise erratic season. This team, with Bryan at the head of the pitching staff, defeated each of its chief rivals, Yale, Har- vard and Cornell, twice in succession and won one of its two games with Brown. The was a handsome tribute to the efficiency of the new graduate coaching staff. The Yale nine was one of the disappoint- ments of the year. It was twice beaten by Princeton, after meeting disaster at the hands of many minor colleges, and finished the season with the lone comfort of beating Harvard in the two games of the series. But as Princeton had already beaten the Cambridge team, there was no great pres- tige for the sons of Eli, even in this triumph. More interesting than the struggle among these hereditary rivals was the formidable showing of the so-called “minor teams.' Dartmouth beat Harvard for the second year in succession, and again Skillen proved himself the doughtiest eastern pitcher of Brown defeated Yale twice, and Harvard and Princeton once. Cornell was able to lower the colors of Pennsylvania, Columbia and Harvard, but was beaten twice by Princeton, and once by Yale and Bucknell. Pennsylvania and Harvard were so notably weak this year that they must be ranked with Yale in the second class. The Yale-Princeton series furnished the most interesting struggles of the eastern season, as both games were won by the Tigers in the ninth inning. In the first game at New Haven the Yale men went to pieces at the finish, when they had the game in hand, and after being utterly put to rout were beaten 3-2. At Princeton, Yale led in the ninth inning with two men out and two strikes called. Then with that sort of a whirlwind rush which was once called a “Yale finish,” Princeton batted out a victory, 4-3. The Yale-Harvard game at New Haven (score 4-3) was worth seeing because it was fought into ten innings with a hair-raising finish which delighted the Yale commencement crowd. For the first time in many years the Southern Intercollegiate Association fought out a clean-cut baseball championship which was awarded to the Georgia School of Technology. This nine played 26 games during the season, and won 23, against ten college nines. One of the most pleasing records of the eastern baseball season was made by the Andover Academy nine. These youngsters played first-class college baseball from start to finish. They defeated Harvard, Yale, the University of Vermont, and Amherst, and lost to Bates, Dartmouth, Georgetown and Cornell. The uncertainties of the college season have done the game a world of good. The smaller colleges and even the prepara- tory schools find a keener zest for the game if they have a chance of victory when they tackle those proud and mighty rivals who used to call themselves the leaders. There has arisen a democracy of the diamond which has wiped out the traditions of the “Big Four," or the “Big Six." ROWING season College rowing was never in such healthy condition at present. Encouraging as 620 The Outing Magazine efforts have been made to enlist the interest nearly ten lengths behind them came of more students by enlarging the field of Wisconsin, with Columbia two lengths in aquatic rivalry in such institutions as Yale, the rear, and Georgetown last, by five Harvard, Pennsylvania and Cornell. Last lengths. It was a procession, and not a fall a large number of dormitory and class boat race, barring the first three crews. crews were organized at Harvard, and more The four-oared race was won by Cornell, men rowed on the Charles than ever before. in 10 minutes and 34 seconds. Syracuse This plan of developing intercollegiate was a length and a half away, with 'Colum- competition, first worked out at Cornell, bia third and Pennsylvania in the rear. was also tried at Pennsylvania, and a hope The Freshmen victory fell to Syracuse, in ful start was made. At New Haven class 9 minutes and 51 seconds. Cornell was crews are flourishing with a new enthusiasm, only a length_behind, Wisconsin third, and the prizes offered last spring to crews Columbia and Pennsylvania behind them. that would get out and row for the fun of This was the best race of the day, but it it, were contested for by more than twenty was marked by the stupidity of a tow-boat eights. In rowing, as in other sports, the captain who refused to slow down, and colleges are making a determined and caught the Wisconsin crew in a swell which wholesome effort to get away from the wrecked their chances of getting second pernicious notion that the duty of the place. average undergraduate begins and ends Cornell's victory in this regatta taught with cheering for the university eleven or anew the lesson that brains and not brawn nine or eight. win races, and that Courtney has more brains The regatta of the American Rowing of the right kind than any other coach who Association, misnamed the American sends a crew to Poughkeepsie. Ten Eyck's Henley," made most commendable efforts style of rowing has been exploded, as it de- to attract school and college crews, and was served to be. It won one university race, fairly successful. Cornell failed to enter, but it cannot win in the long run against and the Yale crew was kept home by the Courtney's sounder theories. The Pough- faculty. Syracuse sent an eight, however, keepsie race has become a question of which won the junior college race against coaching, and Courtney is so consistently Harvard and Pennsylvania. For the Stew ahead of his rivals that this regatta is fast ards' Cup, Harvard put in her Freshman losing the edge of its interest. eight against the Pennsylvania University The Annapolis eight maintainea its fine crew, which had hard work to beat the record. The "middies" finished their ambitious youngsters by a length. Two rowing season with a string of three vic- school eights rowed from the Central Man tories over Columbia, Georgetown and ual Training and the Central High Schools Yale, and were defeated only by the Uni- of Philadelphia, in which event the former versity of Pennsylvania. This was almost The Stone School and the Cascadilla as satisfactory a season as that of last year, School eights were expected, but they when Annapolis won every race in which raced each other on that day at Boston. the crew started. In this year's race Cornell enjoyed another year of aquatic against Columbia the "middies" broke glory. Rowing Harvard at Cambridge on the two mile record of their course by 10 May 25th, the Ithacans won by three and seconds, covering the distance on the a half lengths, making an easy pull of it. Severn in 9 minutes and 30 seconds This victory was followed by another on At New London Harvard won her first Memorial Day when the second Cornell four mile race against Yale since 1899. crew won from Pennsylvania after a hard It was a clean-cut victory of two and a fought race on Lake Cayuga. These pre half lengths, after one of the hardest bat- liminary exhibitions hinted that Courtney tles ever seen on the Thames. Harvard would have one of his flawless 'and un won because of more power in her boat. beatable eights at Poughkeepsie to make Both crews were rarely smooth and fin- the intercollegiate regatta a walk-over, as ished, but Yale was fairly rowed off her usual. feet in the last mile. Coming after last As it turned out, the only interest in the year's remarkably close race, in which race on the Hudson lay in the fight for Yale won by less than a boat-length, this second place. Cornell was pushed by impressive Harvard victory shows that Pennsylvania over four miles of a good race; rowing at Cambridge has entered upon a but although Ellis Ward had the best crew successful era, and that the New London he has coached in years, the Quakers could race will be worth going to see in future. not overhaul the splendid Cornell eight, The time of this race, 23 min. 02 sec., was which won by a little more than a length slow, and does not show the class of these in 19 minutes and 36 seconds. Syracuse crews, which under more favorable condi- fought her way into third place, two lengths tions broke all New London records in behind Pennsylvania. practice. Yale won the four-oared race These three crews formed the first with ease and the Freshman race after a division, in a race by themselves. Trailing thrilling tussle for two miles. won. A “POCKET” GOLF COURSE BY VAN TASSEL SUTPHEN THEORETICALLY, the golf course is on paper it would seem to be feasible, and I submit it in the hope that some enthusi- try estate, as much so as are the tennis astic confrère may think it worth the lawn and the squash court. In point of trouble of working out in actual practice. fact, private links exist in little more than References to the map of our imaginary name. Seven or eight years ago, when the "pocket? course at once reveals its car- madness was at its height, many so-called dinal principle-condensation. It is un- courses were laid out over private grounds, necessary to argue the point that such a and while a few of them were well planned course would be unplayable under ordi- and properly installed, the great majority nary club conditions. Cross play is mani- afforded but a mediocre arena for the festly impracticable on a crowded green, practice of the royal and ancient game. but on a private course we have only to Nor is it difficult to assign the reason why. allow for the solitary couple, and that gives Even premising that the requisite acreage us our opportunity. is available, golf and landscape gardening Considering the diagram in detail, it do not meet on common ground. Putting will be observed that the playing area lies greens, adorned by pretty red and white roughly in the form of a triangle. Its flags, are all very well, but bunkers are width should be about 400 yards at the distinctly out of place on a gentleman's base, and this may be reduced to 100 yards lawn and shrubbery, and flower-beds and at the apex. The total length may be trees are particularly poor golfing hazards. placed at 550 yards. A comparatively re- The view-points of the head gardener and stricted space, and yet it contains nine the greenkeeper must remain irreconcilable, complete and markedly individual holes and the ordinary compromise simply, re whose playing distance aggregates 2,900 sults in the mediocrity already alluded to; yards—a very respectable showing when golf in a stage setting is an absurdity: compared with the cramped measurements But even if we dismiss the puerilities of of the average private course and not a few lawn-golf there are other difficulties in the club links. way. How about the up-keep? On a Although there are nine separate holes large estate it may be practicable to set there are only four greens, and this means aside sufficient acreage for a nine hole at once a saving of fifty per cent. in the course that shall be properly laid out and up-keep. In a modified sense this econo- adequately bunkered. To keep it in really my also applies to the fair green, as will be playable condition is another thing. Of apparent at a glance. Virtually, the whole course to the multi-millionaire this is of the fairway is in constant use and may merely a matter of money, but if expense be cared for en bloc. be an object, then the question becomes a In considering how to make the best serious one, for. it is no light thing to keep possible use of the purposely limited area the fairway and putting greens of a nine at our disposal, we will eliminate all ques- hole course in the pink of order. It must tion of local topography and deal with the be remembered that there is a minimum problem under the simplest and withal the of play on the average private course, and severest conditions. In other words, we every golfer is aware of the extraordinarily will assume that we have nothing but a beneficent influence of the human foot. cleared and level pasture at our disposal. As a rule, the more play the better for the To transform it into a golf course will course, and there is never any waiting at entail a certain initial expenditure depend- the tee on private links. ing upon the more or less elaborate nature The obvious remedy would seem to be of the bunkering, and may be modified at the substitution of quality for quantity. pleasure. The pond and brook at the back If the golf budget be insufficient for the of the 5-9 hole are not essential, as their proper maintenance of a nine hole course office may be assumed by a shallow sand let the number of holes be reduced. Six hazard. good holes are better than nine poor ones, In the planning of the course the prime or we may even content ourselves with a object has been to conform to correct triangle and play around it six times to golfing standards as regards the length of complete the orthodox match. The ob the holes and the disposal of the hazards; jection here is as obvious as the remedy and secondly, to introduce the utmost ele- monotony is fatal and a round of this art ment of variety. It is in this last essential less character quickly degenerates into a that most nine hole courses are weak, and sporting treadmill. so indeed are many links of the full size. A difficult problem, then, yet an allur Variety is the spice of golf, since the latter ing one to the contemplative golfer, and is assuredly an epitome of life. my solution is admittedly untested, but Examining the four putting greens, it 621 622 The Outing Magazine will be noticed that the 5-9 and the 1-8 are situated on the natural lie of the land and that they are plotted to be 20 yards in diameter. Thirty yards in diameter would be a preferable measurement, and of course their shape may be square instead of round. The 2–4 green is also 20 yards in diam- eter, but it is placed at the bottom of an artificially excavated “punch bowl" with a circular sand hazard on its upper rim. The material taken out, together with that removed from the various pot-bunkers, has been utilized to elevate the 3-6-7 green and also to form the turf banks that back up the latter. This green is the largest of the four and measures about 80 by 60 yards. It will be noticed that it contains three separate holes, but, if preferred, only one actual “tin" may be used. On the map, a sand pit is plotted before the green, extending about half way around it. The earth from this excavation may be used to still further build up the green above the general lie of the land. The putting surface, being artificial, should be approxi- mately level, while that of the other greens should preserve the natural undulations. We may now examine the separate holes and the play in detail. No. 1 (350 yards). Theoretically, a "first” hole should be of fair length and of moderate difficulty. A drive and a brassey should place the player on the green, and the regulation two putts make up the bogey of 4. There is a half-moon sand trap behind the green to punish an over approach. No. 2 (200 yards). This seems like a long distance for a one shot hole, but since the green lies at the bottom of a “punch bowl,” a carry, of 165 yards will clear the circular sand hazard and the roll of the ground will do the rest. There is a patch of woodland on the left, but the fair green is wide enough for all practical purposes. Failure to carry the hazard means, of course, an extra stroke, and only the far and sure driver can hope to equal the bogey of 3. No. 3 (300 yards). The direct road to the green lies over a pot-bunker 150 yards from the tee, and the trap is 15 yards in length. We may play to either side, but preferably to the right. In front of the green is a sand pit bunker which is 20 yards at its widest, the near cliff being perpendicular and the depth ranging from six feet in the middle to zero at the ex- treme ends. A drive and an iron should place us on the green, and we may ap- proach with confidence as the high banks at the back will stop a running ball. Bogey No. 4 (350 yards). The play runs back over virtually the same golfing territory, and it is therefore necessary to obtain as much variety as possible. We therefore notice that the tee is elevated while the green is the “circus ring” or “punch bowl” that was used a short time before for No. 2. This serves to differentiate the play, but we want length as well and the distance in a straight line is only a trifle over 300 yards. We therefore provide that the player's ball must pass the line flag. B (see map) on the left before it is in position for the hole. In other words, the ball can be only played for the green when it lies in the triangle marked by the line flags A, B and C. It requires a good drive of about 180 yards to accomplish this; anything shorter or wilder will necessitate an extra shot to place the ball in position for the approach. This is a new principle in golf, although it has its counterpart in the “elbow" holes occasionally encoun- tered on ordinary courses. In the latter case, however, the obstruction to the straight course is a material one (generally a piece of woods), while here the restriction is purely arbitrary. But the principle is a perfectly simple and practicable one, and its exercise adds much to the interest of the hole. Two perfect shots will put the ball on the green calling for a bogey of 4. No. 5. (470 yards). This is the long hole. There are sand traps to catch a pulled or sliced ball, and the third shot must be a lofted approach over the bunker that guards the green. A pond behind the green imposes an appropriate penalty for an over-approach. Bogey is 5. No. 6 (360 yards). The first one hun- dred and forty yards of the way lies over a wide and shallow sand hazard. A bas- tion-like bunker waits for the topped brassey and the approach is a gentle run- up. With ordinary play, the bogey of 5 is not difficult. No. 7 (290 yards). The actual distance is only approximated, as the “law of the links" provides that the ball must lie be- hind the bastion bunker before the return journey to the green can be begun. A moderate carry of 140 yards will accom- plish this, and the player will then have a brassey or a cleek shot back to the green, depending on his position. Of course, if the ball fails to clear the bunker, or does not lie behind the line indicated by the flags D and E, it will be necessary to play a short shot for position. The principle is a modification of that employed in No. 4. With no mistakes, the hole should be played in the bogey of 4. The high banks back of the green provide against an over- play, but a pulled ball will find the sand pit hazard at the left of the green. No. 8 (125 yards). This is only a mid- iron shot, but it must be accurately lofted if the ball is to clear the half-moon bunker and stay on the green. Of course, a bad top finds the depths of the sand pit. Bogey is 3 No. 9 (425 yards). Again we have re- course to the "out-and-back" principle of No. 7 in order to secure both length and variety of play. The law provides that the ball must lie behind the water hazard before it can be played for the green. Two is 4; A“ Pocket" Golf Course 623 470 (360)55s 380 (180) 170-350 Oot (380) Bso (180) 110):100- 290 (140) really good shots, that aggregate about A third consideration concerns the pro- 360 yards, will accomplish this result and tection of the greens. On some courses we the normal bogey is consequently 5. are eternally running our ball up to entirely Summing up, we find that the total unprotected greens, while on others we length is exactly 2,900 yards, or 5,800 yards are constantly confronted with the lofted for the double round. In the play, there approach. Moreover, we do not want all will probably be brassey shots on the first, our hazards either in front of the green or fourth, fifth, sixth and ninth holes, or behind it. On our "pocket" course, the ten for the double round. This is rather a first, sixth and seventh holes call for a high average for, as a rule, the ordinary running up approach, while a loft is neces- course is weak in affording opportunities sary at the third, fourth, fifth and ninth. for full shots with wood through the green. (Note that the second and eighth holes are But brassey play is a most important theoretically one-shot greens only to be factor in differentiating a first and a second reached by a stroke representing the full class course, and it would be perfectly value of the respective clubs used.) The possible to lay out a nine hole course ap proportion is in favor of the lofted shot, proximately 2,900 yards with not a full but the balance should properly incline in second shot in the whole round of play. that direction as tending to eliminate luck Average your holes at 320 yards apiece and flukes. and there you are. As to the disposition of the green Another element that must be carefully, hazards, the third and eighth greens are considered in the lay-out of a 'classical guarded by bunkers, placed in front. course is the construction of the greens. No. 1 has a trap behind and No. 7 is (par- Many links have all their greens arti tially) protected by a bunker on the left. ficially leveled, and this, of course, is op Nos. 2–4 and 5-9 are entirely surrounded posed to all the traditions of the game. by hazards. Nos. 3, 6 and 7 are built up But for the sake of variety in putting, we at the back to stop an ordinary overplay, may allow a certain proportion of the but a ball pitched beyond the bank finds greens to be leveled up while the rest are itself in the rough. The bunker in front on the natural lie of the land. In our of the third green belongs to the pit class, "pocket” course, the third, sixth and while the back hazard at No. 5-9 is water. seventh holes are on the level, and the As much variety as possible has been the others follow the natural undulations of object in view. the soil. În the general bunkering of the course Again, greens may be elevated, de the cross-bunker is used only on the sixth pressed or situated on the general level and seventh holes. But it has been made of the fair green. Referring to the map, of sufficient length (90 yards) to prevent it will be seen that the 3–6–7 green is sneaking off to either end. As it is in play slightly elevated while No. 2-4 lies in a both ways there is a trench on either side marked depression, and No. 1-8 and No. and the cop proper may be from three to 5-9 conform to the level of the fairway, five feet in height. Pot-bunkers are in- This again adds to the variety of play and dicated on the third and fifth and sixth consequently to its interest. holes, and others could be introduced, if 624 The Outing Magazine thought desirable, on the first, second and exterminated, as their holes are a continual ninth fairways. The triangular patch of annoyance. woodland or long grass, bounded by the It is upon the construction of our put- first, second and fifth holes, has its obvious ting greens that we must expend our most function in punishing wild shots. intelligent effort, for unless they are true As to hazards in front of the tees, a and smooth half the pleasure of the game topped ball at the fourth, fifth, sixth and is lost. What we want are greens covered eighth holes finds itself in difficulty-quite with a close sward of very hne grass with enough for this variety of hazard. Out the roots thickly matted. The presence of-bounds is supposed to skirt the course of clover on a putting green is an abomi- of the fifth and sixth holes—in both cases nation, for the ball drags on it and the on the right. The tees for the fourth, slightest amount of moisture makes a tre- seventh and eighth holes have a moderate mendous difference in the run; one is elevation. nearly always short on the approach putt. Bogey totals 37 for the single round and Equally objectionable is the so-called it is a rather stiff one, for a short drive summer or crab grass. This latter is a from the second, fourth, sixth, seventh, weed of the creeping variety and as it is a eighth or ninth tee will inevitably entail perennial the only remedy is to cut it out, the penalty of an extra stroke, and the root and branch. second shots on holes Nos. 4, 6 and 9 are Possibly the turf at our disposal may by no means kindergarten golf. The first approximate the thin-leaved variety, and and eighth holes are easy; Nos. 3, 6 and 7 in that case constant cutting and rolling are moderately difficult; Nos. 2, 4 and 5 will soon bring it into playing condition. call for first-class, steady play, and the Or, failing that gift of fortune, we may home hole is the hardest of all. Average play have some good turf at our disposal for would indicate a card of 42 or thereabouts. resodding. In the latter case, after the On the map, sand traps are indicated sod is laid, a light top-dressing of soil or by dotted areas, and built up cops by road scrapings should be applied to fill up parallel lines. The wavy, concentric figure the cracks, and then a sowing of grass at green 2-4 represents a depression. seed. After the first heavy rain, the sur- Return lines of play (seventh and ninth face should be pounded with a maul to holes) are marked by hyphen dashes. remove minor inequalities, and frequent Our “pocket" course should accommo waterings and rollings will be necessary date three separate matches without crowd before the resodded green is really playable. ing, or danger, provided that the second If it be impossible to build up a green on and third couples should not start until the the old turf and good sod is not available, preceding match shall have holed out on we must then begin at the beginning. No the second green. This is necessary to one has given more thought and study to avoid meeting face to face on the 3-4 and this subject than Mr. Travis, and I take 6-7 holes. the following paragraph from “Practical The practical construction of our course Golf”: is a question that is difficult to discuss on "Plough up the surface to the depth of paper. But a few hints may be of service. a foot or so and remove all loose material. To begin with the general character Then proceed to fill in a layer of sand a few istics of the land, the heavy clays and the inches in depth and cover it with loam thin, stony soils are both of them ill-adapt about an inch or so thick; on top of this ed to golf. The rich meadow loams look put a thin crust of well-rotted manure, well to the eye, but the herbage is apt to be and then another layer of loam of two or too soft and rank to give the best results, three inches. At this stage apply a dress- particularly if the proportion of clover ing of bone dust with a touch of slaked be large. The ball does not sit up properly lime. Cover this with a suggestion of on clover and has to be scooped away or sand and top off with loam, the surface even dug out. The ideal country for golf being raked and finely pulverized. Sow is the sandy subsoil covered by a close liberally with a mixture of recleaned Red growth of thin but rather stiff turf from Top, Rhode Island Bent, Crested Dog's which the ball may be nicely picked up Tail and Kentucky Blue Grass, and level with the wooden clubs. The famous sea off and roll with a very light roller." shore courses of Great Britain are all of As a rule, the chemical fertilizer should this true golfing character, but in this be avoided and the potash mixtures are country it is difficult to find even an ap particularly provocative of clover. Pul- proximation to the ideal, with the excep verized sheep manure is about the best tion of a few especially favored localities- enrichment for average soils and it con- for example, Garden City on Long Island. tains no weed seeds. The free use of sand Speaking generally, we must make the will work wonders on heavy soil, and as a best of conditions as they are, for it is general thing putting greens err on the impossible to change the vital character side of being too rich. Remember that it istics of our whole playing area. Ob is not the over-luxuriant growth of a lawn viously, we will clear it of stones, trees, that is wanted. bushes and all coarse growth. If there are The best cop-bunkers are those whose rabbits already in possession they must be embankments are of sand, rather than the American Athletes Champions of the World 625 ordinary turfed-over mounds, since the latter often permit the rubber-cored ball to run through them. The ditches should never be less than six feet wide, compara- tively shallow and filled with several inches of fine sand that will not pack. The same considerations apply to the con- struction of pot-bunkers or traps; their whole value lies in their capacity to stop a ball, and this they will not do if the sand packs. The proper quality of sand may have to be imported, but it is worth the trouble and expense. The tees on our model course are all on the level of the land, as they should be, and only, require to be made approximately level and their limits designated by iron marking pins. These should be changed as the ground shows signs of wear. The special problems in the construction of our pocket" links include a depressed 'punch-bowl” green and an elevated one (Nos. 3, 6 and 7) backed by sodded banks. This, of course, necessitates regular grad- ing operations with road scrapers and carts and entails a considerable expense. The amateur golf architect must decide for himself whether the increased interest and variety of play thus secured are worth the money it will cost. As already noted, the earth from the deep pit in front of the 3-6-7 green may be used to build up the level of the green proper, and also for the flanking walls at the back. It would be an interesting experiment if some enthusiastic amateur should under- take the construction of a model miniature course as herewith indicated (or on analo- gous lines), and the writer will be glad to lend his assistance in the practical working out of any particular problem that may present itself. AMERICAN ATHLETES CHAM- PIONS OF THE WORLD BY JAMES E. SULLIVAN "UNCLE SAME IS. ALL RIGHT.”— These were the cheering words which came by cable to the victorious team of American athletes at Athens, who had up- held American supremacy in these inter- national games against all comers. The Olympic Games of 1906, held at Athens, April 22d, under the manage- ment of the King of Greece, were, without doubt, the most imposing athletic spectacle the world has seen. The direct manage- ment of the Games was in the hands of a Greek committee of ten men, of which His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, was President, and to this committee is due the thanks of the whole athletic world for having brought them to such a successful conclusion. Other Olympic Games, such as those held at Athens in 1896, at Paris in 1900, and at St. Louis in 1904, suffer by comparison. Never before, in the history of the world, had there been such a gathering, and no- where else, do I believe, is it possible to duplicate the Olympic Games in the manner in which those of 1906 were con- ducted. The Stadium is built of solid Pentelic marble, and will hold over 80,000 people- between 44,000 and 47,000 in seats- while the corridors and aisles, if necessary, accommodate between 30,000 and 40,000 more. During the Games I doubt if on any day the spectators numbered less than 40,000, and on Marathon Day there were close on to 80,000 people within the gates. Everything combined to make the games the pronounced success they were. King George was in daily attendance; the Crown Prince, Prince George, Prince Nicholas and Prince Andrew never missed an event, and, on the opening day, His Majesty the King of England and Queen Alexandra were with the royal party. Prince George, who was president of the jury, acted as referee, and he and Prince Nicholas conducted the games in a highly satisfactory manner. At these games the athletic supremacy of the world was settled; every country being represented by its strongest men. Aside from the Stadium athletic events, the committee had arranged shooting, swimming and fencing contests; football , bicycling, boating of all descriptions, lawn tennis, etc. These events, of course, could not be held in the Stadium, and, when possible, were conducted in the morning, that nothing would interfere with the games proper. The swimming and boating con- tests took place in the Bay of Phaliron. There were twenty-four Olympic events contested in the Stadium. The American team, under the management of Mr. M. P. Halpin of the New York Athletic Club, were in fine condition, with the possible can 626 The Outing Magazine the opening event every seat would be occupied, while the adjoining hills formed advantageous spots for some 20,000 to 30,000 who could not afford to pay the entrance fee to the Stadium. SUMMARY OF EVENTS 100 METER RUN 1. Archie Hahn, America. Time: 11 1-5 sec. 2. F. Moulton, 3. Nigel Barker, Australia. America had four of the six starters in the final heat. I10 METER HURDLES 1. R. G. Leavitt, America. Time: 16 1-5 sec. 2. H. Healy, Australia. 3. V. Dunker, Germany. 400 METER RUN 1. P. H. Pilgrim, America. Time: 53 1-5 sec. 2. W. Halswell, England. 3. Nigel Barker, Australia. This was contested in six heats and a final. Hill- man, American champion, was in the final notwith- standing an injured leg. the rope. 800 METER RUN 1. P. H. Pilgrim, America. 2. J. D. Lightbody, America. 3. W. Halswell, England. Time: 2 min. I 1-5 sec. a 1,500 METER RUN 1. J. D. Lightbody, America. 2. MacGough, Scotland. 3. Hellstrom, Sweden. Time: 4 min. 12 sec. 5 MILE RUN 1. H. Hawtrey, England. Time: 2. J. Svanberg, Sweden. 26 min. 26 1-5 sec. 3. Ed. Dahl, Sweden. Daly, of Ireland, finished third, but was disquali- fied for crowding by Prince George. exception of James S. Mitchel, Harry Hill- man, Harvey Cohn, F. A. Bornamann and H. W. Kerrigan, who were hurt by, a heavy sea striking the Barbarossa on her way to Naples. Martin J. Sheridan was also disabled, but not seriously enough to prohibit him from scoring the greatest number of points of any athlete entered. America won eleven firsts; Great Brit- ain, with all her possessions-England, Ireland, Scotland, Australia and Canada. — won four firsts; Greece won three firsts; Sweden won two firsts; Russia, Austria, and Germany each won one first. The good all-round work of the Ameri- can team of track and field athletes is shown in the score. America was placed in sixteen events; but not placed in the five mile run, throwing the discus (Greek style), throwing the javelin, the pentath- lum or all-round championship, the bar- bell, dumb-bell, tug-of-war and climbing It can be truthfully said that the majority of the events in which we were not placed were not practiced in this country. Great Britain had men placed in eleven events. Sweden's athletic team was surprise. They performed remarkably well in the Stadium, finishing third in the num- ber of points scored, and having men placed in eight of the athletic events. The Greeks scored in eight of the Stadium events. They, however, lacked the practical knowledge of athletics and athletic training; but it is confidently expected that in 1910 the con- ditions will be different and the Greeks will have learned a great deal from the Ameri- can and English athletes. In the competition for points all of the places were taken by representatives of the eleven countries. Herewith will be found the official score of firsts, seconds and thirds, according to the point system, allowing 5 for first, 3 for second and 1 for third. The entry list was a large one, 901; taking in all of the events. Of this number, Greece had 298 competitors; France, 73; Great Britain, 66; Sweden, 57; Denmark, 56; Norway, 44; America, 43; Italy, 39; Bohemia, 37, and Austria, 35. The inter- national character of the meeting is best told by the entries. The countries repre- sented were Greece, including Athens, Sparta, Salonica, Smyrna, Samos, Isle of Cyprus, Isle of Crete, Thessaly, and the Grecian Archipelago; America, including two entries from Robert College at Con- stantinople; Great Britain, including Eng- land proper, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, and Australia; Germany; France; Swit- zerland; Bohemia; Egypt; Russia; Hun- gary; Austria; Norway; Italy; Holland; Denmark; Sweden; Turkey (Constanti- nople); Belgium and Finland. The interest taken in the Olympic Games was astonishing. As early as 12 o'clock each day thousands would make their way to the Stadium, and long before THROWING THE DISCUS-FREE STYLE 1. M. Sheridan, America. 136 ft. 1-3 in. 2. Georgantes, Greece. 3. Jaervinnen, Finland. The discus is thrown from a 7-ft. circle, the con- testant taking any position he desires, but he must not follow. THROWING THE DISCUS-GREEK STYLE 1. Jaervinoen, Finland. 115 ft. 4 in. 2. N. Georgantes, Greece. 3. Mudin, Hungary. The discus is thrown from a pedestal 31 in. long, 27 in. broad, 6 in. high in the rear and 2 in. high in front. The contestant is allowed to follow. MARATHON RUN (42 kilometers-26 miles, approximate.) 1. W. J. Sherring, Canada. Time: 2. J. Svanberg, Sweden. 2 hrs. 51 min. 3. W. G. Frank, America. 23 3-5 sec. Fifty-three men started in this race, thirty-three of whom were Greeks. Sherring spent some weeks at Athens, prior to the event, making himself familiar with the course. THROWING THE STONE 1. Georgantes, Greece. 65 ft. 4 1-5 in. 2. M. Sheridan, America. 3. Doridsas, Greece. PUTTING THE SHOT 1. M. Sheridan, America. 40 ft. 5 in 2. David, Hungary. 3. Lemming, Sweden. STANDING BROAD JUMP 1. Ray Ewry, America. Distance: 2. M. Sheridan, to ft. 10 in. 3. L. Robertson, THROWING THE JAVELIN 1. Lemming, Sweden. 175 ft. 6 in. 2. Lindberg, (world's record). 3. Soderstrom, The javelin is made of wood, about 8 ft. 4 in. in length, weighs about 1 3-4 lbs. and has a sharp iron point. This was a new contest for Americans. . American Athletes Champions of the World 627 S Maspoli ATHLETIC PENTATHLUM (All-round Championship-Five events.) 1. Mellander, Sweden. 24 points 2. Mudin, Hungary. 25 points 3. Lemming, Sweden. 29 points This consists of five tests: 1-Long jump without impetus; 2-Hellenic throwing of the discus; 3- Spear throwing; 4-Olympic Stade race; 54Greco- Roman wrestling match. The athlete scoring the least number of points is the winner. II ft. 6 in. 1. Gouder, 2. Soderstrom, 3. E. Glover, POLE VAULT France. Sweden. America. LIPTING THE BAR BELL-TWO HANDS 1. Tofolas, Greece. 142.08 kilos. 2. Steinbach, Austria. France. 3. Rondi, Germany. (Schneiderreit, LIFTING THE DUMB BELL-EITHER HAND 1. Steinbach, Austria. 76.55 kilos. 2. Camilloti, Italy. 3. Schneiderreit, Germany. 1,500 METER WALK 1. G. V. Bonhag, America. Time: 2. Donald Linden, Canada. 7 min. 12 3-5 sec. 3. Spetsiotes, Greece. RUNNING BROAD JUMP 1. Myer Prinstein, America. Distance: 2. P. O'Connor, Ireland. 23 ft. 7 1-2 in. 3. H. Friend, America. TRIPLE JUMP I. P. O'Connor, Ireland. 46 ft. 2 in. 2. C. Leahy, 3. Cronan, America. It was expected that Prinstein would also win this event, but he hurt his ankle in the running broad. STANDING HIGH JUMP 1. Ray Ewry, America. 5 ft. 1 5-8 in. S Leon Dupont, Belgium. 2. M. Sheridan, America. (L. Robertson, RUNNING HIGH JUMP 1. Leahy, Ireland, 5 ft. 9 7-8 in. Goency, Hungary. 2. Diakides, Greece. 3. Kerrigan, America. ROPE CLIMBING CONTEST-10 METERS 1. G. Aliprantis, Greece. Time: 11 2-5 sec. 2. Erodi, Hungary. 3. Kodsanitas, Greece. 00 TUG-OP-WAR 1. Germany. 2. Greece. 3. Sweden. SWIMMING AND DIVING. In the swimming and diving competitions, held at Phaliron, America was represented by C. M. Daniels, American Champion; F. A. Bornamann, J. W. Spen- cer, and Marquard Schwartz. Daniels lived up to his reputation, winning his heat in the 100 meter swim, and the final heat in i minute 13 seconds- beating Halmay, the Hungarian Champion, and Healy, the Australian Champion. Spencer, Schwartz and Bornamann were unplaced in their events. SCORE OF THE STADIUM EVENTS AMERICA ENGLAND GERMANY SWEDEN BELGIUM HUNGARY GREECE ITALY 8 I 5 3 I 5 4 8 1 5 3 I 5 4 I 5 3 9 a 3 3 is 5 3 I 8 100 Meters Sprint.. 110 Meters Hurdle. 400 Meters Sprint. 800 Meters Sprint. 1500 Meters Sprint. 5 Mile Run. Marathon Race..... Standing Broad Jump. Running Broad Jump.... Standing High Jump. Running High Jump.. Hop, Step and Jump. Pole Vault. ...... Discus, Greek Style... Discus, Free Style... Throwing the Stone. Putting the Shot. ... Throwing the Javelin. Athletic Pentathlum. Lifting Bar-Bell.... Lifting Dumb-Bell... Tug-of-War. . 1500 Meters Walk. Rope Climbing. Total. I 3 5 I 3 5 5 3 I 3 6 5 1 3 9 6 3 3 5 with 3 I 5 3 5 I 3 5 3 1 3 6 750 41 28 13 271 51 6 8 3 HOW TO MAKE TOTEM POLES FOR LOG HOUSES AND SHACKS BY DAN BEARD WING DONES B 8 TOTEMS date back to savage times, set up in front of an Alaskan native's hut, or emblazoned in colors and stamped upon a letter-heading, or tattooed with carmine and India ink on the bosom of a Jack-tar. When we go to the woods it is for the purpose of leading a primitive life, so it is right and proper to associate totems with our abodes in the forest, and every camp should have a distinct emblem of its own; something by which one may, at a glance, distinguish one camp from another. Thus, in speaking of permanent camps, log houses or wilderness homes, in place of calling them Jones's, Smith's, and Brown's, we could say the Beaver, or the Fishhawk, the Bear, or the Woodchuck, according to the totem of the camp in question. If totem poles were erected at all the public and private camps in the North Woods, it would add much to the picturesqueness and interest of the country. There is nothing about a log cabin or a totem which an expert axeman cannot make, and if you do not personally happen to be an adept with the axe, your guide or friend in the woods will do the axe work while you can make the plans, work with the saw and do the less skillful work. It is much less difficult to carve out totem poles than it is to build a totem bird; con- sequently we will devote most of the space in describing how to build a totem bird for the roof of the house or to surmount the top of a totem pole. inches, feet or yards, but for convenience in describing this we will suppose the log to be 101 feet long). Then at the distance of 5 4-5 feet from the end marked C (Fig. 1), saw the log in two at the line AB, then take the piece represented by the letters ABHGF, and saw off from the G. end of the log a diagonal piece, shown by the dotted line FG; G being a point on the end of the log 2-5 of a foot from the bottom, and F, a point on the top of the log, 1-2 foot from the end. Now mark another point at the bottom of the log at H, which is i 2-5 of a foot from the end, and cut off the part shown by HG. This will give you On the bottom of the log (Fig. 1), measure from the C end 2 I-10 of a foot to a point marked E; then measure 7-10 of a foot on the end of the log to the mark C, and from C saw down to Ď, which is 2 2-10 feet from the C end of the log. After sawing down from C to D, saw in from E to D; this will cut out the block CDE and give you Fig. 2. Fig. 2 represents Fig. 3. TOTEM BIRD Suppose that you cut in the woods a log 101 feet long by i 4-5 feet in diameter (remember that these dimensions are only units of measure and may represent THE HEAD OF THE BIRD and Fig. 3 represents the body. Do not be alarmed because the head of the bird is larger than its body; this is often a pecul- iarity of the totem birds. But to finish 1 cl 2 THE BODY 4 and make it more like that of a bird, measure i 9-10 of a foot from the bottom of the body (marked LN, Fig. 3), to a point M on the edge of the log, and saw off the piece NM. Now saw a line LK, parallel with NM, and make it 1 9-10 of a foot from L to K. Mark J on the back of the log at 2 2-10 of a foot from the lower end and then cut out the piece JKL. You will then have the body ready to fit on the head shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 is a smaller log of wood 6 8-10 of a foot long and a scant one foot 628 How to Make Totem Poles for Log Houses and Shacks 629 4 are x 11 in diameter. Two of these logs will be the feathers on used for the legs of the totem bird; to more securely it make them fit upon the body a piece may be well to 14 marked by OP (Fig. 5) will have to be cut nail the brace from the end of each log. The dimensions across from the of the piece OP are not given here because angle of the wing 15 they are of no par to the upright ticular importance. board (as shown It is only necessary to in Fig. 11). The cut the diagonal piece upright board in off so that you shall this figure is 16 be able to spike the supposed to be legs of the bird to its 6 feet long; the body. two boards forming the tri- 17 THE TAIL angle are each of this wonderful about feet creature is made of long. For the splits, shakes or clap- principal wing 18 boards, which feathers we need pieces of rough ma six boards, the terial rived from the first one being 3 feet long, the second 3 1-2 log by the aid of a feet, the third 4 1-2 feet, the fourth 4 1-2 Y x will tool known to woods feet, the fifth 4 feet and the sixth 4 feet. 10 Of men as a froe. Nail the first one onto the apex of the tri- course mill lumber angle (as shown in Fig. 11). On top of this may be used in the nail the second one, then the third, fourth, place of the rived fifth and sixth, as represented in the material, but it is not diagram. The second lot of short feathers as appropriate as the are represented by boards with the square former. To fasten nds which are nailed in place after the the tail on the bird manner of the clapboards on the side of a arrange the parts as house, with the edges overlapping (Figs. shown in Fig. 6; then 11 and 12). saw off the top ends of the tail feathers, THE TOP OF THE WING as shown by the line must be shingled (as shown in Fig. 13). If 12 RS (Fig. 6), after the edges of your large wing feathers are which take the y and so thick as to make the surface too uneven v' tail feathers, and for shingling, thin strips of wood can be nail them in place at tacked across them and the shingles nailed each side of the bird; to these next take w and w', strips. First x and x' and nail put on the them in place; this shingles A, will leave an opening B and C; in the center which is trim these covered by the tail 13 feather Y. Figs. 7, 9 jack-knife and io show the bird to the proper in its crude, uncarved shape to fit state with the tail and the space legs attached. Fig. 7 occupied by is the side view of the them on Fig. bird; ACB (Fig. 8) 13; then are the wing bones, tack on the which are nailed to other shin- gether and hung from gles down to the bird's shoulders. Fig. 9 shows the front D (Fig. 13); 21 view of the bird and Fig. 1o the rear view. over ABC We have put the bird together roughly so put the next that we may see that the parts will fit in row of shin- their proper places, but before we fasten gles, and the wings permanently to the body we overlapping must cover them with feathers, as in the them at case of the bird's tail. CBA cut a shingle to represent are represented by shingles, shakes or the 20 clapboards. In order that we may put marked Ein ZA with your MACH VIEW THE FEATHERS one 630 The Outing Magazine MCX VICW TOTEM 22 Fig. 13 The rest of the work is plain shingling until you reach the top where two or more of the shinglesshould protrude to represent shoulder feathers and 21 conceal the wooden joint at this point. After this is done the wings may be hung upon the bird and adjusted to the position which best suits the fancy of the builder. In Fig. 10 are shown THREE BRACES, Q, R and R' to hold the wings in place The braces and their position are largely dependent upon the angle at which the wings are attached to the body, and it is only necessary for the builder to remember that in making the braces for the wings he needs to make them secure as possible, and at the same time to place them in the position where they will be more or less out of sight. TO MODEL THE HEAD take the end of the log (which is now in the form shown in Fig. 14), and draw two lines across the center of the front end of it to represent the width of the bird's beak (as shown by FJ and GH); then shave off the side of the log from K down to FJ; do the same upon the opposite side, so that the log will now be in the form of a blunt-edged wedge (Fig. 15). To get the curve of the bill, cut off the line LM on Fig. 15 and next the line NO. Then it is an easy matter to trim off the uneven angle, and we will have the head in the form shown in Fig. 16. In case the distance from the top to the bottom of the bird is considered too great, it may be modi- fied by cutting off a piece represented by PŘSS (Fig. 16). The side of the bill may then be extended backward and flattened by trimming down the piece TUV to correspond with the rest of the beak. beak and the nostrils may be painted or carved, or both. When the head is finished it may be attached to the top of the body by a hard-wood peg driven down through an auger hole bored for that purpose, the wings spiked in place and the bird made to assume any pose you choose. Swing the body forward or backward on the legs and then nail it securely in the position you desire. Fig. 21 shows the manner in which the wing-bones are nailed to the back of the bird; and Fig. 22 shows the bird half covered with feathers and showing the framework. Fig. 23 shows A KILLALOO TOTEM BIRD made to be placed upon the ridgepole of a log house. In Fig. 23 the killaloo has the feathers carved upon its body and legs, but its back is shingled. This bird should be painted in very brilliant savage colors: red, black and yel- low. In making the totem the animals that you represent may be extremely crudely made, but there are certain char- acteristics which must be remembered when you are attempting to represent certain animals; for instance, if you make the beaver, you can make his head big or little, his body long or short; but his paddle- like tail must not be forgotten, neither must the chisel-like teeth, which are characteristic of the family to which the beaver belongs. 1906 THE CREST FEATHERS at the back of the head are made by sawing off a triangular piece EDB (Fig. 14), which leaves the back end of the log in the form shown by Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18. The crest feathers may be indicated by cutting grooves or simply painting broad lines (as shown in Fig. 18); and in the same manner the eyes, the opening of the 23 47. A - - MAKING THE COUNTRY HOME BY EBEN E. REXFORD ABOUT THE GARDEN IT comes. use. would soon wither and fall off. Exami- T is a good plan to remove at least half nation showed great quantities of fungus the tomatoes that “set”. This throws growth on the plants. Of late years the strength of the plant into the fruit spraying with Bordeaux mixture has been left, and gives you a much better general resorted to, beginning about midsummer crop than you are likely to get if all the and keeping it up until the end of the fruit that forms is allowed to remain. season, which comes with the first hard frost. The result has been very satis- PLANTING STRAWBERRIES factory. Those who are fond of this really delicious vegetable will do well to If you have strawberry beds to make, make a note of this. now is the time. It is not advisable to Make another sowing of beets of the wait longer. Spade or plow up the soil small, turnip-shaped variety to furnish well, and enrich it liberally. Lay it out in material for one of the most appetizing rows, so that the hand-cultivator can be used pickles for winter use. They will be of to advantage in keeping down weeds and just the right size when canning season stirring the soil. The hand-cultivator is a In order to have them delicate great labor saver of the garden, and every and tender—as they must be to make a thing ought to be planted with a view to its fine pickle—see that the soil in which they Set your strawberry plants about are sown is given a good dressing of a foot apart in the row, and let the rows manure. You cannot grow fine-flavored be at least three feet apart. I have been and fine-textured vegetables in a soil that asked to name a few of the best varieties has parted with most of its nutritive for garden cultivation, where quality is qualities. considered more than quantity. This is Set out celery for the late crop of the something that cannot be done satis season. Keep the plants growing steadily factorily, because a variety that does well by feeding them well and cultivating them in one locality may prove an utter failure thoroughly. Here is another place where in another. Soil has a great deal to do the hand-cultivator will be found indis- with successful strawberry culture, and pensable. As the earlier planting reach one must plant the kinds best adapted to sufficient size for handling, begin to earth the soil of his particular locality. I would them up, or blanch them by setting boards advise consulting local growers, always, up on each side of the row. Let these before deciding on what kind to plant. boards come nearly to the top of the plants, That is the only safe plan for the amateur and almost meet at the top, that nearly to pursue. If runners start, shortly after all light may be excluded from the space the young plants become established, clip below. them off promptly, that all the strength of Continue heading back the young canes the plant may go to its own development. of blackberry and raspberry plants, to You will depend upon it for next season's secure compact growth and branches well fruit, and it will need to concentrate all set with laterals. its vigor upon itself in order to be able to At this season asparagus stores up meet the demand that will be made upon material for the crop of next year, there- it then. Old strawberry beds which seem fore manure should be used liberally, and too valuable to plow under will be bene the beds given the best of cultivation. If fitted by having all their old foliage mowed "rust, which is simply another name or burned off. for disease of a fungoid character, attacks Spray the grape clusters with Bordeaux this plant, cut the tops off at once and mixture, to ward off fungus and prevent burn them. It is well to go over the entire rot. Continue to do this until they begin garden and gather up whatever you find to show signs of ripening. in it that looks at all "rusty," and add it I have found it advisable to spray cucum to the burning heap. If this is done each bers with this mixture. This is not gener year it will be conducive to the general ally done, but if it were, I feel quite confi health of the garden. dent that the so-called blight which is Cuttings of currants for spring planting complained of in many localities during ought to be made now. It is a good plan the latter part of the season, could be to go over the old bushes and remove largely prevented. In the writer's vicinity from half to two-thirds of the growth of this vegetable is grown largely for pickling, the season. Much of this can be used as and the crop formerly fell off at the time cuttings. These should be from six to when it ought to have been most profit- eight inches long. Dig a little trench and able, because, the growers said, it "hlight set them in it in rows, all slanting in one ed.” Young cucumbers would form, but direction. Cover them to within an inch 1) 631 632 The Outing Magazine of their tips. Pack the soil down well as you do this. Not one in a hundred will be likely to fail. Discard all but the im- proved varieties. Sow spinach for a late crop, if you are fond of greens''-also beets. For this purpose, the seed should be thickly sown in a quick, warm soil to insure the rapid growth which is necessary to success. Tomatoes intended for market should be gathered just as they begin to color, and spread out on layers of straw or hay, fully exposed to the sun. Cover them at night to keep them dry. Treated in this manner they will color better than when left on the vines and be far less likely to rot. Early picking will not interfere with their flavor in the least. On the contrary their exposure to strong sunshine will give them a favor superior to that possessed by any left on the vines to ripen. of their strength is wasted. Better watch them during the season of growth, and prevent this waste by not allowing un- necessary branches to develop. If there are any thin spots in the lawn, scratch over the surface of the ground and sow lawn-grass mixture thickly. This is better than waiting for the grass sur- rounding the spot to spread into it—better, because quicker in results. Use the hoe about the lilacs. Clip off every sprout that you do not have any use for. Neglect to do this, and you will soon have such a thicket of these plants that they become a nuisance. Kept with- in proper bounds they are about the best of all our shrubs, because of their entire hardiness, rapid development and great beauty and profusion of bloom. Hybrid perpetual roses will require attention now if you want a fine, late crop of flowers from them. Cut away all the weak growth. Thin out the branches so that there will be a free circulation of air to prevent mildew. Shorten the stronger branches and manure the plants heavily. Bear in mind the fact that flowers are always produced on new growth, and without this you stand no chance of getting them. Therefore a late crop of bloom depends entirely upon the continued ac- tivity of the plant, which must be en- couraged in all ways possible, but chiefly by pruning sharply, and feeding well. Even then you need not expect many flowers, but the few you do get will be large and fine, and every one will repay you for all the labor you expend on the bush that produces it. MUSHROOMS FOR THE MARKET Mushroom growing for the market is very profitable, if properly managed. Those having greenhouses can grow this delicious vegetable under the benches to advantage at this season. It will do well in cellars where the temperature can be kept at about fifty or sixty. This should be kept as even as possible to secure best results. Collect a lot of fresh horse- manure, rejecting the coarser portions of it. Spread it out, to prevent premature heating, and fork it over several times, at intervals of a few days, before using it. Make the beds about eighteen inches deep, three or four feet wide. Pound the manure down well. Let it ferment thor- oughly before spawning it. Test its tem- perature with a reliable thermometer, by inserting the instrument in the soil, and leaving it there until the full temperature of the bed is registered. When it indicates eighty or ninety degrees, sow your spawn, which should be of the best, and which can be procured of nearly all seedsmen or florists in the larger towns. Break it in pieces about the size of a small egg, and put it two inches under the surface and about six or eight inches apart. After about a week's time cover the bed with two inches of fine loam and wait for results. ABOUT THE FLOWER GARDEN mauve ABOUT THE HOME GROUNDS Perennial phlox will be coming into bloom now. Note the disposition of colors in the bed and mark for removal any that fail to harmonize with the general color- scheme. The lilac and sorts, though very lovely by themselves, are elements of discord when grown along with the scarlet and carmine varieties. Put them where they can have the contrast of pure white kinds only and they will delight you. Never depend upon self- sown plants for your stock. Perhaps they may prove to be like the parent varieties, but the probabilities are against it. As a general thing they revert to the original type, which is not at all what you want, if you are particular about your plants. The only way in which you can obtain the choicer varieties is by buying them of the florist, who propagates them by division of root-never from seed. It is possible that you may get some really fine plants from seedlings, but you can never depend on doing this. Another hint is, use a good deal of the white sorts if you want to bring out the rich coloring of the dark sorts most effectively. Contrast heightens them wonderfully. Complaints come in that the borer, which of late years has done so much harm among many kinds of fruit trees, has begun to work on the mountain ash, and a remedy is asked for. I know of but one, and that is a wire stiff enough to kill the grub by running it into the hole he has made. Go over the shrubs, and wherever you find a branch growing that does not seem to be needed, cut it off. Do this with a sharp knife to avoid mutilating the plant. By putting off the pruning of shrubs until the season of growth is ended, a great deal Making the Country Home 633 AMONG THE HOUSE PLANTS If the hollyhocks show signs of rust, as shift about, as that would prevent the quite likely they will at this season, be formation of roots. prompt in the use of Bordeaux mixture. See that it gets to every part of the plant, and especially to the lower side of the Look well to the chrysanthemums, foliage. If any stalks are badly affected whether growing in beds or pots, as this it will be well to cut and burn them at is a critical period for them." Give them once, to prevent the spread of the disease their last pinching back this month, as as much as possible. they will begin to bud by the first of See that the dahlias are well staked. September. See that they are well staked, Keep them well watered. Allow no weeds for a sudden wind-storm would work sad to grow about them. Mulch the soil above havoc among top-heavy plants of their their roots with grass clippings. brittleness. Be constantly on the lookout Treat beds of teas and other tender roses. for the black beetle. He is likely to come of similar habit in the same way. Let at any time. If he puts in an appearance the mulch be two or three inches deep. use the Ivory soap infusion mentioned This breaks the force of the sun's rays, last month, and use it thoroughly until he thus helping to keep the roots of the plants concludes to take his departure, as he soon cool, and it prevents rapid evaporation of will, if you go in for heroic treatment. moisture-two items of great importance If your plants are growing in the garden, in the cultivation of these roses. Two get ready for potting them early next other important items are: a frequent month. Prepare your compost, get your shortening of the branches, as advised pots together, and fix up some kind of a for hybrid perpetuals, cutting back to a shelter to put them under for a week or strong branch-bud; and very rich soil. ten days after potting them. Sow seeds of hardy perennials from Roses grown in pots will need re-potting which to secure a stock for next season's now, in order to get them growing vigor- flowering. Young plants are greatly pref ously for winter. Use a rather heavy soil, erable to old ones. Those which get a as these plants like to feel the earth firm good start this year will bloom strongly about their roots, not too large pots, and next, but plants from seed sown in spring see that drainage is as good as it can be cannot be depended on to give flowers the made. Separate old plants of Boston, Pierson If you have choice varieties of clematis and Foster fern, and start new plants from whose stock you would like to increase the division of their roots. Give them a without disturbing the old roots by divi soil of leaf mold or turfy matter and loam, sion, lay down some of the lower branches, with some sharp sand mixed in; water and cover with about an inch of soil. them well, and keep them in shade. These will root at their joints and furnish Shower them daily. Use a handful of you with good plants for another year. fine bone meal to each pailful of compost. But do not separate the branch you lay In this way you will get much finer plants down from the parent plant this season. for winter use than you can make out of Wait to see how the young plants come the old ones. out in spring, before doing that. It may I would not advise entire re-potting of be found advisable to leave them a while geraniums intended for use in the winter longer, to form roots strong enough to window-garden. Remove as much earth warrant you in making independent plants from the top of the pot as you can without of them, and while they are doing that they seriously disturbing the roots below, and must draw their support largely from the substitute fresh soil for it. Geraniums, as old plant. a general thing, do not have many roots, Nearly all plants of shrubby character therefore large pots are not needed by can be increased by layering. It is a them. I supply my plants with nutriment good plan to make a little cut at the place in winter by the use of such fertilizers as where roots are expected to form. Take bone meal, or some of the chemical foods a sharp knife and cut up about half way which contain the elements of plant through the branch, from the lower side. growth. If this is done with all pot- Insert this cut in the soil, bending up the plants, smaller pots will answer all pur- end of the branch till it assumes an upright poses, as a large quantity of soil is not position. It may be necessary to make depended on to supply nutriment. the portion of branch covered by soil