Periander - Wikipedia Periander From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Tyrant of Corinth Periander Tyrant of Corinth Periander, Roman copy after a Greek original of the 4th century BC, Vatican Museums. Reign 627–585 BC Predecessor Cypselus Successor Psammetichus Born prior to 635 BC Corinth Died 585 BC Corinth Consort Lyside Issue Cypselus II Lycophron Greek Περίανδρος House Cypselid Father Cypselus Mother Cratea Religion Greek polytheism Periander (/ˌpɛriˈændər/; Greek: Περίανδρος; died c. 585 BC), was the Second Tyrant of the Cypselid dynasty that ruled over Corinth. Periander's rule brought about a prosperous time in Corinth's history, as his administrative skill made Corinth one of the wealthiest city states in Greece.[1] Several accounts state that Periander was a cruel and harsh ruler, but others[citation needed] claim that he was a fair and just king who worked to ensure that the distribution of wealth in Corinth was more or less even. He is often considered one of the Seven Sages of Greece, men of the 6th century BC who were renowned for centuries for their wisdom. (The other Sages were most often considered to be Thales, Solon, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.)[1] Contents 1 Life 1.1 Family 1.2 Rule 2 Writing and philosophy 3 Influences 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Life[edit] Family[edit] Periander was the second tyrant of Corinth[2] and the son of Cypselus, the founder of the Cypselid dynasty. Cypselus’ wife was named Cratea. There were rumors that she and her son, Periander, slept together.[3] Periander married Lyside (whom he often referred to as Melissa), daughter of Procles and Eristenea.[3] They had two sons: Cypselus, who was said to be weak-minded, and Lycophron, a man of intelligence.[3] According to the book Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, Periander, in a fit of rage, kicked his wife or threw her down a set of stairs so hard that she was killed.[3][4] Greek historian Herodotus has alluded to suggestions that Periander had defiled the corpse of his wife, employing a metaphor: "Periander baked his bread in a cold oven.",[5] Grief for his mother and anger at his father drove Lycophron to take refuge in Corcyra.[4] When Periander was much older and looking to have his successor at his side, he sent for Lycophron.[3] When the people of Corcyra heard of this, they killed Lycophron rather than let him depart. The death of his son caused Periander to fall into a despondency that eventually led to his death.[3] Periander was succeeded by his nephew, Psammetichus, who ruled for just three years and was the last of the Cypselid tyrants.[6] Rule[edit] Periander built Corinth into one of the major trading centers in Ancient Greece.[2] He established colonies at Potidaea in Chalcidice and at Apollonia in Illyria,[2] conquered Epidaurus, formed positive relationships with Miletus and Lydia, and annexed Corcyra, where his son lived much of his life.[2] Periander is also credited with inventing a transport system, the Diolkos, across the Isthmus of Corinth. Tolls from goods entering Corinth's port accounted for nearly all the government revenues, which Periander used to build temples and other public works, and to promote literature and arts. He had the poet Arion come from Lesbos to Corinth for an arts festival in the city. Periander held many festivals and built many buildings in the Doric style. The Corinthian style of pottery was developed by an artisan during his rule. Writing and philosophy[edit] Periander was said to be a patron of literature, who both wrote and appreciated early philosophy. He is said to have written a didactic poem 2,000 lines long.[3] Influences[edit] Periander is referenced by many contemporaries in relation to philosophy and leadership. Most commonly he is mentioned as one of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece, a group of philosophers and rulers from early Greece, but some authors leave him out of the list. In Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, Diogenes Laertius, a philosopher of the 3rd century AD, lists Periander as one of these seven sages. Ausonius also refers to Periander as one of the Sages in his work The Masque of the Seven Sages.[7] Some scholars have argued that the ruler named Periander was a different person from the sage of the same name. Diogenes Laertius writes that "Sotion, and Heraclides, and Pamphila in the fifth book of her Commentaries say that there were two Perianders; the one a tyrant, and the other a wise man, and a native of Ambracia. Neanthes of Cyzicus makes the same assertion, adding, that the two men were cousins to one another. Aristotle says, that it was the Corinthian Periander who was the wise one; but Plato contradicts him." [8] See also[edit] Diolkos Seven Sages References[edit] ^ a b "Seven Wise Men of Greece". ^ a b c d "Periander". ^ a b c d e f g Laertius, Diogenes. "Life of Periander". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2014-05-02. ^ a b Gentleman of Cambridge (1731). The history of Periander, King of Corinth. printed: and sold by J. Roberts in Warwick-Lane. ^ Herodotus The Histories, 5.92g ^ "Corinth, Ancient". ^ Ausonius. "The Masque of the Seven Sages". ^ Pausanias. "Description of Greece". External links[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Periander   Laërtius, Diogenes (1925). "The Seven Sages: Periander" . Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. 1:1. Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. v t e Rulers of Ancient Corinth Heleidae Aeëtes Bounos Epopeus Corinthus Polybus Creon Jason Sisyphidae Sisyphus Glaucus Bellerophon Ornytion Thoas Damophon Propodas two kings at the same time Doridas and Hyanthidas Heracleidae Aletidae Aletes Ixion Agelas I Prymnes Bacchiadae Bacchis Agelas II Eudaemus Aristomedes Agemon Alexander Telestes Automenes Pritanius Cypselid tyrants Cypselus I Periander Psammetichus (Cypselus II) v t e Seven Sages of Greece Cleobulus of Lindos Solon of Athens Chilon of Sparta Bias of Priene Thales of Miletus Pittacus of Mytilene Periander of Corinth (Myson of Chenae) Authority control BNF: cb14925402p (data) GND: 102402086 ISNI: 0000 0000 0474 8375 SUDOC: 128437472 VIAF: 15160053 WorldCat Identities: viaf-15160053 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periander&oldid=987718346" Categories: Ancient Greek rulers 7th-century BC Greek people 6th-century BC Greek people Seven Sages of Greece Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Articles containing Greek-language text All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016 Wikipedia articles incorporating the template Lives of the Eminent Philosophers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Languages العربية Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Беларуская Български Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Italiano עברית Latina Magyar مصرى Nederlands Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 November 2020, at 20:42 (UTC). 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