id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
37350	1	1	University	University	NNP
37350	1	2	of	of	IN
37350	1	3	Kansas	Kansas	NNP
37350	1	4	Publications	Publications	NNPS
37350	1	5	Museum	Museum	NNP
37350	1	6	of	of	IN
37350	1	7	Natural	Natural	NNP
37350	1	8	History	History	NNP
37350	1	9	Volume	Volume	NNP
37350	1	10	12	12	CD
37350	1	11	,	,	,
37350	1	12	No	no	UH
37350	1	13	.	.	.
37350	2	1	2	2	CD
37350	2	2	,	,	,
37350	2	3	pp	pp	NNP
37350	2	4	.	.	.
37350	3	1	155	155	CD
37350	3	2	-	-	SYM
37350	3	3	180	180	CD
37350	3	4	,	,	,
37350	3	5	10	10	CD
37350	3	6	figs	fig	NNS
37350	3	7	.	.	.
37350	4	1	-----------July	-----------July	:
37350	4	2	10	10	CD
37350	4	3	,	,	,
37350	4	4	1959	1959	CD
37350	4	5	-	-	SYM
37350	4	6	--------------	--------------	NFP
37350	4	7	The	the	DT
37350	4	8	Ancestry	Ancestry	NNP
37350	4	9	of	of	IN
37350	4	10	Modern	Modern	NNP
37350	4	11	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	4	12	:	:	:
37350	4	13	A	a	DT
37350	4	14	Review	Review	NNP
37350	4	15	of	of	IN
37350	4	16	the	the	DT
37350	4	17	Evidence	Evidence	NNP
37350	4	18	BY	by	IN
37350	4	19	THEODORE	THEODORE	NNP
37350	4	20	H.	H.	NNP
37350	4	21	EATON	EATON	NNP
37350	4	22	,	,	,
37350	4	23	JR	JR	NNP
37350	4	24	.	.	.
37350	4	25	University	University	NNP
37350	4	26	of	of	IN
37350	4	27	Kansas	Kansas	NNP
37350	4	28	Lawrence	Lawrence	NNP
37350	4	29	1959	1959	CD
37350	4	30	University	University	NNP
37350	4	31	of	of	IN
37350	4	32	Kansas	Kansas	NNP
37350	4	33	Publications	Publications	NNP
37350	4	34	,	,	,
37350	4	35	Museum	Museum	NNP
37350	4	36	of	of	IN
37350	4	37	Natural	Natural	NNP
37350	4	38	History	History	NNP
37350	4	39	Editors	Editors	NNPS
37350	4	40	:	:	:
37350	4	41	E.	E.	NNP
37350	4	42	Raymond	Raymond	NNP
37350	4	43	Hall	Hall	NNP
37350	4	44	,	,	,
37350	4	45	Chairman	Chairman	NNP
37350	4	46	,	,	,
37350	4	47	Henry	Henry	NNP
37350	4	48	S.	S.	NNP
37350	4	49	Fitch	Fitch	NNP
37350	4	50	,	,	,
37350	4	51	Robert	Robert	NNP
37350	4	52	W.	W.	NNP
37350	4	53	Wilson	Wilson	NNP
37350	4	54	Volume	Volume	NNP
37350	4	55	12	12	CD
37350	4	56	,	,	,
37350	4	57	No	no	UH
37350	4	58	.	.	.
37350	5	1	2	2	CD
37350	5	2	,	,	,
37350	5	3	pp	pp	NNP
37350	5	4	.	.	.
37350	6	1	155	155	CD
37350	6	2	-	-	SYM
37350	6	3	180	180	CD
37350	6	4	Published	publish	VBN
37350	6	5	July	July	NNP
37350	6	6	10	10	CD
37350	6	7	,	,	,
37350	6	8	1959	1959	CD
37350	6	9	University	University	NNP
37350	6	10	of	of	IN
37350	6	11	Kansas	Kansas	NNP
37350	6	12	Lawrence	Lawrence	NNP
37350	6	13	,	,	,
37350	6	14	Kansas	Kansas	NNP
37350	6	15	PRINTED	print	VBD
37350	6	16	IN	in	IN
37350	6	17	THE	the	DT
37350	6	18	STATE	STATE	NNP
37350	6	19	PRINTING	printing	NN
37350	6	20	PLANT	PLANT	NNP
37350	6	21	TOPEKA	TOPEKA	NNP
37350	6	22	,	,	,
37350	6	23	KANSAS	KANSAS	NNP
37350	6	24	1959	1959	CD
37350	6	25	[	[	-LRB-
37350	6	26	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	6	27	]	]	-RRB-
37350	6	28	27	27	CD
37350	6	29	-	-	HYPH
37350	6	30	8362	8362	CD
37350	6	31	[	[	-LRB-
37350	6	32	Transcriber	Transcriber	NNP
37350	6	33	's	's	POS
37350	6	34	Notes	note	NNS
37350	6	35	:	:	:
37350	6	36	Several	several	JJ
37350	6	37	typos	typo	NNS
37350	6	38	have	have	VBP
37350	6	39	been	be	VBN
37350	6	40	regulated	regulate	VBN
37350	6	41	.	.	.
37350	7	1	One	one	CD
37350	7	2	typo	typo	NN
37350	7	3	of	of	IN
37350	7	4	"	"	``
37350	7	5	ancester	ancester	NN
37350	7	6	"	"	''
37350	7	7	for	for	IN
37350	7	8	"	"	``
37350	7	9	ancestor	ancestor	NN
37350	7	10	"	"	''
37350	7	11	was	be	VBD
37350	7	12	corrected	correct	VBN
37350	7	13	.	.	.
37350	8	1	One	one	CD
37350	8	2	instance	instance	NN
37350	8	3	of	of	IN
37350	8	4	"	"	``
37350	8	5	salamanderlike	salamanderlike	NN
37350	8	6	"	"	''
37350	8	7	corrected	correct	VBN
37350	8	8	to	to	TO
37350	8	9	"	"	``
37350	8	10	salamaner	salamaner	VB
37350	8	11	-	-	HYPH
37350	8	12	like	like	JJ
37350	8	13	"	"	''
37350	8	14	.	.	.
37350	8	15	]	]	-RRB-
37350	9	1	The	the	DT
37350	9	2	Ancestry	Ancestry	NNP
37350	9	3	of	of	IN
37350	9	4	Modern	Modern	NNP
37350	9	5	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	9	6	:	:	:
37350	9	7	A	a	DT
37350	9	8	Review	Review	NNP
37350	9	9	of	of	IN
37350	9	10	the	the	DT
37350	9	11	Evidence	Evidence	NNP
37350	9	12	BY	by	IN
37350	9	13	THEODORE	THEODORE	NNP
37350	9	14	H.	H.	NNP
37350	9	15	EATON	EATON	NNP
37350	9	16	,	,	,
37350	9	17	JR	JR	NNP
37350	9	18	.	.	.
37350	9	19	INTRODUCTION	INTRODUCTION	NNP
37350	9	20	In	in	IN
37350	9	21	trying	try	VBG
37350	9	22	to	to	TO
37350	9	23	determine	determine	VB
37350	9	24	the	the	DT
37350	9	25	ancestral	ancestral	JJ
37350	9	26	relationships	relationship	NNS
37350	9	27	of	of	IN
37350	9	28	modern	modern	JJ
37350	9	29	orders	order	NNS
37350	9	30	of	of	IN
37350	9	31	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	9	32	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	9	33	is	be	VBZ
37350	9	34	not	not	RB
37350	9	35	possible	possible	JJ
37350	9	36	to	to	TO
37350	9	37	select	select	VB
37350	9	38	satisfactory	satisfactory	JJ
37350	9	39	structural	structural	JJ
37350	9	40	ancestors	ancestor	NNS
37350	9	41	among	among	IN
37350	9	42	a	a	DT
37350	9	43	wealth	wealth	NN
37350	9	44	of	of	IN
37350	9	45	fossils	fossil	NNS
37350	9	46	,	,	,
37350	9	47	since	since	IN
37350	9	48	very	very	RB
37350	9	49	few	few	JJ
37350	9	50	of	of	IN
37350	9	51	the	the	DT
37350	9	52	known	know	VBN
37350	9	53	fossils	fossil	NNS
37350	9	54	could	could	MD
37350	9	55	even	even	RB
37350	9	56	be	be	VB
37350	9	57	considered	consider	VBN
37350	9	58	possible	possible	JJ
37350	9	59	,	,	,
37350	9	60	and	and	CC
37350	9	61	scarcely	scarcely	RB
37350	9	62	any	any	DT
37350	9	63	are	be	VBP
37350	9	64	satisfactory	satisfactory	JJ
37350	9	65	,	,	,
37350	9	66	for	for	IN
37350	9	67	such	such	PDT
37350	9	68	a	a	DT
37350	9	69	selection	selection	NN
37350	9	70	.	.	.
37350	10	1	The	the	DT
37350	10	2	nearest	near	JJS
37350	10	3	approach	approach	NN
37350	10	4	thus	thus	RB
37350	10	5	far	far	RB
37350	10	6	to	to	IN
37350	10	7	a	a	DT
37350	10	8	solution	solution	NN
37350	10	9	of	of	IN
37350	10	10	the	the	DT
37350	10	11	problem	problem	NN
37350	10	12	in	in	IN
37350	10	13	this	this	DT
37350	10	14	manner	manner	NN
37350	10	15	has	have	VBZ
37350	10	16	been	be	VBN
37350	10	17	made	make	VBN
37350	10	18	with	with	IN
37350	10	19	reference	reference	NN
37350	10	20	to	to	IN
37350	10	21	the	the	DT
37350	10	22	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	10	23	.	.	.
37350	11	1	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	11	2	's	's	POS
37350	11	3	paper	paper	NN
37350	11	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	11	5	1940	1940	CD
37350	11	6	)	)	-RRB-
37350	11	7	,	,	,
37350	11	8	with	with	IN
37350	11	9	certain	certain	JJ
37350	11	10	modifications	modification	NNS
37350	11	11	made	make	VBD
37350	11	12	necessary	necessary	JJ
37350	11	13	by	by	IN
37350	11	14	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	11	15	(	(	-LRB-
37350	11	16	1950	1950	CD
37350	11	17	)	)	-RRB-
37350	11	18	,	,	,
37350	11	19	provides	provide	VBZ
37350	11	20	the	the	DT
37350	11	21	paleontological	paleontological	JJ
37350	11	22	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	11	23	so	so	RB
37350	11	24	far	far	RB
37350	11	25	available	available	JJ
37350	11	26	on	on	IN
37350	11	27	the	the	DT
37350	11	28	origin	origin	NN
37350	11	29	of	of	IN
37350	11	30	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	11	31	.	.	.
37350	12	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	12	2	shows	show	VBZ
37350	12	3	that	that	IN
37350	12	4	several	several	JJ
37350	12	5	features	feature	NNS
37350	12	6	of	of	IN
37350	12	7	the	the	DT
37350	12	8	skeleton	skeleton	NN
37350	12	9	of	of	IN
37350	12	10	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	12	11	,	,	,
37350	12	12	such	such	JJ
37350	12	13	as	as	IN
37350	12	14	the	the	DT
37350	12	15	enlargement	enlargement	NN
37350	12	16	of	of	IN
37350	12	17	the	the	DT
37350	12	18	interpterygoid	interpterygoid	JJ
37350	12	19	spaces	space	NNS
37350	12	20	and	and	CC
37350	12	21	orbits	orbit	NNS
37350	12	22	,	,	,
37350	12	23	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	12	24	of	of	IN
37350	12	25	the	the	DT
37350	12	26	more	more	RBR
37350	12	27	posterior	posterior	JJ
37350	12	28	dermal	dermal	JJ
37350	12	29	bones	bone	NNS
37350	12	30	of	of	IN
37350	12	31	the	the	DT
37350	12	32	skull	skull	NN
37350	12	33	,	,	,
37350	12	34	and	and	CC
37350	12	35	downward	downward	JJ
37350	12	36	spread	spread	NN
37350	12	37	of	of	IN
37350	12	38	the	the	DT
37350	12	39	neural	neural	JJ
37350	12	40	arches	arch	NNS
37350	12	41	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	12	42	to	to	IN
37350	12	43	the	the	DT
37350	12	44	notochord	notochord	NN
37350	12	45	,	,	,
37350	12	46	were	be	VBD
37350	12	47	already	already	RB
37350	12	48	apparent	apparent	JJ
37350	12	49	in	in	IN
37350	12	50	the	the	DT
37350	12	51	Pennsylvanian	Pennsylvanian	NNP
37350	12	52	_	_	NNP
37350	12	53	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	12	54	_	_	NNP
37350	12	55	(	(	-LRB-
37350	12	56	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	12	57	.	.	.
37350	13	1	1	1	LS
37350	13	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	13	3	,	,	,
37350	13	4	with	with	IN
37350	13	5	which	which	WDT
37350	13	6	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	13	7	synonymized	synonymize	VBD
37350	13	8	_	_	NNP
37350	13	9	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	13	10	_	_	NNP
37350	13	11	and	and	CC
37350	13	12	_	_	NNP
37350	13	13	Mazonerpeton	Mazonerpeton	NNP
37350	13	14	_	_	NNP
37350	13	15	.	.	.
37350	14	1	But	but	CC
37350	14	2	between	between	IN
37350	14	3	the	the	DT
37350	14	4	Pennsylvanian	pennsylvanian	JJ
37350	14	5	and	and	CC
37350	14	6	the	the	DT
37350	14	7	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	14	8	(	(	-LRB-
37350	14	9	the	the	DT
37350	14	10	age	age	NN
37350	14	11	of	of	IN
37350	14	12	the	the	DT
37350	14	13	earliest	early	JJS
37350	14	14	known	know	VBN
37350	14	15	frog	frog	NN
37350	14	16	,	,	,
37350	14	17	_	_	NNP
37350	14	18	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	14	19	_	_	NNP
37350	14	20	)	)	-RRB-
37350	14	21	there	there	EX
37350	14	22	was	be	VBD
37350	14	23	a	a	DT
37350	14	24	great	great	JJ
37350	14	25	lapse	lapse	NN
37350	14	26	of	of	IN
37350	14	27	time	time	NN
37350	14	28	,	,	,
37350	14	29	and	and	CC
37350	14	30	that	that	IN
37350	14	31	which	which	WDT
37350	14	32	passed	pass	VBD
37350	14	33	between	between	IN
37350	14	34	any	any	DT
37350	14	35	conceivable	conceivable	JJ
37350	14	36	Paleozoic	paleozoic	JJ
37350	14	37	ancestor	ancestor	NN
37350	14	38	of	of	IN
37350	14	39	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	14	40	and	and	CC
37350	14	41	the	the	DT
37350	14	42	earliest	early	JJS
37350	14	43	satisfactory	satisfactory	JJ
37350	14	44	representative	representative	NN
37350	14	45	of	of	IN
37350	14	46	this	this	DT
37350	14	47	order	order	NN
37350	14	48	(	(	-LRB-
37350	14	49	in	in	IN
37350	14	50	the	the	DT
37350	14	51	Cretaceous	Cretaceous	NNP
37350	14	52	)	)	-RRB-
37350	14	53	was	be	VBD
37350	14	54	much	much	RB
37350	14	55	longer	long	JJR
37350	14	56	still	still	RB
37350	14	57	.	.	.
37350	15	1	The	the	DT
37350	15	2	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	15	3	,	,	,
37350	15	4	so	so	RB
37350	15	5	far	far	RB
37350	15	6	as	as	IN
37350	15	7	known	know	VBN
37350	15	8	,	,	,
37350	15	9	have	have	VBP
37350	15	10	no	no	DT
37350	15	11	fossil	fossil	NN
37350	15	12	record	record	NN
37350	15	13	.	.	.
37350	16	1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	RB
37350	16	2	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	16	3	should	should	MD
37350	16	4	be	be	VB
37350	16	5	possible	possible	JJ
37350	16	6	,	,	,
37350	16	7	first	first	RB
37350	16	8	,	,	,
37350	16	9	to	to	TO
37350	16	10	survey	survey	VB
37350	16	11	those	those	DT
37350	16	12	characters	character	NNS
37350	16	13	of	of	IN
37350	16	14	modern	modern	JJ
37350	16	15	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	16	16	that	that	WDT
37350	16	17	might	may	MD
37350	16	18	afford	afford	VB
37350	16	19	some	some	DT
37350	16	20	comparison	comparison	NN
37350	16	21	with	with	IN
37350	16	22	the	the	DT
37350	16	23	early	early	JJ
37350	16	24	fossils	fossil	NNS
37350	16	25	,	,	,
37350	16	26	and	and	CC
37350	16	27	second	second	RB
37350	16	28	,	,	,
37350	16	29	to	to	TO
37350	16	30	discover	discover	VB
37350	16	31	among	among	IN
37350	16	32	the	the	DT
37350	16	33	known	know	VBN
37350	16	34	Paleozoic	paleozoic	JJ
37350	16	35	kinds	kind	NNS
37350	16	36	those	those	DT
37350	16	37	which	which	WDT
37350	16	38	are	be	VBP
37350	16	39	sufficiently	sufficiently	RB
37350	16	40	unspecialized	unspecialized	JJ
37350	16	41	to	to	TO
37350	16	42	permit	permit	VB
37350	16	43	derivation	derivation	NN
37350	16	44	of	of	IN
37350	16	45	the	the	DT
37350	16	46	modern	modern	JJ
37350	16	47	patterns	pattern	NNS
37350	16	48	.	.	.
37350	17	1	Further	further	JJ
37350	17	2	circumstantial	circumstantial	JJ
37350	17	3	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	17	4	may	may	MD
37350	17	5	be	be	VB
37350	17	6	obtained	obtain	VBN
37350	17	7	by	by	IN
37350	17	8	examining	examine	VBG
37350	17	9	some	some	DT
37350	17	10	features	feature	NNS
37350	17	11	of	of	IN
37350	17	12	Recent	Recent	NNP
37350	17	13	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	17	14	which	which	WDT
37350	17	15	could	could	MD
37350	17	16	not	not	RB
37350	17	17	readily	readily	RB
37350	17	18	be	be	VB
37350	17	19	compared	compare	VBN
37350	17	20	with	with	IN
37350	17	21	anything	anything	NN
37350	17	22	in	in	IN
37350	17	23	the	the	DT
37350	17	24	fossils	fossil	NNS
37350	17	25	;	;	:
37350	17	26	such	such	JJ
37350	17	27	are	be	VBP
37350	17	28	the	the	DT
37350	17	29	embryonic	embryonic	JJ
37350	17	30	development	development	NN
37350	17	31	of	of	IN
37350	17	32	the	the	DT
37350	17	33	soft	soft	JJ
37350	17	34	structures	structure	NNS
37350	17	35	,	,	,
37350	17	36	including	include	VBG
37350	17	37	cartilaginous	cartilaginous	JJ
37350	17	38	stages	stage	NNS
37350	17	39	of	of	IN
37350	17	40	the	the	DT
37350	17	41	skeleton	skeleton	NN
37350	17	42	,	,	,
37350	17	43	the	the	DT
37350	17	44	development	development	NN
37350	17	45	and	and	CC
37350	17	46	various	various	JJ
37350	17	47	specializations	specialization	NNS
37350	17	48	of	of	IN
37350	17	49	the	the	DT
37350	17	50	ear	ear	NN
37350	17	51	mechanism	mechanism	NN
37350	17	52	,	,	,
37350	17	53	adaptive	adaptive	JJ
37350	17	54	characters	character	NNS
37350	17	55	associated	associate	VBN
37350	17	56	with	with	IN
37350	17	57	aquatic	aquatic	JJ
37350	17	58	and	and	CC
37350	17	59	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	17	60	life	life	NN
37350	17	61	,	,	,
37350	17	62	and	and	CC
37350	17	63	so	so	RB
37350	17	64	on	on	RB
37350	17	65	.	.	.
37350	18	1	COMPARISON	comparison	NN
37350	18	2	OF	of	IN
37350	18	3	MODERN	MODERN	NNS
37350	18	4	ORDERS	order	NNS
37350	18	5	WITH	with	IN
37350	18	6	THE	the	DT
37350	18	7	LABYRINTHODONTS	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	18	8	AND	and	CC
37350	18	9	LEPOSPONDYLS	LEPOSPONDYLS	NNP
37350	18	10	[	[	-LRB-
37350	18	11	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	18	12	:	:	:
37350	18	13	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	18	14	.	.	.
37350	19	1	1	1	LS
37350	19	2	.	.	.
37350	20	1	_	_	NNP
37350	20	2	Saurerpeton	Saurerpeton	NNP
37350	20	3	_	_	NNP
37350	20	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	20	5	×	×	NN
37350	20	6	1/2	1/2	CD
37350	20	7	,	,	,
37350	20	8	after	after	IN
37350	20	9	Romer	Romer	NNP
37350	20	10	,	,	,
37350	20	11	1930	1930	CD
37350	20	12	,	,	,
37350	20	13	fig	fig	NN
37350	20	14	.	.	.
37350	21	1	6	6	CD
37350	21	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	21	3	;	;	:
37350	21	4	_	_	NNP
37350	21	5	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	21	6	_	_	NNP
37350	21	7	,	,	,
37350	21	8	the	the	DT
37350	21	9	palatal	palatal	JJ
37350	21	10	view	view	NN
37350	21	11	×	×	NNP
37350	21	12	2	2	CD
37350	21	13	-	-	SYM
37350	21	14	1/4	1/4	CD
37350	21	15	,	,	,
37350	21	16	from	from	IN
37350	21	17	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	21	18	,	,	,
37350	21	19	1940	1940	CD
37350	21	20	,	,	,
37350	21	21	fig	fig	NN
37350	21	22	.	.	.
37350	22	1	4	4	LS
37350	22	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	22	3	as	as	IN
37350	22	4	_	_	NNP
37350	22	5	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	22	6	_	_	NNP
37350	22	7	)	)	-RRB-
37350	22	8	,	,	,
37350	22	9	the	the	DT
37350	22	10	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	22	11	view	view	NN
37350	22	12	×	×	ADD
37350	22	13	2	2	CD
37350	22	14	-	-	SYM
37350	22	15	1/2	1/2	CD
37350	22	16	,	,	,
37350	22	17	from	from	IN
37350	22	18	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	22	19	's	's	POS
37350	22	20	revised	revised	JJ
37350	22	21	figure	figure	NN
37350	22	22	of	of	IN
37350	22	23	_	_	NNP
37350	22	24	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	22	25	_	_	NNP
37350	22	26	(	(	-LRB-
37350	22	27	1950	1950	CD
37350	22	28	,	,	,
37350	22	29	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	22	30	.	.	.
37350	23	1	1	1	LS
37350	23	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	23	3	;	;	:
37350	23	4	_	_	NNP
37350	23	5	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	23	6	_	_	NNP
37350	23	7	,	,	,
37350	23	8	×	×	NN
37350	23	9	1	1	CD
37350	23	10	,	,	,
37350	23	11	from	from	IN
37350	23	12	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	23	13	,	,	,
37350	23	14	1940	1940	CD
37350	23	15	,	,	,
37350	23	16	fig	fig	NN
37350	23	17	.	.	.
37350	24	1	18	18	CD
37350	24	2	,	,	,
37350	24	3	19	19	CD
37350	24	4	.	.	.
37350	24	5	]	]	-RRB-
37350	25	1	In	in	IN
37350	25	2	both	both	CC
37350	25	3	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	25	4	and	and	CC
37350	25	5	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	25	6	the	the	DT
37350	25	7	skull	skull	NN
37350	25	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	25	9	short	short	JJ
37350	25	10	,	,	,
37350	25	11	broad	broad	JJ
37350	25	12	,	,	,
37350	25	13	relatively	relatively	RB
37350	25	14	flat	flat	JJ
37350	25	15	,	,	,
37350	25	16	with	with	IN
37350	25	17	reduced	reduced	JJ
37350	25	18	pterygoids	pterygoid	NNS
37350	25	19	that	that	WDT
37350	25	20	diverge	diverge	VBP
37350	25	21	laterally	laterally	RB
37350	25	22	from	from	IN
37350	25	23	the	the	DT
37350	25	24	parasphenoids	parasphenoid	NNS
37350	25	25	leaving	leave	VBG
37350	25	26	large	large	JJ
37350	25	27	interpterygoid	interpterygoid	JJ
37350	25	28	vacuities	vacuity	NNS
37350	25	29	,	,	,
37350	25	30	and	and	CC
37350	25	31	with	with	IN
37350	25	32	large	large	JJ
37350	25	33	orbits	orbit	NNS
37350	25	34	.	.	.
37350	26	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	26	2	These	these	DT
37350	26	3	statements	statement	NNS
37350	26	4	do	do	VBP
37350	26	5	not	not	RB
37350	26	6	apply	apply	VB
37350	26	7	to	to	IN
37350	26	8	certain	certain	JJ
37350	26	9	larval	larval	NN
37350	26	10	or	or	CC
37350	26	11	perennibranchiate	perennibranchiate	VB
37350	26	12	forms	form	NNS
37350	26	13	.	.	.
37350	26	14	)	)	-RRB-
37350	27	1	The	the	DT
37350	27	2	skull	skull	NN
37350	27	3	in	in	IN
37350	27	4	both	both	DT
37350	27	5	orders	order	NNS
37350	27	6	has	have	VBZ
37350	27	7	lost	lose	VBN
37350	27	8	a	a	DT
37350	27	9	number	number	NN
37350	27	10	of	of	IN
37350	27	11	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	27	12	dermal	dermal	JJ
37350	27	13	bones	bone	NNS
37350	27	14	in	in	IN
37350	27	15	the	the	DT
37350	27	16	posterior	posterior	NN
37350	27	17	part	part	NN
37350	27	18	;	;	:
37350	27	19	these	these	DT
37350	27	20	are	be	VBP
37350	27	21	:	:	:
37350	27	22	basioccipital	basioccipital	JJ
37350	27	23	,	,	,
37350	27	24	supraoccipital	supraoccipital	JJ
37350	27	25	,	,	,
37350	27	26	postparietal	postparietal	JJ
37350	27	27	,	,	,
37350	27	28	intertemporal	intertemporal	JJ
37350	27	29	,	,	,
37350	27	30	supratemporal	supratemporal	JJ
37350	27	31	,	,	,
37350	27	32	and	and	CC
37350	27	33	tabular	tabular	JJ
37350	27	34	.	.	.
37350	28	1	The	the	DT
37350	28	2	exoccipitals	exoccipital	NNS
37350	28	3	form	form	VBP
37350	28	4	the	the	DT
37350	28	5	two	two	CD
37350	28	6	condyles	condyle	NNS
37350	28	7	but	but	CC
37350	28	8	there	there	EX
37350	28	9	are	be	VBP
37350	28	10	no	no	DT
37350	28	11	foramina	foramina	NN
37350	28	12	for	for	IN
37350	28	13	the	the	DT
37350	28	14	11th	11th	JJ
37350	28	15	and	and	CC
37350	28	16	12th	12th	JJ
37350	28	17	nerves	nerve	NNS
37350	28	18	,	,	,
37350	28	19	since	since	IN
37350	28	20	these	these	DT
37350	28	21	are	be	VBP
37350	28	22	not	not	RB
37350	28	23	separate	separate	JJ
37350	28	24	in	in	IN
37350	28	25	modern	modern	JJ
37350	28	26	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	28	27	.	.	.
37350	29	1	The	the	DT
37350	29	2	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	29	3	is	be	VBZ
37350	29	4	missing	miss	VBG
37350	29	5	in	in	IN
37350	29	6	all	all	DT
37350	29	7	except	except	IN
37350	29	8	Proteidae	Proteidae	NNP
37350	29	9	(	(	-LRB-
37350	29	10	but	but	CC
37350	29	11	see	see	VB
37350	29	12	discussion	discussion	NN
37350	29	13	of	of	IN
37350	29	14	the	the	DT
37350	29	15	ear	ear	NN
37350	29	16	)	)	-RRB-
37350	29	17	.	.	.
37350	30	1	Although	although	IN
37350	30	2	the	the	DT
37350	30	3	skull	skull	NN
37350	30	4	is	be	VBZ
37350	30	5	normally	normally	RB
37350	30	6	autostylic	autostylic	JJ
37350	30	7	,	,	,
37350	30	8	a	a	DT
37350	30	9	movable	movable	JJ
37350	30	10	basipterygoid	basipterygoid	JJ
37350	30	11	articulation	articulation	NN
37350	30	12	is	be	VBZ
37350	30	13	present	present	JJ
37350	30	14	among	among	IN
37350	30	15	Hynobiid	Hynobiid	NNP
37350	30	16	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	30	17	and	and	CC
37350	30	18	in	in	IN
37350	30	19	at	at	RB
37350	30	20	least	least	JJS
37350	30	21	the	the	DT
37350	30	22	metamorphic	metamorphic	JJ
37350	30	23	stages	stage	NNS
37350	30	24	of	of	IN
37350	30	25	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	30	26	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	30	27	,	,	,
37350	30	28	and	and	CC
37350	30	29	therefore	therefore	RB
37350	30	30	should	should	MD
37350	30	31	be	be	VB
37350	30	32	expected	expect	VBN
37350	30	33	in	in	IN
37350	30	34	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	30	35	ancestors	ancestor	NNS
37350	30	36	.	.	.
37350	31	1	The	the	DT
37350	31	2	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	31	3	are	be	VBP
37350	31	4	,	,	,
37350	31	5	of	of	IN
37350	31	6	course	course	NN
37350	31	7	,	,	,
37350	31	8	complete	complete	JJ
37350	31	9	;	;	:
37350	31	10	see	see	VB
37350	31	11	discussion	discussion	NN
37350	31	12	in	in	IN
37350	31	13	later	late	JJR
37350	31	14	section	section	NN
37350	31	15	.	.	.
37350	32	1	The	the	DT
37350	32	2	quadratojugal	quadratojugal	NN
37350	32	3	,	,	,
37350	32	4	lost	lose	VBN
37350	32	5	in	in	IN
37350	32	6	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	32	7	,	,	,
37350	32	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	32	9	retained	retain	VBN
37350	32	10	in	in	IN
37350	32	11	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	32	12	,	,	,
37350	32	13	and	and	CC
37350	32	14	conversely	conversely	RB
37350	32	15	the	the	DT
37350	32	16	lacrimal	lacrimal	NN
37350	32	17	,	,	,
37350	32	18	absent	absent	JJ
37350	32	19	in	in	IN
37350	32	20	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	32	21	,	,	,
37350	32	22	occurs	occur	VBZ
37350	32	23	in	in	IN
37350	32	24	a	a	DT
37350	32	25	few	few	JJ
37350	32	26	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	32	27	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	32	28	.	.	.
37350	33	1	The	the	DT
37350	33	2	situation	situation	NN
37350	33	3	in	in	IN
37350	33	4	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	33	5	is	be	VBZ
37350	33	6	different	different	JJ
37350	33	7	,	,	,
37350	33	8	but	but	CC
37350	33	9	postfrontal	postfrontal	JJ
37350	33	10	and	and	CC
37350	33	11	jugal	jugal	NNP
37350	33	12	should	should	MD
37350	33	13	be	be	VB
37350	33	14	noted	note	VBN
37350	33	15	as	as	IN
37350	33	16	bones	bone	NNS
37350	33	17	retained	retain	VBN
37350	33	18	in	in	IN
37350	33	19	this	this	DT
37350	33	20	order	order	NN
37350	33	21	while	while	IN
37350	33	22	lost	lose	VBN
37350	33	23	in	in	IN
37350	33	24	the	the	DT
37350	33	25	others	other	NNS
37350	33	26	.	.	.
37350	34	1	Thus	thus	RB
37350	34	2	,	,	,
37350	34	3	in	in	IN
37350	34	4	spite	spite	NN
37350	34	5	of	of	IN
37350	34	6	minor	minor	JJ
37350	34	7	differences	difference	NNS
37350	34	8	,	,	,
37350	34	9	the	the	DT
37350	34	10	above	above	JJ
37350	34	11	list	list	NN
37350	34	12	shows	show	VBZ
37350	34	13	that	that	IN
37350	34	14	there	there	EX
37350	34	15	are	be	VBP
37350	34	16	numerous	numerous	JJ
37350	34	17	and	and	CC
37350	34	18	detailed	detailed	JJ
37350	34	19	similarities	similarity	NNS
37350	34	20	between	between	IN
37350	34	21	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	34	22	and	and	CC
37350	34	23	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	34	24	with	with	IN
37350	34	25	respect	respect	NN
37350	34	26	to	to	IN
37350	34	27	the	the	DT
37350	34	28	features	feature	NNS
37350	34	29	in	in	IN
37350	34	30	which	which	WDT
37350	34	31	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	34	32	differ	differ	VBP
37350	34	33	from	from	IN
37350	34	34	the	the	DT
37350	34	35	Paleozoic	Paleozoic	NNP
37350	34	36	orders	order	NNS
37350	34	37	.	.	.
37350	35	1	Pusey	Pusey	NNP
37350	35	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	35	3	1943	1943	CD
37350	35	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	35	5	listed	list	VBN
37350	35	6	26	26	CD
37350	35	7	characters	character	NNS
37350	35	8	which	which	WDT
37350	35	9	_	_	NNP
37350	35	10	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	35	11	_	_	NNP
37350	35	12	shares	share	NNS
37350	35	13	with	with	IN
37350	35	14	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	35	15	but	but	CC
37350	35	16	not	not	RB
37350	35	17	with	with	IN
37350	35	18	more	more	RBR
37350	35	19	advanced	advanced	JJ
37350	35	20	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	35	21	;	;	:
37350	35	22	a	a	DT
37350	35	23	few	few	JJ
37350	35	24	of	of	IN
37350	35	25	these	these	DT
37350	35	26	might	may	MD
37350	35	27	be	be	VB
37350	35	28	coincidental	coincidental	JJ
37350	35	29	,	,	,
37350	35	30	but	but	CC
37350	35	31	most	most	JJS
37350	35	32	of	of	IN
37350	35	33	them	-PRON-	PRP
37350	35	34	are	be	VBP
37350	35	35	of	of	IN
37350	35	36	some	some	DT
37350	35	37	complexity	complexity	NN
37350	35	38	and	and	CC
37350	35	39	must	must	MD
37350	35	40	be	be	VB
37350	35	41	taken	take	VBN
37350	35	42	to	to	TO
37350	35	43	indicate	indicate	VB
37350	35	44	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	35	45	.	.	.
37350	36	1	The	the	DT
37350	36	2	main	main	JJ
37350	36	3	adaptive	adaptive	JJ
37350	36	4	specializations	specialization	NNS
37350	36	5	of	of	IN
37350	36	6	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	36	7	,	,	,
37350	36	8	however	however	RB
37350	36	9	,	,	,
37350	36	10	including	include	VBG
37350	36	11	loss	loss	NN
37350	36	12	of	of	IN
37350	36	13	the	the	DT
37350	36	14	adult	adult	NN
37350	36	15	tail	tail	NN
37350	36	16	,	,	,
37350	36	17	extreme	extreme	JJ
37350	36	18	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	36	19	in	in	IN
37350	36	20	number	number	NN
37350	36	21	of	of	IN
37350	36	22	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	36	23	,	,	,
37350	36	24	formation	formation	NN
37350	36	25	of	of	IN
37350	36	26	urostyle	urostyle	NN
37350	36	27	,	,	,
37350	36	28	elongation	elongation	NN
37350	36	29	of	of	IN
37350	36	30	the	the	DT
37350	36	31	ilium	ilium	NN
37350	36	32	and	and	CC
37350	36	33	lengthening	lengthening	NN
37350	36	34	of	of	IN
37350	36	35	the	the	DT
37350	36	36	hind	hind	NN
37350	36	37	legs	leg	NNS
37350	36	38	,	,	,
37350	36	39	must	must	MD
37350	36	40	have	have	VB
37350	36	41	appeared	appear	VBN
37350	36	42	at	at	IN
37350	36	43	a	a	DT
37350	36	44	later	later	JJ
37350	36	45	time	time	NN
37350	36	46	than	than	IN
37350	36	47	the	the	DT
37350	36	48	separation	separation	NN
37350	36	49	of	of	IN
37350	36	50	that	that	DT
37350	36	51	order	order	NN
37350	36	52	from	from	IN
37350	36	53	any	any	DT
37350	36	54	possible	possible	JJ
37350	36	55	common	common	JJ
37350	36	56	stem	stem	NN
37350	36	57	with	with	IN
37350	36	58	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	36	59	,	,	,
37350	36	60	although	although	IN
37350	36	61	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	36	62	are	be	VBP
37350	36	63	only	only	RB
37350	36	64	partially	partially	RB
37350	36	65	developed	develop	VBN
37350	36	66	in	in	IN
37350	36	67	the	the	DT
37350	36	68	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	36	69	_	_	NNP
37350	36	70	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	36	71	_	_	NNP
37350	36	72	.	.	.
37350	37	1	Turning	turn	VBG
37350	37	2	to	to	IN
37350	37	3	the	the	DT
37350	37	4	Paleozoic	Paleozoic	NNP
37350	37	5	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	37	6	,	,	,
37350	37	7	there	there	EX
37350	37	8	are	be	VBP
37350	37	9	two	two	CD
37350	37	10	groups	group	NNS
37350	37	11	in	in	IN
37350	37	12	which	which	WDT
37350	37	13	some	some	DT
37350	37	14	likelihood	likelihood	NN
37350	37	15	of	of	IN
37350	37	16	a	a	DT
37350	37	17	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	37	18	with	with	IN
37350	37	19	modern	modern	JJ
37350	37	20	order	order	NN
37350	37	21	exists	exist	VBZ
37350	37	22	.	.	.
37350	38	1	In	in	IN
37350	38	2	the	the	DT
37350	38	3	Pennsylvanian	Pennsylvanian	NNP
37350	38	4	Trimerorhachoidea	Trimerorhachoidea	NNP
37350	38	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	38	6	Labyrinthodontia	Labyrinthodontia	NNP
37350	38	7	,	,	,
37350	38	8	order	order	NN
37350	38	9	Temnospondyli	Temnospondyli	NNP
37350	38	10	)	)	-RRB-
37350	38	11	some	some	DT
37350	38	12	members	member	NNS
37350	38	13	,	,	,
37350	38	14	such	such	JJ
37350	38	15	as	as	IN
37350	38	16	_	_	NNP
37350	38	17	Eugyrinus	Eugyrinus	NNP
37350	38	18	_	_	NNP
37350	38	19	,	,	,
37350	38	20	_	_	NNP
37350	38	21	Saurerpeton	Saurerpeton	NNP
37350	38	22	_	_	NNP
37350	38	23	,	,	,
37350	38	24	and	and	CC
37350	38	25	notably	notably	RB
37350	38	26	_	_	NNP
37350	38	27	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	38	28	_	_	NNP
37350	38	29	(	(	-LRB-
37350	38	30	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	38	31	.	.	.
37350	39	1	1	1	LS
37350	39	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	39	3	had	have	VBD
37350	39	4	short	short	JJ
37350	39	5	,	,	,
37350	39	6	broad	broad	JJ
37350	39	7	heads	head	NNS
37350	39	8	,	,	,
37350	39	9	an	an	DT
37350	39	10	expansion	expansion	NN
37350	39	11	of	of	IN
37350	39	12	palatal	palatal	JJ
37350	39	13	and	and	CC
37350	39	14	orbital	orbital	JJ
37350	39	15	openings	opening	NNS
37350	39	16	,	,	,
37350	39	17	posterior	posterior	RB
37350	39	18	widening	widening	NN
37350	39	19	of	of	IN
37350	39	20	the	the	DT
37350	39	21	parasphenoid	parasphenoid	NN
37350	39	22	associated	associate	VBN
37350	39	23	with	with	IN
37350	39	24	divergence	divergence	NN
37350	39	25	of	of	IN
37350	39	26	the	the	DT
37350	39	27	pterygoids	pterygoid	NNS
37350	39	28	,	,	,
37350	39	29	a	a	DT
37350	39	30	movable	movable	JJ
37350	39	31	basipterygoid	basipterygoid	NN
37350	39	32	articulation	articulation	NN
37350	39	33	,	,	,
37350	39	34	and	and	CC
37350	39	35	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	39	36	in	in	IN
37350	39	37	size	size	NN
37350	39	38	(	(	-LRB-
37350	39	39	but	but	CC
37350	39	40	not	not	RB
37350	39	41	loss	loss	NN
37350	39	42	)	)	-RRB-
37350	39	43	of	of	IN
37350	39	44	the	the	DT
37350	39	45	more	more	RBR
37350	39	46	posterior	posterior	JJ
37350	39	47	dermal	dermal	JJ
37350	39	48	bones	bone	NNS
37350	39	49	of	of	IN
37350	39	50	the	the	DT
37350	39	51	skull	skull	NN
37350	39	52	.	.	.
37350	40	1	In	in	IN
37350	40	2	recognition	recognition	NN
37350	40	3	of	of	IN
37350	40	4	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	40	5	's	's	POS
37350	40	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	40	7	1940	1940	CD
37350	40	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	40	9	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	40	10	that	that	IN
37350	40	11	these	these	DT
37350	40	12	animals	animal	NNS
37350	40	13	make	make	VBP
37350	40	14	quite	quite	RB
37350	40	15	suitable	suitable	JJ
37350	40	16	structural	structural	JJ
37350	40	17	ancestors	ancestor	NNS
37350	40	18	of	of	IN
37350	40	19	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	40	20	,	,	,
37350	40	21	Romer	Romer	NNP
37350	40	22	(	(	-LRB-
37350	40	23	1945	1945	CD
37350	40	24	)	)	-RRB-
37350	40	25	placed	place	VBD
37350	40	26	_	_	NNP
37350	40	27	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	40	28	_	_	NNP
37350	40	29	in	in	IN
37350	40	30	an	an	DT
37350	40	31	order	order	NN
37350	40	32	,	,	,
37350	40	33	Eoanura	Eoanura	NNP
37350	40	34	,	,	,
37350	40	35	but	but	CC
37350	40	36	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	40	37	(	(	-LRB-
37350	40	38	1950	1950	CD
37350	40	39	)	)	-RRB-
37350	40	40	indicated	indicate	VBD
37350	40	41	that	that	IN
37350	40	42	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	40	43	might	may	MD
37350	40	44	better	well	RBR
37350	40	45	be	be	VB
37350	40	46	left	leave	VBN
37350	40	47	with	with	IN
37350	40	48	the	the	DT
37350	40	49	temnospondyls	temnospondyls	NN
37350	40	50	.	.	.