firm If there are any changes to be made in its place by placing a stone on it, or by about the windows at which you grow pegging it down well. It is quite impor flowers in winter, it is well to make them tant that it should not be loose enough to now while the plants are outside. first year. HOW TO ACQUIRE “HANDS” ON YOUR HORSE BY F. M. WARE " ANDS” may perhaps be defined as on the floor, with knees bent at right angles, and you'll find yourself sitting as you never ively controlling, a horse, through manipu sat before, and driving as you never lations of the bit or bits; frustrating his knew you could. efforts at insubordination; and developing In riding, attitude has all to do with his greatest powers of speed, of action seat-and seat is hands; or rather, you and of agility. The possession of good can never develop hands if you have not hands on a horse,” whether for driving or a perfect, and an unconsciously balanced, riding, is a horseman's proudest and rarest seat. All seats—from the nearly straight possession, occupying a pinnacle in his lines of legs and body in the cowboy rider regard which in most cases he personally to the acute angles of the modern jockey, never attains; generally through a mis are the same in effect so far as the center apprehension of what hands really are, of gravity is concerned; all hands, from and how they may best be cultivated. those of la haute école to those of the last Strangely enough the acquirement of crack lightweight, are developed along this accomplishment depends but little the same elementary lines, and depend for upon the hands themselves, and the title success upon the attitude of the rider in is really a misnomer. Hands, whether the matter at issue. “Head up, shoulders n driving or riding, consist of the following back, waist hollow, seat down in the factors: attitude; sympathy; decision; in saddle,” is no mere riding-school routine tuition; delicacy of touch; nerve; com formula, but the gist of the whole matter mon sense, and practice. The more you of acquiring hands. Again, attitude is a use horses the more you will find that huge percentage of the whole. these are the elements involved, and that Sympathy, in a way, is the same as the hands themselves are merely the agents another important element-intuition- of the human will-nearly useless, if the but in this connection is used chiefly to other essentials are wanting or undevel indicate the faculty of instantly discovering oped. To these various elements any one how a horse is mentally: how he likes can award such percentage of importance things arranged, how far he should have as he may elect, but he is certain to find his way, how best to handle his mouth and that the chief one is attitude. to bit' him, how to reward his obedience, Attitude is of vital importance-not the how to frustrate his rebellion, etc. Many grotesqueness of position which so many horsemen, while giving much time and affect, but the erect carriage (when driv thought to the capable handling of horses, ing) with hollowed waist, sitting fairly on fail signally after all, because they lack the thighs, and neither perched against a sympathy with a dumb beast; have not too-high cushion on the one hand, or the faculty of putting themselves in the slouching on the backbone with rounded horse's place, as it were; are too domineer- shoulders on the other; the feet under the ing or impetuous to allow any departure weight, rather than braced out in front; from the process of what they determine the elbows neither absurdly akimbo, nor is proper. Sympathy prevents quarrels. glued to the ribs, but falling naturally; A horse quickly perceives the lack of it, the hands carried neither under the chin, and will work his heart out for a man nor in the lap, but about opposite the who has it. As a man said to the writer watch-chain. The exaggerated position recently, of a passing equestrian: "There of the latter-day "flash coachman, and goes the biggest duffer on a horse I ever equally. "flash" amateur, perched on the saw, but it's funny how he buys bad- edge of the cushion, with the heels back tempered, crazy brutes and they all carry against the seat-riser, and the knees very him quietly: Close study of this inter- much bent, has at least the advantage that esting individual proved that he was (to the waist must be hollowed, the position all appearances) exactly as described, erect, and the feel—the “take and give” having apparently no other attribute of of the hands much more elastic and subtle. equestrianism save a wholesome well of Try it, and see how you and the horse “get loving sympathy which the dumb creatures together” as you never have done before, recognized and appreciated as we of nobler and how much more easy it is for you intellect wholly failed to do. Moral: sym- both. Never mind the foot-brace against pathy, merely as a work-a-day mercan- which you have always rested your feet tile asset, is not to be undervalued! that is placed there in an arbitrary way This God-given attribute it is which by the carriage maker. Put your feet flat enables the average woman to get on so 634 How to Acquire “Hands” on Your Horses 635 surprisingly well with horses. Alice will accident · Their methods may, at a crisis, tell you with gentle pride how Moonlight seem rough, but whatever they are, they recognizes her voice, her touch on the comprise the one particular' treatment reins, and all those other dangerous fables needed at that one particular moment. This so dear to the feminine heart. Moonlight is hands in the finest development, and does nothing of the kind-he would not intuition makes the thing possible. know her from Adam (or rather Eve) Delicacy of touch is where the average among a crowd, but he would recognize and amateur "falls down.' He has a general respond to her sympathetic influence just idea that "hands" means just touching his as he would to that of any other woman horse's mouth, and that to pull or to handle whom he had never seen before, were she the mouth roughly is always wrong. Hence equally blessed with that divine sentiment. his horse is generally “behind the bit,” Granted this one boon, a horse will forgive and does not face the hand at all, being much. neither collected nor always under con- Decision should never, in handling horses, trol. Nothing is more dangerous in every be confounded with unwise determination sense, for both the animal and his pilot to have things your way. In this appli- should always be prepared to stop, start, cation it means the faculty of doing the or turn in any direction, and this can be right thing at the right instant, and may assured only when the horse is in hand. be cultivated by frequent practice with all A delicate touch is perfectly possible even sorts of horses, and of course no hands in the most severe forms of collection; were ever developed by handling any one firmness and roughness are by no means animal, or any one kind of horse. It is the same thing. The horse must face his decision that gives the hand the moment bit, and if he does not otherwise, the whip the horse yields; that uses the roughest must make him. Delicacy of hand is a methods at a pinch, for hands are by no graduated scale which applies to the puller means always delicate of touch; that as well as to the sluggard, and gets the best frustrates the most determined attempts results from both. If any one plays upon of kicker, rearer or bolter; that picks the a musical instrument well, he will certainly best road; that makes the animal carry have a light touch on a horse's mouth, and himself to the best advantage for the pur as most women possess such accomplish- pose of the moment. Decision is very ments, this, together with their sympa- close to intuition in effect. Decision thetic natures, gives them that success dominates the situation at many critical with horses at which we so often wonder. moments, and the horse is quick to discern Mere strength has no value in these pur- and to presume upon its absence. There suits, and those possessed of it are almost is no such thing as a safe partnership with invariably as heavy-handed with a single a horse; you must be the master, or he horse as are those who drive four-in-hand will be, to your certain future discomfiture. a great deal, or who have essayed it before Intuition is so akin to sympathy that driving one horse much. they go hand-in-hand, and in horseman Nerve is so much a matter of perfect ship we have no finer exponents of its de physical condition in the biped that it velopment under all sorts of conditions than may always be greatly improved, and the among the “nagsmen” who ride and drive last element-practice will do much to 'green, rough sale horses, or, better strengthen it. We have usually ample still, handle the dozens of horses, possessed nerve in any pursuit, however hazardous, of every imaginable vagary of temper and to which we are thoroughly accustomed, infirmity of physique, that come to the and, barring too many or too serious acci- large auction sales. Most of these animals dents, this is sure to be the case in handling arrive on the day of sale with no instruc horses. Their management then becomes tions as to their personal peculiarities; so nearly automatic that we do not think the “nagsmen” never see them until they much about it-and it is only what the start to show them for sale, and their jobs mind dwells upon that affects nerve. Any depend upon their displaying the animals parents who, given the means, do not to the very best advantage in the two insist upon their children's intimate ac- minutes or so allotted to each horse. The quaintance with, and personal management success these men have is really marvelous, of, horses-for at least all pleasure purposes due to a liberal education in horse hand -neglect a most important item of a liberal ling and a remarkable evidence of the value education, and deliberately interfere with of intuition in the matter of hands; for the development in their children of the while they probably could not tell you just vital elements of self-dependence, patience, why they do what they do, results speak good temper and coolness, or nerve, in for themselves, and the puller, the one emergencies. rein driver, the kicker, the balker, the Common sense—and horse sense are crazy and the gentle, the speedy and the naturally included in the list of neces- slow, the high-stepper and the trotter-all saries. This happy faculty is a regular do their best with them. These same men, stopgap everywhere and anywhere among every day and all day, handle green, timid the various other attributes, and lacking horses among all sorts of terrifying city such intelligence no success is possible. sights, and yet practically never have an The habit of observation, of imitation, of 636 The Outing Magazine appropriating the worthy points in any undertaking, is absolutely a matter of healthy mental digestion. If one cannot appreciate the reasons for all the methods he sees used, and adopts for himself, he should at least resolve to accept nothing for which he cannot give a thoroughly good argument to himself. A horse is never to be whipped, jerked, etc., unless one has a reason for the act-yet not half the time does the brain thus justify the deed. We rarely do anything as well as we really know how, but hands are so automatic, once they are acquired-just as is piano-playing, etc., to the adept- that we are foolish not to genuinely try our best while practicing. Practice makes perfect in most things, but not in horsemanship-nor penman- ship. One may follow both persistently, and be a wretched performer all his days. We all make mistakes in using one horse, or one kind of horse, too much. It is this fact that makes the "shopper” for “a good, quiet, family horse" the most dreaded customer the dealer has. Mr. Tyro has probably possessed one Billy or Jacky for a period of years, and it is only this sainted creature's inevitable passage to the bone-yard that secures Mr. Dealer the honor of his eulogistic owner's pat- ronage. Every animal displayed must be cut according to Jacky's coat, and the horse finally selected musi put up with the vagaries not only of Mr. but of Mrs. Tyro, and of all the little Tyrocs. These good people, having practiced with only one horse, are quite ignorant that there are "horses and horses.' Accidents happen; the bewildered dealer suffers mentally, and financially; and Mr. Tyro arises from the couch of pain where the catastrophe probably placed him quite uninstructed by his experience, and unaware that it was chiefly his own fault. While "all horses are alike" to an expert, he did not gain his proficiency until he had run the gamut of all the freakishness to which horseflesh is heir. He plays his tune as it were, not on his own piano whose touch he thoroughly knows, but upon any instru- ment he encounters, and that brilliantly and unerringly. What he does almost any one may do, and be assured that such proficiency is well worth while. Where is the man who does not exult in controlling and displaying to the best advantage that glorious animal, the horse? Strength has nothing to do with hands -or rather, it is a distinct drawback to their acquirement. The weakling must use other means to attain his ends; the strong man disdains the delicate effects which make for everything of the best in horsemanship. A little, eighty-pound boy will control perfectly a rattle-brained race- horse that no man could hold by main strength: a slight woman will guide four horses as few men can in- it is the combi- nation of the attributes named that enables them to do it. Appropriate bitting has much to do with success, but the novice is apt to pro- ceed to the extremes of severity in his desire to get that delicacy of touch and promptness of response which he thinks should follow sharp restraint. The re- verse of this should always be the rule, and the horse should be constantly tried with lighter bitting effects until the least possible restraint is employed. Hands and mouths vary from day to day, according to various circumstances of irritability and sensitiveness, and no one arrangement is likely to be for the best interests of both biped and quadruped. A balanced horse is always a light-mouthed horse, and it is “up to” the driver or rider to find what best brings about this result. No balanced horse can pull; no puller is in balance. In both driving and riding the one- handed exponent is at a disadvantage, and so is the horse. The animal has two sides to his mouth, both (with the tongue) alert to your signals; you have two hands, and will need them in any really delicate work.' This, of course, does not prevent your riding or driving with one hand at ordinary paces, and in straight going; but if any complications arise, both hands will find plenty to attend to. The cowboy, the cavalryman, the street-car driver, all use one member alone, and none of them has any hands worthy of the name. An ani- mal which "guides by the neck” in riding simply performs a trick which he has for convenience's sake been taught, and the fact that he does so, and has proven in- telligent enough to puzzle out your con- fusing indications, in no way enhances the value of one-hand riding in the case of the ordinary civilian, or proves it genuinely or generally practical. No seat will be perfect, no body-poise square, if one hand is used, for the reason that fatigue will bring about a displacement which will be- come habitual, and for which the horse must compensate in his own carriage and balance. The fingers and the wrists have all to do with the manipulation of the mouth, and not the arm or forearm. There is a con- stant play of the finger muscles to keep the mouth alive; there is an elasticity in the wrists which greatly assists the fingers; the reins are not held with a tense grip in ordinary use, but so that the fingers, when needed, instantly close to the required extent. No one can maintain a really tight grip for more than a few minutes. To this fascinating subject one might devote pages, and then include but a moiety of the details and incidentals. Perhaps, however, enough has been written to call attention to the fact that of all the essentials of hands, the least important factors are the bands themselves! CHOOSING THE FIELD TRIAL DOG BY JOSEPH A. GRAHAM N entering the sport of field trials the kind of work. Look for the little rascal which runs all over the country, finds general rule which applies to bench show something in a hurry and dashes gayly in beginnings—should select his young speci for a crazy chase. If he cannot deny mens from families deeply bred in the himself the luxury of killing a stray chicken qualities which judges demand. it is good for his public prospects. A A great many people are deceived by brief hesitation on a find, as if he would superficial observation into believing that point if he were not in such a hurry, is a dogs win field trials by great speed and good sign for future pointing, but not in- range. Speed is a requisite, to be sure. dispensable. Be dubious about the can- If two dogs do the same bird work, and didate which noses around over scent, or one does it more rapidly than the other, spends too much time in a clump of bushes. the former will win. But the real quality Carrying the head low indicates a con- is intense birdiness. That makes speed stitutional tendency to trailing on foot oftener than is supposed. The intense scent; and that is not of the elect. hunting instinct, or desire to find birds, Style in motion or on point is excellent, tends always to increase speed and range. but its value may be exaggerated. In The failure of English bench show setter motion, style usually means tail action. blood to distinguish itself in American Nothing is more attractive, and it wins field trials is not due to a lack of speed, or some field trials; but it has no significance even of range. About a year ago I saw beyond the taste. On point, style means a young setter, three-fourths Laverack, an erect, graceful attitude, with stiffened which had more speed than anything in tail and intent look. That also helps to the string, and as much range as any, but win stakes, but some great winners crouch he had not that concentrated enthusi on point and others are not stylish. asm about birds. In a half-hour heat his Powers of location are of the highest range would become irregular. He would importance, though they are hard to meas- trifle at times; would run around aim ure in a raw youngster. By watching lessly. A man whose enthusiasm is ex closely, however, you can see whether he clusively bent on one purpose builds up knows exactly where his game lies. If he fast, though his natural capacity may not goes right at it, whether he points or be great. He develops a sixth sense; his chases, his ideas on the subject are ob- nerve centers and muscles become specially viously clear. Some people are proud of adjusted. A dog proceeds the same way; dogs which stop fifty yards from a bevy, În picking puppies or year-olds for field point and road, point and road, until, trials it will be waste of time and money after a while, they establish their points to go outside of the families which have somewhere in the neighborhood. This been successful. An appearance of speed shows wonderful nose, the happy owners and conformation does not mean much, Under some circumstances it compared with bird-searching inheritance. does; but the dog of really good nose and Whether or not the dictum provokes dis class keeps going fast until he catches pute, an experienced man can only say scent, stops to inquire a second, and then that the Llewellins in setters and the goes straight to his birds. When trying Jingo-Rip Rap blood in pointers are the young ones never lose sight of evidences foundations. of this quality. If you have a chance to take your pick out of a litter of puppies, take those of SELECTING A HANDLER quick, alert appearance; preferring, prob- ably, the small ones. If they are over Selecting a handler is harder, even, than eight months old, make it a point to have picking a dog, assuming that you start your handler try them out thoroughly. without knowledge. Some handlers are If he knows his business he can guess with successful with dogs of one kind and not fair accuracy after he has had them on at all with others. Good handling often birds a week. makes good dogs; good dogs sometimes Perhaps you must try them yourself. make handlers. Young handlers lack ex- In that case do not be fascinated with perience; old ones often have too many pretty pointing: A young dog which at dogs to give yours the desirable amount eight months is fond of pointing will of attention. All these chances, or their scarcely become a field trial dog. More equivalents, you take in any sport. Don't than likely he will be a false pointer in any hold back because you are not certain of tell you. 637 638 The Outing Magazine perfection. Choose a young trainer of aptitudes, of an old one of reputation. Pitch in and take the risks. Lose like a gentleman and profit next year by your experience this year. It's the sport and not the winning which ought to interest you most. Don't denounce the handler behind his back, unless you know that he isn't straight. If he is crooked or incapa- ble, quit him, and don't talk about it. Go to the trials yourself, ride after the dogs every day, listen to the comment in the evening, and keep your eyes open all the time. One season so utilized will give you command of all there is to know about the sport of field trials. BEAGLE TRIALS sour are within ten miles. Plenty of practice and reasonable attention to whistle or horn are about all you add to what is born in them. Separate stakes are generally provided for hounds of thirteen inches and under, and for those between thirteen and fifteen inches. I'd rather have the little ones, but a novice would better begin with the larger size. As the natural tendency is to breed larger all the time, there is less difficulty in finding good hounds of near the fifteen-inch limit. Whether universal or not I can't say, but my own experience is that the larger specimens work more freely, are less likely to be sulky and shy -a besetting beagle sin-and are more intelligent. In picking beagle pups, you must not be turned away by first evidences of sulkiness and shyness. Beagle character has its peculiarities. Some of the little chaps are as friendly and jolly as spaniels. Some are suspicious and averse to human atten- tions. Which are going to be the better workers you cannot tell. The jolly ones are often quitters when work begins. The as often the keenest, surest trailers. Give them all a chance. It doesn't take much money or space to keep twenty beagles until you can weed out what falls below the standard. When we mention weeding out we get to a cardinal principle which applies to our operations in bench show or field trial lines. I won't say drown, though that is the strict dog man's rule, but you must unhesitatingly, get rid of undesirable pup- pies or inferior adults. Give them to friends who need pets; send them out in the backwoods where they will never be again heard from; anything, so you don't keep them. While winning is not the sole or chief object of sport, you must do your best to win, or be a fool. No man should put down a dog which has not a respectable chance to be favorably con- sidered by the judges. Buy the best, if you can buy only one. Breed to the best if you can afford to breed only once a year. Instantly discard a failure. Take some trouble to go where the best are in com- petition. If you don't know, and are dependent on advice, don't swallow the first book you see, or the first article in a dog, paper. It is often just writing, with nothing behind it except that very easy thing called thought. Some men who really know get run away with when they write. Such men write lots of stuff they don't mean. Knock around with professionals or canny amateurs. Re- member that the cleverest will be slowest to talk, on an average. The man who talks all over a subject on short acquain- tance with it is a good fellow to pass on to somebody else who likes to kill time. In other words, pick them right and play it straight. In the West and Southwest we think of setters and pointers when we speak of field trials. In the northeastern one-fourth of the United States there seems to be fully as much interest, and much more amuse- ment, in beagle trials. It is always to me a matter of surprise that more people, men and women, do not keep small packs of little hounds. Beagles are easily bought, easily kept, easily trained and easily hunted. There are a hundred rabbit lo- calities where there is one reasonably stocked with quail. The American rabbit, or hare, is ideal for beagle work. To this day I have never got over the feeling that, for real, whooping, yelling, boyish fun, there is no sport with dogs equal to working beagles on cotton-tails. On the pure basis of entertainment out-of-doors, the man who cannot get a royal day with a half-dozen beagles and a couple of boys is pretty well Beagles for trials are bred and chosen as are bird dogs for their kind of trials, or any dogs for bench show purposes-you depend on the specialized families. find out what families have consistently produced winners in recent years, and get puppies from the best specimens. Pace, nose, finding and trailing are the essential qualities. Handling helps a lot, but does not nearly play the part it does in field trials of setters and pointers. You have one great advantage over pointer and setter men. You can compete with a pack of four; if a club should so decree, there may be stakes for eights or tens. Another advantage is that, with a trifle of experience, you can train and handle your hounds almost or quite as well any professional. After you have learned to pick your dogs and make up your packs, there is not so very much that you need to do in handling at a trial. Trainers and handlers of bird dogs are chiefly occupied with the difficult business of making them do things they do not like to do. Managing beagles is only helping them to do what they would instinctively do anyhow if there was not a human being dried up. You as THE SUMMER TROUT BY CLARENCE DEMING a THE "HE brook trout, salmo fontinalis, is of the most timid fish of the fifty, whose scientifically an invariable species. sudden dash to safety gives the warning Whether a fingerling of the New England signal to all. A single nervous trout- brook, or a five-pounder of the Range and there are usually several—is thus leys or the Nipigon, he carries the same enough to scatter a big school in a flash tokens of his breed in red-spotted skin, and baffle the hopes of the angler. general similarities of form, and character This is in the smaller pools where, ex- of food. But by the test of habit, vary cept under certain conditions to be referred ing with the seasons of the year, he may to later, the fisher angles in vain. Possibly almost be described as marked off into by standing far back, hidden by a bush on several species of fish. The orthodox a little rise of ground, he may take a single brook trout we all know in that heyday of fish before the summer school vanish- his activity which reaches its fullness in more likely they dash to cover the first the blossom time of late April or May. instant the fly or worm touches the sur- Then it is that we find the trout of the face. But if the pool be large or of mod- eddy and the rapid chasing his food up to erate size, with no protective rocks or the very edge of the waterfall , rarely bank holes for the fugitive fish, a singular dropping below the ripple; the trout, change of habit is usually found. The lithesome, eager, leaping for fly or worm; school in that case are still shy. You and the trout that, with eye-sight dulled move forward and they swim away, and by the ripple and surge of waters, can be dropping fly or worm above them only angled for at comparatively short distance accelerates their speed. But they do and without tricks of precaution. Some not scatter. They hang together as times he lies low at the bottom of the school. They move comparatively slowly current; sometimes he is so near the sur unless alarmed by some sudden and quick face that, as he swims, you may see the action of the angler; and, according as tip of his dorsal fin; sometimes he is they are approached from one direction or ranging with observant eye for his food the other, they swim in definite orbits up in the mid-waters; but almost always he and down stream. If the angler wades up is quick for his prey and a promising stream the school move down, and vice candidate for the creel. versa; and if he tries a slow and steady But as the stream drops low and the movement he will find that the up and waters grow warm under the sun of June down pace of the trout school corresponds or July, you will mark a change. The with his own and almost always over a fixed trout of the spring is transmuted as to stretch of the bottom. habit into a new fish of the summer. His This systematic action and reaction of objective point is now cool water. He a school of summer trout in a pool say a finds it in the springhole, in the edges of the hundred feet in length by fifty feet across, large stream where a shaded runlet either gives the angler a clue to his tactics. By enters directly or percolates through the å little finesse and preliminary study, he sands; or, if he cannot find these, look for can in most cases actually drive a certain him in the deeper bottoms of the pools. number of the school into taking the bait. Living almost always in still water, his Finding such a school at rest, the trout- eye catches every object on the bank. fisher will, of course, standing as far away Thus he becomes preternaturally shy. as may be, fling the worm or fly lightly over How often has the angler, failing in summer or in front of the school-in nine cases out time to take a fish in the swift headwaters of ten frightening the whole school and of the pool, passed down, only to scare up not securing a single rise or bite. Then a half dozen handsome trout in the still comes the taking trick. Without throw- waters just below, and undergone this ing the hook soon again let the angler tantalizing experience over and over again move slowly up and down stream, noting through a whole day of vain and profitless the orbit of the trout group and especially fishing! marking, if he can, a part of the bottom But the shyness of the summer trout that is smooth and where the worm will of the still springhole is due not entirely lie conspicuously;, Then, usually with line to his keen eye trained by the quietude of well paid out and bait lying on the bottom, transparent waters. It is to be credited drive the trout over the bait. The verb more to his gregariousness. The cool “drive," however, must here be used places and deeper pools of the trout with reservation, not—at least not usually stream are apt to be few and hive the fish -signifying a drive from behind the trout in schools. If the school number, say, school, but an up and down movement fifty fish, it means a hundred watchful eyes near or on the bank paralleling the slow and a collective shyness adjusted to that advance and retreat of the fish. A skillful 639 640 The Outing Magazine trout 'fisher will often be able by his own movements to thus bring the trout to a dead halt right over the bait; and whether the school is at rest or moving slowly over the lure, the chances are that one of the bolder fish will take it and be hooked to his doom. This driving trick can often be repeated perhaps a dozen times success- fully, ending at last only when the whole school become too frightened to bite, or those fish that are in biting humor have been taken. It is to be repeated just here that the method can be worked only in those summer pools where the fugitive trout cannot scatter easily to hiding places and where they keep together as a school; and the device, for obvious reasons, can- not be effective with the fly. The summer trout of the little river has other variations of habit. His shyness when in a school seems to be singularly modified when alone. At such times he seems to be much less timid than in com- panionship; and, if facing a little cool runlet, it is surprising how tame he will now and then become. Years ago the writer once saw an alleged sportsman trying to wire one of these lonely summer trout-a fish of about a pound weight which lay with its head under a rock- and by the snare lift the fish up to an angle of some forty-five degrees, seeking to pass the noose above the ventral fin. In the sequel the fish happily got away. The persistent sluggishness of the summer trout of the springhole under these conditions, when he has few or no companions to warn him, has often argued that the fish was either asleep or very sleepy. Generally he refuses to take the bait even when it' lies right in front of his eyes. But touch his nose with it and, in perhaps one case out of three or four, he will take it. This fact strengthens the hypothesis of trout slum- ber, but is far from confirming it. The wise angler who finds such a solitary trout refusing the bait will do well to try the experiment of tickling the nose of the fish with the worm before surrendering the game. To the rule that the summer trout of the streams haunts deep cool waters and the springholes there is one exception. Just at the first edge of a sudden rapid or low waterfall-the familiar corner where the foam of the eddy is crested with spray- an active summer trout will often be found in ardent biting mood. You may fish other edges of the rapids or the lower riffles all day without a fish, yet take half a dozen or more—not usually very large- in the little corners described. Why the fish lies there is apocryphal. It may be a corner specially prolific in food, or perhaps a cubic foot or two of the water is a bit cooled just there by rapid evaporation of the spray. There are times, of course, when the schools of summer trout in the larger pools drop their shyness and become quick and eager biters. Generally this is at the first break of day-less often at sunset and the early dusk. Those feeding hours, when the hooked trout does not frighten the rest of the school, give the fly fisher his oppor- tunity. Worm fishers and fly fishers alike, when they have "marked down” a spring- hole, will do well also to fish it under a rain brisk enough to dimple the surface, or- next best-during a wind strong enough at least to ripple the water. In the latter case, as a profitable study of the pool, watch for such a direction of wind as gives the breeze its longest and most wavy sweep. The wind may be pretty high, yet leave the pool unruffled if it hits it side- wise, especially under the protection of high banks or close brushwood. Commonly it takes a rain pretty hard or pretty long or pretty cold to draw the schools of summer trout from the spring- holes of a good-sized stream into the rapids and riffles, and not often do they run up far, having, as it seems, instinctive knowl- edge that the cold-water conditions are likely to be brief. The advisory word, therefore, to the shrewd angler, is to strike the stream after rain rarely more than a quarter mile above the springhole. If the fish bite there,"taste" the stream farther up until the fish stop biting in the rapids and then fish down to the springhole. This little hint, if followed, will often save an hour or two of useless casting. But in the smaller brooks where, following rain, the trout run up-stream from many pools—and, indeed, if the writer is a judge, seem to be more progressive in seeking food than river trout—the con- trary rule holds The stream may be fished anywhere and the location of the trouty pools of low water ignored. I have made no reference to the summer trout of the lakes and ponds as the sub- ject here is limited to the summer trout of those flowing streams which, at full of water, spell rapids, foam, ripple and eddy. But a single hint to the summer anglers of the ponds of the Adirondacks and like regions the writer owes personally to that rare spirit, the late William Hamil- ton Gibson, writer, artist and keen searcher of nature's secrets as well as an enthusiastic angler. The tale, as Gibson told me it, was of a summer season on one of the Adirondack lakes when for many days the trout re- fused flies and common worms alike. One day Gibson, pulling apart the stems of some half-decayed lily pads, found in the pores a slim worm whích, tested, proved most killing bait, and well nigh redeemed for him the whole fishing season. In other places—not many—I have failed, after search, to find this lily-pad worm, but it may be only because the quest was at the wrong place or time. Those who knew Gibson know also how firm his sayso stands on every point connected with plants and their insect life, and his suggestion to the summer trout fisher of our northern ponds is worth heeding. 17 ARTHUR GOODRICH Author of THE BALANCE OF POWER whose article, "A Day with a Devonshire Farmer," appears in this issue of The OUTING MAGAZINE. AC Drawing for "The Buccaneers" by N. C. Wyeth. "When Drake saw for the first time the waters of the South Sea." Τ Η Ε O U TRI N G MAGAZINE Vol. XLVIII Number 6 SEPTEMBER, 1906 THE LONG LABRADOR TRAIL THE COMPACT WITH HUBBARD FULFILLED BY DILLON WALLACE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR us. T' III Almost before I realized it we were at the rapid. Away to the westward NHE time for action had come. Our stretched Grand Lake, deep and dark and canoes were loaded near the wharf, still, with the rugged outline of Cape Cor- we said good-bye to Cotter and a beau in the distance. group of native trapper friends, and as we Tom Blake and his family, one and all, took our places in the canoes and dipped came out to give us the whole-souled, hos- our paddles into the waters that were to pitable welcome of “The Labrador.” Even carry us northward the Pest flag was run Atikamish, the little Indian dog that Mac- up on the flagpole as a salute and farewell, kenzie used to have, but which he had and we were away. We soon rounded the given to Tom when he left Northwest point, and Cotter and the trappers and the River, was on hand to tell me in his dog Post were lost to view. Duncan was to language that he remembered me and was follow later in the evening in his rowboat delighted to see me back. Here we would with some of our outfit which we left in his stay for the night — the last night for charge. months that we were to sleep in a habita- Silently we paddled through the "little tion of civilized man. lake." The clouds hung somber and dull The house was a very comfortable little with threatening rain, and a gentle breeze log dwelling containing a small kitchen, a wafted to us now and again a bit of fra larger living-room which also served as a grance from the spruce-covered hills above sleeping-room, and an attic which was the Copyrighted, 1906, by the OUTING Publishing Company. All rights reserved. "We reached the farther shore of the second lake. 644 The Outing Magazine and Hubbard was talking to me and telling pression upon it, and Easton remarked that me of the “bully story" of the mystic land “the rubber trust ought to hunt porcu- of wonders that lay “behind the ranges” pines, for they are a lot tougher than rubber he would have to take back to the world. and just as pliable.” “We're going to traverse a section no "I don't know why,” said Pete sadly. white man has ever seen," he exclaimed, “I boil him long time.” "and we'll add something to the world's That day we continued our course along knowledge of geography at least, and that's the northern shore of the lake until we worth while. No matter how little a man reached the deep bay which Hubbard and may add to the fund of human knowledge I had failed to enter and explore on the it's worth the doing, for it's by little bits other trip, and which failure had resulted that we've learned to know so much of so tragically. This bay is some five miles our old world. There's some hard work from the westerly end of Grand Lake, and before us, though, up there in those hills, is really the mouth of the Nascaupee and and some hardships to meet." Crooked Rivers which flow into the upper Ah, if we had only known! end of it. There was little or no wind and Some one said it was time to “turn in," we had to go slowly to permit Duncan, in and I was brought suddenly to a sense of his rowboat, to keep pace with us. Night the present, but a feeling of sadness pos was not far off when we reached Duncan's sessed me when I took my place in the tilt (a small log hut), three miles up the crowded tent, and I lay awake long, think Nascaupee River, where we stopped for ing of those other days. the night. Clear and crisp was the morning of June This is the tilt in which Allen Goudy and twenty-eighth. The atmosphere was brac Duncan lived at the time they came to my ing and delightful, the azure of the sky rescue in 1903, and where I spent three above us shaded to the most delicate tints days getting strength for my trip down of blue at the horizon, and, here and there, Grand Lake to the Post. It is Duncan's bits of clouds, like bunches of cotton, supply base in the winter months when he flecked the sky. The sun broke grandly hunts along the Nascaupee River, one over the rugged hills, and the lake, like hundred and twenty miles inland to Seal molten silver, lay before us. Lake. On this hunting "path" Duncan A fringe of ice had formed during the has two hundred and fifty marten and night along the shore. We broke it and forty fox traps, and, in the spring, a few bathed our hands and faces in the cool bear traps besides. water, then sat down in a circle near our The country has been burned here. Just camp-fire to renew our attack upon the below Duncan's tilt is a spruce-covered porcupine, which had been sending out a island, but the mainland has a stunted most delicious odor from the kettle where new growth of spruce, with a few white Pete had it cooking. But alas for our ex birch, covering the wreck of the primeval pectations! Our teeth would make no im forest that was flame swept thirty odd Hudson's Bay Company Post at Northwest River. The Long Labrador Trail 645 me. spruce brush. years ago. Over some considerable areas “But have you never hunted here your- no new growth to speak of has appeared, self?” I asked. and the charred remains of the dead trees "No, sir, l've never been in here at all. I stand stark and gray, or lie about in con travels right past up the Nascaupee. All fusion upon the ground, giving the country I knows about it, sir, is what they tells a particularly dreary and desolate appear I always follows the Nascaupee, sir." ance. Above us rose a high, steep hill covered The morning of June twenty-ninth was for two-thirds of the way from its base with overcast and threatened rain, but toward a thick growth of underbrush, but quite evening the sky cleared. barren on top save for a few bunches of Progress was slow, for the current in the river here was very strong, and paddling or The old trail, unused for eight or ten rowing against it was not easy. We had to years, headed toward the hill and was quite stop several times and wait for Duncan to easily traced for some fifty yards from overtake us with his boat. Once he halted the old camp. Then it disappeared com- to look at a trap where he told us he had pletely in a dense undergrowth of willows, caught six black bears. It was nearly alders and spruce. sunset when we reached the mouth of the While Pete made preparation for our Red River, nineteen miles above Grand supper and Duncan unloaded his boat and Lake, where it flows into the Nascaupee hauled it up preparatory to leaving it until from the west. This is a wide, shallow his return from the interior, the rest of us stream whose red-brown waters were quite tried to follow the trail through the brush. in contrast to the clear waters of the Nas But beyond where the thick undergrowth саирее. . began there was nothing at all that, to us, Opposite the mouth of the Red River, resembled a trail. Finally, I instructed and on the eastern shore of the Nascaupee, Pete to go with Richards and see what he is the point where the old Indian trail was could do while the rest of us made camp. said to begin, and on a knoll some fifty Pete started ahead, forging his way through feet above the river we saw the wigwam the thick growth. In ten minutes I heard poles of an old Indian camp, and a solitary him shout from the hillside, “He here—| grave with a rough fence around it. Here find him," and saw Pete hurrying up the we landed and awaited Duncan, who had steep incline. stopped at another of his trapping tilts When Richards and Pete returned an three or four hundred yards below. When hour later we had camp pitched and sup- he joined us a little later, in answer to my per cooking. They reported the trail, as inquiry as to whether this was the begin far as they had gone, very rough and diffi- ning of the old trail, he answered, “'Tis cult to follow. For some distance it would where they says the Indians came out, and have to be cut out with an axe, and no- some of the Indians has told me so. where was it bigger than a rabbit run. supposes it's the place, sir." Duncan rather favored going as far as Seal "el chain of three or four small lakes marked our course." Duncan hoisted his sails." Lake by the trail that he knew and which ing of when we gathered around our camp- followed the Nascaupee. This trail he be fire that evening, and filled and lighted our lieved to be much easier than the long un pipes and puffed silently while we watched used Indian trail, which was undoubtedly the newborn stars of evening come into in many places entirely obscured and in being one by one until the arch of heaven any case extremely difficult to follow. I was aglow with the splendor of a Labrador dismissed his suggestion, however, with night. And when we at length went to little consideration. My object was to our bed of spruce boughs it was to dream trace the old Indian trail and explore as of strange scenes and new worlds that we much of the country as possible, and not were to conquer. to hide myself in an enclosed river valley. Therefore, I decided that next day we IV should scout ahead to the first water to which the trail led and cut out the trail Next morning we scouted ahead and where necessary. The work I knew would found that the trail led to a small lake some be hard, but we were expecting to do hard five and a half miles beyond our camp. work. We were not on a summer picnic. For a mile or so the brush was pretty thick A rabbit which Stanton had shot and a and the trail was difficult to follow, but spruce grouse that fell before Pete's pistol, beyond that it was comparatively well together with what remained of our porcu defined though exceedingly steep, the hill pine, hot coffee, and Mrs. Blake's good rising to an elevation of one thousand and bread, made a supper that we ate with fifty feet above the Nascaupee River in zest while we talked over the prospects of the first two miles. We had fifteen hun- the trail. Supper finished, Pete carefully dred pounds of outfit to carry upon our washed his ishes, then washed his dish backs, and I realized that at first we should cloth, which latter he hung upon a bough have to trail slowly and make several loads near the fire to dry. His cleanliness about of it, for, with the exception of Pete, none his cooking was a revelation to me. I had of the men was in training The work was never before seen a camp-man or guide so totally different from anything to which neat in this respect. they had been accustomed, and as I did The real work of the trip was now to be not wish to break their spirits or their ar- gin, the hard portaging, the trail finding dor, I instructed them to carry only such and trail making, and we were to break the packs as they could walk under with per- seal of a land that had, through the ages, fect ease until they should become hardened held its secret from all the world, excepting to the work. the red man. This is what we were think The weather had been cool and bracing, 646 The Long Labrador Trail 647 you swore.” but as if to add to our difficulties the sun outfit was portaged to the summit of the now boiled down, and the black flies hill and we ate our dinner there in the "the devil's angels” some one called them broiling sun, for we were above the trees, -came in thousands to feast upon the new which ended some distance below us. It comers and make life miserable for us all. was fearfully hot, a dead, suffocating heat, Duncan was as badly treated by them as with not a breath of air moving, and some any of us, although he belonged to the one asked what the temperature was. country, and I overheard him swearing at “Eighty-seven in the shade, but no a lively gait soon after the little beasts shade,” Richards remarked as he threw began their attacks. down his pack and consulted the ther- “Why, Duncan,” said I, “I didn't know mometer where I had placed it under a low bush. “I'll swear it's a hundred and "I does, sir, sometimes, when things ffty in the sun.” makes me," he replied. During dinner Pete pointed to the river “But it doesn't help. matters any to far below us, saying, “Look! Indian swear, does it?" canoe.” I could not make it out without "No, sir, but” (swatting his face) "damn my binoculars, but with their aid discerned the flies—it's easin' to the feelin's to swear a canoe on the river, containing a soli- sometimes.” tary paddler. None of us, excepting Pete, On several occasions after this I heard could see the canoe without the glasses, at Duncan "easin' his feelin's” in long and which he was very proud and remarked: astounding bursts of profane eloquence, but "No findin' glass need me. See far, me. he did try to moderate his language when See long way off.” I was within earshot. Once I asked him: On other occasions, afterward, I had rea- “Where in the world did you learn to son to marvel at Pete's clearness of vision. swear like that, Duncan?” It was John Ahsini in the cance, as we “At the lumber camps, sir,” he re discovered later when he joined us and plied. helped Stanton up the hill with his last In the year I had spent in Labrador I pack to our night camp on the summit. I had never before heard a planter or native invited John to eat supper with us and he. of Groswater Bay swear. But this ex accepted the invitation. He told us he was plained it. The lumbermen from “civil- hunting “moshku” (bear) and was camped ization” were educating them. at the mouth of the Red River. He as- At one o'clock on July first, half our sured us that we would find no more hills "Where he told us he had caught six black hears," 648 The Outing Magazine farther up to the northwest, the river itself, where it was choked with blocks of ice, made its appearance and threaded its way down to the southeast until it was finally lost in the spruce-covered valley. Beyond, bits of Grand Lake, like silver settings in the black sur- rounding forest, sparkled in the light of the rising sun. Away to the west- ward could be traced the rushing waters of the Red River making their course down through the sandy ridges that enclose its valley. To the north- ward lay a great undulating wilderness, the wilderness that we were to traverse. It was Sunday morning, and the holy stillness of the day engulfed our world. When Pete had the fire going and the kettle singing I roused the boys and told them we would make this, our first Sunday in the bush, an easy one, and simply move our camp forward to a nore hospitable and sheltered spot by a little brook a mile up the trail, and then be ready for the “tug of war” on Monday. In accordance with this plan, after eating our breakfast we each carried a light pack to our new camping ground, "The wigwam poles of an old Indian camp." and there pitched our tent by a tiny brook that trickled down through the rocks. like this one we were on, and, pointing While Stanton cooked dinner, Pete brought to the northward, said “Miam potagen forward a second pack. After we had eaten, (good portage) and that we would find Richards suggested to Pete that they take plenty “Atuk” (caribou), “Moshku” and the fish net ahead and set it in the little "Mashumekush" (trout). After supper I lake which was still some two and a half gave John some "stemmo,” and he disap- miles farther on the trail. They had just peared down the trail to join his wife in returned when a terrific thunder-storm their wigwam below. broke upon us, and every moment we ex- We were all of us completely exhausted pected the tent to be carried away by the that night. Stanton was too tired to eat, gale that accompanied the downpour of and lay down upon the bare rocks to sleep. rain. It was then that Richards remem- Pete stretched our tent wigwam fashion on bered that he had left his blankets to dry some old Indian tepee poles, and, without upon the tepee poles at the last camp. troubling ourselves to break brush for a The rain ceased about five o'clock, and ped, we all soon joined Stanton in a dream Duncan volunteered to return with Rich- less slumber upon his rocky couch. ards and help him recover his blankets, The night, like the day, was very warm, which they found far from dry. and when I aroused Pete at sunrise the Mosquitoes, it seemed to me, were never next morning (July second) to get break So numerous or vicious after this fast the mosquitoes were about our heads thunder-storm. We had head nets that in clouds. were a protection from them generally, but A magnificent panorama lay before us. when we removed the nets to eat, the at- Opposite, across the valley of the Nascau tacks of the insects were simply insuffera- pee, a great hill held its snow-tipped head ble, so we had our supper in the tent. As high in the heavens. Some four mịles we smoked our pipes in silence I thought as The Long Labrador Trail 649 of the first Sunday in camp with Hubbard He runs far. No good follow. Not hurt on the Susan River, and what a comfort much, maybe, goes very far." his Bible had been to him then and all “You had caribou fever, Pete," sug- through that terrible summer that fol- gested Richards. lowed; of the last camp where we said our “Yes," said Easton, “caribou fever, final farewell on a stormy Sunday morning sure thing.” in October; of how I had read to him, “I don't believe you'd have hit him before our parting, the fourteenth chapter if he hadn't winded you,” Stanton re- of John, and his words when I had finished: marked. “The trouble with you, Pete, "Thank you, b’y. Isn't that comforting? is you can't shoot." 'Let not your heart be troubled.'” "No caribou fever, me,” rejoined Pete, I told the boys the story, then I drew with righteous indignation. “Kill plenty my Testament from my bag, and they moose, kill red deer; never have moose were silent while I read to them the same fever, never have deer fever.” Then chapter. It was surely a fitting selection turning to me he asked, “You want cari- for this first Sunday of our trip. bou, Mr. Wallace?" The rain cleared the atmosphere, and “Yes," I answered, “I wish we could Monday, July third, was cool and delight- get some fresh meat, but we can wait a ful, and, with the exception of two or three few days. We have enough to eat, and showers, a perfect day. Camp was moved I don't want to take time to hunt now." and our entire outfit portaged to the first "Plenty signs. I get caribou any day small lake. Our net, which Pete and you want him. Tell me when you want Richards had set the day before, yielded him, I kill him,” Pete answered me, ig- us nothing, but with my rod I caught noring the criticisms of the others as to enough trout for a sumptuous supper. his marksmanship and hunting prowess The following morning (July fourth) Pete and I, who arose at half-past four, had just finished preparing breakfast of fried pork, flapjacks and coffee, and I had gone to the tent to call the others, when Pete came rushing after me in great excitement, exclaiming, “Caribou ! Rifle, quick!” He grabbed one of the 44's and rushed away and soon we heard bang-bang-bang seven times from up the lake shore. It was not long before Pete returned with a very humble bearing and crestfallen countenance, and without a word leaned the rifle against a tree and resumed his culinary operations. “Well, Pete," said I, “how many caribou did you kill?" No caribou. Miss him," he replied. “But I heard seven shots. How did you miss so many times?" I asked. "Miss him," answered Pete. caribou over there, close to water, run fast, try get lee side sɔ he don't smell me. Water in way. Go very careful, make no noise, but he smell me. He hold his head up like this. He sniff, then he start. He go through trees very quick. See him, me, just little when he runs through trees. Shoot seven times. Hit him once, not much. "I suppose it's the place, sir,' said Duncan." “I see A bit of the Crooked River. All that day and all the next the men let this time on would do very well for the no opportunity pass to guy Pete about his present, and I did not care to take time to lost caribou, and on the whole he took the hunt until we were a little deeper into the banter very good-naturedly, but once con country. Therefore I told him, “No, we fided to me that “if those boys get up will wait a day or two." early, maybe they see caribou too and try Pete, as I soon discovered, had an in- how much they can do.” satiable passion for hunting, and could After breakfast Pete and I paddled to the never let anything in the way of game pass other end of the little lake to pick up the him without qualms of regret. Some- trail while the others broke camp. In a times, where a caribou trail ran off plain little while he located it, a well-defined and clear in the moss, it was hard to keep path, and we walked across it half a mile him from running after it. Nothing ever to another and considerably larger lake escaped his ear or eye. He had the in which was a small, round, mound-like, trained senses and instincts of the Indian spruce-covered island so characteristic of hunter. When I first saw him in New the Labrador lakes. York he looked so youthful and evidently On our way back to the first lake Pete had so little confidence in himself, an- called my attention to a fresh caribou swering my question as to whether he track in the hard earth. It was scarcely could do this or that with an aggravating distinguishable, and I had to look very “I don't know," that I felt a keen sense closely to make it out. Then he showed of disappointment in him. But with every me other signs that I could make noth stage of our journey he had developed, ing of at all—a freshly turned pebble or and now was in his element. He was broken twig. These, he said, were fresh quite a different individual from the green deer signs. A caribou had passed toward Indian youth whom I had first seen walking the larger lake that very morning. timidly beside the railway conductor at "If you want him, I get him," said the Grand Central Station in New York. Pete. I could see he felt rather deeply The portage between the lakes was an his failure of the morning and that he was easy one and, as I have said, well defined, anxious to redeem himself. I wanted to and we reached the farther shore of the give him the opportunity to do so, es second lake early in the afternoon. Here pecially as the young men, unused to we found an old Indian camping ground deprivations, were beginning to crave covering several acres. It had evidently fresh meat as a relief from the salt pork. been at one time a general rendezvous of At the same time, however, I felt that the the Indians hunting in this section, as was fish we were pretty certain to get from indicated by the large number of wigwams . 650 “We were a hungry crowd." that had been pitched here. That was a detained over night. When Pete took long while ago, however, for the old poles the rifle he held it up meaningly and said, were so decayed that they fell into pieces "Fresh meat to-night. Caribou," and I when we attempted to pick them up. could see that he was planning to make a There was no sign of a trail leading from hunt of it. the old camp ground, and I sent Pete and When they were gone, I took Easton Richards to circle the bush and endeavor with me and climbed another hill nearer to locate one that I knew was somewhere camp, that I might get a panoramic view about, while I fished and Stanton and of the valley in which we were camped. Duncan prepared an early supper. A little From this vantage ground I could see, later the two men returned, unsuccessful stretching off to the northward, a chain of in their quest. They had seen two or three or four small lakes which, I concluded, three trails, any of which might be our though there was other water visible, un- trail. Of course but one of them could be doubtedly marked our course. Far to the the right one. north west was a group of rugged, barren, This report was both perplexing and snow-capped mountains which were, per- annoying, for I did not wish to follow for haps, the “white hills,” behind which the several days a wrong route and then dis Indians had told us lay Seal Lake. At cover the error when much valuable time our feet, sparkling in the sunlight, spread had been lost. the lake upon whose shores our tent, a I, therefore, decided that we must be little white dot amongst the green trees, sure of our position before proceeding, was pitched. A bit of smoke curled up and, early the following morning (July from our camp-fire, where I knew Stanton fifth), dispatched Richards and Pete on and Duncan were baking “squaw bread.” a scouting expedition to a high hill some We returned to camp to await the arrival distance to the northeast that they might, and report of Richards and Pete, and occu- from that viewpoint, note the general pied the afternoon in catching trout which, contour of the land and the location of though more plentiful than in the first any visible chain of lakes leading to the lake, were very small. north west through which the Indian trail Toward evening, when a stiff breeze might pass, and then endeavor to pick up blew in from the lake and cleared the black the trail from one of these lakes, noting flies and mosquitoes away, Easton took a old camping grounds and other signs. canoe out, stripped, and sprang into the Each carried some tea and some Erbs water, while I undressed on shore and was wurst, a rifle, a cup at his belt and a com in the midst of a most refreshing bath pass as a precaution, in case they were when, suddenly, the wind died away and 651 1 "Camp was moved to the first small lake." The Long Labrador Trail 653 cane. our tormentors came upon us in clouds. broiled venison steak and tea. We had It was a scramble to get into our clothes barely finished our meal when heavy black again, but before I succeeded in hiding my clouds overcast the sky, and the wind and nakedness from them, I was pretty severely rain broke upon us in the fury of a hurri- wounded. With the coming of the storm the It was scarcely six o'clock when Richards temperature dropped fully forty degrees and Pete walked into camp and proudly in half as many minutes, and in our drip- threw down some venison. Pete had kept ping wet garments we were soon chilled his promise. On the lookout at every and miserable. We hastened to cut the step for game, he had espied an old stag, venison up and put it into packs, and with and, together, he and Richards had each a load of it, started homeward. On stalked it, and it had received bullets from the way I stopped with Pete to climb a both their rifles. I shall not say to which peak that I might have a view of the sur- hunter belonged the honor of killing the rounding country and see the large lake game. They were both very proud of it. to the northward which he and Richards But best of all, they had found, to a had reported the evening before. The at- certainty, the trail leading to one of the mosphere was sufficiently clear by this chain of little lakes which Easton and I time for me to see it, and I was satisfied had seen, and these lakes, they reported, that it was undoubtedly Lake Nippisish, took a course directly toward a larger lake, as no other large lake had been mentioned which they had glimpsed. I decided that by the Indians. this must be the lake of which the Indians We hastened down the mountain and at Northwest River had told us-Lake made our way through rain-soaked bushes Nippisish (little water). This was very and trees that showered us with their load gratifying intelligence, as Nippisish was of water at every step, and when at last we said to be nearly half way to Seal Lake, reached camp and I threw down my pack, from where we had begun our portage I was too weary to change my wet garments on the Nascaupee. for dry ones, and was glad to lie down, What a supper we had that night of drenched as I was, to sleep until supper fresh venison, and new “squaw bread,” was ready. hot from the pan! None of our venison must be wasted. In the morning we portaged our outfit All that we could not use within the next two miles, and removed our camp to the day or two must be “jerked,” that is; second one of the series of lakes which dried, to keep it from spoiling. To accom- Easton and I had seen from the hill, and plish this we erected poles, like the poles of the fourth lake after leaving the Nascaupee a wigwam, and suspended the meat from River. The morning was fearfully hot, them, cut in thin strips, and in the center, and we floundered through marshes with between the poles, made a small, smoky heavy packs, bathed in perspiration, and fire to keep the greenbottle flies away, fairly breathing flies and mosquitoes. Not that they might not “blow" the venison, a breath of air stirred, and the humidity as well as to aid nature in the drying and heat were awful. Stanton and Duncan process. remained to pitch the tent and bring up All day on July seventh the rain poured some of our stuff that had been left at down, a cold, northwest wind blew, and the second lake, while Richards, Easton, no progress was made in drying our meat. Pete and I trudged three miles over the There was nothing to do but wait in the hills for the caribou meat which had been tent for the storm to clear. cached at the place where the animal was When Pete went out to cook dinner ! killed, Richards and Pete having brought told him to make a little cornmeal por- with them only enough for two or three ridge and let it go at that, but what a meals. surprise he had for us when, a little later, The country here was rough and broken, dripping wet and hands full of kettles, he with many great bowlders scattered over pushed his way into the tent! A steaming the hilltops. When we reached the cache venison potpie, broiled venison steaks, hot we were ravenously hungry, and built a fried bread dough, stewed prunes for des- fire and had a very satisfying luncheon of sert and a kettle of hot tea! All experi- 654 The Outing Magazine Grand River N.B. NEWFOUNDLAND Natashquan At 10 65 60° 55° Hudson Strait 60° 60 с T Ungava A Bay Haco A E H.B.CO + Chimo Meca RIVE French Ca 0 Okkak не со (Abandoned) Inchen Minust Lake 3 N 3 Nain 2 Zoar o 55 UNGA VA O s TRI CT 53 E Rigoler WF ONEC Indian Harbor Nam illon Inker OU NOL Lake Michitkamau Broswater Boy Hamilton Northwest RIV or A N SCALE AS 150 MILIS strait or Bettelisten QUEBEC OF INCE PR Esquimaux 50 ANTICOST: ISLAND Si lawrence River 65 60° Map showing Dillon Wallace's trin by canoe, moccasin and dogsled in Labrador. (The journey was much longer than the scale indicates on account of the innumerable deviations from the general direction.) + By canoe and moccasin; by snowshoe and dogsled; by steamer. enced campers in the north woods are familiar with the fried bread dough. It is dough mixed as you would mix it for squaw bread, but not quite so stiff, pulled out to the size of your frying pan, very thin, and fried in swimming pork grease. In taste it resembles doughnuts. Hubbard used to call it “French toast." Our young men The Long Labrador Trail 655 had never eaten it before, and Richards, Once we came upon a snow-bank in a taking one of the cakes, asked Pete: hollow, and cooled ourselves by eating “What do you call this?" some of the snow. Our observations made “I don't know," answered Pete. it quite certain that the trail left the "Well,” said Richards, with a mouthful northern side of the second lake through of it, “I call it darn good.” a bowlder-strewn pass over the hills, though “That's what we call him then,", re there were no visible signs of it, and we torted Pete, “darn good.” climbed one of the hills in the hope of And so the cakes were christened “darn seeing lakes beyond. There were none in goods,” and always afterward we referred sight. It was too late to continue our to them by that name. search that day and we reluctantly re- The forest fire which I have mentioned turned to camp. Our failure was rather as having swept this country to the shores discouraging because it meant a further of Grand Lake some thirty-odd years ago, loss of time, and I had hoped that our had been particularly destructive in this route, until we reached Nippisish at least, portion of the valley where we were now would lie straight and well defined before us. encamped. The stark dead spruce trees, Sunday, July ninth, was comfortably naked skeletons of the old forest, stood all cool, with a good, stiff breeze to drive about, and that evening, when I stepped away the flies. I dispatched Richards, outside for a look at the sky and weather, with Pete and Easton to accompany him, I was impressed with the dreariness of the to follow up our work of the evening be- scene. The wind blew in gusts, driving fore, and look into the pass through the the rain in sheets over the face of the hills hills, while I remained behind with Stanton and through the spectral trees, finally and Duncan and kept the fire going under dashing it in bucketfuls against our tent. our venison. The next forenoon, however, the sky I had expected that Duncan, with his cleared, and in the afternoon Richards and experience in the country, would be of I went ahead in one of the canoes to hunt great assistance to us in locating the trail; the trail. We followed the north shore of but to my disappointment I discovered the lake to its end, then portaged twenty soon after our start, that he was far from yards across a narrow neck into another good even in following a trail when it was lake, and keeping near the north shore of found, though he never got lost and could this lake also, continued until we came upon always find his way back, in a straight a creek of considerable size running out line, to any given point. of it and taking a southeasterly course. The boys came back toward evening and Where the creek left the lake there was an reported that beyond the hills, through old Indian fishing camp. It was out of the pass, lay a good-sized lake, and that the question that our trail should follow some signs of a trail were found leading to the valley of this creek, for it led directly it. This was what I had hoped for. away from our goal. We, therefore, re Our meat was now sufficiently dried to turned and explored a portion of the north pack, and, anxious to be on the move shore of the lake, which was very bare, again, I directed that on the morrow we bowlder strewn, and devoid of vegetation should break camp and cross the hills to for the most part-even moss. the lakes bevond. (To be continued.) Drawing by Howard Giles. **Do you know,' said the dear boy. 'I have long had a secret theory that you are twenty.' THE MAGIC OF ORCHARDS BY ZONA GALE DRAWING BY HOWARD GILES I HAVE always meant to try it,” said new vista of summer lines and depths no Peleas, meditatively; "at all events more than at what Peleas should say next. ever since I have been old.” With another I might have feared an- I looked up at his uncovered hair, silver nouncement of a new venture in shoe- in the late afternoon sun. Yes, strange lacings or a change in florists; but Peleas though it sounded, there was no evading did not disappoint me. the epithet. Peleas was old—and I my “The magic of orchards," he said. self was, if not old, still past seventy. "O Peleas!” I cried, “and what will “At what moment did you become old?” that be?” I asked him seriously; "I have always Peleas looked up at the coachman's been longing to surprise some one on the back. We are constantly having to save instant of losing his youth, or of finding the feelings of the man on the box-the himself old—but really old. Would it not waiter, the porter and the like—who would be wonderful, Peleas, to catch the very almost certainly believe us mad if he over- second when April becomes May, or heard our way of talk. Not that we mind spring says ‘Now I'm summer'?” being thought mad, nor do we court it; “Ah, I know," agreed Peleas; “a clock but we so heartily sympathize with the ought to strike somewhere. One-two people whom, by their natures, we are three—now it's June. Four-five-six- Four-five-six- obliged to exclude from certain sweet and now this apple-tree is at the very height necessary vagaries of ours. of its bloom; or 'This is the moment of this "Nobody,” explained Peleas, “can try rose. Instead of which, Nature just lets this until he is old. Another reason for you go along and go along. But they say living a long time. But I'm told that it is there is a way to get 'round that, and I've an experiment that never fails-or fails always meant to try it.” only for artistic purposes, barely often I waited for what he would say next enough to make it worth doing.” ah, I hope that no one in the world is with “Perfect," I agreed, having a great dis- out the enchantment of a friend who con like for the certainties. There is only one stantly has curious, surprising, delicious certainty in the world that is not tiresome, things to suggest. For myself, my test and that is love; but this is such an uneasy of companionship is to have a friend of certainty that one forgives it. years still able to tell me bits of lore, wise "Well then,” imparted Peleas, “I am sayings, wood-secrets, poignant incidents told that when one is past seventy, if he of which I had never suspected him. I walks out in an orchard, in summer, at had been married to Peleas several weeks twilight, under a perfectly new moon he before he chanced to let me know that he can, with three conditions, have back one had a fantastic repertoire of figures to cut hour of his youth.” upon ice, on spring skates; and it was even “What a heavenly impossibility,” said after this revelation that I found him able I; "one must believe it. Ah, Peleas!” I to repeat half Theocritus and to make the cried reproachfully, “why in the world most delicate omelettes over a camp-fire. haven't you told me before?” (For I So now, as the victoria turned down a have a theory that it is as well to believe grass-grown road bordered by high banks all the impossible things as to be deceived topped with box-alders, I thrilled at its in many of the possible things.) “And 657 658 The Outing Magazine one. what will the conditions be?” I de dimity, little black bead eyes twinkling, manded. we felt that we had acted very wisely to These Peleas checked off with a bough answer her summons. of japonica, in full bloom, which he had I am wont to say that Miss Willie has shamelessly begged from a door-yard. an air of spiced cordial. She is not only "First,” he said, “one must go to the a friend who sometimes surprises you: orchard with somebody who would not be she is one who offers you surprises by way in the least surprised to see one become of commonplace; and Peleas once said young again." that her very idea of the conversational “Ah, well,” said I, “that would surprise foot-hills is mountainous, not to say vol- neither you nor me, in the least." canic. And this is the truth; for with the “Etarre!” she cried breathlessly to me, wizard ways of Nature I can see no reason “Lionel has just telephoned that he is for not expecting phenomena instead of motoring out to dinner--with four others consistencies, and no departure of outdoors in the car. Shall you mind?” would amaze me. “My dear,” said I, “don't look so hunt- “Second,” said Peleas, “one has to use ed. They will amuse me beyond every the hour in some fashion to pay back the Who are they?” orchard, or Nature, or some of them for "A man and a woman celebrity, and a the gift.” lady and a gentleman,” explained Miss “But that would be very much simpler,” Lillieblade, acidly. “The woman celebrity I murmured, “than trying to repay most is the star in `Chiffon.' I'm afraid Lionel kindnesses." is in love with her. She is a terrible little “And third," finished Peleas, “one must creature with her hair in italics and her know how to say the right word to start gowns in capitals. Lionel wants me to the spell." meet her.” “That should not be so very difficult,” I took my cup in silence, and while Miss I said, “with all the beautiful words in the Lillieblade went on about demerits 1 sat world. I daresay the right one will be sipping my tea and looking out over the ‘quince,' or ‘mystery,' or perhaps ‘Pen heaven of that summer valley, sunk in the dragon. sense of afternoon. It is hard to fix one's “I think I would risk 'Marathon,' attention on affairs of lesser importance said Peleas, musingly. “I fancy Aladdin when town is left behind and the world might have found twice as many jewels in of the true outdoors is fairly catching at the cave if only he had said 'Marathon’ one's sleeve for attention. I love these instead of 'Sesame.' heavenly importunities, this lure of a “But then," I suggested, "think how shaded place that besieges you to come much more important the magic of or and sit there. I protest that when I see chards would be than a mere cave of jew a bench under a sycamore in a garden I els. ( Peleas," I added, “Miss Lillie feel exactly like a child with a kitten, for blade has a wonderful orchard." I cannot turn away. While I sipped my tea "Ah, yes, of course,” recollected Peleas I saw such a bench, with a scarf of honey- with a sigh. “We are about to pay a suckle on its arm and a bed of sweet-o'-lips visit, are we not?” near at hand. And though I did my best Yet we are very fond of Miss Wilhelmina to fix my attention on this matter of Lionel Lillieblade, to whose place in Westchester and the star of "Chiffon," I kept mixing we had come for a week's end; and as we his love with that scarf of honeysuckle, rolled up the broad earthen drive, guilt and Miss Lillieblade's fear with sweet-o'- less of gravel, and saw the man on the lips. I do remember thinking of Miss box stoop to evade the tender, brushing Lillieblade's grand-nephew Lionel as I had chestnuts, and caught a glimpse of white last seen him-a fresh-faced, eager, buoy- pillars and cool awnings and a tea-table ant lad, his eyes alight with the certainty before a wide hall door, we were recon that he was born to make little songs ciled even to that risk of risks, a visit. about the world and so on; and I grieved When Miss “Willie" Lillieblade came out at the change of manner at which Miss to greet us, silver-gray hair, silver-gray Lillieblade so plainly hinted. And I fell The Magic of Orchards 659 rose. to wondering whether, being a meddling gravely. “Dinner is a feast, and is not old woman, I might not in some interfering a feast always kept?” fashion be able to help him; and then my And “How subtile! You must be very eyes were taken with the certainty of the metaphysical!” chimed in the lady, like glimpse of orchard one would have from bells that one has accidentally struck. the honeysuckle bench, and my thought, As for myself, this lady of “Chiffon” a very light-o'-love for the sake of the was forcing me from the veranda no more summer, forth with fled away in pursuit of poignantly than the twilight was calling what Peleas had told me of any orchard's me. As soon as might be, having greeted magic. When one is past seventy it is Lionel and avoided the others, I escaped so much easier to dream than to think. behind a row of potted trees, down the At length, when the sun-dial warned us steps, across the lawn in the safe twilight, how much better to be warned by a sun and away to the stone bench that had dial than threatened by a clock-we went beckoned me in the afternoon, waiting away upstairs to our cool, white-painted there under the sycamore. There I sank rooms. I was stirred to such pleasant folly down gratefully, for the scarf of honey- by the sweet of the country air and the suckle was fragrant in the dark, as if it unwonted ways of its quiet that I drew had lain long among the secret spices of from my traveling bag a gown painted with the earth; and the bed of sweet-o'-lips pale hydrangeas, most absurd for age and glowed in a blur of dim-distinguishable yet eminently fitted to the joyousness of the day. I hardly dared look at myself What a dusk had begun! One would in the mirror, for it was a gown that I have said that, with the coming of that wore only on home-evenings with Peleas, twilight, a bell must have been struck and I have never known what unbidden somewhere, as Peleas had suggested: “One impulse led me to choose it for that night. -two-three-now begins the most won- And though I was secretly happy to see it derful gloaming in the world.” Images sweep mistily about me on the stair, yet flowed one within another, until it mat- I was thankful, as I emerged upon the tered very little to the watcher which was veranda in the beginning of the twilight, fountain and which was rose-tree, they that attention was persuaded from my were so alike. I daresay that it will be gaudiness by the snort and tug of a motor that way in broad daylight, in Heaven. and the shrill trail of its warning horn So I sat quietly, thankful for “such a prefacing Lionel's car at the park entrance. night,” when, without my having heard I remember that as I slipped behind a his step on the lawn, Lionel was beside friendly hibiscus tree, in sudden confusion at my gay, flowered muslin, I felt myself, “Aunt Etarre,” he cried in that voice as Miss Lillieblade had said of her expected of youth which I protest is more like the guest, gowned in capitals. voice of Nature than is Nature's very If I had cherished a hope that the lady silence, “Aunt Etarre"-so he has called of “Ch'iffon” might not fill Miss Lillie me from his little boyhood—“let us walk blade's prophecy of her, that hope was the a little; are you tired? Have we time evidence that I had not seen her. She before dinner? Come, a walk with me be- was so gay that her very gravity was like fore the other car gets here-please!” the gayness of another. She had an in “Give me the gift of twilight to walk sistent laugh that forbade the talk until in and the surprise of a bird stirring in a she had done, upward intonations which thicket," I quoted to myself,' and you may incessantly claimed one's assent, and she have the chest of rubies, unsmouldering had heavy lids and even teeth and a in the dark.” And “So," I thought, as I broad nose, and her presence moved among rose willingly enough, "not only does the us like a rough wind from another climate. dusk descend to amuse me, but here is a There was, her thin and peaked tone ex lover who would sing to me of his lady." plained to us, another car expected—they And so the lover would. We walked had broken down a mile away; dear Miss through the sweet of the old-fashioned Lillieblade would not mind keeping dinner? garden-a place where all flowers, and “By no means,” said Miss Lillieblade, even weeds of blunt intelligence, must me. 660 The Outing Magazine noon: have grown with delight. Miss Lillieblade be the library—between those two trees, is a famous gardener, and not even her with the lowest boughs for bookshelves." statistics about her vegetables or her I nodded the grateful affirmation which knowledge of the pedigree of her roses I always feel when some one understands can detract from her garden's witchery. that outdoors is not merely outdoors, but There Lionel talked to me of his lady, a place as filled with personality as is a but not as I had thought. For instead cathedral. I felt the long grass yield, of a pæan of praise, he poured out to I heard the sweep of my flowered skirts me a veritable lover's plaint of the griefs upon it—really, the gown was not so amiss of love, of the inconstancy of his lady, of here in the orchard! I smelt the rich, his own despair, and, as I could see, though odorous fruit ripe for the picking, within he did not, of dissatisfaction with the the leaves, and, on a sudden, I looked whole wretched business of his infatuation down an aisle of gnarled trees to the pale for the star of “Chiffon." Yet I daresay west and I saw the little new moon. And that he fancied himself to be only luxuri then I stood still and remembered; I ously confiding to me a very picturesque remembered Peleas' words of the after- affair of which he seemed not a little proud. But I knew well enough, and my heart “I am told ibai when one is past seventy, ached for him. if one walks out in an orchard in summer, “She is so full of life and the love of at twilight, under a perfectly new moon, be life," he kept asserting, like an argument. can, under three conditions, have back one “She loves the woods and all beauty hour of his youth.” “Ah, does she?” said I suddenly, “and I do not know what Lionel may have would she like to come out here, for ex been saying—1, whose chief use in life ample, and sit for hours in this garden is to listen to confidences and withhold all alone?” advice! What were the conditions, the I smiled as I asked it. I think that I three conditions that Peleas had named? can, without long acquaintanceship, dis Ah, and if any one thinks me a little mad tinguish those who love the companion I delight in the charge. For if there be ship of outdoors and those who are merely any possibility, however mad, whereby alive to its values as a background. one may win back an hour of his youth, I At length, having penetrated the gar cry scorn to the unimaginative Old who den, we crossed a lawn to a low wall show would not give it trial. Who could prove ing faintly in the deepening dusk; and that if one of seventy or thereabouts Lionel unlatched a little wicket gate, made went into a summer orchard with the right like the cover of an ancient treasure bas word on his lips Youth might not for one ket, and held it wide for ine to pass. As brief, sweet moment visibly return, and I did so I saw that we had left the house one might not know, through all one's a distance behind and were entering the tired being, its pulses and its heights? orchard. No one could possibly disprove it-I most To me, as life grows late, an orchard be happily defy any one to disprove it even comes more of an expression of myself now! As for me I believe so heartily in than is a wood. The loneliness and aloof all the wonder of the world that I think ness of a wood terrify me not a little, but no radiant phenomenon could surprise me. the intimacy of an orchard is the sweetest In a fine excitement I bent my energies to A wood is like a wonderful remembering what one must do to make stranger; an orchard is like a dear friend. trial of the magic of orchards.' And at A wood is a stately salon; an orchard is that very moment I heard Lionel saying: a cheery, gossipy kitchen-something is “Aunt Etarre, you look like the spirit always being done in orchards, fruit is of the place-my Lady Demeter, come to getting made, virtue is going out of the taste of her trees." bark. “Demeter was young, Lionel,” I pro- “An orchard always makes me want to tested in unfeigned sadness. keep house under the trees,” exclaimed “I know it, dear,” assented Lionel. Lionel suddenly. “See there — what a "She couldn't help it. Neither can you. place for the best room! And there might Do you know," said the dear boy, "I have reassurance. The Magic of Orchards 661 long had a secret theory that you are “Ah, Jove!” cried Lionel suddenly; twenty.” “Aunt Etarre, what do you think I have And at that Peleas' words came back in my pocket?" to me. With infinite pains, for all his boy's “First," he had said, one must go to eagerness, he drew something forth from an orchard with some one who would not be within his coat, and when I saw it I was in the least surprised to see one become fain to gasp with delight and astonishment. young again." For he showed me two long, black, di- And here was Lionel actually insisting vergent musical pipes, fitted to a single on my youth! Besides, I knew Lionel to mouth-piece, and fashioned like the pipes be one of the adorable few who could almost of the young Pan or of the ancient shep- certainly have come upon Pan on a hillside herds under the lime-trees of Cos and the without one throb of fear. So then-one oaks of Himera. had only, according to Peleas, to pay one's “Lionel!” | cried, “wherever did you debt "to the orchard, or Nature, or some get them?” of them” for that hour of youth, and to be “A fellow brought them to me,” ex- able to say the word that should break plained Lionel. “I jabbed a hole in my the spell, in order to be, for one hour, pocket so they'd go down the lining. young-young-young again. I smiled at Aren't they immense? They aren't old, my wandering fancy even as I indulged you know—they make 'em for you in it, and a fancy must be very wild indeed Sicily, while you wait. But,” he blew a to deserve my smile. What was the word, soft note, long and immeasurably sweet, I wondered; what was the word that "wouldn't that fairly make one go a-shep- would break the spell and would prove if herding?” he asked exultantly. "What such things indeed be? But even if the a place to have them-here in the or- word came to me, whatever could I do to chard! I can show you a little how they pay back my debt for such magic as that? go,” he added, and stood erect under the I looked at Lionel standing under an shadowy tree, and set the pipes to his lips. apple-tree, one arm thrown across a bur Oh, and it was sweet-sweet like the for- dened branch, his face uplifted, his pure gotten wind of old days, wind that caught profile against the pure gold of the west. the sound of pipings “down the valleys How I loved his young strength, the young wild” in far lands of sun, when the world eagerness, the young hope! And suddenly was young, and the nightingale sang from the memory of the insistent laugh of the the thicket and “Spring, the thrice-desir- lady of "Chiffon" besieged me, of the up able," walked delicately abroad. It was ward intonations, the dreadful gayety, the as if a strain from the music of a Sicilian presence of her, like a rough wind from night crept down the orchard. I listened another climate. If only I could make breathlessly, and it was half as if the him see! If only I could make him see dimming orchard, and the golden fruit her for one moment as she was! Ah, there yet warm from the sun, and the paling would be the paying of my debt for an west and the little moon were some way a hour of such magic as I dreamed, and there part of me, and listened breathless, too. would be reason enough for the coming of So I cannot tell whether what I heard was such magic into the world. And straight in the air that Lionel was fashioning- way I protest, being a very stupid old whether he knew that he played it or woman, who can entertain but one fancy whether, indeed, some remembered har- at a time, my desire for youth for its own mony of those ancient, enchanted days sake quite deserted me, and I became pos found its way to the pipes of its own ac- sessed only of a passionate wish for youth, cord, but I protest that suddenly there an hour of youth to try to make Lionel see sounded such a strain of unearthly beauty the pit in the path he was choosing. Does in his simple melody that it caught at that seem to youth a gray pastime for my heart like a tender hand. It was an youth? Ah, but when life grows late and air, not alone like the measures of my own the days are colorless then, it may be, youth, but like the youth of the race, the such pastimes have at length all the gold youth of the world, the youth of the sing- of adventure and the glamour of any quest. ing stars. And then I knew the word- 662 The Outing Magazine I knew the word that would break the and we paced deeper in the green arcade, spell. How else should one be young and returned to the grassy aisle, and than by thinking of youth, dreaming of touched hands, and went forward to a youth, feeling youth in the heart of him, merrier note. But to me there seemed admitting nothing but youth to the cur no incongruity in the moment, and this rents of his blood? is the test of the heights of all experience "Youth!” I said to myself, and barely-and of all madness. above my quick breath-"the word is "Lionel," I said, "this is the way they youth!” did when the world was young and when As we turned I put my hand to my there was nothing of it but the outdoors.” hair in swift trepidation. Where was my He nodded, piping. lavender cap? Not on my head-and I “This is the way,” I went on, “that we must certainly have worn it in the garden should all do, if the world were all made of And did I fancy it, or was my hair thick outdoors now, and nothing else.” and soft as it used to be--and oh, was it He sounded a gay little note that brown? I could not tell if it were indeed seemed to me to signify his supreme but assuredly it was magically willingness. luxuriant. What of this sudden exulta “But in that case,” said I boldly, “we tion that had come upon me, these pulses should have to make over half the people of summer, this intoxicating sense of being of the world. Not-not all of us could at one with all the joyous hour? Youth, belong in such a picture as this, Lionel. youth! I cried to myself; what might it be Some of us," said I in spite of myself, but youth, come to me for the one miracu "would seem, in this orchard, like a rough lous hour of Paradise? I dared not look wind from another climate.” down at my hands, but I slipped them I hesitated, wondering greatly how in among the folds of my skirts, for they the world I could make him see that, just would have told the truth. But the little as the star of “Chiffon” would be a rough ring of pearls that Peleas had set there wind there in the orchard, so she would be when I was twenty had not grown old, in all his life. and how should the hands be old? I felt “After all,” I said, standing opposite the breath of the orchard on my mouth, him in the twilight, "after all, Lionel, the brush of leaves all about me, the piping women do not change. Custom and civil- of the song of the youth of all things in ization vary, but the heart of a woman my ears, and I was young again, I say never changes. As they were long ago that I was young, with a draught of the in Sicily, as they are in every woman's nectar of the high gods. youth, so they remain. And you can al- I held out my hand to Lionel and touched ways test them. If I were a man, in love my finger tips to my flowered skirts. He with a woman, do you know how I could understood, and caught my hand and, tell whether she were the eternal woman, the pipes still set to his lips, paced with the one woman?” me down the dim aisle of the trees. We “How?” asked Lionel; and he had seemed to know the simple, stately meas stopped his piping. ure as if we had danced it all our days “Test her by the outdoors,” said I. a measure that went trippingly and yet “She may be glittering and splendid in a with all the delicacy of a thing not danced, drawing-room, she may be adorable at but remembered. We turned, and bowed, dinner, and perfect at a ball; but when and stepped from each other, the soft grass she is outdoors under a blue sky there may yielding, my flowery skirts trailing and be something-her laugh, her artificiality, sweeping mistily about me; and when we the very flush on her cheeks—that will faced the garden we were in shadow, but make you ashamed.” when we turned toward the west the pale I held my breath; for it was as if I had light was in our eyes and we saw the painted the very picture of the star of crescent of the moon trembling above the “Chiffon,” a splash of crude color on the fruit of the topmost boughs. And now I evenly meted dusk. stepped within the shadow of a tree, and "In my youth," I said, "these things now he gravely met me on its other side, were not so difficult. A lady at her loom, The Magic of Orchards 663 before her embroidery frame, in a minuet, He rushed away from me, up the path- at the spinnet, or, let us say, a-Maying- poor boy, his pipes silent in his hand. she was not to be mistaken. We went When I had followed sorrowfully, griev- about our tasks with a difference. We ing for the old-new ache of the heart, I painted, we wove, we washed the china came to the little wicket gate, like the and whitened the silver and brewed the cover of an ancient treasure-basket, and punch and listened to our elders. And there I found Peleas waiting for me. Then that was because the land was yet young I remembered what wonderful thing had and there was something of the outdoors happened to me, and how my youth had left in all our hearts. But now when a come upon me, and I hurried to him wist- thousand walls have shut us in, we must fully-for I had longed, so many times, drag one another back to Nature by force not to grow old in his eyes. before we know the truth about ourselves. “Peleas," I whispered him, “Peleas- And with all the best of us the outdoors look at me!” shows us true; and with all the worst of He looked, and took my hand, and bent us it shows us false. Will you prove her to kiss me; but there was no surprise in so?” I cried, and I was amazed at my own his face. daring; surely, surely the daring of youth “Peleas,” I cried, “but how do I look?” was in my veins. “Will you prove her “Like a girl, Etarre,” he said; but still so, Lionel?” I cried. there was in his face no surprise. He came a step nearer and looked down We went through the old-fashioned gar- at me without speaking. den toward the house, and I was silent "When I was young—” I began, trem with marveling. We reached the steps, ulously. and I heard the voices of the others in the The twilight had deepened so that I hall, and I knew that in a moment I must could hardly see his face; I was frightened know the truth. I touched my hair-the at my own words, and I kept my hands lavender cap was not there; but still i clasped tightly behind me, my fingers on would not look at my hands, for they would the little worn ring of pearls that Peleas tell me the truth. I took Peleas' arm had slipped there when I was twenty. and mounted to the veranda, and turned If I were to look at my hands I should to him eagerly as we stepped within the know the truth-yet if that little ring were lighted cave of the hallway. not old how should the hands be old? “You look like a girl to-night, Etarre,” “When I was young,” I said, “I think said Peleas again. But neither in his face there was something of the outdoors left nor in his tender voice was there any sur- in all our hearts.” prise. “So there is now,” said Lionel suddenly and caught and kissed my hand. So I “Chiffon' has gone to Australia,” said knew that he had understood all that I had Miss Lillieblade two months later, in tried to tell him. town. “Lionel,” I said, with infinite tender “And where is Lionel?” I asked with ness, “I know all about it. I feel as if I had interest. been given back an hour of my youth to “Back in college, like a white man and tell you that I do know. I have been very unlike a poet,” said Miss Lillieblade, with bold to speak of her,” I said, trembling, reminiscent bitterness. “ but I don't think, I don't think, Lionel, When she was gone Peleas looked at me that the outdoors would approve her, nor fixedly. would the orchard," I added, “on such a "Etarre," he said, "speaking of Lionel, night.' But you must forgive me.” and that week-end at Miss willie's house He put out his hands with an inarticu in Westchester- “Yes," said I innocently. “Who are you?” he said, almost with “Did you ever try the magic of that or- a sob, "you don't speak to me like Aunt chard?” he asked. Etarre. You don't understand her. You “Yes,” I confessed, “I did. Did you, don't Peleas?” “I know, I know," I answered sadly. "I did," he admitted, "one night- late cry: 664 The Outing Magazine when I waited for you by the little wicket gate. I suspected it was what you were doing.” "And did it-did it come true, Peleas?" I asked eagerly. “Ah, well now, did it?” he parried. “You saw me.” We were silent for a moment, smiling into each other's eyes. “If you take youth with you into an orchard or into a market-place, for that matter," said Peleas, “I suppose there always will be magic, will there not?” That seemed most reasonable, even for magic. “But," I said lingeringly, for I liked well my old fancy, “where was my laven- der cap, Peleas? We both knew that many an argument of reason has been overthrown by no more valid an objection. And we both have a theory that it is as well to believe all the impossible things as to be deceived in many of those that are possible. “Besides,” said Peleas, “we are young to each other. And that is magic enough.” THERE'S MUSIC IN MY HEART TO-DAY BY LLOYD ROBERTS There's music in my heart to-day; The Master-hand is on the keys, Calling me up to the windy hills And down to the purple seas. Let Time draw back when I hear that tune Old to the soul when the stars were new- And swing the doors to the four great winds, That my feet may wander through. North or South, and East or West; Over the rim with the bellied sails, From the mountains' feet to the empty plains, Or down the silent trails- It matters not which door you choose; The same clear tune blows through them all, Though one heart leaps to the grind of seas, And one to the rain-bird's call. However you hide in the city's din And drown your ears with its siren songs, Some day steal in those thin, wild notes, And you leave the foolish throngs. God grant that the day will find me not When the tune shall mellow and thrill in vain- So long as the plains are red with sun, And the woods are black with rain. ALONG THE STUBBLES CHAUNCEY BAGS A CHICKEN BY MAXIMILIAN FOSTER IN N the golden world of the September like gittin' 'em out of a barnyard! Sure stubbles all the air snapped and it is!” crackled with the frost; and there All of which Joe said sincerely; but ris- at the edge of the landscape was the sun ing to the occasion, we wished to know. of a cloudless day just lifting above the "Well-outside workin' the dogs,” said sky-line. All Dakota stretched before us he, switching around in his seat; "there in the light of that sparkling dawn-an ain't much to it. They lie too close-you undulating sweep of yellow, stripped to the got to walk up to the bunch an' kick 'em harvest, and with only the rounded domes out, an' then they buzz up like a lot of of the straw piles and the blur of some turkey fatters. Ahr-it's a right an' left lonely tree-claim to break its infinity of every time; an’ if you know the game, levels. Against the east, a threshing crew you c'n tear the hull innards out o' a had begun their day, the long box of the flock. I ain't much fur it.” thresher breaking down the rounded curve But in September, said Joe--after the of land and sky, and over its tail an arc frosts began--that was different! of winnowed straw-chaff gushing from the "Git a little tech o’ frost in their blood funnel; and there, too, along the distance -nippy days like this—an' they ain't goin’ crawled a Great Northern freight, its string to hang aroun' under foot till ye got to of box cars standing up like houses in the go an' kick 'em up.” lucid air. But ever in the north the Chirruping to the team, Joe turned off fields lay bare and lifeless, a wide country from the line road, and swung out into for the birds, and turning the heads of the the open stubble. A mile beyond, just team, we drove on into the eye of the over the horses' ears, a tree-claim stood up breeze. against the sky-line in a dusky blur; and “Hunh nippy like, now ain't it?” below that, on the right, was a long hay grumbled Joe, hunched up in the collar meadow spreading down to the edges of of his coat; "well, we got to hunt up into a slough. “Keep yer eyes peeled, now,” the wind, anyhow; an’ if you folks is friz, cautioned Joe, waving his whip toward the git out an’ walk a bit." stubble on the side; "they's a bunch To walk meant an obvious delay. We handy here.” rode and froze. Under foot the dogs Reining up, Joe sat back in the seat and huddled among the lap robes stirred un watched, while we fumbled among the easily—there were four of them crouched robes for a dog. Bird, the setter bitch, in the wagon-box-and every movement went out over the right wheel first, a little let in a gush of the tart air that stung to loath to be dragged from her warm bed- the marrow like steel. ding; but Rap, the pointer, scenting ex- “W-wwish we'd-dd-d c-come in August!" citement and whimpering at the chance chattered Peter Chauncey. for a run, piled out over the end-gate at “August, hey-hunh!" Joe, with an a word. other grunt, disdainfully flicked the team, "Heck-now that's a pretty pair, any- and we rattled onward over the prairie how,” praised Joe, as the two burst away road. "August, hey? Say--they ain't a-gallop; "ever tried 'em afore in big much fun shootin' them pore little birds country-out here in the open, eh?" in August. Chickens in hot weather is But the truth of the matter was that 665 668 The Outing Magazine ing dog. A shrill whistle stopped him; he Bird, ranging up against the familiar trees, turned and threw up his head. There was was taking in every inch of the cover, Pod, holding stiff to the point, and with a cleaning up the ground methodically and quick turn, full of life and power, the smart at a patient gait that made Joe snort pointer brought himself to a standstill and loudly in disdain. "There's quail dog for backed the other manfully. ye! Lawd—it's like she's hunting mice!" Spreading out, we walked up cautiously, But Bird, none the less, knew in her own waiting for the birds to rise. Foot by foot way exactly what she was about, and we edged along, and I heard Peter Chaun rounding up at the corner, she turned, cey mumbling through his teeth, “Suf cocked herself sideways and came to a fering Cæsar — do you see them yet ?” beautiful stand. But there was the open stubble, as bare “Gosh-get her!” was what Joe said, and flat, apparently, as the palm of your and pulled the horses to a standstill. hand; and though I screwed my eye to it Together we climbed down, loaded and hard and looked there was not a feather walked in on the bitch. On my right, now, to be seen. “Walk in—walk in on 'em!” was Peter Chauncey, going jauntily, the roared Joe; and we walked till Pod was confidence of success still strong in him almost trod upon. and the memory of his right and left to B7777-whirr! A bird lurched up almost back it. Joe, cocked up on the wagon under foot — 67777 another and more. seat, waved Pod away to the open where In that instant the air seemed full of birds the other birds had settled, and turned - all the bunch got up at once, and to watch the sport. bang----bang- Peter Chauncey cut away “Easy there!” he yelled to us, and later into the rush. One bird, a full-grown cock I remembered. But as Peter Chauncey that was lining it away toward the tree said, it had been too easy; and instead claim, doubled up on himself and thumped of widening out so that one of us, at least, to the ground; and—bang-I let go at might rake the other side of the tree-claim, the right and missed cleverly. Then an we came up briskly along the trees, and other bird thumped to the prairie-Peter what happened after that I am not at all Chauncey had a double; and pulling on sure I can tell. a straight-away-bang!- that was bet For together, like a pair of grouse in the ter. A drift of downy feathers settled timber, the two chickens got up thirty along the wind, and the bird, going on a yards away, and buzzed to the right and bit, collapsed suddenly and turned up its left. The outer bird, catching the wind toes in the stubble! under its wings, beat it away from my Looking after the birds, we saw them neighbor, and—bang-bang !—the bird went swim along toward the tree-claim, and on unscathed. But the other, shying from breaking there in a wide circle, drift down the open, dodged along the edge of the to the stubble. Joe, standing up on the tree-claim like a Pennsylvania pheasant, wagon seat, had marked them down, too; and I cracked away at it foolishly, and and at his call Pod stood up and bustled empty-handed slouched back to the wagon. around before us. “Dead-dead, Pod “Hunh-eh it was easy, hey?” croaked hey you, Pod!" yelled Joe cheerfully; Joe; "easy like it pained ye! That's and the red pointer snatched up my single all right-1 seen it.” and delivered it to hand. Together, the two dogs, ranging out at "Now then," suggested Joe, reining down the east of us, had caught a pair of singles, into a walk as we came up against the tree Pod's a running bird that he moved upon claim; "mebbe you'd like to drop that swiftly; but Bird holding hers close at setter-bitch an' pick up the pinter to rest. hand. So the pair of us, just settling to There's two birds swung in here out o'the the seat, piled out again, fumbling in our bunch-she oughter work 'em up in the coats for the shells. “Hold on there!" trees. Say—them chicken is lyin' mighty yelled Joe, leaning down in the wagon; close for this time o' year, ain't they?” "jes' a minute!” There was a rattle of Picking up the pointer, we dropped chain, then—"Still, there, Coon!”—and Bird to the stubble, and drifted along the leaning out over the wheel, Joe bundled edge of the tree-claim, watching. For out a chocolate-colored pointer that would Along the Stubbles 669 have gladdened the heart of a breeder the time that bird got the wind under him, hunting for height and bone. For in Coon you was fishin' all over the sky with yer was all the size one could have looked for, gun barrels, tryin' to cover him, an' him a big, upstanding dog, full of room for flip-floppin' aroun' like a snipe.” lungs, lean, cleanly trimmed in the shoul We took the rebuke meekly, and getting ders and standing forward as closely as in again, drove along toward the west. a cat. From the turn of his head to the Joe, it appeared, knew the game. “Why, sweeping curve of hip and stifle he was shucks!” he laughed; “and you sayin' it all the dog that one could want, but there was too easy, hey? Say-Ic'd jes' hear was one point about him, as we learned that ole chicken hollerin' tut-tut-tut-tut! readily enough, that offset all that quality of Like was a-laughin' at ye!” good looks. Pod, with all his ungainliness, But at the next stand we retrieved our- was amiable and affectionate; Coon was a selves. Coon, ranging off to the west, beauty, but a sulky one. Once put down picked up a brace of strays; and mindful in the field, he hunted as it pleased him this time of Joe's warning, we rounded up self, and would stand no driving at the behind the pointer with our backs to the work. wind. The first of the pair, rising wild, By this time the wind had risen stiffly, got up almost out of gun shot; and Peter and over against the west the flying dust Chauncey and I, together, squibbed away banked up like a fog. The frost had gone at him, giving each other no choice of the out of the air, but the sky still lay cloudless shot. One of us got him, though it took above us; and only for the wind and dust, three shots to bring him down; and as the day was perfect. With our backs to Peter Chauncey broke his gun to throw the gale, we walked down the stubble, and out the shells, the second bird arose on my holding our guns before us, sidled in toward right, suddenly and as I dropped the the dogs. "Hie!" yelled Joe, and looking barrels to him, somersaulted neatly and back, we saw him waving desperately. came to earth. “Go front 'em!” he shouted, and swung “Well, now, that's better,” said Joe his arm in a circle. But we were doing approvingly, as we walked up to the wagon; this. If we walked down ahead of the and once more pulling Bird aboard, we dogs, there was little telling where they rolled away across the wheat-fields. Just would get up. So we pushed in, a bird beyond us a homesteader's big barns and buzzed up like an alarm clock right ahead, out-buildings stood up against the dusty and pushed by the gale, spread away hel- sky-line. "That fodder-fiel' yonder," said ter-skelter on the left. Joe, pointing with his whip, “oughter In that wind the twelve-gauge cracked have a bunch lyin' 'roun'it, mebbe. like a squib-bing!—I had him before he We'll jes' throw the dogs along there, got under way; but the second bird, anyhow." flushed wide, got into the breeze before Coon, coming in at the left of us, struck there was a gun on him, and bolting off the edge of the tall stalks, turned, and was sideways with the full force of it to help rushing off again, when Pod, a little be- him, was going like a rocket when we cut yond, hunched up his shoulders, and at a away. Bang-bang!-then crack! Peter swift patter crept down the outer furrow Chauncey's right and left came-bang turned by the plow at the field side. bang! I tried to wipe his eye; and the “Steady!” yelled Joe, seeing him; and chicken, hiking it for all it was worth, at the cry the big dog, Coon, turned about went on down the breeze, its wings beat and galloped toward his mate. Pod had ing swiftly-sailing a ways-winging it on found the birds and was standing them, again, and at last drifting down into the one fore-foot doubled up beneath his edge of the meadow hay, a half mile breast, but Coon, the jealous brute, in- beyond. stead of backing his partner on the point, “Well,” said Joe tartly, driving up; “if was still rushing up, and plainly bent on you'd not thought it was so plumb easy, stealing the other's laurels. “Hie, you mebbe you'd be puttin' that chicken in -Coon!” screamed Joe angrily; but the the wagon-box now. Didn't I yell to ye big pointer gave no heed. Pushing in to flush 'em down wind ? I see ye. By ahead stealthily, like the thief he was, he 670 The Outing Magazine settled himself-stood an instant-crawled it was no easy work to stop them; and closer; and at that, a little cloud of chicken between us we ruined more good corn than burst up out of their cover and scattered we brought down feathers to show for it. over the field of standing corn. Pushing our birds under the seat, we In that moment I think we had our climbed in; and with all three of the dogs wounded feelings salved with the balm of going it in front, sheered off toward the a real and poetic justice. Other dogs but slough. ours had their faults, we saw. There was There, on the edge of the high ground Joe, given over to a flood of fluent Anglo that stretched down toward the marsh, Saxon; and there was Peter Chauncey, we found another bunch-the biggest of grinning amiably and full of sweet atten the day. Pod and Bird, ranging together tion. And there, too, was the big pointer down the line of weeds at the field's edge, Coon, rushing about in heedless excitement, struck them at the fence corner, and set- and poor Pod looking at his master and tled to the point; Rap, coming after, with his heavy face full of canine wonder backed them neatly; and there we had ment. the three, so close to the wagon that we That ended Coon's usefulness for the could have taken the shot without moving. day. Pod, going on, found the birds But the whole affair, as it proved, turned again; and once more the big pointer out less easy than we thought. The birds flushed them exultantly, romping through were big and strong, there was the wind to the corn in the sheer delight of his ugly help them, and the first bird, rising wild, disposition. So picking him up by the took all the others with it, and went sailing scruff of the neck, Joe threw him into the off into the distance. At the first barrel wagon; and setting down the pointer Rap nothing happened; the second was little again, we went after the scattered birds better. A little jump of feathers an- that had dropped on the further end of swered to the shot, but the bird, picking the field. up, went on and left us. But we marked In that standing cover, with the breeze it and all the others; and with the horses to make things lively, we had our sport of at a stiff trot, took after them. Once more the day. The two pointers, sliding up and the dogs picked up outlying birds; and down the furrows, picked up the birds, one again and again, the chicken flushed wild, by one. They lay pretty close to the edge, or, at the best, at a pretty stiff range. to be sure, but not quite far enough out Shell after shell we wasted in trying to into the open to make any slaughter of bring them down; and the most that we the shooting. Each bird we had to go in got for our pains was the scorn and derision after; and between the wind and the toss of Joe. Even the cripple hit in that first ing corn stalks that swept into the way at volley almost lost us, too, and rising out every shot, the two of us did an hour's very of a little hollow, was almost over the pretty missing. Two bunches we found edge of the rise when Peter Chauncey got along that mile of corn---they were around him with a long straight-away from the us on every side, it seemed-single birds left. and doubles; but they got up as they So when a horn in the nearby farm-house pleased. Catching the wind behind them blew its call, we picked up our lone trophy, as they buzzed out from beneath our feet, and turned the team that way. SOME LAKE-SIDE WADERS OF THE NORTHWEST BY HERBERT K. JOB PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR ago that T was not so from the upper Missouri for a few score very long miles and reached the lake region in what is now North Dakota, he could have filled when our migra- many a gap in his material. There the wild tory shore-birds geese and ducks nest even now and the and water-fowl elusive shore-birds rear their young. With departed on a boat launched on the Minnewaukon, or their northward “Spirit Water,” he might have been rea- flight they with- sonably safe from the savages, for even to drew into a this day the Indians have a superstitious realm of mys- fear of paddling out on its waters, believing tery, beyond that the mysterious evil Spirit may destroy reach and ob them. servation of the Along the gravelly margin of this large naturalists who lake resort hosts of shore-birds in the season would gladly of migration; but for breeding purposes have learned those which stay prefer the little grassy their secrets. To pools or sloughs which lie back on the one who makes prairie from the larger lakes. These are no pretension of scattered all over the region, from the being as great a naturalist as Audubon Dakotas, western Minnesota and eastern it is mightily interesting to read his biog Montana, northward through Manitoba and raphies of these birds so mysterious to Assiniboia, and up into the Saskatchewan him, and feel just a bit elated in knowing country, the muskeg region, and the bar- more of some of them than he did, to have ren grounds to the arctic sea. All this found nests which he never set eyes upon, is the favorite summer home of multitudes and to have traversed regions which, with of our swift-flying, mysterious shore-birds, all his enthusiasm, he then found it impos or limicolæ, and the keen enthusiast who sible to penetrate. In his day the West and has long tried to become familiar with Northwest were practically inaccessible. them can here find them in goodly numbers He did at last manage to ascend the Mis and study them at leisure. souri River by boat to the borders of our Most of the species go far to the north to present Montana, after many weeks of toil those parts of their range which are as yet and danger. But even then he could not little known and quite inaccessible. The wander back from the muddy river to the final weeding-out process in the southern grass-girt prairie lakelets where the hordes part of this range comes promptly with the of wild fowl nested. There was constant early days of June. I shall never forget danger from Indians, and to study birds un the sight which I witnessed for a few hours der military escort is not the most success one day in May in North Dakota on a ful method. little, shallow, muddy, alkaline pool of a If only he could have struck eastward few acres. Just back from the shore, in 671 672 The Outing Magazine of insect prey. some dry rushes, were two nests of the permitted to any but the most favored mallard and two of the marsh hawk. The lovers of wild nature. Would that Audu- water of the pool was but a few inches deep bon could have enjoyed this treat! in any part, and it was fairly alive with Of this trinity of odd characters—bird- shore-birds. There were golden and black freaks, we might call them—which we are bellied plovers, yellow-legs, dowitchers, following up, the bright and shining light sanderlings and other sandpipers, turn is certainly the avocet. Its very appear- stones, avocets, willets and phalaropes. ance is distinguished, and instantly arrests They were wading about and actively prob- attention. The plumage is of sharply con- ing the soft mud, without any interference trasted black and white, with yellowish buff or jealousy, and all were having a fine time. on head and neck; the legs are like stilts, Within a few days all but the last three while the bill, too, is long and slender, curv- kinds had left for the far north, and even ing up in a way to make one wonder how among the phalaropes there was a division, the creature can eat. The first pair which for there were two kinds, the northern and I ever saw, on the shore of a Dakota lake, the Wilson's, and it was only the latter made a profound impression on me by their which stayed. appearance and graceful movements as Back on the dry prairies the sickle-billed they ran jauntily about pursuing some sort curlew, the marbled godwit, the upland or field plover and the kildeer nested; but this The saying that what is meat to one may group of three—the avocet, willet and Wil be poison to another is well exemplified in son's phalarope-form a distinct unity, the avocet. For our part, we have to exer- shore-birds which nest beside the grassy cise great care in that western country to pools in this southern section of the north avoid drinking alkaline water, whereas the west shore-bird paradise. avocet dislikes the insipid stuff which we I propose that we pitch our tent among extol as pure. Seemingly it is as objection- these open lakelets in a well-watered region able to him as food without salt is to us. in western Assiniboia, tether out the horses, Hence we have to travel well west toward and enjoy these quaint shore-birds. Where the Bad Lands of Dakota before we find we see one, we shall probably find the three, the water sufficiently seasoned to suit our and discover that, though they mingle on dainty epicure and to induce him to remain good terms in their bird society, each has a for the summer. Even the most unsavory distinct and pronounced individuality. mud hole, which is too bad for most of the As we approach the lake which we have other birds, is not without attraction for selected for our camping ground, we shall that craver of strong condiments. be wise to exercise more circumspection Practically every lake and pool in the than our shore-birds find necessary, or we region where we stayed in western Assini- may meet with unpleasantness, such as I boia had its breeding colony of avocets experienced when new to that country. running and vociferating along its muddy We were driving over the prairie toward a shores. These colonies are not great bird lake, having no eyes for anything save the cities, but villages and hamlets, making up avocets on the shore and three pairs of in number what they lack in size. They wild geese out in the water, which seemed average from three or four to a dozen or solicitous over our intrusion. It was an fifteen pairs, though occasionally they run alkaline country, and the ground, which up to several dozens. The first such group looked firm and dry with a crust of the salts, which we found comprised about fifteen proved to be far otherwise. Suddenly the families, and was situated along the shore horse broke through this crust, and, after a of a muddy bay of a large lake. It was the short struggle, fell down and lay still, com last week in May, and, as we approached pletely mired, the wagon also sinking in up this shallow arm of the lake, with its to the hubs. We had an unpleasant time of whitened margin, we could see the distin- it before we got out. But, with the exercise guished avocets wading about. Near them of due care, we may make camp on a dry were a large company of black-bellied plov- spot on the breezy prairie beside the lake, ers and sanderlings, with some willets and and learn more about shore-birds and water- godwits and a few phalaropes. The mi- fowl from first-hand observation than is gratory plovers, as usual, were decidedly The phalarope is a quiet, beautiful little bird, with no immodest outcries. separated by the typical barbed-wire fence. them out of the water. Out in the mid- On one side were a number of ferocious dle the waders sprang aleak, and a sharp looking black bulls, and on the other a herd buckle pulled out and fell down inside under of cows and calves. No sooner did I ap one foot, causing agony at every step. The pear than the dozen or so pairs of avocets straps almost choked me, but there was no which dwelt around the pools hastened to relief but to reach the island as quickly as meet me, making more din than one would possible, or sacrifice the precious cameras. believe possible from so few birds. The Being alone, there was danger of being young were evidently all hatched, and I did drowned, but I struggled slowly on through not see one of the little skulkers. Between the reeds, and was glad enough when, gasp- the roaring of the bulls, the lowing of the ing, I stumbled ashore and threw down the other cattle, and the screaming of the avo pack. Immediately a crowd of avocets set cets, assisted by a couple of pairs of willets, up a shrieking, ducks fluttered off their it was hardly a place for quiet meditation nests, and there was general pandemonium upon the wonders of nature. Nor was the among the various water-birds feeding in attitude of Taurus toward strangers con or by the pools. Here was many a day's ducive to prolonged stay. work cut out for me right in this one lo- The best avocet ground which I happened cality. upon in Assiniboia was an island in a large Before me was a series of alkaline lake- lake, separated from the mainland by about lets nestling in the depressions of the a third of a mile of morass, with water from grassy island, and it took but a few mo- waist to breast deep. It appeared from ments to find nest after nest of the avocets. shore to be a likely place, and get to it I In this case there were no flats extending would, though there was no boat. So I back from the shores, only narrow margins tethered the horse out to graze, donned backed by sloping banks covered with the high rubber wading pants, and started thick prairie grass, so that all the nests were across with some fifty pounds of cameras, close to the water's edge, and had been plates and various necessities strapped built up a couple of inches to keep the eggs high and tight around my neck, to keep from being overflowed in rain storms. It 675 676 The Outing Magazine was the middle of June, and unfortunately the eggs had all hatched, save for a few which had spoiled and had remained in the nests. The young, as usual, were secure- ly hidden in the grass, save in one nest which afforded a most interesting specta- cle. There was an unhatched egg; by it was an empty egg-shell, out of which the wet, slimy little avocet had just crawled; an- other youngster, all dried off, was still in the nest and looked very pretty; just outside was the eldest of the family, already mak- ing off to the conventional hiding place in the grass. As I examined and photo- graphed them, the anxious parents were outdoing themselves in the perfectly war- rantable display of their strong emotions. They had chosen their nesting site in a very interesting and populous center, for, be- sides other avocets' nests, there were within a few rods a nest and eggs each of the mal- lard, pintail, gadwall and blue-winged teal. The mallard's nest was only a few feet away, back in the grass, but evidently there was no discord between these somewhat dissimilar bird neighbors. This island with its ponds proved to be a fine place also for a study of the avo- cet's congenors, the willet and the Wil- son's phalarope. The willet, well known to sportsmen, is a grayish bird, a little smaller than the avocet, and likewise long of bill and legs, but more widely distributed over the United States. It breeds also in the far south, and I have found them nesting in colonies on sandy islands off the southern coasts of the United States. And here, away up in the Canadian Northwest, was the old familiar, inquisitive, vociferous ac- quaintance, the very same, though its plumage is a mere shade lighter, and scien- tists call it the western willet. The nest is built in some tussock of thick grass, and it is next to impossible to find it, unless one happens to surprise the female on the nest. Often, though, by his scream- ing, the male warns her off, and then one may as well abandon the search. But if one finds the nest and returns to it