37350	41	1	Association	Association	NNP
37350	41	2	of	of	IN
37350	41	3	the	the	DT
37350	41	4	urodele	urodele	JJ
37350	41	5	stem	stem	NN
37350	41	6	with	with	IN
37350	41	7	this	this	DT
37350	41	8	group	group	NN
37350	41	9	does	do	VBZ
37350	41	10	not	not	RB
37350	41	11	seem	seem	VB
37350	41	12	to	to	TO
37350	41	13	have	have	VB
37350	41	14	been	be	VBN
37350	41	15	proposed	propose	VBN
37350	41	16	hitherto	hitherto	VBN
37350	41	17	.	.	.
37350	42	1	The	the	DT
37350	42	2	other	other	JJ
37350	42	3	group	group	NN
37350	42	4	of	of	IN
37350	42	5	Paleozoic	Paleozoic	NNP
37350	42	6	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	42	7	that	that	WDT
37350	42	8	has	have	VBZ
37350	42	9	been	be	VBN
37350	42	10	considered	consider	VBN
37350	42	11	probably	probably	RB
37350	42	12	ancestral	ancestral	JJ
37350	42	13	to	to	IN
37350	42	14	any	any	DT
37350	42	15	modern	modern	JJ
37350	42	16	type	type	NN
37350	42	17	is	be	VBZ
37350	42	18	the	the	DT
37350	42	19	subclass	subclass	NN
37350	42	20	Lepospondyli	Lepospondyli	NNP
37350	42	21	,	,	,
37350	42	22	containing	contain	VBG
37350	42	23	three	three	CD
37350	42	24	orders	order	NNS
37350	42	25	,	,	,
37350	42	26	Aistopoda	Aistopoda	NNP
37350	42	27	,	,	,
37350	42	28	Nectridia	Nectridia	NNP
37350	42	29	and	and	CC
37350	42	30	Microsauria	Microsauria	NNP
37350	42	31	.	.	.
37350	43	1	In	in	IN
37350	43	2	these	these	DT
37350	43	3	the	the	DT
37350	43	4	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	43	5	are	be	VBP
37350	43	6	complete	complete	JJ
37350	43	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	43	8	holospondylous	holospondylous	JJ
37350	43	9	)	)	-RRB-
37350	43	10	,	,	,
37350	43	11	the	the	DT
37350	43	12	centra	centra	NNP
37350	43	13	presumably	presumably	RB
37350	43	14	formed	form	VBN
37350	43	15	by	by	IN
37350	43	16	cylindrical	cylindrical	JJ
37350	43	17	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	43	18	around	around	IN
37350	43	19	the	the	DT
37350	43	20	notochord	notochord	NN
37350	43	21	,	,	,
37350	43	22	and	and	CC
37350	43	23	there	there	EX
37350	43	24	is	be	VBZ
37350	43	25	no	no	DT
37350	43	26	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	43	27	as	as	IN
37350	43	28	to	to	IN
37350	43	29	the	the	DT
37350	43	30	contributions	contribution	NNS
37350	43	31	from	from	IN
37350	43	32	embryonic	embryonic	JJ
37350	43	33	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	43	34	units	unit	NNS
37350	43	35	.	.	.
37350	44	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	44	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	44	3	important	important	JJ
37350	44	4	to	to	TO
37350	44	5	note	note	VB
37350	44	6	at	at	IN
37350	44	7	this	this	DT
37350	44	8	point	point	NN
37350	44	9	that	that	WDT
37350	44	10	precisely	precisely	RB
37350	44	11	the	the	DT
37350	44	12	same	same	JJ
37350	44	13	statement	statement	NN
37350	44	14	can	can	MD
37350	44	15	be	be	VB
37350	44	16	made	make	VBN
37350	44	17	regarding	regard	VBG
37350	44	18	the	the	DT
37350	44	19	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	44	20	of	of	IN
37350	44	21	_	_	NNP
37350	44	22	adults	adult	NNS
37350	44	23	_	_	NNP
37350	44	24	of	of	IN
37350	44	25	all	all	DT
37350	44	26	three	three	CD
37350	44	27	Recent	recent	JJ
37350	44	28	orders	order	NNS
37350	44	29	,	,	,
37350	44	30	yet	yet	CC
37350	44	31	for	for	IN
37350	44	32	all	all	DT
37350	44	33	of	of	IN
37350	44	34	them	-PRON-	PRP
37350	44	35	,	,	,
37350	44	36	as	as	IN
37350	44	37	shown	show	VBN
37350	44	38	in	in	IN
37350	44	39	a	a	DT
37350	44	40	later	later	JJ
37350	44	41	section	section	NN
37350	44	42	,	,	,
37350	44	43	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	44	44	have	have	VBP
37350	44	45	ample	ample	JJ
37350	44	46	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	44	47	of	of	IN
37350	44	48	the	the	DT
37350	44	49	part	part	NN
37350	44	50	played	play	VBN
37350	44	51	by	by	IN
37350	44	52	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	44	53	elements	element	NNS
37350	44	54	in	in	IN
37350	44	55	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	44	56	development	development	NN
37350	44	57	.	.	.
37350	45	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
37350	45	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	45	3	a	a	LS
37350	45	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	45	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	45	6	can	can	MD
37350	45	7	not	not	RB
37350	45	8	say	say	VB
37350	45	9	that	that	IN
37350	45	10	there	there	EX
37350	45	11	were	be	VBD
37350	45	12	no	no	DT
37350	45	13	such	such	JJ
37350	45	14	elements	element	NNS
37350	45	15	in	in	IN
37350	45	16	embryonic	embryonic	JJ
37350	45	17	stages	stage	NNS
37350	45	18	of	of	IN
37350	45	19	lepospondyls	lepospondyls	NN
37350	45	20	,	,	,
37350	45	21	and	and	CC
37350	45	22	(	(	-LRB-
37350	45	23	b	b	NN
37350	45	24	)	)	-RRB-
37350	45	25	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	45	26	would	would	MD
37350	45	27	take	take	VB
37350	45	28	more	more	JJR
37350	45	29	than	than	IN
37350	45	30	the	the	DT
37350	45	31	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	45	32	from	from	IN
37350	45	33	adult	adult	NN
37350	45	34	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	45	35	to	to	TO
37350	45	36	relate	relate	VB
37350	45	37	a	a	DT
37350	45	38	particular	particular	JJ
37350	45	39	modern	modern	JJ
37350	45	40	order	order	NN
37350	45	41	(	(	-LRB-
37350	45	42	for	for	IN
37350	45	43	example	example	NN
37350	45	44	,	,	,
37350	45	45	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	45	46	)	)	-RRB-
37350	45	47	to	to	IN
37350	45	48	the	the	DT
37350	45	49	Lepospondyli	Lepospondyli	NNP
37350	45	50	.	.	.
37350	46	1	Vague	vague	JJ
37350	46	2	similarities	similarity	NNS
37350	46	3	to	to	IN
37350	46	4	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	46	5	have	have	VBP
37350	46	6	been	be	VBN
37350	46	7	noted	note	VBN
37350	46	8	by	by	IN
37350	46	9	many	many	JJ
37350	46	10	authors	author	NNS
37350	46	11	in	in	IN
37350	46	12	the	the	DT
37350	46	13	Nectridia	Nectridia	NNP
37350	46	14	,	,	,
37350	46	15	Aistopoda	Aistopoda	NNP
37350	46	16	and	and	CC
37350	46	17	Microsauria	Microsauria	NNP
37350	46	18	,	,	,
37350	46	19	but	but	CC
37350	46	20	these	these	DT
37350	46	21	are	be	VBP
37350	46	22	not	not	RB
37350	46	23	detailed	detailed	JJ
37350	46	24	and	and	CC
37350	46	25	refer	refer	VB
37350	46	26	mainly	mainly	RB
37350	46	27	to	to	IN
37350	46	28	the	the	DT
37350	46	29	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	46	30	.	.	.
37350	47	1	The	the	DT
37350	47	2	skulls	skull	NNS
37350	47	3	do	do	VBP
37350	47	4	not	not	RB
37350	47	5	show	show	VB
37350	47	6	,	,	,
37350	47	7	either	either	CC
37350	47	8	dorsally	dorsally	RB
37350	47	9	or	or	CC
37350	47	10	in	in	IN
37350	47	11	the	the	DT
37350	47	12	palate	palate	NN
37350	47	13	,	,	,
37350	47	14	any	any	DT
37350	47	15	striking	striking	JJ
37350	47	16	resemblance	resemblance	NN
37350	47	17	to	to	IN
37350	47	18	those	those	DT
37350	47	19	of	of	IN
37350	47	20	generalized	generalize	VBN
37350	47	21	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	47	22	,	,	,
37350	47	23	and	and	CC
37350	47	24	certainly	certainly	RB
37350	47	25	most	most	RBS
37350	47	26	known	know	VBN
37350	47	27	lepospondyls	lepospondyls	NN
37350	47	28	are	be	VBP
37350	47	29	too	too	RB
37350	47	30	specialized	specialized	JJ
37350	47	31	to	to	TO
37350	47	32	serve	serve	VB
37350	47	33	as	as	IN
37350	47	34	the	the	DT
37350	47	35	source	source	NN
37350	47	36	of	of	IN
37350	47	37	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	47	38	.	.	.
37350	48	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	48	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	48	3	true	true	JJ
37350	48	4	that	that	IN
37350	48	5	the	the	DT
37350	48	6	elongate	elongate	NN
37350	48	7	bodies	body	NNS
37350	48	8	,	,	,
37350	48	9	small	small	JJ
37350	48	10	limbs	limb	NNS
37350	48	11	,	,	,
37350	48	12	and	and	CC
37350	48	13	apparent	apparent	JJ
37350	48	14	aquatic	aquatic	JJ
37350	48	15	habitus	habitus	NN
37350	48	16	of	of	IN
37350	48	17	some	some	DT
37350	48	18	lepospondyls	lepospondyls	NNP
37350	48	19	accord	accord	NN
37350	48	20	well	well	UH
37350	48	21	with	with	IN
37350	48	22	our	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	48	23	usual	usual	JJ
37350	48	24	picture	picture	NN
37350	48	25	of	of	IN
37350	48	26	a	a	DT
37350	48	27	salamander	salamander	JJ
37350	48	28	,	,	,
37350	48	29	but	but	CC
37350	48	30	such	such	PDT
37350	48	31	a	a	DT
37350	48	32	form	form	NN
37350	48	33	and	and	CC
37350	48	34	way	way	NN
37350	48	35	of	of	IN
37350	48	36	life	life	NN
37350	48	37	have	have	VBP
37350	48	38	appeared	appear	VBN
37350	48	39	in	in	IN
37350	48	40	many	many	JJ
37350	48	41	early	early	JJ
37350	48	42	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	48	43	,	,	,
37350	48	44	including	include	VBG
37350	48	45	the	the	DT
37350	48	46	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	48	47	.	.	.
37350	49	1	The	the	DT
37350	49	2	family	family	NN
37350	49	3	Lysorophidae	Lysorophidae	NNP
37350	49	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	49	5	Fig	fig	NN
37350	49	6	.	.	.
37350	50	1	2	2	LS
37350	50	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	50	3	,	,	,
37350	50	4	usually	usually	RB
37350	50	5	placed	place	VBN
37350	50	6	among	among	IN
37350	50	7	microsaurs	microsaur	NNS
37350	50	8	,	,	,
37350	50	9	is	be	VBZ
37350	50	10	sufficiently	sufficiently	RB
37350	50	11	close	close	JJ
37350	50	12	in	in	IN
37350	50	13	skull	skull	NN
37350	50	14	structure	structure	NN
37350	50	15	to	to	IN
37350	50	16	the	the	DT
37350	50	17	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	50	18	to	to	TO
37350	50	19	be	be	VB
37350	50	20	a	a	DT
37350	50	21	possible	possible	JJ
37350	50	22	ancestor	ancestor	NN
37350	50	23	of	of	IN
37350	50	24	these	these	DT
37350	50	25	,	,	,
37350	50	26	but	but	CC
37350	50	27	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	50	28	probably	probably	RB
37350	50	29	has	have	VBZ
37350	50	30	nothing	nothing	NN
37350	50	31	to	to	TO
37350	50	32	do	do	VB
37350	50	33	with	with	IN
37350	50	34	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	50	35	,	,	,
37350	50	36	by	by	IN
37350	50	37	reason	reason	NN
37350	50	38	of	of	IN
37350	50	39	the	the	DT
37350	50	40	numerous	numerous	JJ
37350	50	41	morphological	morphological	JJ
37350	50	42	specializations	specialization	NNS
37350	50	43	that	that	WDT
37350	50	44	were	be	VBD
37350	50	45	associated	associate	VBN
37350	50	46	with	with	IN
37350	50	47	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	50	48	snakelike	snakelike	JJ
37350	50	49	habitus	habitus	NN
37350	50	50	.	.	.
37350	51	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	51	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	51	3	:	:	:
37350	51	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	51	5	.	.	.
37350	52	1	2	2	LS
37350	52	2	.	.	.
37350	53	1	_	_	NNP
37350	53	2	Lysorophus	Lysorophus	NNP
37350	53	3	tricarinatus	tricarinatus	NN
37350	53	4	_	_	NNP
37350	53	5	,	,	,
37350	53	6	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	53	7	and	and	CC
37350	53	8	posterior	posterior	JJ
37350	53	9	views	view	NNS
37350	53	10	×	×	ADD
37350	53	11	2	2	CD
37350	53	12	-	-	SYM
37350	53	13	1/2	1/2	CD
37350	53	14	,	,	,
37350	53	15	modified	modify	VBN
37350	53	16	after	after	IN
37350	53	17	Sollas	Sollas	NNP
37350	53	18	,	,	,
37350	53	19	1920	1920	CD
37350	53	20	,	,	,
37350	53	21	Figs	fig	NNS
37350	53	22	.	.	.
37350	54	1	8	8	CD
37350	54	2	and	and	CC
37350	54	3	12	12	CD
37350	54	4	,	,	,
37350	54	5	respectively	respectively	RB
37350	54	6	;	;	:
37350	54	7	palatal	palatal	JJ
37350	54	8	view	view	NN
37350	54	9	after	after	IN
37350	54	10	Broom	Broom	NNP
37350	54	11	,	,	,
37350	54	12	1918	1918	CD
37350	54	13	,	,	,
37350	54	14	×	×	NNP
37350	54	15	1	1	CD
37350	54	16	-	-	SYM
37350	54	17	1/2	1/2	CD
37350	54	18	.	.	.
37350	55	1	For	for	IN
37350	55	2	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	55	3	of	of	IN
37350	55	4	abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	55	5	see	see	VBP
37350	55	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	55	7	.	.	.
37350	56	1	3	3	LS
37350	56	2	.	.	.
37350	56	3	]	]	-RRB-
37350	57	1	McDowell	McDowell	NNP
37350	57	2	's	's	POS
37350	57	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	57	4	1958	1958	CD
37350	57	5	)	)	-RRB-
37350	57	6	suggestion	suggestion	NN
37350	57	7	that	that	IN
37350	57	8	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	57	9	would	would	MD
37350	57	10	be	be	VB
37350	57	11	profitable	profitable	JJ
37350	57	12	to	to	TO
37350	57	13	look	look	VB
37350	57	14	among	among	IN
37350	57	15	the	the	DT
37350	57	16	Seymouriamorpha	Seymouriamorpha	NNP
37350	57	17	for	for	IN
37350	57	18	the	the	DT
37350	57	19	ancestors	ancestor	NNS
37350	57	20	of	of	IN
37350	57	21	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	57	22	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	57	23	to	to	TO
37350	57	24	be	be	VB
37350	57	25	based	base	VBN
37350	57	26	upon	upon	IN
37350	57	27	a	a	DT
37350	57	28	few	few	JJ
37350	57	29	details	detail	NNS
37350	57	30	of	of	IN
37350	57	31	apparent	apparent	JJ
37350	57	32	resemblance	resemblance	NN
37350	57	33	rather	rather	RB
37350	57	34	than	than	IN
37350	57	35	a	a	DT
37350	57	36	comprehensive	comprehensive	JJ
37350	57	37	view	view	NN
37350	57	38	of	of	IN
37350	57	39	the	the	DT
37350	57	40	major	major	JJ
37350	57	41	characters	character	NNS
37350	57	42	of	of	IN
37350	57	43	the	the	DT
37350	57	44	animals	animal	NNS
37350	57	45	.	.	.
37350	58	1	In	in	IN
37350	58	2	most	most	JJS
37350	58	3	points	point	NNS
37350	58	4	which	which	WDT
37350	58	5	he	-PRON-	PRP
37350	58	6	mentions	mention	VBZ
37350	58	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	58	8	limb	limb	NN
37350	58	9	girdles	girdle	NNS
37350	58	10	,	,	,
37350	58	11	form	form	NN
37350	58	12	of	of	IN
37350	58	13	ear	ear	NN
37350	58	14	,	,	,
37350	58	15	pterygoid	pterygoid	JJ
37350	58	16	articulation	articulation	NN
37350	58	17	)	)	-RRB-
37350	58	18	the	the	DT
37350	58	19	present	present	JJ
37350	58	20	writer	writer	NN
37350	58	21	does	do	VBZ
37350	58	22	not	not	RB
37350	58	23	see	see	VB
37350	58	24	a	a	DT
37350	58	25	closer	close	JJR
37350	58	26	similarity	similarity	NN
37350	58	27	of	of	IN
37350	58	28	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	58	29	to	to	IN
37350	58	30	Seymouriamorpha	Seymouriamorpha	NNP
37350	58	31	than	than	IN
37350	58	32	to	to	IN
37350	58	33	Temnospondyli	Temnospondyli	NNP
37350	58	34	.	.	.
37350	59	1	Still	still	RB
37350	59	2	other	other	JJ
37350	59	3	opinions	opinion	NNS
37350	59	4	have	have	VBP
37350	59	5	been	be	VBN
37350	59	6	expressed	express	VBN
37350	59	7	.	.	.
37350	60	1	Herre	Herre	NNP
37350	60	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	60	3	1935	1935	CD
37350	60	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	60	5	,	,	,
37350	60	6	for	for	IN
37350	60	7	instance	instance	NN
37350	60	8	,	,	,
37350	60	9	concludes	conclude	VBZ
37350	60	10	"	"	``
37350	60	11	on	on	IN
37350	60	12	anatomical	anatomical	JJ
37350	60	13	,	,	,
37350	60	14	biological	biological	JJ
37350	60	15	and	and	CC
37350	60	16	paleontological	paleontological	JJ
37350	60	17	grounds	ground	NNS
37350	60	18	"	"	''
37350	60	19	that	that	IN
37350	60	20	the	the	DT
37350	60	21	orders	order	NNS
37350	60	22	of	of	IN
37350	60	23	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	60	24	,	,	,
37350	60	25	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	60	26	,	,	,
37350	60	27	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	60	28	and	and	CC
37350	60	29	Stegocephali	Stegocephali	NNP
37350	60	30	were	be	VBD
37350	60	31	all	all	DT
37350	60	32	independently	independently	RB
37350	60	33	evolved	evolve	VBN
37350	60	34	from	from	IN
37350	60	35	fish	fish	NN
37350	60	36	,	,	,
37350	60	37	but	but	CC
37350	60	38	beyond	beyond	IN
37350	60	39	citing	cite	VBG
37350	60	40	the	the	DT
37350	60	41	opinions	opinion	NNS
37350	60	42	of	of	IN
37350	60	43	a	a	DT
37350	60	44	number	number	NN
37350	60	45	of	of	IN
37350	60	46	other	other	JJ
37350	60	47	authors	author	NNS
37350	60	48	he	-PRON-	PRP
37350	60	49	does	do	VBZ
37350	60	50	not	not	RB
37350	60	51	present	present	VB
37350	60	52	tangible	tangible	JJ
37350	60	53	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	60	54	for	for	IN
37350	60	55	this	this	DT
37350	60	56	extreme	extreme	JJ
37350	60	57	polyphyletic	polyphyletic	JJ
37350	60	58	interpretation	interpretation	NN
37350	60	59	.	.	.
37350	61	1	More	more	RBR
37350	61	2	notable	notable	JJ
37350	61	3	are	be	VBP
37350	61	4	the	the	DT
37350	61	5	views	view	NNS
37350	61	6	of	of	IN
37350	61	7	several	several	JJ
37350	61	8	Scandinavian	scandinavian	JJ
37350	61	9	workers	worker	NNS
37350	61	10	(	(	-LRB-
37350	61	11	Säve	Säve	NNP
37350	61	12	-	-	HYPH
37350	61	13	Söderbergh	Söderbergh	NNP
37350	61	14	,	,	,
37350	61	15	1934	1934	CD
37350	61	16	;	;	:
37350	61	17	Jarvik	Jarvik	NNP
37350	61	18	,	,	,
37350	61	19	1942	1942	CD
37350	61	20	;	;	:
37350	61	21	Holmgren	Holmgren	NNP
37350	61	22	,	,	,
37350	61	23	1933	1933	CD
37350	61	24	,	,	,
37350	61	25	1939	1939	CD
37350	61	26	,	,	,
37350	61	27	1949a	1949a	CD
37350	61	28	,	,	,
37350	61	29	b	b	NN
37350	61	30	)	)	-RRB-
37350	61	31	,	,	,
37350	61	32	of	of	IN
37350	61	33	whom	whom	WP
37350	61	34	Jarvik	Jarvik	NNP
37350	61	35	,	,	,
37350	61	36	in	in	IN
37350	61	37	a	a	DT
37350	61	38	thorough	thorough	JJ
37350	61	39	analysis	analysis	NN
37350	61	40	of	of	IN
37350	61	41	the	the	DT
37350	61	42	ethmoid	ethmoid	JJ
37350	61	43	region	region	NN
37350	61	44	,	,	,
37350	61	45	would	would	MD
37350	61	46	derive	derive	VB
37350	61	47	the	the	DT
37350	61	48	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	61	49	from	from	IN
37350	61	50	Porolepid	Porolepid	NNP
37350	61	51	Crossopterygii	Crossopterygii	NNP
37350	61	52	,	,	,
37350	61	53	and	and	CC
37350	61	54	all	all	DT
37350	61	55	other	other	JJ
37350	61	56	tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	61	57	from	from	IN
37350	61	58	the	the	DT
37350	61	59	Rhipidistia	Rhipidistia	NNP
37350	61	60	;	;	:
37350	61	61	Säve	Säve	NNP
37350	61	62	-	-	HYPH
37350	61	63	Söderbergh	Söderbergh	NNP
37350	61	64	and	and	CC
37350	61	65	Holmgren	Holmgren	NNP
37350	61	66	,	,	,
37350	61	67	the	the	DT
37350	61	68	latter	latter	JJ
37350	61	69	using	use	VBG
37350	61	70	the	the	DT
37350	61	71	structure	structure	NN
37350	61	72	of	of	IN
37350	61	73	carpus	carpus	NNP
37350	61	74	and	and	CC
37350	61	75	tarsus	tarsus	NNP
37350	61	76	,	,	,
37350	61	77	see	see	VB
37350	61	78	a	a	DT
37350	61	79	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	61	80	of	of	IN
37350	61	81	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	61	82	to	to	IN
37350	61	83	Dipnoi	Dipnoi	NNP
37350	61	84	,	,	,
37350	61	85	but	but	CC
37350	61	86	accept	accept	VB
37350	61	87	the	the	DT
37350	61	88	derivation	derivation	NN
37350	61	89	of	of	IN
37350	61	90	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	61	91	and	and	CC
37350	61	92	other	other	JJ
37350	61	93	tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	61	94	from	from	IN
37350	61	95	Rhipidistia	Rhipidistia	NNP
37350	61	96	.	.	.
37350	62	1	All	all	DT
37350	62	2	of	of	IN
37350	62	3	this	this	DT
37350	62	4	work	work	NN
37350	62	5	is	be	VBZ
37350	62	6	most	most	RBS
37350	62	7	detailed	detailed	JJ
37350	62	8	and	and	CC
37350	62	9	laborious	laborious	JJ
37350	62	10	,	,	,
37350	62	11	and	and	CC
37350	62	12	has	have	VBZ
37350	62	13	produced	produce	VBN
37350	62	14	a	a	DT
37350	62	15	great	great	JJ
37350	62	16	quantity	quantity	NN
37350	62	17	of	of	IN
37350	62	18	data	datum	NNS
37350	62	19	useful	useful	JJ
37350	62	20	to	to	IN
37350	62	21	morphologists	morphologist	NNS
37350	62	22	,	,	,
37350	62	23	but	but	CC
37350	62	24	the	the	DT
37350	62	25	diphyletic	diphyletic	JJ
37350	62	26	theory	theory	NN
37350	62	27	is	be	VBZ
37350	62	28	not	not	RB
37350	62	29	widely	widely	RB
37350	62	30	adopted	adopt	VBN
37350	62	31	;	;	:
37350	62	32	the	the	DT
37350	62	33	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	62	34	adduced	adduce	VBD
37350	62	35	for	for	IN
37350	62	36	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	62	37	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	62	38	to	to	TO
37350	62	39	consist	consist	VB
37350	62	40	largely	largely	RB
37350	62	41	of	of	IN
37350	62	42	minutiae	minutia	NNS
37350	62	43	which	which	WDT
37350	62	44	,	,	,
37350	62	45	taken	take	VBN
37350	62	46	by	by	IN
37350	62	47	themselves	-PRON-	PRP
37350	62	48	,	,	,
37350	62	49	are	be	VBP
37350	62	50	inconclusive	inconclusive	JJ
37350	62	51	,	,	,
37350	62	52	or	or	CC
37350	62	53	lend	lend	VB
37350	62	54	themselves	-PRON-	PRP
37350	62	55	to	to	IN
37350	62	56	other	other	JJ
37350	62	57	interpretation	interpretation	NN
37350	62	58	.	.	.
37350	63	1	For	for	IN
37350	63	2	instance	instance	NN
37350	63	3	Holmgren	Holmgren	NNP
37350	63	4	's	's	POS
37350	63	5	numerous	numerous	JJ
37350	63	6	figures	figure	NNS
37350	63	7	of	of	IN
37350	63	8	embryonic	embryonic	JJ
37350	63	9	limbs	limb	NNS
37350	63	10	of	of	IN
37350	63	11	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	63	12	show	show	VBP
37350	63	13	patterns	pattern	NNS
37350	63	14	of	of	IN
37350	63	15	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	63	16	elements	element	NNS
37350	63	17	that	that	IN
37350	63	18	he	-PRON-	PRP
37350	63	19	would	would	MD
37350	63	20	trace	trace	VB
37350	63	21	to	to	IN
37350	63	22	the	the	DT
37350	63	23	Dipnoan	Dipnoan	NNP
37350	63	24	type	type	NN
37350	63	25	of	of	IN
37350	63	26	fin	fin	NN
37350	63	27	,	,	,
37350	63	28	yet	yet	CC
37350	63	29	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	63	30	is	be	VBZ
37350	63	31	difficult	difficult	JJ
37350	63	32	to	to	TO
37350	63	33	see	see	VB
37350	63	34	that	that	IN
37350	63	35	the	the	DT
37350	63	36	weight	weight	NN
37350	63	37	of	of	IN
37350	63	38	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	63	39	requires	require	VBZ
37350	63	40	this	this	DT
37350	63	41	,	,	,
37350	63	42	when	when	WRB
37350	63	43	the	the	DT
37350	63	44	pattern	pattern	NN
37350	63	45	does	do	VBZ
37350	63	46	not	not	RB
37350	63	47	differ	differ	VB
37350	63	48	in	in	IN
37350	63	49	any	any	DT
37350	63	50	fundamental	fundamental	JJ
37350	63	51	manner	manner	NN
37350	63	52	from	from	IN
37350	63	53	those	those	DT
37350	63	54	seen	see	VBN
37350	63	55	in	in	IN
37350	63	56	other	other	JJ
37350	63	57	embryonic	embryonic	JJ
37350	63	58	tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	63	59	,	,	,
37350	63	60	and	and	CC
37350	63	61	the	the	DT
37350	63	62	differences	difference	NNS
37350	63	63	that	that	WDT
37350	63	64	do	do	VBP
37350	63	65	appear	appear	VB
37350	63	66	may	may	MD
37350	63	67	well	well	RB
37350	63	68	be	be	VB
37350	63	69	taken	take	VBN
37350	63	70	to	to	TO
37350	63	71	have	have	VB
37350	63	72	ontogenetic	ontogenetic	JJ
37350	63	73	rather	rather	RB
37350	63	74	than	than	IN
37350	63	75	phylogenetic	phylogenetic	JJ
37350	63	76	meaning	meaning	NN
37350	63	77	.	.	.
37350	64	1	Further	further	RB
37350	64	2	,	,	,
37350	64	3	the	the	DT
37350	64	4	Dipnoan	Dipnoan	NNP
37350	64	5	specialization	specialization	NN
37350	64	6	of	of	IN
37350	64	7	dental	dental	JJ
37350	64	8	plates	plate	NNS
37350	64	9	and	and	CC
37350	64	10	autostylic	autostylic	JJ
37350	64	11	jaw	jaw	NN
37350	64	12	suspension	suspension	NN
37350	64	13	,	,	,
37350	64	14	already	already	RB
37350	64	15	accomplished	accomplish	VBN
37350	64	16	early	early	RB
37350	64	17	in	in	IN
37350	64	18	the	the	DT
37350	64	19	Devonian	Devonian	NNP
37350	64	20	,	,	,
37350	64	21	would	would	MD
37350	64	22	seem	seem	VB
37350	64	23	to	to	TO
37350	64	24	exclude	exclude	VB
37350	64	25	Dipnoi	Dipnoi	NNP
37350	64	26	from	from	IN
37350	64	27	possible	possible	JJ
37350	64	28	ancestry	ancestry	NN
37350	64	29	of	of	IN
37350	64	30	the	the	DT
37350	64	31	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	64	32	,	,	,
37350	64	33	an	an	DT
37350	64	34	order	order	NN
37350	64	35	unknown	unknown	JJ
37350	64	36	prior	prior	RB
37350	64	37	to	to	IN
37350	64	38	the	the	DT
37350	64	39	Mesozoic	Mesozoic	NNP
37350	64	40	,	,	,
37350	64	41	in	in	IN
37350	64	42	which	which	WDT
37350	64	43	the	the	DT
37350	64	44	teeth	tooth	NNS
37350	64	45	are	be	VBP
37350	64	46	essentially	essentially	RB
37350	64	47	similar	similar	JJ
37350	64	48	to	to	IN
37350	64	49	those	those	DT
37350	64	50	of	of	IN
37350	64	51	late	late	JJ
37350	64	52	Paleozoic	Paleozoic	NNP
37350	64	53	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	64	54	,	,	,
37350	64	55	and	and	CC
37350	64	56	the	the	DT
37350	64	57	jaw	jaw	NN
37350	64	58	suspension	suspension	NN
37350	64	59	is	be	VBZ
37350	64	60	not	not	RB
37350	64	61	yet	yet	RB
37350	64	62	in	in	IN
37350	64	63	all	all	DT
37350	64	64	members	member	NNS
37350	64	65	autostylic	autostylic	JJ
37350	64	66	.	.	.
37350	65	1	THE	the	DT
37350	65	2	EAR	EAR	NNP
37350	65	3	[	[	-LRB-
37350	65	4	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	65	5	:	:	:
37350	65	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	65	7	.	.	.
37350	66	1	3	3	LS
37350	66	2	.	.	.
37350	67	1	Occipital	occipital	JJ
37350	67	2	region	region	NN
37350	67	3	of	of	IN
37350	67	4	skulls	skull	NNS
37350	67	5	of	of	IN
37350	67	6	_	_	NNP
37350	67	7	Megalocephalus	Megalocephalus	NNP
37350	67	8	brevicornis	brevicornis	NNP
37350	67	9	_	_	NNP
37350	67	10	(	(	-LRB-
37350	67	11	×	×	CD
37350	67	12	3/10	3/10	CD
37350	67	13	,	,	,
37350	67	14	after	after	IN
37350	67	15	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	67	16	,	,	,
37350	67	17	1926	1926	CD
37350	67	18	,	,	,
37350	67	19	as	as	IN
37350	67	20	_	_	NNP
37350	67	21	Orthosaurus	Orthosaurus	NNP
37350	67	22	_	_	NNP
37350	67	23	)	)	-RRB-
37350	67	24	,	,	,
37350	67	25	_	_	NNP
37350	67	26	Dvinosaurus	Dvinosaurus	NNP
37350	67	27	_	_	NNP
37350	67	28	(	(	-LRB-
37350	67	29	×	×	NN
37350	67	30	1/4	1/4	CD
37350	67	31	,	,	,
37350	67	32	modified	modify	VBN
37350	67	33	after	after	IN
37350	67	34	Bystrow	Bystrow	NNP
37350	67	35	,	,	,
37350	67	36	1938	1938	CD
37350	67	37	;	;	:
37350	67	38	the	the	DT
37350	67	39	lower	low	JJR
37350	67	40	figure	figure	NN
37350	67	41	after	after	IN
37350	67	42	Sushkin	Sushkin	NNP
37350	67	43	,	,	,
37350	67	44	1936	1936	CD
37350	67	45	)	)	-RRB-
37350	67	46	,	,	,
37350	67	47	and	and	CC
37350	67	48	_	_	NNP
37350	67	49	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	67	50	maculosus	maculosus	NN
37350	67	51	_	_	NNP
37350	67	52	(	(	-LRB-
37350	67	53	×	×	NNP
37350	67	54	3	3	CD
37350	67	55	,	,	,
37350	67	56	original	original	JJ
37350	67	57	,	,	,
37350	67	58	from	from	IN
37350	67	59	K.	K.	NNP
37350	67	60	U.	U.	NNP
37350	67	61	,	,	,
37350	67	62	No	no	UH
37350	67	63	.	.	.
37350	68	1	3471	3471	CD
37350	68	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	68	3	.	.	.
37350	69	1	Abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	69	2	Used	use	VBN
37350	69	3	in	in	IN
37350	69	4	Figures	figure	NNS
37350	69	5	b'd.c.--basidorsal	b'd.c.--basidorsal	NNP
37350	69	6	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	69	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	69	8	neural	neural	JJ
37350	69	9	arch	arch	NNP
37350	69	10	)	)	-RRB-
37350	69	11	b'oc.--basioccipital	b'oc.--basioccipital	NFP
37350	69	12	ce._{1	ce._{1	NNP
37350	69	13	-	-	HYPH
37350	69	14	4}--centrale_{1	4}--centrale_{1	CD
37350	69	15	-	-	HYPH
37350	69	16	4	4	CD
37350	69	17	}	}	-RRB-
37350	69	18	ch.--ceratohyal	ch.--ceratohyal	NNP
37350	69	19	clav.--clavicle	clav.--clavicle	NNP
37350	69	20	clei.--cleithrum	clei.--cleithrum	NNP
37350	69	21	cor.--coracoid	cor.--coracoid	NNP
37350	69	22	d.c._{1	d.c._{1	NN
37350	69	23	-	-	HYPH
37350	69	24	4}--distal	4}--distal	NNP
37350	69	25	carpal_{1	carpal_{1	NNP
37350	69	26	-	-	HYPH
37350	69	27	4	4	NNP
37350	69	28	}	}	-RRB-
37350	69	29	diap.--diapophysis	diap.--diapophysis	NN
37350	69	30	exoc.--exoccipital	exoc.--exoccipital	NNP
37350	69	31	ep.--episternum	ep.--episternum	.
37350	69	32	hyost.--hyostapes	hyost.--hyostapes	NNP
37350	69	33	i.--intermedium	i.--intermedium	NNP
37350	69	34	Mk.--Meckel	Mk.--Meckel	NNP
37350	69	35	's	's	POS
37350	69	36	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	69	37	n.--notochord	n.--notochord	:
37350	69	38	om.--omosternum	om.--omosternum	XX
37350	69	39	op.--operculum	op.--operculum	NNP
37350	69	40	opis.--opisthotic	opis.--opisthotic	NNP
37350	69	41	par.--parietal	par.--parietal	NNP
37350	69	42	par	par	NN
37350	69	43	.	.	.
37350	70	1	proc.--paroccipital	proc.--paroccipital	JJ
37350	70	2	process	process	NN
37350	70	3	peri	peri	NN
37350	70	4	.	.	.
37350	71	1	cent.--perichordal	cent.--perichordal	NN
37350	71	2	centrum	centrum	NN
37350	71	3	p'p.--postparietal	p'p.--postparietal	NN
37350	71	4	prep.--prepollex	prep.--prepollex	NN
37350	71	5	pro.--prootic	pro.--prootic	NNP
37350	71	6	p'sp.--parasphenoid	p'sp.--parasphenoid	CD
37350	71	7	pt.--pterygoid	pt.--pterygoid	CD
37350	71	8	p.t.f.--post	p.t.f.--post	RBS
37350	71	9	-	-	HYPH
37350	71	10	temporal	temporal	JJ
37350	71	11	fossa	fossa	JJ
37350	71	12	postzyg.--postzygapophysis	postzyg.--postzygapophysis	NNP
37350	71	13	qj.--quadratojugal	qj.--quadratojugal	NNP
37350	71	14	qu.--quadrate	qu.--quadrate	:
37350	71	15	ra.--radiale	ra.--radiale	NNP
37350	71	16	r.hy.--hyomandibular	r.hy.--hyomandibular	NNP
37350	71	17	ramus	ramus	NN
37350	71	18	of	of	IN
37350	71	19	VII	VII	NNP
37350	71	20	rib	rib	NNP
37350	71	21	-	-	HYPH
37350	71	22	b.--rib	b.--rib	NN
37350	71	23	-	-	HYPH
37350	71	24	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	71	25	r.md.--mandibular	r.md.--mandibular	NNP
37350	71	26	ramus	ramus	NN
37350	71	27	of	of	IN
37350	71	28	VII	VII	NNP
37350	71	29	sc.--scapula	sc.--scapula	NNP
37350	71	30	sc'cor.--scapulocoracoid	sc'cor.--scapulocoracoid	JJ
37350	71	31	s'd.--supradorsal	s'd.--supradorsal	NN
37350	71	32	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	71	33	s'd.(postzyg	s'd.(postzyg	NNP
37350	71	34	.	.	.
37350	71	35	)	)	-RRB-
37350	72	1	--supradorsal	--supradorsal	NNP
37350	72	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	72	3	postzygapophysis	postzygapophysis	NNP
37350	72	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	72	5	soc.--supraoccipital	soc.--supraoccipital	NNP
37350	72	6	sp.c.--spinal	sp.c.--spinal	NN
37350	72	7	cord	cord	NN
37350	72	8	sq.--squamosal	sq.--squamosal	IN
37350	72	9	s'sc.--suprascapula	s'sc.--suprascapula	UH
37350	72	10	s't.--supratemporal	s't.--supratemporal	CD
37350	72	11	sta.--stapes	sta.--stapes	NNP
37350	72	12	ster.--sternum	ster.--sternum	NNP
37350	72	13	tab.--tabular	tab.--tabular	NNP
37350	72	14	uln.--ulnare	uln.--ulnare	JJ
37350	72	15	v.a.--vertebral	v.a.--vertebral	CD
37350	72	16	artery	artery	NN
37350	72	17	xiph.--xiphisternum	xiph.--xiphisternum	NNP
37350	72	18	I	I	NNP
37350	72	19	,	,	,
37350	72	20	IV	IV	NNP
37350	72	21	--	--	:
37350	72	22	digits	digit	VBZ
37350	72	23	I	I	NNP
37350	72	24	and	and	CC
37350	72	25	IV	IV	NNP
37350	72	26	V	V	NNP
37350	72	27	,	,	,
37350	72	28	VII	VII	NNP
37350	72	29	,	,	,
37350	72	30	X	X	NNP
37350	72	31	,	,	,
37350	72	32	XII	XII	NNP
37350	72	33	--	--	:
37350	72	34	foramina	foramina	NN
37350	72	35	for	for	IN
37350	72	36	cranial	cranial	JJ
37350	72	37	nerves	nerve	NNS
37350	72	38	of	of	IN
37350	72	39	these	these	DT
37350	72	40	numbers	number	NNS
37350	72	41	(	(	-LRB-
37350	72	42	in	in	IN
37350	72	43	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	72	44	.	.	.
37350	73	1	4	4	LS
37350	73	2	,	,	,
37350	73	3	VII	VII	NNP
37350	73	4	is	be	VBZ
37350	73	5	the	the	DT
37350	73	6	facial	facial	JJ
37350	73	7	nerve	nerve	NN
37350	73	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	73	9	]	]	-RRB-
37350	73	10	In	in	IN
37350	73	11	temnospondylous	temnospondylous	JJ
37350	73	12	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	73	13	the	the	DT
37350	73	14	tympanum	tympanum	NN
37350	73	15	generally	generally	RB
37350	73	16	occupied	occupy	VBD
37350	73	17	an	an	DT
37350	73	18	otic	otic	JJ
37350	73	19	notch	notch	NN
37350	73	20	,	,	,
37350	73	21	at	at	IN
37350	73	22	a	a	DT
37350	73	23	high	high	JJ
37350	73	24	level	level	NN
37350	73	25	on	on	IN
37350	73	26	the	the	DT
37350	73	27	skull	skull	NN
37350	73	28	,	,	,
37350	73	29	bordered	border	VBN
37350	73	30	dorsomedially	dorsomedially	RB
37350	73	31	by	by	IN
37350	73	32	the	the	DT
37350	73	33	tabular	tabular	JJ
37350	73	34	and	and	CC
37350	73	35	ventrolaterally	ventrolaterally	RB
37350	73	36	by	by	IN
37350	73	37	the	the	DT
37350	73	38	squamosal	squamosal	NN
37350	73	39	.	.	.