some other time opportunely before the alarm is given, the female will sit very close and allow one almost to touch her before she flutters out. In the nesting season, when the young are not very near and in no immediate dan- ger, the willet becomes almost companion- able. To be sure he is spying on us, but he is not by any means “impossible,” since he abates his angry dashes at one's head and to some extent his scream about “pill- willy-willet,” and simply follows the in- truder to make sure that he behaves him- self. Wherever we go, unless it be too far back on the dry prairie, it is likely that a willet will comprise part of the scenery, trotting along through the grass or on the shore of the pool, making a pretense at feed- ing, but always keeping his weather-eye open. But if, at length, we unwittingly come too near the place where the young are in hiding, there is sure to be renewed trouble. Both the willets will be every- where, dashing at us, scurrying about in the grass, or alighting on the nearest bush, withal never forgetting to vociferate. How- ever, in spite of all the abuse which the willets have lavished upon me, I am free to confess that I love them still, the saucy, impudent things! Very different in temperament is the small but interesting Wilson's phalarope, a bird about as large as a medium-sized sand- piper. It is very common in nearly all parts of the northwestern prairies wherever there are grassy pools or sloughs. It is a quiet, beautiful little bird, with no im- modest outcries, feeding prettily along the moist margins of the sloughs, and not dis- tressing itself over our presence. From nearly every standpoint this phalarope- like all the other species of its class-is an anomaly among the birds. Apparently a land bird, it has partially webbed or scalloped feet and is a good and graceful swimmer. The female is the larger and handsomer of the pair; she does the court- ing, and he most of the subsequent incu- bation and nursery work. He is duly meek and obedient, as becomes the hus- band of an Amazon; for so worthy and strenuous a young female as she will not tolerate a buck hanging around idle when there is plenty of useful work to be done. For her part, to lay eggs so big that the chicks are clothed and able to run at birth is all that should reasonably be expected of her. Their marital relations are otherwise scandalous, from our point of view. Two or three idle, vainglorious females are often seen devoting themselves to one little male at the height of the nesting season, and no one seems to be sure whether or not he is Some Lake-Side Waders of the Northwest 677 the husband of any one or all of them. chicks I had ever laid eyes upon, with long Anyhow they are all head over ears in love legs and a striped black and reddish downy with him. One such group of four followed plumage, squatting in a heap in the grass. me around one afternoon, as though anx While I photographed them the stricken ious about their nest in the grass. They father circled twittering around me quite alighted in a pool to swim about, and I se near by, giving me some good chances at cured a snapshot of them. him, too, with the camera. His wife, with We will keep walking about through the less evident concern, took matters more grass just back from the shore of the slough, calmly from a greater distance, though she and it is nearly inevitable that eventually was by no means unmoved, and occasion- a small bird will go fluttering out almost ally even ventured to join him. from our feet, and there is the grassy nest The phalarope is a perfect little gem in skillfully concealed in the tussock, with its beauty of plumage and grace of motion. four very heavily marked pointed eggs, Indeed there is something most attractive with so many scrawls on them that they and appealing about the whole class of are almost black. The grass can be opened shore-birds, which so beautify both our up, the camera left focused upon the nest, marine and inland shores. Unfortunately and a long thread connected with the they are becoming more and more scarce. shutter, and it will probably not be long The smaller kinds should never be classed before the solicitous and dutiful little hus as game birds, to be killed and eaten, any band will resume his brooding, and we can more than should warblers or thrushes, take his picture. while those which are larger and more fit for One of the prettiest sights I have wit food require more stringent protection and nessed in bird life was when a male phala- forbearance on the part of all true sports- rope fluttered up before me and disclosed men, to give them the chance which they four of the most singular-looking little so much need to recuperate their numbers. Sodwit and avocet take breakfast together at the slough. A DAY WITH A DEVONSHIRE FARMER BY ARTHUR GOODRICH PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR AND OTHERS I ' T is half-past five in the morning when dred years fought rougher land over on I start up out of the luxurious, en the edge of Dartmoor, a few miles away. folding feather bed at the rat-tat-tat Some success with breeding ponies, how- of Sally's knuckles on the door. Her foot ever, brought him money enough to rent steps echo down the oil-clothed floor of the three hundred odd acres of Hillscott the landing, and from somewhere beneath from the man who owns most of the land the sun-patched blind I can hear Farmer for miles around, who builds the stout gray, Hodge's voice giving laconic orders. And stone slate-roofed houses and stables and with mingled reluctance and pride at such puts his crest over the front door, and who early rising, 1 slip out upon the soft sheep has the giving of the "living" (the appoint- skins that litter the cold floor. ment of the preacher) at the church in the Rat-a-tat-tat. Here is Sally again with nearest town, three miles away. Hodges, my hot water. A most extraordinary girl of course, pays all the local taxes—and is Sally. She is only twenty, but her they are many—while the landlord pays father and mother, Somerset people, have the church tax and the state tax and the both been dead for some time and Sally is income tax and insures the property. And “workin' out.” She admits being very Hodges pays from three dollars to twenty- fond of all the arts. Her “favorite” songs five dollars an acre for the land, about two- are “The Holy City” and “My Daddy Is thirds of which grows crops, while the rest a Gentleman.' She is not certain which is orchard and pasture land. The farm- she likes the better, but she prefers them hands, half a dozen in number, live in both to “The Lost Chord.” As for books solid little cottages on the road below with she abominates dull reading, but she loves their own potato patch at their back door. great masterpieces like “Lady Audley's Hodges pays them about four dollars a Secret.” She has a secret passion for the week and furnishes them fuel and cider. “dramer," but she says she cried so hard Much of this Hodges tells me in inter- when she saw “The Worst Woman in mittent jerks of volubility while he and London” at Plymouth that she fairly Jeemes, the boy, milk the ten or a dozen dreads going again. Sally has been up to cows in the sheds, and feed and water the London once, and she has a startling imi stock, and turn out the sheep and cows and tation Park Lane accent not unlike that calves into pasture in broad fields beyond which patriotic Americans occasionally the sheds or in broader fields far down the smuggle through the New York custom road. He is by nature a silent man bred house. Sally receives five dollars a month in the silences of the moor, but his pride in wages and works hard, although she is stirs his tongue now and then over his new conscious of being above her position. American machinery and the yield of his Farmer Hodges has only had the tenancy broad acres, over which he toils from dawn of Hillscott Farm for some dozen years till dark in spite of his seventy-five years. “come Michaelmas”—the beginning and This is his world and he never has been out end of yearly rentings. Before that he and of it even as far as Exeter or Plymouth. his fathers before him for some four hun He is proud of his cows, South Devons, and 678 In good old Devonshire. The ducks pose for their photographs in the farmer's back yard, Photograph by Bowden Bros. - - At the close of the day's work. A Day with a Devonshire Farmer 681 his bulls which are grazing on the moor steadily forward with a machine-like swing. now at five shillings ($1.25) a head. He is Sitting on the wall I can see the sloping proud of his pigs, large blacks all of them, expanse of Hillscott, long stretches of tended by one of Hodges' many grandsons, gleaming stubble left from the crops of young Roger. He struts along behind his wheat and oats, rich brown spaces patched sheep while Shep and Shot drive them with the green of mangel and potatoes and through the gateway, watching my face garden truck. Below, the gray house and eagerly out of the corner of his eye, and outbuildings show their rigid edges among he points out for me—a most unusual thing sheltering evergreens, while the hill sides at for silent Hodges to do—the little group of right and left are spotted with sheep and lambs he is fattening. About horses he cattle. And beyond, under peaceful skies has little to say, for like most of the farmers is the long sweep of valley divided into in this part of Devonshire, he has merely light green fields by dark green hedges and a number sufficient to do his work. And by dry walls, their ugly gray covered with so we tramp back toward the house and moss and hedge growth. Here and there, breakfast. I know, are old-time thatch-roofed cot- The men have already appeared when tages with flowers at every window, but breakfast is finished, and have brought with they are hidden in copses. Here and there, them a load of dry stalks for the base of the I know, men are working and flocks are ricks that are to be built in the fields. Up moving. But from my wall it is a motion- the narrow path we go past the orchard less sea of green. where the piles of apples already lie rotting, Hodges, packing away at the rick over Butter Boxes and Sour Herefords and at my left, his dry, stolid face grimy above Kingston Bitters. Soon they will be taken his shapeless corduroys, has had little to the pound house, where they will be schooling, less than young Roger, who will crushed on the press between hair cloths, go through the fifth standard before he and the juice carried into the cellar. After begins farming in earnest. He reads the a few days when fermentation has begun papers only once a week and many of the it will be drawn off in casks prepared with large words bother him. But he knows burning sulphur, that fermentation may the land and the skies. No ground is be retarded and the saccharine retained, wasted in Hillscott. That innocent mead- and then, after two or three “rackings” or ow at the foot of the slope, near the brook changes, the casks will be “bunged” and that twinkles under the ferns, is being let lie for three months. Some years eaten down gradually. Late in October Devonshire cider brings Hodges as much Hodges will chain-harrow it and roll it and as twelve dollars and fifty cents a cask of open the surface gutters. When the young sixty-three gallons and some years as little shoots start he will turn on a well-regulated as two dollars, but whatever the surplus supply of water. By early February there supply yields, Hodges himself must have will be a few inches of good grass for mid- enough, for each member of the family winter grazing. When April comes the drinks more cider than the average London meadow will be laid up for hay; in June woman drinks tea. this hay will be cut, and the aftermath will The beds for three corn ricks are soon last till another October. The fine thick laid at the edge of the sloping field beyond, hedge that surrounds the meadow means and the structures begin to rise, yellow and work also and has a value beyond mere shining in the morning sun. The boy beauty. Hodges operates on it every half whistles merrily as he drives back and dozen years, cuts off most of the top growth forth the carts, laden with sheaves which leaving only the “steepers." Then he have been lying where the fine new self throws up the earth from each hedge row, binder left them yesterday, or rattling lays down the “steeper," throws up more back empty for a new load. Hodges him earth and leaves the top of the fence level. self directs the work, packing vigorously at He binds up the growth into faggots which the side while younger hands throw and young Roger carries toilsomely into the lay the sheaves. Beyond the wall in the kitchen to burn in the great hearth. next field the others, three in number, are But here is young Roger now, trudging mowing the barley, broad backs moving along with a basket on his arm. It is ten Hodges and his "gobblers." o'clock and lunch time. Hodges has five yeard tell 'ow the maids baint very butivul meals a day, or, as he puts it, “us eats 's in Ameriky." often 's us gets hungry.” The men group Billy is as talkative as Hodges is silent, behind the rising rick and eat their hunks and when we have agreed to disagree on of bread and cheese and drink their cider. the subject of his opening remark a rather Across the path old Billy Shrimpton is one-sided conversation follows. It starts twisting on his spindle the thatch for two with my suggesting my surprise at Hodges' completed ricks. He, too, stops for lunch. age. Billy is a thatcher hy trade, but his real “I be in m'aigh-t-th year, zur," says business in life, the one he is proud of, is to Billy proudly. follow the hounds on foot in a dingy red In spite of the gray fringe of whiskers, coat. this is startling when one looks at his “Coomed auver yer vor a gaerl, p’raps,” straight back and his comparatively says old Billy, offering me some cider. "I smooth brown skin. In the stone-floored farmyard. 682 684 The Outing Magazine if I could zee 'er. I went right back tu a room wi' the door shut, an' there 'er wass, zur, a zittin' 'n thicky stranger's lap wi' 'er arms about 'is naick. "Ello,' 'er zed, frighten'd like, bouncin' doon aff 'is lap. "Baint expectin' yu.'" “ 'Ello, yerzel,' zed 1. 'No, I knaw yu baint. Who be thicky gurt rid-aided gawk?" "Aw, jis 'n acquaintance,''er zed, face o'n so raid's a turkey cock. “Acquaintance,' zed I. 'Purty ac- quaintance. Didn’ put yer arms about my naick when I was acquaintance.' “Jis then, the stranger 'e declared 'iszel. "'Er'n l's goin' to git married,''e zed. Him was purty wull tinn'd up wi' gin-an’- watter, tu dimpsy to zay more. “Married,'zed I. Wull, I tell’ee, I baint.' An old-time Devonshire farm. Wull, there be a wuman auver Chudleigh way 'at I thort a dacint, clean wuman an’ 's 'ad vore 'un'er' poun', 1 yeard. T courted 'er proper vor vore months. 'Er was yung, bein' only sixty, but I thort I could larn 'er what 'er didn'knaw. Wull, wan, time I comeʼd away fum 'er, tellin' 'er | wadn'ubble t'zee 'er again vor dree weeks. Then wan day 1 yeard 't 'er was 'avin' zummin to zay to a stranger 'at was stappin' 'n Chudleigh. Zo I went auver, come second week, when 'er wadn’ lukin' ’Er wadn’ at 'er 'ouse, zo I went auver to the pub. 'Er wadn’ where the bar be but I knawed 'er was there, same's vor me. A call on the cider harrel. “An' then I oppened door an' com’d away, arter puttin' down dree 'appence vor a drink. “Wull, 'er married wi' un. 'E was arter the vor un'er' poun', an' 'e was a young fule-'e baint vivty, zur. ’Er didn' 'a' vore poun' wi’out the 'un'er, an' a vort- night ago 'e went away an' 'er baint yeard o'un since." I can hear Billy's chuckles from far down the path after I have left him to the spindle and the crackling, winding thatch. Mrs. Hodges, stout, bustling and mother- ly is busy with the dairy. Every Wednes- day she goes to Newton Abbot market with her stores, and Newton Abbot is as far as she has ventured into the outer world. Farmer Hodges. 1 TL "The Old Folks at Home." Photograph by Edith Steele Perkins. A Day with a Devonshire Farmer 687 scrupulously clean and sweet conditions es Mary, who has been in the Grumbles' ser- sential to the old-fashioned“ tub-and-hand” vice for half a century, feeds in the stone- method of butter making, which still persists floored back yard, the sheep are the source throughout the greater part of the county. of the largest amount of Grumble pride and On market day in the nearest town three profit. Devonshire beef, he finds, has miles away, the narrow streets, edged by little chance against American and Argen- plain two-story structures faced with a tine and Australian beef. And the Devon- yellowish-white composition of stone and shire farmer has a large wall of expense to cement, are filled with cattle and with the scale before he is in the field of profits. usual open-air stalls. In the “Brindle Rents are comparatively high; taxes and Cow," the local hostelry, are gathered at rates, a long list-including such headings, dinner a score or more of local worthies and of course, as highways, education, lighting farmers from round-about gossiping of com and police-add to the burden; labor and ing auctions and after the grog, which machinery and first costs begin the farmer's is always part of the two-shilling dinner year; there are auctioneers, the regularly ---of local personalities and small talk and constituted middleman between farmer and the little scandals that agitate the minds market, to exact the four pence (eight of these thrifty and honest people. The cents) in the pound when market day company is presided over by the popular comes, and in free competition against him auctioneer, who is many other things as are the farmers of the world. But the well, and who punctuates the remarks of Grumbles prosper, and Hodges, with his his associates with a genial "Well done,” hard-working frugal life, has money in the or “No doubt.” And they, in the flush bank. of uttering unusually long sentences, rejoice It is a long “step up" to Hillscott, and in his approval. Near him is one Timothy by the time I reach the fields the men are Grumble, a boyish, kindly man of seventy, snatching a hurried “tea.” Clouds are with friendly eyes and a gray beard. The racing across the sky and Hodges says the Grumbles have occupied their farm on the rain is coming rapidly. There are still road to Hillscott for three or four centuries. long lines of sheaves to be gathered and It was leased many generations ago by a made snug before the downpour comes. Grumble, the lease running, according to Shep, who has been refused a place at his the old system, for a certain number of master's feet, is wandering disconsolately “lives." Timothy Grumble's father's life up and down the wall. Suddenly he makes was the last one of the number, and when a wild leap and half disappears in the hedge, he died the four hundred acres, which only to reappear with a smooth, gray, many Grumbles had toiled over and im wriggling prize in his mouth. Hodges is proved, were sold. The man who owns up instantly; the rabbit is put out of his Hillscott bought them and immediately agony and then into Hodges' spacious rented them to the remaining Grumbles, pocket. Shep, who is something of a gen- an evidence of the tact and judgment and eral, seems to have created this diversion good feeling of most of the Devon land for a purpose, for while Hodges talks of lords. The last Grumble of the old lease rabbits, the wise dog chooses a portion of had a family of nine children, of whom six Hodges' food and retires unnoticed to a are still alive, all of them installed in the far end of the field. old place, three old bachelors and three old Hodges, in common with neighboring maids, the youngest being sixty-three, sur farmers, wages an endless war against rounded by their well-tilled land and flocks rabbits and is always beaten. From al- and herds, their gardens and orchards and most any path you can see dozens, fifties flowers. Their house is a haven of peace and hundreds of the plundering little and kindliness. beasts bouncing along, and their ranks, In spite of their bountiful crops, old thinned by an afternoon's shooting, are Timothy tells me as we journey homeward full once more the following morning. in the mid afternoon, in spite of the good- Every wall shelters their holes, and every sized dairy, and the market gardens, and field is a scene of their marauding expedi- the prize potatoes of the upland field, and tions. the ducks and chickens that deaf and dumb The men return to their work with re- 688 The Outing Magazine newed energy. From down in the valley white driftwood on a dusky sea — and echoes the huntsman's horn, and now the joins the boy Jeemes for the night's milk- chase leaps into view, glints of bobbing red ing. ing. And now, as if they had been waiting against the green. Billy Shrimpton, who for him to get under cover, the skies open is working on the new ricks now, is re and the deluge begins. minded of the famous ride of one Captain Dinner is cooking over the faggot fire Cummin of the —th Hussars. The chase in the great hearth of the clean-swept began, Billy says, at the left of the far kitchen, and soon it is served on the long away ridge that borders the horizon. Up table. When the meal is over, pipes ap- hill and down dale it went, until one after pear and we sit before the warm embers, another the hunting party fell by the way. for the rain has brought a chill with it. Captain Cummin rode in the van from the "Weather's brekin' up," says Hodges. start. He lost the Master and he lost the “The zummer's nearly auver.” Whip, and when at last, after twenty-four There follow slow, maundering tales of miles of hard going, he brought away the horse thieves on the moor; of the blinding brush, he was alone with a few exhausted moor mists in which Hodges was once lost hounds. That ride is famous in Devon for two days and nights; of a mysterious shire, and after some particularly fine hunt wandering dog that killed sheep from every people will say it reminds them of Captain fold in the neighborhood, that seemed to Cummin of the —th Hussars and his ride leave no tracks, and that was killed one day on “Black Bess.” after a bloody fight with Shep, a fight con- The sky grows black. Carts clatter cerning which Hodges knew nothing until recklessly over the stubble. The steady Shep limped home, bitten and blood-stained swing of the fork has been forgotten and and victorious. has given way to frantic haste. Sweat When nine o'clock strikes Hodges asks for stands out on Hodges' wrinkled face as he his candle and stumps off to bed. Sally is rushes to and fro, giving a hand here, locking up, and from the other room I can ordering there, watching the relentless sky hear the refrain of one of her favorite songs: grow darker and darker. At last the first "My daddy's a gentleman. He's dressed fine. warning drops patter on Billy Shrimpton's My daddy don't go to work at half-past thatch, the last loads come rattling up and nine.' are covered, and the men come in through And soon the silence is broken only by the dripping dusk, gladdened with the the steady rush of the rain and the hum of brisk fight against time and weather. the wind in the evergreens. One day out “'Tis the last o't, 's the cobblers zay,” of the year has gone, but the others will be remarks Hodges, and he strides away to as full of work. And probably this is one ward the lower fields. There, with Shep reason why Hodges is seventy-five and and Shot, he rounds up the sheep-bobbing still young Shep brings in the sheep. QUEEN TITANIA AND PRINCE CHARMING OF ASBURY PARK BY CHARLES BELMONT DAVIS I " us. T is a pretty far cry from New Orleans, to fairyland. Till then your Queen sends you Louisiana, to Asbury Park, New Jer- greetings and best wishes.” sey, and the two towns are just about as distant in their social permanency and Between the Crowning of the Queen and inclination as in their geographical situa the Carnival de Venice there is a Court tion. But in their love for carnivals they Ball-“flowers, palms, good music and the are not divided. New Orleans is largely entire assemblage in full evening costume” French, generally hot and always redolent -a Street Carnival and a Masked Ball, a with pungent odors, full of picturesque Fireman's Parade and the most important semi-decayed brick and wooden buildings, event of all—the Baby Parade. and rich in those restaurants where the It seemed to me that of all these func- garlic is not spared and the wine runs heavy tions the Carnival should be at its very best and red. Asbury Park, New Jersey, dif about the time of the Baby Parade and the fers from the other summer resorts of the Street Carnival and Masked Ball— "the great Bath-house State only in that it is a day when the fun king reigns, the day when trifle larger than its rivals. This town of the city will be en masque and the people hotels and boarding-houses and this com will disport themselves most merrily.” At munity of vacationists end the season in a least that is what the program promised carnival which is unquestionably found When I left New York the sky was ed on the annual affair which has made dark with heavy clouds and the air was New Orleans famous. hot and lifeless. But by the time the train The carnival begins on a Monday night pulled into Asbury Park there were a few with the crowning of the Queen, and, patches of blue in the sky, and a damp as the official program says, “is in accord breeze—so damp as to be almost a drizzle with the best practice of imperial courts.” blew in from the gray ocean. Surely car- The festivities close on Friday with a “Car nivals and country weddings are too de- nival de Venice on Deal Lake, and to pendent on fickle skies! further quote from the program, which The actual scene of the fête extended is for sale at all hotels for one dime, and in along the beach between two pavilions- this instance from the very words of Queen the Casino and the Arcade-which are con- Titania herself: nected by a very broad board-walk about a quarter of a mile in length. It was on “The tricksy pomp of fairy pride fades with this board-walk and at the two pavilions the dying day, and the genius of man shines bright as the electrics which he flings to the that fun was supposed to run riot before breeze to rival the stars. Music will make glad and after the maskers had been reviewed the ear, and hidden genii will bombard the heav by the Queen. This official procession and ens to ravish the eye. Upon a pearly throne in review took place on Ocean Avenue, which a purple musselshell will be the floating court of Titania. Sweet as the virgin kiss of maiden is a broad roadway running parallel to love, the gentlest winds of Heaven shall blow the board-walk and about a hundred feet on land-locked lake and surging free-born sea farther inland. That part of Ocean Ave- till the star-jeweled night is far spent. Then nue which was to be devoted to the pro- ere Aurora rolls forth her chariot of light, and the eyes of mortals begin to part their fringes of cession was strung with electric lights, gold, Oberon shall summon his consort back placed at most unneighborly distances to . 689 Photograph by Brown Bros. + "When the fun king reigns and the people disport themselves most merrily." Photograph by Edwin Levick. "She came in a golden shell, dressed in her regal robes. Queen Titania and Prince Charming of Asbury Park 693 each other and flickering but dimly under sweet?” The latter remark was evidently the clouded skies. The electric globes intended for the Queen's official escort, who were a little more prevalent about the must annually stagger under the name of Court of Honor and the display of Ameri Prince Charming. The Queen and Prince can flags was most generous, but on the Charming, having alighted from the auto- whole the decoration was of that kind mobile, slowly ascended the throne steps. which looks bedraggled by day but the The Prince appeared a little nervous, but committee hopes will be all right at night. the Queen bowed gracefully and often to The Queen's reviewing stand consisted of a few enthusiasts who sat in the grand- a fairly large platform, painted white, and stand and applauded wildly. surmounted by a semicircle of white pil "Wow," said my white-coated neighbor, lars. It was easily evident that the gen “the Queen's got cousins in the grand- eral effect was intended to be Greek. This stand.” stand was flanked by two others, white, Indeed, there seemed to exist a strong too, but more modest in their architectural disposition on the part of her subjects to scheme. They were to be given over to belittle the true worth of their Queen. To distinguished guests and representatives me she looked a very nice sort of person, of the press. Across the road from the with a handsome rather than a pretty face, royal stands there was a temporary grand a good figure and a presence quite as gra- stand, to which the public was admitted cious as those of some of the regular queens for a modest fee. I have seen on the other side of the water. At last from a distance we could hear the Her hair was heavily “Marceled,” and it faint strains of music, and we saw a great did not appear to me that she was over- crowd of people hurrying on to the Court dressed for the part. She wore a white, of Honor. The grand-stand began to fill filmy dress, much decorated with gold up, and out of the darkness there rose up braid, and a long silk mantle with ermine hundreds and hundreds of girls in covert trimming. Her jewels seemed to consist of coats who banked themselves in many a pearl necklace--real or unreal I really rows behind the fence which surrounded don't know, but concerning the baubles in the Court of Honor. I found a good stand her crown and scepter, there could be no ing place just back of the throne, where I doubt whatever. They were of the quality was joined by two ladies in full white duck and size usually lying about in the fairy who, a little more daring than their sisters, grotto of a Christmas pantomime. The had jumped the fence in their desire to get royal head-piece was lined with mustard- a close view of Queen Titania. Through colored canton flannel, which seemed to me the crowd there appeared a young man a mistake at the time. This may be hyper- dressed in a Louis XVI costume, with a critical, but all the professional crowns I cornet held firmly in both hands. He as had previously met favored some shade of cended the steps leading to the throne and red, and the mustard-colored novelty was blew several fearful blasts, whereat there a slight shock. was a sudden parting in the mob at the end On the left of the Queen stood Prince of the Court of Honor, and a station wagon Charmirig, officially known as “the con- drawn by two horses and a linen-covered sort,” but always referred to by my gum- automobile appeared. It was quite evi- chewing, white-coated fellow onlookers as dent that the royal party had arrived. “the guy with the plumes” or “the hick The station wagon contained three young with the boy's pants." He wore a gray men in dinner coats and the ten ladies-in silk suit of the period of Louis XIV and a waiting. The young men hurriedly ar mantle whereon royalty was stamped by a ranged the chairs strewn about the stand, narrow band of ermine. His hat was large and then ran down the steps to help the and spreading and as full of plumes as a Queen out of the automobile with the linen California ostrich farm; the trousers were a trifle short, but the knee joints were cov- “Gee, Allie,” said the white-coated girl ered by a long silver fringe, which extended who stood next to me, “but that's a shine well down over gray silk stockings. A pair rig for a queen. And for Heaven's sake, of modern patent leather shoes and gray pipe the guy with the plumes. Ain't he kid gloves completed the outfit. His hair cover. 694 The Outing Magazine out of his eye or point out one of his friends to the Queen, up would shoot the sleeves and show a great stretch of bare arm between the cuff and the kid glove which was filled to the bursting point. From my point of view, the Queen and Prince were certainly an ill-mated pair. Nothing he said seemed to please her-in fact, her indifference, not to say absolute frigidity, was most marked, and I think he felt it. The Prince did the only thing pos- sible and assumed an air and pose of ab- solute authority with his Queen. He put his arm about her chair and leaned heavily on the arm of the throne. It took the royal party some time to get satisfactorily settled. Indeed, the merry crowd of maskers, preceded by a stirring brass band, was almost upon them before they had properly greeted their subjects. It was just about this time that we at the Court of Honor discovered who was the real hero of the fête. Queen Titania and Prince Charming were lost in the wave of applause that greeted the real Rex of the Carnival. He was a young man with light hair and he was dressed in a dark blue suit with black braid and he wore very white kid gloves, and his name, which was “Arthur," was shouted aloud by many thousands of throats until the word echoed back and forth between the sand dunes and “In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree." had evidently been cut for the occasion, and the rear design had all the grace and severity of a formal English garden. The whole trouble was unquestionably due to the kid gloves. They were so tight that the fingers of the Prince had the rigidity of those on the plaster model of a palmist, and again, they were so short that several inches of bare wrist showed between the gloves and the sleeves of the tunic. It was too bad, for it really seemed to add greatly to the Prince's con- sciousness. He con- stantly tried to pull down his mantle so that there might be a little more of the gray trousers con- cealed, and then every time he raised his hand to pull a plume Baby becomes nurse-maid. Queen Titania and Prince Charming of Asbury Park 695 went booming over the roughened waters of the Atlantic. And this was just as it should have been, for “Arthur” was the leader of the band. Until the moment of his approach the crowd had remained with stoical indif- ference behind the barriers which sepa- rated it from the Avenue devoted to the maskers; but as the band swung into the Court of Honor, complete pandemonium, as well as all the fence rails in sight, broke loose, and a great wave of thousands of dark figures seemed to have suddenly bro- ken on the beach and poured itself into the maskers' highway and the Court of Honor. The crowd forced itself into the ranks of the marching maskers and the procession was suddenly turned into an uncontrolled mass of black coats, white shirtwaists, Indians, Chinese, cow-boys, clowns, rough-riders, Geisha girls, gypsies, sailor-men and imitation natives in the costumes of every known land and of every color under the sun. For a moment I think the Queen became just a little ter- rified at this human kaleidoscope that whirled before her, but the Prince stuck closer than ever to the arm of the throne "Only a little pink undershirt and called itself Cupid." and tried to console his consort by con- demning the management in resounding Foolish clowns and Spanish girls tried to words, and occasionally howling a greeting dance before her and were upset for their to one of his friends in the mass that surged trouble; two geishas sat at her feet on at her feet. the lower steps of the throne, until they were ignominiously hustled off by the three managers in the dress suits; an old lady with white hair and a widow's bon- net was led in front of her bowing gracious- ly, and a nursery maid hustled a small child through the crowd that she might have a close look at a real Asbury Queen. While the clowns and the Indians and the Spaniards were still dancing at the feet of their Queen, how- ever, the automobile suddenly pushed it- self through the black The baby-carriage is transformed into an "auto.” mass of loyal subjects Queen Titania and Prince Charming of Asbury Park 697 and as quickly disappeared, carrying away dozen small children were romping on the Titania and Prince Charming under its floor, and as many more were rolling down linen cover. the steps of the Queen's stand. A gentle- This function having been disposed of, man in white duck trousers, a black sweater the crowd betook itself to the board-walk and a yachting cap, with a cigar in his and to the dances which are given at the mouth and an umbrella under his arm, Arcade, the Casino and all of the larger stood in the center of the room looking hotels. According to the official program gloomily up at the half-filled galleries and given out by the Queen herself, this is the wholly deserted band-stand. It is what really should have happened: possible that another of those official prom- ises of Titania might have occurred to him Let the witch fires glow upon the sands, for as forcibly as it did to me: ere the firefly's spark begins to glimmer and glow upon the amorous bosom of Night, a parade of “A reception to the new Ruler of this Realm fire-fighters in the National Playground of As of Revelry. While mortals dance and the ama- bury Park will have come and gone. When the tory fires of man and maiden are enkindled, new moon hangs its crescent in the darkening fairies shall hang upon the horizon's rim and sky, a golden horn of plenty, Puck, thou elfin slide down the moon's lengthened ray till the sprite, shall combine forces with my court jester. sentry songster shall pipe: Midnight and all's Banish care from the land, wing comfort into well.' the bruised heart and enkindle the fire of hope in the despairing breast. This night we make In a short time, however, the Arcade merry with clown and harlequin, so trouble me brightened up considerably. A pair of with no cares of state. To-night all good charms shall be potent, and the spells of unamiable amateur Dutch comedians and a very mild witches shall not prevail. Order guardians of imitation of a “Midway” dancer came in the peace to wink at all levity. Let every heel and partially succeeded in amusing the be as light as a champagne cork and let all ribs crowd in the gallery and were wholly suc- be tickled by the spirit of revelry. Chide not the wanton breeze, for this night the face of Nature cessful in clearing the floor of the lolling as well as of man shall ripple with laughter.” children. New guests gradually arrived, and by nine o'clock there was a good- I really do not know how amorous was ly sprinkling of cow-punchers, greasers, the bosom of night, but I know that the George Washingtons, Indians. Theodore night as a whole was cold and damp, and Roosevelts, Pantaloons, Red Cross nurses, if complete absence was tantamount to rough-riders, dudes, geishas, fencing girls, winking at all levity, then the guardians hoboes, milk-maids, and many, many of the peace understood their orders well, princes of the time of Louis XIV. for I did not see one of them during my At nine o'clock “Arthur” waved his entire stay at Asbury Park. baton, the band reluctantly laid aside their The Arcade, where I was assured I would cigars and cigarettes and the first waltz. find the Carnival at its height, is a large, It was not much of a waltz, be- bare dancing hall, the far end of which is cause the floor had become rather crowded built out over the ocean. The pavilion and many of those who had come to look consists of one circular room with a deep on constantly pushed their way through balcony running around the greater part the mass of dancing couples. Many car- of it, and porches extend from the ground ried umbrellas and more smoked bad cigars. Noor well over the water. “Arthur” and There was a good sale of confetti at five his band occupied a stand in the center of cents a bag, and one man started to dis- the hall, and compared to the electrical tribute colored ribbons of paper, but he display at the Court of Honor, the interior soon had to stop, in order to escape the of the Arcade might have been regarded onslaught of the merry-makers. The wom- as a perfect blaze of light. The only furni en did not seem to care to make individ- ture was a stand of rough wooden boards at ual hits and as a result there were usually one end of the room, which the Queen was four trained nurses or six lady-fencers al- supposed to occupy in case she visited the ways wandering around together. If a man fête. At the moment of my arrival the dared speak to a girl masker who threw scene was painfully reminiscent of a sum confetti in his face, his salutation, however mer hotel ball-room on a Sat ay night, genial and harmless, was regarded as an just before the dancing sets in. Half a insult and the girl flew to her mother or a was on. Queen Titania and Prince Charming of Asbury Park 699 gentleman friend for protection. The flir the Queen and her court and from the same tation, or, as the official program of the point, but the night had wrought many Asbury Park Carnival described it, "the changes. The flags did not hang damp amatory fires of man and maiden,” was and forlorn, but fluttered sharply in the wholly lacking, and as I understand it, breeze, and the Court of Honor was no flirtation, mild or otherwise, is the essence longer dimly lit by lines of pale electric of the true carnival. globes, but was aglow with the orange sun- It was only a very small part of the crowd shine of the summer day. The overcoats that could find breathing space in the Ar- . and wraps and the frayed, musty costumes cade or at the various hotel ball-rooms, and of the night before had been put away, and therefore it overflowed on the board-walk in their place there were thousands of white and literally packed that thoroughfare for dresses and hats of as many colors as the at least a quarter of a mile. It pushed and fairest rainbow ever boasted. Hundreds wriggled itself along the all too narrow and hundreds of little children, dressed in confines of the promenade, blew tin horns, all their summer bravery, fairly swarmed waved flags, twirled rattles, laughed and along the roads leading to the avenue where sang uproariously. It was a dark night, the parade was to take place, and they and the crowd, although of necessity sober, and their nurses and their mothers filled to seemed to lack the friendly spirit of carni- overflowing the grand-stand and the small val time. It must have taken me at least stands of the Court of Honor long before half an hour to be carried as an uncon the fateful hour had arrived. It seemed trolled atom for about one hundred feet as if the children somehow gave a dignity along the board-walk. At my side there to the theater of the fête. was a young woman dressed in a Norfolk The children who were to take part in jacket and men's knickerbockers. She the procession were first gathered together was a rather plump, large lady and her es in a large pavilion just beyond the Queen's cort was a very small person with eye- reviewing stand, and were here given a glasses and short black side-whiskers. I place in one of the nine sections into which don't know whether it was the geniality of the parade was divided. The pavilion the lady's mood or the escort's lack of it, consisted of one very large room, but large but I believe every man that passed by as it was, it was hardly capable of holding gave the lady a more or less slight dig in five hundred babies, most of them in their the ribs. The lady, as a lady naturally own private conveyances and surrounded should, squealed aloud at every dig, and by the nurse, mother and many admiring the small man who was with her at once female relations. started in to fight, which was difficult, as There were girl babies and boy babies- his arms were usually pinned to his sides babies not yet a year old, and almost grown- by the crowd. At the end of the half hour, up babies of quite ten years of age. A few during which I accompanied them for the slept, but many more cried, and for the hundred feet stroll on the board-walk, the most part they seemed thoroughly out of young man had lost his glasses, and his patience with their strange costumes and hat was broken. The girl was still trying their flower-bedecked carriages, and this, bravely to smile the smile of the joyous too, long before the procession had started. carnival, but she was sadly disheveled. The mothers and nurses and relatives stood The next day a fresh breeze blew in from about and put the finishing touches on the sea and cleared the sky and the air, and their charges, and it did not make any dif- sent the confetti and the debris of the night ference whether the child wore only a little previous scurrying through the streets of pink undershirt and called itself “Cupid,” the village and far over the dunes, and left or was the central figure of a very beautiful the sandy avenues clean and glistening and expensive float; the mothers and the white in the morning sun. The very skies nurses and the female relatives beamed which had frowned on and even wept over with pride and received congratulations the merry-making Olympians the night be with the broadest smiles of keen delight. fore, seemed to conspire in favor of the At the appointed hour a cannon boomed babies and their parade. The procession, out from the other end of the town, and this like its predecessor, was to be reviewed by meant that Queen Titania and her suite 700 The Outing Magazine had started for the Court of Honor. She Who Lived in a Shoe,” and “The Sweet came in a golden shell, dressed in her regal Girl Graduate,” and “ Brown-Eyed Susan," robes, and the great banks of people on and a diminutive Roosevelt in a rough- the stands were just as enthusiastic as rider suit, and many, many nurses and they had been the night before and just as clowns, organ-grinders, fairies, an enormous much more enthusiastic at the approach lily and two little tots in a floral canoe. of "Arthur.” Cinderella was there in a And besides these a little girl had a gown simple white dress, and Prince Charming which looked like an apple, and over her wearily resumed his place at Titania's left. head she held a parasol which was made The gray Louis XIV suit looked pretty of the limb of an apple tree and she called much as it had the night before, but the herself “In the Shade of the Old Apple kid gloves had been unable to withstand Tree,” but perhaps the best of all was the the strain and had broken out in many child who rode a large butterfly. Those places. But Titania and Prince Charming who made the butterfly said it was com- and the ladies-in-waiting were given small posed of five thousand pink and white "heed, for they were no sooner seated than paper flowers, and they should know, but in the children marched out of the pavilion and any case the judges thought so well of it down toward the Court of Honor. None of that they gave it the grand prize. them slept now, and the tears were all dried The children bowed and smiled from the long before the parade reached the Queen. carriages to Titania, and Titania bowed The conveyances themselves were prac back, and those who had no carriages tically small floats, and in most instances danced at their nurse's side and blew kisses were built upon a baby carriage as the to the Queen and to the applauding banks foundation. In many cases the carriages of men and women which lined both sides were trimmed to represent a huge flower, of the Avenue. Fifty thousand men and in the center of which the baby head ap women came to see those babies parade, peared; but in some instances the floats and that is more people than any horse- were of a much more ambitious character, race, football game or baseball match can and showed whole kitchens or village forges possibly attract in this country. All of with a number of children dressed as cooks which leads one to believe that the dis- or blacksmiths. A number of the little positions of the people of New Jersey and tots dressed in fancy costumes had no con vicinity are more adapted to running baby veyance, but walked at their nurse's side er parades than in arranging masked balls rode small bicycles, and there were many and fêtes, especially at a prohibition resort more whose carriages were trimmed very and when the fête is officially announced simply but very beautifully with natural as one of the kind to “enkindle the amorous flowers. There was “The Old Woman fires of man and maiden." THE ORIENTALIZING OF BUDGE BY W. A. FRASER DRAWING BY SYDNEY ADAMSON L ARRY BUDGE had the chest corpu And Budge, with the water of envy in lency of a Japanese wrestler; the his soul, looked at the sleek, greasy Baboo, same thick, short neck, and the who sat in rich complacency, and carried same scantiness of forehead. no scars of a belaying-pin on his shaven When Budge left Liverpool as ship's head, nor were labor corns in the palms of carpenter in the tramp steamer Andromeda, his slim hands. And all up and down the all these parts were in good working order; bazar were shops that held opulent men when he landed in Phrang, Burma, he who seemingly neither toiled nor spun; said: “Wot bloomin' chanst 'ave I got ? and the street was gorgeous with the gay- Look at me; I orter go into dry-dock in the colored raiment of laughing idlers, who orspital. If that pirate fust orficer 'adn't smoked big cheroots, and ate cakes of broke 'is arm I'd a been murdered." ghee and sugar. In truth but for the officer's accident, “This is bloomin' luxury, I calls it,” it is safe to say “Chips” would have been Budge whispered to himself; and Ikki, belaying-pinned out of existence. speaking through the Baboo's even, white “I ain't goin' back in this 'ere coffin teeth, said aloud: "Ha, Sahib, will Huzoor box,” Budge swore softly, leaning over the drink a beer sharab in my honor?” rail of the steamer as she swung to a black Budge opened his little eyes, that were iron buoy in the swirling, coffee-colored like a bulldog's, in astonishment. Would waters that Cheroghea River vomited into he drink a bottle of beer! My word! a the bay. bloomin' dozen wouldn't drown the drought He watched with envy the half-caste of his great desire. He laughed till the clerk that sat beneath a big paper um metal gong rang with the strength of his brella on acargo boat, tolling the bags of rice. lungs. “Nobody don't work an' git their 'eads Budge quaffed the beer, while Chunder smashed in this country but niggers,” he Ghose chewed pan supari, which is areca mused. nut and lime and cloves and divers other Then he went ashore in a sampan, and condiments held in a pan leaf, and spat the tramped up a broad metaled road, be vermillion-colored juice voluminously be- tween great spreading banyan trees that yond the threshold of his shop. threw a cool shade, and Ikki, the God of “Is Huzoor a Captain Sahib?" queried Chance, guided his huge feet to the shop Ghose: which was most gratuitous flattery, of Baboo Chunder Ghose. for he knew quite well that Budge was Chunder Ghose was a Bengali, which is carpenter on the Andromeda. The Ba- another name for avarice and duplicity. boo's furtive eye had seen “Chips” toiling Ghose looked at the huge chest of the like a young elephant at a damaged crane Englishman, and the power of his square during one of his trading trips to the jaw, and thought how these things would steamer. make unwilling coolies work in the teak “Me th' bloomin' skipper?" And again jungles of Cheroghea. This also was Ikki, Chips laughed till things fell from the who sat screened behind a metal gong that shelves. swung from the hand of a leering wooden “Sahib should live in Phrang,"continued goddess—“Kali," the consort of Siva, the the Baboo; "he would become a great Destroyer man.” 701 702 The Outing Magazine "Ow's that?" queried Budge; "wot bloomin' chanst 'd l 'ave? I don't sabe the bbat (language); but I'm jolly well sick of workin' an' gittin' me 'ead 'ammered when the skipper's took too much o' the drink.” “Huzoor is receive assault and batter? Huh! that is not according to Magna Charta. Englishman is not coolie; it is not proper ruling of judicial when a sahib is prosecuted with club." Budge nodded his heavy head, and gulped the last of the beer. Chunder's Baboo English was nebulous-grandilo- quent; but the trend of it fitted in with the carpenter's rebellious mood. He epit- omized the Baboo's declamation in crys- tallized English. What he answered was: “They're a bloody lot o' swine on that tramp steamer -skipper, fust mate, an’ bosun; black- ’earted pirates, I tell yer, Mr. Rajah, an' I ain't goin' back in 'er. I've 'ad enough.” There was another bottle of beer; and there was talk that only Ikki, the God of Opportunity, heard; talk of building a saw-mill up Cheroghea River, in the for- est of the Aracan Yomas. And presently Budge, possessed of a glorious future and bazar beer, went back in a sampan to the steamer, and laid plans for deserting. And in a week, when DeSilva, the Por- tuguese pilot, just managed to squeeze the Andromeda, whose white-circled Plim- soll was deep awash, over the turbulent harbor bar, she was guiltless of a “Chips.” The skipper didn't know this; the first mate didn't know it-not till the pilot had dropped to his cockleshell craft, and sped away home for Phrang. Then it was too late; for the southwest monsoons, sullen and strong, were torturing the Bay of Bengal into an ocean of discontent, and to return meant more than the recovery of a dozen "Chips." Larry Budge crawled from his hiding in the Baboo's godown, washed himself clear of his seafaring life with a bottle of beer, and took up the burden of the Anglo- Indian. Like a true, colonizing Englishman he noticed that Phrang was entirely guiltless of hotels, “Not a drink 'ouse in the place,” he muttered as he explored the station. There was the Gymkhana Club of the Europeans; the government dak bungalow where travelers could find poorly furnished quarters; the native bottle shops in the bazar; but not a “pub.” This weighed on Budge's mind. Saw- mills and jungle trees were all very fine, but a tidy hotel was finer still. He thought it all out in his own slow, heavy way; a billiard table; perhaps bowls; little tables in the veranda to sit at and lush: why, he'd make a fortune from the skippers and crews of the rice steamers alone! However, Chunder Ghose's idea was lum- ber and government contracts, with the big fighting Englishman to look after the work, while he handled the rupees. So Budge went up the Cheroghea, and looked at the jungle. Then he cursed it with greater vehemence than he had the skipper, and the first mate, and the An- dromeda. When he had sworn himself into a think- ing mood, he wrought into a plan. Of himself it might never have come, this idea that was too old to be brilliant; but Mee- mah, who was a Burmese woman, and was cleverer than forty slow-witted men of huge bulk, had traded in rice and in salt. Meemah took kindly to Budge's idea of life in a bungalow in Phrang. She would be a memsahib all the bazar people would call her ‘Memsahib” when she bought supplies for the hotel. Now, honors were easy, for Baboo Ghose was to play against the bulldog intenseness of the navy-like Englishman and the subtle wisdom of Meemah. So Baboo Ghose's rupees went up the Cheroghea in a dribbling stream till the Bengali was sore of heart; and down to the village of Phrang messengers brought wondrous epistles, and reports of progress and timber, that was like the budget of a Russian finance minister. It was an international alliance, offensive and defensive. The Englishman couldn't have managed it without Meemah, for te was deficient in brains, and Meemah would have failed for lack of courage; but allied, the Baboo was overmatched. And in In- dia to outgeneral a Bengali Baboo is con- sidered a creditable affair. “Wot right 'ad the bloomin' Baboo to get me to desert from a good ship, an' come up 'ere to this blarsted jungle?--that's wot I arsks 'im." Budge questioned with righteous indignation. “E's worse 'n a 704 The Outing Magazine Jew. I don't call it fair play, nohow. 'E Sahib, and they drink gin together spins a yarn as 'ow I'll be a bloomin' always.” Rajah up 'ere. My word! I'd rather lay In the jungle Budge had been careless of in me bunk on a Cardiff collier with me his attire; now, as master of the Aracan 'ead split hopen from a belayin'-pin.” Hotel, he wore clean white trousers and a And Meemah would make a sherbet cotton guernsey; toward evening, if there from wild plums and limes, and give it to were skippers in the "pub,” he donned a t'e sahib to drink, and say: “Thakine, O coat. The legal entanglement gave hiza Thakine, if the black foreigner who is not solemnity. All day long he discussed the of your people, nor of my people, makes suit with forceful animadversion upon the evil words against the Thakine and Mee ancestral origin of Baboo Ghose. mah, the Thakine will stretch out his big "Wot bloomin' right 'as that soor of a hand, that is as strong as the trunk of an Baboo to instigate me to desert as good a elephant, and cause the Baboo to cry like skipper as ever boxed a compass.—that's a dog." wot | arsks, gentlemen. It's agin the "I'll jolly well smash 'is 'ead if 'e comes bloomin' law-'e's a seducer of honest men, swingin' any bazar lies at me an’ mine!" that's wot 'e is. If I 'ad 'im out ’Amp- “And from the silver that has come, stead w'y, in ole Lunnon, I'd settle 'is Thakine, we will give to Lahbo five rupees, bloomin' tucker-I'd punch the belly off'n and to the Manjee and the coolies a great 'im. But 'ere, in this blarsted country, a eating of rice; then they will all say that white man ain't got no chanst. 'E'd swear you are a great boh "(captain),” and also: me life aw'y—a honest man ain't got no that the Baboo is the descendant of jungle chanst along o’ them niggers.” animals.". Budge would bring his big fist down on So Baboo Ghose got reports in kind, the table and swear strange oaths that are reports that would lead to the continuance fashionable in Billingsgate. of good food. And the rupees that were "I'll give the soor 'is bellyfull o’law- needed for the improvement of Phrang in blowed if I don't.” the way of a “pub” were wrung from the In the evening DeSouza the Vakil, and unsuspicious man of avarice. McBean, the Scotch half-caste deputy as- Then one day the silver stream ceased sistant magistrate, came after court hours to flow. It was another woman who was and sat at a table in a back room of the envious of Meemah that said things-true “pub.” Budge put a bottle of Holland things to Baboo Ghose. gin and two glasses between them; and When there is trouble in the affairs of the unrighteous duplicity of Baboo Ghose the Bengali Baboo he always flies to the bred denunciation that dried the square courts. So, when Chunder Ghose saw that black ſlagon to the last drop. most of the lumber was a myth, he rushed “You are too honest man, Budge Sa- into law. Perhaps this was wise, for hib,” the Vakil said, as the crystal-clear. Budge's gorilla chest and square jaw were liquor, with its hidden fire, warmed his more formidable than rulings, and find flaccid imagination. ings, and pleader's fees. “That's my w'y of doin' business; thiev- And Chips” Budge and Meemah came in' never prospered," the virtuous "Chips down to Phrang; and Meemah, out of her replied. own money, that had once been the Ba The magistrate nodded his head approv- boo's, bought a bungalow.on Harbor Road, ingly at this noble expression of sentiment. and furniture, and a billiard table from “Huh, Judge Sahib, you hear that? Calcutta; and Budge got a license, and the This poor man, my client, he is to be "pub" the Englishman had dreamed of robbed by a Bengali." had eventuated. "Very wrong! The courts are to pro- Then because of this law-thing, Budge tect the weak," the magistrate remarked. engaged DeSouza, a half-caste pleader. “Ah, man, never before in Phrang could This was because Meemah said: “The we get gin like this—it is good for the Thakine will take DeSouza the Vakil to kidneys.” arrange, the law on our side, for he is a “Because Budge Sahib is honest man," friend of the assistant magistrate, McBean declared DeSouza; “but Chunder Ghose The Orientalizing of Budge 705 will put any cheap thing in the bottles- “I am a poor man, your honor," declared he is a rascal.” Baboo Ghose; “I am subject of Queen "You have a strong case, Budge Sahib,” Victoria.” quoth McBean. “Mind, man, I am not on “Baboo Ghose is honest man,” declared the bench now, this opinion is sub judice.” Vakil Mullick, “always giving to the poor "Eh! wot's that?" asked Budge, “wot many rup es. But Budge Sahib is coolie do it mean?" caste of English, telling plenty lies, and “I am speaking friend to friend,” said stealing fifty thousand rupee from Baboo Judge McBean. Ghose. But Baboo Ghose is kind heart, ‘Budge Sahib knows that, judge,” ex he is plaintiff for only two thousand in plained DeSouza. “He is an honest man; the court of your honor, which is always all he wants is to win his case, because the dispensing justice and equity to the poor Baboo is a rascal.” mans like my client.” “ 'E's a bloomin' swine-'e orter be 'ad “Man, you've got a strong case, Baboo," up, Judge, fer makin' me desert.” affirmed McBean. “He was an accomplice before the fact, “Huzoor, I am a poor man, your honor, Budge Sahib,” declared McBean. not knowing jurisprudence; only according 'Eh! 'E's worse, Judge'e's a swine. to law of Great Britain and the Empress There I was, carpenter of as good a ship as wanting to win case because of that rascal, ever floated, along o' a skipper as sez to Budge Sahib.” me, sez 'e: Chips, you 'elps yerself in th’ A week later, as McBean and DeSouza bloomin' slop chest, an' the ship’s purser again sat in the Aracan Hotel, the Vakil don't chalk up nothink agin yer score, said: “My client's case is called for to- see?' That's wot 'e sez to me. An' to morrow, Judge; but see, Budge Sahib is think as 'ow I deserted all along o' this sick-he cannot attend.” bloomin' Baboo as now wants to take the Budge opened his eyes at this statement; bread outen my mouth. 'Tain't British but the Vakil winked at him, and the fair play—I calls it bloomin' robbery." Englishman affirmed: "I was took last Budge Sahib is an honest man," de night something orful-pains 'ere as I clared the Vakil. couldn't rest,” and the publican rubbed a "You've got a strong case, man,” af fat hand over his large paunch. firmed McBean. “Cholera!” declared the judge; “you DeSouza tipped the square bottle over are sick man, as I can see.” the D. A. M.'s glass, but not a murmur of * Bloomin' orful!" gurgling gin sounded from its nozzle. The “They will want to cross-examine you, magistrate put a hand over his glass Budge Sahib,” said the judge. deprecatingly—“No more, Vakil Sahib," “I'll tell 'em somethink—the heathen he cried. swine. I'll tell 'em as ’ow they tried to rob “Call a gharry, Budge Sahib,” DeSouza me an' mine." said; “we must go. Give the gharry man "See, judge, Budge Sahib is honest man: eight annas, Budge Sahib— I forgot to put he will speak true he will tell the court any money in my pocket,” he added, as he that Baboo Ghose is rascal. But if Budge followed the other worthy man of law into Sahib is sick he can't go; but that is the vehicle. nothing,” declared the Vakil. “Baboo It was a fattening suit; a case not to be Ghose has got no case; we will throw the disposed of at one sitting; and there were suit out, eh, judge?” many days of this order. Baboo Ghose was "Sure. If Budge Sahib's case is too clamorous for quick action. He stated his strong, then Baboo Ghose will not get view of the situation after the manner of his judgment." kind, verbosely, and with reckless bravado. Budge groaned and put his hand across In truth, as it happened, the same his stomach. “These gripes is somethink worthy judge sat in the Baboo's inner orful, judge.” Then he went and lay chamber with the Baboo's Vakil, Mullick down, and the two men of law drove Sen, and a heavy-shouldered, square black away. bottle marked “DeKupper” stood like a And the next day Baboo Ghose brought solemn landmark on the table at his elbow. his suit on, and produced in court a promis- The Rover Bards 707 you are too honest, Budge Sahib; you “He is too honest," said the Vakil. didn't know what rascal this Baboo Ghose Budge pondered. Not having given the is. When the note was due you paid it.” note, he had never paid it, neither had he "-" any receipt. It seemed, as McBean said, “Of course you paid when it was due," a very strong case--all but the little dis- interrupted the Vakil, “and you took crepancy of having no receipt. receipt.” “You must look all through Baboo Budge stared aghast. Ghose's letters, Budge Sahib, and find that “But you are honest man, and you receipt,” continued the Vakil. He was didn't think Baboo Ghose would swear the speaking, as it might be said, with one eye note was not paid.” open. Ah, the letters! There would be "'E's a blawsted perjurer! 'E'd swear the signature of Baboo Ghose to them be- anythink.” yond doubt. Yes, he would find the "I have told the Judge Sahib that you receipt now. Meemah would, at any rate, got receipt when you paid that note. And for her cousin, Phobah, who was a clerk in now we must appeal. Judge McBean is the post-office, was a fine penman. And acting magistrate of the first class, because as to the witnesses-well, there again was deputy commissioner is gone on tour, so Meemah to be depended upon. the case will come before him again. He So when the suit was next heard Ba- knows you are honest man, Budge Sahib, boo Ghose's forged note was met with a and that Baboo Ghose is rascal, so you forged receipt, and his witnesses were of must find that receipt you got from Baboo no avail, for Budge had not denied the Ghose. And you have witness, too. Mee note. mah's brother, Lahbo, he was there that And the defendant's witnesses swore time when you paid Baboo Ghose-you with steady persistency to the payment of And her cousin, Phobah, he see the two thousand rupees. you pay two thousand rupees.” The little matter of the gin was com- "You have a strong case, Budge Sahib,” pletely forgotten in the more important declared the judge. affair of the unrighteous Baboo's defeat. told me. THE ROVER BARDS BY WALTER ADOLF ROBERTS Filled with the love of living, Far from the city's reach, Hearing only the ocean Sob to a lonely beach; Seeing only the sea-birds Drift with the landward breeze, And the sunlight shimmer clearly Over a thousand Keys; Treading the fertile valleys Where the slave had worn the chain, Sailing out from Aves Unto the Spanish Main; Down through the wondrous islands In deathless springtime clad, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Trinidad- Thus did we seek the old things, Thus did we seek and hear Of wild deeds unrepented, In the haunt of the buccaneer; Fashioning forth our music Where the palm leaves toss and sway, On the sands by old Port Royal, Or beside Samana Bay. White Fang 709 dented. He took the precaution to sheer 'Served 'm tight. You said so yourself, off from the two watching gods, and walked Mr. Scott. He tried to take White Fang's carefully to the corner of the cabin. Noth meat, an' he's dead-O. That was to be ex- ing happened. He was plainly perplexed, pected. I wouldn't give two whoops in and he came back again, pausing a dozen feet hell for a dog that wouldn't fight for his away and regarding the two men intently own meat.” “Won't he run away?” his new owner “But look at yourself, Matt. It's all asked. right about the dogs, but we must draw the Matt shrugged his shoulders. “Got to line somewhere.” take a gamble. Only way to find out is “Served me right,” Matt argued stub- to find out.” bornly. “What 'd I want to kick ’m for? “Poor devil,” Scott murmured pityingly. You said yourself that he'd done right. “What he needs is some show of human Then I had no right to kick 'm.” kindness,” he added, turning and going "It would be a mercy to kill him,“ Scott into the cabin. insisted. “He's untamable.” He came out with a piece of meat, which “Now look here, Mr. Scott, give the poor he tossed to White Fang. He sprang away devil a fightin' chance. He ain't had no from it, and from a distance studied it chance yet. He's just come through hell, suspiciously. an' this is the first time he's ben loose. "Hi-yu! Major!” Matt shouted warn Give 'm a fair chance, an' if he don't de- ingly, but too late. liver the goods, I'll kill ’m myself. There!” Major had made a spring for the meat. "God knows I don't want to kill him or At the instant his jaws closed on it White have him killed,” Scott answered, putting Fang struck him. He was overthrown. away the revolver. “We'll let him run Matt rushed in, but quicker than he was loose and see what kindness can do for him. White Fang. Major staggered to his feet, And here's a try at it.” but the blood spouting from his throat He walked over to White Fang and be- reddened the snow in a widening path. gan talking to him gently and soothingly. "It's too bad, but it served him right,” “Better have a club handy,” Matt Scott said hastily. warned. But Matt's foot had already started on Scott shook his head and went on trying its way to kick White Fang. There was a to win White Fang's confidence. leap, a flash of teeth, a sharp exclamation. White Fang was suspicious. Something White Fang, snarling fiercely, scrambled was impending. He had killed this god's backward for several yards, while Matt dog, bitten his companion god, and what stooped and investigated his leg. else was to be expected than some terrible "He got me all right,” he announced, punishment? But in the face of it he was pointing to the torn trousers and under indomitable. He bristled and showed his clothes, and the growing stain of red. teeth, his eyes vigilant, his whole body wary "I told you it was hopeless, Matt,” Scott and prepared for anything. The god had said in a discouraged voice. "I've thought no club, so he suffered him to approach about it off and on, while not wanting to quite near. The god's hand had come out think of it. But we've come to it now. and was descending upon his head. White It's the only thing to do.” Fang shrank together and grew tense as As he talked, with reluctant movements he crouched under it. Here was danger, he drew his revolver, threw open the cylin some treachery or something. He knew der, and assured himself of its contents. the hands of the gods, their proved mastery, “Look here, Mr. Scott,” Matt objected; their cunning to hurt. Besides, there was "that dog's ben through hell. You can't his old antipathy to being touched. He expect 'm to come out a white an' shinin' snarled more menacingly, crouched still angel. Give 'm time.” lower, and still the hand descended. He "Look at Major," the other rejoined. did not want to bite the hand, and he en- The dog-musher surveyed the stricken dured the peril of it until his instinct surged dog. He had sunk down on the snow in up in him, mastering him with its insatiable the circle of his blood, and was plainly in yearning for life. the last gasp. Weedon Scott had believed that he was 710 The Outing Magazine THE LOVE-MASTER quick enough to avoid any snap or slash. Matt took the rifle and began slowly to But he had yet to learn the remarkable raise it to his shoulder. White Fang's quickness of White Fang, who struck with snarling began with the movement, and in- the certainty and swiftness of a coiled creased as the movement approached its snake. culmination. But the moment before the Scott cried out sharply with surprise, rifle came to a level on him, he leaped side- catching his torn hand and holding it wise behind the corner of the cabin. Matt tightly in his other hand. Matt uttered a stood staring along the sights at the empty great oath and sprang to his side. White space of snow which had been occupied by Fang crouched down and backed away, White Fang. bristling, showing his fangs, his eyes malig The dog-musher put the rifle down nant with menace. Now he could expect solemnly, then turned and looked at his a beating as fearful as any he had received employer. from Beauty Smith. "I agree with you, Mr. Scott. That “Here! What are you doing?” Scott dog's too intelligent to kill.” cried suddenly. Matt had dashed into the cabin and come out with a rifle. CHAPTER VI “Nothin',” he said slowly, with a careless calmness that was assumed, “only goin' to keep that promise I made. I reckon it's As White Fang watched Weedon Scott up to me to kill 'm as I said I'd do." approach, he bristled and snarled to ad- “No, you don't!” vertise that he would not submit to pun- “Yes, I do. Watch me." ishment. Twenty-four hours had passed As Matt had pleaded for White Fang since he had slashed open the hand that when he had been bitten, it was now was now bandaged and held up by a sling Weedon Scott's turn to plead. to keep the blood out of it. In the past “You said to give him a chance. Well, White Fang had experienced delayed pun- give it to him. We've only just started, ishments, and he apprehended that such and we can't quit at the beginning. It a one was about to befall him. How served me right, this time. And-look could it be otherwise? He had committed at him!” what was to him sacrilege, sunk his fangs White Fang, near the corner of the cabin into the holy flesh of a god, and of a and forty feet away, was snarling with white-skinned superior god at that. In blood-curdling viciousness, not at Scott, the nature of things, and of intercourse but at the dog-musher. with gods, something terrible awaited "Well I'll be everlastin'ly gosh-swog- him. gled!” was the dog-musher's expression of The god sat down several feet away. astonishment. White Fang could see nothing dangerous “Look at the intelligence of him,” Scott in that. When the gods administered went on hastily. "He knows the meaning punishment they stood on their legs. Be- of firearms as well as you do. He's got sides, this god had no club, no whip, no intelligence, and we've got to give that in firearm. And furthermore he himself was telligence a chance. Put up the gun.” free. No chain nor stick bound him. He “All right, I'm willin',” Matt agreed, could escape into safety while the god leaning the rifle against the wood-pile. was scrambling to his feet. In the mean- “But will you look at that!” he ex time he would wait and see. claimed the next moment. The god remained quiet, made no move- White Fang had quieted down and ment; and White Fang's snarl slowly ceased snarling. dwindled to a growl that ebbed down in "This is worth investigatin'. Watch." his throat and ceased. Then the god Matt reached for the rifle, and at the same spoke, and at the first sound of his voice moment White Fang snarled. He stepped the hair rose on White Fang's neck and the away from the rifle, and White Fang's growl rushed up in his throat. But the lifted lips descended, covering his teeth. god made no hostile movement, and went “Now, just for fun.” on calmly talking. For a time White - White Fang 711 Fang growled in unison with him, a cor last the time came that he decided to eat respondence of rhythm being established the meat from the hand. He never took between growl and voice. But the god his eyes from the god, thrusting his head talked on interminably. He talked to forward with ears flattened back and hair White Fang as White Fang had never been involuntarily rising and cresting on his talked to before. He talked softly and neck. Also a low growl rumbled in his soothingly, with a gentleness that some throat as warning that he was not to be how, somewhere, touched White Fang. In trifled with. He ate the meat, and nothing spite of himself and all the pricking warn happened. Piece by piece he ate all the ings of his instinct, White Fang began to meat, and nothing happened. Still the have confidence in this god. He had a punishment delayed. feeling of security that was belied by all his He licked his chops and waited. The experience with men. god went on talking. In his voice was After a long time the god got up and kindness--something of which White Fang went into the cabin. White Fang scanned had no experience whatever. And within him apprehensively when he came out. him it aroused feelings which he had like- He had neither whip nor club nor weapon. wise never experienced before. He was Nor was his uninjured hand behind his aware of a certain strange satisfaction, as back hiding something. He sat down as though some need were being gratified, as before, in the same spot, several feet away. though some void in his being were being He held out a small piece of meat. White filled. Then again came the prod of his Fang pricked his ears and investigated it instinct and the warning of past expe- suspiciously, managing to look at the same rience. The gods were ever crafty, and time both at the meat and the god, alert they had unguessed ways of attaining their for any overt act, his body tense and ready ends. to spring away at the first sign of hostility. Ah, he had thought so! There it came Still the punishment delayed. The god now, the god's hand, cunning to hurt, merely held near to his nose a piece of thrusting out at him, descending upon his meat. And about the meat there seemed head. But the god went on talking. His nothing wrong. Still White Fang sus voice was soft and soothing. In spite of pected; and though the meat was proffered the menacing hand, the voice inspired con- to him with short inviting thrusts of the fidence. And in spite of the assuring hand, he refused to touch it. The gods voice, the hand inspired distrust. White were all-wise, and there was no telling what Fang was torn by conflicting feelings, im- masterful treachery lurked behind that pulses. It seemed he would fly to pieces, , apparently harmless piece of meat. In so terrible was the control he was exert- past experience, especially in dealing with ing, holding together by an unwonted in- squaws, meat and punishment had often decision the counter-forces that struggled been disastrously related. within him for mastery. In the end, the god tossed the meat He compromised. He snarled and bris- on the snow at White Fang's feet. He tled and flattened his ears. But he neither smelled the meat carefully. But he did snapped nor sprang away. The hand de- not look at it. While he smelled it he kept scended. Nearer and nearer it came. It his eyes on the god. Nothing happened. touched the ends of his upstanding hair. He took the meat into his mouth and swal He shrank down under it. It followed down lowed it. Still nothing happened. The after him, pressing more closely against god was actually offering him another piece him. Shrinking, almost shivering, he still of meat. Again he refused to take it from managed to hold himself together. It was the hand, and again it was tossed to him. a torment, this hand that touched him and This was repeated a number of times. But violated his instinct. He could not forget there came a time when the god refused to in a day all the evil that had been wrought toss it. He kept it in his hand and stead him at the hands of men. But it was the fastly proffered it. will of the god, and he strove to submit. The meat was good meat, and White The hand lifted and descended again in Fang was hungry. Bit by bit, infinitely a patting caressing movement. This con- cautious, he approached the hand. At tinued, but every time the hand lifted, the 712 The Outing Magazine hair lifted under it. And every time the hand descended, the ears flattened down and a cavernous growl surged in his throat. White Fang growled and growled with in- sistent warning. By this means he an- nounced that he was prepared to retaliate for any hurt he might receive. There was no telling when the god's ulterior motive might be disclosed. At any moment that soft, confidence-inspiring voice might break forth in a roar of wrath, that gentle and caressing hand transform itself into a vise- like grip to hold him helpless and admin- ister punishment. But the god talked on softly, and ever the hand rose and fell with non-hostile pats. White Fang experienced dual feel- ings. It was distasteful to his instinct. It restrained him, opposed the will of him toward personal liberty. And yet it was not physically painful. On the contrary, it was even pleasant, in a physical way. The patting movement slowly and care- fully changed to a rubbing of the ears about their bases, and the physical pleasure even increased a little. Yet he continued to fear, and he stood on guard, expectant of unguessed evil, alternately suffering and enjoying as one feeling or the other came uppermost and swayed him. "Well, I'll be gosh-swoggled!” So spoke Matt, coming out of the cabin, his sleeves rolled up, a pan of dirty dish- water in his hands, arrested in the act of emptying the pan by the sight of Weedon Scott patting White Fang. At the instant his voice broke the si- lence, White Fang leaped back, snarling savagely at him. Matt regarded his employer with grieved disapproval. "If you don't mind my expressin' my feelin's, Mr. Scott, I'll make free to say you're seventeen kinds of a damn fool an’ all of 'em different, an' then some." Weedon Scott smiled with a superior air, gained his feet, and walked over to White Fang. He talked soothingly to him, but not for long, then slowly put out his hand, rested it on White Fang's head, and re- sumed the interrupted patting. White Fang endured it, keeping his eyes fixed suspiciously, not upon the man that petted him, but upon the man that stood in the doorway. “You may be a number one, tip-top minin' expert, all right all right," the dog- musher delivered himself oracularly, “but you missed the chance of your life when you was a boy an' didn't run off an' join a circus.” White Fang snarled at the sound of his voice, but this time did not leap away from under the hand that was caressing his head and the back of his neck with long, soothing strokes. It was the beginning of the end for White Fang-the ending of the old life and the reign of hate. A new and incomprehen- sibly fairer life was dawning. It required much thinking and endless patience on the part of Weedon Scott to accomplish this. And on the part of White Fang it required nothing less than a revolution. He had to ignore the urges and promptings of instinct and reason, defy experience, give the lie to life itself. Life, as he had known it, not only had had no place in it for much that he now did; but all the currents had gone counter to those to which he now bandoned him- self. In short, when all things were con- sidered, he had to achieve an orientation far vaster than the one he had achieved at the time he came voluntarily in from the Wild and accepted Gray Beaver as his lord. At that time he was a mere puppy, soft from the making, without form, ready for the thumb of circumstance to begin its work upon him. But now it was different. The thumb of circum- stance had done its work only too well. By it he had been formed and hard- ened into the Fighting Wolf, fierce and implacable, unloving and unlovable. To accomplish the change was like a reflux of being, and this when the plasticity of youth was no longer his; when the fiber of him had become tough and knotty; when the warp and the woof of him had made of him an adamantine texture, harsh and un- yielding; when the face of his spirit had become iron, and all his instincts and axi- oms had crystallized into set rules, cau- tions, dislikes, and desires. Yet again, in this new orientation, it was the thumb of circumstance that pressed and prodded him, softening that which had become hard and remolding it into fairer form. Weedon Scott was in truth this thumb. He had gone to the roots of White Fang's nature, and with kindness touched White Fang 713 to life potencies that had languished and point to caress and pet White Fang, and well nigh perished. One such potency was to do it at length. love. It took the place of like, which latter At first suspicious and hostile, White had been the highest feeling that thrilled Fang grew to like this petting. But there him his intercourse with the gods. was one thing that he never outgrew-his But this love did not come in a day. It growling. Growl he would, from the mo- began with like and out of it slowly de ment the petting began until it ended. veloped. White Fang did not run away, But it was a growl with a new note in it. though he was allowed to remain loose, A stranger could not hear this note, and because he liked this new god. This was to such a stranger the growling of White certainly better than the life he had lived Fang was an exhibition of primordial in the cage of Beauty Smith, and it was savagery, nerve-racking and blood-curd- necessary that he should have some god. ling. But White Fang's throat had be- The lordship of man was a need of his na come harsh-fibered from the making of ture. The seal of his dependence on man ferocious sounds through the many years had been set upon him in that early day since his first little rasp of anger in the lair when he turned his back on the Wild and of his cubhood, and he could not soften crawled to Gray Beaver's feet to receive the sounds of that throat now to express the expected beating. This seal had been the gentleness he felt. Nevertheless, Wee- stamped upon him again, and ineradicably, don Scott's ear and sympathy were fine on his second return from the Wild, when enough to catch the new note all but the long famine was over and there was drowned in the fierceness—the note that fish once more in the village of Gray was the faintest hint of a croon of content Beaver. and that none but he could hear. And so because he needed a god, and be As the days went by, the evolution of like cause he preferred Weedon Scott to Beau into love was accelerated. White Fang ty Smith, White Fang remained. In ac himself began to grow aware of it, though knowledgment of fealty, he proceeded to in his consciousness he knew not what love take upon himself the guardianship of his was. It manifested itself to him as a void master's property. He prowled about the in his being a hungry, aching, yearning cabin while the sled-dogs slept, and the void that clamored to be filled. It was a first night visitor to the cabin fought him pain and an unrest; and it received ease- off with a club until Weedon Scott came to ment only by the touch of the new god's the rescue. But White Fang soon learned presence. At such times love was a joy to differentiate between thieves and honest to him, a wild, keen-thrilling satisfaction. men, to appraise the true value of step and But when away from his god, the pain and carriage. The man who traveled, loud the unrest returned; the void in him sprang stepping, the direct line to the cabin door, up and pressed against him with its empti- he let alone—though he watched him vigi ness, and the hunger gnawed and gnawed lantly until the door opened and he re unceasingly. ceived the indorsement of the master. But White Fang was in the process of finding the man who went softly, by circuitous himself. In spite of the maturity of his ways, peering with caution, seeking after years and of the savage rigidity of the secresy—that was the man who received mold that had formed him, his nature was no suspension of judgment from White undergoing an expansion. There was a Fang, and who went away abruptly, hur- bourgeoning within him of strange feelings riedly, and without dignity. and unwonted impulses. His old code of Weedon Scott had set himself the task conduct was changing. In the past he of redeeming White Fang-or rather, of had liked comfort and surcease from pain, redeeming mankind from the wrong it had disliked discomfort and pain, and he had done White Fang. It was a matter of adjusted his actions accordingly. But now principle and conscience. He felt that the it was different. Because of this new feel- ill done White Fang was a debt incurred by ing within him, he ofttimes elected dis- man and that it must be paid. So he went comfort and pain for the sake of his god. out of his way to be especially kind to the Thus, in the early morning, instead of Fighting Wolf. Each day he made it a roaming and foraging, or lying in a shel- White Fang 715 ever. he suspected nothing. That night he Weedon Scott Strode half across the waited for the master to return. At mid room toward him, at the same time calling night the chill wind that blew drove him him. White Fang came to him, not with to shelter at the rear of the cabin. There a great bound, yet quickly. He was awk- he drowsed, only half asleep, his ears keyed ward from self-consciousness, but as he for the first sound of the familiar step. drew near, his eyes took on a strange ex- But, at two in the morning, his anxiety pression. Something, an incommunicable drove him out to the cold front stoop, vastness of feeling, rose up into his eyes as where he crouched and waited. a light and shone forth. But no master came. In the morning “He never looked at me that way all the the door opened and Matt stepped outside. time you was gone,” Matt commented. White Fang gazed at him wistfully. There Weedon Scott did not hear. He was was no common speech by which he might squatting down on his heels, face to face learn what he wanted to know. The days with White Fang and petting him—rub- came and went, but never the master. bing at the roots of the ears, making long White Fang, who had never known sick caressing strokes down the neck to the ness in his life, became sick. He became shoulders, tapping the spine gently with very sick, so sick that Matt was finally the balls of his fingers. And White Fang compelled to bring him inside the cabin. was growling responsively, the crooning Also, in writing to his employer, Matt de note of the growl more pronounced than voted a postscript to White Fang. Weedon Scott, reading the letter down But that was not all. What of his joy, in Circle City, came upon the following: the great love in him, ever surging and “That dam wolf won't work. Won't struggling to express itself, succeeded in eat. Ain't go no spunk left. All the finding a new mode of expression. He dogs is licking him. Wants to know what suddenly thrust his head forward and has become of you, and I don't know how nudged his way in between the master's to tell him. Mebbe he is going to die." arm and body. And here, confined, hid- It was as Matt had said. White Fang den from view all except his ears, no long- had ceased eating, lost heart, and allowed er growling, he continued to nudge and every dog of the team to thrash him. In snuggle. the cabin he lay on the floor near the stove, The two men looked at each other. without interest in food, in Matt, or in Scott's eyes were shining. life. Matt might talk gently to him or "Gosh!” said Matt in an awe-stricken swear at him, it was all the same; he never voice. did more than turn his dull eyes upon the A moment later, when he had recovered man, then drop his head back to its cus himself, he said, “I always insisted that tomary position on his fore-paws. wolf was a dog. Look at 'm!” And then, one night, Matt, reading to With the return of the love-master, himself with moving lips and mumbled White Fang's recovery was rapid. Two sounds, was startled by a low whine from nights and a day he spent in the cabin. White Fang. He had got upon his feet, Then he sallied forth. The sled-dogs had his ears cocked toward the door, and he forgotten his prowess. They remembered was listening intently. A moment later, only the latest, which was his weakness Matt heard a footstep. The door opened and sickness. At the sight of him as he and Weedon Scott stepped in. The two came out of the cabin they sprang upon men shook hands. Then Scott looked him. around the room. "Talk about your rough-houses," Matt “Where's the wolf?” he asked. murmured gleefully, standing in the door- Then he discovered him, standing where way and looking on. “Give 'm hell, you he had been lying, near to the stove. He wolf! Give 'm hell-an' then some. had not rushed forward after the manner White Fang did not need the encour- of other dogs. He stood, watching and agement. The return of the love-master waiting was enough. Life was flowing through “Holy smoke!” Matt exclaimed. “Look him again, splendid and indomitable. He at 'm wag his tail!” fought from sheer joy, finding in it an ex- 716 The Outing Magazine pression of much that he felt and that White Fang was in a rage, wickedly making otherwise was without speech. There his attack on the most vulnerable spot. could be but one ending. The team dis From shoulder to wrist of the crossed persed in ignominious defeat, and it was arms, the coat-sleeve, blue flannel shirt not until after dark that the dogs came and undershirt were ripped in rags, while sneaking back, one by one, by meekness the arms themselves were terribly slashed and humility signifying their fealty to and streaming blood. White Fang. All this the two men saw in the first Having learned to snuggle, White Fang instant. The next instant Weedon Scott was guilty of it often. It was the final had White Fang by the throat and was word. He could not go beyond it. The dragging him clear. White Fang struggled one thing of which he had always been and snarled, but made no attempt to bite, particularly jealous was his head. He while he quickly quieted down at a sharp had always disliked to have it touched. It word from the master. was the Wild in him, the fear of hurt and Matt helped the man to his feet. As he of the trap, that had given rise to the pan arose he lowered his crossed arms, exposing icky impulses to avoid contacts. It was the bestial face of Beauty Smith. The the mandate of his instinct that that head dog-musher let go of him precipitately, must be free. And now, with the love with action similar to that of a man who master, his snuggling was the deliberate has picked up live fire. Beauty Smith act of putting himself into a position of blinked in the lamplight and looked about hopeless helplessness. It was an expres him. He caught sight of White Fang and sion of perfect confidence, of absolute self terror rushed into his face. surrender, as though he said: "I put my At the same moment Matt noticed two self into thy hands. Work thou thy will objects lying in the snow. He held the with me.” lamp close to them, indicating them with One night, not long after the return, his toe for his employer's benefit—a steel Scott and Matt sat at a game of cribbage, dog-chain and a stout club. preliminary to going to bed. "Fifteen Weedon Scott saw and nodded. Not a two, fifteen-four, an' a pair makes six,” word was spoken. The dog-musher laid Matt was pegging up, when there was an his hand on Beauty Smith's shoulder and outcry and sound of snarling without. faced him to the right about. No word They looked at each other as they started needed to be spoken. Beauty Smith to rise to their feet. started. "The wolf's nailed somebody,” Matt said. In the meantime the love-master was A wild scream of fear and anguish has patting White Fang and talking to him. tened them. “Tried to steal you, eh? And you "Bring a light!" Scott shouted, as he wouldn't have it! Well, well, he made a mistake, didn't he?" Matt followed with the lamp, and by its "Must 'a' thought he had hold of seven- light they saw a man lying on his back in teen devils," the dog-musher sniggered. the snow. His arms were folded, one above White Fang, still wrought up and brist- the other, across his face and throat. Thus ling, growled and growled, the hair slowly he was trying to shield himself from White lying down, the crooning note remote and Fang's teeth. And there was need for it. dim, but growing in his throat. sprang outside. (To be continued.) THE NAMES OF BIRDS BY C. WILLIAM BEEBE M ANY of our English names of birds comes from the root of spurn, meaning to have an unsuspected ancestry, kick or quiver; why we know not. exhibiting interesting changes Eagle, egle, aigle, aquia, take us to the through past years, romantic as well as Latin aquila, from a word meaning brown, historical. or dark colored. Pelican is from a Greek The word owl (or, as it was formerly ule) word with similar meaning, but also con- is derived from the Latin word ululaan fused with a term meaning woodpecker, owl. This was probably from the bird's which goes direct to a Sanskrit word, cry, and hence is remotely related to our paraçu, meaning a battle-axe. Pigeon (to word howl. Hawk comes from the root which widgeon is related) is from the Latin haf, meaning to take or seize. Cassowary pipio, a young chirping bird. Dove is is from kassuwaris, the Malay name of these obscure in its various spellings-duve, duſa, great birds. The droll-looking stork called due, dubo—but literally means a diver, per- jabiru traces his name to a South Ameri haps from the bobbing of the bird's head. can Indian word yábiru, meaning to blow Thrush and throstle (and even the Rus- out with wind, which has reference to the sian drodzu) are from the Latin turdus. bird's habit of distending the loose skin on Etymology throws no light upon lark and the neck. Robin is an old diminutive of tern, and the first meaning of loon from Robert, and parrot stands in the same loom, is forever lost to us. Grebe is from relation to the French word Pierrot krib or cribyn—a comb or crest. Trogon is Peter. Oriole is appropriately taken from Greek, meaning to gnaw or chew. the Latin aureolus, meaning golden. Mal Cockatoo harks back to the Hindoo lard, from male, was at first used to denote kakatua, from the bird's cry. The root of only the drake, or male, of that species of swan is a mystery, unless it was connected duck. Turtle, as used in turtle dove, is in some way with the Sanskrit svan and from the Latin turtur, the repetition being the Latin sonare—sound. Goose, gos, gas, supposed to resemble the cooing of a dove. gans (and Latin) anser, has its stem also in Curassow-properly Curaçao bird-takes gander and gannet. Goshawk is from a its name from the island north of Venezuela. wrong diminutive of goose. Fowl from Quail, through many and various spellings, fugl, flugl, meant originally to fly. Duck can be traced to quackel and other forms, is literally a ducker, one who ducks or derived from the note of the bird. Con dives. Grouse is from some such word as dor is from a Peruvian word, cuntur; and griesche, from the Latin griseus, meaning cormorant resolves into the Latin words gray. With partridge we must stop at the corvus marinus, literally a sea crow. Latin perdix. Egret has passed through such forms as The origin of ptarmigan is unknown, but egran and hiron, and thus merges into it should rightly be written tarmigan, the heron, which in turn has evolved from p having been added by some officious per- bigera, cregyr and other gutturals, given in son, who wrongly supposed the word to fancied imitation of the cry of the bird. be of Greek derivation. Pheasant is pure Shrike too, from the Icelandic shrikja, is so Greek, meaning the Phasian bird, that be- called from the harsh cry. ing the name of a river in Calchis along Many words are lost in antiquity. Thus whose banks the birds were numerous. we know that ibis goes back through the Plover is interestingly derived from the Greek tongue to the old Egyptian; but no Latin pluviarius, because these birds ap- one knows where the first Pharaoh got it. peared in Italy during the rainy season. As far back as legends reach, swallow, with The tragopans are well-named. These various spellings, signifies the long-winged beautiful birds have two fleshy horns on bird which we know so well. Sparrow the head; like those figured by the Greeks 717 718 The Outing Magazine on a satyr, hence Tragopan--the goat of kind of food they are supposed to prefer, Pan. The name turkey was founded on the sparrow and duck hawk, herring gull the misconception that these birds were and fish crow; and again, some character native of that country. Their Hindoo of the plumage may suggest a title, as bald name peru refers to their American origin. eagle, pintail duck and the rough-legged Snipe is from snipper or snapper-one nipper or snapper-one hawk, which has feathers instead of scales, who snaps up. Sanderling is a remarkable down to its toes. word, showing the use of two diminutives. Some birds have a different name in Crane is from Latin grus, by way of cranich, every part of the country. The green trana, garan, gerue. Jay, which in other heron is known as poke, chalkline (very languages is gayo and gaya, is so called apt) and even “fly up the creek.” The from its bright plumage. Crow is from common flicker is variously greeted as the same root as croak. Raven through yarrup, wickup, whicker, highholder, gold- raben, raaf, etc., like owl and crow, is from en-winged woodpecker, etc., from his notes, the guttural cry. Finch, formerly fink and habits or colors. pink, is from the call-note of the male Even the scientific names should interest English chaffinch. every one. There is a small, brownish owl, We notice that many names of birds are who is burdened—all unconsciously-with taken from the usual habitat or particular the rather long name of Speotyto cunicu- locality for which they show a preference, laria hypogæa. The Latin and Greek lan- such as the pine siskin, orchard oriole, guages are taught in all civilized nations, marsh hawk, Canada goose and tropic bird, and being thus an almost universal means skylark and night hawk. of communication, the name of a bird or We can form another list of names de animal in either of these languages would rived from the character of the songs or be comprehensible to any educated Eng- notes of birds — bob white, bobolink, lishman, German, Swede or Japanese. laughing thrush, screech owl, cuckoo, One can see that this little owl, just men- whooping crane and trumpeter swan. If tioned above, has three names, and these we attempted to note all those whose may be compared to the name John Henry colors suggested their names, our list Smith, if it is written Smith, Henry John. would be almost endless. There are the The first, or generic name (family it would goldfinch, silver pheasant, flamingo, from be called in the case of a human being) the French flamant-flaming; and the car tells something interesting about the bird. dinal, who truly merits his name, for he is It is from two Greek words--speos, a cave, indeed an animated mass of color. and tuto, a kind of owl. But as there are The "little chief” partridge is so called many Smiths, so there may be several cave because of the Indian headdress style of his owls, and we need a more definite title. crest; the catbird because of the mewing For this we use the Latin word cunicularia, character of his notes; the cowbird be- meaning a burrower, which teaches us that cause he is a close companion of those these birds are able to dig their own bur- bovines, freeing them from ticks and other Thus we have the Henry Smith troublesome insects; the snakebird is so part. But there happen to be two Henry denominated, not because he feeds on those Smiths in this family, which, however, live reptiles, but on account of the resemblance in different parts of the country and are which his head and neck bear to a water sufficiently distinct to deserve. individual snake when the bird is swimming with the names. The one which lives on the west- entire body submerged. The horned owl ern plains, which we may liken to John gets his name from two tufts of feathers on Henry Smith, has the third appellation, the head. The kingfisher merits his name, hypogæa, from a Greek word, bupogeios, for he is a past master in his profession. meaning underground; from which we A number of birds are named after per gather that the burrows of these owls are sons, such as Leadbeater's Cockatoo, Lady not in trees, but in the ground. The other Amherst Pheasant and Cooper's Hawk. species (let us say Roger Henry Smith) Still others have received names suggested lives in Florida, and so the Latin word by the character of the bill-grosbeak, floridana--of or inhabiting Florida—is very spoonbill and shoveler duck; or by the appropriate. rows. THE BUILDERS VII.-THE HEART OF THE BIG TIMBER COUNTRY BY RALPH D. PAINE PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR L UMBERING is the chief industry of they are marketing they are obtaining a that vast region bounded on the beggarly return. They are leaving the north by Alaska, on the south by ground a fire-swept, desolate waste. They California, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, are taking to themselves the whole of the and on the east by the Rocky Mountains. heritage intrusted to them. The sacred In this territory, known as the Pacific right of property is theirs, and they do as Northwest, nearly two hundred thousand they will with their own.” men are employed in cutting down the last The ancient woods of New England and primeval forests of this country, and slicing Michigan and Minnesota have been stripped these stately armies of spruce and fir and of their heavy growth by the logger; the cedar into five billion feet of lumber and white pine already belongs with the past, six billion shingles every year. and a country which has been wont to con- This prodigious activity has built up sider its natural resources inexhaustible cities and states and launched a mighty can foresee the end of its timber supply commerce. Its allied industries directly within the next century unless the forests support half a million people. This tim are replanted and cared for. It is very bered area is the richest natural treasure of hard for the American of this generation the American continent, compared with to realize that there can be any end to the which the gold mines of Alaska and Nevada wealth of the land and the forests and the are of picayune value for and for com mines which have done so much to make ing generations. It is so wonderfully rich this country what it is. a treasure that its owners are squander It is possible, however, to see American ing it like drunken spendthrifts. In these enterprise and headlong haste after quick mighty western forests a billion feet of returns attacking the “last stand of the lumber is wasted every year, enough to big timber” with an energy that is fairly build one hundred thousand comfortable infernal. A thousand mills, and fleets of American homes. steam and sail are waiting for this harvest, “Do these people ever think of the cen and yet it is tragic and almost pitiful to turies through which their harvest has been think that the future is being robbed of growing?” implores a western man with the great treasures for the sake of a little profit interests of his state at heart. “Does it in hand, and that a nation's birthright never occur to them that they are the being sold for a mess of pottage. trustees of a heritage for future generations It is characteristic of western men and to be guarded, cared for and watched, to methods that the ways of logging in the be used only as necessity requires or price east should have been flung aside as crude justifies, and not to be wantonly wasted or and slow. The giant timber of the Wash- destroyed, or disposed of without adequate ington forests on the slopes of the Cascades return? And how are they fulfilling their is not hauled by teams or rafted down trust? They are leaving half their crop in rivers. Steam has made of logging a busi- the woods to be burned, and for the half ness which devastates the woods with 719 720 The Outing Magazine incredible speed, system, and ardor. The and geared to every wheel, drivers and logging camps of the Cascades differ as trucks, so that when the shaft turned and strikingly from the lumbering centers of the gearing took hold, every wheel of this northern New England as the electric gold little giant bit hold of the rail, and pushed, dredgers of the Sacramento Valley contrast or held back with concentrated energy. with the placer diggings of the Forty Soon this lop-sided toiler towed us up niners. In other words, the greater the among the hills, away from the wreckage need of preserving the forests, the greater of the forest, and plunged into the green is the American ingenuity for turning them and towering vistas of Douglas fir and red into cash as fast as possible. cedar and fragrant spruce. Part of this The camp where I found these up-to tract had been cut over, and the refuse date lumbermen tearing the heart out of might have marked the trail of a cyclone. one of the noblest forests in America was But the “culls" left standing were majestic near the Sky komish River in Washington, in size. They had been passed by as not where this mountain stream winds through worth felling. Two months before I had the foothills of the western slopes of the been loafing along the Kennebec River, Cascade Range. We set out from Everett watching the tail end of the spring drive in the early morning and left the train at float down from the woods of northern a raw little town called Sultan. Beyond Maine. Alas, most of that harvest had the town was the wreckage of the forest, been sapling logs, toothpicks in size, for blackened patches where the fire had the pulp mills. The biggest of the tim- swept in the wake of the loggers, miles of ber logs of that Maine drive, looked like gaunt and melancholy trunks spared by kindlings compared with these neglected the axe to die in flame and smoke. Be- "culls" of the Washington forest. yond this devastated area rose the moun When the logging train trailed into the tains, still clothed with trees, far up to the virgin woods, the straight, clean trunks of rocky heights whose bare outline was standing timber were like the columns of a fleeced with snow and wreathed in mists wonderful cathedral. Their spreading tops and clouds. were more than two hundred feet in air, In a nearby clearing was the camp of the their branches clothed with moss like green lumbermen, a row of bunk-houses, a kitch velvet. Through their canopy of verdure en and a big dining-room. The buildings the sunlight sifted, far down to the dense were of sawed lumber because this material undergrowth of salmon-berry, tall ferns was easier to handle than logs, so that and other shrubs spreading in an almost there was nothing picturesque in this first impenetrable mass. Many of the trees glimpse of the Pacific lumberman at work. which made this splendid picture had been His settlement looked like the beginnings growing in their solitude for three or four of a frontier town. hundred years. Now they were doomed Past the camp ran a single-track railroad to be destroyed by puny, bustling, swear- which wound up through a gash in the ing men with saws and axes, assailants bold hills, twisting like a snake, climbing who were tapping at their grand butts like hills that would tire a pack train. It so many woodpeckers. Mingled with the spanned ravines on crazy wooden trestles, staccato tapping of the distant axes was and cut corners at impossible angles. No the "rasp-rasp" of the sawyers, gnawing civilized locomotive could be expected to their way through, in less than an hour, operate on this track, but presently a that which it had taken God Almighty squat, broad-shouldered dwarf of an engine to perfect since the time when Columbus scuttled down from the hills with a train found this continent of ours. load of logs behind it, and proceeded to Presently a spur or branch line zig- show how singularly adapted it was for the zagged off from the railroad. The squat work in hand. It was a deformed, one and laboring locomotive crawled along sided looking monster, built for power, not this side track, which was laid on top of for speed. The boiler was not hung over the ground with so little grading that the the center of its trucks, but sat well on the rails billowed up and down the hills. The starboard side. Instead of driving-rods, toot of the locomotive was answered by a shaft was geared along one side, cogged the scream of another whistle somewhere - - — A lumber camp in the Cascades. ahead, as if there were a bustling activity beyond the curtaining trees. The fore- man of the "outfit” was waiting to go to the end of the "spur," and he swung him- self aboard from a handy log alongside the track. He was a quiet young man with a frank gray eye, a square jaw and a fine pair of shoulders. He explained in reply to many questions: "I've got a gang of a hundred Irish, Swedes and Americans, and most of them get drunk whenever they get a chance. No, they aren't always easy to handle, but if you let little things worry you, you'll go crazy, so what's the use?' I was raised in Michigan logging camps, and this getting timber out by steam power is different. I had to learn the business all over again when I came out to the coast. We run these spurs off the main line about every fourteen hundred feet, two of them off each side, parallel, you understand. Then we log between the two spurs, giving us seven hundred foot haul either way to the flat cars. When we're through, we pull up our tracks and push ahead and then run the spurs off to left and right in the same fashion. If you've been used to seeing logging with ox teams and sleds, you'll have a chance to see some real live action when you've watched the donkey- engine at work.” His forecast most conservative. Logging by steam, as it is done in the was The logging railroad 722 The Outing Magazine 60 tumbling sea. No roads had been cut. It seemed impossible to move these great sections of trees to the railroad and thence to market. Teaming was out of the ques- tion in such a ruck as this. The only appliances in sight were the humble “donkey,” and the aimless wire- cable which led off into the general tangle of things. Closer inspection showed a signal rope which led from the whistle of the “donkey” off into the woods without visible destination. Some one out of vision yanked this six hundred feet of rope. The 'donkey” screamed a series of intelligent blasts. The engine clattered, the drums began to revolve and the wire cable which seemed to wind off to nowhere in particular grew taut. The "donkey" surged against its moorings, its massive sled began to rear and pitch as if it were striving to bury its nose in the earth. There was a startling uproar in the forest, wholly beyond seeing distance, It sounded as if trees were being pulled up by the roots. The "don- key” was puffing and tugging at its anchor- age as if it had suddenly undertaken to mind you. The foreman of the "gang." Cascades, is worth going many miles to see as a hair-raising spectacle. When the train toiled into a clearing, the donkey- engine stood near the track and the skid- way which led to the loading platform. It was a commonplace looking "donkey," although bigger than most of its breed which puff and strain on docks and at the foot of derricks. The boiler and engine were mounted on a massive timber sled, whose runners or underpinnings were two weighty logs. This timber raft had a blunt bow and a snub nose where the runners had been hewn away, like the front end of a New England “stone-boat." Stout guy-ropes ran to nearby trees, moor- ing the “donkey” as if it were an unruly kind of a beast. In front of the engine was a series of drums, wound round with wire cable which trailed off into the forest and vanished. The area across which these cables trailed was littered with windfalls, tall butts, sawed-off tops and branches, up- turned roots fifteen feet in air. Huge logs, cut in lengths of from twenty-five to forty feet, loomed amid this woodland wreckage like the backs of a school of whales in a The "husky" crew going to dinner on the flat-cars The Builders 723 ing off small trees as if they were twigs, leaping over obstacles, gouging a way for itself with terrific uproar. I waited until the log was within twenty feet of the loading platform, and then, ſear- ful that the "donkey" might forget to let go in the excitement of the moment, I moved rapidly away from the scene of ac- tion. The huge missile halted in its flight, and the masterful “donkey” had a breath- 'ing spell. It was time to wonder how they were going to load this unwieldy trute of a log on a flat car. One realized the girth and weight of it when the “chaser” followed it in, and branded it by stamping one end with a sledge hammer. As he stood by the butt of it, the top of the log was well above his head. Now the “head loader,” and "loader" assumed command. They deftly rigged slings of wire cable around the log, and the donkey engine was asked to give them a lift. The tireless "donkey" squatted back, made a wild lunge or two before settling in the traces, and the log began to roll over and over up the inclined skidway in the bight of these slings. A "bucker" at work. jerk out the side of the mountain. In a moment a log came hurtling out of the undergrowth nearly a thousand feet away. It was a section of tree six feet through, a diameter greater than the height of most men. It was forty feet long, and it must have weighed a large number of tons. It burst into sight as if it had wings, smashing and tearing its own pathway. The "donkey," was not merely dragging it at the end of a wire cable a quarter of a mile long. It was yanking it home hand over fist. The great log was coming so fast that when it fetched athwart a stump it pitched over it as if it were taking a hurdle. Then it became entangled with another whopper of a log, as big as itself. The two locked arms, they did not even hesitate, and both came lunging toward the “donkey” and the railroad. The “donkey” did not complain of this extra burden. It veered sidewise as if to get a fresh grip, reared a trifle more vi- ciously, coughed and grunted, and jerked t'e burden along with undiminished vigor. It is an awesome sight to see a log six feet through and forty feet long borinding to- ward you as if the devil wers in it, becak- In a timber-yard. The remarkable donkey-engine yanking the big timber through the woods The savage desolation in the lumberman's wake. heard afar. There is a vast, solemn groan made in the butt six or eight feet above ing sound, and then with the noise of ground, the "fallers” are at work, nibbling thunder the tree smites the ground, and at other great trees before the saws come the earth trembles. It is an impressive into play, for these trees are sawed, not spectacle for the layman who is not figur- chopped down, and the axe does only the ing how many feet of lumber this prostrate preliminary work. Twenty trees are felled monarch will yield. Nor does it cheer him every working day by the crew of "two to learn that one of these great trees is fallers” and one "under-cutter," twenty worth only fifty dollars to the logger, and trees together worth a thousand dollars as that when it reaches the mill it will be cut they fall. up into ten thousand feet of lumber. Fifty men work in each gang, and two When it is down, the “buckers" attack "yards” are being cleared at the same time, it. With one man on each end of a long so that a hundred men toil to keep the two and limber saw, the tree is soon cut into donkey-engines and the railroad spurs handy lengths, ready for the wire cable and busy. Between forty and fifty big trees the obstreperous donkey-engine. Perched come down in the day's work of the "out- high on their spring-boards set in notches fit." They are a strong and hustling lot "Washing up for dinner. - The "donkey" at work. of men. Logging by steam admits of no group on the swaying flat cars. Most of leisurely methods. The gangs are kept on the cars were piled high with logs, and the the jump to measure pace with the “don broad-shouldered, lop-sided little engine key" and the busy little railroad, and had to hold back with all its might to pre- profits are so small at best that no time vent the train from running away with it. can be wasted. The boss drives his crews, We slowed up at another “yard” where but he feeds and pays them well, and they a spur of track led to a loading platform. have no snow-bound winters to fight. Here an unwearied “donkey” was engaged When the day's work was over in the in its last task of the long day. It was "yards” we visited, the men came Nocking perched on the crest of a hill beyond which from the woods to board the train that was the cleared land pitched down to a shallow waiting to carry them down to the camp pond. Across the pond a trail opened at the foot of the hills. They were rough into the dense forest, a trail furrowed like and husky men, ready for a fight or a an irrigating ditch. Down the hill, through frolic, but the quiet young foreman with the pond, and along the furrowed ditch the gray eye and square jaw held their ran the wire cable, taut and humming as respectful attention whenever he joined a the "donkey” pulled it home. The "riggers" crew repairing cables. 727 728 The Outing Magazine It was a matter of minutes while we in the noblest wilderness left to the Ameri- waited and looked at the opening in the can nation. He has invested money in the woods. Then the log heaved in sight, ownership of timber lands. He is unwill- riding grandly through the shadows like a ing to let this investment lie idle. The sentient monster. It charged out of the only way in which he can get returns is by woods, hurling earth and stones before it. cutting timber, and he is not to be harshly On top of it stood a logger, swaying easily, blamed for wishing to realize on his invest- shifting his footing to meet the plunges of ment. He has been criminally wasteful his great beast, a dare-devil figure of a man and careless, and he is beginning to see the outlined against the sunset sky as the log folly of his ways. flew down hill. Before it dived into the His spirit of extravagance and contempt pond he made a flying leap, and tumbled for the future has been of a piece with the into the undergrowth with a yell of pure handling of the public domain, as if Uncle enjoyment. Then the log tore through the Sam and his people could never come to the pond amid a whirlwind of spray, and end of their rope. The demand for timber moved up the opposite slope to the end of is enormous, and the men who possess it its long journey. are average, hard-working Americans who Fully as heroic as the figure of the logger want to make a success of the business in on the riding home, was the man perched which their dollars and their industry are above the groaning drums of the donkey staked. engine. He handled his straining cables There is a class of sentimentalists who and machinery in a fashion to suggest the make outcry against all destruction of for- management of an elephant by means of ests, as if lumber could be made in a mill a walking stick. When the tooting signals and not from trees. Vast as is the produc- came to him that all was ready somewhere tion of the forests of the Pacific Northwest, out in the woods, he let the “haulback" the annual cut amounts in board measure unwind, and then tightened the pull on to only twice as much as the annual con- the big cable and made ready for action. sumption of timber for railroad ties alone When the signal came that meant "go in the United States. About two hundred ahead,” he threw his lever over, and a railroad ties is the average yield of forest hundred horse-power surged into being, per acre, and to replace the worn-out ties not by easy gradation, but with a fierce and and lay new track for one year, means the sudden jump. It was like starting a heavy stripping of one half million acres of Amer- train by throwing the throttle wide open. ican forest. Bridge timbers, telegraph It was taken for granted that everything poles, etc., swell this demand to a million would hold together, and, mirabile dictu, it acres of forest, cut down each year to did. And when the log moved, it was with maintain American railroads. And rail- the power of a hundred horses jumping into road ties are a small item in the total con- their collars as one and starting on the sumption of lumber. gallop. The most vivid impression of the One of the most hopeful signs of the day among the big timber was made by times is the changing attitude of the lum- the "donkey-engine" as used in modern bermen toward the science of forestry as logging. It (I was going to say "He") is fostered by the Federal Government. They an uproarious embodiment of the American are beginning to see that their industry is spirit in action, with no time for sentiment. doomed to an early extinction unless the The "donkey" recks not of the tragedy of wastage is checked and the forest is re- the big trees. It rolls up its sleeves and newed for future generations. And more proceeds to get results or break its back in than this, unless the forests are preserved, the attempt. vast tracts of fertile and prosperous Amer- In a hundred valleys of the Far West ica will become desert in the next century. and along a hundred hillsides the logger is This is a lesson taught by such countries tearing the forest to pieces by these twen as Tunis, now a part of the North African tieth century methods. He picks out the desert, which in old times was a smiling choicest timber for slaughter, leaves the and populous garden. An Arab chronicler remainder to be burned by the fires which relates that "in those days one could walk follow his crews, and is making desolation from Tunis to Tripoli in the shade.” The Where the timber is shot down the mountain. 730 The Outing Magazine It was a Arab conquest destroyed the forest, and the greatest benefactor of the state, and to the desert swept over the face of the land. the community in which he lived, who It is difficult to realize that all attempts slashed down the most forest and cleared to educate the present-day American in the the most land. There was no thought of value of forest preservation fly in the face the future value of timber. of the teachings of his immediate fore cumberer of the ground, like ledges of rock fathers. In an address delivered at the and the loose stones of the glacial drift. American Forest Congress last year, this The lumberman was not a devastator, but change of national viewpoint was put in a performed a useful function by removing striking manner. that which, as it stood, had little or no "No reasonable man would be disposed value." to denounce the early settlers of the tim The lumbermen of to-day, realizing that bered portions of North America for cut our grandfathers attacked the timber as an ting away the forests. Cleared land was enemy rather than a friend, are asking: necessary for the growing of food prod “How can I cut my timber now, and at ucts which were needed to sustain life. A the same time grow a new crop for future man with a family by a courageous enter supply?" The Forestry Bureau at Wash- prise, or by the force of circumstances, ington, under the notably efficient direction projected into the wilderness, would not of Gifford Pinchot and with the active co- hesitate to cut down and clear off the tree operation of President Roosevelt, is ready growth as rapidly as his strength permitted. to tell the lumberman how to face this Self-preservation is the first law of nature, problem, and better yet, offers to send its and the pioneers in our forest areas had to experts to show him, on the ground, how clear the land or starve. Moreover, in the to cut his timber to the best advantage for early period of settlement he was considered present needs and future use. The stump of a giant which has grown over a fallen tree three hundred years old, 732 The Outing Magazine noble red men. His presence was com a student at Hampton-Sidney college, his manding, his courage active and indomi father died. Robert Morris, the great table, his mind subtle, vigorous and acute. financier, who as director of the monetary His eloquence too abounded in picturesque affairs of the United Colonies had induced and striking imagery, and was all-persuasive some stability and order into the depre- in councils. With all the rest his judg- ciated and confused finances, and who, ment was cool and his fiery spirit under great after pledging his own large private for- control. No emergency ever clouded his tune to buy food and powder for Washing- understanding; only the strongest provo ton's little army, was allowed to die in cation could ruffle his temper, and it is poverty by an ungrateful republic, be- doubtful if there ever lived a greater master came young Harrison's guardian. He of dissimulation. brought his ward to Philadelphia and en- The various treaties by which the agents tered him as a student under the celebrated of the whites had taken from the childlike Dr. Rush. But medicine was not to the red men their land excited the fiery wrath boy's liking. He applied personally to of this great chief, and he set himself no Washington, his father's old friend, for less a task than the uniting of all the In service in the army, and the first President dian races, North and South, in a great con gave him an ensign's commission and much federacy, strangely like the Amphictyonic good advice. Harrison proceeded at once League of old, whose high priest should to his post at Fort Washington, near the be Olliwacheca, whose head chief should present site of Cincinnati; there he re- be Tecumseh, and whose purpose should be mained three years, and then joined the the utter annihilation of the whites. The army of Anthony Wayne in that hero's influence that this masterful savage pos campaign against the Indians. He was in sessed over the minds of the Indians was the great fight that so completely crushed strengthened and aided by that which The the savages, and served so valiantly that Prophet exercised over their emotions, and he won his commander's commendation. such was the vigor and secresy of their The dashing general indeed wrote of him plans, that almost before the western rep in the most eulogistic terms. “Lieutenant resentatives of the Government were aware Harrison," he said, "was in the foremost of any danger, a serious menace threatened front of the hottest battle. His person all the settlements west of the Alleghanies. was exposed from the commencement to But by a singular piece of good fortune the close of the action. Wherever duty it happened that the man for the emergency called him he hastened regardless of danger, was at hand. While the difficulties which and by his efforts and example contributed led to the shameful war of 1812 were fer as much to secure the fortunes of the day menting and British agents were practicing as any other officer subordinate to the those despicable arts which the duplicity Commander-in-Chief.” of Britain's statecraft more than encour His new renown and his chief's recom- aged so long as the republic was weak, a mendation now made Harrison a captain young man named William Henry Harri in the regular army and he was given com- son was appointed Governor of the Terri mand of Fort Washington. His energy tory of Indiana, which then comprised, be and capacity in his new post soon led to his sides the state of that name, all the territory appointment as secretary of the North- that is now embraced in Michigan, Illinois west Territory; and when three years and Wisconsin. later, at the beginning of the new century, The young governor was the son of that a division of the territory was made and Benjamin Harrison, a planter of Virginia, Ohio set off, because of his knowledge of who was a signer of the Declaration of In Western affairs and his enterprise he be- dependence, three times governor of his came governor of the remaining territory, native state, and chairman of the Con then called Indiana. gressional Board of War during the first He was but twenty-seven years of two years of the Revolution. Young Har this time, but was already looked upon by rison was born on his father's plantation the authorities at Washington as a man of on the James River, on the 9th of January, fine parts and more than ordinary ca- 1773. At the age of eighteen, while he was pacity. age at - Drawing by Stanley M. Arthurs. "The Prophet professed peace and asked for another 'talk.'" (Harrison and Tecumseh at Vincennes.) 