37350	74	1	In	in	IN
37350	74	2	this	this	DT
37350	74	3	position	position	NN
37350	74	4	the	the	DT
37350	74	5	tympanum	tympanum	NN
37350	74	6	could	could	MD
37350	74	7	receive	receive	VB
37350	74	8	airborne	airborne	JJ
37350	74	9	sounds	sound	NNS
37350	74	10	whether	whether	IN
37350	74	11	the	the	DT
37350	74	12	animal	animal	NN
37350	74	13	were	be	VBD
37350	74	14	entirely	entirely	RB
37350	74	15	on	on	IN
37350	74	16	land	land	NN
37350	74	17	or	or	CC
37350	74	18	lying	lie	VBG
37350	74	19	nearly	nearly	RB
37350	74	20	submerged	submerge	VBN
37350	74	21	with	with	IN
37350	74	22	only	only	RB
37350	74	23	the	the	DT
37350	74	24	upper	upper	JJ
37350	74	25	part	part	NN
37350	74	26	of	of	IN
37350	74	27	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	74	28	head	head	NN
37350	74	29	exposed	expose	VBN
37350	74	30	.	.	.
37350	75	1	Among	among	IN
37350	75	2	those	those	DT
37350	75	3	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	75	4	in	in	IN
37350	75	5	which	which	WDT
37350	75	6	the	the	DT
37350	75	7	ear	ear	NN
37350	75	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	75	9	not	not	RB
37350	75	10	reduced	reduce	VBN
37350	75	11	the	the	DT
37350	75	12	same	same	JJ
37350	75	13	is	be	VBZ
37350	75	14	true	true	JJ
37350	75	15	,	,	,
37350	75	16	except	except	IN
37350	75	17	that	that	IN
37350	75	18	the	the	DT
37350	75	19	tabular	tabular	NN
37350	75	20	is	be	VBZ
37350	75	21	lost	lose	VBN
37350	75	22	.	.	.
37350	76	1	In	in	IN
37350	76	2	Temnospondyli	Temnospondyli	NNP
37350	76	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	76	4	Fig	fig	NN
37350	76	5	.	.	.
37350	77	1	3	3	LS
37350	77	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	77	3	the	the	DT
37350	77	4	posterior	posterior	NN
37350	77	5	wall	wall	NN
37350	77	6	of	of	IN
37350	77	7	the	the	DT
37350	77	8	otic	otic	JJ
37350	77	9	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	77	10	was	be	VBD
37350	77	11	usually	usually	RB
37350	77	12	formed	form	VBN
37350	77	13	by	by	IN
37350	77	14	the	the	DT
37350	77	15	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	77	16	,	,	,
37350	77	17	which	which	WDT
37350	77	18	extended	extend	VBD
37350	77	19	up	up	RP
37350	77	20	and	and	CC
37350	77	21	outward	outward	RB
37350	77	22	as	as	IN
37350	77	23	a	a	DT
37350	77	24	buttress	buttress	NN
37350	77	25	from	from	IN
37350	77	26	the	the	DT
37350	77	27	exoccipital	exoccipital	NN
37350	77	28	to	to	IN
37350	77	29	the	the	DT
37350	77	30	tabular	tabular	JJ
37350	77	31	,	,	,
37350	77	32	and	and	CC
37350	77	33	sometimes	sometimes	RB
37350	77	34	showed	show	VBD
37350	77	35	a	a	DT
37350	77	36	paroccipital	paroccipital	JJ
37350	77	37	process	process	NN
37350	77	38	for	for	IN
37350	77	39	the	the	DT
37350	77	40	insertion	insertion	NN
37350	77	41	,	,	,
37350	77	42	presumably	presumably	RB
37350	77	43	,	,	,
37350	77	44	of	of	IN
37350	77	45	a	a	DT
37350	77	46	slip	slip	NN
37350	77	47	or	or	CC
37350	77	48	tendon	tendon	NNP
37350	77	49	of	of	IN
37350	77	50	the	the	DT
37350	77	51	anterior	anterior	NNP
37350	77	52	axial	axial	NNP
37350	77	53	musculature	musculature	NN
37350	77	54	.	.	.
37350	78	1	The	the	DT
37350	78	2	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	78	3	,	,	,
37350	78	4	in	in	IN
37350	78	5	addition	addition	NN
37350	78	6	to	to	IN
37350	78	7	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	78	8	foot	foot	NN
37350	78	9	in	in	IN
37350	78	10	the	the	DT
37350	78	11	fenestra	fenestra	NNP
37350	78	12	ovalis	ovalis	NNP
37350	78	13	and	and	CC
37350	78	14	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	78	15	tympanic	tympanic	JJ
37350	78	16	or	or	CC
37350	78	17	extrastapedial	extrastapedial	JJ
37350	78	18	process	process	NN
37350	78	19	to	to	IN
37350	78	20	the	the	DT
37350	78	21	tympanum	tympanum	NN
37350	78	22	,	,	,
37350	78	23	bore	bear	VBD
37350	78	24	a	a	DT
37350	78	25	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	78	26	process	process	NN
37350	78	27	(	(	-LRB-
37350	78	28	or	or	CC
37350	78	29	ligament	ligament	VBP
37350	78	30	)	)	-RRB-
37350	78	31	to	to	IN
37350	78	32	the	the	DT
37350	78	33	tabular	tabular	JJ
37350	78	34	,	,	,
37350	78	35	an	an	DT
37350	78	36	"	"	``
37350	78	37	internal	internal	JJ
37350	78	38	"	"	''
37350	78	39	process	process	NN
37350	78	40	(	(	-LRB-
37350	78	41	or	or	CC
37350	78	42	ligament	ligament	CC
37350	78	43	)	)	-RRB-
37350	78	44	to	to	IN
37350	78	45	the	the	DT
37350	78	46	quadrate	quadrate	NN
37350	78	47	or	or	CC
37350	78	48	an	an	DT
37350	78	49	adjacent	adjacent	JJ
37350	78	50	part	part	NN
37350	78	51	of	of	IN
37350	78	52	the	the	DT
37350	78	53	squamosal	squamosal	NN
37350	78	54	,	,	,
37350	78	55	and	and	CC
37350	78	56	a	a	DT
37350	78	57	ligament	ligament	NN
37350	78	58	to	to	IN
37350	78	59	the	the	DT
37350	78	60	ceratohyal	ceratohyal	NN
37350	78	61	.	.	.
37350	79	1	Some	some	DT
37350	79	2	of	of	IN
37350	79	3	these	these	DT
37350	79	4	attachments	attachment	NNS
37350	79	5	might	may	MD
37350	79	6	be	be	VB
37350	79	7	reduced	reduce	VBN
37350	79	8	or	or	CC
37350	79	9	absent	absent	JJ
37350	79	10	in	in	IN
37350	79	11	special	special	JJ
37350	79	12	cases	case	NNS
37350	79	13	,	,	,
37350	79	14	but	but	CC
37350	79	15	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	79	16	seem	seem	VBP
37350	79	17	to	to	TO
37350	79	18	have	have	VB
37350	79	19	been	be	VBN
37350	79	20	the	the	DT
37350	79	21	ones	one	NNS
37350	79	22	originally	originally	RB
37350	79	23	present	present	JJ
37350	79	24	both	both	DT
37350	79	25	phylogenetically	phylogenetically	RB
37350	79	26	and	and	CC
37350	79	27	embryonically	embryonically	RB
37350	79	28	in	in	IN
37350	79	29	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	79	30	.	.	.
37350	80	1	Among	among	IN
37350	80	2	typical	typical	JJ
37350	80	3	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	80	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	80	5	Fig	fig	NN
37350	80	6	.	.	.
37350	81	1	4	4	LS
37350	81	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	81	3	the	the	DT
37350	81	4	base	base	NN
37350	81	5	,	,	,
37350	81	6	or	or	CC
37350	81	7	otostapes	otostape	NNS
37350	81	8	,	,	,
37350	81	9	is	be	VBZ
37350	81	10	present	present	JJ
37350	81	11	and	and	CC
37350	81	12	bony	bony	NNP
37350	81	13	,	,	,
37350	81	14	the	the	DT
37350	81	15	extrastapedial	extrastapedial	JJ
37350	81	16	process	process	NN
37350	81	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	81	18	extracolumella	extracolumella	NN
37350	81	19	,	,	,
37350	81	20	or	or	CC
37350	81	21	hyostapes	hyostape	NNS
37350	81	22	)	)	-RRB-
37350	81	23	is	be	VBZ
37350	81	24	usually	usually	RB
37350	81	25	cartilaginous	cartilaginous	JJ
37350	81	26	,	,	,
37350	81	27	the	the	DT
37350	81	28	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	81	29	process	process	NN
37350	81	30	(	(	-LRB-
37350	81	31	processus	processus	NNP
37350	81	32	paroticus	paroticus	NNP
37350	81	33	)	)	-RRB-
37350	81	34	is	be	VBZ
37350	81	35	of	of	IN
37350	81	36	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	81	37	or	or	CC
37350	81	38	ligament	ligament	NN
37350	81	39	,	,	,
37350	81	40	but	but	CC
37350	81	41	the	the	DT
37350	81	42	other	other	JJ
37350	81	43	two	two	CD
37350	81	44	attachments	attachment	NNS
37350	81	45	are	be	VBP
37350	81	46	absent	absent	JJ
37350	81	47	in	in	IN
37350	81	48	the	the	DT
37350	81	49	adult	adult	NN
37350	81	50	.	.	.
37350	82	1	The	the	DT
37350	82	2	exoccipital	exoccipital	JJ
37350	82	3	extends	extend	VBZ
37350	82	4	laterally	laterally	RB
37350	82	5	,	,	,
37350	82	6	occupying	occupy	VBG
37350	82	7	the	the	DT
37350	82	8	posterior	posterior	NN
37350	82	9	face	face	NN
37350	82	10	of	of	IN
37350	82	11	the	the	DT
37350	82	12	otic	otic	JJ
37350	82	13	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	82	14	.	.	.
37350	83	1	Between	between	IN
37350	83	2	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	83	3	and	and	CC
37350	83	4	the	the	DT
37350	83	5	otostapes	otostape	NNS
37350	83	6	is	be	VBZ
37350	83	7	a	a	DT
37350	83	8	small	small	JJ
37350	83	9	disc	disc	NN
37350	83	10	,	,	,
37350	83	11	usually	usually	RB
37350	83	12	ossified	ossify	VBN
37350	83	13	,	,	,
37350	83	14	the	the	DT
37350	83	15	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	83	16	,	,	,
37350	83	17	which	which	WDT
37350	83	18	normally	normally	RB
37350	83	19	fits	fit	VBZ
37350	83	20	loosely	loosely	RB
37350	83	21	in	in	IN
37350	83	22	a	a	DT
37350	83	23	portion	portion	NN
37350	83	24	of	of	IN
37350	83	25	the	the	DT
37350	83	26	fenestral	fenestral	JJ
37350	83	27	membrane	membrane	NN
37350	83	28	,	,	,
37350	83	29	and	and	CC
37350	83	30	is	be	VBZ
37350	83	31	developed	develop	VBN
37350	83	32	from	from	IN
37350	83	33	the	the	DT
37350	83	34	otic	otic	JJ
37350	83	35	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	83	36	.	.	.
37350	84	1	The	the	DT
37350	84	2	opercularis	opercularis	NN
37350	84	3	muscle	muscle	NN
37350	84	4	extends	extend	VBZ
37350	84	5	from	from	IN
37350	84	6	this	this	DT
37350	84	7	disc	disc	NN
37350	84	8	to	to	IN
37350	84	9	the	the	DT
37350	84	10	suprascapula	suprascapula	NN
37350	84	11	,	,	,
37350	84	12	in	in	IN
37350	84	13	many	many	JJ
37350	84	14	but	but	CC
37350	84	15	by	by	IN
37350	84	16	no	no	DT
37350	84	17	means	means	NN
37350	84	18	all	all	DT
37350	84	19	families	family	NNS
37350	84	20	of	of	IN
37350	84	21	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	84	22	.	.	.
37350	85	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	85	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	85	3	:	:	:
37350	85	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	85	5	.	.	.
37350	86	1	4	4	LS
37350	86	2	.	.	.
37350	87	1	Diagram	diagram	NN
37350	87	2	of	of	IN
37350	87	3	middle	middle	JJ
37350	87	4	ear	ear	NN
37350	87	5	structures	structure	NNS
37350	87	6	in	in	IN
37350	87	7	_	_	NNP
37350	87	8	Rana	Rana	NNP
37350	87	9	_	_	NNP
37350	87	10	(	(	-LRB-
37350	87	11	upper	upper	JJ
37350	87	12	figure	figure	NN
37350	87	13	,	,	,
37350	87	14	after	after	IN
37350	87	15	Stadtmüller	Stadtmüller	NNP
37350	87	16	,	,	,
37350	87	17	1936	1936	CD
37350	87	18	,	,	,
37350	87	19	and	and	CC
37350	87	20	lower	lower	RBR
37350	87	21	left	leave	VBN
37350	87	22	after	after	IN
37350	87	23	DeBeer	DeBeer	NNP
37350	87	24	,	,	,
37350	87	25	1937	1937	CD
37350	87	26	)	)	-RRB-
37350	87	27	,	,	,
37350	87	28	and	and	CC
37350	87	29	_	_	NNP
37350	87	30	Ambystoma	Ambystoma	NNP
37350	87	31	_	_	NNP
37350	87	32	(	(	-LRB-
37350	87	33	lower	lower	RBR
37350	87	34	right	right	RB
37350	87	35	,	,	,
37350	87	36	after	after	IN
37350	87	37	DeBeer	DeBeer	NNP
37350	87	38	,	,	,
37350	87	39	1937	1937	CD
37350	87	40	)	)	-RRB-
37350	87	41	;	;	:
37350	87	42	all	all	DT
37350	87	43	×	×	NN
37350	87	44	4	4	CD
37350	87	45	.	.	.
37350	88	1	For	for	IN
37350	88	2	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	88	3	of	of	IN
37350	88	4	abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	88	5	see	see	VBP
37350	88	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	88	7	.	.	.
37350	89	1	3	3	LS
37350	89	2	.	.	.
37350	89	3	]	]	-RRB-
37350	90	1	Among	among	IN
37350	90	2	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	90	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	90	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	90	5	.	.	.
37350	91	1	4	4	LS
37350	91	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	91	3	the	the	DT
37350	91	4	middle	middle	JJ
37350	91	5	ear	ear	NN
37350	91	6	cavity	cavity	NN
37350	91	7	and	and	CC
37350	91	8	tympanum	tympanum	NN
37350	91	9	are	be	VBP
37350	91	10	lacking	lack	VBG
37350	91	11	,	,	,
37350	91	12	and	and	CC
37350	91	13	the	the	DT
37350	91	14	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	91	15	(	(	-LRB-
37350	91	16	columella	columella	NNP
37350	91	17	)	)	-RRB-
37350	91	18	consists	consist	VBZ
37350	91	19	of	of	IN
37350	91	20	no	no	DT
37350	91	21	more	more	JJR
37350	91	22	than	than	IN
37350	91	23	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	91	24	footplate	footplate	NN
37350	91	25	and	and	CC
37350	91	26	the	the	DT
37350	91	27	stylus	stylus	NN
37350	91	28	,	,	,
37350	91	29	which	which	WDT
37350	91	30	is	be	VBZ
37350	91	31	attached	attach	VBN
37350	91	32	to	to	IN
37350	91	33	the	the	DT
37350	91	34	border	border	NN
37350	91	35	of	of	IN
37350	91	36	the	the	DT
37350	91	37	squamosal	squamosal	NN
37350	91	38	,	,	,
37350	91	39	thus	thus	RB
37350	91	40	corresponding	correspond	VBG
37350	91	41	to	to	IN
37350	91	42	the	the	DT
37350	91	43	"	"	``
37350	91	44	internal	internal	JJ
37350	91	45	"	"	''
37350	91	46	process	process	NN
37350	91	47	.	.	.
37350	92	1	In	in	IN
37350	92	2	families	family	NNS
37350	92	3	in	in	IN
37350	92	4	which	which	WDT
37350	92	5	individuals	individual	NNS
37350	92	6	metamorphose	metamorphose	VBP
37350	92	7	and	and	CC
37350	92	8	become	become	VBP
37350	92	9	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	92	10	(	(	-LRB-
37350	92	11	Hynobiidae	Hynobiidae	NNP
37350	92	12	,	,	,
37350	92	13	Ambystomidae	Ambystomidae	NNP
37350	92	14	,	,	,
37350	92	15	Salamandridae	Salamandridae	NNP
37350	92	16	,	,	,
37350	92	17	Plethodontidae	Plethodontidae	NNP
37350	92	18	)	)	-RRB-
37350	92	19	,	,	,
37350	92	20	an	an	DT
37350	92	21	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	92	22	and	and	CC
37350	92	23	opercularis	opercularis	JJ
37350	92	24	muscle	muscle	NN
37350	92	25	appear	appear	VBP
37350	92	26	in	in	IN
37350	92	27	the	the	DT
37350	92	28	adult	adult	NN
37350	92	29	,	,	,
37350	92	30	just	just	RB
37350	92	31	as	as	IN
37350	92	32	in	in	IN
37350	92	33	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	92	34	,	,	,
37350	92	35	except	except	IN
37350	92	36	that	that	IN
37350	92	37	in	in	IN
37350	92	38	Plethodontidae	Plethodontidae	NNP
37350	92	39	,	,	,
37350	92	40	the	the	DT
37350	92	41	most	most	RBS
37350	92	42	progressive	progressive	JJ
37350	92	43	family	family	NN
37350	92	44	,	,	,
37350	92	45	the	the	DT
37350	92	46	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	92	47	fuses	fuse	VBZ
37350	92	48	with	with	IN
37350	92	49	the	the	DT
37350	92	50	footplate	footplate	NN
37350	92	51	of	of	IN
37350	92	52	the	the	DT
37350	92	53	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	92	54	.	.	.
37350	93	1	Among	among	IN
37350	93	2	neotenous	neotenous	JJ
37350	93	3	or	or	CC
37350	93	4	perennibranchiate	perennibranchiate	NN
37350	93	5	urodeles	urodele	NNS
37350	93	6	there	there	EX
37350	93	7	is	be	VBZ
37350	93	8	no	no	DT
37350	93	9	separate	separate	JJ
37350	93	10	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	93	11	or	or	CC
37350	93	12	opercularis	opercularis	NN
37350	93	13	.	.	.
37350	94	1	The	the	DT
37350	94	2	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	94	3	given	give	VBN
37350	94	4	by	by	IN
37350	94	5	Reed	Reed	NNP
37350	94	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	94	7	1915	1915	CD
37350	94	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	94	9	for	for	IN
37350	94	10	fusion	fusion	NN
37350	94	11	of	of	IN
37350	94	12	the	the	DT
37350	94	13	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	94	14	with	with	IN
37350	94	15	the	the	DT
37350	94	16	columella	columella	NN
37350	94	17	in	in	IN
37350	94	18	_	_	NNP
37350	94	19	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	94	20	_	_	NNP
37350	94	21	appears	appear	VBZ
37350	94	22	inconclusive	inconclusive	JJ
37350	94	23	,	,	,
37350	94	24	in	in	IN
37350	94	25	spite	spite	NN
37350	94	26	of	of	IN
37350	94	27	the	the	DT
37350	94	28	great	great	JJ
37350	94	29	care	care	NN
37350	94	30	with	with	IN
37350	94	31	which	which	WDT
37350	94	32	his	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	94	33	observations	observation	NNS
37350	94	34	were	be	VBD
37350	94	35	made	make	VBN
37350	94	36	.	.	.
37350	95	1	On	on	IN
37350	95	2	the	the	DT
37350	95	3	other	other	JJ
37350	95	4	hand	hand	NN
37350	95	5	,	,	,
37350	95	6	_	_	NNP
37350	95	7	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	95	8	_	_	NNP
37350	95	9	and	and	CC
37350	95	10	_	_	NNP
37350	95	11	Proteus	Proteus	NNP
37350	95	12	_	_	NNP
37350	95	13	alone	alone	RB
37350	95	14	among	among	IN
37350	95	15	living	live	VBG
37350	95	16	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	95	17	have	have	VBP
37350	95	18	a	a	DT
37350	95	19	distinct	distinct	JJ
37350	95	20	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	95	21	on	on	IN
37350	95	22	the	the	DT
37350	95	23	posterior	posterior	NN
37350	95	24	wall	wall	NN
37350	95	25	of	of	IN
37350	95	26	the	the	DT
37350	95	27	otic	otic	JJ
37350	95	28	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	95	29	(	(	-LRB-
37350	95	30	Fig	fig	NN
37350	95	31	.	.	.
37350	96	1	3	3	LS
37350	96	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	96	3	,	,	,
37350	96	4	as	as	IN
37350	96	5	do	do	VBP
37350	96	6	the	the	DT
37350	96	7	Cretaceous	Cretaceous	NNP
37350	96	8	_	_	NNP
37350	96	9	Hylaeobatrachus	Hylaeobatrachus	NNP
37350	96	10	_	_	NNP
37350	96	11	and	and	CC
37350	96	12	the	the	DT
37350	96	13	Eocene	Eocene	NNP
37350	96	14	_	_	NNP
37350	96	15	Palaeoproteus	Palaeoproteus	NNP
37350	96	16	_	_	NNP
37350	96	17	.	.	.
37350	97	1	Probably	probably	RB
37350	97	2	these	these	DT
37350	97	3	Proteidae	Proteidae	NNP
37350	97	4	should	should	MD
37350	97	5	be	be	VB
37350	97	6	regarded	regard	VBN
37350	97	7	as	as	IN
37350	97	8	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	97	9	in	in	IN
37350	97	10	this	this	DT
37350	97	11	respect	respect	NN
37350	97	12	,	,	,
37350	97	13	although	although	IN
37350	97	14	many	many	JJ
37350	97	15	other	other	JJ
37350	97	16	features	feature	NNS
37350	97	17	may	may	MD
37350	97	18	be	be	VB
37350	97	19	attributed	attribute	VBN
37350	97	20	to	to	IN
37350	97	21	neoteny	neoteny	NN
37350	97	22	.	.	.
37350	98	1	There	there	EX
37350	98	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	98	3	a	a	DT
37350	98	4	contrast	contrast	NN
37350	98	5	between	between	IN
37350	98	6	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	98	7	and	and	CC
37350	98	8	most	most	JJS
37350	98	9	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	98	10	in	in	IN
37350	98	11	the	the	DT
37350	98	12	relative	relative	JJ
37350	98	13	positions	position	NNS
37350	98	14	of	of	IN
37350	98	15	the	the	DT
37350	98	16	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	98	17	and	and	CC
37350	98	18	facial	facial	JJ
37350	98	19	nerve	nerve	NN
37350	98	20	,	,	,
37350	98	21	as	as	IN
37350	98	22	shown	show	VBN
37350	98	23	in	in	IN
37350	98	24	DeBeer	DeBeer	NNP
37350	98	25	's	's	POS
37350	98	26	(	(	-LRB-
37350	98	27	1937	1937	CD
37350	98	28	)	)	-RRB-
37350	98	29	diagrams	diagram	NNS
37350	98	30	.	.	.
37350	99	1	In	in	IN
37350	99	2	the	the	DT
37350	99	3	latter	latter	JJ
37350	99	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	99	5	_	_	NNP
37350	99	6	Ambystoma	Ambystoma	NNP
37350	99	7	_	_	NNP
37350	99	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	99	9	the	the	DT
37350	99	10	nerve	nerve	NN
37350	99	11	is	be	VBZ
37350	99	12	beneath	beneath	JJ
37350	99	13	,	,	,
37350	99	14	and	and	CC
37350	99	15	in	in	IN
37350	99	16	the	the	DT
37350	99	17	former	former	JJ
37350	99	18	(	(	-LRB-
37350	99	19	_	_	NNP
37350	99	20	Rana	Rana	NNP
37350	99	21	_	_	NNP
37350	99	22	)	)	-RRB-
37350	99	23	above	above	RB
37350	99	24	,	,	,
37350	99	25	the	the	DT
37350	99	26	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	99	27	.	.	.
37350	100	1	Judging	judge	VBG
37350	100	2	by	by	IN
37350	100	3	figures	figure	NNS
37350	100	4	of	of	IN
37350	100	5	_	_	NNP
37350	100	6	Neoceratodus	Neoceratodus	NNP
37350	100	7	_	_	NNP
37350	100	8	,	,	,
37350	100	9	_	_	NNP
37350	100	10	Hypogeophis	Hypogeophis	NNP
37350	100	11	_	_	NNP
37350	100	12	,	,	,
37350	100	13	and	and	CC
37350	100	14	several	several	JJ
37350	100	15	types	type	NNS
37350	100	16	of	of	IN
37350	100	17	reptiles	reptile	NNS
37350	100	18	and	and	CC
37350	100	19	mammals	mammal	NNS
37350	100	20	,	,	,
37350	100	21	the	the	DT
37350	100	22	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	100	23	are	be	VBP
37350	100	24	exceptional	exceptional	JJ
37350	100	25	.	.	.
37350	101	1	_	_	NNP
37350	101	2	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	101	3	_	_	NNP
37350	101	4	,	,	,
37350	101	5	however	however	RB
37350	101	6	,	,	,
37350	101	7	has	have	VBZ
37350	101	8	the	the	DT
37350	101	9	nerve	nerve	NN
37350	101	10	passing	pass	VBG
37350	101	11	above	above	IN
37350	101	12	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	101	13	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	101	14	,	,	,
37350	101	15	and	and	CC
37350	101	16	this	this	DT
37350	101	17	may	may	MD
37350	101	18	be	be	VB
37350	101	19	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	101	20	in	in	IN
37350	101	21	the	the	DT
37350	101	22	same	same	JJ
37350	101	23	sense	sense	NN
37350	101	24	as	as	IN
37350	101	25	the	the	DT
37350	101	26	persistent	persistent	JJ
37350	101	27	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	101	28	.	.	.
37350	102	1	There	there	EX
37350	102	2	can	can	MD
37350	102	3	be	be	VB
37350	102	4	,	,	,
37350	102	5	of	of	IN
37350	102	6	course	course	NN
37350	102	7	,	,	,
37350	102	8	no	no	DT
37350	102	9	question	question	NN
37350	102	10	of	of	IN
37350	102	11	the	the	DT
37350	102	12	nerve	nerve	NN
37350	102	13	having	have	VBG
37350	102	14	worked	work	VBN
37350	102	15	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	102	16	way	way	NN
37350	102	17	through	through	IN
37350	102	18	or	or	CC
37350	102	19	over	over	IN
37350	102	20	the	the	DT
37350	102	21	obstructing	obstruct	VBG
37350	102	22	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	102	23	in	in	IN
37350	102	24	order	order	NN
37350	102	25	to	to	TO
37350	102	26	come	come	VB
37350	102	27	below	below	IN
37350	102	28	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	102	29	in	in	IN
37350	102	30	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	102	31	;	;	:
37350	102	32	rather	rather	RB
37350	102	33	,	,	,
37350	102	34	the	the	DT
37350	102	35	peripheral	peripheral	JJ
37350	102	36	growth	growth	NN
37350	102	37	of	of	IN
37350	102	38	neuron	neuron	NN
37350	102	39	fibers	fiber	NNS
37350	102	40	in	in	IN
37350	102	41	the	the	DT
37350	102	42	embryo	embryo	NN
37350	102	43	must	must	MD
37350	102	44	simply	simply	RB
37350	102	45	pursue	pursue	VB
37350	102	46	a	a	DT
37350	102	47	slightly	slightly	RB
37350	102	48	different	different	JJ
37350	102	49	course	course	NN
37350	102	50	among	among	IN
37350	102	51	the	the	DT
37350	102	52	partially	partially	RB
37350	102	53	differentiated	differentiate	VBN
37350	102	54	mesenchyme	mesenchyme	NNS
37350	102	55	in	in	IN
37350	102	56	the	the	DT
37350	102	57	two	two	CD
37350	102	58	contrasting	contrast	VBG
37350	102	59	patterns	pattern	NNS
37350	102	60	.	.	.
37350	103	1	Although	although	IN
37350	103	2	DeBeer	DeBeer	NNP
37350	103	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	103	4	1937	1937	CD
37350	103	5	)	)	-RRB-
37350	103	6	shows	show	VBZ
37350	103	7	in	in	IN
37350	103	8	his	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	103	9	figure	figure	NN
37350	103	10	of	of	IN
37350	103	11	_	_	NNP
37350	103	12	Hypogeophis	Hypogeophis	NNP
37350	103	13	_	_	NNP
37350	103	14	(	(	-LRB-
37350	103	15	one	one	CD
37350	103	16	of	of	IN
37350	103	17	the	the	DT
37350	103	18	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	103	19	)	)	-RRB-
37350	103	20	an	an	DT
37350	103	21	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	103	22	,	,	,
37350	103	23	this	this	DT
37350	103	24	is	be	VBZ
37350	103	25	apparently	apparently	RB
37350	103	26	a	a	DT
37350	103	27	mistake	mistake	NN
37350	103	28	.	.	.
37350	104	1	The	the	DT
37350	104	2	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	104	3	has	have	VBZ
37350	104	4	a	a	DT
37350	104	5	large	large	JJ
37350	104	6	footplate	footplate	NN
37350	104	7	,	,	,
37350	104	8	and	and	CC
37350	104	9	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	104	10	stylus	stylus	JJ
37350	104	11	articulates	articulate	VBZ
37350	104	12	with	with	IN
37350	104	13	the	the	DT
37350	104	14	quadrate	quadrate	NN
37350	104	15	,	,	,
37350	104	16	but	but	CC
37350	104	17	no	no	DT
37350	104	18	true	true	JJ
37350	104	19	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	104	20	or	or	CC
37350	104	21	opercularis	opercularis	NNP
37350	104	22	has	have	VBZ
37350	104	23	been	be	VBN
37350	104	24	described	describe	VBN
37350	104	25	in	in	IN
37350	104	26	the	the	DT
37350	104	27	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	104	28	.	.	.
37350	105	1	The	the	DT
37350	105	2	facial	facial	JJ
37350	105	3	nerve	nerve	NN
37350	105	4	passes	pass	VBZ
37350	105	5	above	above	IN
37350	105	6	the	the	DT
37350	105	7	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	105	8	.	.	.
37350	106	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	106	2	does	do	VBZ
37350	106	3	not	not	RB
37350	106	4	seem	seem	VB
37350	106	5	necessary	necessary	JJ
37350	106	6	to	to	TO
37350	106	7	regard	regard	VB
37350	106	8	the	the	DT
37350	106	9	conditions	condition	NNS
37350	106	10	in	in	IN
37350	106	11	this	this	DT
37350	106	12	order	order	NN
37350	106	13	as	as	IN
37350	106	14	related	relate	VBN
37350	106	15	directly	directly	RB
37350	106	16	to	to	IN
37350	106	17	those	those	DT
37350	106	18	of	of	IN
37350	106	19	either	either	DT
37350	106	20	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	106	21	or	or	CC
37350	106	22	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	106	23	,	,	,
37350	106	24	but	but	CC
37350	106	25	a	a	DT
37350	106	26	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	106	27	of	of	IN
37350	106	28	the	the	DT
37350	106	29	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	106	30	comparable	comparable	JJ
37350	106	31	to	to	IN
37350	106	32	that	that	DT
37350	106	33	in	in	IN
37350	106	34	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	106	35	has	have	VBZ
37350	106	36	occurred	occur	VBN
37350	106	37	.	.	.
37350	107	1	The	the	DT
37350	107	2	presence	presence	NN
37350	107	3	in	in	IN
37350	107	4	both	both	DT
37350	107	5	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	107	6	and	and	CC
37350	107	7	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	107	8	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	107	9	of	of	IN
37350	107	10	a	a	DT
37350	107	11	special	special	JJ
37350	107	12	mechanism	mechanism	NN
37350	107	13	involving	involve	VBG
37350	107	14	the	the	DT
37350	107	15	opercularis	opercularis	NNP
37350	107	16	muscle	muscle	NN
37350	107	17	and	and	CC
37350	107	18	an	an	DT
37350	107	19	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	107	20	cut	cut	VBN
37350	107	21	out	out	RP
37350	107	22	in	in	IN
37350	107	23	identical	identical	JJ
37350	107	24	fashion	fashion	NN
37350	107	25	from	from	IN
37350	107	26	the	the	DT
37350	107	27	wall	wall	NN
37350	107	28	of	of	IN
37350	107	29	the	the	DT
37350	107	30	otic	otic	JJ
37350	107	31	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	107	32	behind	behind	IN
37350	107	33	the	the	DT
37350	107	34	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	107	35	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	107	36	to	to	TO
37350	107	37	require	require	VB
37350	107	38	some	some	DT
37350	107	39	other	other	JJ
37350	107	40	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	107	41	than	than	IN
37350	107	42	that	that	DT
37350	107	43	of	of	IN
37350	107	44	a	a	DT
37350	107	45	chance	chance	NN
37350	107	46	convergence	convergence	NN
37350	107	47	or	or	CC
37350	107	48	parallelism	parallelism	NN
37350	107	49	.	.	.
37350	108	1	Although	although	IN
37350	108	2	the	the	DT
37350	108	3	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	108	4	and	and	CC
37350	108	5	otic	otic	JJ
37350	108	6	region	region	NN
37350	108	7	are	be	VBP
37350	108	8	readily	readily	RB
37350	108	9	visible	visible	JJ
37350	108	10	in	in	IN
37350	108	11	a	a	DT
37350	108	12	number	number	NN
37350	108	13	of	of	IN
37350	108	14	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	108	15	and	and	CC
37350	108	16	lepospondyls	lepospondyls	NNP
37350	108	17	,	,	,
37350	108	18	no	no	DT
37350	108	19	indication	indication	NN
37350	108	20	of	of	IN
37350	108	21	an	an	DT
37350	108	22	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	108	23	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	108	24	to	to	TO
37350	108	25	be	be	VB
37350	108	26	reported	report	VBN
37350	108	27	among	among	IN
37350	108	28	them	-PRON-	PRP
37350	108	29	.	.	.
37350	109	1	But	but	CC
37350	109	2	in	in	IN
37350	109	3	the	the	DT
37350	109	4	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	109	5	_	_	NNP
37350	109	6	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	109	7	_	_	NNP
37350	109	8	(	(	-LRB-
37350	109	9	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	109	10	.	.	.
37350	110	1	1	1	LS
37350	110	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	110	3	,	,	,
37350	110	4	which	which	WDT
37350	110	5	is	be	VBZ
37350	110	6	unmistakably	unmistakably	RB
37350	110	7	a	a	DT
37350	110	8	frog	frog	NN
37350	110	9	in	in	IN
37350	110	10	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	110	11	skull	skull	NN
37350	110	12	,	,	,
37350	110	13	pelvis	pelvis	NNP
37350	110	14	and	and	CC
37350	110	15	some	some	DT
37350	110	16	other	other	JJ
37350	110	17	features	feature	NNS
37350	110	18	,	,	,
37350	110	19	Piveteau	Piveteau	NNP
37350	110	20	(	(	-LRB-
37350	110	21	1937	1937	CD
37350	110	22	)	)	-RRB-
37350	110	23	has	have	VBZ
37350	110	24	shown	show	VBN
37350	110	25	,	,	,
37350	110	26	immediately	immediately	RB
37350	110	27	behind	behind	IN
37350	110	28	the	the	DT
37350	110	29	foot	foot	NN
37350	110	30	of	of	IN
37350	110	31	the	the	DT
37350	110	32	stapes	stape	NNS
37350	110	33	,	,	,
37350	110	34	a	a	DT
37350	110	35	small	small	JJ
37350	110	36	bony	bony	NN
37350	110	37	tubercle	tubercle	NN
37350	110	38	,	,	,
37350	110	39	which	which	WDT
37350	110	40	he	-PRON-	PRP
37350	110	41	and	and	CC
37350	110	42	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	110	43	(	(	-LRB-
37350	110	44	1940	1940	CD
37350	110	45	)	)	-RRB-
37350	110	46	designated	designate	VBN
37350	110	47	opisthotic	opisthotic	JJ
37350	110	48	.	.	.
37350	111	1	Very	very	RB
37350	111	2	clearly	clearly	RB
37350	111	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	111	4	served	serve	VBD
37350	111	5	for	for	IN
37350	111	6	insertion	insertion	NN
37350	111	7	of	of	IN
37350	111	8	a	a	DT
37350	111	9	muscle	muscle	NN
37350	111	10	,	,	,
37350	111	11	and	and	CC
37350	111	12	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	111	13	is	be	VBZ
37350	111	14	equally	equally	RB
37350	111	15	clear	clear	JJ
37350	111	16	that	that	IN
37350	111	17	the	the	DT
37350	111	18	bone	bone	NN
37350	111	19	is	be	VBZ
37350	111	20	a	a	DT
37350	111	21	reduced	reduced	JJ
37350	111	22	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	111	23	,	,	,
37350	111	24	carrying	carry	VBG
37350	111	25	the	the	DT
37350	111	26	paroccipital	paroccipital	JJ
37350	111	27	process	process	NN
37350	111	28	already	already	RB
37350	111	29	mentioned	mention	VBN
37350	111	30	as	as	IN
37350	111	31	characteristic	characteristic	JJ
37350	111	32	of	of	IN
37350	111	33	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	111	34	in	in	IN
37350	111	35	some	some	DT
37350	111	36	temnospondyls	temnospondyls	NN
37350	111	37	.	.	.
37350	112	1	Since	since	IN
37350	112	2	the	the	DT
37350	112	3	remainder	remainder	NN
37350	112	4	of	of	IN
37350	112	5	the	the	DT
37350	112	6	posterior	posterior	NN
37350	112	7	wall	wall	NN
37350	112	8	of	of	IN
37350	112	9	the	the	DT
37350	112	10	otic	otic	JJ
37350	112	11	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	112	12	consists	consist	VBZ
37350	112	13	of	of	IN
37350	112	14	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	112	15	,	,	,
37350	112	16	meeting	meet	VBG
37350	112	17	the	the	DT
37350	112	18	exoccipital	exoccipital	NN
37350	112	19	,	,	,
37350	112	20	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	112	21	may	may	MD
37350	112	22	be	be	VB
37350	112	23	that	that	IN
37350	112	24	the	the	DT
37350	112	25	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	112	26	becomes	become	VBZ
37350	112	27	the	the	DT
37350	112	28	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	112	29	in	in	IN
37350	112	30	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	112	31	.	.	.
37350	113	1	_	_	NNP
37350	113	2	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	113	3	_	_	NNP
37350	113	4	was	be	VBD
37350	113	5	too	too	RB
37350	113	6	far	far	RB
37350	113	7	specialized	specialize	VBN
37350	113	8	in	in	IN
37350	113	9	the	the	DT
37350	113	10	Anuran	Anuran	NNP
37350	113	11	direction	direction	NN
37350	113	12	,	,	,
37350	113	13	although	although	IN
37350	113	14	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	113	15	still	still	RB
37350	113	16	had	have	VBD
37350	113	17	a	a	DT
37350	113	18	tail	tail	NN
37350	113	19	,	,	,
37350	113	20	and	and	CC
37350	113	21	the	the	DT
37350	113	22	forelegs	foreleg	NNS
37350	113	23	and	and	CC
37350	113	24	hind	hind	NN
37350	113	25	legs	leg	NNS
37350	113	26	were	be	VBD
37350	113	27	nearly	nearly	RB
37350	113	28	the	the	DT
37350	113	29	same	same	JJ
37350	113	30	size	size	NN
37350	113	31	,	,	,
37350	113	32	to	to	TO
37350	113	33	be	be	VB
37350	113	34	considered	consider	VBN
37350	113	35	a	a	DT
37350	113	36	possible	possible	JJ
37350	113	37	ancestor	ancestor	NN
37350	113	38	of	of	IN
37350	113	39	the	the	DT
37350	113	40	Urodeles	Urodeles	NNP
37350	113	41	.	.	.
37350	114	1	But	but	CC
37350	114	2	at	at	IN
37350	114	3	one	one	CD
37350	114	4	stage	stage	NN
37350	114	5	in	in	IN
37350	114	6	the	the	DT
37350	114	7	general	general	JJ
37350	114	8	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	114	9	of	of	IN
37350	114	10	the	the	DT
37350	114	11	skull	skull	NN
37350	114	12	in	in	IN
37350	114	13	the	the	DT
37350	114	14	ancestry	ancestry	NN
37350	114	15	of	of	IN
37350	114	16	both	both	DT
37350	114	17	groups	group	NNS
37350	114	18	,	,	,
37350	114	19	a	a	DT
37350	114	20	condition	condition	NN
37350	114	21	similar	similar	JJ
37350	114	22	to	to	IN
37350	114	23	that	that	DT
37350	114	24	in	in	IN
37350	114	25	_	_	NNP
37350	114	26	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	114	27	_	_	NNP
37350	114	28	may	may	MD
37350	114	29	have	have	VB
37350	114	30	characterized	characterize	VBN
37350	114	31	the	the	DT
37350	114	32	otic	otic	JJ
37350	114	33	region	region	NN
37350	114	34	,	,	,
37350	114	35	long	long	RB
37350	114	36	before	before	IN
37350	114	37	the	the	DT
37350	114	38	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	114	39	.	.	.
37350	115	1	In	in	IN
37350	115	2	the	the	DT
37350	115	3	argument	argument	NN
37350	115	4	thus	thus	RB
37350	115	5	far	far	RB
37350	115	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	115	7	have	have	VBP
37350	115	8	considered	consider	VBN
37350	115	9	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	115	10	,	,	,
37350	115	11	adult	adult	NN
37350	115	12	amphibians	amphibian	NNS
37350	115	13	,	,	,
37350	115	14	since	since	IN
37350	115	15	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	115	16	is	be	VBZ
37350	115	17	only	only	RB
37350	115	18	in	in	IN
37350	115	19	these	these	DT
37350	115	20	that	that	WDT
37350	115	21	either	either	CC
37350	115	22	the	the	DT
37350	115	23	normal	normal	JJ
37350	115	24	middle	middle	JJ
37350	115	25	ear	ear	NN
37350	115	26	and	and	CC
37350	115	27	tympanum	tympanum	FW
37350	115	28	,	,	,
37350	115	29	or	or	CC
37350	115	30	the	the	DT
37350	115	31	opercular	opercular	JJ
37350	115	32	apparatus	apparatus	NN
37350	115	33	,	,	,
37350	115	34	is	be	VBZ
37350	115	35	present	present	JJ
37350	115	36	.	.	.
37350	116	1	But	but	CC
37350	116	2	among	among	IN
37350	116	3	the	the	DT
37350	116	4	urodeles	urodele	NNS
37350	116	5	several	several	JJ
37350	116	6	neotenic	neotenic	JJ
37350	116	7	types	type	NNS
37350	116	8	occur	occur	VBP
37350	116	9	(	(	-LRB-
37350	116	10	this	this	DT
37350	116	11	term	term	NN
37350	116	12	applies	apply	VBZ
37350	116	13	also	also	RB
37350	116	14	to	to	IN
37350	116	15	the	the	DT
37350	116	16	perennibranchs	perennibranchs	NN
37350	116	17	)	)	-RRB-
37350	116	18	.	.	.
37350	117	1	For	for	IN
37350	117	2	most	most	JJS
37350	117	3	of	of	IN
37350	117	4	these	these	DT
37350	117	5	there	there	EX
37350	117	6	is	be	VBZ
37350	117	7	nothing	nothing	NN
37350	117	8	about	about	IN
37350	117	9	the	the	DT
37350	117	10	otic	otic	JJ
37350	117	11	region	region	NN
37350	117	12	that	that	WDT
37350	117	13	would	would	MD
37350	117	14	be	be	VB
37350	117	15	inconsistent	inconsistent	JJ
37350	117	16	with	with	IN
37350	117	17	derivation	derivation	NN
37350	117	18	,	,	,
37350	117	19	by	by	IN
37350	117	20	neoteny	neoteny	NN
37350	117	21	,	,	,
37350	117	22	from	from	IN
37350	117	23	known	know	VBN
37350	117	24	families	family	NNS
37350	117	25	in	in	IN
37350	117	26	which	which	WDT
37350	117	27	adults	adult	NNS
37350	117	28	are	be	VBP
37350	117	29	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	117	30	;	;	:
37350	117	31	for	for	IN
37350	117	32	example	example	NN
37350	117	33	,	,	,
37350	117	34	_	_	NNP
37350	117	35	Cryptobranchus	Cryptobranchus	NNP
37350	117	36	_	_	NNP
37350	117	37	could	could	MD
37350	117	38	have	have	VB
37350	117	39	had	have	VBN
37350	117	40	a	a	DT
37350	117	41	Hynobiid	Hynobiid	NNP
37350	117	42	-	-	HYPH
37350	117	43	like	like	JJ
37350	117	44	ancestor	ancestor	NN
37350	117	45	.	.	.
37350	118	1	But	but	CC
37350	118	2	this	this	DT
37350	118	3	,	,	,
37350	118	4	as	as	IN
37350	118	5	mentioned	mention	VBN
37350	118	6	above	above	RB
37350	118	7	,	,	,
37350	118	8	does	do	VBZ
37350	118	9	not	not	RB
37350	118	10	hold	hold	VB
37350	118	11	for	for	IN
37350	118	12	the	the	DT
37350	118	13	Proteidae	Proteidae	NNP
37350	118	14	,	,	,
37350	118	15	which	which	WDT
37350	118	16	possess	possess	VBP
37350	118	17	an	an	DT
37350	118	18	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	118	19	of	of	IN
37350	118	20	relatively	relatively	RB
37350	118	21	large	large	JJ
37350	118	22	size	size	NN
37350	118	23	,	,	,
37350	118	24	distinctly	distinctly	RB
37350	118	25	separate	separate	JJ
37350	118	26	from	from	IN
37350	118	27	the	the	DT
37350	118	28	exoccipital	exoccipital	JJ
37350	118	29	and	and	CC
37350	118	30	prootic	prootic	JJ
37350	118	31	.	.	.
37350	119	1	Either	either	CC
37350	119	2	this	this	DT
37350	119	3	bone	bone	NN
37350	119	4	is	be	VBZ
37350	119	5	a	a	DT
37350	119	6	neomorph	neomorph	NN
37350	119	7	,	,	,
37350	119	8	which	which	WDT
37350	119	9	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	119	10	improbable	improbable	JJ
37350	119	11	,	,	,
37350	119	12	or	or	CC
37350	119	13	there	there	EX
37350	119	14	has	have	VBZ
37350	119	15	not	not	RB
37350	119	16	been	be	VBN
37350	119	17	in	in	IN
37350	119	18	the	the	DT
37350	119	19	ancestry	ancestry	NN
37350	119	20	of	of	IN
37350	119	21	this	this	DT
37350	119	22	particular	particular	JJ
37350	119	23	family	family	NN
37350	119	24	an	an	DT
37350	119	25	episode	episode	NN
37350	119	26	of	of	IN
37350	119	27	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	119	28	comparable	comparable	JJ
37350	119	29	to	to	IN
37350	119	30	that	that	DT
37350	119	31	seen	see	VBN
37350	119	32	in	in	IN
37350	119	33	the	the	DT
37350	119	34	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	119	35	families	family	NNS
37350	119	36	,	,	,
37350	119	37	where	where	WRB
37350	119	38	there	there	EX
37350	119	39	is	be	VBZ
37350	119	40	an	an	DT
37350	119	41	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	119	42	instead	instead	RB
37350	119	43	of	of	IN
37350	119	44	a	a	DT
37350	119	45	normal	normal	JJ
37350	119	46	opisthotic	opisthotic	NN
37350	119	47	.	.	.
37350	120	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
37350	120	2	the	the	DT
37350	120	3	Proteidae	Proteidae	NNP
37350	120	4	probably	probably	RB
37350	120	5	are	be	VBP
37350	120	6	not	not	RB
37350	120	7	derived	derive	VBN
37350	120	8	from	from	IN
37350	120	9	the	the	DT
37350	120	10	general	general	JJ
37350	120	11	stem	stem	NN
37350	120	12	of	of	IN
37350	120	13	other	other	JJ
37350	120	14	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	120	15	,	,	,
37350	120	16	but	but	CC
37350	120	17	diverged	diverge	VBD
37350	120	18	sufficiently	sufficiently	RB
37350	120	19	long	long	RB
37350	120	20	ago	ago	RB
37350	120	21	that	that	IN
37350	120	22	the	the	DT
37350	120	23	bones	bone	NNS
37350	120	24	of	of	IN
37350	120	25	the	the	DT
37350	120	26	otic	otic	JJ
37350	120	27	region	region	NN
37350	120	28	were	be	VBD
37350	120	29	reduced	reduce	VBN
37350	120	30	on	on	IN
37350	120	31	a	a	DT
37350	120	32	different	different	JJ
37350	120	33	pattern	pattern	NN
37350	120	34	.	.	.
37350	121	1	They	-PRON-	PRP
37350	121	2	need	nee	MD
37350	121	3	not	not	RB
37350	121	4	be	be	VB
37350	121	5	removed	remove	VBN
37350	121	6	from	from	IN
37350	121	7	the	the	DT
37350	121	8	order	order	NN
37350	121	9	,	,	,
37350	121	10	but	but	CC
37350	121	11	,	,	,
37350	121	12	in	in	IN
37350	121	13	this	this	DT
37350	121	14	respect	respect	NN
37350	121	15	,	,	,
37350	121	16	recognized	recognize	VBD
37350	121	17	as	as	IN
37350	121	18	more	more	RBR
37350	121	19	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	121	20	than	than	IN
37350	121	21	any	any	DT
37350	121	22	other	other	JJ
37350	121	23	existing	exist	VBG
37350	121	24	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	121	25	or	or	CC
37350	121	26	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	121	27	.	.	.
37350	122	1	A	a	DT
37350	122	2	recent	recent	JJ
37350	122	3	paper	paper	NN
37350	122	4	by	by	IN
37350	122	5	Hecht	Hecht	NNP
37350	122	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	122	7	1957	1957	CD
37350	122	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	122	9	discusses	discuss	VBZ
37350	122	10	many	many	JJ
37350	122	11	features	feature	NNS
37350	122	12	of	of	IN
37350	122	13	_	_	NNP
37350	122	14	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	122	15	_	_	NNP
37350	122	16	and	and	CC
37350	122	17	_	_	NNP
37350	122	18	Proteus	Proteus	NNP
37350	122	19	_	_	NNP
37350	122	20	,	,	,
37350	122	21	and	and	CC
37350	122	22	shows	show	VBZ
37350	122	23	that	that	IN
37350	122	24	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	122	25	are	be	VBP
37350	122	26	remote	remote	JJ
37350	122	27	from	from	IN
37350	122	28	each	each	DT
37350	122	29	other	other	JJ
37350	122	30	;	;	:
37350	122	31	his	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	122	32	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	122	33	does	do	VBZ
37350	122	34	not	not	RB
37350	122	35	seem	seem	VB
37350	122	36	to	to	TO
37350	122	37	prove	prove	VB
37350	122	38	,	,	,
37350	122	39	however	however	RB
37350	122	40	,	,	,
37350	122	41	that	that	IN
37350	122	42	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	122	43	were	be	VBD
37350	122	44	of	of	IN
37350	122	45	independent	independent	JJ
37350	122	46	origin	origin	NN
37350	122	47	or	or	CC
37350	122	48	that	that	IN
37350	122	49	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	122	50	need	need	VBP
37350	122	51	be	be	VB
37350	122	52	placed	place	VBN
37350	122	53	in	in	IN
37350	122	54	separate	separate	JJ
37350	122	55	families	family	NNS
37350	122	56	.	.	.
37350	123	1	VERTEBRAE	vertebrae	NN
37350	123	2	AND	and	CC
37350	123	3	RIBS	RIBS	NNP
37350	123	4	Development	Development	NNP
37350	123	5	of	of	IN
37350	123	6	the	the	DT
37350	123	7	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	123	8	and	and	CC
37350	123	9	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	123	10	of	of	IN
37350	123	11	Recent	Recent	NNP
37350	123	12	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	123	13	has	have	VBZ
37350	123	14	been	be	VBN
37350	123	15	studied	study	VBN
37350	123	16	by	by	IN
37350	123	17	Gamble	Gamble	NNP
37350	123	18	(	(	-LRB-
37350	123	19	1922	1922	CD
37350	123	20	)	)	-RRB-
37350	123	21	,	,	,
37350	123	22	Naef	Naef	NNP
37350	123	23	(	(	-LRB-
37350	123	24	1929	1929	CD
37350	123	25	)	)	-RRB-
37350	123	26	,	,	,
37350	123	27	Mookerjee	Mookerjee	NNP
37350	123	28	(	(	-LRB-
37350	123	29	1930	1930	CD
37350	123	30	a	a	DT
37350	123	31	,	,	,
37350	123	32	b	b	NN
37350	123	33	)	)	-RRB-
37350	123	34	,	,	,
37350	123	35	Gray	Gray	NNP
37350	123	36	(	(	-LRB-
37350	123	37	1930	1930	CD
37350	123	38	)	)	-RRB-
37350	123	39	and	and	CC
37350	123	40	Emelianov	Emelianov	NNP
37350	123	41	(	(	-LRB-
37350	123	42	1936	1936	CD
37350	123	43	)	)	-RRB-
37350	123	44	,	,	,
37350	123	45	among	among	IN
37350	123	46	others	other	NNS
37350	123	47	.	.	.
37350	124	1	MacBride	MacBride	NNP
37350	124	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	124	3	1932	1932	CD
37350	124	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	124	5	and	and	CC
37350	124	6	Remane	Remane	NNP
37350	124	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	124	8	1938	1938	CD
37350	124	9	)	)	-RRB-
37350	124	10	provide	provide	VB
37350	124	11	good	good	JJ
37350	124	12	summaries	summary	NNS
37350	124	13	.	.	.
37350	125	1	In	in	IN
37350	125	2	this	this	DT
37350	125	3	section	section	NN
37350	125	4	reference	reference	NN
37350	125	5	will	will	MD
37350	125	6	be	be	VB
37350	125	7	made	make	VBN
37350	125	8	to	to	IN
37350	125	9	the	the	DT
37350	125	10	embryonic	embryonic	JJ
37350	125	11	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	125	12	cartilages	cartilage	NNS
37350	125	13	by	by	IN
37350	125	14	the	the	DT
37350	125	15	names	name	NNS
37350	125	16	used	use	VBN
37350	125	17	for	for	IN
37350	125	18	them	-PRON-	PRP
37350	125	19	in	in	IN
37350	125	20	these	these	DT
37350	125	21	studies	study	NNS
37350	125	22	,	,	,
37350	125	23	although	although	IN
37350	125	24	the	the	DT
37350	125	25	concept	concept	NN
37350	125	26	of	of	IN
37350	125	27	"	"	``
37350	125	28	arcualia	arcualia	NNP
37350	125	29	"	"	''
37350	125	30	is	be	VBZ
37350	125	31	currently	currently	RB
37350	125	32	considered	consider	VBN
37350	125	33	of	of	IN
37350	125	34	little	little	JJ
37350	125	35	value	value	NN
37350	125	36	in	in	IN
37350	125	37	comparative	comparative	JJ
37350	125	38	anatomy	anatomy	NN
37350	125	39	.	.	.
37350	126	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	126	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	126	3	:	:	:
37350	126	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	126	5	.	.	.
37350	127	1	5	5	CD
37350	127	2	.	.	.
37350	128	1	Development	development	NN
37350	128	2	of	of	IN
37350	128	3	Anuran	Anuran	NNP
37350	128	4	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	128	5	.	.	.
37350	129	1	Upper	upper	JJ
37350	129	2	left	left	NN
37350	129	3	,	,	,
37350	129	4	late	late	JJ
37350	129	5	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	129	6	of	of	IN
37350	129	7	_	_	NNP
37350	129	8	Xenopus	Xenopus	NNP
37350	129	9	laevis	laevis	NN
37350	129	10	_	_	NNP
37350	129	11	;	;	:
37350	129	12	lower	low	JJR
37350	129	13	left	left	JJ
37350	129	14	,	,	,
37350	129	15	same	same	JJ
37350	129	16	just	just	RB
37350	129	17	after	after	IN
37350	129	18	metamorphosis	metamorphosis	NN
37350	129	19	;	;	:
37350	129	20	upper	upper	JJ
37350	129	21	right	right	NN
37350	129	22	,	,	,
37350	129	23	diagram	diagram	NN
37350	129	24	of	of	IN
37350	129	25	general	general	JJ
37350	129	26	components	component	NNS
37350	129	27	of	of	IN
37350	129	28	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	129	29	Anuran	Anuran	NNP
37350	129	30	vertebra	vertebra	NNS
37350	129	31	.	.	.
37350	130	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	130	2	After	after	IN
37350	130	3	MacBride	MacBride	NNP
37350	130	4	,	,	,
37350	130	5	1932	1932	CD
37350	130	6	,	,	,
37350	130	7	Figs	fig	NNS
37350	130	8	.	.	.
37350	131	1	35	35	CD
37350	131	2	,	,	,
37350	131	3	38	38	CD
37350	131	4	,	,	,
37350	131	5	47D	47d	CD
37350	131	6	,	,	,
37350	131	7	respectively	respectively	RB
37350	131	8	.	.	.
37350	131	9	)	)	-RRB-
37350	132	1	Lower	lower	RBR
37350	132	2	right	right	JJ
37350	132	3	,	,	,
37350	132	4	section	section	NN
37350	132	5	through	through	IN
37350	132	6	anterior	anterior	JJ
37350	132	7	portion	portion	NN
37350	132	8	of	of	IN
37350	132	9	urostyle	urostyle	NNS
37350	132	10	,	,	,
37350	132	11	immediately	immediately	RB
37350	132	12	posterior	posterior	RB
37350	132	13	to	to	IN
37350	132	14	sacral	sacral	JJ
37350	132	15	vertebra	vertebra	NNS
37350	132	16	,	,	,
37350	132	17	in	in	IN
37350	132	18	transforming	transform	VBG
37350	132	19	_	_	NNP
37350	132	20	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	132	21	truei	truei	NN
37350	132	22	_	_	NNP
37350	132	23	(	(	-LRB-
37350	132	24	original	original	JJ
37350	132	25	,	,	,
37350	132	26	from	from	IN
37350	132	27	specimen	speciman	NNS
37350	132	28	collected	collect	VBN
37350	132	29	on	on	IN
37350	132	30	Olympic	Olympic	NNP
37350	132	31	Peninsula	Peninsula	NNP
37350	132	32	,	,	,
37350	132	33	Washington	Washington	NNP
37350	132	34	)	)	-RRB-
37350	132	35	.	.	.
37350	133	1	All	all	DT
37350	133	2	×	×	NNS
37350	133	3	20	20	CD
37350	133	4	approx	approx	NN
37350	133	5	.	.	.
37350	134	1	For	for	IN
37350	134	2	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	134	3	of	of	IN
37350	134	4	abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	134	5	see	see	VBP
37350	134	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	134	7	.	.	.
37350	135	1	3	3	LS
37350	135	2	.	.	.
37350	135	3	]	]	-RRB-
37350	136	1	The	the	DT
37350	136	2	centrum	centrum	NN
37350	136	3	in	in	IN
37350	136	4	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	136	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	136	6	Fig	fig	NN
37350	136	7	.	.	.
37350	137	1	5	5	LS
37350	137	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	137	3	is	be	VBZ
37350	137	4	formed	form	VBN
37350	137	5	in	in	IN
37350	137	6	the	the	DT
37350	137	7	perichordal	perichordal	NN
37350	137	8	sheath	sheath	NN
37350	137	9	(	(	-LRB-
37350	137	10	_	_	NNP
37350	137	11	Rana	Rana	NNP
37350	137	12	_	_	NNP
37350	137	13	,	,	,
37350	137	14	_	_	NNP
37350	137	15	Bufo	Bufo	NNP
37350	137	16	_	_	NNP
37350	137	17	)	)	-RRB-
37350	137	18	or	or	CC
37350	137	19	only	only	RB
37350	137	20	in	in	IN
37350	137	21	the	the	DT
37350	137	22	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	137	23	portion	portion	NN
37350	137	24	thereof	thereof	RB
37350	137	25	(	(	-LRB-
37350	137	26	_	_	NNP
37350	137	27	Bombinator	Bombinator	NNP
37350	137	28	_	_	NNP
37350	137	29	,	,	,
37350	137	30	_	_	NNP
37350	137	31	Xenopus	Xenopus	NNP
37350	137	32	_	_	NNP
37350	137	33	)	)	-RRB-
37350	137	34	.	.	.
37350	138	1	The	the	DT
37350	138	2	neural	neural	JJ
37350	138	3	arch	arch	NN
37350	138	4	develops	develop	VBZ
37350	138	5	from	from	IN
37350	138	6	the	the	DT
37350	138	7	basidorsal	basidorsal	NN
37350	138	8	cartilages	cartilage	NNS
37350	138	9	that	that	WDT
37350	138	10	rest	rest	VBP
37350	138	11	upon	upon	IN
37350	138	12	,	,	,
37350	138	13	and	and	CC
37350	138	14	at	at	IN
37350	138	15	first	first	RB
37350	138	16	are	be	VBP
37350	138	17	entirely	entirely	RB
37350	138	18	distinct	distinct	JJ
37350	138	19	from	from	IN
37350	138	20	,	,	,
37350	138	21	the	the	DT
37350	138	22	perichordal	perichordal	NN
37350	138	23	sheath	sheath	NN
37350	138	24	.	.	.
37350	139	1	Ribs	Ribs	NNP
37350	139	2	,	,	,
37350	139	3	present	present	JJ
37350	139	4	as	as	IN
37350	139	5	separate	separate	JJ
37350	139	6	cartilages	cartilage	NNS
37350	139	7	associated	associate	VBN
37350	139	8	with	with	IN
37350	139	9	the	the	DT
37350	139	10	2nd	2nd	JJ
37350	139	11	,	,	,
37350	139	12	3rd	3rd	JJ
37350	139	13	and	and	CC
37350	139	14	4th	4th	JJ
37350	139	15	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	139	16	in	in	IN
37350	139	17	the	the	DT
37350	139	18	larvae	larvae	NN
37350	139	19	of	of	IN
37350	139	20	_	_	NNP
37350	139	21	Xenopus	Xenopus	NNP
37350	139	22	_	_	NNP
37350	139	23	and	and	CC
37350	139	24	_	_	NNP
37350	139	25	Bombinator	Bombinator	NNP
37350	139	26	_	_	NNP
37350	139	27	,	,	,
37350	139	28	fuse	fuse	NN
37350	139	29	with	with	IN
37350	139	30	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	139	31	processes	process	NNS
37350	139	32	(	(	-LRB-
37350	139	33	diapophyses	diapophysis	NNS
37350	139	34	)	)	-RRB-
37350	139	35	of	of	IN
37350	139	36	the	the	DT
37350	139	37	neural	neural	JJ
37350	139	38	arches	arch	NNS
37350	139	39	at	at	IN
37350	139	40	metamorphosis	metamorphosis	NN
37350	139	41	,	,	,
37350	139	42	but	but	CC
37350	139	43	in	in	IN
37350	139	44	_	_	NNP
37350	139	45	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	139	46	_	_	NNP
37350	139	47	and	and	CC
37350	139	48	_	_	NNP
37350	139	49	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	139	50	_	_	NNP
37350	139	51	the	the	DT
37350	139	52	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	139	53	remain	remain	VBP
37350	139	54	freely	freely	RB
37350	139	55	articulated	articulate	VBN
37350	139	56	in	in	IN
37350	139	57	the	the	DT
37350	139	58	adult	adult	NN
37350	139	59	.	.	.
37350	140	1	Basiventral	basiventral	JJ
37350	140	2	arcualia	arcualia	NNS
37350	140	3	have	have	VBP
37350	140	4	been	be	VBN
37350	140	5	supposed	suppose	VBN
37350	140	6	to	to	TO
37350	140	7	be	be	VB
37350	140	8	represented	represent	VBN
37350	140	9	by	by	IN
37350	140	10	the	the	DT
37350	140	11	hypochord	hypochord	NN
37350	140	12	,	,	,
37350	140	13	a	a	DT
37350	140	14	median	median	JJ
37350	140	15	rod	rod	NN
37350	140	16	of	of	IN
37350	140	17	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	140	18	beneath	beneath	IN
37350	140	19	the	the	DT
37350	140	20	shrinking	shrink	VBG
37350	140	21	notochord	notochord	NN
37350	140	22	in	in	IN
37350	140	23	the	the	DT
37350	140	24	postsacral	postsacral	JJ
37350	140	25	region	region	NN
37350	140	26	,	,	,
37350	140	27	which	which	WDT
37350	140	28	at	at	IN
37350	140	29	metamorphosis	metamorphosis	NN
37350	140	30	ossifies	ossify	VBZ
37350	140	31	to	to	TO
37350	140	32	produce	produce	VB
37350	140	33	the	the	DT
37350	140	34	bulk	bulk	NN
37350	140	35	of	of	IN
37350	140	36	the	the	DT
37350	140	37	urostyle	urostyle	NNS
37350	140	38	.	.	.
37350	141	1	Fig	fig	NN
37350	141	2	.	.	.
37350	142	1	5	5	CD
37350	142	2	,	,	,
37350	142	3	lower	lower	RBR
37350	142	4	right	right	JJ
37350	142	5	,	,	,
37350	142	6	a	a	DT
37350	142	7	transverse	transverse	JJ
37350	142	8	section	section	NN
37350	142	9	taken	take	VBN
37350	142	10	immediately	immediately	RB
37350	142	11	posterior	posterior	RB
37350	142	12	to	to	IN
37350	142	13	the	the	DT
37350	142	14	sacral	sacral	JJ
37350	142	15	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	142	16	in	in	IN
37350	142	17	a	a	DT
37350	142	18	transforming	transform	VBG
37350	142	19	specimen	speciman	NNS
37350	142	20	of	of	IN
37350	142	21	_	_	NNP
37350	142	22	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	142	23	_	_	NNP
37350	142	24	,	,	,
37350	142	25	shows	show	VBZ
37350	142	26	that	that	IN
37350	142	27	the	the	DT
37350	142	28	"	"	``
37350	142	29	hypochord	hypochord	NN
37350	142	30	"	"	''
37350	142	31	is	be	VBZ
37350	142	32	a	a	DT
37350	142	33	mass	mass	NN
37350	142	34	of	of	IN
37350	142	35	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	142	36	formed	form	VBN
37350	142	37	in	in	IN
37350	142	38	the	the	DT
37350	142	39	perichordal	perichordal	NN
37350	142	40	sheath	sheath	NN
37350	142	41	itself	-PRON-	PRP
37350	142	42	,	,	,
37350	142	43	and	and	CC
37350	142	44	very	very	RB
37350	142	45	obviously	obviously	RB
37350	142	46	is	be	VBZ
37350	142	47	derived	derive	VBN
37350	142	48	from	from	IN
37350	142	49	the	the	DT
37350	142	50	ventral	ventral	JJ
37350	142	51	part	part	NN
37350	142	52	of	of	IN
37350	142	53	postsacral	postsacral	JJ
37350	142	54	perichordal	perichordal	NN
37350	142	55	centra	centra	NNP
37350	142	56	;	;	:
37350	142	57	there	there	EX
37350	142	58	are	be	VBP
37350	142	59	,	,	,
37350	142	60	then	then	RB
37350	142	61	,	,	,
37350	142	62	no	no	DT
37350	142	63	basiventral	basiventral	JJ
37350	142	64	arcualia	arcualia	NNP
37350	142	65	,	,	,
37350	142	66	and	and	CC
37350	142	67	the	the	DT
37350	142	68	discrete	discrete	JJ
37350	142	69	hypochord	hypochord	NN
37350	142	70	shown	show	VBN
37350	142	71	in	in	IN
37350	142	72	MacBride	MacBride	NNP
37350	142	73	's	's	POS
37350	142	74	diagram	diagram	NN
37350	142	75	(	(	-LRB-
37350	142	76	Fig	fig	NN
37350	142	77	.	.	.
37350	143	1	5	5	CD
37350	143	2	,	,	,
37350	143	3	upper	upper	JJ
37350	143	4	right	right	NN
37350	143	5	)	)	-RRB-
37350	143	6	of	of	IN
37350	143	7	a	a	DT
37350	143	8	frog	frog	JJ
37350	143	9	vertebra	vertebra	NN
37350	143	10	does	do	VBZ
37350	143	11	not	not	RB
37350	143	12	actually	actually	RB
37350	143	13	occur	occur	VB
37350	143	14	below	below	IN
37350	143	15	the	the	DT
37350	143	16	centrum	centrum	NN
37350	143	17	,	,	,
37350	143	18	but	but	CC
37350	143	19	only	only	RB
37350	143	20	below	below	IN
37350	143	21	the	the	DT
37350	143	22	notochord	notochord	NN
37350	143	23	in	in	IN
37350	143	24	the	the	DT
37350	143	25	postsacral	postsacral	JJ
37350	143	26	region	region	NN
37350	143	27	.	.	.
37350	144	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	144	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	144	3	:	:	:
37350	144	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	144	5	.	.	.
37350	145	1	6	6	CD
37350	145	2	.	.	.
37350	146	1	Development	development	NN
37350	146	2	of	of	IN
37350	146	3	Urodele	Urodele	NNP
37350	146	4	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	146	5	.	.	.
37350	147	1	Upper	upper	JJ
37350	147	2	figures	figure	NNS
37350	147	3	,	,	,
37350	147	4	_	_	NNP
37350	147	5	Triton	Triton	NNP
37350	147	6	_	_	NNP
37350	147	7	:	:	:
37350	147	8	at	at	IN
37350	147	9	left	left	NN
37350	147	10	,	,	,
37350	147	11	larva	larva	NNP
37350	147	12	at	at	IN
37350	147	13	20	20	CD
37350	147	14	mm	mm	NNS
37350	147	15	.	.	NNP
37350	147	16	,	,	,
37350	147	17	at	at	IN
37350	147	18	right	right	NN
37350	147	19	,	,	,
37350	147	20	diagram	diagram	NN
37350	147	21	of	of	IN
37350	147	22	components	component	NNS
37350	147	23	of	of	IN
37350	147	24	vertebra	vertebra	NNP
37350	147	25	(	(	-LRB-
37350	147	26	from	from	IN
37350	147	27	MacBride	MacBride	NNP
37350	147	28	,	,	,
37350	147	29	1932	1932	CD
37350	147	30	,	,	,
37350	147	31	figs	fig	NNS
37350	147	32	.	.	.
37350	148	1	17	17	CD
37350	148	2	,	,	,
37350	148	3	47C	47c	CD
37350	148	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	148	5	.	.	.
37350	149	1	Middle	middle	JJ
37350	149	2	figures	figure	NNS
37350	149	3	,	,	,
37350	149	4	_	_	NNP
37350	149	5	Molge	Molge	NNP
37350	149	6	vulgaris	vulgaris	NNP
37350	149	7	_	_	NNP
37350	149	8	larva	larva	NN
37350	149	9	:	:	:
37350	149	10	left	leave	VBN
37350	149	11	,	,	,
37350	149	12	at	at	IN
37350	149	13	18	18	CD
37350	149	14	mm	mm	NNS
37350	149	15	.	.	.
37350	150	1	;	;	:
37350	150	2	middle	middle	JJ
37350	150	3	,	,	,
37350	150	4	at	at	IN
37350	150	5	20	20	CD
37350	150	6	-	-	SYM
37350	150	7	22	22	CD
37350	150	8	mm	mm	NN
37350	150	9	.	.	.
37350	151	1	;	;	:
37350	151	2	right	right	UH
37350	151	3	,	,	,
37350	151	4	at	at	IN
37350	151	5	25	25	CD
37350	151	6	mm	mm	NNS
37350	151	7	.	.	.
37350	152	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	152	2	from	from	IN
37350	152	3	Emelianov	Emelianov	NNP
37350	152	4	,	,	,
37350	152	5	1936	1936	CD
37350	152	6	,	,	,
37350	152	7	figs	fig	NNS
37350	152	8	.	.	.
37350	153	1	33	33	CD
37350	153	2	,	,	,
37350	153	3	36	36	CD
37350	153	4	,	,	,
37350	153	5	38	38	CD
37350	153	6	respectively	respectively	RB
37350	153	7	)	)	-RRB-
37350	153	8	.	.	.
37350	154	1	Lower	low	JJR
37350	154	2	figures	figure	NNS
37350	154	3	,	,	,
37350	154	4	_	_	NNP
37350	154	5	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	154	6	maculosus	maculosus	NN
37350	154	7	_	_	NNP
37350	154	8	larva	larva	NN
37350	154	9	:	:	:
37350	154	10	left	leave	VBN
37350	154	11	,	,	,
37350	154	12	at	at	IN
37350	154	13	21	21	CD
37350	154	14	mm	mm	NNS
37350	154	15	.	.	.
37350	155	1	;	;	:
37350	155	2	right	right	UH
37350	155	3	,	,	,
37350	155	4	at	at	IN
37350	155	5	20	20	CD
37350	155	6	mm	mm	NNS
37350	155	7	.	.	.
37350	156	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	156	2	from	from	IN
37350	156	3	MacBride	MacBride	NNP
37350	156	4	,	,	,
37350	156	5	1932	1932	CD
37350	156	6	,	,	,
37350	156	7	figs	fig	NNS
37350	156	8	.	.	.
37350	157	1	41.5	41.5	CD
37350	157	2	,	,	,
37350	157	3	41.3	41.3	CD
37350	157	4	respectively	respectively	RB
37350	157	5	,	,	,
37350	157	6	after	after	IN
37350	157	7	Gamble	Gamble	NNP
37350	157	8	,	,	,
37350	157	9	1922	1922	CD
37350	157	10	)	)	-RRB-
37350	157	11	.	.	.
37350	158	1	All	all	DT
37350	158	2	×	×	NNS
37350	158	3	20	20	CD
37350	158	4	approx	approx	NN
37350	158	5	.	.	.
37350	159	1	For	for	IN
37350	159	2	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	159	3	of	of	IN
37350	159	4	abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	159	5	see	see	VBP
37350	159	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	159	7	.	.	.
37350	160	1	3	3	LS
37350	160	2	.	.	.
37350	160	3	]	]	-RRB-
37350	161	1	In	in	IN
37350	161	2	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	161	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	161	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	161	5	.	.	.
37350	162	1	6	6	LS
37350	162	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	162	3	the	the	DT
37350	162	4	pattern	pattern	NN
37350	162	5	of	of	IN
37350	162	6	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	162	7	and	and	CC
37350	162	8	rib	rib	NN
37350	162	9	development	development	NN
37350	162	10	is	be	VBZ
37350	162	11	more	more	RBR
37350	162	12	complex	complex	JJ
37350	162	13	,	,	,
37350	162	14	and	and	CC
37350	162	15	there	there	EX
37350	162	16	has	have	VBZ
37350	162	17	been	be	VBN
37350	162	18	much	much	JJ
37350	162	19	controversy	controversy	NN
37350	162	20	over	over	IN
37350	162	21	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	162	22	interpretation	interpretation	NN
37350	162	23	.	.	.
37350	163	1	Neural	neural	JJ
37350	163	2	arches	arch	NNS
37350	163	3	and	and	CC
37350	163	4	perichordal	perichordal	NN
37350	163	5	centra	centra	NNP
37350	163	6	form	form	NN
37350	163	7	in	in	IN
37350	163	8	the	the	DT
37350	163	9	same	same	JJ
37350	163	10	manner	manner	NN
37350	163	11	as	as	IN
37350	163	12	in	in	IN
37350	163	13	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	163	14	,	,	,
37350	163	15	but	but	CC
37350	163	16	with	with	IN
37350	163	17	the	the	DT
37350	163	18	addition	addition	NN
37350	163	19	in	in	IN
37350	163	20	certain	certain	JJ
37350	163	21	cases	case	NNS
37350	163	22	(	(	-LRB-
37350	163	23	_	_	NNP
37350	163	24	Triton	Triton	NNP
37350	163	25	_	_	NNP
37350	163	26	)	)	-RRB-
37350	163	27	of	of	IN
37350	163	28	a	a	DT
37350	163	29	median	median	JJ
37350	163	30	supradorsal	supradorsal	NN
37350	163	31	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	163	32	,	,	,
37350	163	33	which	which	WDT
37350	163	34	gives	give	VBZ
37350	163	35	rise	rise	NN
37350	163	36	to	to	IN
37350	163	37	the	the	DT
37350	163	38	zygapophyses	zygapophyse	NNS
37350	163	39	of	of	IN
37350	163	40	each	each	DT
37350	163	41	neural	neural	JJ
37350	163	42	arch	arch	NN
37350	163	43	.	.	.
37350	164	1	Difficulty	difficulty	NN
37350	164	2	comes	come	VBZ
37350	164	3	,	,	,
37350	164	4	however	however	RB
37350	164	5	,	,	,
37350	164	6	in	in	IN
37350	164	7	understanding	understand	VBG
37350	164	8	the	the	DT
37350	164	9	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	164	10	of	of	IN
37350	164	11	the	the	DT
37350	164	12	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	164	13	to	to	IN
37350	164	14	the	the	DT
37350	164	15	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	164	16	.	.	.
37350	165	1	Each	each	DT
37350	165	2	rib	rib	NN
37350	165	3	,	,	,
37350	165	4	usually	usually	RB
37350	165	5	two	two	CD
37350	165	6	-	-	HYPH
37350	165	7	headed	head	VBN
37350	165	8	,	,	,
37350	165	9	articulates	articulate	VBZ
37350	165	10	with	with	IN
37350	165	11	a	a	DT
37350	165	12	"	"	``
37350	165	13	transverse	transverse	JJ
37350	165	14	process	process	NN
37350	165	15	"	"	''
37350	165	16	that	that	IN
37350	165	17	in	in	IN
37350	165	18	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	165	19	early	early	JJ
37350	165	20	development	development	NN
37350	165	21	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	165	22	to	to	TO
37350	165	23	be	be	VB
37350	165	24	separate	separate	JJ
37350	165	25	from	from	IN
37350	165	26	both	both	CC
37350	165	27	the	the	DT
37350	165	28	vertebra	vertebra	NNS
37350	165	29	and	and	CC
37350	165	30	the	the	DT
37350	165	31	rib	rib	NN
37350	165	32	,	,	,
37350	165	33	and	and	CC
37350	165	34	is	be	VBZ
37350	165	35	therefore	therefore	RB
37350	165	36	known	know	VBN
37350	165	37	,	,	,
37350	165	38	noncommittally	noncommittally	RB
37350	165	39	,	,	,
37350	165	40	as	as	IN
37350	165	41	"	"	``
37350	165	42	rib	rib	NN
37350	165	43	-	-	HYPH
37350	165	44	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	165	45	.	.	.
37350	165	46	"	"	''
37350	166	1	This	this	DT
37350	166	2	lies	lie	VBZ
37350	166	3	laterally	laterally	RB
37350	166	4	from	from	IN
37350	166	5	the	the	DT
37350	166	6	centrum	centrum	NN
37350	166	7	,	,	,
37350	166	8	neural	neural	JJ
37350	166	9	arch	arch	NNP
37350	166	10	,	,	,
37350	166	11	and	and	CC
37350	166	12	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	166	13	artery	artery	NN
37350	166	14	;	;	:
37350	166	15	upon	upon	IN
37350	166	16	fusing	fuse	VBG
37350	166	17	with	with	IN
37350	166	18	the	the	DT
37350	166	19	vertebra	vertebra	NN
37350	166	20	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	166	21	therefore	therefore	RB
37350	166	22	encloses	enclose	VBZ
37350	166	23	the	the	DT
37350	166	24	artery	artery	NN
37350	166	25	in	in	IN
37350	166	26	a	a	DT
37350	166	27	foramen	foraman	NNS
37350	166	28	separate	separate	JJ
37350	166	29	from	from	IN
37350	166	30	the	the	DT
37350	166	31	one	one	CD
37350	166	32	between	between	IN
37350	166	33	the	the	DT
37350	166	34	capitulum	capitulum	NN
37350	166	35	and	and	CC
37350	166	36	tuberculum	tuberculum	NN
37350	166	37	of	of	IN
37350	166	38	the	the	DT
37350	166	39	rib	rib	NN
37350	166	40	(	(	-LRB-
37350	166	41	the	the	DT
37350	166	42	usual	usual	JJ
37350	166	43	location	location	NN
37350	166	44	of	of	IN
37350	166	45	the	the	DT
37350	166	46	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	166	47	artery	artery	NN
37350	166	48	)	)	-RRB-
37350	166	49	.	.	.
37350	167	1	At	at	RB
37350	167	2	least	least	JJS
37350	167	3	four	four	CD
37350	167	4	different	different	JJ
37350	167	5	interpretations	interpretation	NNS
37350	167	6	of	of	IN
37350	167	7	these	these	DT
37350	167	8	structures	structure	NNS
37350	167	9	have	have	VBP
37350	167	10	been	be	VBN
37350	167	11	suggested	suggest	VBN
37350	167	12	:	:	:
37350	167	13	(	(	-LRB-
37350	167	14	1	1	LS
37350	167	15	)	)	-RRB-
37350	167	16	Naef	Naef	NNP
37350	167	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	167	18	1929	1929	CD
37350	167	19	)	)	-RRB-
37350	167	20	considered	consider	VBD
37350	167	21	the	the	DT
37350	167	22	rib	rib	NN
37350	167	23	-	-	HYPH
37350	167	24	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	167	25	a	a	DT
37350	167	26	derivative	derivative	NN
37350	167	27	of	of	IN
37350	167	28	the	the	DT
37350	167	29	basiventral	basiventral	NN
37350	167	30	,	,	,
37350	167	31	which	which	WDT
37350	167	32	,	,	,
37350	167	33	by	by	IN
37350	167	34	spreading	spread	VBG
37350	167	35	laterally	laterally	RB
37350	167	36	and	and	CC
37350	167	37	dorsally	dorsally	RB
37350	167	38	to	to	TO
37350	167	39	meet	meet	VB
37350	167	40	the	the	DT
37350	167	41	neural	neural	JJ
37350	167	42	arch	arch	NNP
37350	167	43	,	,	,
37350	167	44	enclosed	enclose	VBD
37350	167	45	the	the	DT
37350	167	46	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	167	47	artery	artery	NN
37350	167	48	.	.	.
37350	168	1	He	-PRON-	PRP
37350	168	2	then	then	RB
37350	168	3	supposed	suppose	VBD
37350	168	4	that	that	IN
37350	168	5	by	by	IN
37350	168	6	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	168	7	of	of	IN
37350	168	8	the	the	DT
37350	168	9	rib	rib	NN
37350	168	10	-	-	HYPH
37350	168	11	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	168	12	in	in	IN
37350	168	13	other	other	JJ
37350	168	14	tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	168	15	(	(	-LRB-
37350	168	16	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	168	17	and	and	CC
37350	168	18	amniotes	amniote	NNS
37350	168	19	)	)	-RRB-
37350	168	20	the	the	DT
37350	168	21	vertebrarterial	vertebrarterial	JJ
37350	168	22	foramen	foraman	NNS
37350	168	23	and	and	CC
37350	168	24	costal	costal	JJ
37350	168	25	foramen	foraman	NNS
37350	168	26	were	be	VBD
37350	168	27	brought	bring	VBN
37350	168	28	together	together	RB
37350	168	29	in	in	IN
37350	168	30	a	a	DT
37350	168	31	single	single	JJ
37350	168	32	foramen	foraman	NNS
37350	168	33	transversarium	transversarium	NN
37350	168	34	.	.	.