734 The Outing Magazine “It was no accident that made William for that purpose, and should the United Henry Harrison the first Governor of In States be at war with any European na- diana Territory,” Theodore Roosevelt has tions who are known to the Indians, there said, and to those who believe in the direct would probably be a combination of more intervention of Providence, the sequence than nine-tenths of the Northwest tribes of events will amply justify the declara against us unless some means are made use tion. To appreciate the difficulties with of to conciliate them.” which he was surrounded would require Though opportunities of growing im- a chapter in history. But we may say that mensely rich, in the transfer from the In- the questions of slavery and Indian lands dians to the Government, and subsequently were the most important ones with which to settlers, of millions of acres, were Harri- he had to deal. Though it had been pro son's, his private fortune never profited. vided that slavery should never become an Moreover, he succeeded in bringing about institution of the territory north of the such a reform in the disposition of lands Ohio, yet the settlers from the slave states as allowed the poor man to buy in smaller were in the majority, and Harrison, him tracts than had been previously possible, self from a slaveholding family, gave his and even induced some of the more friendly aid to the various schemes for its establish tribes to build homes and practice a rude ment in some form. But as settlers from sort of agriculture. His success in open- the eastern states began to pour in and soon ing the lands restored his popularity, and formed a great majority, the popularity his fairness had won the favor of the most of the young governor from Virginia rapidly easterly tribes when in September, 1809, waned, and he soon lost the confidence of he concluded a treaty with the Miamis, those opposed to the extension of slave Kickapoos, Delawares and Pottawatomies, territory. But he was heart and soul with which greatly excited the wrath of Tecum- the best interests of those whom he gov seh. erned, and when satisfied that the domi That wily savage and his brother, The nant party were against bondage, he with Prophet, had by this time perfected a drew his influence from the pro-slavery league which bound together all the tribes faction. occupying land as far west and north as Upon one question, however, all the set the Mississippi and the boundaries of Can- tlers were in harmony, and that was the ada. Nor was there lacking much that acquisition of the numerous tracts of rich was laudable in Tecumseh's aim. He land which the Indians still held. There sought to rescue the Indians from the pollu- lay Harrison's chance to win back his lost tion of the white man's whiskey and de- prestige and popularity, and he eagerly basing morals, and from the wiles of cheat- seized it. From Washington he obtained ing traders. But he wished to restore leave to make such new treaties as he their primeval condition, and to that end deemed best for his new territory, and it is he discouraged agriculture and denounced greatly to his credit that he conducted all the sale of land. negotiations of purchase with a justice In the summer of 1808 The Prophet had and a fairness never before known, and dis established a village on the banks of the countenanced and punished all swindling Wabash near the mouth of Tippecanoe schemes of Government agents. He who Creek. Hither flocked warriors from all soon to so completely break their sav the western tribes to listen to his incanta- age power proved himself at this time an tions and prophecies. Here, too, Tecum- active friend of the Indians as against the seh harangued his allies, promising the unfair treatment of the whites. He re restoration of lands and the final disap- ported to Washington a long list of wrongs, pearance of the whites. Signs of unrest and in 1801 wrote with the spirit of proph now began to appear among all the tribes. ecy: “All these injuries the Indians have When the treaty of September, 1809, by hitherto borne with astonishing patience. which were alienated nearly three million But though they discover no disposition to acres of land in the basin of the Wabash, be- make war against the United States, I am came known to Tecumseh, his resentment confident tnat host of the tribes would knew no bounds. Signs of disturbance be- eagerly seize any favorable opportunity came more marked and the more westerly General Harrison, the Hero of Tippecanoe 735 settlers became greatly alarmed. Te teer riflemen from Kentucky. He united cumseh, it was rumored, had counseled with these a regiment of United States the killing of the chiefs that signed that regulars and marched at once to the neigh- treaty. Evidence of preparation for an borhood of The Prophet's village. Such outbreak on the part of the Indians was energy and celerity had not been looked not wanting, and soon it was discovered for. The Prophet was taken by surprise. that agents of the British Governor of He professed peace and asked for another Canada were supplying the tribes with “talk.” To this Harrison acceded. But arms and powder. By the summer of as an old Indian fighter who had been 1810 the more eastern tribes brought in trained in the school of Mad Anthony, he terpretations of The Prophet's ravings and took every precaution against treachery. soothsayings to Harrison. He was quick Nothing came of the parley. Again The to act, but tried to be just. He denounced Prophet professed amity; but Harrison The Prophet as an evil counselor and an insisted that the savages must at once dis- impostor to the neighboring Indians, and band. His army camped that night (Nov. arranged a “talk” with the two Indian 6, 1811) on an open plain about a mile brothers by which he sought to pacify from The Prophet's village. Everything them. At that interview the wily Tecum had been done by that chief to disarm seh declared himself the true friend of suspicion, but the soldiers were ordered to the governor and the nation. He wished sleep upon their arms. A little creek lay only, he said, the restoration of the lands in Harrison's rear; its banks were covered by the great chief at Washington. He with trees and thick bushes. In front ex- made a long and eloquent appeal, but tended a marshy prairie. It was a spot when Harrison in reply refused all his de well adapted for the methods of Indian mands, Tecumseh for once lost control of warfare, and Harrison was afterward much his temper. He threw aside his blanket, criticised by his political opponents for and at a sign his attending warriors lifted camping there. their tomahawks. Only Harrison's un A little before four o'clock on the morn- flinching nerve, coolness and bravery pre ing of the 7th, just as Harrison had ordered vented a massacre. Nothing came of the the soldiers to be aroused, the sentinel interview, and in the spring of 181 the nearest the creek fired. The report of his Indians began the stealing of horses and gun was answered by war whoops, the sav- the plundering of homes. Harrison sent ages came rushing upon the camp and the word to Tecumseh that unless this was im famous battle of Tippecanoe had begun. mediately stopped he should attack the It was still quite dark and the fires of the Indians with troops. But Tecumseh was camp aided the savages in their aim. The not yet ready for war. The Indians of the soldiers suffered heavily before the fires South had not been won over to his league. could be extinguished. There were signs Again he professed the greatest friendship, of wavering, but Harrison thundered his and then immediately with twenty war commands, steadied his men and seemed riors he hastened to the far South to invoke to be everywhere at once in the thick of the Creeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws. the fight. In many places there were hand But unfortunately for his own hopes he to hand conflicts, but the savages were left at a time when his restraining presence finally pushed back to cover. For two was needed. The war spirit of the braves hours the fight raged stubbornly - the had been aroused and outrages continued. troops suffering more than the Indians. In September, while Tecumseh was still But as daylight grew, Harrison ordered a away organizing his league in the South, bayonet charge into the timber and brush, Harrison received word that the settlement and the savages were thus driven from of Vincennes was greatly alarmed. Thou- As they fled they fell in great sands of braves from many tribes were re- numbers under the accurate fire of the ported to be at the village of The Prophet, Kentucky rifles, and soon the defeat be- and the war dance was thought to be on. came a rout decisive and thorough. Harrison hurried at once to Vincennes and Next day Harrison burned The Prophet's there gathered a respectable force of fron village and provisions and led his troops tiersmen, among whom were many volun back to Vincennes. They had suffered cover. 736 The Outing Magazine Had a severely, but the complete victory had warfare, conflagrations, tortures, massa- been worth the price. The tribes to the cres followed. Proctor, the British com- north and west had found The Prophet's mander, was a fiend in human shape who soothsayings and Tecumseh's promises made no effort to mitigate the ferocity of vain and visionary, and many fell away his red allies led by Tecumseh. Settlers from the league. But for Harrison's time were butchered, scalped, burned at the ly move, his vigilance, courage and fight- stake, without regard to age or sex. The ing qualities, the Indian Confederacy had malevolent Proctor even gave to the vio- been solidified, and a few months more lence and fury of the Indians one garrison would have arrayed all the tribes north and which had surrendered only on the pledge south against the United States and in aid of his protection. of the British in the war of 1812. In the desperate state of affairs all the commander less determined, active and West clamored for the Hero of Tippeca- brave been in the place of Harrison at noe, and Harrison was at length appointed Tippecanoe Creek, and defeat then ensued, Commander-in-Chief in that region, with the basin of the Ohio and upper Mississippi almost dictatorial powers, and with orders would in all probability have been de to protect the settlers and retake Detroit. populated. That vast stretch of country He was the idol of his brave but undisci- owes few men more than it owes the hero plined frontier troops. He shared with of Tippecanoe. the common soldiers all their fatigues, As a soldier he was not so brilliant as dangers, hardships and privations, and Wayne, and Tippecanoe was less skillfully toiled, starved and froze with them. All fought than Wayne's great battle with the his private baggage was carried in a small Indians. But it was a stubborn fight, its carpet sack. The General himself showed consequence was of equal import, and it that he was the veriest frontiersman. gave Harrison a more enduring fame and Space is denied us to follow this arduous popularity than Mad Anthony had won. campaign. Harrison fought at first with It was chiefly Tippecanoe that carried its varying success, but at length the British hero to the height of political position and were compelled to relinquish Detroit and power. all the conquered American territory. Tecumseh returned from the South, Commodore Perry's great victory on Lake where he had aroused the Creeks, to find Erie compelled them to retreat into Can- his long-cherished plans withered just as ada. Hither Harrison followed with eager- they were to ripen. Broken-hearted, but ness and celerity. Proctor and Tecumseh more full of hate than ever, he gathered awaited him in a strong position on the what warriors he could from the demoral banks of the Thames River not far from ized tribes and passed north into Canada, Lake St. Clair. Here was fought, on Oct. to become a British ally in the war of the 5, 1813, the bloody battle of the Thames. year following—the inglorious war of 1812. The British regulars, forming the enemy's As such, a short but stirring career awaited left, were drawn up in a thick wood on the him, a career that was to end on a field of river bank. The right flank was composed battle against the man who had ruined his of about 1,500 braves under Tecumseh, confederacy and his hopes. sheltered in and behind a swamp. It was The story of the war of 1812 is not in a battle front cleverly and strongly ar- spiriting reading to those who love their ranged, but Harrison formed his men skill- country. It is a history of mismanage- fully and attacked with vigor and without ment, incompetency, imbecility and the hesitation. At the critical moment Colonel bitter hate of political parties. In the Johnson, having obtained permission from West at first almost everything went wrong. Harrison, ordered the British forces charged General Hull, an antiquated officer of the with part of his mounted Kentuckians. Revolution, pusillanimously surrendered These fearless and hardy frontiersmen Detroit without firing a gun, and so lost dashed forward with such impetuosity that all Michigan and much of what is they drove the gunners from the enemy's Illinois and Indiana. The British and artillery and broke through both lines of their savage confederates overran the con the regulars and took Proctor's force in quered territory, and the horrors of Indian the rear. Attacked row on both sides, now General Harrison, the Hero of Tippecanoe 737 the British were thrown into great confu Anecdotes illustrative of his good-na- sion and almost all surrendered. Proctor, ture, courage and energy are still current their commander, in fear of having to in the regions to which he gave so many answer for his brutal massacres, fled in his of his best years. They tell how in his carriage, and when nearly overtaken by campaigns he would refuse comforts that the van of the American cavalry leaped from his men could not have, and how, as in the coach and escaped alone into the woods. moments of danger he was always the most Colonel Johnson in the meantime led the cool, so in moments of despair he was al- remaining Kentucky horsemen through ways the most cheerful. Once when the the swamp, dismounted them and attack horses had given out in a march through ing the Indians in the rear, drove them the forests, in a spirit of fun he had the out on the American firing line, where they troopers throw their saddles over the limbs were shot down in masses. The valiant of the trees, and mounting in their rocking and savage Tecumseh had no thought of seats give a mirthful broadsword exhibi- flight like the craven Proctor, but fought tion to the soldiers of how they were to furiously to the last. When the battle cleave the enemies' skulls. Again, once field was surveyed the great chief was when his little army was floundering in found shot through that heart that had the wooded swamps on the banks of the beat with so many high hopes a id so much Au Glaise, a black night suddenly fell with of bitter hate. To Johnsc : ard his Ken a drenching rain. No fires could be built, tuckians belongs chiefly the glory of a no shelter made, for the axes were with the victory which brought peace and quiet to baggage train in the rear; but the general the West. had one of the officers sing a favorite Hi- General Harrison was now one of the bernian song, and joined lustily with the most popular men in the whcle nation. soldiers in the refrain: His subsequent career is familiar to all "Night's the time for mirth and glee ; readers. Having no claim to brilliant Come, sing and dance and laugh with me.” genius, nor much book knowledge, he yet had great capacity and many talents, and He cultivated the friendliest spirit with all was known as a brave, liberal, honest, sin of his frontier soldiers, wore a buckskin cere, good and just man. He became dis- jacket, was the keenest of woodsmen and tinguished as an honorable and a useful in moments of leisure made real compan- statesman. As congressman and senator ions of his men. He would swing an axe, he was noted for his moderation, sagacity, hunt the deer or coon, and he shot with soundness and unimpeachable integrity. the best. the best. His homely, hardy ways won The campaign in which Harrison was their love as his daring stimulated their elected president and Tyler vice-president courage. For half a century he was the was one of the most active and exciting archetype of pioneers, as Lincoln came to that the nation ever passed through. be to the generation that came after. Even Those who lament the comparatively mod yet the magic word of "Tippecanoe" will erate rivalry between the political parties stir the reminiscences of many octogena- of to-day know nothing of the rancor and rians in the middle West. contempt with which Whigs and Demo President Harrison gathered around him crats of old regarded each other. one of the strongest cabinets ever formed, General Harrison was affectionately with Webster as its chief, and much was called “Old Tip” by his devoted followers; expected of his administration. But the their emblem was the log cabin in which old hero was worn out with hard work, and he had lived in the West, and their political just one month after his inauguration died slogan was, from his great Indian victory, on the 4th of April, 1841, in the sixty- "Tippecanoe and Tyler too.” eighth year of his age. THE SILVER FOX BY LAWRENCE MOTT W THEN the days were short and the and he laid on a few more boughs over his forest bare of leaves, when au one-man lean-to. Soon he was asleep and tumnal colors had gone, leaving the night passed on, cold and dismal. The brown trunks and the dark green of pines snow ceased and the wind came stronger and firs; when the caribou called hoarsely and stronger, shrilling in the hemlocks with on the barren lands and the beaver worked long-drawn sounds. By the first signs of to get in their winter supply, then Sebat light Sebat had his fire going again, and gathered the few steel traps he had, packed when the frugal breakfast was over he some food, his blanket and two shirts shouldered his load and went on. Late in around them, slung the whole on his axe the afternoon of the next day he stopped handle, tossed the bundle to his shoulder, suddenly, while passing through a musky picked up his carbine and started from Fort swamp. à la Corne for Lac le Rouge through the “Silvare fox?" and he got down on his wilderness. knees by a log that had fallen outward The day was dark and a raw wind mut from the timber. He searched the bark tered among the tall tops. keenly. “Hm!” he snorted as he traveled rapidly "Ha!" He carefully drew a long gray on. “Dat facteur Daniele he tink he h’ave hair from the rough edges. som’ting for not’ing. Ah goin' see dat “Ha-ha! by diable, dat wan nombair Murchee-son h’at le Rouge, mabbe so he wan silvaire fox," he muttered. “Dat mor' honorable.” feller mus' be leeven clos'. S'posin' ovaire Around windfalls, down ravines, up the dere een dat spleet rock, hein?" Then he rough river beaches, over low mountain answered his own questions. runs, past lakes and the dead water “Certain! Ah goin' get dat fine animal stretches of streams, he plodded on. leetle mor' late, w'en snow deep!" Always the wind mourned and the forest At dusk he reached the company's post was deserted save for a hurrying rabbit at Lac le Rouge. now and then and sometimes a fleeting “Bojou-bojou, Michele," he said, push- glimpse that he got of a caribou, its thud ing open the door of a little log house. ding feet rustling in the depths of frosted The man looked up startled. “Eh? leaves. He camped that night near the Ben dat you, Sebat! Ah tink you down Hudson Bay post at Green Lake, but he à la Corne." did not go in there because he knew that "Jus' so, but Ah no lak de facteur; Ah’m the factor was short of trappers and would comen' le Rouge for trappen' dees wintare; try to make him stay. for mek beeg lot monnaie, go see Annette "De troubl weet dees Compagnie,” he and dose petits Ah got,” and he chuckled. whispered as he boiled some tea by the “Par Dieu, you know Ah got seez! T'ree little fire, "ees dat les facteurs dey fighten' garcons, an' t'ree filles!" The other too much wan noddaire for mak' beeges' laughed. lot monnaie; d'Indians no get 'nough for Dat all ver' bon w'en you got strong h'eat an' die. Sacrée," he spoke aloud in han's for worrk; s'posen' you seeck, w'at his vehemence, “dey no goin' starrve Sebat, happen?" dat sure!” and he ate his supper. Tiny "Ah dun-no," Sebat answered, and his snowflakes dropped into the firelight as he face sank; then brightened, "Ah'm strrong finished. feller manee year yet!" "Snow? she come earlee dees saison,” Michele Poitrin lighted his pipe. 738 The Silver Fox 739 par Dieu!" "You get suppaire ef you want, hein?" lapping one another. Across from the They talked long, for they were old Post islands stood out black and lonely, friends; then Sebat went to the store. only their outlines visible in the darkness. "Bojou, M'sieu Murcheeson.” As the first signs of day came, pale green The factor, at his desk behind the coun and scarlet in the east, the Post was awake. ter, nodded, and Sebat glanced about the After breakfast Sebat went over to the whitewashed and raftered interior. store again. A few “outside" trappers, one or two “Geef me twent' pound flour, t'ree Canadians and a lot of Indians squatted pound tea, ten pound porrk an’ wan pound and stood round, talking in low, soft voices. salt!” The air was thick with the reek of pipes; The clerk weighed each article and put candles lighted the scene. the amount in his ledger. “Sebat Duval Murchison looked up: "What is't ye'r four dollars and twelve cents.” The voice wantin'?” was apathetic and dull. Sebat gazed at the little Scotchman from “How dat?" his towering height. “Those are our prices! Take it — or "Ah’m tinkin' mak' hunt for you dees leave it!” The big trapper started to push wintaire.” the food back, thought better of it and "Trapan' welcome,” Murchison chuckled; tucked the packages under his arms. then in a whisper to the clerk, “We'll have “You goin' see!” he called over his the grreatest lot o' skins ever come out the shoulder,“Ah’m no Indian for mak'starrve, deestrict this year! They're all flockin' to us." His subordinate acquiesced wearily The clerk paid no attention, and Sebat and continued to add rows of small figures went back to Michele's. that danced before his eyes as the candle “Ah'm goin' by Churcheel Riviere to- in front of him guttered and wavered. day," he said, packing his supplies and "D'ye want some grub?" outfit. “Ai-hai” (yes). Sebat walked over to “W'at for dere?” the counter and brought his fist down with Sebat looked about the yard. “Beeg a crackling thump. lot fur la bas,” he whispered “mabbe Ah "An' Ah wan' grub at de 'line' cost! get-den h'ave plent' monnaie, go home, Ha-ha! You see Sebat he know w'at de see Annette an' de leetle wans.' cost ees at de 'line,' an' w'at dey geef for “B’en, au’woir,” Michele called as Sebat: skeens dere aussi.” started, snowshoes, axe, traps, food, blan- The factor stared. The store was silent kets in a firm pack-load on his back, tump —then Murchison's eyes narrowed, but he line over his forehead. He waved his turned to his desk without further remark. hand, and disappeared among the hemlock, “H'm!” Sebat snorted again, and went on the lake trail. out. “Dat Murcheeson ees 'fraid h'of Every two hours or so he would rest, me!” he announced proudly, entering either propping his heavy load on a high- Michele's hut. fallen tree, or slipping it to the ground; “You bessis tak’ care h’of dat mans! then he would smoke, his eyes coursing He h'ave wan hearrt lak'-" Michele through the forest the while, noting every- took up a stone hammer and slammed it thing. He saw the shuffling, padded track on the floor—"dat." of a bear, and noted that the footprints Sebat laughed. “Ah don' tink he goin' were far apart. hurrt me!” and the two rolled up in their "He goin' fast, looken' for place sleep blankets on the little bough beds. wintaire,” he muttered. On a ridge he Outside, dogs yowled singly and in was crossing later he found a moose trail unison; the long-drawn wails echoing and leading to the river beyond; he followed re-echoing fainter and fainter in the silent it, and crossed the stream at a shallow forests. They listened to their own voices, ford. then yelped on. “De moose dey know w'ere good place,” The waters of the lake rolled noiselessly; he chuckled as he waded to his knees. sometimes breaking on the shingle with At noon the next day he reached the chill whisperings; then curling liquidly, spot he wished to camp on, at Churchill 740 The Outing Magazine River, and he soon had a strong lean-to on the white of the north and creating deep, built. black shadows. The following weeks were spent in setting As he slept there came a fox by the lean- traps, and collecting his fur, that was not to. It stopped, seeing the embers of the plentiful as luck seemed against him. Then fire, and stood there, motionless, head he had no more cartridges or food and he lifted, dainty pointed ears thrown forward went back to the Post. Michele was away inquiringly; its silvered coat reflecting the trapping; so were nearly all the Indians, light rays that crept through the spruce save for a few decrepit old men and squaws branches above. The fox sniffed high, that sewed moccasins and made snow then low and vanished noiselessly. shoes. “Hah! Fox, by gar!” Sebat said next He took his fur to the factor. Twelve morning when he started out to set his beaver, seven sable, three red fox, two traps, seeing the track. sable, one marten, five mink and eighteen All day he worked. Down by the frozen musk-rat. stream he put out three “steels,” cunningly “Eighteen dollars,” Murchison said hidden by snow that looked as if it had abruptly examining the skins. fallen naturally. This he did by gathering “Non!” Sebat shouted. "For’-five dol it on boughs, and tossing it in the air over laires!” the trap; the bait lay tempting on top. The Scotchman looked at him. In other places he put dead-falls for “Ye'r crazy, man,” he said quietly. marten and sable, and at the last took off “Mabbe Ah'm crazee, but you no get the tump line (that he used for a belt), dose skeens les dan w'at Ah say!” sprung down a sturdy young birch, and “Take 'em away then, and get out my fixed a noose on a caribou trail. As he store.” shuffled home, his snowshoes clinking "Ah wan' grub!" sharply, he talked aloud. “So that's it, is't? Ye want this and “Dat Murchee-son? Saprée, he wan that and t'other for naething! Get out, I voleur! He don' get my fur fur h'eighteen tell ye!" dollaires! B'en non!” Murchison kept three beaver and a mar The sound of his voice was deadened by ten, the best of the lot. the snow-laden branches. “That's for the grub ye got afore." Day after day he went to his traps, and “By diable, down h’at de 'line' dey always the same result—nothing. geef - Sometimes the bait was stolen (this was “I don't care what they give at the line! bad as he did not have any to spare); again I'm running this place, and what I say the traps were sprung, but no body was stands, d'ye hear?” between the sharp jaws. His food grew Sullenly Sebat took the other skins and lower and lower; then he ate but once a went away. day, saving his scanty supply. By dint of coaxing and threatening he "Mus' go back to-mor'," he whispered got a little flour here, some tea there, thus mournfully. A thought came. He took eking out enough food for a two weeks' off his fur cap. hunt. It was late; he slept that night in “Bon Dieu, dees pauv'r Sebat h’ave Michele's hut. The next morning the not'ing, onlee Annette an' seex child'en! ground was deep with snow; he put on the He wan' for go see dem, an' mus' catch dat caribou-thonged snowshoes and started for silvaire fox for to go dere.” Satisfied he the silver fox. slept. The way was long and slow, the traveling The morning dawned red and calm, with hard, and the cold bitter in its strength. the sting of frost and the silence of day- The white surfaces were indented by light. As soon as he could see, Sebat went tracks, even and stretching away somberly the mile to the musky swamp for the last into the depths of the trees. time. He looked, rubbed his eyes, and Sebat came at last to the muskeg swamp stared. A few yards from the timber edge and built his camp. He ate sparingly, was a dark body; attached to one of its then slepts by starts while another winter's hind legs a steel trap, chain and clog. night passed, the moon shining mystically “De silvaire fox!” he cried and ran out. 742 The Outing Magazine A sense of warmth, of unutterable com He dragged the fox to his face. The fur fort, came over him. felt warm and soft. "Ah'm tire','he whispered, as he felt the "Annette-Annette,” he murmured, "SO drowsiness creep on his giant irame; and manee, manee leetle childen!” he lay still. The snow fell seething on the still figure; “Ah mus' go, Ah mus' go!” he gasped, covering it lightly at first, then blending and tried to move; but the peace and its shape with the whiteness of every- luxurious rest his body felt was too great thing. Finally the place was level with and his brain could enforce no action. the rest. The wind shrieked spasmodi- “Ah’m goin' die heredie ici-jus' here cally and the white clouds tossed and alon'!” drifted. THE BUCCANEERS DRAKE AND THE "GOLDEN HIND" BY JOHN R. SPEARS FRONTISPIECE DRAWING BY N. C. WYETH T WHOSE who in these days have given repeated the voyage and gained fame-he particular attention to the doings was knighted for his success as a smug- of the buccaneers as related by gler. A third voyage was planned on a Joseph Esquemeling, are fully agreed with still greater scale. On this voyage went him in his statement that a chief inciting Francis Drake. The expedition included a cause of the ferocious raids on the Span- squadron of six vessels, whereof the Jesus iards was the very great success of Pierre of Lubeck, a ship of seven hundred tons, le Grand. But back of Pierre le Grand carried the flag. was a tale of strenuous adventure that had Having secured full cargoes of negroes come down from the preceding century,, on the coast of Africa the expedition sailed and which was told and retold in every to the Caribbean coast of South America, thatched hut and on every ship of the where at Rio de la Hacha and at Carta- region where the meat hunters and log- gena the slaves were sold at an enormous wood cutters were gathered together-the profit. But when the expedition was story of the luck of Sir Francis Drake, and homeward bound a storm drove the ships the gold and silver that he captured on the into the port of Vera Cruz, on the coast Isthmus of Panama and the South Sea. of Mexico. Then a Spanish squadron ar- Sir Francis began life as a common rived. The English ships were so located sailor, but a relative, Sir John Hawkins, that they might have kept the Spaniards who had also been a common sailor, had out of the harbor, but as a gale was blow- made a voyage to the African coast in ing, the Spaniards promised to allow the 1562, where he gathered a cargo of negro English to depart in peace, and the im- slaves whom he carried to the West In- periled squadron off shore was allowed to dies, and, eluding the officials, sold at an enter. But on finding themselves much immense profit to the Spanish planters. superior in force to the English the Span- Having thus acquired a fortune, Hawkins iards repudiated their agreement, and on 744 The Outing Magazine rones by the Spaniards because they were runaway slaves who could not be cap- tured) now undertook piloting the Eng- lishmen overland to Panama in order that they might learn when the pack-mule trains of treasure would leave for Nombre de Dios. So many of the Englishmen had been killed in battle or had died of disease that after a guard for the ships was pro- vided but eighteen men could be mustered for the overland expedition. Neverthe- less, with cheerful hearts the little band started forth and for seven days worked laboriously, hewing their way over forest- covered mountains and across tangled swamps. Finally as they neared the city they came to a large hill, on the crest of which grew a ceiba tree that towered high above the surrounding forest. Here they paused while Drake, at the suggestion of the negro guide, climbed up among the many clinging vines until he reached a limb where his view was unobstructed, and looking away to the south saw for the first time the waters of the South Sea. It was such a view as Vasco Nuñez de Balboa had when crossing the Isthmus from the Gulf of Darien, sixty years before, and, filled with a feeling he could not describe, Drake raised his hands toward heaven and begged Almighty God "to give him life and leave to sail an English ship in those seas.” After Drake descended from the tree a spy was sent into Panama, who learned that on that very night the treasurer of Lima was to leave Panama for Nombre de Dios with eight mules loaded with gold, five with silver and one with pearls and other jewels. Fortune seemed now within the grasp of the adventurers. Hastening to the twelve-foot trail that led across the Isthmus, Drake and his men hid in am- bush and waited till they heard the bells of the advancing mules. The watchers knew very well there was to be a train of these animals loaded with cheap mer- chandise in advance of the treasure train, but as these were passing the ambush, one, Robert Pike, rose up to look at a horseman who, with a page by his side, was riding along the trail. As an eye-witness said, Pike had “drunk too much Aqua-vita without water." A "Symeron discreetly endeavored to pull him down and lay upon him to prevent further discovery,” but the Englishmen had put their shirts over their coats to prevent mistakes when fighting at night, and the Spaniard "taking notice of one all in white, put spurs to his horse both to secure himself and give notice to others of the danger.” Seeing the Spaniard gallop away Drake and his men boldly attacked the train, but the guards made off with the treasure, and all they captured were a few hundred pounds of base metal hardly worth the trouble of carrying. Dashing down the trail Drake captured Cruces, a little village on the Chagres River, but gained nothing there, and was obliged to retreat to his ships empty-handed. Then fortune turned. As he cruised along the coast he fell in with a French ship, and it was agreed with her captain, that another attempt should be made to capture a treasure train. Twenty men from the Frenchman and fifteen under Drake accordingly landed and made their way to the neighborhood of Nombre de Dios. The “flota” was still in port, and the next day at dawn a train of one hun- dred and ninety mules was stopped in the road and looted. In the packs they found fifteen tons of silver and nearly as much of gold. The quantity was more than the company, including the negro guides, could carry, but most of the gold was taken away and placed on the ships, after which a party returned for the bullion that had been hidden in the brush. The Spaniards had made a pretty good search of the locality, but the party found thirteen bars of silver and several wedges of gold with which they returned to the ships. The expedition then returned home and reached Plymouth during the forenoon of Sunday, August 9, 1573. The people were all at church, but as the news of the arrival spread through the town everybody flocked down to the beach. The interest in an expedition that had returned home from the Spanish main was strong enough to overcome all conscientious scruples. It was not until 1577 that a new expe- dition was fitted out. Drake now had ample means, but he was willing to permit his friends to share in the expense of his more hazardous ventures. The fleet as fitted out numbered five, of which the Pelican was the flagship, and the Chris- topher, a vessel of fifteen tons, was the The Buccaneers 745 smallest. That men were found ready to Valparaiso had then a population of start on a voyage to the west coast of only nine families, but it afforded a wel- South America in a vessel of fifteen tons come store of provisions, and in the church is a fact that seems particularly memorable they found a silver chalice, two cruets and in these modern days of great ocean liners. a valuable altar cloth which they took and The total number of men in the fleet was gave to Chaplain Fletcher, the "sky pilot" one hundred and sixty-four. of the expedition. With his five little ships Drake left Ply Two incidents of the passage north of mouth on November 15, 1577, worked his Valparaiso gave the sailors memorable no- way down the coast of Africa, doing some tions of the riches of the region. Having little damage to Spanish fishermen on the constructed a small pinnace with which way, and then ran across to the coast of to explore shoal water, a landing was made South America. There they saw the na near Tarapaza, and a Spaniard was found tives and had a fight with them, in which asleep near the beach with thirteen bars one red man and two of Drake's company of silver beside him, “as if waiting their were killed. Mr. Doughty, who had been arrival." Having disposed of this silver a close friend of Drake, was beheaded the sailors went searching for water and “like a gentleman” at Port St. Julian for stumbled on a boy who was driving eight mutiny. On this coast, too, the prizes llamas. Each beast was burdened with were disposed of, and two of the original two bags presumably made of raw-hide, ships were broken up to make the fleet and in each bag they found fifty pounds more compact. Then they rounded the weight of silver, or eight hundred pounds Cape of the Virgins, little dreaming that all told. The finding of the silver on the the sands along that beach were full of beach and this train-load of bullion in gold, and entered the Strait of Magellan. charge of a mere boy (it was worth more It was a voyage of unalloyed wonder. than £2,000 in England, and yet it was They were the first Englishmen to pass that unguarded) impressed the sailors more way. Drake entered the strait on August than the capture of the gold in the ship at 24, 1578, and sailed out on the broad Pa Valparaiso. In no other country of the cific on September 6th-a most expeditious world were the precious metals guarded passage and in honor of his arrival there so carelessly as that. he renamed his ship the Golden Hind. At Arica two or three small vessels were Hind, in those days, was a term applied to rifled, and then they went in pursuit of a domestic servants, and Drake believed that treasure-ship of which they had heard. his ship was now to serve him well with But when they overtook her they found gold-and so she did. The Marigold, how that her crew had been warned and had ever, one of the smaller ships, foundered landed her bullion-eight hundred bars of in a gale. Then the captain of the Eliza- silver. At Callao, however, where a small beth, a ship that had been named in honor fleet of Spanish ships was plundered, Drake of the good queen, weakened, and against heard of another treasure-ship, the Caca- the protests of his men turned back and fuego, that was on the way to Panama, and sailed for home, leaving the stout-hearted he went in chase of her with such eager Drake alone on the great South Sea. haste that when the wind failed the boats The first prize was made on December were manned and the ship was towed 5th. In heading for Valparaiso they over along, ‘each man straining to reach the ran the bay, but an Indian taken on the golden goal.” coast piloted them back, and they found a In the meantime the presence of the ship in the harbor that was named the Golden Hind had alarmed the whole coast Grand Captain of the South Sea. It was an as far as she had come, though the authori- easy prize. The idea of an enemy sailing ties supposed that she was a Spanish ship into those waters had never entered the in the possession of mutineers. The Vice- Spanish mind, and she was unarmed. In roy, Don Francisco de Toledo, hearing that her hold Drake found 60,000 pesos of gold, the Golden Hind was at the port of Lima, and a gold peso was a coin worth $2.56. hastened there with two thousand men, In addition there were jewels, merchan and arrived in time to see her sailing away, dise and 1,770 jars of Chili wine. but nearly becalmed. Thereupon he filled 746 The Outing Magazine with men two vessels that Drake had sel was taken in which was found "a falcon neglected to destroy, and went in pursuit of finely wrought gold, in the breast of a fresh breeze having sprung up to help which a large emerald was set,” but the him on the way. Just before he arrived memorable prize of the voyage was the within range the Golden Hind caught the Cacafuego. Having thereafter searched for breeze and a most exciting race followed. and failed to find a northwest passage to But when leaving port the Spaniards had the Atlantic, Drake trimmed his sails for neglected to stow any provisions on their home by the way of the Philippines and ships, and hunger at last compelled them the Cape of Good Hope. He arrived at to abandon the chase. Plymouth on September 26th, or there- Eager for the Cacafuego, Drake carried abouts, 1580. On the 4th of April, 1581, all sail until in the neighborhood of Paita, Drake was knighted for his success, and where a pause of sufficient length was made that was the last event in his career of to capture a number of coasters, from which particular interest to the story of the some silver bars, eighty pounds weight of buccaneers, although he once more sailed gold and a gold crucifix set "with a good to the Spanish main, and died at last and ly and great emerald,” were found. One was buried at sea in a metal coffin just off prize also had a large quantity of ropes Puerto Bello. and other stores of the utmost use to The boucan makers and the logwood the Englishmen, because their ship needed cutters, as they sat in their thatched huts refitting. on the banks of the streams that. emptied Having learned here that the treasure into the Caribbean Sea, told how Drake ship was but two days ahead of him, Drake with two small vessels went to the Isth- now offered the gold chain that he usually mus of Panama and with twenty-five men wore as a prize to the first one to report landed and captured a treasure-train be- her, and at three o'clock in the afternoon hind Nombre de Dios from which he ob- of March 1, 1579, his brother John won the tained nearly fifteen tons of gold. It was chain. The Cacafuego was overhauled off a story that appealed to the French Cape San Francisco, and she was as easy woodsmen as well as to the English, for as the ship taken at Valparaiso. Her cap the French had outnumbered the English tain, a Biscayan named Juan de Anton, on when this gold was taken. They told seeing a ship in chase, hove to and awaited also, over and again, how Drake had sailed her, supposing that it was from the Viceroy the Golden Hind on the great South Sea, with important messages. But when he where silver was held so cheap that it was saw his error he made all sail, and although left lying around on the beach in bars as he had no guns, he fled until his mizzen- big as a man could carry, and was trans- mast was shot away and he was himself ported by the hundredweight around the wounded by an arrow. country with only a boy to drive the beasts From the Cacafuego Drake obtained of burden. Moreover it was a land of twenty-six tons of silver bars, thirteen many jewels. In the belief of these buc- chests of coined silver, and eighty pounds caneers the towns of the Spanish Ameri- avoirdupois of gold, besides many jewels. cas were rich beyond the dreams of ava- The story of the subsequent movements rice, and in some cases this belief was well of the Golden Hind may be briefly told founded. To add to the longing which the here because they had but little influence old tales of adventure created, came the on the buccaneers. Drake coasted along story of Pierre le Grand's marvelous suc- shore to the north, taking prizes here and That was an adventure worth while, there. The ancient chronicle, in one place, and what the buccaneers did when they speaks of coined money measured by the heard of it shall be told in the following bushel. On the coast of Nicaragua a ves chapters. cess. THE VIEW-POINT BY CASPAR WHITNEY HAVE returned from the Orinoco English and American 'varsity oarsmen River headwaters, and the Guaha have met at this distance; in 1869 Har- ribos Indians-a hostile people hostile people vard's plucky, though ill-prepared, four among whom no other man has yet ven was beaten six seconds by Oxford in 22 tured- just in time to steal space in minutes, 41 1-2 seconds. The crew Har- this issue for a few words. My trip vard sends this time will probably be the proved to be a severe but a most interest identical one that beat Yale, and there ing one of some three thousand miles, is every reason to believe the men will about eighteen hundred by canoe with paddle to the start September 8th pre- half of the paddling against the increas- pared to do themselves justice. ingly strong currents of rising rivers. I am strong in my belief that, barring Yet it was the “real thing,” and to me, accidents, Harvard will defeat Cambridge. therefore, fascinating and thoroughly en Since my first studies of English rowing, joyable, with more of incident than any I have always believed that an average wilderness journey I have ever made. Harvard, Yale or Cornell eight could beat I think its story will attract you when an average Oxford or Cambridge crew I tell it later. This was my fourth ex over a four-mile course, on any water. pedition into South America and the I believe that the American stroke, as fulfillment of my plan to ascend its great exhibited by any one of these three col- rivers; cross its ragged mountains and leges, is better at four miles. Also I its naked, shimmering plains; explore its think English rowing has been standing dense forests and its noisome swamps; still, if not retrograding, during the last and to seek acquaintance with the wild half dozen years, while American skill in life, human and otherwise, wherever and that time has been advancing. Unless whenever I found it. Returning, thus, my eyes have been playing me sad tricks to civilized life, I find San Francisco, of (and my jungle shooting recently has happy memory, all but obliterated from shown my right eye not to be above the map; the Grand Challenge Cup lost such baseness), English crews, judged by to England; Yale beaten by Harvard's their Henley performances of late years, equally good stroke and better crew; appear to think swing the beginning and and the decency of college baseball sur end and all of rowing. So there is swing rendered to the ruling commercial spirit at the expense of leg drive, at the ex- which is raiding our already too small pense of speed in the boat which does stock of sportsmen. not run between strokes as it did ten I shall have something to say next years ago. month in reply to the illogical, weak ex It will do English rowing good to get planation offered by the Brown faculty a jolt, and if all goes well in the prepara- in defence of its unexampled support of tory period, I think Harvard will just professionalism in college sport; some about supply that necessary shock. thing to say also of the coward's part Speaking of Henley recalls the lessons being played in collegiate athletic legis- of 1906, the scandalous action of the Ves- lation by Columbia and those others that per Club and crew, and the consequent are scrambling under cover because it resolutions of the Stewards. There is looks like rain! much I wish to write on these subjects, which must await more space next Harvard Good luck to the Harvard month; at this time only can I say, that will beat crew that will race Cam- Cambridge I sympathize with the English view of bridge over the serpentine, if Henley (though not entirely with its classic, Oxford-Cambridge Thames course expression), and ask that America be (four miles, three furlongs), September judged by Harvard, and not by the 8th! It will be the second time only that Vespers. 747 SCHOOL AND COLLEGE WORLD FOOTBALL FOR 1906 or FORWARD PASS IT The removal of this one restriction is of the committee finally chosen to not likely to encourage passing to any overhaul the game was made most deli notable extent, although it may keep cate and difficult by the bombardment the defense on the anxious seat. The of opinions from every quarter. One new rule is hedged about with "ifs'' and faction of excited college officials was “buts" that will make it a most hazard- for wiping out the game. Another ous play, to undertake. One forward ardently clamored for a game reduced pass is allowed on a play, provided the to the innocuous mildness of checkers ball does not touch the ground before croquet. The problem facing the being touched by a player of either side, men who had the game in hand was of and this forward pass may be made by saving its best features while trying to any man who was behind the line of eliminate the monotonous prevalence scrimmage when the ball was put in play. of massed plays in which beef had been But it may not be made to any man who steadily advancing in value, of pun was on the line of scrimmage, except the ishing brutal and unfair tactics, of de two men playing on the end, nor may the vising a more rigid supervision of the ball be passed over the rush line within contestants, and of giving variety to a a space of five yards on each side of the game which had become an exhausting point where it was put in play. If the and machine-like business wholly unfit ball touches the ground before touching for a campus pastime. a player, it goes to the opponents on the In endeavoring to steer a course through spot where the forward pass was made. vexed and troubled waters, the commit- tee was forced to work out experimental rules, some of them seemingly very com- plex, which must serve a probation, as This luckless “forward pass" seems to it were, until they are tried out. To have been almost smothered to death the average follower of football, the main under a burden of restrictions. It makes issue seemed to be the weakening of the an impressive show on paper, and be- defense along with the opening up of tokens that the legislators were not try- the play by forcing more varied offensive ing to save gray matter. Otherwise it tactics. does not appear to amount to much, and It should be noted, in the first place, the average coach will be no more eager that the defensive play has been weakened to take chances with it than if it were a only by indirect" legislation. That is, loaded bomb until it has been thoroughly the coach or captain is free to arrange tried out in matches. his first and second lines of defense as Far more important is the rule of the he did last year. The rules say noth "on side kick." This will cause gray ing about what positions the line-men hairs in the luxuriant thatch of many a or backs must take on the defensive. player on the defense. When a punted The committee met this part of the prob ball strikes the ground, it puts all the lem by making it necessary for the coach men of the kicker's team "on side." to draw his defense away to guard against W. T. Reid, Jr., of Harvard, secretary of a new assortment of dangers in the in the Intercollegiate Rules Committee, creased variety of attack. believes that this is the most important For example, the taboo has been lifted bit of legislation enacted toward weaken- from the forward pass, against which the ing the defense. He has said that “since defense will have to cock a most vigilant there will be less resistance in the rush eye. But the rule-makers have tied line, due to the enforced scattering of strings to this forward pass, until its the defensive backs (which must occur, value is very dubious. All the traditions if a defense is to be made against the of the American game demand that a 'on side kick'), the offense will not be so man hold onto the ball with the per readily checked as it has been, and will sistency of death and taxes. Passing the therefore not invite the smashing col- ball from one hard-pressed runner lisions which have resulted in injuries, another has been beautifully perfected and in keeping the game too much one of in English football, but the American mass plays.' rules have made possession of the ball Expert knowledge is not needed to per- nine points of the law, and passing, has ceive that if whenever a punted ball is been neglected even though it has been not cleanly caught by an opposing back, always permissible, except in the direction the attacking team is allowed to swoop of the opposing goal line. down after it and nail it on the instant, to 748 750 The Outing Magazine noses across two half-backs and the full-back, if they a kick will cost the brutal player his are of the heavy-weight description now place in the game. popular, can be drilled for effective tan “The neutral zone" of the scrimmage dem formations without using a heavy line was devised for the purpose of lessen- rush-line man. Whether such formations ing the rough clash of the rushers, and for can gain ten yards in three downs is checking off-side play. The center-rush another question. By requiring any of is compelled to place the ball with its the five men in the middle of the line long axis at right angles to the line. The to stand five yards back when they are line of scrimmage for each side is an shifted to kick, and by keeping the "out imaginary meridian running through its side end men " close to the line, the ma ends of the ball. This leaves a path as jority of the committee believe they have wide as the ball is long between the two checked mass play as effectively as if swaying lines of warriors. They are they had made the cast-iron law that not supposed to punch each other's seven men must be always in the line. this impalpable barrier, With six as the minimum number, room and it is expected that they will respect is left for considerable shifting about, the imaginative “neutral' zone,” and thus enabling the coaches to employ thereby avoid the shock of collision until their versatility. the ball is passed. In past years it has “It has been the general principle of been a burdensome official task to detect the Rules Committee," says Mr. "Reid, off-side play. It may prove doubly "in dealing with the question of the hard to keep inviolate the phantom changes of the rules to try to see how boundaries of a streak of atmosphere. the defense might be strengthened, and However, it is a brave and hopeful sign the offense weakened without saying to that the rules committee dared to ex- either ‘You must stand here, or you there, periment. The trouble with the original or you somewhere else.'" committee, which found its task too big Áfter all the bewildering argument of for it, was its idea that the game was such the past year, the essential changes in the an intricate piece of mechanism that it tactical rules of the game are not numer could not be overhauled without smashing ous, when stripped of technical verbiage. the whole works. Nevertheless, they are bound to alter the The spectator will welcome a rule that game in radical fashion. We have an allows a captain to ask for time only offense which is encouraged to play an thrice in one "half” without a penalty. open game and to place less value on If he asks for any more delays in order possession of the ball. It has that the bottle-holders may rush on the favorable opportunity to gain ground field and then rush off again, it will cost by punting, by runs around the ends, and his side two yards each time unless a play- by passing, it must vary its tactics er is removed from the game. The or lose the ball on downs, for no offense actual playing time has been shortened will be good enough to drive a strong by ten minutes, five minutes in each half, team half the length of the field by sim which will be thirty minutes long. It ply rushing tactics. Both sides will run is hard to realize that a few years ago greater risks of losing the ball or losing the playing time was an hour and a half. distance by penalties for unfair play. It has been cut down by one-third, so The additional penalties and the man that, with penalties against unreasonable ner of their enforcement will have much delay, one may, hope to see a game to do with the fortunes of hard-fought finished well inside two hours. games. This year there will be an extra umpire, making three officials, with an imposing POUL PLAY list of pains and punishments at their command. A sub-committee was appoint- To the existing definitions of foul play ed for the purpose of outlining a plan for have been added, not only low tackling the appointment and government of of- and hurdling, but also tripping “by ob ficials on a basis of national scope. This structing a player below his knee with committee decided merely to offer its ser- the foot or leg, striking a runner in the vices to such institutions as desired cap- face with the heel of the hand, and strik able officials, and in order to exercise a ing with locked hands in breaking kind of supervision in the selection and through." recommendation of referees and umpires, For willful misuse of the fist, knee, the country was divided into four sec- hand or elbow, disqualification and the tions: the New England States, the Mid- loss of half the distance to the goal line dle States, the Atlantic States and the is the stiff penalty; Suspension from the Middle Western States. Because there game is prescribed for abusive or insult is no national governing body to control ing language. A clause is added inflict college football, the committee was forced ing a loss of fifteen yards for acts mani to abandon the plan to provide proper festly unfair, but not provided for in the compensation for officials and to regulate rules. "Roughing" the full-back after the same. more THE MODERN BETTING RING BY WILF. P. POND THE WINNING CHANCES WHAT could be accomplished to the full, the book was termed “round," and the bookmaker HAT chance has the modern visitor stood to win something, little or much, no to the race course to "make good" matter what horse won. With the wiping against the bookmaker? Engrossing query, out of poolrooms, overnight betting, etc., capable of but one-possibly unexpected the possible speculative time on each race answer: In exact proportion to the indi was reduced to about fifteen minutes at the vidual expert technical knowledge." track, ostensibly and officially one half Every one seems to imagine the matter hour. Then commences a really wonder- of racing speculation is an amusement; ful piece of work, for which no adequate something that every person can approach name suggests itself. It is thought trans- without previous experience, as with tennis, ference, electro-biology, half a dozen such golf, etc. Of the thousands who each things, welded into one bewildering mental year make few, or many, visits to the race influence which can be only faintly out- courses there is not probably ten per cent. lined, but which, in its full effect, is respon- who approach the bookmaker with even sible for nine-tenths of the havoc the book- the first rudiments of a business method. maker of to-day works upon the punting The bookmaker is strict business from his public. head to his feet. There is not a move he The prices of the bookmaker are still the does not know. There is about sixty per old ones, but are simply symbols; percent- cent. in his favor when the first transaction age no longer cuts any valuable figures, ex- is consummated, as against about forty per cept in preventing the public from taking cent. in favor of the visiting punter. advantage of any unscientific scale, which, Practically no handicapper (a much mis however, is practically an impossibility and used term, but we have none other to cover need not be dwelt on, further than to the point) can reasonably expect to select emphasize that no straw which might favor more than forty per cent. of winners. The the public is beneath the attention of sixty per cent. of losers therefore naturally the business bookmaker. The "odds" or accrue to the favor, and the advantage, of prices, are made by one man, and, until he the bookmaker. This is the status of the calls them aloud the others sit around, im- punter if he understands the actual busi perturbable, stolid as the Sphinx, while the ness surroundings of the ring equally as expectant public fumes, and frets, at the well as does the expert bookmaker. It delay, the individual and the composite may safely be said that not one punter (i.e., nerves jangling like mute bells-actual he who backs a horse to win) in five hun vibration, but inaudible. When the first dred does thus understand the ring and price is called there is a rush, a scurry, its methods! every one trying to hear. Few can do so. Added to this the punter must make his Others crane over more fortunate men's bet, and stand or fall by it. His scale of shoulders, and endeavor to tabulate on operation, even if it be a $500 wager, is their own card. Half of these prove incor- too small for manipulation. The book rect, and a new rush is made to verify, or to maker, with a normal book of from $2,000 find more advantageous quotations. As a risk upwards on each race, is differently rule the people doing the more infinitesimal situated. If he changes his opinion con wagering are those most highly excited, cerning any horse, if he thinks he has made most determined co catch every varying a mistake or taken an undue risk, he can detail. easily “hedge,” or lay off, by backing the horse to win, thus neutralizing that item of “WISE MONEY" risk. The punter could do the same by “laying against ” the horse he had pre The ring is in a palpable whirl of sup- viously “backed,” but he has no facilities. pressed excitement. The more steady and The average bookmaker would not bother conservative men are tossed hither and with his small account. thither like chips on a mountain stream by The modern scientific bookmaker no the rest of the public, and by the wardmen longer works along the time-honored (i.e., messengers) of the bookmakers, who methods. In the old days it was simply a push hurriedly to and fro across and across question of framing a scientific scale of the ring, with scant ceremony or considera- prices, on percentage, for a given race, tion for others. The antagonizing mental taking in so much money overnight, so currents are akin to those of the Stock Ex- much more later at the course, and en change, but wider spread, more violent, deavoring to get certain specified amounts and more erratic in the swings of the price bet on each horse in the book. Where this pendulum. 