37350	169	1	The	the	DT
37350	169	2	implication	implication	NN
37350	169	3	is	be	VBZ
37350	169	4	that	that	IN
37350	169	5	the	the	DT
37350	169	6	Urodele	Urodele	NNP
37350	169	7	condition	condition	NN
37350	169	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	169	9	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	169	10	,	,	,
37350	169	11	but	but	CC
37350	169	12	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	169	13	can	can	MD
37350	169	14	not	not	RB
37350	169	15	now	now	RB
37350	169	16	be	be	VB
37350	169	17	supposed	suppose	VBN
37350	169	18	that	that	IN
37350	169	19	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	169	20	are	be	VBP
37350	169	21	ancestral	ancestral	JJ
37350	169	22	to	to	IN
37350	169	23	any	any	DT
37350	169	24	other	other	JJ
37350	169	25	group	group	NN
37350	169	26	,	,	,
37350	169	27	and	and	CC
37350	169	28	the	the	DT
37350	169	29	rib	rib	NN
37350	169	30	-	-	HYPH
37350	169	31	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	169	32	is	be	VBZ
37350	169	33	most	most	RBS
37350	169	34	probably	probably	RB
37350	169	35	a	a	DT
37350	169	36	specialization	specialization	NN
37350	169	37	limited	limit	VBN
37350	169	38	to	to	IN
37350	169	39	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	169	40	.	.	.
37350	170	1	This	this	DT
37350	170	2	does	do	VBZ
37350	170	3	not	not	RB
37350	170	4	,	,	,
37350	170	5	of	of	IN
37350	170	6	course	course	NN
37350	170	7	,	,	,
37350	170	8	invalidate	invalidate	VB
37350	170	9	the	the	DT
37350	170	10	first	first	JJ
37350	170	11	part	part	NN
37350	170	12	of	of	IN
37350	170	13	his	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	170	14	interpretation	interpretation	NN
37350	170	15	.	.	.
37350	171	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	171	2	2	2	LS
37350	171	3	)	)	-RRB-
37350	171	4	Remane	Remane	NNP
37350	171	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	171	6	1938	1938	CD
37350	171	7	)	)	-RRB-
37350	171	8	,	,	,
37350	171	9	noting	note	VBG
37350	171	10	that	that	IN
37350	171	11	rib	rib	NN
37350	171	12	insertions	insertion	NNS
37350	171	13	of	of	IN
37350	171	14	early	early	JJ
37350	171	15	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	171	16	are	be	VBP
37350	171	17	essentially	essentially	RB
37350	171	18	as	as	IN
37350	171	19	in	in	IN
37350	171	20	Amniota	Amniota	NNP
37350	171	21	,	,	,
37350	171	22	argued	argue	VBD
37350	171	23	that	that	IN
37350	171	24	the	the	DT
37350	171	25	rib	rib	NN
37350	171	26	-	-	HYPH
37350	171	27	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	171	28	is	be	VBZ
37350	171	29	not	not	RB
37350	171	30	from	from	IN
37350	171	31	the	the	DT
37350	171	32	basiventral	basiventral	NN
37350	171	33	but	but	CC
37350	171	34	is	be	VBZ
37350	171	35	a	a	DT
37350	171	36	neomorph	neomorph	NN
37350	171	37	which	which	WDT
37350	171	38	originates	originate	VBZ
37350	171	39	directly	directly	RB
37350	171	40	from	from	IN
37350	171	41	the	the	DT
37350	171	42	neural	neural	JJ
37350	171	43	arch	arch	NN
37350	171	44	and	and	CC
37350	171	45	grows	grow	VBZ
37350	171	46	ventrally	ventrally	RB
37350	171	47	.	.	.
37350	172	1	This	this	DT
37350	172	2	he	-PRON-	PRP
37350	172	3	inferred	infer	VBD
37350	172	4	mainly	mainly	RB
37350	172	5	from	from	IN
37350	172	6	Gamble	Gamble	NNP
37350	172	7	's	's	POS
37350	172	8	(	(	-LRB-
37350	172	9	1922	1922	CD
37350	172	10	)	)	-RRB-
37350	172	11	observation	observation	NN
37350	172	12	on	on	IN
37350	172	13	_	_	NNP
37350	172	14	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	172	15	_	_	NNP
37350	172	16	,	,	,
37350	172	17	but	but	CC
37350	172	18	his	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	172	19	assumption	assumption	NN
37350	172	20	that	that	IN
37350	172	21	_	_	NNP
37350	172	22	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	172	23	_	_	NNP
37350	172	24	is	be	VBZ
37350	172	25	more	more	RBR
37350	172	26	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	172	27	than	than	IN
37350	172	28	other	other	JJ
37350	172	29	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	172	30	(	(	-LRB-
37350	172	31	such	such	JJ
37350	172	32	as	as	IN
37350	172	33	the	the	DT
37350	172	34	Salamandridae	Salamandridae	NNP
37350	172	35	)	)	-RRB-
37350	172	36	,	,	,
37350	172	37	where	where	WRB
37350	172	38	the	the	DT
37350	172	39	pattern	pattern	NN
37350	172	40	differs	differ	VBZ
37350	172	41	from	from	IN
37350	172	42	this	this	DT
37350	172	43	,	,	,
37350	172	44	is	be	VBZ
37350	172	45	not	not	RB
37350	172	46	necessarily	necessarily	RB
37350	172	47	correct	correct	JJ
37350	172	48	.	.	.
37350	173	1	Rather	rather	RB
37350	173	2	,	,	,
37350	173	3	the	the	DT
37350	173	4	perennibranchs	perennibranch	NNS
37350	173	5	are	be	VBP
37350	173	6	distinguished	distinguish	VBN
37350	173	7	mainly	mainly	RB
37350	173	8	by	by	IN
37350	173	9	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	173	10	neotenous	neotenous	JJ
37350	173	11	features	feature	NNS
37350	173	12	,	,	,
37350	173	13	and	and	CC
37350	173	14	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	173	15	development	development	NN
37350	173	16	is	be	VBZ
37350	173	17	likely	likely	JJ
37350	173	18	to	to	TO
37350	173	19	show	show	VB
37350	173	20	simplifications	simplification	NNS
37350	173	21	which	which	WDT
37350	173	22	are	be	VBP
37350	173	23	not	not	RB
37350	173	24	necessarily	necessarily	RB
37350	173	25	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	173	26	.	.	.
37350	174	1	The	the	DT
37350	174	2	suggestion	suggestion	NN
37350	174	3	of	of	IN
37350	174	4	a	a	DT
37350	174	5	"	"	``
37350	174	6	neomorph	neomorph	NN
37350	174	7	"	"	''
37350	174	8	ought	ought	MD
37350	174	9	not	not	RB
37350	174	10	to	to	TO
37350	174	11	be	be	VB
37350	174	12	made	make	VBN
37350	174	13	except	except	IN
37350	174	14	as	as	IN
37350	174	15	a	a	DT
37350	174	16	last	last	JJ
37350	174	17	resort	resort	NN
37350	174	18	,	,	,
37350	174	19	for	for	IN
37350	174	20	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	174	21	is	be	VBZ
37350	174	22	simply	simply	RB
37350	174	23	an	an	DT
37350	174	24	acknowledgment	acknowledgment	NN
37350	174	25	that	that	IN
37350	174	26	the	the	DT
37350	174	27	author	author	NN
37350	174	28	does	do	VBZ
37350	174	29	not	not	RB
37350	174	30	recognize	recognize	VB
37350	174	31	homology	homology	NN
37350	174	32	with	with	IN
37350	174	33	any	any	DT
37350	174	34	structure	structure	NN
37350	174	35	already	already	RB
37350	174	36	known	know	VBN
37350	174	37	;	;	:
37350	174	38	sometimes	sometimes	RB
37350	174	39	further	further	JJ
37350	174	40	information	information	NN
37350	174	41	will	will	MD
37350	174	42	make	make	VB
37350	174	43	such	such	JJ
37350	174	44	recognition	recognition	NN
37350	174	45	possible	possible	JJ
37350	174	46	.	.	.
37350	175	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	175	2	3	3	LS
37350	175	3	)	)	-RRB-
37350	175	4	Gray	Gray	NNP
37350	175	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	175	6	1930	1930	CD
37350	175	7	)	)	-RRB-
37350	175	8	,	,	,
37350	175	9	using	use	VBG
37350	175	10	_	_	NNP
37350	175	11	Molge	Molge	NNP
37350	175	12	taeniatus	taeniatus	NNP
37350	175	13	_	_	NNP
37350	175	14	,	,	,
37350	175	15	concluded	conclude	VBD
37350	175	16	that	that	IN
37350	175	17	the	the	DT
37350	175	18	normal	normal	JJ
37350	175	19	capitulum	capitulum	NN
37350	175	20	of	of	IN
37350	175	21	the	the	DT
37350	175	22	rib	rib	NN
37350	175	23	was	be	VBD
37350	175	24	lost	lose	VBN
37350	175	25	,	,	,
37350	175	26	but	but	CC
37350	175	27	that	that	IN
37350	175	28	the	the	DT
37350	175	29	tuberculum	tuberculum	NN
37350	175	30	bifurcated	bifurcate	VBD
37350	175	31	to	to	TO
37350	175	32	make	make	VB
37350	175	33	the	the	DT
37350	175	34	two	two	CD
37350	175	35	heads	head	NNS
37350	175	36	seen	see	VBN
37350	175	37	in	in	IN
37350	175	38	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	175	39	,	,	,
37350	175	40	thus	thus	RB
37350	175	41	accounting	account	VBG
37350	175	42	for	for	IN
37350	175	43	the	the	DT
37350	175	44	failure	failure	NN
37350	175	45	of	of	IN
37350	175	46	the	the	DT
37350	175	47	costal	costal	JJ
37350	175	48	foramen	foraman	NNS
37350	175	49	to	to	TO
37350	175	50	coincide	coincide	VB
37350	175	51	with	with	IN
37350	175	52	that	that	DT
37350	175	53	of	of	IN
37350	175	54	the	the	DT
37350	175	55	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	175	56	artery	artery	NN
37350	175	57	.	.	.
37350	176	1	This	this	DT
37350	176	2	answer	answer	NN
37350	176	3	,	,	,
37350	176	4	too	too	RB
37350	176	5	,	,	,
37350	176	6	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	176	7	to	to	TO
37350	176	8	entail	entail	VB
37350	176	9	an	an	DT
37350	176	10	unprovable	unprovable	JJ
37350	176	11	assumption	assumption	NN
37350	176	12	which	which	WDT
37350	176	13	should	should	MD
37350	176	14	not	not	RB
37350	176	15	be	be	VB
37350	176	16	made	make	VBN
37350	176	17	without	without	IN
37350	176	18	explicit	explicit	JJ
37350	176	19	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	176	20	.	.	.
37350	177	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	177	2	4	4	LS
37350	177	3	)	)	-RRB-
37350	177	4	Finally	finally	RB
37350	177	5	,	,	,
37350	177	6	Emelianov	Emelianov	NNP
37350	177	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	177	8	1936	1936	CD
37350	177	9	)	)	-RRB-
37350	177	10	regarded	regard	VBD
37350	177	11	the	the	DT
37350	177	12	rib	rib	NN
37350	177	13	-	-	HYPH
37350	177	14	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	177	15	as	as	IN
37350	177	16	a	a	DT
37350	177	17	rudimentary	rudimentary	JJ
37350	177	18	_	_	NNP
37350	177	19	ventral	ventral	JJ
37350	177	20	_	_	NNP
37350	177	21	rib	rib	NN
37350	177	22	,	,	,
37350	177	23	on	on	IN
37350	177	24	account	account	NN
37350	177	25	of	of	IN
37350	177	26	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	177	27	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	177	28	to	to	IN
37350	177	29	the	the	DT
37350	177	30	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	177	31	artery	artery	NN
37350	177	32	,	,	,
37350	177	33	and	and	CC
37350	177	34	considered	consider	VBD
37350	177	35	the	the	DT
37350	177	36	actual	actual	JJ
37350	177	37	rib	rib	NN
37350	177	38	to	to	TO
37350	177	39	be	be	VB
37350	177	40	a	a	DT
37350	177	41	neomorph	neomorph	NN
37350	177	42	in	in	IN
37350	177	43	the	the	DT
37350	177	44	_	_	NNP
37350	177	45	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	177	46	_	_	NNP
37350	177	47	position	position	NN
37350	177	48	characteristic	characteristic	JJ
37350	177	49	of	of	IN
37350	177	50	tetrapod	tetrapod	NNP
37350	177	51	ribs	ribs	NNP
37350	177	52	in	in	IN
37350	177	53	general	general	JJ
37350	177	54	.	.	.
37350	178	1	This	this	DT
37350	178	2	argument	argument	NN
37350	178	3	would	would	MD
37350	178	4	fit	fit	VB
37350	178	5	the	the	DT
37350	178	6	ontogenetic	ontogenetic	JJ
37350	178	7	picture	picture	NN
37350	178	8	satisfactorily	satisfactorily	RB
37350	178	9	,	,	,
37350	178	10	provided	provide	VBN
37350	178	11	that	that	IN
37350	178	12	(	(	-LRB-
37350	178	13	_	_	NNP
37350	178	14	a	a	DT
37350	178	15	_	_	NN
37350	178	16	)	)	-RRB-
37350	178	17	there	there	EX
37350	178	18	were	be	VBD
37350	178	19	some	some	DT
37350	178	20	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	178	21	of	of	IN
37350	178	22	ventral	ventral	NN
37350	178	23	,	,	,
37350	178	24	rather	rather	RB
37350	178	25	than	than	IN
37350	178	26	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	178	27	,	,	,
37350	178	28	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	178	29	in	in	IN
37350	178	30	early	early	JJ
37350	178	31	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	178	32	,	,	,
37350	178	33	and	and	CC
37350	178	34	(	(	-LRB-
37350	178	35	_	_	NNP
37350	178	36	b	b	NNP
37350	178	37	_	_	NNP
37350	178	38	)	)	-RRB-
37350	178	39	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	178	40	accept	accept	VBP
37350	178	41	the	the	DT
37350	178	42	invention	invention	NN
37350	178	43	of	of	IN
37350	178	44	another	another	DT
37350	178	45	neomorph	neomorph	NN
37350	178	46	in	in	IN
37350	178	47	modern	modern	JJ
37350	178	48	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	178	49	as	as	IN
37350	178	50	an	an	DT
37350	178	51	unavoidable	unavoidable	JJ
37350	178	52	necessity	necessity	NN
37350	178	53	.	.	.
37350	179	1	Emelianov	Emelianov	NNP
37350	179	2	's	's	POS
37350	179	3	conclusion	conclusion	NN
37350	179	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	179	5	p.	p.	NN
37350	179	6	258	258	CD
37350	179	7	)	)	-RRB-
37350	179	8	should	should	MD
37350	179	9	be	be	VB
37350	179	10	quoted	quote	VBN
37350	179	11	here	here	RB
37350	179	12	(	(	-LRB-
37350	179	13	translation	translation	NN
37350	179	14	)	)	-RRB-
37350	179	15	:	:	:
37350	179	16	"	"	``
37350	179	17	The	the	DT
37350	179	18	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	179	19	of	of	IN
37350	179	20	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	179	21	are	be	VBP
37350	179	22	shown	show	VBN
37350	179	23	to	to	TO
37350	179	24	be	be	VB
37350	179	25	upper	upper	JJ
37350	179	26	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	179	27	,	,	,
37350	179	28	yet	yet	CC
37350	179	29	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	179	30	find	find	VBP
37350	179	31	besides	besides	IN
37350	179	32	these	these	DT
37350	179	33	in	in	IN
37350	179	34	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	179	35	rudimentary	rudimentary	JJ
37350	179	36	lower	low	JJR
37350	179	37	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	179	38	fused	fuse	VBN
37350	179	39	with	with	IN
37350	179	40	the	the	DT
37350	179	41	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	179	42	column	column	NN
37350	179	43	.	.	.
37350	180	1	The	the	DT
37350	180	2	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	180	3	of	of	IN
37350	180	4	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	180	5	are	be	VBP
37350	180	6	lower	low	JJR
37350	180	7	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	180	8	.	.	.
37350	181	1	In	in	IN
37350	181	2	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	181	3	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	181	4	fail	fail	VBP
37350	181	5	to	to	TO
37350	181	6	develop	develop	VB
37350	181	7	fully	fully	RB
37350	181	8	,	,	,
37350	181	9	but	but	CC
37350	181	10	as	as	IN
37350	181	11	rare	rare	JJ
37350	181	12	exceptions	exception	NNS
37350	181	13	rudiments	rudiment	NNS
37350	181	14	of	of	IN
37350	181	15	upper	upper	JJ
37350	181	16	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	181	17	appear	appear	VBP
37350	181	18	.	.	.
37350	181	19	"	"	''
37350	182	1	Of	of	IN
37350	182	2	these	these	DT
37350	182	3	various	various	JJ
37350	182	4	interpretations	interpretation	NNS
37350	182	5	,	,	,
37350	182	6	that	that	DT
37350	182	7	of	of	IN
37350	182	8	Naef	Naef	NNP
37350	182	9	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	182	10	to	to	TO
37350	182	11	involve	involve	VB
37350	182	12	the	the	DT
37350	182	13	minimum	minimum	NN
37350	182	14	of	of	IN
37350	182	15	novelty	novelty	NN
37350	182	16	,	,	,
37350	182	17	namely	namely	RB
37350	182	18	,	,	,
37350	182	19	that	that	IN
37350	182	20	the	the	DT
37350	182	21	rib	rib	NN
37350	182	22	-	-	HYPH
37350	182	23	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	182	24	is	be	VBZ
37350	182	25	the	the	DT
37350	182	26	basiventral	basiventral	JJ
37350	182	27	,	,	,
37350	182	28	expanded	expanded	JJ
37350	182	29	and	and	CC
37350	182	30	external	external	JJ
37350	182	31	to	to	IN
37350	182	32	the	the	DT
37350	182	33	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	182	34	artery	artery	NN
37350	182	35	.	.	.
37350	183	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	183	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	183	3	not	not	RB
37350	183	4	necessary	necessary	JJ
37350	183	5	to	to	TO
37350	183	6	take	take	VB
37350	183	7	this	this	DT
37350	183	8	modification	modification	NN
37350	183	9	as	as	IN
37350	183	10	the	the	DT
37350	183	11	ancestral	ancestral	JJ
37350	183	12	condition	condition	NN
37350	183	13	in	in	IN
37350	183	14	tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	183	15	,	,	,
37350	183	16	of	of	IN
37350	183	17	course	course	NN
37350	183	18	.	.	.
37350	184	1	The	the	DT
37350	184	2	basiventral	basiventral	NN
37350	184	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	184	4	=	=	SYM
37350	184	5	intercentrum	intercentrum	NN
37350	184	6	)	)	-RRB-
37350	184	7	would	would	MD
37350	184	8	merely	merely	RB
37350	184	9	have	have	VB
37350	184	10	expanded	expand	VBN
37350	184	11	sufficiently	sufficiently	RB
37350	184	12	to	to	TO
37350	184	13	provide	provide	VB
37350	184	14	a	a	DT
37350	184	15	diapophysis	diapophysis	NN
37350	184	16	for	for	IN
37350	184	17	the	the	DT
37350	184	18	tuberculum	tuberculum	NN
37350	184	19	as	as	RB
37350	184	20	well	well	RB
37350	184	21	as	as	IN
37350	184	22	the	the	DT
37350	184	23	(	(	-LRB-
37350	184	24	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	184	25	)	)	-RRB-
37350	184	26	facet	facet	NNP
37350	184	27	for	for	IN
37350	184	28	the	the	DT
37350	184	29	capitulum	capitulum	NN
37350	184	30	.	.	.
37350	185	1	No	no	DT
37350	185	2	neomorph	neomorph	NN
37350	185	3	appears	appear	VBZ
37350	185	4	under	under	IN
37350	185	5	this	this	DT
37350	185	6	hypothesis	hypothesis	NN
37350	185	7	,	,	,
37350	185	8	which	which	WDT
37350	185	9	has	have	VBZ
37350	185	10	the	the	DT
37350	185	11	distinct	distinct	JJ
37350	185	12	advantage	advantage	NN
37350	185	13	of	of	IN
37350	185	14	simplicity	simplicity	NN
37350	185	15	.	.	.
37350	186	1	Figures	figure	NNS
37350	186	2	of	of	IN
37350	186	3	early	early	JJ
37350	186	4	stages	stage	NNS
37350	186	5	in	in	IN
37350	186	6	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	186	7	development	development	NN
37350	186	8	by	by	IN
37350	186	9	the	the	DT
37350	186	10	authors	author	NNS
37350	186	11	mentioned	mention	VBD
37350	186	12	show	show	VBP
37350	186	13	that	that	IN
37350	186	14	the	the	DT
37350	186	15	basidorsals	basidorsal	NNS
37350	186	16	chondrify	chondrify	VBP
37350	186	17	first	first	RB
37350	186	18	,	,	,
37350	186	19	as	as	IN
37350	186	20	neural	neural	JJ
37350	186	21	arches	arch	NNS
37350	186	22	,	,	,
37350	186	23	while	while	IN
37350	186	24	a	a	DT
37350	186	25	separate	separate	JJ
37350	186	26	mass	mass	NN
37350	186	27	of	of	IN
37350	186	28	mesenchyme	mesenchyme	NNS
37350	186	29	lies	lie	VBZ
37350	186	30	externally	externally	RB
37350	186	31	and	and	CC
37350	186	32	ventrally	ventrally	RB
37350	186	33	from	from	IN
37350	186	34	these	these	DT
37350	186	35	.	.	.
37350	187	1	This	this	DT
37350	187	2	mesenchyme	mesenchyme	NNS
37350	187	3	may	may	MD
37350	187	4	chondrify	chondrify	VB
37350	187	5	either	either	CC
37350	187	6	in	in	IN
37350	187	7	one	one	CD
37350	187	8	piece	piece	NN
37350	187	9	(	(	-LRB-
37350	187	10	on	on	IN
37350	187	11	each	each	DT
37350	187	12	side	side	NN
37350	187	13	)	)	-RRB-
37350	187	14	or	or	CC
37350	187	15	in	in	IN
37350	187	16	two	two	CD
37350	187	17	;	;	:
37350	187	18	in	in	IN
37350	187	19	_	_	NNP
37350	187	20	Molge	Molge	NNP
37350	187	21	_	_	NNP
37350	187	22	the	the	DT
37350	187	23	part	part	NN
37350	187	24	adjacent	adjacent	JJ
37350	187	25	to	to	IN
37350	187	26	the	the	DT
37350	187	27	centrum	centrum	NN
37350	187	28	is	be	VBZ
37350	187	29	ossified	ossify	VBN
37350	187	30	in	in	IN
37350	187	31	the	the	DT
37350	187	32	20-mm	20-mm	CD
37350	187	33	.	.	.
37350	188	1	larva	larva	NNP
37350	188	2	,	,	,
37350	188	3	and	and	CC
37350	188	4	subsequently	subsequently	RB
37350	188	5	unites	unite	VBZ
37350	188	6	with	with	IN
37350	188	7	the	the	DT
37350	188	8	more	more	JJR
37350	188	9	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	188	10	and	and	CC
37350	188	11	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	188	12	cartilaginous	cartilaginous	JJ
37350	188	13	part	part	NN
37350	188	14	,	,	,
37350	188	15	while	while	IN
37350	188	16	the	the	DT
37350	188	17	rib	rib	NN
37350	188	18	,	,	,
37350	188	19	appearing	appear	VBG
37350	188	20	farther	farther	RB
37350	188	21	out	out	RB
37350	188	22	,	,	,
37350	188	23	grows	grow	VBZ
37350	188	24	inward	inward	RB
37350	188	25	to	to	TO
37350	188	26	meet	meet	VB
37350	188	27	this	this	DT
37350	188	28	composite	composite	JJ
37350	188	29	"	"	``
37350	188	30	rib	rib	NN
37350	188	31	-	-	NN
37350	188	32	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	188	33	.	.	.
37350	188	34	"	"	''
37350	189	1	In	in	IN
37350	189	2	_	_	NNP
37350	189	3	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	189	4	_	_	NNP
37350	189	5	the	the	DT
37350	189	6	mesenchyme	mesenchyme	NNS
37350	189	7	below	below	IN
37350	189	8	the	the	DT
37350	189	9	neural	neural	JJ
37350	189	10	arch	arch	JJ
37350	189	11	differentiates	differentiate	NNS
37350	189	12	into	into	IN
37350	189	13	a	a	DT
37350	189	14	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	189	15	below	below	IN
37350	189	16	the	the	DT
37350	189	17	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	189	18	artery	artery	NN
37350	189	19	(	(	-LRB-
37350	189	20	position	position	NN
37350	189	21	proper	proper	JJ
37350	189	22	to	to	IN
37350	189	23	a	a	DT
37350	189	24	basiventral	basiventral	NN
37350	189	25	)	)	-RRB-
37350	189	26	,	,	,
37350	189	27	a	a	DT
37350	189	28	bridge	bridge	NN
37350	189	29	between	between	IN
37350	189	30	this	this	DT
37350	189	31	and	and	CC
37350	189	32	the	the	DT
37350	189	33	neural	neural	JJ
37350	189	34	arch	arch	NN
37350	189	35	,	,	,
37350	189	36	and	and	CC
37350	189	37	a	a	DT
37350	189	38	rib	rib	NN
37350	189	39	,	,	,
37350	189	40	the	the	DT
37350	189	41	latter	latter	JJ
37350	189	42	two	two	CD
37350	189	43	chondrifying	chondrify	VBG
37350	189	44	later	later	RB
37350	189	45	than	than	IN
37350	189	46	the	the	DT
37350	189	47	"	"	``
37350	189	48	basiventral	basiventral	JJ
37350	189	49	"	"	''
37350	189	50	proper	proper	JJ
37350	189	51	.	.	.
37350	190	1	In	in	IN
37350	190	2	the	the	DT
37350	190	3	"	"	``
37350	190	4	axolotl	axolotl	NN
37350	190	5	"	"	''
37350	190	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	190	7	presumably	presumably	RB
37350	190	8	_	_	NNP
37350	190	9	Ambystoma	Ambystoma	NNP
37350	190	10	tigrinum	tigrinum	NN
37350	190	11	_	_	NNP
37350	190	12	)	)	-RRB-
37350	190	13	the	the	DT
37350	190	14	rib	rib	NN
37350	190	15	-	-	HYPH
37350	190	16	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	190	17	grows	grow	VBZ
37350	190	18	downward	downward	RB
37350	190	19	from	from	IN
37350	190	20	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	190	21	first	first	JJ
37350	190	22	center	center	NN
37350	190	23	of	of	IN
37350	190	24	chondrification	chondrification	NN
37350	190	25	at	at	IN
37350	190	26	the	the	DT
37350	190	27	side	side	NN
37350	190	28	of	of	IN
37350	190	29	the	the	DT
37350	190	30	neural	neural	JJ
37350	190	31	arch	arch	NN
37350	190	32	(	(	-LRB-
37350	190	33	Emelianov	Emelianov	NNP
37350	190	34	,	,	,
37350	190	35	1936	1936	CD
37350	190	36	)	)	-RRB-
37350	190	37	.	.	.
37350	191	1	Thus	thus	RB
37350	191	2	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	191	3	appears	appear	VBZ
37350	191	4	that	that	IN
37350	191	5	the	the	DT
37350	191	6	simplest	simple	JJS
37350	191	7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NN
37350	191	8	to	to	TO
37350	191	9	account	account	VB
37350	191	10	for	for	IN
37350	191	11	the	the	DT
37350	191	12	rib	rib	NN
37350	191	13	-	-	HYPH
37350	191	14	bearer	bearer	NN
37350	191	15	is	be	VBZ
37350	191	16	that	that	DT
37350	191	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	191	18	_	_	NNP
37350	191	19	a	a	DT
37350	191	20	_	_	NNP
37350	191	21	)	)	-RRB-
37350	191	22	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	191	23	is	be	VBZ
37350	191	24	the	the	DT
37350	191	25	basiventral	basiventral	NN
37350	191	26	,	,	,
37350	191	27	(	(	-LRB-
37350	191	28	_	_	NNP
37350	191	29	b	b	NNP
37350	191	30	_	_	NNP
37350	191	31	)	)	-RRB-
37350	191	32	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	191	33	is	be	VBZ
37350	191	34	recognizable	recognizable	JJ
37350	191	35	just	just	RB
37350	191	36	before	before	IN
37350	191	37	chondrification	chondrification	NN
37350	191	38	as	as	IN
37350	191	39	a	a	DT
37350	191	40	mass	mass	NN
37350	191	41	of	of	IN
37350	191	42	mesenchyme	mesenchyme	NNS
37350	191	43	in	in	IN
37350	191	44	contact	contact	NN
37350	191	45	with	with	IN
37350	191	46	both	both	CC
37350	191	47	the	the	DT
37350	191	48	notochordal	notochordal	JJ
37350	191	49	sheath	sheath	NN
37350	191	50	and	and	CC
37350	191	51	the	the	DT
37350	191	52	basidorsal	basidorsal	NN
37350	191	53	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	191	54	,	,	,
37350	191	55	(	(	-LRB-
37350	191	56	_	_	NNP
37350	191	57	c	c	NNP
37350	191	58	_	_	NNP
37350	191	59	)	)	-RRB-
37350	191	60	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	191	61	may	may	MD
37350	191	62	chondrify	chondrify	VB
37350	191	63	or	or	CC
37350	191	64	ossify	ossify	VB
37350	191	65	first	first	RB
37350	191	66	in	in	IN
37350	191	67	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	191	68	ventral	ventral	JJ
37350	191	69	portion	portion	NN
37350	191	70	or	or	CC
37350	191	71	in	in	IN
37350	191	72	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	191	73	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	191	74	portion	portion	NN
37350	191	75	,	,	,
37350	191	76	the	the	DT
37350	191	77	two	two	CD
37350	191	78	then	then	RB
37350	191	79	joining	join	VBG
37350	191	80	before	before	IN
37350	191	81	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	191	82	fuses	fuse	VBZ
37350	191	83	with	with	IN
37350	191	84	the	the	DT
37350	191	85	rest	rest	NN
37350	191	86	of	of	IN
37350	191	87	the	the	DT
37350	191	88	vertebra	vertebra	NN
37350	191	89	,	,	,
37350	191	90	(	(	-LRB-
37350	191	91	_	_	NNP
37350	191	92	d	d	NNP
37350	191	93	_	_	NNP
37350	191	94	)	)	-RRB-
37350	191	95	the	the	DT
37350	191	96	enclosure	enclosure	NN
37350	191	97	of	of	IN
37350	191	98	the	the	DT
37350	191	99	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	191	100	artery	artery	NN
37350	191	101	is	be	VBZ
37350	191	102	a	a	DT
37350	191	103	consequence	consequence	NN
37350	191	104	of	of	IN
37350	191	105	the	the	DT
37350	191	106	extension	extension	NN
37350	191	107	of	of	IN
37350	191	108	the	the	DT
37350	191	109	basiventral	basiventral	NN
37350	191	110	beyond	beyond	IN
37350	191	111	the	the	DT
37350	191	112	position	position	NN
37350	191	113	occupied	occupy	VBN
37350	191	114	by	by	IN
37350	191	115	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	191	116	in	in	IN
37350	191	117	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	191	118	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	191	119	,	,	,
37350	191	120	and	and	CC
37350	191	121	(	(	-LRB-
37350	191	122	_	_	NNP
37350	191	123	e	e	NNP
37350	191	124	_	_	NNP
37350	191	125	)	)	-RRB-
37350	191	126	there	there	EX
37350	191	127	is	be	VBZ
37350	191	128	no	no	DT
37350	191	129	indication	indication	NN
37350	191	130	that	that	IN
37350	191	131	this	this	DT
37350	191	132	took	take	VBD
37350	191	133	place	place	NN
37350	191	134	in	in	IN
37350	191	135	other	other	JJ
37350	191	136	orders	order	NNS
37350	191	137	than	than	IN
37350	191	138	the	the	DT
37350	191	139	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	191	140	.	.	.
37350	192	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	192	2	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	192	3	that	that	IN
37350	192	4	the	the	DT
37350	192	5	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	192	6	in	in	IN
37350	192	7	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	192	8	have	have	VBP
37350	192	9	at	at	IN
37350	192	10	least	least	JJS
37350	192	11	the	the	DT
37350	192	12	following	follow	VBG
37350	192	13	components	component	NNS
37350	192	14	:	:	:
37350	192	15	perichordal	perichordal	NN
37350	192	16	centra	centra	NNP
37350	192	17	,	,	,
37350	192	18	separate	separate	JJ
37350	192	19	basidorsal	basidorsal	NN
37350	192	20	cartilages	cartilage	NNS
37350	192	21	,	,	,
37350	192	22	and	and	CC
37350	192	23	basiventrals	basiventral	NNS
37350	192	24	,	,	,
37350	192	25	which	which	WDT
37350	192	26	are	be	VBP
37350	192	27	somewhat	somewhat	RB
37350	192	28	specialized	specialized	JJ
37350	192	29	in	in	IN
37350	192	30	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	192	31	manner	manner	NN
37350	192	32	of	of	IN
37350	192	33	development	development	NN
37350	192	34	.	.	.
37350	193	1	The	the	DT
37350	193	2	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	193	3	of	of	IN
37350	193	4	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	193	5	develop	develop	VB
37350	193	6	in	in	IN
37350	193	7	the	the	DT
37350	193	8	fashion	fashion	NN
37350	193	9	just	just	RB
37350	193	10	described	describe	VBN
37350	193	11	except	except	IN
37350	193	12	that	that	IN
37350	193	13	basiventrals	basiventral	NNS
37350	193	14	are	be	VBP
37350	193	15	lacking	lack	VBG
37350	193	16	.	.	.
37350	194	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	194	2	would	would	MD
37350	194	3	seem	seem	VB
37350	194	4	no	no	DT
37350	194	5	more	more	RBR
37350	194	6	difficult	difficult	JJ
37350	194	7	to	to	TO
37350	194	8	accept	accept	VB
37350	194	9	the	the	DT
37350	194	10	derivation	derivation	NN
37350	194	11	of	of	IN
37350	194	12	salamander	salamander	JJ
37350	194	13	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	194	14	from	from	IN
37350	194	15	the	the	DT
37350	194	16	temnospondylous	temnospondylous	JJ
37350	194	17	type	type	NN
37350	194	18	than	than	IN
37350	194	19	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	194	20	is	be	VBZ
37350	194	21	in	in	IN
37350	194	22	the	the	DT
37350	194	23	case	case	NN
37350	194	24	of	of	IN
37350	194	25	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	194	26	,	,	,
37350	194	27	if	if	IN
37350	194	28	other	other	JJ
37350	194	29	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	194	30	points	point	VBZ
37350	194	31	to	to	IN
37350	194	32	such	such	PDT
37350	194	33	an	an	DT
37350	194	34	ancestry	ancestry	NN
37350	194	35	.	.	.
37350	195	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	195	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	195	3	:	:	:
37350	195	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	195	5	.	.	.
37350	196	1	7	7	LS
37350	196	2	.	.	.
37350	197	1	Vertebrae	Vertebrae	NNP
37350	197	2	of	of	IN
37350	197	3	_	_	NNP
37350	197	4	Eusthenopteron	Eusthenopteron	NNP
37350	197	5	_	_	NNP
37350	197	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	197	7	×1	×1	RB
37350	197	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	197	9	and	and	CC
37350	197	10	_	_	NNP
37350	197	11	Ichthyostega	Ichthyostega	NNP
37350	197	12	_	_	NNP
37350	197	13	(	(	-LRB-
37350	197	14	×2/3	×2/3	UH
37350	197	15	,	,	,
37350	197	16	after	after	IN
37350	197	17	Jarvik	Jarvik	NNP
37350	197	18	,	,	,
37350	197	19	1952	1952	CD
37350	197	20	)	)	-RRB-
37350	197	21	,	,	,
37350	197	22	_	_	NNP
37350	197	23	Trimerorhachis	Trimerorhachis	NNP
37350	197	24	_	_	NNP
37350	197	25	(	(	-LRB-
37350	197	26	×1	×1	RB
37350	197	27	-	-	:
37350	197	28	1/2	1/2	CD
37350	197	29	,	,	,
37350	197	30	after	after	IN
37350	197	31	Case	Case	NNP
37350	197	32	)	)	-RRB-
37350	197	33	,	,	,
37350	197	34	and	and	CC
37350	197	35	_	_	NNP
37350	197	36	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	197	37	_	_	NNP
37350	197	38	(	(	-LRB-
37350	197	39	×10	×10	NNP
37350	197	40	,	,	,
37350	197	41	after	after	IN
37350	197	42	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	197	43	,	,	,
37350	197	44	1940	1940	CD
37350	197	45	)	)	-RRB-
37350	197	46	in	in	IN
37350	197	47	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	197	48	and	and	CC
37350	197	49	end	end	VB
37350	197	50	views	view	NNS
37350	197	51	;	;	:
37350	197	52	the	the	DT
37350	197	53	two	two	CD
37350	197	54	lower	low	JJR
37350	197	55	right	right	JJ
37350	197	56	-	-	HYPH
37350	197	57	hand	hand	NN
37350	197	58	figures	figure	NNS
37350	197	59	are	be	VBP
37350	197	60	from	from	IN
37350	197	61	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	197	62	(	(	-LRB-
37350	197	63	1940	1940	CD
37350	197	64	,	,	,
37350	197	65	as	as	IN
37350	197	66	_	_	NNP
37350	197	67	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	197	68	_	_	NNP
37350	197	69	)	)	-RRB-
37350	197	70	;	;	:
37350	197	71	the	the	DT
37350	197	72	lower	low	JJR
37350	197	73	left	left	NN
37350	197	74	is	be	VBZ
37350	197	75	from	from	IN
37350	197	76	a	a	DT
37350	197	77	cast	cast	NN
37350	197	78	of	of	IN
37350	197	79	the	the	DT
37350	197	80	"	"	``
37350	197	81	_	_	NNP
37350	197	82	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	197	83	_	_	NNP
37350	197	84	"	"	``
37350	197	85	specimen	speciman	NNS
37350	197	86	in	in	IN
37350	197	87	Chicago	Chicago	NNP
37350	197	88	Natural	Natural	NNP
37350	197	89	History	History	NNP
37350	197	90	Museum	Museum	NNP
37350	197	91	,	,	,
37350	197	92	No	no	UH
37350	197	93	.	.	.
37350	198	1	2000	2000	CD
37350	198	2	,	,	,
37350	198	3	in	in	IN
37350	198	4	the	the	DT
37350	198	5	presacral	presacral	JJ
37350	198	6	region	region	NN
37350	198	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	198	8	original	original	JJ
37350	198	9	,	,	,
37350	198	10	×10	×10	ADD
37350	198	11	)	)	-RRB-
37350	198	12	.	.	.
37350	198	13	]	]	-RRB-
37350	199	1	Fig	fig	NN
37350	199	2	.	.	.
37350	200	1	7	7	LS
37350	200	2	,	,	,
37350	200	3	lower	lower	RBR
37350	200	4	right	right	JJ
37350	200	5	,	,	,
37350	200	6	is	be	VBZ
37350	200	7	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	200	8	's	's	POS
37350	200	9	(	(	-LRB-
37350	200	10	1940	1940	CD
37350	200	11	)	)	-RRB-
37350	200	12	illustration	illustration	NN
37350	200	13	of	of	IN
37350	200	14	the	the	DT
37350	200	15	anterior	anterior	NNP
37350	200	16	trunk	trunk	NNP
37350	200	17	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	200	18	of	of	IN
37350	200	19	_	_	NNP
37350	200	20	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	200	21	_	_	NNP
37350	200	22	(	(	-LRB-
37350	200	23	_	_	NNP
37350	200	24	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	200	25	_	_	NNP
37350	200	26	)	)	-RRB-
37350	200	27	,	,	,
37350	200	28	in	in	IN
37350	200	29	which	which	WDT
37350	200	30	the	the	DT
37350	200	31	intercentrum	intercentrum	NN
37350	200	32	is	be	VBZ
37350	200	33	shown	show	VBN
37350	200	34	as	as	IN
37350	200	35	a	a	DT
37350	200	36	single	single	JJ
37350	200	37	median	median	JJ
37350	200	38	piece	piece	NN
37350	200	39	.	.	.
37350	201	1	Fig	fig	NN
37350	201	2	.	.	.
37350	202	1	7	7	LS
37350	202	2	,	,	,
37350	202	3	lower	lower	RBR
37350	202	4	left	leave	VBN
37350	202	5	,	,	,
37350	202	6	shows	show	VBZ
37350	202	7	two	two	CD
37350	202	8	of	of	IN
37350	202	9	the	the	DT
37350	202	10	more	more	RBR
37350	202	11	posterior	posterior	NNP
37350	202	12	trunk	trunk	NN
37350	202	13	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	202	14	seen	see	VBN
37350	202	15	as	as	IN
37350	202	16	impressions	impression	NNS
37350	202	17	in	in	IN
37350	202	18	a	a	DT
37350	202	19	cast	cast	NN
37350	202	20	of	of	IN
37350	202	21	the	the	DT
37350	202	22	type	type	NN
37350	202	23	of	of	IN
37350	202	24	"	"	``
37350	202	25	_	_	NNP
37350	202	26	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	202	27	romeri	romeri	NNP
37350	202	28	_	_	NNP
37350	202	29	;	;	:
37350	202	30	"	"	``
37350	202	31	evidently	evidently	RB
37350	202	32	the	the	DT
37350	202	33	inter	inter	NNP
37350	202	34	-	-	JJ
37350	202	35	centra	centra	NNP
37350	202	36	were	be	VBD
37350	202	37	paired	pair	VBN
37350	202	38	at	at	IN
37350	202	39	about	about	IN
37350	202	40	the	the	DT
37350	202	41	level	level	NN
37350	202	42	of	of	IN
37350	202	43	the	the	DT
37350	202	44	16th	16th	JJ
37350	202	45	vertebra	vertebra	NN
37350	202	46	,	,	,
37350	202	47	and	and	CC
37350	202	48	relatively	relatively	RB
37350	202	49	large	large	JJ
37350	202	50	.	.	.
37350	203	1	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	203	2	's	's	POS
37350	203	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	203	4	1950	1950	CD
37350	203	5	)	)	-RRB-
37350	203	6	figure	figure	NN
37350	203	7	of	of	IN
37350	203	8	the	the	DT
37350	203	9	type	type	NN
37350	203	10	specimen	speciman	NNS
37350	203	11	of	of	IN
37350	203	12	"	"	``
37350	203	13	_	_	NNP
37350	203	14	Mazonerpeton	Mazonerpeton	NNP
37350	203	15	_	_	NNP
37350	203	16	"	"	''
37350	203	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	203	18	also	also	RB
37350	203	19	equivalent	equivalent	JJ
37350	203	20	to	to	IN
37350	203	21	_	_	NNP
37350	203	22	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	203	23	_	_	NNP
37350	203	24	)	)	-RRB-
37350	203	25	shows	show	VBZ
37350	203	26	the	the	DT
37350	203	27	anterior	anterior	NNP
37350	203	28	trunk	trunk	NNP
37350	203	29	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	203	30	in	in	IN
37350	203	31	relation	relation	NN
37350	203	32	to	to	IN
37350	203	33	the	the	DT
37350	203	34	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	203	35	essentially	essentially	RB
37350	203	36	as	as	IN
37350	203	37	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	203	38	appear	appear	VBP
37350	203	39	to	to	IN
37350	203	40	me	-PRON-	PRP
37350	203	41	in	in	IN
37350	203	42	the	the	DT
37350	203	43	cast	cast	NN
37350	203	44	of	of	IN
37350	203	45	_	_	NNP
37350	203	46	Miobatrachus	Miobatrachus	NNP
37350	203	47	_	_	NNP
37350	203	48	,	,	,
37350	203	49	and	and	CC
37350	203	50	rather	rather	RB
37350	203	51	differently	differently	RB
37350	203	52	from	from	IN
37350	203	53	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	203	54	's	's	POS
37350	203	55	figure	figure	NN
37350	203	56	of	of	IN
37350	203	57	the	the	DT
37350	203	58	latter	latter	JJ
37350	203	59	.	.	.
37350	204	1	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	204	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	204	3	probably	probably	RB
37350	204	4	right	right	RB
37350	204	5	in	in	IN
37350	204	6	considering	consider	VBG
37350	204	7	the	the	DT
37350	204	8	specimens	specimen	NNS
37350	204	9	to	to	TO
37350	204	10	represent	represent	VB
37350	204	11	various	various	JJ
37350	204	12	degrees	degree	NNS
37350	204	13	of	of	IN
37350	204	14	immaturity	immaturity	NN
37350	204	15	.	.	.
37350	205	1	So	so	RB
37350	205	2	far	far	RB
37350	205	3	as	as	IN
37350	205	4	present	present	JJ
37350	205	5	information	information	NN
37350	205	6	goes	go	VBZ
37350	205	7	,	,	,
37350	205	8	then	then	RB
37350	205	9	,	,	,
37350	205	10	the	the	DT
37350	205	11	vertebrae	vertebra	NNS
37350	205	12	of	of	IN
37350	205	13	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	205	14	and	and	CC
37350	205	15	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	205	16	show	show	VBP
37350	205	17	no	no	DT
37350	205	18	_	_	NNP
37350	205	19	clear	clear	JJ
37350	205	20	_	_	NNP
37350	205	21	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	205	22	of	of	IN
37350	205	23	derivation	derivation	NN
37350	205	24	from	from	IN
37350	205	25	those	those	DT
37350	205	26	of	of	IN
37350	205	27	any	any	DT
37350	205	28	particular	particular	JJ
37350	205	29	group	group	NN
37350	205	30	among	among	IN
37350	205	31	the	the	DT
37350	205	32	early	early	JJ
37350	205	33	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	205	34	,	,	,
37350	205	35	but	but	CC
37350	205	36	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	205	37	features	feature	NNS
37350	205	38	are	be	VBP
37350	205	39	not	not	RB
37350	205	40	inconsistent	inconsistent	JJ
37350	205	41	with	with	IN
37350	205	42	a	a	DT
37350	205	43	simplification	simplification	NN
37350	205	44	of	of	IN
37350	205	45	the	the	DT
37350	205	46	pattern	pattern	NN
37350	205	47	of	of	IN
37350	205	48	Temnospondyli	Temnospondyli	NNP
37350	205	49	.	.	.
37350	206	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	206	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	206	3	:	:	:
37350	206	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	206	5	.	.	.
37350	207	1	8	8	LS
37350	207	2	.	.	.
37350	208	1	Pectoral	pectoral	JJ
37350	208	2	girdles	girdle	NNS
37350	208	3	of	of	IN
37350	208	4	_	_	NNP
37350	208	5	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	208	6	_	_	NNP
37350	208	7	(	(	-LRB-
37350	208	8	after	after	IN
37350	208	9	Piveteau	Piveteau	NNP
37350	208	10	,	,	,
37350	208	11	1937	1937	CD
37350	208	12	)	)	-RRB-
37350	208	13	,	,	,
37350	208	14	_	_	NNP
37350	208	15	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	208	16	_	_	NNP
37350	208	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	208	18	after	after	IN
37350	208	19	Stipanicic	Stipanicic	NNP
37350	208	20	and	and	CC
37350	208	21	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	208	22	,	,	,
37350	208	23	1956	1956	CD
37350	208	24	)	)	-RRB-
37350	208	25	,	,	,
37350	208	26	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	208	27	(	(	-LRB-
37350	208	28	after	after	IN
37350	208	29	Ritland	Ritland	NNP
37350	208	30	,	,	,
37350	208	31	1955	1955	CD
37350	208	32	a	a	NN
37350	208	33	)	)	-RRB-
37350	208	34	and	and	CC
37350	208	35	_	_	NNP
37350	208	36	Rana	Rana	NNP
37350	208	37	_	_	NNP
37350	208	38	(	(	-LRB-
37350	208	39	original	original	JJ
37350	208	40	)	)	-RRB-
37350	208	41	;	;	,
37350	208	42	all	all	DT
37350	208	43	×2	×2	XX
37350	208	44	.	.	.
37350	209	1	For	for	IN
37350	209	2	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	209	3	of	of	IN
37350	209	4	abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	209	5	see	see	VBP
37350	209	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	209	7	.	.	.
37350	210	1	3	3	LS
37350	210	2	.	.	.
37350	210	3	]	]	-RRB-
37350	211	1	PECTORAL	PECTORAL	NNP
37350	211	2	GIRDLE	GIRDLE	NNP
37350	211	3	Hecht	Hecht	NNP
37350	211	4	and	and	CC
37350	211	5	Ruibal	Ruibal	NNP
37350	211	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	211	7	Copeia	Copeia	NNP
37350	211	8	,	,	,
37350	211	9	1928:242	1928:242	CD
37350	211	10	)	)	-RRB-
37350	211	11	make	make	VBP
37350	211	12	a	a	DT
37350	211	13	strong	strong	JJ
37350	211	14	point	point	NN
37350	211	15	of	of	IN
37350	211	16	the	the	DT
37350	211	17	nature	nature	NN
37350	211	18	of	of	IN
37350	211	19	the	the	DT
37350	211	20	pectoral	pectoral	JJ
37350	211	21	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	211	22	in	in	IN
37350	211	23	_	_	NNP
37350	211	24	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	211	25	_	_	NNP
37350	211	26	,	,	,
37350	211	27	as	as	IN
37350	211	28	described	describe	VBN
37350	211	29	recently	recently	RB
37350	211	30	by	by	IN
37350	211	31	Stipanicic	Stipanicic	NNP
37350	211	32	and	and	CC
37350	211	33	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	211	34	(	(	-LRB-
37350	211	35	1955	1955	CD
37350	211	36	,	,	,
37350	211	37	1956	1956	CD
37350	211	38	)	)	-RRB-
37350	211	39	from	from	IN
37350	211	40	the	the	DT
37350	211	41	Jurassic	Jurassic	NNP
37350	211	42	of	of	IN
37350	211	43	Patagonia	Patagonia	NNP
37350	211	44	,	,	,
37350	211	45	and	and	CC
37350	211	46	quite	quite	RB
37350	211	47	rightly	rightly	RB
37350	211	48	recommend	recommend	VBP
37350	211	49	that	that	IN
37350	211	50	the	the	DT
37350	211	51	significance	significance	NN
37350	211	52	of	of	IN
37350	211	53	the	the	DT
37350	211	54	arciferal	arciferal	JJ
37350	211	55	and	and	CC
37350	211	56	firmisternal	firmisternal	JJ
37350	211	57	types	type	NNS
37350	211	58	of	of	IN
37350	211	59	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	211	60	be	be	VB
37350	211	61	restudied	restudie	VBN
37350	211	62	.	.	.
37350	212	1	That	that	DT
37350	212	2	of	of	IN
37350	212	3	_	_	NNP
37350	212	4	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	212	5	_	_	NNP
37350	212	6	is	be	VBZ
37350	212	7	said	say	VBN
37350	212	8	to	to	TO
37350	212	9	be	be	VB
37350	212	10	firmisternal	firmisternal	JJ
37350	212	11	;	;	:
37350	212	12	in	in	IN
37350	212	13	view	view	NN
37350	212	14	of	of	IN
37350	212	15	the	the	DT
37350	212	16	arciferal	arciferal	JJ
37350	212	17	condition	condition	NN
37350	212	18	in	in	IN
37350	212	19	the	the	DT
37350	212	20	supposedly	supposedly	RB
37350	212	21	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	212	22	_	_	NNP
37350	212	23	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	212	24	_	_	NNP
37350	212	25	,	,	,
37350	212	26	_	_	NNP
37350	212	27	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	212	28	_	_	NNP
37350	212	29	,	,	,
37350	212	30	_	_	NNP
37350	212	31	Bombinator	Bombinator	NNP
37350	212	32	_	_	NNP
37350	212	33	,	,	,
37350	212	34	etc	etc	FW
37350	212	35	.	.	FW
37350	212	36	,	,	,
37350	212	37	this	this	DT
37350	212	38	comes	come	VBZ
37350	212	39	as	as	IN
37350	212	40	a	a	DT
37350	212	41	surprise	surprise	NN
37350	212	42	.	.	.
37350	213	1	Is	be	VBZ
37350	213	2	the	the	DT
37350	213	3	firmisternal	firmisternal	JJ
37350	213	4	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	213	5	,	,	,
37350	213	6	as	as	IN
37350	213	7	seen	see	VBN
37350	213	8	in	in	IN
37350	213	9	_	_	NNP
37350	213	10	Rana	Rana	NNP
37350	213	11	_	_	NNP
37350	213	12	,	,	,
37350	213	13	_	_	NNP
37350	213	14	Bufo	Bufo	NNP
37350	213	15	_	_	NNP
37350	213	16	,	,	,
37350	213	17	and	and	CC
37350	213	18	others	other	NNS
37350	213	19	,	,	,
37350	213	20	actually	actually	RB
37350	213	21	the	the	DT
37350	213	22	ancestral	ancestral	JJ
37350	213	23	type	type	NN
37350	213	24	,	,	,
37350	213	25	and	and	CC
37350	213	26	has	have	VBZ
37350	213	27	the	the	DT
37350	213	28	arciferal	arciferal	JJ
37350	213	29	been	be	VBN
37350	213	30	derived	derive	VBN
37350	213	31	from	from	IN
37350	213	32	something	something	NN
37350	213	33	like	like	IN
37350	213	34	this	this	DT
37350	213	35	?	?	.
37350	214	1	In	in	IN
37350	214	2	the	the	DT
37350	214	3	figures	figure	NNS
37350	214	4	given	give	VBN
37350	214	5	by	by	IN
37350	214	6	Stipanicic	Stipanicic	NNP
37350	214	7	and	and	CC
37350	214	8	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	214	9	the	the	DT
37350	214	10	ossified	ossified	JJ
37350	214	11	parts	part	NNS
37350	214	12	of	of	IN
37350	214	13	the	the	DT
37350	214	14	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	214	15	are	be	VBP
37350	214	16	figured	figure	VBN
37350	214	17	in	in	IN
37350	214	18	detail	detail	NN
37350	214	19	(	(	-LRB-
37350	214	20	Fig	fig	NN
37350	214	21	.	.	.
37350	215	1	8)	8)	CD
37350	215	2	and	and	CC
37350	215	3	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	215	4	's	's	POS
37350	215	5	discussion	discussion	NN
37350	215	6	of	of	IN
37350	215	7	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	215	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	215	9	thorough	thorough	JJ
37350	215	10	.	.	.
37350	216	1	The	the	DT
37350	216	2	decision	decision	NN
37350	216	3	to	to	TO
37350	216	4	call	call	VB
37350	216	5	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	216	6	firmisternal	firmisternal	JJ
37350	216	7	was	be	VBD
37350	216	8	taken	take	VBN
37350	216	9	with	with	IN
37350	216	10	some	some	DT
37350	216	11	hesitancy	hesitancy	NN
37350	216	12	,	,	,
37350	216	13	for	for	IN
37350	216	14	no	no	DT
37350	216	15	median	median	JJ
37350	216	16	elements	element	NNS
37350	216	17	are	be	VBP
37350	216	18	indicated	indicate	VBN
37350	216	19	,	,	,
37350	216	20	and	and	CC
37350	216	21	the	the	DT
37350	216	22	position	position	NN
37350	216	23	and	and	CC
37350	216	24	shape	shape	NN
37350	216	25	of	of	IN
37350	216	26	those	those	DT
37350	216	27	seen	see	VBN
37350	216	28	is	be	VBZ
37350	216	29	closely	closely	RB
37350	216	30	similar	similar	JJ
37350	216	31	to	to	IN
37350	216	32	the	the	DT
37350	216	33	ossified	ossified	JJ
37350	216	34	parts	part	NNS
37350	216	35	in	in	IN
37350	216	36	_	_	NNP
37350	216	37	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	216	38	_	_	NNP
37350	216	39	and	and	CC
37350	216	40	_	_	NNP
37350	216	41	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	216	42	_	_	NNP
37350	216	43	;	;	:
37350	216	44	there	there	EX
37350	216	45	is	be	VBZ
37350	216	46	no	no	DT
37350	216	47	bony	bony	NNP
37350	216	48	sternum	sternum	NN
37350	216	49	or	or	CC
37350	216	50	omosternum	omosternum	JJ
37350	216	51	.	.	.
37350	217	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	217	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	217	3	safe	safe	JJ
37350	217	4	to	to	TO
37350	217	5	suppose	suppose	VB
37350	217	6	that	that	IN
37350	217	7	some	some	DT
37350	217	8	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	217	9	lay	lie	VBD
37350	217	10	in	in	IN
37350	217	11	the	the	DT
37350	217	12	midline	midline	NN
37350	217	13	between	between	IN
37350	217	14	the	the	DT
37350	217	15	clavicles	clavicle	NNS
37350	217	16	and	and	CC
37350	217	17	coracoids	coracoid	NNS
37350	217	18	,	,	,
37350	217	19	but	but	CC
37350	217	20	there	there	EX
37350	217	21	is	be	VBZ
37350	217	22	no	no	DT
37350	217	23	evidence	evidence	NN
37350	217	24	as	as	IN
37350	217	25	to	to	IN
37350	217	26	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	217	27	extent	extent	NN
37350	217	28	,	,	,
37350	217	29	rigidity	rigidity	NN
37350	217	30	,	,	,
37350	217	31	or	or	CC
37350	217	32	degree	degree	NN
37350	217	33	of	of	IN
37350	217	34	overlapping	overlapping	NN
37350	217	35	if	if	IN
37350	217	36	any	any	DT
37350	217	37	.	.	.
37350	218	1	Apparently	apparently	RB
37350	218	2	,	,	,
37350	218	3	then	then	RB
37350	218	4	,	,	,
37350	218	5	there	there	EX
37350	218	6	is	be	VBZ
37350	218	7	not	not	RB
37350	218	8	sufficient	sufficient	JJ
37350	218	9	reason	reason	NN
37350	218	10	to	to	TO
37350	218	11	infer	infer	VB
37350	218	12	that	that	IN
37350	218	13	this	this	DT
37350	218	14	Jurassic	Jurassic	NNP
37350	218	15	frog	frog	NN
37350	218	16	had	have	VBD
37350	218	17	a	a	DT
37350	218	18	pectoral	pectoral	JJ
37350	218	19	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	218	20	comparable	comparable	JJ
37350	218	21	with	with	IN
37350	218	22	the	the	DT
37350	218	23	modern	modern	JJ
37350	218	24	firmisternal	firmisternal	JJ
37350	218	25	type	type	NN
37350	218	26	.	.	.
37350	219	1	Piveteau	Piveteau	NNP
37350	219	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	219	3	1955:261	1955:261	CD
37350	219	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	219	5	remarks	remark	NNS
37350	219	6	that	that	IN
37350	219	7	the	the	DT
37350	219	8	only	only	JJ
37350	219	9	living	live	VBG
37350	219	10	Anuran	Anuran	NNP
37350	219	11	that	that	WDT
37350	219	12	can	can	MD
37350	219	13	be	be	VB
37350	219	14	compared	compare	VBN
37350	219	15	usefully	usefully	RB
37350	219	16	with	with	IN
37350	219	17	_	_	NNP
37350	219	18	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	219	19	_	_	NNP
37350	219	20	(	(	-LRB-
37350	219	21	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	219	22	)	)	-RRB-
37350	219	23	with	with	IN
37350	219	24	regard	regard	NN
37350	219	25	to	to	IN
37350	219	26	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	219	27	pectoral	pectoral	JJ
37350	219	28	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	219	29	is	be	VBZ
37350	219	30	_	_	NNP
37350	219	31	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	219	32	_	_	NNP
37350	219	33	.	.	.
37350	220	1	Again	again	RB
37350	220	2	,	,	,
37350	220	3	the	the	DT
37350	220	4	extent	extent	NN
37350	220	5	of	of	IN
37350	220	6	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	220	7	in	in	IN
37350	220	8	_	_	NNP
37350	220	9	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	220	10	_	_	NNP
37350	220	11	(	(	-LRB-
37350	220	12	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	220	13	.	.	.
37350	221	1	8)	8)	CD
37350	221	2	can	can	MD
37350	221	3	only	only	RB
37350	221	4	be	be	VB
37350	221	5	inferred	infer	VBN
37350	221	6	,	,	,
37350	221	7	and	and	CC
37350	221	8	there	there	EX
37350	221	9	are	be	VBP
37350	221	10	no	no	DT
37350	221	11	median	median	JJ
37350	221	12	elements	element	NNS
37350	221	13	.	.	.
37350	222	1	The	the	DT
37350	222	2	agreement	agreement	NN
37350	222	3	with	with	IN
37350	222	4	_	_	NNP
37350	222	5	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	222	6	_	_	NNP
37350	222	7	includes	include	VBZ
37350	222	8	the	the	DT
37350	222	9	presence	presence	NN
37350	222	10	,	,	,
37350	222	11	in	in	IN
37350	222	12	both	both	DT
37350	222	13	,	,	,
37350	222	14	of	of	IN
37350	222	15	a	a	DT
37350	222	16	separate	separate	JJ
37350	222	17	coracoid	coracoid	JJ
37350	222	18	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	222	19	situated	situate	VBN
37350	222	20	posterior	posterior	RB
37350	222	21	to	to	IN
37350	222	22	the	the	DT
37350	222	23	ossified	ossified	JJ
37350	222	24	"	"	``
37350	222	25	scapulocoracoid	scapulocoracoid	NN
37350	222	26	"	"	''
37350	222	27	(	(	-LRB-
37350	222	28	actually	actually	RB
37350	222	29	scapula	scapula	JJ
37350	222	30	)	)	-RRB-
37350	222	31	.	.	.
37350	223	1	This	this	DT
37350	223	2	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	223	3	is	be	VBZ
37350	223	4	evidently	evidently	RB
37350	223	5	that	that	IN
37350	223	6	shown	show	VBN
37350	223	7	in	in	IN
37350	223	8	_	_	NNP
37350	223	9	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	223	10	_	_	NNP
37350	223	11	as	as	IN
37350	223	12	"	"	``
37350	223	13	coracoid	coracoid	NN
37350	223	14	.	.	.
37350	223	15	"	"	''
37350	224	1	Direct	direct	JJ
37350	224	2	comparison	comparison	NN
37350	224	3	of	of	IN
37350	224	4	the	the	DT
37350	224	5	three	three	CD
37350	224	6	genera	genera	NN
37350	224	7	with	with	IN
37350	224	8	one	one	CD
37350	224	9	another	another	DT
37350	224	10	suggests	suggest	VBZ
37350	224	11	that	that	IN
37350	224	12	if	if	IN
37350	224	13	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	224	14	use	use	VBP
37350	224	15	the	the	DT
37350	224	16	term	term	NN
37350	224	17	arciferal	arciferal	JJ
37350	224	18	for	for	IN
37350	224	19	any	any	DT
37350	224	20	,	,	,
37350	224	21	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	224	22	should	should	MD
37350	224	23	use	use	VB
37350	224	24	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	224	25	for	for	IN
37350	224	26	all	all	DT
37350	224	27	.	.	.
37350	225	1	In	in	IN
37350	225	2	the	the	DT
37350	225	3	remote	remote	JJ
37350	225	4	predecessor	predecessor	NN
37350	225	5	of	of	IN
37350	225	6	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	225	7	,	,	,
37350	225	8	_	_	NNP
37350	225	9	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	225	10	_	_	NNP
37350	225	11	of	of	IN
37350	225	12	the	the	DT
37350	225	13	Pennsylvanian	Pennsylvanian	NNP
37350	225	14	,	,	,
37350	225	15	the	the	DT
37350	225	16	pectoral	pectoral	JJ
37350	225	17	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	225	18	was	be	VBD
37350	225	19	less	less	RBR
37350	225	20	substantial	substantial	JJ
37350	225	21	than	than	IN
37350	225	22	in	in	IN
37350	225	23	many	many	JJ
37350	225	24	of	of	IN
37350	225	25	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	225	26	contemporaries	contemporary	NNS
37350	225	27	,	,	,
37350	225	28	but	but	CC
37350	225	29	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	225	30	contained	contain	VBD
37350	225	31	the	the	DT
37350	225	32	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	225	33	median	median	JJ
37350	225	34	interclavicle	interclavicle	NN
37350	225	35	in	in	IN
37350	225	36	addition	addition	NN
37350	225	37	to	to	IN
37350	225	38	the	the	DT
37350	225	39	clavicle	clavicle	NNP
37350	225	40	,	,	,
37350	225	41	cleithrum	cleithrum	NN
37350	225	42	,	,	,
37350	225	43	and	and	CC
37350	225	44	scapulocoracoid	scapulocoracoid	VB
37350	225	45	.	.	.
37350	226	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	226	2	The	the	DT
37350	226	3	figure	figure	NN
37350	226	4	of	of	IN
37350	226	5	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	226	6	,	,	,
37350	226	7	1940	1940	CD
37350	226	8	,	,	,
37350	226	9	and	and	CC
37350	226	10	that	that	IN
37350	226	11	by	by	IN
37350	226	12	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	226	13	,	,	,
37350	226	14	1950	1950	CD
37350	226	15	,	,	,
37350	226	16	are	be	VBP
37350	226	17	of	of	IN
37350	226	18	individuals	individual	NNS
37350	226	19	of	of	IN
37350	226	20	different	different	JJ
37350	226	21	ages	age	NNS
37350	226	22	,	,	,
37350	226	23	the	the	DT
37350	226	24	latter	latter	JJ
37350	226	25	being	be	VBG
37350	226	26	older	old	JJR
37350	226	27	.	.	.
37350	226	28	)	)	-RRB-
37350	227	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	227	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	227	3	clear	clear	JJ
37350	227	4	that	that	IN
37350	227	5	the	the	DT
37350	227	6	paired	pair	VBN
37350	227	7	elements	element	NNS
37350	227	8	of	of	IN
37350	227	9	such	such	PDT
37350	227	10	a	a	DT
37350	227	11	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	227	12	were	be	VBD
37350	227	13	held	hold	VBN
37350	227	14	rigid	rigid	JJ
37350	227	15	by	by	IN
37350	227	16	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	227	17	attachment	attachment	NN
37350	227	18	to	to	IN
37350	227	19	the	the	DT
37350	227	20	interclavicle	interclavicle	NN
37350	227	21	,	,	,
37350	227	22	_	_	NNP
37350	227	23	via	via	IN
37350	227	24	_	_	NNP
37350	227	25	the	the	DT
37350	227	26	clavicles	clavicle	NNS
37350	227	27	.	.	.
37350	228	1	Subsequent	subsequent	JJ
37350	228	2	elimination	elimination	NN
37350	228	3	of	of	IN
37350	228	4	the	the	DT
37350	228	5	interclavicle	interclavicle	NN
37350	228	6	in	in	IN
37350	228	7	the	the	DT
37350	228	8	Anuran	Anuran	NNP
37350	228	9	line	line	NN
37350	228	10	of	of	IN
37350	228	11	descent	descent	NN
37350	228	12	,	,	,
37350	228	13	and	and	CC
37350	228	14	decrease	decrease	NN
37350	228	15	of	of	IN
37350	228	16	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	228	17	,	,	,
37350	228	18	left	leave	VBD
37350	228	19	a	a	DT
37350	228	20	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	228	21	like	like	IN
37350	228	22	that	that	DT
37350	228	23	of	of	IN
37350	228	24	_	_	NNP
37350	228	25	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	228	26	_	_	NNP
37350	228	27	,	,	,
37350	228	28	_	_	NNP
37350	228	29	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	228	30	_	_	NNP
37350	228	31	,	,	,
37350	228	32	_	_	NNP
37350	228	33	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	228	34	_	_	NNP
37350	228	35	and	and	CC
37350	228	36	_	_	NNP
37350	228	37	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	228	38	_	_	NNP
37350	228	39	.	.	.
37350	229	1	But	but	CC
37350	229	2	in	in	IN
37350	229	3	several	several	JJ
37350	229	4	advanced	advanced	JJ
37350	229	5	families	family	NNS
37350	229	6	a	a	DT
37350	229	7	more	more	RBR
37350	229	8	rigid	rigid	JJ
37350	229	9	median	median	NN
37350	229	10	"	"	''
37350	229	11	sternum	sternum	NNP
37350	229	12	,	,	,
37350	229	13	"	"	''
37350	229	14	of	of	IN
37350	229	15	one	one	CD
37350	229	16	or	or	CC
37350	229	17	two	two	CD
37350	229	18	bony	bony	NN
37350	229	19	pieces	piece	NNS
37350	229	20	plus	plus	CC
37350	229	21	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	229	22	,	,	,
37350	229	23	is	be	VBZ
37350	229	24	developed	develop	VBN
37350	229	25	secondarily	secondarily	RB
37350	229	26	,	,	,
37350	229	27	possibly	possibly	RB
37350	229	28	(	(	-LRB-
37350	229	29	as	as	IN
37350	229	30	Cope	Cope	NNP
37350	229	31	,	,	,
37350	229	32	1889	1889	CD
37350	229	33	:	:	SYM
37350	229	34	247	247	CD
37350	229	35	,	,	,
37350	229	36	suggested	suggest	VBN
37350	229	37	)	)	-RRB-
37350	229	38	in	in	IN
37350	229	39	correlation	correlation	NN
37350	229	40	with	with	IN
37350	229	41	axillary	axillary	JJ
37350	229	42	amplexus	amplexus	NN
37350	229	43	.	.	.
37350	230	1	Among	among	IN
37350	230	2	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	230	3	no	no	DT
37350	230	4	dermal	dermal	JJ
37350	230	5	bones	bone	NNS
37350	230	6	occur	occur	VBP
37350	230	7	in	in	IN
37350	230	8	the	the	DT
37350	230	9	pectoral	pectoral	JJ
37350	230	10	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	230	11	.	.	.
37350	231	1	There	there	EX
37350	231	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	231	3	usually	usually	RB
37350	231	4	a	a	DT
37350	231	5	scapulocoracoid	scapulocoracoid	NN
37350	231	6	ossified	ossify	VBN
37350	231	7	as	as	IN
37350	231	8	a	a	DT
37350	231	9	single	single	JJ
37350	231	10	piece	piece	NN
37350	231	11	,	,	,
37350	231	12	from	from	IN
37350	231	13	which	which	WDT
37350	231	14	a	a	DT
37350	231	15	thin	thin	JJ
37350	231	16	cartilaginous	cartilaginous	JJ
37350	231	17	suprascapula	suprascapula	NN
37350	231	18	extends	extend	VBZ
37350	231	19	dorsally	dorsally	RB
37350	231	20	and	and	CC
37350	231	21	a	a	DT
37350	231	22	broad	broad	JJ
37350	231	23	cartilaginous	cartilaginous	JJ
37350	231	24	coracoid	coracoid	NN
37350	231	25	plate	plate	NN
37350	231	26	extends	extend	VBZ
37350	231	27	medially	medially	RB
37350	231	28	,	,	,
37350	231	29	overlapping	overlap	VBG
37350	231	30	the	the	DT
37350	231	31	one	one	NN
37350	231	32	from	from	IN
37350	231	33	the	the	DT
37350	231	34	opposite	opposite	JJ
37350	231	35	side	side	NN
37350	231	36	;	;	:
37350	231	37	a	a	DT
37350	231	38	precoracoid	precoracoid	JJ
37350	231	39	lobe	lobe	NN
37350	231	40	of	of	IN
37350	231	41	this	this	DT
37350	231	42	reaches	reach	VBZ
37350	231	43	forward	forward	RB
37350	231	44	on	on	IN
37350	231	45	either	either	DT
37350	231	46	side	side	NN
37350	231	47	,	,	,
37350	231	48	and	and	CC
37350	231	49	a	a	DT
37350	231	50	median	median	JJ
37350	231	51	,	,	,
37350	231	52	posterior	posterior	JJ
37350	231	53	"	"	``
37350	231	54	sternum	sternum	FW
37350	231	55	"	"	''
37350	231	56	of	of	IN
37350	231	57	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	231	58	may	may	MD
37350	231	59	make	make	VB
37350	231	60	contact	contact	NN
37350	231	61	with	with	IN
37350	231	62	the	the	DT
37350	231	63	edges	edge	NNS
37350	231	64	of	of	IN
37350	231	65	the	the	DT
37350	231	66	two	two	CD
37350	231	67	coracoids	coracoid	NNS
37350	231	68	.	.	.
37350	232	1	In	in	IN
37350	232	2	_	_	NNP
37350	232	3	Siren	Siren	NNP
37350	232	4	_	_	NNP
37350	232	5	and	and	CC
37350	232	6	_	_	NNP
37350	232	7	Amphiuma	Amphiuma	NNP
37350	232	8	_	_	NNP
37350	232	9	two	two	CD
37350	232	10	centers	center	NNS
37350	232	11	of	of	IN
37350	232	12	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	232	13	are	be	VBP
37350	232	14	found	find	VBN
37350	232	15	for	for	IN
37350	232	16	each	each	DT
37350	232	17	scapulocoracoid	scapulocoracoid	NN
37350	232	18	,	,	,
37350	232	19	and	and	CC
37350	232	20	in	in	IN
37350	232	21	_	_	NNP
37350	232	22	Triton	Triton	NNP
37350	232	23	_	_	NNP
37350	232	24	and	and	CC
37350	232	25	_	_	NNP
37350	232	26	Salamandra	Salamandra	NNP
37350	232	27	_	_	NNP
37350	232	28	three	three	CD
37350	232	29	.	.	.
37350	233	1	Probably	probably	RB
37350	233	2	the	the	DT
37350	233	3	more	more	JJR
37350	233	4	dorsal	dorsal	NN
37350	233	5	and	and	CC
37350	233	6	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	233	7	of	of	IN
37350	233	8	these	these	DT
37350	233	9	represents	represent	VBZ
37350	233	10	the	the	DT
37350	233	11	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	233	12	scapula	scapula	NN
37350	233	13	and	and	CC
37350	233	14	the	the	DT
37350	233	15	other	other	JJ
37350	233	16	one	one	NN
37350	233	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	233	18	or	or	CC
37350	233	19	two	two	CD
37350	233	20	)	)	-RRB-
37350	233	21	the	the	DT
37350	233	22	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	233	23	coracoid	coracoid	NN
37350	233	24	.	.	.
37350	234	1	Comparing	compare	VBG
37350	234	2	the	the	DT
37350	234	3	girdle	girdle	NN
37350	234	4	of	of	IN
37350	234	5	a	a	DT
37350	234	6	salamander	salamander	NN
37350	234	7	with	with	IN
37350	234	8	that	that	DT
37350	234	9	of	of	IN
37350	234	10	a	a	DT
37350	234	11	frog	frog	NN
37350	234	12	,	,	,
37350	234	13	the	the	DT
37350	234	14	closest	close	JJS
37350	234	15	similarity	similarity	NN
37350	234	16	can	can	MD
37350	234	17	be	be	VB
37350	234	18	seen	see	VBN
37350	234	19	between	between	IN
37350	234	20	_	_	NNP
37350	234	21	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	234	22	_	_	NNP
37350	234	23	and	and	CC
37350	234	24	a	a	DT
37350	234	25	salamander	salamander	NN
37350	234	26	in	in	IN
37350	234	27	which	which	WDT
37350	234	28	the	the	DT
37350	234	29	scapula	scapula	NN
37350	234	30	and	and	CC
37350	234	31	coracoid	coracoid	NN
37350	234	32	ossify	ossify	VB
37350	234	33	separately	separately	RB
37350	234	34	.	.	.
37350	235	1	Both	both	DT
37350	235	2	have	have	VBP
37350	235	3	the	the	DT
37350	235	4	median	median	JJ
37350	235	5	"	"	``
37350	235	6	sternum	sternum	FW
37350	235	7	"	"	''
37350	235	8	in	in	IN
37350	235	9	contact	contact	NN
37350	235	10	with	with	IN
37350	235	11	the	the	DT
37350	235	12	coracoid	coracoid	JJ
37350	235	13	plates	plate	NNS
37350	235	14	.	.	.
37350	236	1	The	the	DT
37350	236	2	major	major	JJ
37350	236	3	difference	difference	NN
37350	236	4	,	,	,
37350	236	5	of	of	IN
37350	236	6	course	course	NN
37350	236	7	,	,	,
37350	236	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	236	9	the	the	DT
37350	236	10	lack	lack	NN
37350	236	11	of	of	IN
37350	236	12	clavicle	clavicle	NNP
37350	236	13	and	and	CC
37350	236	14	cleithrum	cleithrum	NN
37350	236	15	in	in	IN
37350	236	16	the	the	DT
37350	236	17	salamander	salamander	NN
37350	236	18	.	.	.
37350	237	1	CARPUS	CARPUS	NNP
37350	237	2	AND	and	CC
37350	237	3	TARSUS	TARSUS	NNP
37350	237	4	In	in	IN
37350	237	5	_	_	NNP
37350	237	6	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	237	7	_	_	NNP
37350	237	8	(	(	-LRB-
37350	237	9	Ritland	Ritland	NNP
37350	237	10	,	,	,
37350	237	11	1955a	1955a	CD
37350	237	12	;	;	,
37350	237	13	cleared	clear	VBN
37350	237	14	and	and	CC
37350	237	15	stained	stain	VBN
37350	237	16	specimens	specimen	NNS
37350	237	17	of	of	IN
37350	237	18	nearly	nearly	RB
37350	237	19	grown	grow	VBN
37350	237	20	males	male	NNS
37350	237	21	)	)	-RRB-
37350	237	22	distal	distal	JJ
37350	237	23	carpals	carpal	NNS
37350	237	24	1	1	CD
37350	237	25	,	,	,
37350	237	26	2	2	CD
37350	237	27	,	,	,
37350	237	28	3	3	CD
37350	237	29	and	and	CC
37350	237	30	4	4	CD
37350	237	31	are	be	VBP
37350	237	32	present	present	JJ
37350	237	33	and	and	CC
37350	237	34	separate	separate	JJ
37350	237	35	,	,	,
37350	237	36	increasing	increase	VBG
37350	237	37	in	in	IN
37350	237	38	size	size	NN
37350	237	39	in	in	IN
37350	237	40	the	the	DT
37350	237	41	order	order	NN
37350	237	42	given	give	VBN
37350	237	43	(	(	-LRB-
37350	237	44	Fig	fig	NN
37350	237	45	.	.	.
37350	238	1	9	9	LS
37350	238	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	238	3	.	.	.
37350	239	1	A	a	DT
37350	239	2	prepollex	prepollex	NN
37350	239	3	rests	rest	VBZ
37350	239	4	against	against	IN
37350	239	5	centrale	centrale	NNP
37350	239	6	1	1	CD
37350	239	7	;	;	:
37350	239	8	centralia	centralia	NNP
37350	239	9	2	2	CD
37350	239	10	and	and	CC
37350	239	11	3	3	CD
37350	239	12	are	be	VBP
37350	239	13	fused	fuse	VBN
37350	239	14	;	;	:
37350	239	15	the	the	DT
37350	239	16	radiale	radiale	JJ
37350	239	17	fuses	fuse	NNS
37350	239	18	with	with	IN
37350	239	19	centrale	centrale	NNP
37350	239	20	4	4	CD
37350	239	21	,	,	,
37350	239	22	and	and	CC
37350	239	23	the	the	DT
37350	239	24	intermedium	intermedium	JJ
37350	239	25	fuses	fuse	NNS
37350	239	26	with	with	IN
37350	239	27	the	the	DT
37350	239	28	ulnare	ulnare	NNP
37350	239	29	;	;	:
37350	239	30	radius	radius	NN
37350	239	31	and	and	CC
37350	239	32	ulna	ulna	NNP
37350	239	33	are	be	VBP
37350	239	34	fused	fuse	VBN
37350	239	35	with	with	IN
37350	239	36	each	each	DT
37350	239	37	other	other	JJ
37350	239	38	as	as	IN
37350	239	39	in	in	IN
37350	239	40	other	other	JJ
37350	239	41	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	239	42	.	.	.
37350	240	1	The	the	DT
37350	240	2	digits	digit	NNS
37350	240	3	(	(	-LRB-
37350	240	4	and	and	CC
37350	240	5	metacarpals	metacarpal	NNS
37350	240	6	)	)	-RRB-
37350	240	7	are	be	VBP
37350	240	8	considered	consider	VBN
37350	240	9	by	by	IN
37350	240	10	Ritland	Ritland	NNP
37350	240	11	to	to	TO
37350	240	12	be	be	VB
37350	240	13	1	1	CD
37350	240	14	-	-	SYM
37350	240	15	4	4	CD
37350	240	16	,	,	,
37350	240	17	in	in	IN
37350	240	18	addition	addition	NN
37350	240	19	to	to	IN
37350	240	20	the	the	DT
37350	240	21	prepollex	prepollex	NN
37350	240	22	,	,	,
37350	240	23	rather	rather	RB
37350	240	24	than	than	IN
37350	240	25	2	2	CD
37350	240	26	-	-	SYM
37350	240	27	5	5	CD
37350	240	28	.	.	.
37350	241	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	241	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	241	3	:	:	:
37350	241	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	241	5	.	.	.
37350	242	1	9	9	CD
37350	242	2	.	.	.
37350	243	1	Skeleton	Skeleton	NNP
37350	243	2	of	of	IN
37350	243	3	fore	fore	NN
37350	243	4	foot	foot	NN
37350	243	5	of	of	IN
37350	243	6	_	_	NNP
37350	243	7	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	243	8	_	_	NNP
37350	243	9	(	(	-LRB-
37350	243	10	after	after	IN
37350	243	11	Stipanicic	Stipanicic	NNP
37350	243	12	and	and	CC
37350	243	13	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	243	14	,	,	,
37350	243	15	1956	1956	CD
37350	243	16	,	,	,
37350	243	17	terminology	terminology	NN
37350	243	18	revised	revise	VBN
37350	243	19	)	)	-RRB-
37350	243	20	and	and	CC
37350	243	21	_	_	NNP
37350	243	22	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	243	23	_	_	NNP
37350	243	24	(	(	-LRB-
37350	243	25	after	after	IN
37350	243	26	Ritland	Ritland	NNP
37350	243	27	,	,	,
37350	243	28	1955	1955	CD
37350	243	29	a	a	DT
37350	243	30	)	)	-RRB-
37350	243	31	;	;	:
37350	243	32	all	all	DT
37350	243	33	×5	×5	XX
37350	243	34	.	.	.
37350	244	1	For	for	IN
37350	244	2	explanation	explanation	NN
37350	244	3	of	of	IN
37350	244	4	abbreviations	abbreviation	NNS
37350	244	5	see	see	VBP
37350	244	6	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	244	7	.	.	.
37350	245	1	3	3	LS
37350	245	2	.	.	.