19 751 752 The Outing Magazine The rumors from trainers, jockeys, friends of the stable, add to the swirling vortex, which is augmented by the appear- ance of the “wise money,' this coming from the punters, who are supposed to “know” a little more than any one else. These men bet larg sums varying from $2,000 to $10,000 and are supposed to make princely incomes by so doing. I say supposed! Look through the list of plung- ers of even five years ago, men whose names were in every one's mouth, and with the exception of the deceased “Pittsburgh Phil” what is the individual bank account? "Phil” succeeded by curious methods which may be treated at some future time. The bookmaker fully understands the value of this conflicting mental swirl inas- much as it upsets and negatives the indi- vidual calmer judgment, or, in the vernacu- lar of the turf, causes him to "switch" from a preconceived horse with a chance to win according to his individual ideas, to another horse of which he knows nothing but rumor. This departure from the one beaten track of each individual is just as fatal in racing as in any other business, and all hope of success lies in the steady con- tinuity of effort, along any given line of reasonably successful formation. Take the bookmaker as an instance, sitting day by day, letting the public make selections, and steadfastly wagering him the said selections will not win, certain that he has sixty per cent. in his favor at the start. Realizing this the bookmaker spares no effort to augment the swirl. Hence the clever delay in the announcement of the prices, the constant rush of the messengers, and the intermittent and startling varia- tions of prices in the individual book. No matter whether the individual bookmaker has done any business on that particular horse or not, he varies the prices in obedi- ence to the index of the figure head, thus keeping up the guessing hurrah. Ninety per cent of the wild rumors as to the *trials," the condition, the chances, of cer- tain horses in each race have their genesis with the bookmakers, who know that nearly every man, even those of long years of experience, is looking for information." The result is easy to imagine. Swayed by rumor, that which he thought good be- comes questionable, that which he thought bad may be good to-day.” So, from time to time, wild rushes are precipitated. Where from, no one knows. There comes an apparent plunge on two or three horses no one thought seriously of. The prices are “cut” from 50-1 to 10-1, some one starts a whisper “from the stable, and the weaker of the visitors are hooked. Take up any tabulated chart, of any day's racing, and note the long shot horses played down, which finished nowhere. One can never find a central figure for such a vortex. “Stables” do not put their money down that way. It is to the interest of the stable, equally with the interest of the bookmaker, to keep any such legitimate transaction as much from the notice of the public as possible. Another phase is when the bookmaker places, say, 3-1 on his slate and declines to take in any cash. He does not vary the price, because he does not wish the expect- ant public to know the horse has been played “off the boards." He wishes them to still rush to their own selections, or to the false rumors, but the 3-1 horse as a rule wins. This trick has another angle at the opening of prices, when, say, 4-1 is marked up at once. Wager after wager is declined or ignored, and if a punter insists, he is scolded well, as only a bookmaker can "scold.” As a last resource the book- maker wipes out the price saying, “Don't want any," watches the punter go else- where in a mad rush, and calmly marks the 4-1 again. Next morning the public reads the starting price was 4-1. One day when the peerless Sysonby was 1-20 (put up twenty dollars to win one dollar) a well- known heavy better approached a promi- nent bookmaker and wanted to wager $2,000 to win $100. The bookmaker said, curtly: “See here, if you want to rob me of $100, go to the cashier, collect now; otherwise don't bother me!" A clever specialty worked some years ago, stopped in its most flagrant form, but still occasionally giving signs of life, was a prominent plunger, at times interested in a book, who would go round the ring per- sonally saying to each layer, "$500 on Bunco," mentioning the name of his horse. Bookmaker after bookmaker called his name, and the amount of the wager, aloud, cutting the price of the horse as at a legi- timate transaction. The public “followed the wise money," rushed in shoals to get some of the "good thing,” backing, the same horse to win. Sometimes it did, at very short odds. Sometimes it did not, at longer odds, and slowly it was grasped as an ethical, but not a provable fact that most of the large wagers had been “wind" -in other words made in serious, business fun. He neither collected, nor paid, but the cash which followed the "wise money was clear profit. Occasionally to-day one can almost imagine that one sees the slime of that old, familiar snake. “STABLE MONEY" Most visitors have a general idea of what price their favored horse should be, and are very sensitive on this point. Say the punter expects 4-1. The bookmaker has 7-5, and the punter weakens. He does not take it as an indorsement of his judg- ment, strange as this may seem. Nine- tenths will not “like the price,” and think something is wrong. The ,7-5 slowly changes to 8-5, 2-1, 3--1, and 18-5, and by this time no conceivable power could make that man play that horse. “Stable money” may come in, the price may fall Making the Country Home 755 COW-manure. shrub and perennial is completely bridged they give a jumble of colors, some of which over; by their use, we can extend the sea may not be in harmony with others. son of the garden's beauty at least a month; In planting lilies, it is well to put a hand- they are of the easiest culture, and, once ful of clear sand about each bulb. Set established, they are good for an indefinite them seven or eight inches deep, and pro- period with but very little attention. tect well with leaves or litter in fall. If Every third year it may be well to take not protected, the expansion which takes them up and separate the young bulbs, place in the soil because of the action of which form about the old ones, from the frost on the moisture in it will tear loose the clump, for immediate replanting, throw roots of the bulbs, and sometimes heave ing out the older ones, which, by that them nearly out of the ground. This is time, will probably have outlived their prevented by covering as advised. usefulness. It is important that bulbs should be put REMOVING PEONIES into the ground as soon as possible, that working roots for next spring's need may Peonies can be set this month and next be formed before the coming of winter. to better advantage than in spring. We It is a mistake to delay planting them until have no finer hardy, herbaceous plant. October and November, for a late-planted Every garden should have a collection of bulb cannot complete the work which at least a dozen of the most distinct varie- should be done this season; therefore it will ties. The magnificent display of color have to do double duty next spring, at the which such a collection is capable of making time when all its energies ought to be con brings this plant into rivalry with the rose. centrated on the development of flowers. On some accounts it is a better plant for the Order your bulbs as soon as the fall cata amateur, as its culture is of the easiest, and logues of the florists come to hand, and as it is entirely hardy. It likes a rather soon as your order is sent off begin to pre heavy soil, made very rich with old, rotten pare the beds for them. It is highly im- If old plants are to be portant that they should be planted as divided, cut the clumps apart with a sharp soon as possible after being received, for ex spade, and make no effort to separate the posure to light and air injures a bulb more tubers, which are likely to be so entangled than almost anything else. that this cannot be satisfactorily. done. The best location for bulbs is one that Disturb the roots as little as possible in has perfect natural drainage. No bulb removal. Cutting some of them in two will do well in a soil retentive of moisture will do less harm than loosening all of them late in spring. If you have no place for in an effort to save them all. them that has good natural drainage, ar- range for an artificial system by excavating the soil to the depth of a foot and a half, and filling in at the bottom with coarse Shrubs and hardy perennials which have gravel or other material not likely to decay, completed and ripened off their annual to the depth of four or five inches. This growth can be transplanted now. In do- will allow surplus moisture to drain out of ing this, be careful of their roots. Pull the soil above, and insure the plants against them gently out of the soil, after having stagnant water at their roots. loosened it with the spade. Save all the Work the soil over until it is fine and little, fine ones that you can, as these are mellow. Make it very rich by the gener the feeders upon which the plants will de- ous use of cow-manure which is thoroughly pend for nourishment until new ones can decomposed, or, in case this is not obtain be sent out. Make the holes for the plants able, fine bone meal in the proportion of a large enough to allow of spreading out as pound and a half to a yard square of sur naturally as possible every root that ex- face. tends beyond the central ball of earth. Set large bulbs, like hyacinth, tulip and Fill in about them with fine soil, liberally narcissus, about four inches deep and six fertilized, making it firm by pressure of the inches apart. Smaller ones, like crocus, foot or watering. It is well to cut away a scilla and snowdrop, should be put about good deal of the old branches, in the case three inches below the surface. These are of shrubs. Remove all weak wood, and most effective when planted in groups of aim to leave the youngest and strongest two or three dozens, preferably in the portion of the plant. grass along the paths. Perennials which have been given no Before freezing weather sets in, cover all attention for two or three years will be newly-planted bulbs with litter from the benefited by division of the old clump. barnyard, or leaves, to the depth of eight Reject all parts which have not strong and or ten inches. If leaves are used, put ever healthy roots. green boughs or wire netting over them to Young plants of hollyhock, delphinium, prevent their being blown away. and other perennials and biennials grown If special colors are desired, it will be from seed sown at midsummer, should now necessary to order ned varieties. Mixed be transplanted to the places where they collections cost less, but they are never as are to bloom. satisfactory as the named 'sorts because Dahlias, cosmos, and tuberoses, which SHRUBS AND PERENNIALS HOW TO APPOINT YOUR VEHICLES BY F. M. WARE THE "HERE was a period in American horse seemed that such matters were less mate- driving development when the fad for rial to the point at issue than many others so-called 'correct appointments” raged regularly ignored, and that the tail was furiously, contagiously, and persistently. wagging the dog with great persistence. From its very virulence it went near to Surely there is much beyond the mere damaging the cause it strove to advance. trimming to a dress; certainly the best Fortunately the fever has now run its tailor cannot “smarten one who has not course, in most cases, and its outbreaks are the figure to adorn, nor the taste to properly assuming a milder and more controllable don; verily the air, the grace, the harmoni- form. As after typhoid the general health ous ensemble is ninety per cent. of the is better, so, after the equipment fancy had whole—nor can any incongruities, or ab- run its riotous length, the fashionable surdities of attire totally disfigure one pos- world found itself turned out in a style, and sessing these attributes. Successful ap- with a universal excellence and quietness pointment, like aptly-defined genius, calls of taste which it had never before known. for a capacity for taking infinite pains, but The gaudy, the bizarre, and the incongru not along the mere selection of carriages ous, were side-tracked in favor of quiet and harness—your tradesmen are absolute- elegance, appropriateness and inconspicu ly competent to attend to that, and it is the ousness, and indeed so thoroughly have we height of folly for you to dictate to them thus experienced change of heart that our beyond the details of trimming, choice of vehicles are apt to present a tedious same metals (silver or brass), and variety and ness, which is rather depressing than other extent of ornamentation. wise; and most confusing, as preventing means of easy identification. CRESTS, BADGES, AND MONOGRAMS To horse shows and their appointment classes we owe all that we have in the way The first solecism one is likely to commit of proper equipage, and the winnowing of is in the matter of crests, badges or mon- the extreme fashions once in vogue has ograms. America is a republic, and while left us, so far as concern the mere details some few of us are warranted in displaying of carriages, harnesses, etc., undoubtedly a crest, the moiety is so insignificant, that the best equipped nation on earth; nor do it always seems to savor of conspicuousness the manufacturers of any other countries and bad taste to thus blazon the fact. The approach us in the lightness, the strength vulgarity of those who use them with no and the beauty of these fabrics. To-day warrant whatever is obvious. The less one has only to go to a fashionable pur pretentious badge is so purely a personal veyor of these commodities, explain one's emblem that it may be even less noticeable wants, and forthwith be equipped in styles and in better taste than the monogram, so absolutely correct that neither the which may defy graceful manipulation, and genuine expert, nor the fad-founded dilet with certain combinations of letters, prove tante can discover aught at which to cavil. almost disfiguring. The single initial letter Personal eccentricity of taste has nowa is unobtrusive, and at least affords some days slight latitude, and its fantastic out slight means of identification, as none of the breaks are but rarely illustrated. In the other emblems do. The cockades, infre- beginning, however, the opposite was true, quently worn by the servants of retired or and show judges changed their require- active government officials, however ap- ments so rapidly, frequently, and arbitrar propriate and even necessary in other coun- ily that neither manufacturers, exhibitors, tries, are hardly in the best of taste in nor general public could keep pace with America. their sudden shifts of opinion –especially The colors of carriages and of liveries when it was generally known that the offer so little choice that the result is rather equipages of these functionaries were by prosaic. Bar black, blue, green, and no means arrayed along the lines which, maroon, and we reach a halt; nor do the officially, they insisted upon in the case of "invisible" shades of blue and green differ others! so greatly from black that the color is ob- Grave and weighty as have been the vious. Faint stripings are used at times discussions anent curves or angles, dark or with excellent effect upon the wheels and bright colors; clips here, rivets there, and under-carriages, but of course should not stitching yonder; and satisfactory as has approach in variety and brilliance the colors been the final outcome, it has always in vogue for "sporting vehicles” which are, 757 758 The Outing Magazine ness. as a rule, very smart, and very “personal," tight (this is nearly universal); pads too so to speak. A dangerous fashion is in far forward; back bands too short; girths slight vogue of wearing collars of colors and belly-bands "cinched” up to the limit; upon the liveries, but it may be, generally horses too far from, and too close to, the is, ill-judged in effect, and needs a wonder vehicle; tugs too short, so that there is an fully correct establishment to carry it off. angle from hames draught to roller-bolt; The fashion for light-colored summer liv horses so tightly poled-up that they are in ery, and the straw high-hat seems appro irons, and all but helpless; breeching far priate for our climate, and must be comfort too loose, etc., etc.—thousands of little able for the servants. essentials neglected which really mean Given all the accessories of the neatest everything in the comfort and efficiency of and best, however, the genuinely important the propelling, power. One of the most matter is the manner of their putting on, general faults is to find carriage horses bit- and putting together. Of what use the ted dissimilarly, and there is no excuse for most costly and best-made livery if the this before any fashionable carriage, nor servants have the face, figure and bearing with any coachman who knows his busi- of a 'longshoreman? Why put costly No such pair are ever properly ap- harness upon ill-assorted screws which ap pointed if one is worked in the cheek, or parently mourn their familiar grocery half-cheek, and the other in, say, the mid- wagon? How ill-judged to work enormous dle bar. They can, if they are fit for car- horses before the miniature" cabriolet or riage horses, always be “brought together" victoria, or the compact brougham? What by the proper use of the coupling-reins, neglect on the master's part if the harness nose-bands, curb-chains, slight raising or does not fit exactly at every point, and if lowering of the bits, and the servant who the horses are not properly put to," and does not know and accomplish this is a correctly "put together”! How grotesque "deckhand” out of his proper place. the tall and portly servitor upon the small To fit a harness to a horse is the simplest carriage behind the medium-sized horses, of operations, and only neglect and the good or the short, slight man presiding over the nature and patience of the animal allow huge landau, and its propelling equine any departure from exactness. Few brow- giants! Surely these items should harmon bands fit as they should, but are so loose ize, and as truly the age and size of the that the ears are painfully pinched. Blink- master and mistress deserve consideration, ers carelessly kept become warped out of that “the eternal fitness of things" may shape, and seriously obstruct vision; while not be outraged by the spectacle of a if they flare, or the cheek-pieces are too corpulent dowager wedged into a "mini loose they lose their effect in the one case, ature" brougham or victoria, or a girlish and are dangerous as affording glimpses of matron jogging soberly about in a four the following vehicle in the other. Bits wheeler big enough for a 'bus with servants are generally too wide rather than too nar- and horses in proportion. Self-respect row; bridoon bits too thin and sharp; should cause any one "setting up his car curb-chains often sharp-edged, or riage” to consider these neglected trifles, "roughed” through carelessness, or too and to arrange his purchases along the tightly drawn. Collars are often too much general lines he means to follow in respect bent at the top; our horses are rather to horses, carriages and servants; so doing straight-shouldered as a rule, and sore or he will certainly be more correctly appoint chafed necks are very frequent in conse- ed, than if he neglected the matter and quence. Pads are usually broader in the spent huge sums in equipping himself with tree than is best, especially if a horse is the costliest of their kind, but each item light in flesh, and the ridge suffers unless a "fighting" as it were, with all the others. housing is worn. When placed well back, Selection through mere personal fancy is as they should be, however, they generally not always good taste, and surely it would fit better, and the girth does not chafe the be better if there were a reason for and a thin skin at the elbows. Breast-plates definite sequence to every purchase. generally are far too loose, dangling aim- lessly about, whereas they have vitally important duties to perform in handling the load. Back-bands, if tight, are always The fit of the harness to the horses is dangerous, as inciting to a kicking scrape, certainly an essential, as is their situation especially if the crupper is not thickly in reference to each other and to the padded.' Tight girthing is never necessary. vehicle, yet you shall stand at any street The breeching should hang, in the right corner, or in the park, and witness hundreds place, and be just tight enough to come into of instances of amazing neglect or ignor- play when traces slack, without that length ance in these particulars. Brow-bands too which leaves it dangling about, and stop- large and too small; blinkers either flaring ping the vehicle with a sudden jerk. Pole widely or grinding the eyes; bridles too pieces should, while controlling the pole- long or too short; nose-bands too large; head instantly, not be drawn so tight that improper and uneven bitting and coupling; the horses are jammed against the pole; breast-plates too loose; collars too large, nor should they dangle loosely about. No too wide and too small; checks wickedly strap-ends should stick up or out, but are HAVE THE HARNESS FIT - How to Appoint Your Vehicles 759 SIT ON THE LEFT SIDE everything be snugly billeted. As a rule the motionless whip arm is more comfort- back-bands are made long enough for a able for the companion than, when seated as dromedary, and girths big enough for an customary, is the constantly-moving left elephant, with from four to six holes each elbow point of the driver. that are never visited by a buckle-tongue. It certainly seems that due regard for Nose-bands should have a lot of holes, refinement and the niceties of appointment close together, and be used when needful demand that upon a lady's carriage driven to assist bitting; at all events should fit by a coachman, an indoor servant-a house- snugly. Throat-lashes should always be footman—should be carried in place of the quite loose. Coupling-reins should be long, usual carriage-groom. Such an employé with several holes at bit-ends; the hand is surely more useful, as presumably famil- reins should have more holes, and rather iar with Madame's tradesmen, her calling closer together than usually punched. list, etc., and is certainly far more in the picture than the groom who officiates at home as equine chambermaid. Moreover, with any horses fit to use before a lady's It is a singular thing that if appoint- carriage a groom is never needed. ment means anything we violate the most In the line of sporting equipments—as elementary of its requirements, both as to the runabout, the gig and similar vehicles servant and master, by persistently sitting —the most usual departure from accepted upon the wrong side of the vehicle in driv good form appears in the nearly universal ing; and to this absurd, short-sighted and use of the breast-collar to replace the more impractical custom is due two-thirds of the formal collar and hames. This fashion was congestion in all our city, thoroughfares. first brought in use by a clever dealer and We turn to the right, and we sit on the regular exhibitor who thus attempted to right, thus effectually obscuring our view add length to the forehand, and to fine up ahead in traffic; compelling our footmen to the necks of the heavy-crested stags which jump down into the dirty street, and to run the market then, and since, assimilated. all around the carriage, both at stopping So far has this gone that we nowadays find and starting; while to the friend who gig-horses, tandem-leaders, etc., regularly would accompany us in self-driven vehicles, thus harnessed, and at some shows, special we offer the alternative of crawling into conditions are framed to prevent the prac- our laps, and under the reins, or going out tice. Another freak of fashion is the con- into the street and swarming up from that ventional appointment of the runabout, situation; or we alight, abandon control of which is turned out in a thoroughly non- the horse, and clamber in after the passenger descript fashion from the first item to the has preceded us. Was ever anything more last. The runabout, as originally con- ridiculous? nor can any one cite any single ceived, was meant as a roomy, side-bar reason for sitting on the right (where traffic buggy, drawn by a long-tailed roadster, keeps to the right), or against sitting on the fitted with an American road harness, left. For more than thirty-five years. I straight whip, no driving cushion, and no have always sat upon the left, and in driv more formal accessories than the robe, ing anything from four or six horses down cooler and tie-rope which we all find useful to one, have found it practical, convenient, in any similar vehicle. This same clever necessary. Only thus can one see one's dealer, however, brought vogue an Eng- outside wheel; only there can advantage lish harness, incomplete in finish and heavy instantly be taken in city streets, of open enough to pull a hansom; a dock-tailed ings ahead without the constant pulling out horse whose action threw gravel and mud of line and dodging back again, which, all over the occupants of the wagon; and repeated as it is all day in thousands of evolved an absurd and impractical road- cases, makes all the difference between kit and other details which were as cum- rapid and clear passage, and stagnation and bersome as they were fantastic; together confusion. Think of the aggregate time with a lashed whip most inconvenient in lost at theaters, the opera, etc., etc., while driving a fast horse, such as the motive hundreds of footmen jump off, run round, power is supposed to be. This is the sort open door, unload, shut door, run round, of contraption we offer prizes for at every and climb to the box again! Why it means show, and no more incongruous medley of from one to two minutes at best per ill-suited elements exists; nor will it go the vehicle! Figure that aggregate on a crush way, apparently, of that equally ill-con- opera night! It is true that coaches break ceived establishment now but a memory- on the off-side, and the break works by the so-called "park tandem." hand, but it can as well act by the foot; or If there ever was a style of using two the handle come up off-side the driving horses which would seem to sanction the cushion if that is on the left. Anyhow the extreme of hap-hazard in equipment, that infrequent coach needs no consideration; one would appear to be the tandem-yet nor does the position of its driver. On the not only for park but for road work we left, one's whip is clear of the face of the have laboriously appointed it. Fortunate- passenger, whether driving one or four, and ly this fad was so manifestly absurd and yet the right arm is always unobstructed expensive that it worked its own remedy, for any work; while, even in a narrow seat, and the auction marts have been over- 760 The Outing Magazine loaded with tandem-carts of every conceiv- able (and some inconceivable) pattern, bringing about the thirty dollars which their tires originally cost. Save in the show-rings the tandem is, temporarily at least, as extinct as the Dodo. DOCKING As an essential part of appointment the trimming of the horses, their grooming, clipping, etc., is a most important feature. Since horses must by the edict of Dame Fashion be docked, it is strange that so little attempt is made to suit the length of the dock remaining unmutilated to the size of its hapless wearer. All horses from the twelve-hand pony to the seventeen-hand landau horse are chopped across the same joint of the tail, and the result is even more grotesque than the hideous and wantonly brutal fashion need make it. Large horses require something more than the pitiful stub usually left to make them appear decently balanced; and surely a well- trained" "switch" is more graceful and ornamental than the sharp outlines of the square-cut tail. Nearly all the animals are also “pricked” nowadays, as if to hoist in perpetuity their meager distress-signal at half-mast before a callous world, but what any one can see of genuine grace or beauty in this style is verily a mystery. Manes, foretops, ears, heels, etc., are but carelessly kept in exact order, and a horse thus disheveled is as illy "turned-out” as his owner would be in his evening clothes with a week's beard on his unshaven jaws. Numerous other lapses in the practical fitness and usefulness of appointments might be taken up, but space is precious. A few such are the use of brass or other plating than steel at points where continual severe wear occurs in the harness, as on the kidney-links for instance; wearing the pole pieces through the kidney-link rings only, instead of round the collar-throats, so that if the tiny tongue on the hames- buckle chances to break the hames must drop off; short braced pole heads, easily twisted off; inelastic roller-bolts, as made a hundred years ago; bits all of one style as to mouthpiece, and of similar antiquity; neglect of the advantages of many of our native styles of vehicle; infrequent use of fly-nets in a climate where insects swarm, and mutilated horses suffer tortures unpro- tected (or is humanity of the most ordinary sort not to find its place in appointment?); neglect of the frequent use of japan" upon all iron work (steps, bolt-heads, etc., etc.) where wear comes; neglect of the harness -even the least-used straps and buckles should be pliant as if used daily; check- reins so tight that horses are, from their attitude, literally cramped across the loins; liveries and robes faded, spotted, redolent of stable odors; servants lounging on the box; carriage glasses or plating cloudy; cushions out of shape, or ill-kept; carpets worn, lining faded or in poor repair, etc., etc.—the countless little things that make all the difference not only in appearance but utility, and which, however fluctuating fad or fantastic fashion may vary, con- stitute the genuine and only essentials in any and every scheme of proper appoint- ments. DEALING WITH TIMID DOGS BY JOSEPH A. GRAHAM IT is pretty nearly a general rule that a shooting dog which begins active work with a fearless disregard of the gun, the whip and other alarming circumstances is humdrum and commonplace all his life. It takes a degree of sensitiveness to make high intelligence. As for ginger and keen- ness, that quality can scarcely exist with- out a nervous responsiveness which in youth often looks like timidity. If the best dogs, hounds as well as shoot- ing breeds, are likely to be endowed with dispositions which are by stupid handlers construed as shyness, a little lecture on the treatment of such animals will do some good. Patience is necessary to the trainers of all animals. And yet a certain application of force is also necessary. A dog cannot be permitted to do as he pleases. The hand- ler, even if he is a professional, cannot de- vote his time wholly to waiting for his pupil to grow into excellence. Force and patience must be applied. Success comes to him who can mix them with discrimina- tion. A man buys a ten-months' puppy. Per- haps he has been raised in a kennel, has never known but one person, has been acquainted with but one narrow scene. He is crated and shipped-scared out of his wits from beginning to end of the journey. Everything is strange and alarming. He arrives at a new residence, is pulled about by new people. When his owner tries to be friendly, the dog is wild-eyed, crying, ready to run away. Often it happens that he has never worn a collar and never felt the coercion of a chain or lead. If the owner has not had much experience he may Dealing with Timid Dogs 761 think that he has bought a worthless idiot. But he should try a short period of unmixed kindness. First, he should feed the pup himself. At that age chronic hunger is the strongest feeling the dog knows. He will quickly place confidence in the man who feeds him twice a day. Feed him at the kennel where he is supposed to dwell. In a day he will follow the person whom he associates with food, and he will be pretty sure to find his way back to the kennel, if he gets lost in his panics and bewilderments. If he won't lead, put a collar on him and snap in a lead invariably before letting him eat. If you are in the country, or where you can take the chance of not losing him, have him follow you for short distances before you try to lead him. Still better, take out with him an old dog. No matter how shy he is, he will hang around another dog with which he has formed an acquain- tance. It should not be necessary to say that a gun should never be fired in his neighbor- hood until he is easy in his new surround- ings; and then let him be at a distance when the first shooting experiments are made. dog. It cannot teach him bad habits or prevent the acquirement of good ones. Without injury to his qualities of work, he discovers that when you speak in a certain tone he must pay attention or suffer dis- agreeable consequences. You have con- trol of him while the punishment is going on; and that is of the first importance, for a man should be very chary of whipping a young dog in the field. All whipping in the early stages of training should occur in the yard or when the dog is on a lead or check-cord. When at work in the open the trainer should be absolutely certain that the dog connects the exact error with the punishment; otherwise he can in a few minutes produce a confirmed blinker or potterer. I have been describing an extreme case of apparent timidity. Few young ones are · quite so provoking. But I have seen dozens of just such cases, and have seen some of them turn out fine animals a few months later. Once get the dog to believe that you are the source of all blessings, blessings to a dog meaning victuals and refuge from danger-and he will believe that you are the greatest and wisest and bravest of mankind. Then he will take his whipping along with other vicissitudes and trust you none the less. DON'T CHASE HIM KEEP QUIET and cry: Maybe a strange dog will run at him and send him scurrying away in a fright. Don't chase him, or let anybody else raise a hue Unless it is in a city, with its labyrinth of streets, the dog is almost sure to reach home before you do. It is a good thing to take him out again at once over the same route. But that may not be convenient. Give him a bite to eat, make his home-coming happy and let him alone. While his verdancy lasts, the first consider- ation is to make him have faith in you, whatever other imaginary enemies excite his apprehension. Make him believe that you are a safe refuge, able and willing to protect him from all troubles. One introduction to severity, may be made early without detriment to his future. It will come up when he howls and scratches at being left alone. That is such a nuisance to neighbors and annoyance to yourself that a compulsory cessation is desirable. As you turn away from the kennel he sets up a howl and begins to bite at the wire or boards of his inclosure. Turn back at once and speak sharply, slapping the kennel loudly with a stíck. If he doesn't see the point, go into the kennel, whip him a little and use the sharp tone so that he connects it with the whipping. If he "cuts up." again when you leave, turn back and ad- minister the same treatment. Usually a few days of persistence on this line settles most of his kennel distress—or at least its noisy manifestations. It is wise to make this point the beginning of force for a reason aside from your own and your neighbors' comfort. The con- nection cannot be misunderstood by the Quiet behavior in the yard or kennel brings to mind another proclivity which, like unseemly and untimely noise, produces so much friction with other people that it is often a more serious matter than bad behavior in the field. Any young dog in which the hunting instinct is specially developed is prone to the pursuit and slaughter of poultry, cats, sheep and other fleeing creatures. In old American days, when most dogs were raised on farms or at large in small towns, this fault was cor- rected early and speedily. Nowadays your valuable dog grows up in a kennel, and the chicken has all the enticing attributes of game. He may kill enough Wyandottes worth ten dollars apiece to make your in- vestment in him come to more than he will ever be worth. If he is trained to stop to command you may control him at once when he starts after a chicken, and give him a reproof which will be lasting. But some owners find that the best way is to not wait for the chance fowl, but to buy a cheap one and give a special course of lessons before an evil day produces a feud with humans. Tie the chicken outside the kennel a few minutes and let the young dog or dogs show an interest. Then bring out the dog and speak to him sharply if he pulls on the lead and tries to reach his supposed game. Take the chicken by the legs, strike the dog lightly about the face with it, rub it roughly against his nose and, in general, give him to understand that chickens are 762 The Outing Magazine to be avoided. The treatment is nearly always effectual. Many trainers follow this plan to break up rabbit chasing: After a shooting dog has been thumped with a dead rabbit and compelled to endure the indignity of hav- ing it rubbed in his face he remembers that to catch that kind of animal breeds shame and distress. I have seen a trainer fasten a rabbit's body around a dog's neck and force him to carry it half a day. I never tried it myself, but can understand that a dog so treated might hate rabbits to the end of his life. Any of these devices may possibly make a young dog timid on game. But the chance must be taken. You cannot afford to let your dog become a nuisance. If the experiment spoils the dog's value on game it doesn't cost much to give him away and get another. In fact, most peo- ple are too slow about getting rid of low- grade dogs. It is all right to give the dog a square deal and not expect too much at first, but certain weaknesses soon become apparent, and if they are of a vital kind there should be no hesitation in changing dogs. Life is too short to waste over thirty days in deciding on the wisdom of persisting with any one animal. HOW TO KNOW AND HOW TO CATCH BLACK BASS BY DR. JAMES A. HENSHALL THE "HE origin of the name black bass is not bass they are vertical. In both species known, nor is it altogether applicable there are three dark streaks radiating or appropriate. Strictly speaking, the fish across the cheeks and gill-covers, from be- is not a bass proper, nor is its color black. fore backward. In external appearance The term “bass' comes from the old Eng the sexes are alike. lish name barse, which is derived from the Originally, the black bass did not exist German bars or barsch, or perhaps the in the middle states or New England east Dutch baars, meaning perch. The generic of the Appalachian chain of mountains. term bass is more correctly applied to sev Both species were native to the watersheds eral salt-water fishes, while the black bass of the St. Lawrence and Mississippi rivers, belongs to the fresh-water family of sun and the large-mouth bass to the South fishes. Atlantic and Gulf states. In the head There are two species, the large-mouth waters of streams in the highlands of the black bass and the small-mouth black bass, Carolinas and Georgia a fw small-mouth which, in consequence of their wide dis- bass existed, having apparently made their tribution, have received a score or more of way over the mountains from the western vernacular names more or less descriptive slopes, but did not descend to the lowlands. of their color or habits, but the most uni The natural home of the small-mouth versal names are black bass in the North bass is in clear, rocky streams and lakes and West and “trout”' in the South. The with bottom springs, while the large-mouth color varies greatly, being influenced by en bass is more partial to sluggish streams and vironment, and varies, in both species, ponds and shallow lak s abounding in water from quite pale or yellowish-green to dark plants. The habits f the two species differ bronze-green, and in the somber wat rs of but slightly, and their spawning season is boggy streams or cypress swamps it be the same, b ing spring in the South, and comes almost black. It was from the summer in the N rth and West. Like the latter situations, probably, that the name rest of the sunfish family, the male fish “black” bass originated. prepares the n st, guards the eggs, and To the unpracticed eye the two species when hatched takes care f the young fry look very much alike. The principal struc for a short time. The period of incubation tural differences are a wider mouth and is usually from a week to ten days. larger scales in the large-mouth bass, and a narrower mouth and smaller scales in the small-mouth bass. Where there are no distinct markings, the ground color of both The food of the baby bass at first con- species is very similar. Where the mark sists of minute crustacjans no larger than ings exist, especially about the breeding specks of dust, and later of insects and their season, those of the large-mouth bass are larvæ. The adult bass is omnivorous, but dark spots or mottlings disposed in hori not piscivorous to the extent that some zontal patches, while in the small-mouth would have us believe; in fact it preys on NATURAL FOOD - How to Know and How to Catch Black Bass 763 other fishes much less than the trout, which has longer and sharper teeth, while the teeth of the bass may be compared to the level surface of a tooth-brush, or coarse sandpaper, especially designed for holding its prey, which is swallowed whole. The bass does not, as has been asserted, kill for the love of it. Its natural food consists of insects, crawfish, frogs, tadpoles and min- nows. The maximum weight of the small- mouth bass is five pounds, and of the large- mouth bass eight pounds, though heavier fish of both species are occasionally taken in especially favorable locations where food is unusually abundant. In the North and West both species hibernate, retiring to very deep water, or hiding under rocks, logs, roots or masses of vegetation, where they remain in a semi- torpid state until the temperature of the water rises to fifty degrees in the spring. A notable instance of this occurs in Lake Erie, near Put-in-Bay, where the bass re- tire to the crevices and fissures of the cav- ernous limestone reefs of the Bass Islands. In the Gulf states the large-mouth bass does not hibernate, and being active dur- ing the entire year grows to a larger size, in Florida, occasionally, to twenty pounds. The black bass, like most fresh-water fishes, has the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch well developed. While there is no question as to the other senses, it has been very generally denied that fishes can hear sounds produced in the air, though sensible to jars or vibrations communicated through the water to the skin and lateral line organs. Because fishes seemingly ignore sounds produced in the air, it has been considered proof that they do not hear them, a most unwarranted and unscientific conclusion. I have always contended that they could hear sounds originating in the air as well as those pro- duced in the water, and through the audi- tory apparatus, and this has been proven by biologists in the last few years, both in our country and in Europe, by very inter- esting and convincing experiments. What has always been accepted as a self-evident proposition by many anglers has at last been acknowledged 'as true by scientific investigators. On the other hand it was subsequent to 1850 that sufficient interest was manifested in the black bass, in the North, to cause its introduction to New England waters from several small lakes in New York, contiguous to the Hudson, to which river it had gained access through canals from Lake Erie. About the same time, 1854, it was trans- planted from a tributary of the Ohio River to the upper Potomac. Previous to 1860 the black bass was not mentioned in books on angling, notwith- standing that both species had been de- scribed and named, in 1802, by Lacepede, a French ichthyologist, from specimens sent to Paris from the United States by French collectors. It is somewhat remarkable that American angling authors had failed to notice the black bass until a century after Bartram's description of bobbing in Florida, and a half century after the inven- tion of a black bass reel by Snyder, and then only in a very meager and unsat- isfactory manner, and mostly from hear- say. This would seem altogether inexcusable, as black bass angling clubs had existed for fifty years in Kentucky and Ohio. But this apparent neglect is easily explained when it is considered that while the angling clubs mentioned were using light cane rods of several ounces weight, and ten feet in length, with smaller and lighter multiply- ing reels than are in common use to-day, the northern angler was furnished with rods of twelve feet and sixteen ounces and striped bass reels. This was in accordance with the fact that manufacturers gave their attention wholly to tools and tackle for trout and salmon, which were considered the only fresh-water fishes worthy of notice. POPULARITY LONG A FAVORITE In the early days referred to, before the Revolutionary period, the large-mouth bass was a favorite game-fish in the South Atlantic states. William Bartram, the “Quaker naturalist," in the account of his travels in the Carolinas, Georgia and Flor- ida, 1.764, gave a correct and graphic de- scription of bobbing for black bass by the settlers of Florida. This was five years before Daniel Boone settled in Kentucky, in 1769. In 1803. George Snyder emigrated from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, and prior to 1810 he made the first multiplying reel for black bass fishing. But all this is changed. To-day the black bass is acknowledged to be the best and most popular game-fish of America, and manufacturers are giving more thought and care to the production of suitable and special tools and tackle for black bass than for all other game-fishes combined. By the generic term black bass, wherever used, I mean both species, for where they co- exist in the same waters, and are exposed to the same conditions of environment, there is no difference in game qualities. Both species are fished for in the same man- ner and with the same tackle. Some idea may be formed of the popu- larity of the black bass from the fact that the demand for young bass for stocking waters far exceeds the supply, notwith- standing that the national and state fish commissions are untiring in their efforts to augment the supply by the most approved methods of fish culture. So far, however, the results are not at all commensurate with the labor and expense involved. This may be explained by the fact that while 764 The Outing Magazine BLACK BASS OUTFIT millions of trout, salmon, grayling, shad, whitefish and other fry can be produced at pleasure, by stripping and fertilizing the free eggs of these species and hatching, them on trays or in jars, the eggs of the black bass are enveloped in a mass of glutinous matter from which they cannot be separated and manipulated. The only recourse is pond culture, allowing the fish to breed naturally, or at best to furnish them with artificial nests from which the fry are collected after screening off the parent fish. The best plan would be to stock barren waters with adult bass, in the manner already referred to, if it were possible to secure them in sufficient num- bers. In 1855, when a small boy traveling from my native city Baltimore to Cincinnati, over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, I was much interested in a conversation be- tween several gentlemen, one of whom was a black bass enthusiast. The manner of stocking the Potomac with bass from a creek near Wheeling, the year before, was related, and the merits of the black bass as a game-fish were freely discussed. My curiosity was aroused, for I was already an angler, and a few weeks afterward I took my first bass in the Little Miami River, near Cincinnati. In 1857 I visited Ken- tucky and fished the famous bass streams of that state, the Kentucky, Elkhorn and Licking rivers. It was there that I saw the short and light cane rods and small multi- plying reels used in bait fishing for black bass. I had made and used similar rods for white perch, croakers and lafayettes in Maryland waters when but eight years of age, but had never used a multiplying reel. I was instructed as to its proper handling by one of the best anglers I have ever known-peace to his ashes. Afterward, in other states, when I saw bass fishers using eighteen-foot cane poles and fifteen- foot jointed wooden rods. with immense reels, I saw the necessity for reform in the matter of black bass tackle; and to-day have the satisfaction of knowing that my efforts in that direction have borne good fruit. The various methods of black bass fish- ing, and best in the order named, are fly- fishing, minnow-casting, still-fishing and trolling. Fortunately, the twentieth cen- tury angler has his choice of the best and most suitable tools and tackle for the differ- ent methods that skill and intelligence can produce, and for which he should be duly thankful. The evolution of the equipment for the black bass fisher from the crude and cumbersome implements formerly in use has been remarkable. Light, short and graceful fly-rods and bait-rods of almost perfect action, reels of exquisite workman- ship, and lines, leaders, hooks, artificial flies and scores of useful and ingenious con- trivances for his convenience and pleasure, are produced in great variety, excellence and adaptability. The most important and expensive im- plement in the Ay-fisher's outfit is the fly- rod. There are rods and rods. The best and the worst are made of split bamboo. One of the best may be had for from fifteen to twenty-five dollars, while the worst are sold in department stores for seventy-five cents. The latter are made from refuse cane, and for practical purposes are worth even less. A good wooden rod will gen- erally give better satisfaction and wear longer than most split bamboo rods as made to-day. There is another thing about modern rods that should be considered. Because certain rods have cast surprisingly long distances at tournaments, it does not fol- low that they are the best suited for prac- tical angling. They are especially con- structed or selected for long casting, and fulfill their mission admirably. A stiff tournament fly-rod of five ounces, with a very heavy line, has cast a fly nearly one hundred feet-a remarkable feat-while heavier rods have cast upwards of one hundred and thirty feet. In actual fish- ing, however, casts of twenty-five to fifty feet are about as long as necessary, while the practical fishing-rod has certain attri- butes or qualities of backbone, pliancy and resiliency, that are not found in tournament rods. It should be remembered, always, that the chief uses of a rod come into play after the fish is hooked; the mere act of casting being preliminary or subordinate. Any good fly-rod of from six and one-half to seven and one-half ounces, and about ten feet long, if not too supple or withy, will answer for ordinary black bass fishing; in the Gulf states, however, or where the bass run unusually large, the rod should weigh an ounce more, and the length may be increased an inch. The very light trout fly-rods of four or five ounces are all right for trout of a pound or less, but are too light for black bass, a much larger and stronger fish; notwithstanding, there is a tendency to use them. With a rod too light or inadequate between the angler and a three-pound bass, it is another case of the tail wagging the dog. CASTING In casting the fly the casts should be lengthened in the good, old-fashioned way —and the only correct way-by taking from the reel, with the free hand, several feet of line, before retrieving each cast, until the desired distance is reached.. The tournament style of pulling a lot of line from the reel and coiling it in the hand or on the ground, in order to offer the least resistance in shooting the line, however useful it may be for tournament work, is not at all adapted for practical fishing on the stream. The loose line is apt to be- come tangled or stepped on, and withal it How to Know and How to Catch Black Bass 765 is an ungraceful and slovenly method. Weaving the line backward and forward through the guides with the free hand is also an innovation and very bad practice. The line should be always taut and straight, with the rod slightly bent, in order to be able to instantly feel a rising fish. Some contestants at tournaments use a large wooden reel six or eight inches in dia- meter (the English Nottingham reel) to hold the line, and instead of attaching it to the rod it is affixed to the platform from which the casts are made. Nothing could demonstrate the difference between tourna- ment work and practical angling more than this. A light click reel is the best for fly-fishing, though a multiplier with adjustable click is often used. The enameled silk line, which is so perfectly made nowadays, is the only one to use. Leaders of four feet are long enough for two flies, all that should be used in the cast, and very often one is better. There are scores of flies to choose from, but the following I have found successful, and are enough: Coachman, Grizzly King, Polka, Professor, Montreal, Silver Doctor, Oriole, Gray Drake, and red, brown, black and gray hackles. The axiomatic rules for fly-fishing are to cast a straight line; keep it taut; strike on sight or touch; kill the fish on the bend of the rod. When landed, the fish should be killed outright by severing the spinal cord at the nape, or by a stunning blow on the head, before placing it in the creel. Next to fly-fishing, in the ethics of sport, comes casting the minnow with a suitable rod, and such a rod should be about eight feet long and weigh from seven to eight ounces, if of split bamboo or ash and lance- wood. As larger fish are taken with bait, as a rule, than with the fly, a somewhat heavier rod is required. The mode of cast- ing with this rod is underhand. By this method the smallest minnow can be accu- rately cast the required distance, and the largest minnow will alight without a splash. It is then allowed to sink to mid-water depth and reeled in slowly. The minnow being hooked through the lips swims in a natural manner and proves quite attractive. Another method of casting, usually with frog bait instead of the minnow, is much in vogue on weedy waters. It is uite popu: lar at casting tournaments, where artificial baits of established weights are used. The casting is overhead, as in casting the fly, and the rod is extremely short, from four and one-half to six feet, and quite stiff. Long and accurate casts can be made in this way, but the bait being started on its flight from a height of ten or twelve feet must necessarily make quite a splash when it strikes the water, which if not fatal to success is at least very bad form. While this style of rod and casting has many advo- cates, it does not appeal to the artistic angler, as the short and unyielding rod is not capable of playing and handling a struggling fish in a workmanlike manner. As a trout fly-rod is the ideal fishing-rod, the nearer other rods approximate it the better for those rods. The minnow-casting rod of eight or eight and a quarter feet is almost as pliant as the trout fly-rod, and its action is very similar. For tournament work, however, the five-foot overhead cast- ing rod is a joy forever for the contestants, though by no means a thing of beauty. Casting the minnow requires a multiply- ing reel of the best quality, and such a one costs twice as much as the rod. It should run as freely and smoothly as possible, and the gearing should be so accurately ad- justed as to sustain and prolong the initial impulse of the cast, in order that the bait may be projected to the objective point without confusion, and strike the water without a splash. But such a reel requires an educated thumb to control the revolving spool in order to prevent back lashing and consequent over-running and snarling of the line. That the cast may be as long as practica- ble, the line should be of the smallest cali- ber, size H, and to obviate kinking from constant use it should be braided instead of twisted, and furthermore should be prefer- ably made of raw silk. Neither leader nor float should be used in casting the minnow, as the bait is reeled to within a foot or two of the rod tip before making the cast. Hooks with long snells answer every purpose. The favorite hooks are Sproat, O'Shaugh- nessy, Aberdeen and Limerick, though the modern eyed hooks are preferred by some. Many anglers use much larger hooks for black bass than necessary; Nos. 1 and 2 are large enough. The smallest brass swivel is used as the connecting link between the snell and the reel line, and subserves the purpose of a sinker as well. The equipment for casting the minnow answers as well for trolling, though a rod of eight and a half ounces is not too heavy for this work. With the addition of a leader the minnow-casting outfit is also the best for still-fishing. With the live minnow for bait a float is not necessary, but a small sinker is useful with large, strong minnows, to keep them below the surface. With crawfish, helgramites or cut-bait, a float is useful to keep them off the bottom. As to artificial baits, a very small casting or trolling spoon, and the smallest artificial phantom minnow, each with a single hook, comprise all that should be employed by the honest angler and true sportsman. Not only because they are the best and most successful, but because it is cruel, heartless and an abomination to countenance, let alone use, the vile contraptions of various shapes, made of wood or metal, and brist- ling with a dozen or more cheap hooks. WADING Wading the stream, either in fly-fishing or casting the minnow, is the top notch of 766 The Outing Magazine bass fishing. Here one may enjoy all the the spoon or spinner, the trend of the esthetic and poetic features that for cen shore is followed, just outside of weed turies have been ascribed to trout fishing. patches, shallow points, and about gravelly But one should know something of the or weedy shoals in the body of the lake. habits of his quarry, with an intuition, born Deeper water may be resorted to in of this knowledge, as to the likely places to still-fishing, especially the “cat-holes" of which to cast his lure. What an innate streams in low water, for the bait being satisfaction it is to provoke a rise at just the kept near the bottom, the fish are not so place where the angler, from his prescience apt to see the angler. Natural bait only and experience, fully expected it! And is used, as minnows; crawfish, especially how much more satisfactory and enjoyable, shedders or "soft craws''; helgramítes, the notwithstanding the many failures, is this larva of the corydalis fly; grubs, crickets, compelling sense of search for his fish, to grasshoppers, earth-worms and cut-bait; the new tad of dry fly fishing as practiced but a bright and lively minnow is by all in England. There the angler sits on the odds the most enticing. Still-fishing is bank smoking his pipe until a fish betrays done from a boat or a low bank, for unless its whereabouts by rising to a newly the water is quite deep the angler is sure to hatched insect, then, cautiously approach be seen by the fish when he occupies such ing the verge of the stream, and kneeling situations as a high rock or bank, or the on one knee, he casts his dry fly over the breast of a dam. A lively and strong min- telltale swirl. This is fishing made easy. now can be left to its own devices for quite The dry fly fisher certainly has a right to a while, but all other natural baits should be practice his sure thing'' method, and make moved slowly and frequently in still-fishing. the most of it, but when he claims for it the In some sections there seems to be a highest niche in the category of sports, and notion that the black bass is a peculiarly ridicules the "wet fly" fisher as a “chuck uncertain fish about taking the fly or bait, and chance it'angler, one feels like resent and that in his choice of natural bait he is ing it. very capricious. But as all other game- Fresh-water fishes resort to, or “use,' fishes are subject to the same idiosyncrasies, certain situations where their food is more and seem to refuse to respond to the ang- likely to be found; therefore, in fly-fishing, ler's lure at times, the black bass is no excep- casting the minnow, or trolling for black tion, and in no greater degree than others. bass, it must be remembered that it is use In most cases the angler himself is at fault less, and love's labor lost, to fish in the for not fishing in an intelligent manner. deeper portions of ponds and lakes, or in the He should not expect to find his quarry long, deep, smooth reaches of streams. always in the same places, for fresh-water Moreover, as a rule, all game-fishes rise to fishes frequently change their accustomed the fly only in water from one to six feet haunts for reasons best known to them- deep, for unless the water is unusually clear selves, but presumably in search of food, the fy or bait will not be seen by the fish or in consequence of some change in the from a greater depth. With very clear depth or character of the water resulting water the casts must be as long as possible, from storms of wind or rain. They also in order that the angler may not be ob change their location with the change of served, for to keep out of sight of the fish is the seasons, for fishes are extremely sensi- the cardinal rule in angling: tive to variations of temperature. In wading, the best plan is to fish down As a food-fish the black bass is second stream, proceeding slowly and cautiously, only among fresh-water fishes to the white- and casting over every yard of likely-look fish of the Great Lakes. I have noticed ing water. The promising places are close that in sections where it is considered a shy to patches of water-weeds, near overhang and uncertain game-fish, it is also rated as ing banks, in the eddies of large bowlders, a rather poor food-fish, ranking below the at the head and foot of riffles, near sub pickerel. That both of these opinions are merged roots of trees on the bank, and close base slanders on a noble fish is attested by to ledges of sunken rocks. In trolling from the high esteem in which it is held every- a boat with the minnow, alive or dead, or where else by anglers and laymen as well. HAS THE WASP AFFECTION A colony of wasps made a nest in the dark room of a studio last summer. At first the party who used the room did not relish their company—but for certain rea- sons he did not molest them. He paid no attention to the little buzzers, and they came and went at their own sweet will. After a time he began to study them and soon came to the conclusion that they were gradually becoming acquainted with him, his ways and his dark room. One day a stranger was seated on the window sill. The first wasp entering the room paid no attention to him, but made for the oid crack in the wall. Then out came a big fat fellow who darted through the open window like a bullet. Within five minutes half a dozen wasps came with a rush at the stranger and two of them located him. But the writer has never been touched by his wasp colony. THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Out-of-Town Service TIFFANY & CO. Fifth Avenue and 37th Street, New York Prizes for Summer Sports Ready for Immediate Delibery. Photographs Upon Request To parties known to the house, or who will make themselves known by satis- factory refer- ences, Tiffany & Co. will send for inspection selec- tions of their stock Patrons writing from temporary address will assist identification by adding their home address Loving Cups, Vases, Pitchers, etc., in sterling silver and silver-mounted glass, suitable for Coach- ing Parades, Golfing, Tennis, Automobile, Yacht and Motor Boat races, or other land and water sports Loving Cups Sterling Silver 5% inches high 6 612 7 8 Vase Cups Morning Glory and Other Shapes, Sterling Silber 972 inches high - $20. 1112 32. 13 - 40. 14 - 65. 17 - 100. $24. 38. 45. 70. 85. - 36 Tiffany & Co. 1906 Blue Book Second edition A compact cata- logue without il- lustrations 530 pages of concise descriptions with an alphabetical side index afford- ing quick access to the wide range of Tiffany & Co.'s stock, with the prices at which articles may be purchased. Pa- trons will find this little book filled with helpful sug- gestions of jew- elry, silverware, clocks, bronzes, and other artistic merchandise suitable for wed- ding presents or other gifts Small Prize Cups Silver-Mounted Glass Sterling Silver, gold lined, Claret Jugs and Lemonade Pitchers, $10, $20, $45, handles, height 3/2 in- Vases, $12, $14, $22, ciles upward, $10, $12, $26, $30; $60, $70. $15, $18. Water Pitchers, $38, $55, $100. Comparison of Prices Tiffany & Co. always welcome a comparison of prices This applies to their entire stock of rich, as well as inexpensive jewelry, silverware, watches, clocks, bronzes, and other artistic objects, on all of which their prices are as reasonable as is consistent with the standard of quality maintained by the house Strictly Retailers Tiffany & Co. manufacture SOLELY for their own retail trade. Their wares are never sold to other deal- ers, and can only be purchased DIRECT from their establish- ment in New York, Paris or London Fifth Avenue New York When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER CHAMPION DOG BISCUIT There's many a reason why you should use Cham- pion Dog Biscuit for your hunting food. It means more and better work from your dogs and they'll feel the strain less. They not only work better, but they sleep better, and it all shows up in the results of your trip. Champion Dog Biscuits are fed dry in the field; you know what that means as a matter of convenience. They are the best food for keeping all classes of dogs in condition the year round. A single line on a one cent postal card brings you our free sample and booklet-Send to-day. ST. PAUL BREAD CO., 558 View St., St. Paul, Minn. FOR HOUNDS SETTERS AND POINTERS- Continued Bloodhounds, Foxhounds, Norwegian Bear POINTERS AND SETTERS trained and young stock, farm raised, always working, $8.00 to $30.00. Kennels hounds, Irish Wolfhounds Registered. PerfeCTION, Harrisburg, Pa. Four Cent Stamp for Catalog FOR SALE. Pine breed pedi Teed pointer puppies. Make ROOKWOOD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky. shin. prize winning Buff Plymouth Rock chickens. Prices right CHARLES PAETZEL, Route 6, Hope, Ind. SALE-Beaglehounds, foxhounds. All ages, reason. able prices. GEORGE A. Brown, York, Pa. SHOOTING DOGS A SPECIAL lot of trained Rabbit Hounds. Fox Hounds. Night Dogs, Bird Dogs and Bull Terriers. J. 1. Kurtz. $25 Bposu mesancorab die diens van Also mink, skunk. Vintage, Pa. opossum, and rabbit dogs. Guaranteed. PITTSYL- VANIA KENNELS (Registered), Worlds. Va. FOUR HOUNDS, sixteen months old, broken to foxes. JAMES LATHI'M, Milford, Delaware. OURY Chesapeake retrievers were awarded first prize at J. G. Morris & Son Easton, Md. FOR SALE—Trained Coon, Fox, and Rabbit hounds. BEAGLES, SETTERS FOXHOUNDS. Pups and trained COMRADE KENNELS, Bucyrus, Ohio. IRISH AND FOX TERRIERS IRISH AND RUSSIAN WOLFHOUNDS IRISH WOLFHOUNDS.-The noblest doggies of them all. Smooth Fox Terriers at Stud For sale one grown dog, four fine bitches, free service to imported, non-related stud dog. Fine litter of pups, four 'HE grandest lot of smooths ever THE months, twenty-five dollars, and upward. Wanted, big, offered at stud. From Ch. Sabine pedigreed dog. FAIRHOLME Farm, Lakeview, N. Y. Result at $50.0u to some of our own breeding at $10.00, with free return ser- viies and the al sorbing of express FOR SALE-RUSSIAN WOLFHOUNDS. Bayan, im- ported stud dog. Sarka, Youla and weaned puppies. charges over $5.00. Low prices for immediate sale. Also Cockers, Fox Terriers, The progeny of our stud dogs have Boston Terriers and Pugs. FreD GROESBECK, Hartford, been the most consistent bench show Conn. winners for the past two years. We have at al tunes from fifty to one hundred Terriers for sale at $10.00 and SETTERS AND POINTERS All are eligible for the various A. F. T. C. stakes, whether in your posses- In writing, please state AT STUD: :Hopewell Streak Imported English Setter your wants and price you care to pay. dog, white and black, weight 50 Ids.. very handsome. Registered in A. K. C. S B., 86706, volume XXII. Bred by J. B. Evans, Monachty, Wales, thoroughly trained by The Sabine Kennels G Arthur Evans, a trainer of international renown. Fee, "RESULT” $25.00 return privilege. Address, Hopewell Kennels, Orange, Texas Stewartstown, Pa. [ROQUOIS KENNELS, Framingham, Mass., have Irish FOR SALE: High Class, English. Llewellin. Gordon setter Terrier at stud and for sale; good all-round dogs for pups and trained dogs, spaniels and retrievers, prices home or country. Puppies and grown stock for pets, breed. reasonable, stock high grade. THOROUGHBRED KENNELS, ing or for show purposes. Best prize-winning strains at rea- Atlantic, Iowa. sonable prices. Send for circulars. Address L. LORING BROOKS, No. 53 State St. Boston, Mass. FOR : , ticked; bloodlines: Count Oakley. Gladstone, Druid, WIRE and SMOOTH-HAIRED FOX TERRIERS of all ages for sale. Apply G. M. CARNOCHAN, New City, Count Noble. Ruby, etc.; also high-classed, trained brood- Rockland Co., N. Y. bitch and one young Dachshund dog; house and field broken. Thos. NITSCHE, Steinway Hall, New York City. PUBLICATIONS BEAUTIFUL IRISH SETTERS. Puppies from prize winning trained hunting stock. CULBERTSON KENNELS, BOOK ON Atlantic, Iowa. DOG DISEASES FIELD TRIAL WINNER. English Setter dog for sale, also puppies. E. R. SANDFORD, Byfield, Mass. and how to feed BUYS a handsome, thoroughly trained setter. Box 6, Mailed free to any address by the author. $50 Codorus, Pa. H. Clay Glover, V. S. 1278 Broadway, N. Y. up. sin or ours. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER I WANTED WANT TO BUY a first-class 16-gauge shot gun. KIMBALL, Sunbury, Ohio. OWEN REAL ESTATE FOR SALE-Continued FORTY-THREE THOUSAND ACRES in FLORIDA Fenced, Keeper's House, Roads and Trails, on River, Rail- road three miles, no huntirig three years, Bear, Panther, Deer, Turkey, Quail, Salt and Fresh Water Fish. $40,000 tèrms. H. L. ANDERSON, Owher, OCALA, FLORIDA SALESMEN WANTED TRAVELLER'S Baltimore Rye. Wanted reliable repre- sentatives to take four quart orders for this Famous Baltimore Maryland Whiskey amongst their friends and ac- quaintances. Shipments to go C.O. D. expressage prepaid and with no marks on cases whatsoever. We are a perfectly reliable house, established 1858, and want reliable represen- tatives only. Experience unnecessary. Write to-day for full particulars. The SeverN COMPANY (Incorporated), Baltimofe, Md. FOX, DEER, COON Other game and good fishing to be found on many of our low cost New Hampshire and Vermont farms, from $300 up; cir- cular mailed free upon request. Dept. 24. P. F. LELAND; 113 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass. FOR SALE, hundred acres, in Cornish, New Hampshire, near Little New York. Beautiful mountain view. A. K. HALL, Windsor, Vt. FOR SALE-REAL ESTATE FOR RENT Island Camp of 550 Acres for Rent in Northern Wisconsin; Six separate log houses. Splendid fishing and plenty of deer in season. Address John A. Chapman, Agent, 1212—Stock Exchange Building, Chicago Ills. INDIAN GOODS FOR SALE MOCCASINS MOCCASINS made of moose skin by Indians. soft, warm. Children's sizes, 750 $1.50. Adults' sizes, *1.50. A few pairs of The above view only represents a portion of that beautiful country hair seal, $2.00, and high lacing style for outdoors, $2.50. Postpaid. Send foot out- ihome of nearly 30 acres on lake adjoining city of Pontiac, Michigan; line. Klickates mats shown in background made of inner cedar bark by Washington iten minutes' walk to electric cars to Detroit, Michigan; modern 12- Indians, in beautiful colors and designs. All room solid brick house, hardwood finish, barn, power house, ice sizes. Prices on request. R. T. HOPKINS, 631 Sanford Ave., Thouse (full of ice), hennery, etc.; buildings cost $16,000 five and Flushing, N. Y. 'one-half years ago; owner must sell on account of his business. Hood, Room 28 Cleland Bldg. A magnificent collection of Indian Beadwork, Baskets, Blankets, Detroit, Michigan. Quill and Feather Work. Pottery, Furs, etc., numbering over 700 pieces, will be rented for a term of years a reliable institution for exhibition purposes. For in Green Hills of Vermont and Lake Champlain particulars, write Terms $4 to $10 per week W. A. BENTON New trains between Boston, New York, Springfield and Palisade Nevada Vermont points. As good as any on the Continent. 150 page illustrated brochure mailed free on receipt of 6c. FOR DEN OR CABINET I offer prehistoric Indian relics. in stamps for postage. modern Indian trophies, Navajo blankets, elk tusks, pioneer Address A. W. ECCLESTONE, S. P. A., Central Vermont crockery, antique pistols, weapons from wild tribes, etc. "List 3c. N. E, CARTER, Elkhorn, Wis. Ry.. 385 Broadway, New York. WILD DUCK SHOOTING NAKALABLANKETS, Indian baskets and genuine Aztec relics. Reliable goods. . I have for sale one of the finest marshes in the MISCELLANEOUS celebrated "Back Bay" of Currituck Sound for wild duck shooting, particularly fine for Canvas LARGE Rocky Mountain Sheep. Head, Buffalo Calf Robe Back and Red Heads. . Ali in excellent condition. The quality and accessibility of this property is Herbert Whyte, care The Outing Publishing Co. unsurpassed. For particulars write, C. H. Bull, Norfolk, Va. TAXIDERMIST SUMMER HOMES FRED SAUTER, Taxidermist DAIRY FARM Established 1860, Formerly No. 3 412 Acres No. William St. Well watered; valuable timber; four miles from Hightstown, Removed to 42 Bleecker St., one mile from Sharon Station, on Pemberton and Hightstown Railroad. Fine Game Preserve. Apply to cor. Lafayette St., Tel. 4569 Spring JOHN P. HUTCHINSON, will continue to Bordentown, N.J. 1002 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, please customers with the best durable work. Also carry large assortment of Game Heads, Rugs, and attractive groups, for sale and to rent. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER HUNTING HOTELS More Moose The Gregorian AND Bigger Moose 35th Street West, between Fifth Avenue and Herald Square, New York are shot in the New Brunswick woods than anywhere else on the American continent; also Deer, Caribou, Bears and wild fowl of all kinds. Write to Elegantly appointed Hotel-centrally located. Entirely new. Absolutely fireproof. European plan. Refined patronage solicited. . Tourist Association St. John, New Brunswick, Canada for names of guides and full information Write for illustrated booklet “C.” The Log Cabin, Spruce Lake, Newfoundland THE HEALTHIEST CLIMATE IN THE WORLD" CARIBOU season opened Aug. Ist. Close season Oct. Ist. to 20th. Full equipment and large staff of guides. Write for particulars The PRACTICAL DOG BOOK GUIDES For both professional and amateur fanciers. A complete treatise on the canine family. Over 100 engravings, illustrating all known breeds, giving practical hints about the care of dogs, and instructions for treating their dis- “LION HUNTING” eases. in the Rocky Mountains; also Lynx and The most practical and complete book of its Wolf. Bear in Spring and Fall; also Elk, kind ever published. 125 pages. Deer, Goat and Sheep in season. Special camps all prepared for Lion and Lynx hunting in Winter; every possible Sent prepaid to any address for 15 cents arrangement for comfort of hunting par- ties; a good pack of well trained Lion and THE BOHEMIAN CO. Bear dogs. Dept. C, DEPOSIT, NEW YORK The best country in America To-day. Correspondence solicited. READ THE J. K. STADLER (Guide) Ovando, Powell County, Montana BY DILLON WALLACE CARIBOU AND MOOSE the third installment of which will appear in FOR HUNTING TRIPS in Canada, for Caribou and Moose, address F. DE ST. LAURENT, Care of THE OUTING MAGAZINE The OUTING MAGAZINE For October When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE Long Labrador Trail THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER ARE YOU ENGAGED: COPYRIGHT, 1806. HY KEPPLER & SCHWARZWANS EVOLUTION OF THE ENGAGEMENT RING. By Shef Clarke. Photo Gelatine Print, 12 x 9 in. PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS. IF If you have ever been engaged, if you are engaged, if you contemplate being engaged, or if you know anybody who is engaged, you will want a copy of this delicate conception of one of the possibilities of matrimony. Thousands of copies have been sold during the past few weeks. This is but one example of the PUCK PROOFS. Send Four Cents for Catalogue with over Fifty Miniature Reproductions. Art Stores and Dealers supplied by THE ANDERSON PUBLISHING CO., 32 Union Square, New York, Address PUCK, New York 290-304 Lafayette Street Sexology GNORANCE of the laws of self and sex will not excuse infraction of Na- ture's decree. The knowledge vital to What Press Clippings Mean to You A Happy Marriage has been collected from the experi- ence of the ages, in SEXOLOGY (Illustrated) By William H. Walling, A. M., M. D., It contains in one volume : Knowledge a Young Man Should Have. Knowledge a Young Husband Should Have. Knowledge a Father Should Have. Knowledge a Father Should Impart to His Son. Medical Knowledge Husband Should Have. Knowledge a Young Woman Should Have. Knowledge a Young Wife Should Have. Knowledge a Mother Should Have. Knowledge a Mother Should Impart to Her Daughter. Medical Knowledge a Wife Should Have. "Sexology” is endorsed and is in the libraries of the heads of our government and the most eminent physicians, preachers, professors and lawyers.throughout the country. Rich Cloth Binding, Full Gold Stamp, Illustrated, $2.00 Write for " Other People's Opinions " and Table of Contents Puritan Pub. Co., Dept. 147, Phila, Pa. Press : !ipping information is information you can obtain in no other way. As a business aid, Press Clippings will place before you every scrap of news printed in the country pertaining to your business. They will show you every pos- sible market, big and little,.for your goods, open- ings that you would never even hear about in the ordinary way, and they give you this in- formation while it is fresh and valuable. If you have a hobby or wish information upon any subject or topic, press clippings will give you all the current information printed on the subject. The cost for any purpose is usually but a few cents a day. The INTERNATIONAL PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU, the largest press clipping bureau in the world, reads and clips 55,000 papers and other period- icals each month, and even if you are now a subscriber to some other clipping bureau, it will pay you to investigate our superior service. Write for our book about Press Clippings and our Daily Busi- ness Reports, and ask about The International Information Bureau, which supplies complete manuscripts or material or addresses, essays, lectures and debates, and complete and relia- ble information upon any subject at a reasonable cost. Address International Press Clipping Bureau, 114 Boyce Bldg., Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER THE BALANCE OF POWER The New American Novel Sy BY ARTHUR GOODRICH Illustrated by OTTO TOASPERN A strong man who reminds you somehow of Abraham Lincoln in his simplicity and broad vision; A clever, generous fellow, his friend, who calls himself “a confounded play-actor," but who is much more than that; A girl of many moods, plucky in the hour of trial, sensitive, eternally feminine and charming, whom both love; These, with the sage Colonel; Mr. Lumpkin, with his megaphonic voice; Joe Heffler, “who ain't any good”; Jimmy O'Rourke, of “the Cabinet"; a typical American mother, and a dozen others, are the leading characters of a vital struggle of everyday American life. A strong, true American story, that grips you in the beginning, and sweeps you off your feet in the end. Price, $1.50 ... The ... Outing Publishing Company 35 and 37 West 31st Street New York THE BALANCE OF POWER When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER FOUR SUCCESSFUL BOOKS The Throwback By Alfred Henry Lewis (A stirring, fighting, romantic story of the old Southwest.) $1.50 "A story of power and fascination."--Salt Lake Tribune. "A rollicking good story of adventure.”—Grand Rapids Herald. "There is a breeziness in every chapter, a guarantee that something will and does happen, and the atmosphere of the West is well caught."-Courier-Journal, Louisville, K’y. "Mr. Lewis has that quality without which no one is a novelist, however refined and cultivated- the power to interest the reader, which means the ability to tell the story-a gift not a creation." -New York World. "A great and amazing story.".-Vew York Sun. "It is a rousing good story and keeps the pulse tingling and interest at the qui vive point."- Baltimore Herald. "It is good reading too, as romantic as Mayne Reid."—N. Y. Times Saturday Review. “An enjoyable story, thrilling in incident, clever in character drawing, and full of picturesque description and the peculiar humor of the plains."- Chicago Inter Ocean. “For pure excitement it excels any like tale of adventure written in recent times."-Spokesman- Review, Spokane. The Praying Skipper By Ralph D. Paine (The swing of the sea and the strength of men.) $1.50 "They are full of life and action, and not one of them fails to grip and hold the attention of the reader until the last page is turned." - News, Baltimore, Md. "Noticeable for go, vigor and outdoor feeling."--New York Sun. "Manly, sincere stories."- Globe and Commercial Adrertiser, New York. "Stories of human interest, deep feeling, great virility, pathos and power." Southern Star, Atlanta. "A genuineness and reality that are as refreshing as the sea breezes he sends scudding across his pages."--Evening Telegraph, Philadelphia. "All full of dash and life and many which leave tears in the eyes of the reader."-- Post Intelligencer, Seattle. "Any man that can write stories which a reviewer wants to read a second time is a man for whom to give thanks.”—The World To-Day, Chicago. "They possess a perfection of form and treatment combined with a knowledge of inner human nature that is only occasionally met with in literature.”—Courier- Journal, Louisville, K’y. "The Praying Skipper' was worthy of Kipling and the story itselí couldn't have been bettered by putting Rudyard's name to it.”—Cleveland, Ohio, Leader. The Lucky Piece By Albert Bigelow Paine (A love story and a mystery.) $1.50 "There is a mystery about it that holds the interest to the end."--Bookseller, Newsdealer and Stationer, Ñ. Y. "An agreeable piece of work and we are sure that many a reader will think as much."-N. Y. Sun. "A story that will hold attention throughout."- Every Evening, Wilmington, Del. "Sympathetic interpretation of nature in her half tamed aspects, from the breath of the woods and the invigorating quality of the mountain life in which the most of the tale is set."-N. Y'. Tribune. "A love story with the appealing winsome quality and depth of feeling that belong with good love stories. Altogether pleasing and satisfying." —Herald, Grand Rapids, Mich. “The sweet and pure breath of the mountains permeates it from cover to cover.”—Evening Tele- gram, Veu l'ork. "Something of the mystery of the vastness of the range is breathed into the story by the writer who sustains interest from beginning to the end. It is one of the best shorter novels of the last two years."-Daily Times, Davenport, la. "Suffice it to say Mr. Paine has handled his material well, written an interesting story, and put any number of pounds of good old Adirondack air pressure on every page."— Register and Leader, Des Moines, la. Side Show Studies By Francis Metcalfe (A book of rare good humor.) $1.25 "Reminds one of Artemus Ward's Kangaroo.'"-Southern Star, Atlanta. "Amusing, instructive and entertaining." Evening Standard, New Bedford. The Outing Publishing Company 35 and 37 West 31st Street, New York When Corresponding With Advertisers . Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER BY GROVER CLEVELAND FISHING AND SHOOTING SKETCHES This book of calm, genial philosophy and opinion will be a kind of sportsman's creed for this generation, and for many generations to come. It is a guidebook to the spirit of true sportsmanship. ILLUSTRATED BY HY. S. WATSON Price $1.25 net; $1.35 Postpaid THE BOOK OF Sound horse sense about the CAMPING AND ways of the woods, written by a man of long experience, by a man who loves the wild, by a man with schol- arly attention to smallest details, and, best of all, by a man who can write. In its way, a masterpiece. WOODCRAFT BY A book which every outdoor man HORACE KEPHART or woman must have, and a book which every indoor man or woman should read. ILLUSTRATED PRACTICALLY AND DECORATIVELY Price (cloth) $1.50 net; (leather) $2.00 net The Outing Publishing Company 35 and 37 West 31st Street, New York When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER -The Outing Magazine For October WE an Reduced from illustration accompanying Dillon Wallace's “The Long Labrador Trail," in The OUTING MAGAZINE for October E have tried to make the October number of THE OUTING MAGAZINE a typical autumn number, and we think we have succeeded. First of all, we follow THE LONG LABRADOR TRAIL deeper into the wild, to Lake Nippisish. Mr. Wallace's story grows more interesting as he plunges farther and farther away from civilization into the heart of the unknown Labrador. Again and again throughout this story of adventure and endurance, there recurs the old tragic note, the devotion of Wallace to Hubbard's memory—the thing which sent Wallace off upon this second remarkably successful journey. To the majority of the people THE BUCCANEERS, the old Spanish adven- turers who infested the American coast at the time when discoveries and swash- buckling adventures were part of every day life, are merely a name, hidden some- where in the romantic history of the past. John R. Spears, in the series of fact stories which he is telling in THE OUTING MAGAZINE, is making them real. These articles are strikingly interesting as stories as well as being valuable as his- tory. In October he tells stories about Bartholomew Portuguese, Roche Brazi- liano and Pierre Francois. Hidden treas- ure, fights with cutlass and pistol, sea battles of the old romantic kind; all these things mingle in Mr. Spears' stories, and the best part of it all is that they are true. There is always a peculiar charm about Scotch humor, Scotch pathos, and incidentally, Scotch dialect. Horace an Reduced from N. C. Wyeth's painting for "The Buccaneers," used as frontispiece, in color, in 'THE OUTING MAGAZINE for October. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Reduced from one of Clifton Johnson's illustra- tions for “Farm Life in Iowa," in The OUTING MAGAZINE for October have caught, almost photographically in his story, the everyday life of the modern stroller, to whom the Rialto is the near- est thing to home in life. Hy. S. Wat- son's drawings, as usual, add much to Mr. Davis's text. A story could hardly be uninteresting whose characters are named Teddy and Bennie and their wives, familiarly known as “The Pudding Sisters"_"Macaroni" and “Tapioca.” Free and easy and good humored as is this story of how THE PUDDING SISTERS WENT HUNT- ING, it is filled with practical fact as to how women may best enjoy and en- dure a roughing-it trip in the Western mountains. IS THE INCREASE TO HEART WEAKNESS DUE TO OVER-WORK? G. Elliot Flint answers this question with his usual common sense and authority. It seems a pity to have to announce the ending of such a remarkable serial as WHITE FANG. To those who have not read the earlier chapters of Jack London's story, we can only suggest that they follow the habit of a certain friend of ours, and read the last chapter first. If they do this they will wish all the others. The short stories which are being printed now-a-days are legion, but really good short stories—that one remembers for months afterward—are uncommon. Lawrence Mott can almost always be de- pended upon to write such memorable stories. THE CURRENT OF FEAR in October is one of his best. We read it first a number of months ago, and we still see and feel the tragic picture of the drunken outcast, following the vicious team of dogs across the northern wilder- ness ... There are strangely differing opinions regarding Gouverneur Morris's WINKLER stories. Only the other day, two of our best friends differed radically about them. There is no dif- ference of opinion, however, about Gouv- erneur Morris's charm as a writer, or Reduced from full page painting by Oliver Kemp, printed in color in The OUTING MAGAZINE for October When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER about the interest in the change in sub- ject matter which the Winkler Stories mark in his career. THE PEST HOUSE, in October, is typical of the series... Maximilian Foster's AFTER GROUSE WITH HIRAM is a charac- teristic Foster story. Mr. Foster has done nothing so good as these out-of-door sketches, since his group of stories some years ago, which appeared in one of the other magazines. To round out the fiction number there are a rattling little fox-hunting story by Alfred Stoddart, PINATON entitled A QUESTJON OF BITS, and a weird little Story, THE GHOSTLY STOWAWAY, by Joseph W. Strout. Several little out-of-door stories are also One of Hy. S. Watson's drawings illustrating "The Rialto," by Charles Belmont Davis worth reading There will, of course, be the usual View-Point by Caspar Whitney, and the usual practical articles by such authoritative writers as F. M. Ware, Joseph A. Graham, Dan Beard, Clarence Deming and others. Many people have commented on the color plates from paintings which have appeared from time to time in THE OUTING MAGAZINE this year. A number of letters have reached us, particularly in regard to the May and August numbers. In October there will be color inserts from paintings by N. C. Wyeth, Oliver Kemp, and others, besides black and white illustrations by such artists as Frederic Dorr Steele, Hy. S. Watson, and others. Among a large number of photographs, two full page pictures of Japanese out-door scenes, “In the Land of the Lotus,” are striking. The test of good magazine making is that each month's issue shall be at least a little better than that of the previous month. We have seldom, if ever, made THE OUTING MAGAZINE better than it will be in October. =The Outing Magazine For October "In the Land of the Lotus," reduced from one of the full page illustrations in THE OUTING MAGAZINE for October. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER GET A COPY OF The September Bohemian FROM YOUR NEWSDEALER IT CONTAINS: Old Si Smith Maltee Margheri A Legend of Bohemia OTHER By RALPH D. PAINE ATTRACTIONS A pathetic little story of an old man in the city who longs for the farm of BOHEMIA By H. K. SCHOFIELD his younger days. FOR LOVE AND LOYALTY By W. H. DURHAM By GEORGE ALLAN ENGLAND AN ILL-PAID WORKER A strong story of Mediterranean life By H. W. FRANCIS and an English soldier who had “no LOVE AND THE right to see behind her black Maltee LOTUS FLOWER veil." By WILLIAM W. WHITELOCK THE FIRST By EDGAR WHITE ROSE OF SUMMER A Bohemian story exceptionally clever By MINNA IRVING and original in its mode of treatment. THE IDYL OF THE BUNGALOW By E. C. DICKENSON By M. A. BRADY THE “BLACK DOG" A political story in which love is By R. C. PITZER stronger than a political pull.” ROBBERY By E. L UNDERWOOD By LAVINIA H. EGAN BOHEMIANA The story of a Southern girl who By WILLIAM J. LAMPTON asked the prayers of the church that STAGELAND she might be made pretty. By W. G. BEECROFT Hostages to Fortune A Miracle PRICE 10 CENTS A COPY THE BOHEMIAN MAGAZINE DEPOSIT NEW YORK When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER FOR THE LATEST ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS CONSULT THE New York Tribune Its News is FRESH, RELIABLE and COMPREHENSIVE AT ALL NEWS STANDS. BUY A COPY TO-DAY When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER THE OUTING MAGAZINE Is a Good Example of Good Printing Good Printing T: is absolutely essential to business success 3 HIS is done at our own plant- The Outing Press - at Deposit, N. Y. I Besides THE OUTING MAGAZINE, we print five other maga- zines, books, and general commercial and private printing for those who appreciate fine work. Q Our plant is fully equipped with Monotype and Linotype machines, electrotype foundry and rapid presses. g Every machine is the latest and best that can be purchased. Every workman is of the best class in his respective line. 9 Every piece of work undertaken is given the individual attention of a competent superintendent. Nothing is too small - nothing too large-for us to estimate upon cheerfully WE INVITE YOUR CORRESPONDENCE THE OUTING PRESS DEPOSIT NEW YORK :: When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER READ THE NEW YORK PRESS Special Sunday Sporting Section When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER THE PRUDENTIAL MAS THE STRENGTH OF GIBRALTAR The Harvest Will Be Certain If you take out an Endowment or Life Policy in The Prudential. You can thus save small sums, and assure yourself, or family, a substantial income at a later date, when most needed. Every year The Prudential is paying out Millions of Dollars of Life Insurance to policyholders who are reaping the Harvest of their forethought. This money is being used to support families, educate children, furnish business capital and provide incomes. You wish to reap the BEST harvest for yourself? Write The Prudential to-day. It has something interesting to tell you. Address Dept. 85 THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA Incorporated as a Stock Company by the State of New Jersey JOHN F. DRYDEN, President Home Office, NEWARK, N. J. ĐH, N When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER A Club Cocktail IS A BOTTLED DELIGHT Insure Your Pleasure when Fishing, Sailing, Camping, Hunt- ing, Golfing, Motoring or staying at home by keeping a supply of a Evans Ale always on hand. It doubles the bene- fits and pleasures of an outing and is the most dependable and satisfying beverage for all occasions. ex- The Perfect Drink for Summer Outings cool, refreshing and stimulating delight for the cnic' in the woods—the autoniobile party-all itdoor sports. CLUB COCKTAILS are uisitely blended from choicest liquors, aged and iellowed to delicious taste, flavor and aroma. Seven varieties-each one delicious. Order CLUB from your Dealer G. F. HEUBLEIN & BRO., Sole Props. artford New York London JUST THE THING FOR AN OUTING ANY DEALER WILL SUPPLY IT C. H. EVANS & SONS Established 1786 Brewing and Bottling Works HUDSON, N. Y. When in doubt as to the lens to buy, write to the OPTICAL WORKS They Have a Lens for Every Purpose" The CELOR, for Portraits and Groups. The DAGOR, a general lens. The ALETHAR, for Process Work and Color Photography. The SYNTOR, for Kodaks and small cameras. The PANTAR, a convertible anastigmat. The HYPERGON, an extreme wide angle (135 degrees). But as an ALL-AROUND Lens for GENERAL WORK nothing equals the GOERZ DAGOR 16.8—a symmetrical double Anastigmat, which is proclaimed with- out a peer by all expert photographers, professionals or amateurs. It is THÉ Standard Anastigmat by which the value of all other lenses is measured. We court inspection. We want you to realize what these lenses actually are, to investigate and ascer- tain their numerous advantages. We give you a ten days' trial free of charge. Don't be bashful about it. Just send us the name and address of your dealer or write for our Lens catalogue. C. P. GOERZ OPTICAL WORKS 58 Union Square, NEW YORK, and Heyworth Building, Chicago. BERLIN PARIS LONDON ST. PETERSBURG When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER WALTER J. TRAVIS IN THE TOURNAMENT AT ENGLEWOOD, N. J.. PUTTING ON THE 9TH GREEN FIFTY YEARS' TEST ' PROVES 16 MUNTEA HUNTER MUNTEA HUNTER RYE BEST. FINE, RICH FLAVOR MUNTEA HUNTEA Sold at all first-class cafes and by jobbers. WM. LANAHAN & SON, Baltimore, Md. When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE QUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER PURE SPARKLINGNEAUNEUS ROCK MINERAL SPRINGS WAUKESHAWISS TRADE MARK "WATER freshes and delights with its Good luck, good health and good fellowship follow the opening of each bottle of sparkling The Incomparable Mineral Water -the WHITE ROC COOL AYS White Rock UTHIA WHITE natural effervescent purity. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER PRICE 25 CENTS "Gording TRADE MARK REG. IN U.S. PAT. OFF. KEE GARTER STANDS FOR COMFORT AND FASHION Fordon es Among Sportsmen PA ABST Blue Ribbon is the favorite beer. Most nutri- tious, refreshing, invigora- ting, pure and clean, and aged for months before leaving the brew- ery, it is healthful and satisfying beer. It is the best to the taste, has a fine “body'' and lots of life. These superior qualities make it the popular beer in camp, at the club, in the home,-wherever real beer quality is appreciated. Here's just what you've been looking for a simple garter which is neat, high class, and one which can be adjusted to the sock in a moment without fumbling or unneces- sarytrouble. The open grip makes garter- wearing a comfort. They are the most at- tractive and satisfactory OPEN garter produced. "Gor- GRIP don' Garters have "Gordon" Adjustable Buckles, to match"Gor- don" Suspenders. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR THE S H&M. Co. 299 MERCER ST. NEW YORK GORDONI MEG! CO. If you wear Gordon Suspenders you should wear Gordon Garters, as you will be more than pleased with their neat simplicity. They hold the socks but do not tear them, All good dressers love to wear them. Ask your dealer to get you 'Gordon Garters if he does not carry, them, or, we will send you a pair. SOLE SELLING AGENTS FOR 2 Pabst Blue Ribbon Most Valu e for the Money Beer is brewed from Pabst exclu- sive eight-day malt, choicest hops and pure water. Pabst exclusive eight-day malt is grown from finest selected barley, without any rushed or unnatural development. It retains in Pabst Beer all the rich food elements of the barley in predigested form. It makes Pabst Beer so nourishing and gives it a rare flavor of malt to blend with its delicate flavor of hops. Keep a case of Pabst Blue Rib. bon in your home and have your camp well supplied with it when you go hunting or fishing. When buying merchandise you consider quality, quantity and price. You want to know that you are getting full measure; that what you purchase is of the best quality, and that you are paying the lowest price. If you get the three combined you are satisfied with your purchase. THE OUTING MAGAZINE The blue ribbon on on every bottle is a guarantee to you. offers such a combination to the adver- tiser. THE OUTING MAGAZINE appeals to the classes that have money to spend - to both the substantial middle class and the more wealthy. THE OUTING MAG- AZINE guarantees a circulation of 100,000 live, purchasing Americans. It is an un- surpassed medium. Write for rates. Post A. C. HOFFMAN THOS. T. BLODGETT Advertising Manager Western Representative 85-37 W. 31st St., Now York City 1616 Heyworth Bldg., Chicago, m. When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER ONE OF OVER A HUNDRED After Shaving Use MENNEN'S BORATED TALCUM TOILET POWDER and insist that your barber use it also. It is Antiseptic, and will prevent any of the skin diseases often contracted. A positive relief for Sunburn, Chafing, and all afflictions of the skin. Removes all odor of perspiration. Get Mennen's—the original. Sold every- where or mailed for 25 cents. Sample free. Try Jennen's Violet (Borated) Talcum. GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. "SAW EDGES" ARE NEVER FOUND ON ARROW COLLARS "SECTIONAL BOOK CASES GUNN ROLLER BEARING como NO IRON BANDS THE CLUPECO PROCESS MINI- MIZES THE CHANCE FOR ROUGH EDGES, AS IT ELIMIN- ATES FOREIGN SUBSTANCES FROM THE FABRIC BEFORE CUTTING, AND HENCE THE NEEDLE DOES NOT CUT AND BREAK THE CLOTH WHEN THE DIFFERENT PLIES ARE PUT TOGETHER. THESE COLLARS ARE MADE IN OVER 100 STYLES, ALL IN CORRECT QUARTER SIZES THAT MEANS FOUR INSTEAD OF TWO SIZES TO THE INCH. YOU ARE SURE TO FIND YOUR SIZE AND STYLE IN THE COL- LECTION. WRITE FOR BOOKLET AND DEALER'S NAME. CLUETT, PEABODY & Co., LARGEST MAKERS OF COLLARS AND SHIRTS IN THE WORLD 441 RIVER STREET, TROY, N. Y. REMOVABLE DOOR You Don't get Done when you buy a “Gunn" STYLES Roller Bearing, Non-Binding Doors No Insightly Iron Bands. Complete Catalog Sent Free. Gunn Sectional Book Cases Are Made Only ARCLAY 2 15 CENTS EACH FOR 25€ Gunn Furniture Co., GRAND KAPIN MICHIGAN When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER OUTING DAYS 17 A NEW KODAK uticura 21 PSOAP For preserving, purifying, and beautifying the skin, scalp, hair, and hands, for irritations of the skin, heat rashes, tan, sunburn, bites and stings of insects, lame- ness and soreness inciden- tal to summer sports, for sanative, antiseptic cleans- ing, and for all the purposes of the toilet and bath Cuti- cura Soap, assisted by Cuti- cura Ointment, is priceless. for pictures 414 x 612 inches The new 4A Folding Kodak makes the taking of large pictures a simple matter -it gets away from the conven- tional sizes yet is as simple to operate as a Pocket Kodak. In its construction nothing has been neg- lected. The lenses are of high speed (1.8), strictly rectilinear and being of 872 inch focus insure freedom from distortion. The shutter is the B. & L. Automatic, an equipment hav- ing great scope in automatic exposure, yet so simple that the amateur can master its workings after a few minutes examination. Equipped with our automatic focusing lock, brilliant reversible finder with hood and spirit level, rising and sliding front and two tripod sockets. A Triumph in Camera Making. Price, $35.00. EASTMAN KODAK CO. Rochester, N. Y. The Kodak City. Kodak Catalogues free at the dealers or by mail. Two Soaps in one at one price- namely, a Medicinal and Toilet Soap for 25c. Potter Drug & Chem. Corp., Sole Prope., Boston. BT Mailed Free, "Å Book for Women." When Corresponding with Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER “The Harder it Blows-the Brighter it Glows” THE Practically Indestructible Cigar Lighter Lights cigar, ciga- rette and pipe any- where, at any time -in wind, rain snow on land 2-3 actual size-With side remov- ed, show- ing fuse in position to light cigar, cigarette or prpe. . or Or sea. The Matchless Cigar Lighter The Matchless Cigar Lighter Fits the vest- pocket like a match box. Is always ready and never fails to work. guaranteed for two years. Is a necessity to the smoker, especially the Automobilist, Yachtsman, Golfer or Sports- man. It's Good Advice: Your dealer has (or can get) "The Matchless Cigar Lighter"—if he won't, we will mail you one postpaid with instructions for use and our two year guarantee on receipt of price, 50 cents. Illustrated and descriptive circulars on application. The Matchless Cigar Lighter Mfg. Co., Dept. 8 16 John Street, New York City, N. Y. DON'T be content with ordinary, every-day coffee - you are not doing yourself justice—you can serve yourself much better. DWINELL-WRIGHT CO'S DRINK YHITE HOUSE COFFEE SAVE 208 SHAVES $20.80 a year. Also save the razor, your face, time and temper by using “3 in One" on the blade. Bin One keeps the blade keen and clean, by prevent- ing surface rusting which is caused by moisture from the lather. Write for free sample and special “razor saver” circular. Why not know the truth? G. W. COLE COMPANY, 123 Washington Life Bldg., New York City. 3 JUST MAIL US YOUR FILMS BOSTON BEST ROASTED GROCERS and enjoy the pleasure of its deliciousness and the satisfac- tion of feeling sure of its absolutely sanitary condi- tion and purity. OUR GUARANTEE. Starting with the very finest berries money can buy, White House Coffee is prepared for market in the cleanest, best lighted, best ventilated coffee establishment in the world. Automatic machinery working in pure air and sunlight handles the coffee without the touch of a hand, through every process to the canning in 1, 2 and 3 lb. packages as you will only find it in the stores. It's never sold in bulk. Kodak Doveloping by Mail 10o. Per Roll. Solio and Velox printing, mounted or un- mounted. 3% x3 500. per doz. 3-A & 4x 5, 6oc. per doz. Our new patent process insures highest results. All prints returned within 36 hours. Send price and 5c. return postage with order. KERR'S STUDIO, Sistersville, W. Va. Castle Dome Cut Plug DWINELL-WRIGHT COMPANY, Principal Coffee Roasters, BOSTON and CHICAGO. THE BEST SMOKE FOR THE PIPE in America. Made from Old Virginia Sun-Cured Tobacco. Money refunded if it bites or burns the tongue. Sent prepaid postage 750 Pound. Large Sample 10c. JASPER L. ROWE, RICHMOND, VA. Estab. 1880 Ref: Broad st. Bank When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER WINCHESTEI METALLIC CARTRIDGES FOR RIFLES, REVOLVERS AND PISTOLS In forty years of gun making we have learned many things about ammunition that no one could learn in any other way. These discov- eries and years of experience in manufacturing ammunition enable us to embody many fine points in Winchester make of cartridges not to be found in any other brand. Winchester make of cartridges in all calibers are accurate, sure fire and exact in size. Always ask for Winchester make and insist upon getting it. Winchester Ammunition and Guns are sold everywhere WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO. NEW HAVEN, CONN. 0 T 0 Washburne Fasteners THE FASTENER WITH A BULL-DOG GRIP. Men swear by them, not at them. Patent Improved There is comfort and utility in their use. Key Chain and Ring, 25c. Scarf Holders.. 10c. Cuff Holders. .. 20c. Bachelor Buttons 10c. LITTLE, BUT NEVER LET GO. Sent postpaid. Sold Everywhere. Catalogue free. AMERICAN RING COMPANY, Dept. 48. WATERBURY, CONN When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER DEATA SHOT SMOKTELESS Stability A Bulk Powder for Shot Guns of Guaranteed... AMERICAN POWDER MILLS June 1st, at an exhibition Shoot at San Antonio, Texas, Mrs. Ad. Topperwein shot at 500 targets in two hours and 25 minutes, making the remarkable record of 485 breaks without inconvenience from recoil. She chose to use Dead Shot Smokeless powder. “ July 4th, R. R. Barber won high average at Jackson- ville, III., with 173-175, which included a run of 103 straight. He chose to use Dead Shot Smokeless." Dead Shot Smokeless thoroughly meets the requirements of discrim- inating sportsmen. Branded with the name of a house whose goods are most favorably known, it will always be the powder of a “known quantity,” unsurpassed in any particular. Clean Shooting, makes a perfect pattern, high velocity, safe, is unaffected by climate. Have your shells loaded with “Dead Shot Smokeless.” Your dealer will gladly supply it. If you are in doubt write to us. Write to us any way for booklet. AMERICAN POWDER MILLS, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. ST. LOUIS, MO. CHICAGO, ILL. The VON LENGERKE & DETMOLD "Kiis Air Rifle 349 FIFTH AVENUE Opposite the Wal- Near 34th Street dorf-Astoria New York Dealers, Importers and Manufacturers of HIGH-GRADE SPORTSMEN'S SUPPLIES Catalogue Free on Application Just what your boy needs. The “King” is, It gives him enjoyment in out- without any ques- door life, that physical ex- tion, the best Air Rifle in the world, ercise, steadiness of nerve and because of its healthful training which de- strength of make, velops self-reliance, confidence, beauty of finish manliness. and accuracy in No danger. Popular for shooting. parlor and lawn target shoot- At leading deal- ing. ers or sent express Our “King” 500 Shot is a paid on receipt of price. (Other hammerless, magazine repeat "King" Models ing rifle. Shoots 500 times $1.00 and $1.25.) without re-loading. Any Send for our free boy can operate it easily. book for boys Polished Walnut stock, "How Jimmy Got nickeled steel bar- a King." rel, splendid sights, THE MARKHAM only $1.50. Air Rifle Co. Shoots BB Shot and Plymouth, Mich. U.S. A. Darts. The Largest Air Rifle Factory in the World. KING 500 SHOT Guns, Rifles, Revolvers, Cutlery, Golf, Tennis, Cameras, Archery, Fishing Tackle, Fine Leather Goods, Automobile Sundries, Foot Ball Goods, Base Ball Goods, Croquet, Ammunition .. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER PETERSE AMMUNITION BEST FOR FIELD OR TARGETS TH \HOSE who have tried Peters Shells or Cartridges pro- nounce them incomparably superior to other makes (Peters Cartridges have been used by the winners of the UNITED STATES INDOOR RIFLE CHAMPIONSHIP nine successive years. Peters Shells have made many notable records in 1906, recent ones being the Eastern Handicap, Championships of Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, etc. These victories translated into plain truth, mean that you can shoot better than you ever did before if you will only use Peters Ammunition THE PETERS CARTRIDGE COMPANY NEW YORK, 98 Chambers St. CINCINNATI ( SENT FREE The Sportsman's Complete Guide 500 Pages-1,000 Illustrations New edition just from the press. Most common-sense Guide ever published. Com- plete information on HUNTING, FISHING, CAMP- ING and CAMP COOKING. A sportsman's library in one handsome volume, by "Buzzacott." A MONTH WRITE US TO-DAY. A POST CARD WILL DO. AMERICAN & CANADIAN SPORTSMEN'S ASSN., IN THE WOODS Box 788, ELGIN, ILLINOIS. For 4 cents postnge we will send froe n flat-folding poekot oup. A DAY FROM HOME THE OR A MONTH FROM Outing Magazine CIVILIZATION Whether you start out for a day in the APPEALS to every lover of America, Our field, or a month in the woods, your first Country: Out-door Life; Virile Fiction; consideration is to be adequately clothed Travel and Adventure in Remote Corners of to take the weather as it comes. After that the World; Country Life and Nature. ::: the problem of outfit gets more complicated, according to the length of the trip. YOU MAKE A MISTAKE DO NOT USE FOTOUSE AMERICA REELS Every detail for every sort of trip is The only new reels on the market. They pictured in our catalogue. You may have represent the greatest advance in reel con- it for the asking. struction in 25 years. The original and only " TAKE DOWN." Full- ABERCROMBIE & FITCH COMPANY ball-bearing Micrometer drag. Complete Outfits for Explorers, Campers, Patent throwout automatic Level Prospectors and Hunters Winder Rockford Reels pivot bearing spiral gear $3.00 One door and $3.50. Ask your dealer but 57 READE ST. from Broadway NEW YORK don't take a substitute. We will ship direct. America Co., 158 North St., Momenee, m. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER PLURIBUS The DAISYAir Rifle ir The Shots that Hit are the Shots that count, -Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt is right! The men who made this country great were the hardy, rugged pioneers who were taught by their fathers, not only to shoot, but to hit the mark. The future of our country depends on the boy of to-day. Is your boy getting the correct training ? Books won't do it all. Give him a Daisy Air Rifle, and teach him how to use it. The Daisy is a real gun modeled after the latest hammer- less rifle and shoots accurately, using compressed air instead of powder. 1.000 shots for 10 cents. No smoke, no noise, and perfectly safe in the hands of any boy 1,000-Shot Daisy, an Automatic Magazine Rifle - $2.00. Other Daisy Models $1.00 to $1.75. Sold by Hardware and Sporting Goods dealers everywhere, or delivered from factory anywhere in the United States on receipt of price. The "Daisy" book telling all about them free; write for it DAISY MFG. CO., 283 Union St., PLYMOUTH, MICH. THEY'RE MADE TO MEASURE Putman Boots. Go on like a glove and fit all over. For a Quarter of a Century Putman Boots have been the Standard among Western Hunters. Prospect- ors, Ran hmen and Engineers (who demand the best) and we have learned through our personal con- 'tact with them how to make a perfect boot. Putman Boots are in use in nearly every civilized country in the World. They are Genuine Hand Sewed, Water Proofed, Made to measure, Del. ivery charges prepaid, and cost no more than others. Send for catalogue of over 30 different 8.yles of boots, and self measurement blank. Also Indian Tanned Moosehide Moccasins. Illustration shows No.200,14 inches high. Bellows Tongue, Uppers are Special Chrome Tanned Calf Skin, tanned with the grain of the hide left on, making the lea- ther water Proof, black or brown color. Made to measure and delivered for $8.00 H. J. PUTMAN & CO., 32 HENNEPIN AVE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN Denz ITHACA NITRO BREECH FI EW shooters realize that the pressure ex- erted at the breech by an ordinary load of thousand pounds to the square inch and in some cases even much higher. To stand this enormous strain with safety, it is necessary that the barrels be extra strong and heavy at the breech, where strain is greatest. We have barrels made to our special order with extra heavy, double thick, Nitro breech which will stand a bursting pressure of about 40,000 pounds to the square inch, thus insuring absolute safety to the shooter. Send for Art Catalog describing our full line- seventeen grades in all, ranging in price from $17.75 net to $300 list. Lyman sights for evera Sour faithfully a Start Wité Dunedingew Zealand ITHACA GUN CO. Lock Box No. 2 Send for our 1906 Catalogue. JITHACA, N. Y. The Lyman Gun Sight Corporation, Middlefield, Connectient. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER HOE AKE DOWN VA The Satisfied QUA SALG that fulfills all his require- ments. A rifle that can be de- pended on in cases of emergencies. Such a one will be found in the SAVAGE “TAKE DOWN” RIFLE (Caliber 303, 30-30, 32-40, 38-55, 25-35) A new model easily and quickly taken apart for cleaning or pack- ing, and reassembled without the aid of any tool. The "Take Down” feature in no way interferes with the strength or accuracy of the weapon. It has a 26 inch bar- rel, with cylindrical magazine. Weight 7 3-4 pounds. Send for Catalogue and full description. Our Savage Featherweight Sporting Rifle is the lightest "big game” weapon ever made. Weight 6 pounds. Caliber 25-35, 30-30 and 303. SAVAGE ARMS COMPANY 299 Turner St., Utica New York, U. S. A. Big Game Hunting!!! THE OUTING MAGAZINE You are taking no chance when you visit Northern Maine 4634 Deer Our Record 207 Moose 38 Bear for the Season of 1905 Open Season 1906 Deer, October 1 to December 15 Moose, October 15 to December 1 Bangor & AROOSTOOK Railroad Our Sportsman's Guide Book “ IN THE MAINE WOODS” contains information in detail of inestima- ble value to every sportsman. Copy mailed anywhere for 10 cents in stamps to cover postage. Address, Guide Book 23, Bangor, Maine. C. C. BROWN General Passenger Agent Prints the best American fic- tion it can buy from the best American writers. In the world of play, it covers the whole gamut from the every-day horse and auto- mobile, to the making of sum- mer camps or the climbing of the world's highest mountains. It exploits no sensation. It employs no muck-rakers. It believes in its own land and its own people. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER lan CADILLAC Now Ready! Cadillac supremacy once more asserts itself in the announcement that Model H, the final and perfected four-cylinder car for 1907, is ready for immediate delivery. In improvement and mechanical finish this magnificent car out distances by at least two years any other car on the market. It has new features, but every one of them has been thoroughly tested and tried by months of severe service. Its tremendous power makes it a veritable wonder in hill climbing; countless miles of travel over the roughest mountain roads in the country without balk or delay prove its never-failing dependability. An automobile whose smooth and well- balanced action is almost marbelous when compared with what has heretofore been accepted as the highest type of motor car. Among the many features of the 1907 Cadillac are ease of control, due to our per- fect planetary transmission; a marine type governor, regulating the speed of the engine under all conditions; a new and exclusive double-acting steering device that greatly increases safety; an independent steel engine suspension, which maintains perfect alignment of motor and transmission at all times, saving much strain andwear. Model H is practically noiseless in operation; embodies the maximum of com- fort in riding. 30 horse power; capable of fifty miles an hour. Price, $2,500. Enjoy a demonstration by your nearest dealer. His address and descriptive booklet sent on request. Other Cadillac models are: Model K, Runabout, $750; Model M, Light Touring Car, $950. All prices 1. o. b. Detroit and do not include lamps. CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY, Detroit, Mich. Member Asso. Licensed Auto. Mfrs. J When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Model K WINTON Economy on “Up-Keep" HA OMELY, but expressive.-that English motoring term "Up-keep." "Maintenance" would mean the same thing with twice as many letters. "Up-keep" – that's the cussing phase of every Motorist's experience. That's where the so-called "Cheap Car" hits its Owner hardest. -Like buying a badly-built house, a: a bargain, which needs more repairs the very first year than the difference in price between it and a well-built house would have been. -Or, like buying an unfinished house, at a price that costs half as much more to finish, after supposed com- pletion, than it would have cost to finish it properly when in the original Builder's hands. Beware of the unfinished Cheap Car!-which has to be rebuilt by the Owner from month to month in Repairs and "Up-keep." Then this perfect-running mechanism has, for its long-life, and preservation, an infallible system of Lu- brication chat shoots the oil to each bearing, in the exact quantity needed for each revolution, at the exact time it is needed. This lubrication system does not depend on any mere gravity pressure, or other sight feed action. known to fail under the very conditions where lubrica- tion is most needed, -viz., hill-climbing, cold-weather, or choking up of the oil-leads. It shoots the oil to each bearing with such force that delivery would be made equally well, and equally sure, if the engine was turned upside down, the oil frozen, and the Motorist asleep. Moreover, there is not an ounce of oil wasted in a season's running by the new Model K System. The same is true of the new Compensating Car- buretor, which gives the maximum amount of Power for every pint of Gasoline consumed. And,-as to Repairs- Thiere should not be a dollar's outlay for Winton Model K Repairs the first year, with reasonably good management. Our book, "The Motor Car Dissected"-explains why, in detail. Copy free on request. * * The Winton Model K costs $2,500 when you first buy it. But you're through buying it when you've paid that first $2,500 cost, for it- Because, it is a fully-finished Car,-made of criti- cally tested materials and workmanship, the best that money can buy. It is, moreover, fully-equipped when you get delivo ery of it, fully-tested, and warranted to "make-good” on every claim put forward by its makers for it, It has every labor-saving, attention-saving. fuel- saving. lubrication-saving, and mind-resting device that the highest priced Car in the world should have. Every carload of metal received at the Winton shops has been thoroughly tested, on the powerful Riehle Testing Machine, for flaws, strength, and abso- lute dependability, before a pound of that metal has been accepted for use in the construction of Winton Model K Cars. Every bearing has been made of diamond-hard steel, ground to a mirror-like smoothness, and tested for absolute roundness, by the Calipers, to the thou- sandth part of an inch. The Winton Model Khas: -30 Horse Power, or better. -4 Cylinder Vertical Motor, which is self-starting from the Seat without "Cranking.'. -Anti-jar, Cone-contact, transmission. - Winton-Twin-springs that automatically adjust themselves to light loads or heavy loads, and save half the wear on Tires. - Big 34-inch Tires on Artillery Wheels. - Most accessible of all mechanism. - Magnificent Carriage body, with superb uphol. stering and dashing style. Price, $2,500-on comparison it will be found equal to the best $3,500 Car on the market this year. The Winton Motor Carriage Co., Dept. S, Cleveland, Ohio. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER $33 PACIFIC COAST TO THE Second-class one-way colonist tickets will be on sale via the Chicago, Union Pacific & North-Western Line to various points in California, Oregon and Washington, every day from September 15th to October 31st, inclusive. Daily and Personally Conducted Excursions in Pullman Tourist sleeping cars, through to San Francisco, Los Angeles and Portland without change, in charge of experienced con• ductors whose entire time is devoted to the comfort of passen. gers. The cost of a double berth, accommodating two people if desired, is only $7.00 from Chicago to the Coast. Full particulars concerning these excursions can be secured by addressing S. A. Hutchison, Manager Tourist Department, 212 Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. $625°CALIFORNIA THE AND RETURN This special low rate Chicago to San Francisco and Los Angeles is for strictly first-class round-trip tickets on sale daily September 3 to 14. Return limit October 31st. $75.00 round trip to San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, Portland and Puget Sound points, daily to Septem- ber 15th. Return limit October 31st. Round-trip tickets are good for passage on the electric lighted Overlang Limited, electric lighted Los Angeles Lim- ited and China and Japan Fast Mail, all through to the coast without change. The Best of UNION Everything PAGIFIC All agents sell tickets via this line. W. B. KNISKERN, P.1. M. Chicago & North- Western Ry. PCAT CHICAGO, ILL. THE ONLY DOUBLE TRACK RAILWAY BETWEEN CHICAGO AND THE MISSOURCRIVER NORTH WESTERN LINE 1015 OVERLAND When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Pipe The Outing Smokers! Magazine Spilman fixture is the wholesome, optimistic, thor- oughly American Magazine of the great out-doors. It covers the practical field, from the big lumber camps of the Northwest to the smallest commuter's garden outside our big cities. is the best pipe tobacco on the market. It is impossible to make a better mixture. The flavor and aroma of this tobacco are such that your friends will ask about it whether they smell it or smoke it. It is made from the choicest selected pure leaf without artificial flavoring of any kind; mixed, one pound at a time, by one who knows how. It contains no glycerine (most smoking tobaccos do). Without a Bite or a Regret It has organized some of the most re- markable travel and adventure expeditions of recent times, and the story of these ex- peditions has appeared and will appear in this magazine. If your dealer hasn't it send us your name on your business card or letter-head and we will mail you a can to try. Smoke a pipeful or two, try it thoroughly; then send us the money or the tobacco, whichever you'd rather part with. 33 oz. 75 cents. ¿lb. $1.65. 1 lb. $3.30 prepaid Send for booklet, “ How to Smoke a Pipe' E. Hoffman Company Manufacturers 190 Madison Street, Chicago 19 The Outing Magazine It is made for the American home, and American homes are buying it, more than 100,000 of them, every month. A single current copy of THE OUTING MAGAZINE will show your home why no other high-grade, $3.00 a year, maga- zine has increased in circulation as rapidly during the last year as has THE OUTING MAGAZINE. Stands before the Amer- ican public as the best and foremost literary represent- ative of the true American spirit--the spirit of prog- ress, of development THE OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY 35 and 37 West 31st Street, New York When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER TE Artistic designing — tempered by practical knowledge - stimulated by a policy of producing only the best — this has made "Standard" Porcelain Enameled Ware the acknowledged ideal. Standard" Ware is a nec ecessity made a luxury, by added conveni ence and beauty; a luxury made an economy, by lasting service. Its symmetrical simplicity and white purity hold distinct decorative charm, and afford a constant joy in possession and use, yet underneath its smooth always-white surface are the long-service-giving qualities of iron. "Standard" Ware is the cheapest — always, because double service is included at its moderate price, yet in artistic beauty, convenience and modernness it is distinctly the model for all emulation. Our Book "MODERN BATHROOMS" CAUTION: Every piece of "Standard tells you how to plan, buy and arrange Ware bears our "Standard “Green and your bathroom and illustrates many beau Gold” guarantee label, and has our trade- tiful and inexpensive rooms, shoving mark "Standard cast on the outside, Un- the cost of each fixture in detail, together less the label and trade-mark are on the with many hints on decoration, tiling, fixture it is not "Standard" Ware. Refuse etc. It is the most complete and beautiful substitutes - they are all infericr and will booklet on the subject and conta'ns 100 cost you more in the end. The word pages. THE ABOVE FIXTURES De "Standard" is stamped on all of our nick- Standard Sign P. 34 can be purchased from any eled brass fittings; specify them and see plumber at a cost approximating $260.75 that you get the genuine trimmings with not counting freight, labor or piping. your bath and lavatory, etc. Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co, Dept. 32, Pittsburgh, U. S. A. Office and Showrooms in New York: "Standard" Building, 35-37 West 31st Street London. England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. New Orleans : Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. DURABILI AND DESIGN TRADE -- SED-U MARK When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE THE OUTING MAGAZINE ADVERTISER S. Here's Health to You Means something when the beer is Schlitz. For fifty years, Schlitz beer has been unique for its purity. We have adopted every idea, every invention that could aid to this end. Today, more than than half the cost of our brewing is spent to insure that Schlitz beer shall be Yet to ask means to get it- instead of a be pure. . common beer. Schlitz Ask for the Brewery Bottling. See that the cork or crown is branded Schlitz. wo The Beer That Made Milwaukee Famous. When Corresponding With Advertisers Please Mention THE OUTING MAGAZINE ARMOUR’S Extract of ered and put up under their per Chicago USA. Beef is the best extract of the best beef--a pure, wholesome, concentrated stock packed in conven- ient jars for household use. Is invaluable to the house- wife not only as a rich and appetizing addition to soups, sauces and gravies, but in restoring the original juices and flavor tv al ooked meats, and giving vegetables a snap and flavor obtained in other way A delightful compromise between a hot meal, cooked in discomfort, and all-cold repast, is an appetizing soup, easily prepared over a quick fire, followed by cold meats, salads, etc. ARMOURS LATRAGTON BEET MANUFACTURED A BACKED ARMOUR.CO no an Savory Soups, Rich, meaty, wholesome, satis- ying and palate-tempting--soups, hat nourish and delight, without verheating—are best made with Armour's EXTRACT of Try this for tomorrow's dinne: Cream of Celery Soup One cup of stock made from Armour's Extract of Beet 3 cups celery, cut in inch pieces 2 cups boiling water 1 slice of onion 2 tablespoonfuls flour 2 cups milk 2 tablespoonfuls butter salt and pepper BEEF Armour's Extract imparts a tempting aroma nd flavor-gives zest and snap to every soup reation. The reason so many soups are weak, watery, asteless, insipid, is because they lack the avory, savory quality that Armour's Beef Extract supplies. ARMOUR AND COMPANY ANO Chicago For directions for preparing sea " CULINARY WRINKLES, our little cook book written by Mrs. Idi M. Palmer. It tells of scores of appetizing ways in which Armour's Extract may be used. Mailed free on request. Waterman's Ideal Pen avzun gus-am The pen with the Clip - Cap At hand under all circum- stances. May be clipped to the pocket of a loose jacket and carried with you any place camping, hunting, fishing. Watermans ideal Fountain Pen WATERMAN'S IDEAL FOUNTAIN PEN.N.Y. The pen with the Clip - Cap This is the Standard of the World and the pen which never clogs, blots or floods. For sale by Stationers, Jewelers, Opticians, Druggists and all first class Sporting Goods Stores everywhere. 1736 L.E.Waterman Co., 173 Broadway, N.Y. 209 STATE ST.CHICAGO 8 SCHOOL ST.,BOSTON. 742 MARKET ST., SAN FRANCISCO 136 ST. JAMES ST. MONTREAL