37350	245	3	]	]	-RRB-
37350	246	1	In	in	IN
37350	246	2	the	the	DT
37350	246	3	Jurassic	Jurassic	NNP
37350	246	4	_	_	NNP
37350	246	5	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	246	6	_	_	NNP
37350	246	7	Stipanicic	Stipanicic	NNP
37350	246	8	and	and	CC
37350	246	9	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	246	10	(	(	-LRB-
37350	246	11	1956	1956	CD
37350	246	12	)	)	-RRB-
37350	246	13	have	have	VBP
37350	246	14	shown	show	VBN
37350	246	15	the	the	DT
37350	246	16	carpus	carpus	NN
37350	246	17	with	with	IN
37350	246	18	surprising	surprising	JJ
37350	246	19	clarity	clarity	NN
37350	246	20	(	(	-LRB-
37350	246	21	Fig	fig	NN
37350	246	22	.	.	.
37350	247	1	9	9	LS
37350	247	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	247	3	.	.	.
37350	248	1	If	if	IN
37350	248	2	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	248	3	nomenclature	nomenclature	NN
37350	248	4	of	of	IN
37350	248	5	the	the	DT
37350	248	6	parts	part	NNS
37350	248	7	be	be	VB
37350	248	8	revised	revise	VBN
37350	248	9	,	,	,
37350	248	10	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	248	11	obtain	obtain	VBP
37350	248	12	a	a	DT
37350	248	13	fairly	fairly	RB
37350	248	14	close	close	JJ
37350	248	15	resemblance	resemblance	NN
37350	248	16	to	to	IN
37350	248	17	_	_	NNP
37350	248	18	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	248	19	_	_	NNP
37350	248	20	,	,	,
37350	248	21	except	except	IN
37350	248	22	that	that	IN
37350	248	23	centralia	centralia	NNP
37350	248	24	2	2	CD
37350	248	25	and	and	CC
37350	248	26	3	3	CD
37350	248	27	are	be	VBP
37350	248	28	not	not	RB
37350	248	29	fused	fuse	VBN
37350	248	30	,	,	,
37350	248	31	distal	distal	JJ
37350	248	32	carpals	carpal	NNS
37350	248	33	1	1	CD
37350	248	34	and	and	CC
37350	248	35	2	2	CD
37350	248	36	do	do	VBP
37350	248	37	not	not	RB
37350	248	38	show	show	VB
37350	248	39	(	(	-LRB-
37350	248	40	which	which	WDT
37350	248	41	would	would	MD
37350	248	42	easily	easily	RB
37350	248	43	be	be	VB
37350	248	44	understood	understand	VBN
37350	248	45	if	if	IN
37350	248	46	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	248	47	were	be	VBD
37350	248	48	of	of	IN
37350	248	49	the	the	DT
37350	248	50	size	size	NN
37350	248	51	of	of	IN
37350	248	52	those	those	DT
37350	248	53	in	in	IN
37350	248	54	_	_	NNP
37350	248	55	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	248	56	_	_	NNP
37350	248	57	,	,	,
37350	248	58	or	or	CC
37350	248	59	not	not	RB
37350	248	60	ossified	ossify	VBN
37350	248	61	)	)	-RRB-
37350	248	62	,	,	,
37350	248	63	and	and	CC
37350	248	64	the	the	DT
37350	248	65	intermedium	intermedium	NN
37350	248	66	remains	remain	VBZ
37350	248	67	separate	separate	JJ
37350	248	68	from	from	IN
37350	248	69	the	the	DT
37350	248	70	ulnare	ulnare	NNP
37350	248	71	.	.	.
37350	249	1	In	in	IN
37350	249	2	_	_	NNP
37350	249	3	Salamandra	Salamandra	NNP
37350	249	4	_	_	NNP
37350	249	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	249	6	Francis	Francis	NNP
37350	249	7	,	,	,
37350	249	8	1934	1934	CD
37350	249	9	;	;	:
37350	249	10	Nauck	Nauck	NNP
37350	249	11	,	,	,
37350	249	12	1938	1938	CD
37350	249	13	)	)	-RRB-
37350	249	14	distal	distal	JJ
37350	249	15	carpals	carpal	NNS
37350	249	16	1	1	CD
37350	249	17	and	and	CC
37350	249	18	2	2	CD
37350	249	19	are	be	VBP
37350	249	20	fused	fuse	VBN
37350	249	21	in	in	IN
37350	249	22	both	both	DT
37350	249	23	larva	larva	NN
37350	249	24	and	and	CC
37350	249	25	adult	adult	NN
37350	249	26	,	,	,
37350	249	27	and	and	CC
37350	249	28	3	3	CD
37350	249	29	and	and	CC
37350	249	30	4	4	CD
37350	249	31	are	be	VBP
37350	249	32	separate	separate	JJ
37350	249	33	;	;	:
37350	249	34	the	the	DT
37350	249	35	radiale	radiale	NN
37350	249	36	,	,	,
37350	249	37	intermedium	intermedium	JJ
37350	249	38	and	and	CC
37350	249	39	ulnare	ulnare	NNP
37350	249	40	are	be	VBP
37350	249	41	separate	separate	JJ
37350	249	42	in	in	IN
37350	249	43	the	the	DT
37350	249	44	larva	larva	NN
37350	249	45	but	but	CC
37350	249	46	the	the	DT
37350	249	47	latter	latter	JJ
37350	249	48	two	two	CD
37350	249	49	fuse	fuse	NN
37350	249	50	in	in	IN
37350	249	51	the	the	DT
37350	249	52	adult	adult	NN
37350	249	53	;	;	:
37350	249	54	centrale	centrale	NNP
37350	249	55	1	1	CD
37350	249	56	(	(	-LRB-
37350	249	57	labelled	label	VBN
37350	249	58	prepollical	prepollical	JJ
37350	249	59	cartilage	cartilage	NN
37350	249	60	by	by	IN
37350	249	61	Francis	Francis	NNP
37350	249	62	)	)	-RRB-
37350	249	63	and	and	CC
37350	249	64	centrale	centrale	NNP
37350	249	65	2	2	CD
37350	249	66	are	be	VBP
37350	249	67	separate	separate	JJ
37350	249	68	.	.	.
37350	250	1	Francis	Francis	NNP
37350	250	2	considers	consider	VBZ
37350	250	3	the	the	DT
37350	250	4	digits	digit	NNS
37350	250	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	250	6	and	and	CC
37350	250	7	metacarpals	metacarpal	NNS
37350	250	8	)	)	-RRB-
37350	250	9	to	to	TO
37350	250	10	be	be	VB
37350	250	11	1	1	CD
37350	250	12	-	-	SYM
37350	250	13	4	4	CD
37350	250	14	.	.	.
37350	251	1	Apparently	apparently	RB
37350	251	2	the	the	DT
37350	251	3	arrangement	arrangement	NN
37350	251	4	here	here	RB
37350	251	5	indicated	indicate	VBD
37350	251	6	for	for	IN
37350	251	7	the	the	DT
37350	251	8	larva	larva	NN
37350	251	9	is	be	VBZ
37350	251	10	characteristic	characteristic	JJ
37350	251	11	of	of	IN
37350	251	12	other	other	JJ
37350	251	13	larval	larval	JJ
37350	251	14	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	251	15	,	,	,
37350	251	16	except	except	IN
37350	251	17	where	where	WRB
37350	251	18	further	further	RB
37350	251	19	reduced	reduce	VBN
37350	251	20	,	,	,
37350	251	21	and	and	CC
37350	251	22	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	251	23	below	below	IN
37350	251	24	the	the	DT
37350	251	25	number	number	NN
37350	251	26	given	give	VBN
37350	251	27	for	for	IN
37350	251	28	the	the	DT
37350	251	29	adult	adult	NN
37350	251	30	is	be	VBZ
37350	251	31	common	common	JJ
37350	251	32	in	in	IN
37350	251	33	other	other	JJ
37350	251	34	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	251	35	forms	form	NNS
37350	251	36	.	.	.
37350	252	1	The	the	DT
37350	252	2	radius	radius	NN
37350	252	3	and	and	CC
37350	252	4	ulna	ulna	NN
37350	252	5	are	be	VBP
37350	252	6	,	,	,
37350	252	7	of	of	IN
37350	252	8	course	course	NN
37350	252	9	,	,	,
37350	252	10	separate	separate	JJ
37350	252	11	.	.	.
37350	253	1	The	the	DT
37350	253	2	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	253	3	of	of	IN
37350	253	4	carpals	carpal	NNS
37350	253	5	is	be	VBZ
37350	253	6	more	more	RBR
37350	253	7	likely	likely	JJ
37350	253	8	to	to	TO
37350	253	9	be	be	VB
37350	253	10	complete	complete	JJ
37350	253	11	in	in	IN
37350	253	12	adult	adult	NN
37350	253	13	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	253	14	than	than	IN
37350	253	15	in	in	IN
37350	253	16	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	253	17	,	,	,
37350	253	18	but	but	CC
37350	253	19	some	some	DT
37350	253	20	ossification	ossification	NN
37350	253	21	of	of	IN
37350	253	22	all	all	DT
37350	253	23	parts	part	NNS
37350	253	24	named	name	VBN
37350	253	25	is	be	VBZ
37350	253	26	found	find	VBN
37350	253	27	in	in	IN
37350	253	28	several	several	JJ
37350	253	29	of	of	IN
37350	253	30	the	the	DT
37350	253	31	latter	latter	JJ
37350	253	32	.	.	.
37350	254	1	A	a	DT
37350	254	2	common	common	JJ
37350	254	3	ancestor	ancestor	NN
37350	254	4	of	of	IN
37350	254	5	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	254	6	and	and	CC
37350	254	7	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	254	8	could	could	MD
37350	254	9	be	be	VB
37350	254	10	expected	expect	VBN
37350	254	11	to	to	TO
37350	254	12	have	have	VB
37350	254	13	the	the	DT
37350	254	14	following	follow	VBG
37350	254	15	elements	element	NNS
37350	254	16	present	present	JJ
37350	254	17	and	and	CC
37350	254	18	ossified	ossify	VBN
37350	254	19	in	in	IN
37350	254	20	the	the	DT
37350	254	21	adult	adult	NN
37350	254	22	:	:	:
37350	254	23	distal	distal	JJ
37350	254	24	carpals	carpal	NNS
37350	254	25	1	1	CD
37350	254	26	-	-	SYM
37350	254	27	4	4	CD
37350	254	28	separate	separate	JJ
37350	254	29	;	;	:
37350	254	30	3	3	CD
37350	254	31	centralia	centralia	NNP
37350	254	32	;	;	:
37350	254	33	radiale	radiale	NNP
37350	254	34	,	,	,
37350	254	35	intermedium	intermedium	JJ
37350	254	36	and	and	CC
37350	254	37	ulnare	ulnare	NNP
37350	254	38	separate	separate	JJ
37350	254	39	.	.	.
37350	255	1	Comparison	comparison	NN
37350	255	2	with	with	IN
37350	255	3	fossils	fossil	NNS
37350	255	4	older	old	JJR
37350	255	5	than	than	IN
37350	255	6	_	_	NNP
37350	255	7	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	255	8	_	_	NNP
37350	255	9	is	be	VBZ
37350	255	10	fruitless	fruitless	JJ
37350	255	11	on	on	IN
37350	255	12	these	these	DT
37350	255	13	points	point	NNS
37350	255	14	,	,	,
37350	255	15	unless	unless	IN
37350	255	16	we	-PRON-	PRP
37350	255	17	go	go	VBP
37350	255	18	back	back	RB
37350	255	19	to	to	IN
37350	255	20	forms	form	NNS
37350	255	21	too	too	RB
37350	255	22	distant	distant	JJ
37350	255	23	to	to	TO
37350	255	24	have	have	VB
37350	255	25	any	any	DT
37350	255	26	special	special	JJ
37350	255	27	value	value	NN
37350	255	28	,	,	,
37350	255	29	such	such	JJ
37350	255	30	as	as	IN
37350	255	31	_	_	NNP
37350	255	32	Eryops	Eryops	NNP
37350	255	33	_	_	NNP
37350	255	34	.	.	.
37350	256	1	This	this	DT
37350	256	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	256	3	because	because	IN
37350	256	4	of	of	IN
37350	256	5	inadequate	inadequate	JJ
37350	256	6	preservation	preservation	NN
37350	256	7	and	and	CC
37350	256	8	because	because	IN
37350	256	9	the	the	DT
37350	256	10	elements	element	NNS
37350	256	11	are	be	VBP
37350	256	12	not	not	RB
37350	256	13	fully	fully	RB
37350	256	14	ossified	ossify	VBN
37350	256	15	in	in	IN
37350	256	16	many	many	JJ
37350	256	17	immature	immature	JJ
37350	256	18	specimens	specimen	NNS
37350	256	19	.	.	.
37350	257	1	For	for	IN
37350	257	2	the	the	DT
37350	257	3	purpose	purpose	NN
37350	257	4	of	of	IN
37350	257	5	this	this	DT
37350	257	6	review	review	NN
37350	257	7	there	there	EX
37350	257	8	is	be	VBZ
37350	257	9	no	no	DT
37350	257	10	special	special	JJ
37350	257	11	value	value	NN
37350	257	12	in	in	IN
37350	257	13	a	a	DT
37350	257	14	comparison	comparison	NN
37350	257	15	of	of	IN
37350	257	16	the	the	DT
37350	257	17	tarsi	tarsi	NN
37350	257	18	of	of	IN
37350	257	19	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	257	20	and	and	CC
37350	257	21	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	257	22	,	,	,
37350	257	23	since	since	IN
37350	257	24	the	the	DT
37350	257	25	leaping	leap	VBG
37350	257	26	adaptation	adaptation	NN
37350	257	27	of	of	IN
37350	257	28	the	the	DT
37350	257	29	former	former	JJ
37350	257	30	leaves	leave	NNS
37350	257	31	very	very	RB
37350	257	32	little	little	JJ
37350	257	33	common	common	JJ
37350	257	34	pattern	pattern	NN
37350	257	35	between	between	IN
37350	257	36	them	-PRON-	PRP
37350	257	37	.	.	.
37350	258	1	Even	even	RB
37350	258	2	in	in	IN
37350	258	3	_	_	NNP
37350	258	4	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	258	5	_	_	NNP
37350	258	6	,	,	,
37350	258	7	where	where	WRB
37350	258	8	the	the	DT
37350	258	9	legs	leg	NNS
37350	258	10	were	be	VBD
37350	258	11	not	not	RB
37350	258	12	yet	yet	RB
37350	258	13	conspicuously	conspicuously	RB
37350	258	14	lengthened	lengthen	VBN
37350	258	15	,	,	,
37350	258	16	the	the	DT
37350	258	17	tibiale	tibiale	NN
37350	258	18	and	and	CC
37350	258	19	fibulare	fibulare	NNP
37350	258	20	(	(	-LRB-
37350	258	21	"	"	``
37350	258	22	astragalus	astragalus	JJ
37350	258	23	"	"	''
37350	258	24	and	and	CC
37350	258	25	"	"	``
37350	258	26	calcaneum	calcaneum	JJ
37350	258	27	"	"	''
37350	258	28	respectively	respectively	RB
37350	258	29	)	)	-RRB-
37350	258	30	were	be	VBD
37350	258	31	already	already	RB
37350	258	32	considerably	considerably	RB
37350	258	33	elongated	elongate	VBN
37350	258	34	.	.	.
37350	259	1	The	the	DT
37350	259	2	carpus	carpus	NNP
37350	259	3	and	and	CC
37350	259	4	tarsus	tarsus	NNP
37350	259	5	of	of	IN
37350	259	6	_	_	NNP
37350	259	7	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	259	8	_	_	NNP
37350	259	9	are	be	VBP
37350	259	10	as	as	RB
37350	259	11	yet	yet	RB
37350	259	12	undecipherable	undecipherable	JJ
37350	259	13	.	.	.
37350	260	1	THE	the	DT
37350	260	2	LARVA	larva	NN
37350	260	3	Considering	consider	VBG
37350	260	4	the	the	DT
37350	260	5	postembryonic	postembryonic	JJ
37350	260	6	developmental	developmental	JJ
37350	260	7	stages	stage	NNS
37350	260	8	of	of	IN
37350	260	9	modern	modern	JJ
37350	260	10	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	260	11	,	,	,
37350	260	12	there	there	EX
37350	260	13	can	can	MD
37350	260	14	be	be	VB
37350	260	15	no	no	DT
37350	260	16	doubt	doubt	NN
37350	260	17	that	that	IN
37350	260	18	a	a	DT
37350	260	19	gill	gill	RB
37350	260	20	-	-	HYPH
37350	260	21	bearing	bear	VBG
37350	260	22	,	,	,
37350	260	23	four	four	CD
37350	260	24	-	-	HYPH
37350	260	25	legged	legged	JJ
37350	260	26	larva	larva	NN
37350	260	27	of	of	IN
37350	260	28	a	a	DT
37350	260	29	salamander	salamander	JJ
37350	260	30	,	,	,
37350	260	31	in	in	IN
37350	260	32	which	which	WDT
37350	260	33	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	260	34	line	line	NN
37350	260	35	pores	pore	NNS
37350	260	36	and	and	CC
37350	260	37	a	a	DT
37350	260	38	gular	gular	JJ
37350	260	39	fold	fold	NN
37350	260	40	are	be	VBP
37350	260	41	present	present	JJ
37350	260	42	,	,	,
37350	260	43	represents	represent	VBZ
37350	260	44	much	much	RB
37350	260	45	more	more	RBR
37350	260	46	closely	closely	RB
37350	260	47	the	the	DT
37350	260	48	type	type	NN
37350	260	49	of	of	IN
37350	260	50	larva	larva	NN
37350	260	51	found	find	VBN
37350	260	52	in	in	IN
37350	260	53	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	260	54	than	than	IN
37350	260	55	does	do	VBZ
37350	260	56	the	the	DT
37350	260	57	limbless	limbless	NN
37350	260	58	,	,	,
37350	260	59	plant	plant	NN
37350	260	60	-	-	HYPH
37350	260	61	nibbling	nibble	VBG
37350	260	62	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	260	63	of	of	IN
37350	260	64	the	the	DT
37350	260	65	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	260	66	.	.	.
37350	261	1	Salamander	Salamander	NNP
37350	261	2	-	-	HYPH
37350	261	3	like	like	JJ
37350	261	4	larvae	larvae	NN
37350	261	5	of	of	IN
37350	261	6	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	261	7	are	be	VBP
37350	261	8	well	well	RB
37350	261	9	known	known	JJ
37350	261	10	,	,	,
37350	261	11	especially	especially	RB
37350	261	12	those	those	DT
37350	261	13	formerly	formerly	RB
37350	261	14	supposed	suppose	VBN
37350	261	15	to	to	TO
37350	261	16	comprise	comprise	VB
37350	261	17	the	the	DT
37350	261	18	order	order	NN
37350	261	19	Branchiosauria	Branchiosauria	NNP
37350	261	20	.	.	.
37350	262	1	Many	many	JJ
37350	262	2	,	,	,
37350	262	3	perhaps	perhaps	RB
37350	262	4	the	the	DT
37350	262	5	majority	majority	NN
37350	262	6	of	of	IN
37350	262	7	,	,	,
37350	262	8	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	262	9	show	show	VBP
37350	262	10	some	some	DT
37350	262	11	features	feature	NNS
37350	262	12	associated	associate	VBN
37350	262	13	with	with	IN
37350	262	14	aquatic	aquatic	JJ
37350	262	15	life	life	NN
37350	262	16	even	even	RB
37350	262	17	when	when	WRB
37350	262	18	full	full	RB
37350	262	19	-	-	HYPH
37350	262	20	grown	grown	JJ
37350	262	21	,	,	,
37350	262	22	as	as	IN
37350	262	23	do	do	VBP
37350	262	24	the	the	DT
37350	262	25	lepospondyls	lepospondyls	NN
37350	262	26	.	.	.
37350	263	1	These	these	DT
37350	263	2	features	feature	NNS
37350	263	3	may	may	MD
37350	263	4	include	include	VB
37350	263	5	impressions	impression	NNS
37350	263	6	of	of	IN
37350	263	7	sensory	sensory	JJ
37350	263	8	canals	canal	NNS
37350	263	9	on	on	IN
37350	263	10	the	the	DT
37350	263	11	dermal	dermal	JJ
37350	263	12	bones	bone	NNS
37350	263	13	of	of	IN
37350	263	14	the	the	DT
37350	263	15	skull	skull	NN
37350	263	16	,	,	,
37350	263	17	persistence	persistence	NN
37350	263	18	of	of	IN
37350	263	19	visceral	visceral	JJ
37350	263	20	arches	arch	NNS
37350	263	21	,	,	,
37350	263	22	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	263	23	in	in	IN
37350	263	24	size	size	NN
37350	263	25	of	of	IN
37350	263	26	appendages	appendage	NNS
37350	263	27	,	,	,
37350	263	28	and	and	CC
37350	263	29	failure	failure	NN
37350	263	30	of	of	IN
37350	263	31	tarsal	tarsal	NN
37350	263	32	and	and	CC
37350	263	33	carpal	carpal	NN
37350	263	34	elements	element	NNS
37350	263	35	to	to	TO
37350	263	36	ossify	ossify	VB
37350	263	37	.	.	.
37350	264	1	In	in	IN
37350	264	2	fact	fact	NN
37350	264	3	,	,	,
37350	264	4	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	264	5	appears	appear	VBZ
37350	264	6	that	that	DT
37350	264	7	very	very	RB
37350	264	8	few	few	JJ
37350	264	9	of	of	IN
37350	264	10	the	the	DT
37350	264	11	Paleozoic	Paleozoic	NNP
37350	264	12	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	264	13	were	be	VBD
37350	264	14	successful	successful	JJ
37350	264	15	in	in	IN
37350	264	16	establishing	establish	VBG
37350	264	17	themselves	-PRON-	PRP
37350	264	18	as	as	IN
37350	264	19	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	264	20	animals	animal	NNS
37350	264	21	even	even	RB
37350	264	22	as	as	IN
37350	264	23	adults	adult	NNS
37350	264	24	.	.	.
37350	265	1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	RB
37350	265	2	,	,	,
37350	265	3	in	in	IN
37350	265	4	the	the	DT
37350	265	5	ancestry	ancestry	NN
37350	265	6	of	of	IN
37350	265	7	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	265	8	,	,	,
37350	265	9	and	and	CC
37350	265	10	that	that	DT
37350	265	11	of	of	IN
37350	265	12	at	at	IN
37350	265	13	least	least	JJS
37350	265	14	the	the	DT
37350	265	15	Hynobiid	Hynobiid	NNP
37350	265	16	,	,	,
37350	265	17	Ambystomid	Ambystomid	NNP
37350	265	18	,	,	,
37350	265	19	Salamandrid	Salamandrid	NNP
37350	265	20	and	and	CC
37350	265	21	Plethodontid	Plethodontid	NNP
37350	265	22	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	265	23	,	,	,
37350	265	24	there	there	EX
37350	265	25	must	must	MD
37350	265	26	certainly	certainly	RB
37350	265	27	have	have	VB
37350	265	28	been	be	VBN
37350	265	29	a	a	DT
37350	265	30	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	265	31	adult	adult	NN
37350	265	32	,	,	,
37350	265	33	transforming	transform	VBG
37350	265	34	from	from	IN
37350	265	35	an	an	DT
37350	265	36	aquatic	aquatic	JJ
37350	265	37	larva	larva	NN
37350	265	38	.	.	.
37350	266	1	The	the	DT
37350	266	2	leaping	leaping	NN
37350	266	3	mechanism	mechanism	NN
37350	266	4	of	of	IN
37350	266	5	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	266	6	,	,	,
37350	266	7	shown	show	VBN
37350	266	8	in	in	IN
37350	266	9	so	so	RB
37350	266	10	many	many	JJ
37350	266	11	features	feature	NNS
37350	266	12	of	of	IN
37350	266	13	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	266	14	anatomy	anatomy	NN
37350	266	15	,	,	,
37350	266	16	is	be	VBZ
37350	266	17	perhaps	perhaps	RB
37350	266	18	to	to	TO
37350	266	19	be	be	VB
37350	266	20	explained	explain	VBN
37350	266	21	as	as	IN
37350	266	22	a	a	DT
37350	266	23	device	device	NN
37350	266	24	for	for	IN
37350	266	25	sudden	sudden	JJ
37350	266	26	escape	escape	NN
37350	266	27	from	from	IN
37350	266	28	land	land	NN
37350	266	29	into	into	IN
37350	266	30	the	the	DT
37350	266	31	water	water	NN
37350	266	32	,	,	,
37350	266	33	but	but	CC
37350	266	34	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	266	35	was	be	VBD
37350	266	36	not	not	RB
37350	266	37	yet	yet	RB
37350	266	38	perfected	perfect	VBN
37350	266	39	in	in	IN
37350	266	40	the	the	DT
37350	266	41	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	266	42	_	_	NNP
37350	266	43	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	266	44	_	_	NNP
37350	266	45	or	or	CC
37350	266	46	the	the	DT
37350	266	47	Jurassic	Jurassic	NNP
37350	266	48	_	_	NNP
37350	266	49	Notobatrachus	Notobatrachus	NNP
37350	266	50	_	_	NNP
37350	266	51	.	.	.
37350	267	1	The	the	DT
37350	267	2	middle	middle	JJ
37350	267	3	ear	ear	NN
37350	267	4	,	,	,
37350	267	5	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	267	6	sound	sound	NN
37350	267	7	-	-	HYPH
37350	267	8	transmitting	transmitting	NN
37350	267	9	mechanism	mechanism	NN
37350	267	10	,	,	,
37350	267	11	and	and	CC
37350	267	12	the	the	DT
37350	267	13	tympanum	tympanum	NN
37350	267	14	,	,	,
37350	267	15	well	well	RB
37350	267	16	developed	develop	VBN
37350	267	17	in	in	IN
37350	267	18	most	most	JJS
37350	267	19	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	267	20	,	,	,
37350	267	21	are	be	VBP
37350	267	22	readily	readily	RB
37350	267	23	derived	derive	VBN
37350	267	24	from	from	IN
37350	267	25	those	those	DT
37350	267	26	of	of	IN
37350	267	27	early	early	JJ
37350	267	28	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	267	29	,	,	,
37350	267	30	and	and	CC
37350	267	31	are	be	VBP
37350	267	32	presumably	presumably	RB
37350	267	33	effective	effective	JJ
37350	267	34	for	for	IN
37350	267	35	hearing	hear	VBG
37350	267	36	airborne	airborne	JJ
37350	267	37	sounds	sound	VBZ
37350	267	38	whether	whether	IN
37350	267	39	on	on	IN
37350	267	40	land	land	NN
37350	267	41	or	or	CC
37350	267	42	while	while	IN
37350	267	43	floating	float	VBG
37350	267	44	in	in	IN
37350	267	45	the	the	DT
37350	267	46	water	water	NN
37350	267	47	.	.	.
37350	268	1	Reduction	reduction	NN
37350	268	2	of	of	IN
37350	268	3	these	these	DT
37350	268	4	organs	organ	NNS
37350	268	5	in	in	IN
37350	268	6	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	268	7	may	may	MD
37350	268	8	be	be	VB
37350	268	9	correlated	correlate	VBN
37350	268	10	with	with	IN
37350	268	11	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	268	12	customary	customary	JJ
37350	268	13	restriction	restriction	NN
37350	268	14	to	to	TO
37350	268	15	subsurface	subsurface	VB
37350	268	16	habitats	habitat	NNS
37350	268	17	and	and	CC
37350	268	18	inability	inability	NN
37350	268	19	to	to	TO
37350	268	20	maintain	maintain	VB
37350	268	21	a	a	DT
37350	268	22	floating	floating	JJ
37350	268	23	position	position	NN
37350	268	24	while	while	IN
37350	268	25	in	in	IN
37350	268	26	water	water	NN
37350	268	27	.	.	.
37350	269	1	Some	some	DT
37350	269	2	light	light	NN
37350	269	3	may	may	MD
37350	269	4	be	be	VB
37350	269	5	shed	shed	VBN
37350	269	6	on	on	IN
37350	269	7	the	the	DT
37350	269	8	significance	significance	NN
37350	269	9	of	of	IN
37350	269	10	the	the	DT
37350	269	11	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	269	12	of	of	IN
37350	269	13	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	269	14	by	by	IN
37350	269	15	considering	consider	VBG
37350	269	16	the	the	DT
37350	269	17	early	early	JJ
37350	269	18	stages	stage	NNS
37350	269	19	of	of	IN
37350	269	20	the	the	DT
37350	269	21	ribbed	rib	VBN
37350	269	22	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	269	23	,	,	,
37350	269	24	Liopelmidae	Liopelmidae	NNP
37350	269	25	.	.	.
37350	270	1	_	_	NNP
37350	270	2	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	270	3	_	_	NNP
37350	270	4	and	and	CC
37350	270	5	_	_	NNP
37350	270	6	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	270	7	_	_	NNP
37350	270	8	are	be	VBP
37350	270	9	so	so	RB
37350	270	10	closely	closely	RB
37350	270	11	similar	similar	JJ
37350	270	12	in	in	IN
37350	270	13	the	the	DT
37350	270	14	adult	adult	NN
37350	270	15	that	that	IN
37350	270	16	there	there	EX
37350	270	17	is	be	VBZ
37350	270	18	no	no	DT
37350	270	19	doubt	doubt	NN
37350	270	20	that	that	IN
37350	270	21	they	-PRON-	PRP
37350	270	22	belong	belong	VBP
37350	270	23	in	in	IN
37350	270	24	one	one	CD
37350	270	25	family	family	NN
37350	270	26	,	,	,
37350	270	27	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	270	28	in	in	IN
37350	270	29	some	some	DT
37350	270	30	respects	respect	NNS
37350	270	31	(	(	-LRB-
37350	270	32	including	include	VBG
37350	270	33	articulated	articulate	VBN
37350	270	34	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	270	35	;	;	,
37350	270	36	pyriformis	pyriformis	NNP
37350	270	37	and	and	CC
37350	270	38	caudalipuboischiotibialis	caudalipuboischiotibialis	NNP
37350	270	39	muscles	muscle	NNS
37350	270	40	)	)	-RRB-
37350	270	41	but	but	CC
37350	270	42	not	not	RB
37350	270	43	in	in	IN
37350	270	44	others	other	NNS
37350	270	45	(	(	-LRB-
37350	270	46	absence	absence	NN
37350	270	47	of	of	IN
37350	270	48	tympanum	tympanum	NN
37350	270	49	and	and	CC
37350	270	50	middle	middle	JJ
37350	270	51	ear	ear	NN
37350	270	52	)	)	-RRB-
37350	270	53	.	.	.
37350	271	1	In	in	IN
37350	271	2	both	both	DT
37350	271	3	genera	genera	NN
37350	271	4	the	the	DT
37350	271	5	eggs	egg	NNS
37350	271	6	are	be	VBP
37350	271	7	large	large	JJ
37350	271	8	,	,	,
37350	271	9	5	5	CD
37350	271	10	mm	mm	CD
37350	271	11	.	.	.
37350	272	1	in	in	IN
37350	272	2	_	_	NNP
37350	272	3	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	272	4	_	_	NNP
37350	272	5	,	,	,
37350	272	6	4.5	4.5	CD
37350	272	7	mm	mm	CD
37350	272	8	.	.	.
37350	273	1	in	in	IN
37350	273	2	_	_	NNP
37350	273	3	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	273	4	_	_	NNP
37350	273	5	,	,	,
37350	273	6	and	and	CC
37350	273	7	unpigmented	unpigmented	JJ
37350	273	8	;	;	:
37350	273	9	but	but	CC
37350	273	10	at	at	IN
37350	273	11	this	this	DT
37350	273	12	point	point	NN
37350	273	13	the	the	DT
37350	273	14	resemblance	resemblance	NN
37350	273	15	ends	end	VBZ
37350	273	16	.	.	.
37350	274	1	[	[	-LRB-
37350	274	2	Illustration	illustration	NN
37350	274	3	:	:	:
37350	274	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
37350	274	5	.	.	.
37350	275	1	10	10	CD
37350	275	2	.	.	.
37350	276	1	_	_	NNP
37350	276	2	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	276	3	hochstetteri	hochstetteri	NN
37350	276	4	_	_	NNP
37350	276	5	larva	larva	NNP
37350	276	6	,	,	,
37350	276	7	lateral	lateral	JJ
37350	276	8	and	and	CC
37350	276	9	ventral	ventral	JJ
37350	276	10	(	(	-LRB-
37350	276	11	after	after	IN
37350	276	12	Stephenson	Stephenson	NNP
37350	276	13	,	,	,
37350	276	14	1955	1955	CD
37350	276	15	)	)	-RRB-
37350	276	16	,	,	,
37350	276	17	×4	×4	NFP
37350	276	18	.	.	.
37350	276	19	]	]	-RRB-
37350	277	1	Stephenson	Stephenson	NNP
37350	277	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	277	3	1955	1955	CD
37350	277	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	277	5	showed	show	VBD
37350	277	6	that	that	IN
37350	277	7	embryos	embryo	NNS
37350	277	8	of	of	IN
37350	277	9	_	_	NNP
37350	277	10	L.	L.	NNP
37350	278	1	hochstetteri	hochstetteri	NNP
37350	278	2	_	_	NNP
37350	278	3	develop	develop	VBP
37350	278	4	equally	equally	RB
37350	278	5	well	well	RB
37350	278	6	on	on	IN
37350	278	7	land	land	NN
37350	278	8	(	(	-LRB-
37350	278	9	in	in	IN
37350	278	10	damp	damp	JJ
37350	278	11	places	place	NNS
37350	278	12	)	)	-RRB-
37350	278	13	or	or	CC
37350	278	14	in	in	IN
37350	278	15	the	the	DT
37350	278	16	water	water	NN
37350	278	17	,	,	,
37350	278	18	and	and	CC
37350	278	19	that	that	IN
37350	278	20	embryos	embryo	NNS
37350	278	21	prematurely	prematurely	RB
37350	278	22	released	release	VBN
37350	278	23	from	from	IN
37350	278	24	egg	egg	NN
37350	278	25	capsules	capsule	NNS
37350	278	26	develop	develop	VBP
37350	278	27	successfully	successfully	RB
37350	278	28	in	in	IN
37350	278	29	the	the	DT
37350	278	30	water	water	NN
37350	278	31	.	.	.
37350	279	1	The	the	DT
37350	279	2	larvae	larvae	JJ
37350	279	3	possess	possess	VBP
37350	279	4	both	both	CC
37350	279	5	pairs	pair	NNS
37350	279	6	of	of	IN
37350	279	7	legs	leg	NNS
37350	279	8	(	(	-LRB-
37350	279	9	Fig	fig	NN
37350	279	10	.	.	.
37350	280	1	10	10	LS
37350	280	2	)	)	-RRB-
37350	280	3	and	and	CC
37350	280	4	a	a	DT
37350	280	5	broad	broad	JJ
37350	280	6	gular	gular	JJ
37350	280	7	fold	fold	RB
37350	280	8	similar	similar	JJ
37350	280	9	to	to	IN
37350	280	10	that	that	DT
37350	280	11	of	of	IN
37350	280	12	larval	larval	NN
37350	280	13	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	280	14	.	.	.
37350	281	1	In	in	IN
37350	281	2	_	_	NNP
37350	281	3	L.	L.	NNP
37350	282	1	hochstetteri	hochstetteri	NNP
37350	282	2	_	_	NNP
37350	282	3	the	the	DT
37350	282	4	fold	fold	NN
37350	282	5	grows	grow	VBZ
37350	282	6	back	back	RB
37350	282	7	over	over	IN
37350	282	8	the	the	DT
37350	282	9	forelegs	foreleg	NNS
37350	282	10	temporarily	temporarily	RB
37350	282	11	,	,	,
37350	282	12	but	but	CC
37350	282	13	remains	remain	VBZ
37350	282	14	free	free	JJ
37350	282	15	from	from	IN
37350	282	16	the	the	DT
37350	282	17	body	body	NN
37350	282	18	and	and	CC
37350	282	19	presently	presently	RB
37350	282	20	the	the	DT
37350	282	21	legs	leg	NNS
37350	282	22	reappear	reappear	NN
37350	282	23	,	,	,
37350	282	24	whereas	whereas	IN
37350	282	25	in	in	IN
37350	282	26	_	_	NNP
37350	282	27	L.	L.	NNP
37350	283	1	archeyi	archeyi	NNP
37350	283	2	_	_	NNP
37350	283	3	the	the	DT
37350	283	4	forelegs	foreleg	NNS
37350	283	5	are	be	VBP
37350	283	6	not	not	RB
37350	283	7	covered	cover	VBN
37350	283	8	at	at	IN
37350	283	9	any	any	DT
37350	283	10	time	time	NN
37350	283	11	.	.	.
37350	284	1	No	no	DT
37350	284	2	branchial	branchial	JJ
37350	284	3	chamber	chamber	NN
37350	284	4	or	or	CC
37350	284	5	spiracle	spiracle	NNP
37350	284	6	is	be	VBZ
37350	284	7	formed	form	VBN
37350	284	8	.	.	.
37350	285	1	Of	of	RB
37350	285	2	course	course	RB
37350	285	3	direct	direct	JJ
37350	285	4	development	development	NN
37350	285	5	,	,	,
37350	285	6	without	without	IN
37350	285	7	a	a	DT
37350	285	8	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	285	9	,	,	,
37350	285	10	occurs	occur	VBZ
37350	285	11	in	in	IN
37350	285	12	several	several	JJ
37350	285	13	other	other	JJ
37350	285	14	groups	group	NNS
37350	285	15	of	of	IN
37350	285	16	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	285	17	,	,	,
37350	285	18	but	but	CC
37350	285	19	in	in	IN
37350	285	20	each	each	DT
37350	285	21	case	case	NN
37350	285	22	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	285	23	adaptations	adaptation	NNS
37350	285	24	are	be	VBP
37350	285	25	obvious	obvious	JJ
37350	285	26	.	.	.
37350	286	1	This	this	DT
37350	286	2	is	be	VBZ
37350	286	3	not	not	RB
37350	286	4	true	true	JJ
37350	286	5	of	of	IN
37350	286	6	_	_	NNP
37350	286	7	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	286	8	_	_	NNP
37350	286	9	,	,	,
37350	286	10	which	which	WDT
37350	286	11	Stephenson	Stephenson	NNP
37350	286	12	regards	regard	VBZ
37350	286	13	as	as	IN
37350	286	14	more	more	RBR
37350	286	15	nearly	nearly	RB
37350	286	16	comparable	comparable	JJ
37350	286	17	with	with	IN
37350	286	18	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	286	19	in	in	IN
37350	286	20	its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	286	21	development	development	NN
37350	286	22	than	than	IN
37350	286	23	with	with	IN
37350	286	24	other	other	JJ
37350	286	25	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	286	26	,	,	,
37350	286	27	and	and	CC
37350	286	28	he	-PRON-	PRP
37350	286	29	sees	see	VBZ
37350	286	30	in	in	IN
37350	286	31	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	286	32	a	a	DT
37350	286	33	"	"	``
37350	286	34	primary	primary	JJ
37350	286	35	and	and	CC
37350	286	36	amphibious	amphibious	JJ
37350	286	37	"	"	''
37350	286	38	mode	mode	NN
37350	286	39	instead	instead	RB
37350	286	40	of	of	IN
37350	286	41	a	a	DT
37350	286	42	terrestrial	terrestrial	JJ
37350	286	43	specialization	specialization	NN
37350	286	44	.	.	.
37350	287	1	The	the	DT
37350	287	2	_	_	NNP
37350	287	3	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	287	4	_	_	NNP
37350	287	5	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	287	6	bears	bear	VBZ
37350	287	7	no	no	DT
37350	287	8	outward	outward	JJ
37350	287	9	resemblance	resemblance	NN
37350	287	10	to	to	IN
37350	287	11	the	the	DT
37350	287	12	larva	larva	NN
37350	287	13	of	of	IN
37350	287	14	_	_	NNP
37350	287	15	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	287	16	_	_	NNP
37350	287	17	,	,	,
37350	287	18	but	but	CC
37350	287	19	is	be	VBZ
37350	287	20	a	a	DT
37350	287	21	normal	normal	JJ
37350	287	22	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	287	23	in	in	IN
37350	287	24	form	form	NN
37350	287	25	,	,	,
37350	287	26	although	although	IN
37350	287	27	sluggish	sluggish	JJ
37350	287	28	in	in	IN
37350	287	29	activity	activity	NN
37350	287	30	.	.	.
37350	288	1	Its	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	288	2	greatly	greatly	RB
37350	288	3	expanded	expand	VBD
37350	288	4	labial	labial	JJ
37350	288	5	folds	fold	NNS
37350	288	6	bear	bear	VBP
37350	288	7	numerous	numerous	JJ
37350	288	8	rows	row	NNS
37350	288	9	of	of	IN
37350	288	10	horny	horny	NN
37350	288	11	epidermal	epidermal	JJ
37350	288	12	"	"	''
37350	288	13	teeth	tooth	NNS
37350	288	14	,	,	,
37350	288	15	"	"	''
37350	288	16	which	which	WDT
37350	288	17	,	,	,
37350	288	18	with	with	IN
37350	288	19	the	the	DT
37350	288	20	lips	lip	NNS
37350	288	21	,	,	,
37350	288	22	serve	serve	VB
37350	288	23	to	to	TO
37350	288	24	anchor	anchor	VB
37350	288	25	the	the	DT
37350	288	26	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	288	27	to	to	IN
37350	288	28	stones	stone	NNS
37350	288	29	in	in	IN
37350	288	30	the	the	DT
37350	288	31	swift	swift	JJ
37350	288	32	water	water	NN
37350	288	33	of	of	IN
37350	288	34	mountain	mountain	NNP
37350	288	35	brooks	brook	NNS
37350	288	36	.	.	.
37350	289	1	Noble	Noble	NNP
37350	289	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	289	3	1927	1927	CD
37350	289	4	)	)	-RRB-
37350	289	5	noticed	notice	VBD
37350	289	6	that	that	IN
37350	289	7	particles	particle	NNS
37350	289	8	of	of	IN
37350	289	9	food	food	NN
37350	289	10	were	be	VBD
37350	289	11	taken	take	VBN
37350	289	12	in	in	RP
37350	289	13	through	through	IN
37350	289	14	the	the	DT
37350	289	15	external	external	JJ
37350	289	16	nares	naris	NNS
37350	289	17	,	,	,
37350	289	18	and	and	CC
37350	289	19	that	that	IN
37350	289	20	a	a	DT
37350	289	21	current	current	NN
37350	289	22	of	of	IN
37350	289	23	water	water	NN
37350	289	24	passed	pass	VBN
37350	289	25	through	through	IN
37350	289	26	these	these	DT
37350	289	27	openings	opening	NNS
37350	289	28	and	and	CC
37350	289	29	out	out	RB
37350	289	30	by	by	IN
37350	289	31	way	way	NN
37350	289	32	of	of	IN
37350	289	33	the	the	DT
37350	289	34	median	median	JJ
37350	289	35	spiracle	spiracle	NNP
37350	289	36	.	.	.
37350	290	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
37350	290	2	appears	appear	VBZ
37350	290	3	that	that	IN
37350	290	4	any	any	DT
37350	290	5	action	action	NN
37350	290	6	by	by	IN
37350	290	7	the	the	DT
37350	290	8	teeth	tooth	NNS
37350	290	9	and	and	CC
37350	290	10	jaws	jaw	NNS
37350	290	11	in	in	IN
37350	290	12	scraping	scrape	VBG
37350	290	13	algae	algae	NN
37350	290	14	from	from	IN
37350	290	15	the	the	DT
37350	290	16	rocks	rock	NNS
37350	290	17	(	(	-LRB-
37350	290	18	which	which	WDT
37350	290	19	were	be	VBD
37350	290	20	bare	bare	JJ
37350	290	21	in	in	IN
37350	290	22	the	the	DT
37350	290	23	stream	stream	NN
37350	290	24	where	where	WRB
37350	290	25	I	-PRON-	PRP
37350	290	26	have	have	VBP
37350	290	27	collected	collect	VBN
37350	290	28	_	_	NNP
37350	290	29	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	290	30	_	_	NNP
37350	290	31	)	)	-RRB-
37350	290	32	would	would	MD
37350	290	33	be	be	VB
37350	290	34	quite	quite	RB
37350	290	35	incidental	incidental	JJ
37350	290	36	,	,	,
37350	290	37	and	and	CC
37350	290	38	that	that	IN
37350	290	39	the	the	DT
37350	290	40	lips	lip	NNS
37350	290	41	and	and	CC
37350	290	42	teeth	tooth	NNS
37350	290	43	must	must	MD
37350	290	44	be	be	VB
37350	290	45	primarily	primarily	RB
37350	290	46	a	a	DT
37350	290	47	clinging	cling	VBG
37350	290	48	mechanism	mechanism	NN
37350	290	49	.	.	.
37350	291	1	Certain	certain	JJ
37350	291	2	other	other	JJ
37350	291	3	mountain	mountain	NN
37350	291	4	brook	brook	NN
37350	291	5	tadpoles	tadpole	NNS
37350	291	6	(	(	-LRB-
37350	291	7	for	for	IN
37350	291	8	example	example	NN
37350	291	9	,	,	,
37350	291	10	_	_	NNP
37350	291	11	Borborocoetes	Borborocoetes	NNP
37350	291	12	_	_	NNP
37350	291	13	)	)	-RRB-
37350	291	14	show	show	VBP
37350	291	15	similar	similar	JJ
37350	291	16	devices	device	NNS
37350	291	17	,	,	,
37350	291	18	but	but	CC
37350	291	19	these	these	DT
37350	291	20	are	be	VBP
37350	291	21	developed	develop	VBN
37350	291	22	independently	independently	RB
37350	291	23	,	,	,
37350	291	24	as	as	IN
37350	291	25	specializations	specialization	NNS
37350	291	26	from	from	IN
37350	291	27	the	the	DT
37350	291	28	usual	usual	JJ
37350	291	29	sort	sort	NN
37350	291	30	of	of	IN
37350	291	31	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	291	32	.	.	.
37350	292	1	May	May	MD
37350	292	2	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	292	3	not	not	RB
37350	292	4	be	be	VB
37350	292	5	that	that	IN
37350	292	6	closure	closure	NN
37350	292	7	of	of	IN
37350	292	8	the	the	DT
37350	292	9	gill	gill	JJ
37350	292	10	-	-	HYPH
37350	292	11	chamber	chamber	NN
37350	292	12	by	by	IN
37350	292	13	the	the	DT
37350	292	14	opercular	opercular	NNP
37350	292	15	(	(	-LRB-
37350	292	16	=	=	SYM
37350	292	17	gular	gular	JJ
37350	292	18	)	)	-RRB-
37350	292	19	fold	fold	RB
37350	292	20	,	,	,
37350	292	21	retardation	retardation	NN
37350	292	22	of	of	IN
37350	292	23	limb	limb	NN
37350	292	24	development	development	NN
37350	292	25	,	,	,
37350	292	26	expansion	expansion	NN
37350	292	27	of	of	IN
37350	292	28	the	the	DT
37350	292	29	lips	lip	NNS
37350	292	30	,	,	,
37350	292	31	growth	growth	NN
37350	292	32	of	of	IN
37350	292	33	parallel	parallel	JJ
37350	292	34	rows	row	NNS
37350	292	35	of	of	IN
37350	292	36	horny	horny	NN
37350	292	37	teeth	tooth	NNS
37350	292	38	,	,	,
37350	292	39	and	and	CC
37350	292	40	other	other	JJ
37350	292	41	correlated	correlate	VBD
37350	292	42	features	feature	NNS
37350	292	43	that	that	WDT
37350	292	44	make	make	VBP
37350	292	45	a	a	DT
37350	292	46	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	292	47	,	,	,
37350	292	48	were	be	VBD
37350	292	49	brought	bring	VBN
37350	292	50	about	about	RP
37350	292	51	as	as	IN
37350	292	52	an	an	DT
37350	292	53	adaptation	adaptation	NN
37350	292	54	of	of	IN
37350	292	55	the	the	DT
37350	292	56	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	292	57	Anuran	Anuran	NNP
37350	292	58	larva	larva	VBZ
37350	292	59	to	to	IN
37350	292	60	a	a	DT
37350	292	61	swift	swift	JJ
37350	292	62	-	-	HYPH
37350	292	63	stream	stream	NN
37350	292	64	habitat	habitat	NN
37350	292	65	,	,	,
37350	292	66	and	and	CC
37350	292	67	that	that	IN
37350	292	68	this	this	DT
37350	292	69	"	"	``
37350	292	70	basic	basic	JJ
37350	292	71	patent	patent	NN
37350	292	72	"	"	''
37350	292	73	then	then	RB
37350	292	74	later	later	RB
37350	292	75	served	serve	VBD
37350	292	76	to	to	TO
37350	292	77	admit	admit	VB
37350	292	78	the	the	DT
37350	292	79	tadpoles	tadpole	NNS
37350	292	80	of	of	IN
37350	292	81	descendant	descendant	JJ
37350	292	82	types	type	NNS
37350	292	83	to	to	IN
37350	292	84	an	an	DT
37350	292	85	alga	alga	RB
37350	292	86	-	-	HYPH
37350	292	87	scraping	scrape	VBG
37350	292	88	habit	habit	NN
37350	292	89	in	in	IN
37350	292	90	quiet	quiet	JJ
37350	292	91	water	water	NN
37350	292	92	as	as	RB
37350	292	93	well	well	RB
37350	292	94	?	?	.
37350	293	1	The	the	DT
37350	293	2	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	293	3	,	,	,
37350	293	4	as	as	IN
37350	293	5	a	a	DT
37350	293	6	unique	unique	JJ
37350	293	7	larval	larval	NN
37350	293	8	type	type	NN
37350	293	9	among	among	IN
37350	293	10	vertebrates	vertebrate	NNS
37350	293	11	,	,	,
37350	293	12	bears	bear	VBZ
37350	293	13	the	the	DT
37350	293	14	hallmarks	hallmark	NNS
37350	293	15	of	of	IN
37350	293	16	an	an	DT
37350	293	17	abrupt	abrupt	JJ
37350	293	18	adaptive	adaptive	JJ
37350	293	19	shift	shift	NN
37350	293	20	,	,	,
37350	293	21	such	such	JJ
37350	293	22	as	as	IN
37350	293	23	might	may	MD
37350	293	24	have	have	VB
37350	293	25	occurred	occur	VBN
37350	293	26	within	within	IN
37350	293	27	the	the	DT
37350	293	28	limits	limit	NNS
37350	293	29	of	of	IN
37350	293	30	a	a	DT
37350	293	31	single	single	JJ
37350	293	32	family	family	NN
37350	293	33	,	,	,
37350	293	34	and	and	CC
37350	293	35	it	-PRON-	PRP
37350	293	36	seems	seem	VBZ
37350	293	37	difficult	difficult	JJ
37350	293	38	to	to	TO
37350	293	39	imagine	imagine	VB
37350	293	40	the	the	DT
37350	293	41	enclosed	enclose	VBN
37350	293	42	branchial	branchial	NNP
37350	293	43	chamber	chamber	NN
37350	293	44	,	,	,
37350	293	45	the	the	DT
37350	293	46	tooth	tooth	NN
37350	293	47	-	-	HYPH
37350	293	48	rows	row	NNS
37350	293	49	,	,	,
37350	293	50	and	and	CC
37350	293	51	lips	lip	NNS
37350	293	52	of	of	IN
37350	293	53	a	a	DT
37350	293	54	familiar	familiar	JJ
37350	293	55	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	293	56	as	as	IN
37350	293	57	having	have	VBG
37350	293	58	evolved	evolve	VBN
37350	293	59	without	without	IN
37350	293	60	some	some	DT
37350	293	61	kind	kind	NN
37350	293	62	of	of	IN
37350	293	63	suctorial	suctorial	JJ
37350	293	64	function	function	NN
37350	293	65	along	along	IN
37350	293	66	the	the	DT
37350	293	67	way	way	NN
37350	293	68	.	.	.
37350	294	1	SUMMARY	SUMMARY	NNP
37350	294	2	The	the	DT
37350	294	3	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	294	4	probably	probably	RB
37350	294	5	originated	originate	VBD
37350	294	6	among	among	IN
37350	294	7	temnospondylous	temnospondylous	JJ
37350	294	8	labyrinthodonts	labyrinthodont	NNS
37350	294	9	,	,	,
37350	294	10	through	through	IN
37350	294	11	a	a	DT
37350	294	12	line	line	NN
37350	294	13	represented	represent	VBN
37350	294	14	approximately	approximately	RB
37350	294	15	by	by	IN
37350	294	16	_	_	NNP
37350	294	17	Eugyrinus	Eugyrinus	NNP
37350	294	18	_	_	NNP
37350	294	19	,	,	,
37350	294	20	_	_	NNP
37350	294	21	Amphibamus	Amphibamus	NNP
37350	294	22	_	_	NNP
37350	294	23	,	,	,
37350	294	24	and	and	CC
37350	294	25	the	the	DT
37350	294	26	Triassic	Triassic	NNP
37350	294	27	frog	frog	NN
37350	294	28	_	_	NNP
37350	294	29	Protobatrachus	Protobatrachus	NNP
37350	294	30	_	_	NNP
37350	294	31	,	,	,
37350	294	32	as	as	IN
37350	294	33	shown	show	VBN
37350	294	34	by	by	IN
37350	294	35	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	294	36	,	,	,
37350	294	37	Piveteau	Piveteau	NNP
37350	294	38	and	and	CC
37350	294	39	others	other	NNS
37350	294	40	.	.	.
37350	295	1	The	the	DT
37350	295	2	known	known	JJ
37350	295	3	Paleozoic	Paleozoic	NNP
37350	295	4	lepospondyls	lepospondyls	NN
37350	295	5	do	do	VBP
37350	295	6	not	not	RB
37350	295	7	show	show	VB
37350	295	8	clear	clear	JJ
37350	295	9	indications	indication	NNS
37350	295	10	of	of	IN
37350	295	11	a	a	DT
37350	295	12	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	295	13	with	with	IN
37350	295	14	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	295	15	,	,	,
37350	295	16	but	but	CC
37350	295	17	_	_	NNP
37350	295	18	Lysorophus	Lysorophus	NNP
37350	295	19	_	_	NNP
37350	295	20	may	may	MD
37350	295	21	well	well	RB
37350	295	22	be	be	VB
37350	295	23	on	on	IN
37350	295	24	the	the	DT
37350	295	25	ancestral	ancestral	JJ
37350	295	26	stem	stem	NN
37350	295	27	of	of	IN
37350	295	28	the	the	DT
37350	295	29	Apoda	Apoda	NNP
37350	295	30	.	.	.
37350	296	1	Between	between	IN
37350	296	2	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	296	3	and	and	CC
37350	296	4	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	296	5	there	there	EX
37350	296	6	are	be	VBP
37350	296	7	numerous	numerous	JJ
37350	296	8	resemblances	resemblance	NNS
37350	296	9	which	which	WDT
37350	296	10	seem	seem	VBP
37350	296	11	to	to	TO
37350	296	12	indicate	indicate	VB
37350	296	13	direct	direct	JJ
37350	296	14	relationship	relationship	NN
37350	296	15	through	through	IN
37350	296	16	a	a	DT
37350	296	17	common	common	JJ
37350	296	18	stock	stock	NN
37350	296	19	:	:	:
37350	296	20	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	21	1	1	LS
37350	296	22	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	23	a	a	DT
37350	296	24	similar	similar	JJ
37350	296	25	reduction	reduction	NN
37350	296	26	of	of	IN
37350	296	27	dermal	dermal	JJ
37350	296	28	bones	bone	NNS
37350	296	29	of	of	IN
37350	296	30	the	the	DT
37350	296	31	skull	skull	NN
37350	296	32	and	and	CC
37350	296	33	expansion	expansion	NN
37350	296	34	of	of	IN
37350	296	35	palatal	palatal	JJ
37350	296	36	vacuities	vacuity	NNS
37350	296	37	;	;	,
37350	296	38	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	39	2	2	LS
37350	296	40	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	41	movable	movable	JJ
37350	296	42	basipterygoid	basipterygoid	JJ
37350	296	43	articulation	articulation	NN
37350	296	44	in	in	IN
37350	296	45	primitive	primitive	JJ
37350	296	46	members	member	NNS
37350	296	47	of	of	IN
37350	296	48	both	both	DT
37350	296	49	orders	order	NNS
37350	296	50	;	;	:
37350	296	51	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	52	3	3	LS
37350	296	53	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	54	an	an	DT
37350	296	55	operculum	operculum	NN
37350	296	56	formed	form	VBN
37350	296	57	in	in	IN
37350	296	58	the	the	DT
37350	296	59	otic	otic	JJ
37350	296	60	capsule	capsule	NN
37350	296	61	,	,	,
37350	296	62	with	with	IN
37350	296	63	opercularis	opercularis	JJ
37350	296	64	muscle	muscle	NN
37350	296	65	;	;	,
37350	296	66	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	67	4	4	LS
37350	296	68	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	69	many	many	JJ
37350	296	70	details	detail	NNS
37350	296	71	of	of	IN
37350	296	72	cranial	cranial	JJ
37350	296	73	development	development	NN
37350	296	74	,	,	,
37350	296	75	cranial	cranial	JJ
37350	296	76	muscles	muscle	NNS
37350	296	77	,	,	,
37350	296	78	and	and	CC
37350	296	79	thigh	thigh	NN
37350	296	80	muscles	muscle	NNS
37350	296	81	,	,	,
37350	296	82	especially	especially	RB
37350	296	83	between	between	IN
37350	296	84	_	_	NNP
37350	296	85	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	296	86	_	_	NNP
37350	296	87	and	and	CC
37350	296	88	the	the	DT
37350	296	89	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	296	90	,	,	,
37350	296	91	as	as	IN
37350	296	92	shown	show	VBN
37350	296	93	by	by	IN
37350	296	94	Pusey	Pusey	NNP
37350	296	95	and	and	CC
37350	296	96	Noble	Noble	NNP
37350	296	97	;	;	:
37350	296	98	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	99	5	5	LS
37350	296	100	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	101	essentially	essentially	RB
37350	296	102	similar	similar	JJ
37350	296	103	manner	manner	NN
37350	296	104	of	of	IN
37350	296	105	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	296	106	development	development	NN
37350	296	107	,	,	,
37350	296	108	quite	quite	RB
37350	296	109	consistent	consistent	JJ
37350	296	110	with	with	IN
37350	296	111	derivation	derivation	NN
37350	296	112	of	of	IN
37350	296	113	both	both	DT
37350	296	114	orders	order	NNS
37350	296	115	from	from	IN
37350	296	116	Temnospondyli	Temnospondyli	NNP
37350	296	117	;	;	:
37350	296	118	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	119	6	6	LS
37350	296	120	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	121	presence	presence	NN
37350	296	122	in	in	IN
37350	296	123	the	the	DT
37350	296	124	larva	larva	NN
37350	296	125	of	of	IN
37350	296	126	_	_	NNP
37350	296	127	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	296	128	_	_	NNP
37350	296	129	of	of	IN
37350	296	130	a	a	DT
37350	296	131	salamander	salamander	JJ
37350	296	132	-	-	HYPH
37350	296	133	like	like	JJ
37350	296	134	gular	gular	JJ
37350	296	135	fold	fold	NNP
37350	296	136	,	,	,
37350	296	137	four	four	CD
37350	296	138	limbs	limb	NNS
37350	296	139	,	,	,
37350	296	140	and	and	CC
37350	296	141	no	no	DT
37350	296	142	suggestion	suggestion	NN
37350	296	143	of	of	IN
37350	296	144	modification	modification	NN
37350	296	145	from	from	IN
37350	296	146	a	a	DT
37350	296	147	tadpole	tadpole	NN
37350	296	148	(	(	-LRB-
37350	296	149	Stephenson	Stephenson	NNP
37350	296	150	)	)	-RRB-
37350	296	151	.	.	.
37350	297	1	LITERATURE	LITERATURE	NNP
37350	297	2	CITED	cite	VBD
37350	297	3	Broom	Broom	NNP
37350	297	4	,	,	,
37350	297	5	R.	R.	NNP
37350	297	6	1918	1918	CD
37350	297	7	.	.	.
37350	298	1	Observations	observation	NNS
37350	298	2	on	on	IN
37350	298	3	the	the	DT
37350	298	4	genus	genus	NN
37350	298	5	_	_	NNP
37350	298	6	Lysorophus	Lysorophus	NNP
37350	298	7	_	_	NNP
37350	298	8	Cope	Cope	NNP
37350	298	9	.	.	.
37350	299	1	Ann	Ann	NNP
37350	299	2	.	.	.
37350	300	1	Mag	mag	JJ
37350	300	2	.	.	.
37350	301	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
37350	301	2	.	.	.
37350	302	1	Hist	Hist	NNP
37350	302	2	.	.	.
37350	302	3	,	,	,
37350	302	4	(	(	-LRB-
37350	302	5	9)2:232	9)2:232	CD
37350	302	6	-	-	HYPH
37350	302	7	239	239	CD
37350	302	8	.	.	.
37350	303	1	Bystrow	Bystrow	NNP
37350	303	2	,	,	,
37350	303	3	A.	a.	NN
37350	303	4	P.	P.	NNP
37350	303	5	1938	1938	CD
37350	303	6	.	.	.
37350	304	1	Dvinosaurus	dvinosaurus	JJ
37350	304	2	als	als	NN
37350	304	3	neotenische	neotenische	NN
37350	304	4	Form	Form	NNP
37350	304	5	der	der	NN
37350	304	6	Stegocephalen	Stegocephalen	NNP
37350	304	7	.	.	.
37350	305	1	Acta	Acta	NNP
37350	305	2	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	305	3	.	.	NNP
37350	305	4	,	,	,
37350	305	5	19:209	19:209	CD
37350	305	6	-	-	SYM
37350	305	7	295	295	CD
37350	305	8	.	.	.
37350	306	1	Case	case	NN
37350	306	2	,	,	,
37350	306	3	E.	E.	NNP
37350	306	4	C.	C.	NNP
37350	306	5	1935	1935	CD
37350	306	6	.	.	.
37350	307	1	Description	description	NN
37350	307	2	of	of	IN
37350	307	3	a	a	DT
37350	307	4	collection	collection	NN
37350	307	5	of	of	IN
37350	307	6	associated	associate	VBN
37350	307	7	skeletons	skeleton	NNS
37350	307	8	of	of	IN
37350	307	9	_	_	NNP
37350	307	10	Trimerorhachis	Trimerorhachis	NNP
37350	307	11	_	_	NNP
37350	307	12	.	.	.
37350	308	1	Contrib	Contrib	NNP
37350	308	2	.	.	.
37350	309	1	Mus	mus	NN
37350	309	2	.	.	.
37350	310	1	Pal	Pal	NNP
37350	310	2	.	.	.
37350	311	1	Univ	Univ	NNP
37350	311	2	.	.	.
37350	312	1	Michigan	Michigan	NNP
37350	312	2	,	,	,
37350	312	3	4:227	4:227	CD
37350	312	4	-	-	SYM
37350	312	5	274	274	CD
37350	312	6	.	.	.
37350	313	1	Cope	cope	VB
37350	313	2	,	,	,
37350	313	3	E.	E.	NNP
37350	313	4	D.	D.	NNP
37350	313	5	1889	1889	CD
37350	313	6	.	.	.
37350	314	1	The	the	DT
37350	314	2	Batrachia	Batrachia	NNP
37350	314	3	of	of	IN
37350	314	4	North	North	NNP
37350	314	5	America	America	NNP
37350	314	6	.	.	.
37350	315	1	Bull	Bull	NNP
37350	315	2	.	.	.
37350	316	1	U.	U.	NNP
37350	316	2	S.	S.	NNP
37350	316	3	Nat	Nat	NNP
37350	316	4	.	.	.
37350	317	1	Mus	Mus	NNP
37350	317	2	.	.	.
37350	317	3	,	,	,
37350	317	4	34:1	34:1	CD
37350	317	5	-	-	SYM
37350	317	6	525	525	CD
37350	317	7	.	.	.
37350	317	8	de	de	NNP
37350	317	9	Beer	Beer	NNP
37350	317	10	,	,	,
37350	317	11	G.	G.	NNP
37350	317	12	R.	R.	NNP
37350	317	13	1937	1937	CD
37350	317	14	.	.	.
37350	318	1	The	the	DT
37350	318	2	development	development	NN
37350	318	3	of	of	IN
37350	318	4	the	the	DT
37350	318	5	vertebrate	vertebrate	NN
37350	318	6	skull	skull	NN
37350	318	7	.	.	.
37350	319	1	Pp	Pp	NNP
37350	319	2	.	.	.
37350	320	1	xxiii	xxiii	NN
37350	320	2	+	+	CC
37350	320	3	552	552	CD
37350	320	4	.	.	.
37350	321	1	Oxford	Oxford	NNP
37350	321	2	,	,	,
37350	321	3	Clarendon	Clarendon	NNP
37350	321	4	Press	Press	NNP
37350	321	5	.	.	.
37350	322	1	de	de	NNP
37350	322	2	Villiers	Villiers	NNP
37350	322	3	,	,	,
37350	322	4	C.	C.	NNP
37350	322	5	G.	G.	NNP
37350	322	6	S.	S.	NNP
37350	322	7	1934	1934	CD
37350	322	8	.	.	.
37350	323	1	Studies	study	NNS
37350	323	2	of	of	IN
37350	323	3	the	the	DT
37350	323	4	cranial	cranial	JJ
37350	323	5	anatomy	anatomy	NN
37350	323	6	of	of	IN
37350	323	7	_	_	NNP
37350	323	8	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	323	9	truei	truei	NN
37350	323	10	_	_	NNP
37350	323	11	Stejneger	Stejneger	NNP
37350	323	12	,	,	,
37350	323	13	the	the	DT
37350	323	14	American	american	JJ
37350	323	15	"	"	``
37350	323	16	Liopelmid	Liopelmid	NNP
37350	323	17	.	.	.
37350	323	18	"	"	''
37350	324	1	Bull	Bull	NNP
37350	324	2	.	.	.
37350	325	1	Mus	mus	NN
37350	325	2	.	.	.
37350	326	1	Comp	Comp	NNP
37350	326	2	.	.	.
37350	327	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	327	2	.	.	NNP
37350	327	3	,	,	,
37350	327	4	77:1	77:1	CD
37350	327	5	-	-	SYM
37350	327	6	38	38	CD
37350	327	7	.	.	.
37350	328	1	Emelianov	Emelianov	NNP
37350	328	2	,	,	,
37350	328	3	S.	S.	NNP
37350	328	4	W.	W.	NNP
37350	328	5	1936	1936	CD
37350	328	6	.	.	.
37350	329	1	Die	Die	NNP
37350	329	2	Morphologie	Morphologie	NNP
37350	329	3	der	der	VB
37350	329	4	Tetrapodenrippen	Tetrapodenrippen	NNP
37350	329	5	.	.	.
37350	330	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	330	2	.	.	.
37350	331	1	Jahrb	Jahrb	NNP
37350	331	2	.	.	.
37350	332	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	332	2	Anat	Anat	NNP
37350	332	3	.	.	.
37350	333	1	)	)	-RRB-
37350	333	2	,	,	,
37350	333	3	62:173	62:173	CD
37350	333	4	-	-	SYM
37350	333	5	274	274	CD
37350	333	6	.	.	.
37350	334	1	Francis	Francis	NNP
37350	334	2	,	,	,
37350	334	3	E.	E.	NNP
37350	334	4	T.	T.	NNP
37350	334	5	B.	B.	NNP
37350	335	1	1934	1934	CD
37350	335	2	.	.	.
37350	336	1	The	the	DT
37350	336	2	anatomy	anatomy	NN
37350	336	3	of	of	IN
37350	336	4	the	the	DT
37350	336	5	salamander	salamander	JJ
37350	336	6	.	.	.
37350	337	1	Pp	Pp	NNP
37350	337	2	.	.	.
37350	338	1	xxxi	xxxi	NNP
37350	338	2	+	+	CC
37350	338	3	381	381	CD
37350	338	4	.	.	.
37350	339	1	Oxford	Oxford	NNP
37350	339	2	,	,	,
37350	339	3	Clarendon	Clarendon	NNP
37350	339	4	Press	Press	NNP
37350	339	5	.	.	.
37350	340	1	Gamble	Gamble	NNP
37350	340	2	,	,	,
37350	340	3	D.	D.	NNP
37350	340	4	L.	L.	NNP
37350	340	5	1922	1922	CD
37350	340	6	.	.	.
37350	341	1	The	the	DT
37350	341	2	morphology	morphology	NN
37350	341	3	of	of	IN
37350	341	4	the	the	DT
37350	341	5	ribs	rib	NNS
37350	341	6	and	and	CC
37350	341	7	the	the	DT
37350	341	8	transverse	transverse	JJ
37350	341	9	processes	process	NNS
37350	341	10	of	of	IN
37350	341	11	_	_	NNP
37350	341	12	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	341	13	maculatus	maculatus	NN
37350	341	14	_	_	NNP
37350	341	15	.	.	.
37350	342	1	Jour	Jour	NNP
37350	342	2	.	.	.
37350	343	1	Morph	Morph	NNP
37350	343	2	.	.	NNP
37350	343	3	,	,	,
37350	343	4	36:537	36:537	CD
37350	343	5	-	-	SYM
37350	343	6	566	566	CD
37350	343	7	.	.	.
37350	344	1	Gray	Gray	NNP
37350	344	2	,	,	,
37350	344	3	P.	P.	NNP
37350	344	4	1930	1930	CD
37350	344	5	.	.	.
37350	345	1	On	on	IN
37350	345	2	the	the	DT
37350	345	3	attachments	attachment	NNS
37350	345	4	of	of	IN
37350	345	5	the	the	DT
37350	345	6	Urodele	Urodele	NNP
37350	345	7	rib	rib	NN
37350	345	8	to	to	IN
37350	345	9	the	the	DT
37350	345	10	vertebra	vertebra	NNS
37350	345	11	and	and	CC
37350	345	12	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	345	13	homologies	homology	NNS
37350	345	14	with	with	IN
37350	345	15	the	the	DT
37350	345	16	capitulum	capitulum	NN
37350	345	17	and	and	CC
37350	345	18	tuberculum	tuberculum	NN
37350	345	19	of	of	IN
37350	345	20	the	the	DT
37350	345	21	Amniote	Amniote	NNP
37350	345	22	rib	rib	NN
37350	345	23	.	.	.
37350	346	1	Proc	Proc	NNP
37350	346	2	.	.	.
37350	347	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	347	2	.	.	.
37350	348	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
37350	348	2	.	.	.
37350	349	1	London	London	NNP
37350	349	2	,	,	,
37350	349	3	1930(1931):907	1930(1931):907	CD
37350	349	4	-	-	SYM
37350	349	5	911	911	CD
37350	349	6	.	.	.
37350	350	1	Gregory	Gregory	NNP
37350	350	2	,	,	,
37350	350	3	J.	J.	NNP
37350	350	4	T.	T.	NNP
37350	350	5	1950	1950	CD
37350	350	6	.	.	.
37350	351	1	Tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	351	2	from	from	IN
37350	351	3	the	the	DT
37350	351	4	Pennsylvanian	pennsylvanian	JJ
37350	351	5	nodules	nodule	NNS
37350	351	6	from	from	IN
37350	351	7	Mazon	Mazon	NNP
37350	351	8	Creek	Creek	NNP
37350	351	9	,	,	,
37350	351	10	Illinois	Illinois	NNP
37350	351	11	.	.	.
37350	352	1	Am	Am	NNP
37350	352	2	.	.	.
37350	353	1	Jour	Jour	NNP
37350	353	2	.	.	.
37350	354	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
37350	354	2	.	.	NNP
37350	354	3	,	,	,
37350	354	4	248:833	248:833	CD
37350	354	5	-	-	SYM
37350	354	6	873	873	CD
37350	354	7	.	.	.
37350	355	1	Hecht	Hecht	NNP
37350	355	2	,	,	,
37350	355	3	M.	M.	NNP
37350	355	4	E.	E.	NNP
37350	355	5	1957	1957	CD
37350	355	6	.	.	.
37350	356	1	A	a	DT
37350	356	2	case	case	NN
37350	356	3	of	of	IN
37350	356	4	parallel	parallel	JJ
37350	356	5	evolution	evolution	NN
37350	356	6	in	in	IN
37350	356	7	salamanders	salamander	NNS
37350	356	8	.	.	.
37350	357	1	Proc	Proc	NNP
37350	357	2	.	.	.
37350	358	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	358	2	.	.	.
37350	359	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
37350	359	2	.	.	.
37350	360	1	Calcutta	Calcutta	NNP
37350	360	2	,	,	,
37350	360	3	Mookerjee	Mookerjee	NNP
37350	360	4	Mem.:283	Mem.:283	NNP
37350	360	5	-	-	HYPH
37350	360	6	292	292	CD
37350	360	7	.	.	.
37350	361	1	Holmgren	Holmgren	NNP
37350	361	2	,	,	,
37350	361	3	N.	N.	NNP
37350	361	4	1933	1933	CD
37350	361	5	.	.	.
37350	362	1	On	on	IN
37350	362	2	the	the	DT
37350	362	3	origin	origin	NN
37350	362	4	of	of	IN
37350	362	5	the	the	DT
37350	362	6	tetrapod	tetrapod	NNP
37350	362	7	limb	limb	NN
37350	362	8	.	.	.
37350	363	1	Acta	Acta	NNP
37350	363	2	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	363	3	.	.	NNP
37350	363	4	,	,	,
37350	363	5	14:185	14:185	CD
37350	363	6	-	-	SYM
37350	363	7	295	295	CD
37350	363	8	.	.	.
37350	364	1	1939	1939	CD
37350	364	2	.	.	.
37350	365	1	Contributions	contribution	NNS
37350	365	2	to	to	IN
37350	365	3	the	the	DT
37350	365	4	question	question	NN
37350	365	5	of	of	IN
37350	365	6	the	the	DT
37350	365	7	origin	origin	NN
37350	365	8	of	of	IN
37350	365	9	the	the	DT
37350	365	10	tetrapod	tetrapod	NNP
37350	365	11	limb	limb	NN
37350	365	12	.	.	.
37350	366	1	Acta	Acta	NNP
37350	366	2	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	366	3	.	.	NNP
37350	366	4	,	,	,
37350	366	5	20:89	20:89	CD
37350	366	6	-	-	SYM
37350	366	7	124	124	CD
37350	366	8	.	.	.
37350	367	1	1949a	1949a	CD
37350	367	2	.	.	.
37350	368	1	Contributions	contribution	NNS
37350	368	2	to	to	IN
37350	368	3	the	the	DT
37350	368	4	question	question	NN
37350	368	5	of	of	IN
37350	368	6	the	the	DT
37350	368	7	origin	origin	NN
37350	368	8	of	of	IN
37350	368	9	tetrapods	tetrapod	NNS
37350	368	10	.	.	.
37350	369	1	Acta	Acta	NNP
37350	369	2	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	369	3	.	.	NNP
37350	369	4	,	,	,
37350	369	5	30:459	30:459	CD
37350	369	6	-	-	SYM
37350	369	7	484	484	CD
37350	369	8	.	.	.
37350	370	1	1949b	1949b	LS
37350	370	2	.	.	.
37350	371	1	On	on	IN
37350	371	2	the	the	DT
37350	371	3	tetrapod	tetrapod	NNP
37350	371	4	limb	limb	NN
37350	371	5	problem	problem	NN
37350	371	6	again	again	RB
37350	371	7	.	.	.
37350	372	1	Acta	Acta	NNP
37350	372	2	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	372	3	.	.	NNP
37350	372	4	,	,	,
37350	372	5	30:485	30:485	CD
37350	372	6	-	-	SYM
37350	372	7	508	508	CD
37350	372	8	.	.	.
37350	373	1	Herre	Herre	NNP
37350	373	2	,	,	,
37350	373	3	W.	W.	NNP
37350	373	4	1935	1935	CD
37350	373	5	.	.	.
37350	374	1	Die	die	VB
37350	374	2	Schwanzlurche	Schwanzlurche	NNP
37350	374	3	der	der	NNP
37350	374	4	mitteleocänen	mitteleocänen	NN
37350	374	5	(	(	-LRB-
37350	374	6	oberlutetischen	oberlutetischen	RB
37350	374	7	)	)	-RRB-
37350	374	8	Braunkohle	Braunkohle	NNP
37350	374	9	des	des	FW
37350	374	10	Geiseltales	Geiseltales	NNP
37350	374	11	und	und	RB
37350	374	12	die	die	VBP
37350	374	13	Phylogenie	Phylogenie	NNP
37350	374	14	der	der	VB
37350	374	15	Urodelen	Urodelen	NNP
37350	374	16	unter	unter	NN
37350	374	17	Einschluss	Einschluss	NNP
37350	374	18	der	der	NN
37350	374	19	fossilen	fossilen	NN
37350	374	20	Formen	forman	NNS
37350	374	21	.	.	.
37350	375	1	Zoologica	Zoologica	NNP
37350	375	2	,	,	,
37350	375	3	33:87	33:87	CD
37350	375	4	,	,	,
37350	375	5	1	1	CD
37350	375	6	-	-	SYM
37350	375	7	5	5	CD
37350	375	8	.	.	.
37350	376	1	Jarvik	Jarvik	NNP
37350	376	2	,	,	,
37350	376	3	E.	E.	NNP
37350	376	4	1942	1942	CD
37350	376	5	.	.	.
37350	377	1	On	on	IN
37350	377	2	the	the	DT
37350	377	3	structure	structure	NN
37350	377	4	of	of	IN
37350	377	5	the	the	DT
37350	377	6	snout	snout	NN
37350	377	7	of	of	IN
37350	377	8	Crossopterygians	Crossopterygians	NNPS
37350	377	9	and	and	CC
37350	377	10	lower	low	JJR
37350	377	11	gnathostomes	gnathostome	NNS
37350	377	12	in	in	IN
37350	377	13	general	general	JJ
37350	377	14	.	.	.
37350	378	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	378	2	.	.	.
37350	379	1	Bidrag	Bidrag	NNP
37350	379	2	fran	fran	NNP
37350	379	3	Upsala	Upsala	NNP
37350	379	4	,	,	,
37350	379	5	21:235	21:235	CD
37350	379	6	-	-	SYM
37350	379	7	675	675	CD
37350	379	8	.	.	.
37350	380	1	1952	1952	CD
37350	380	2	.	.	.
37350	381	1	On	on	IN
37350	381	2	the	the	DT
37350	381	3	fish	fish	NN
37350	381	4	-	-	HYPH
37350	381	5	like	like	JJ
37350	381	6	tail	tail	NN
37350	381	7	in	in	IN
37350	381	8	the	the	DT
37350	381	9	Ichthyostegid	Ichthyostegid	NNP
37350	381	10	Stegocephalians	Stegocephalians	NNPS
37350	381	11	.	.	.
37350	382	1	Meddelelser	meddelelser	NN
37350	382	2	on	on	IN
37350	382	3	Grønland	Grønland	NNP
37350	382	4	,	,	,
37350	382	5	114(12):1	114(12):1	CD
37350	382	6	-	-	SYM
37350	382	7	90	90	CD
37350	382	8	.	.	.
37350	383	1	Mookerjee	Mookerjee	NNP
37350	383	2	,	,	,
37350	383	3	H.K.	H.K.	NNP
37350	384	1	1930a	1930a	CD
37350	384	2	.	.	.
37350	385	1	On	on	IN
37350	385	2	the	the	DT
37350	385	3	development	development	NN
37350	385	4	of	of	IN
37350	385	5	the	the	DT
37350	385	6	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	385	7	column	column	NN
37350	385	8	of	of	IN
37350	385	9	the	the	DT
37350	385	10	Urodela	Urodela	NNP
37350	385	11	.	.	.
37350	386	1	Phil	Phil	NNP
37350	386	2	.	.	.
37350	387	1	Trans	tran	NNS
37350	387	2	.	.	.
37350	388	1	Roy	Roy	NNP
37350	388	2	.	.	.
37350	389	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
37350	389	2	.	.	.
37350	390	1	London	London	NNP
37350	390	2	,	,	,
37350	390	3	B	B	NNP
37350	390	4	218:415	218:415	CD
37350	390	5	-	-	SYM
37350	390	6	446	446	CD
37350	390	7	.	.	.
37350	391	1	1930b	1930b	CD
37350	391	2	.	.	.
37350	392	1	On	on	IN
37350	392	2	the	the	DT
37350	392	3	development	development	NN
37350	392	4	of	of	IN
37350	392	5	the	the	DT
37350	392	6	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	392	7	column	column	NN
37350	392	8	of	of	IN
37350	392	9	the	the	DT
37350	392	10	Anura	Anura	NNP
37350	392	11	.	.	.
37350	393	1	Philos	Philos	NNP
37350	393	2	.	.	.
37350	394	1	Trans	tran	NNS
37350	394	2	.	.	.
37350	395	1	Royal	Royal	NNP
37350	395	2	Soc	Soc	NNP
37350	395	3	.	.	.
37350	396	1	London	London	NNP
37350	396	2	,	,	,
37350	396	3	B	B	NNP
37350	396	4	219:165	219:165	CD
37350	396	5	-	-	SYM
37350	396	6	196	196	CD
37350	396	7	.	.	.
37350	397	1	MacBride	MacBride	NNP
37350	397	2	,	,	,
37350	397	3	E.W.	E.W.	NNP
37350	398	1	1932	1932	CD
37350	398	2	.	.	.
37350	399	1	Recent	recent	JJ
37350	399	2	work	work	NN
37350	399	3	on	on	IN
37350	399	4	the	the	DT
37350	399	5	development	development	NN
37350	399	6	of	of	IN
37350	399	7	the	the	DT
37350	399	8	vertebral	vertebral	JJ
37350	399	9	column	column	NN
37350	399	10	.	.	.
37350	400	1	Cambridge	Cambridge	NNP
37350	400	2	,	,	,
37350	400	3	Biol	Biol	NNP
37350	400	4	.	.	.
37350	401	1	Rev.	Rev.	NNP
37350	401	2	,	,	,
37350	401	3	7:108	7:108	NNP
37350	401	4	-	-	HYPH
37350	401	5	148	148	CD
37350	401	6	.	.	.
37350	402	1	McDowell	McDowell	NNP
37350	402	2	,	,	,
37350	402	3	S.B.	S.B.	NNP
37350	403	1	1958	1958	CD
37350	403	2	.	.	.
37350	404	1	Are	be	VBP
37350	404	2	the	the	DT
37350	404	3	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	404	4	specialized	specialize	VBN
37350	404	5	seymouriamorphs	seymouriamorph	NNS
37350	404	6	?	?	.
37350	405	1	(	(	-LRB-
37350	405	2	Abstract	Abstract	NNP
37350	405	3	)	)	-RRB-
37350	405	4	Anat	Anat	NNP
37350	405	5	.	.	.
37350	406	1	Rec	Rec	NNP
37350	406	2	.	.	NNP
37350	406	3	,	,	,
37350	406	4	132(3):472	132(3):472	NNP
37350	406	5	.	.	.
37350	407	1	Naef	Naef	NNP
37350	407	2	,	,	,
37350	407	3	A.	a.	NN
37350	408	1	1929	1929	CD
37350	408	2	.	.	.
37350	409	1	Notizen	Notizen	NNP
37350	409	2	zur	zur	NNP
37350	409	3	Morphologie	Morphologie	NNP
37350	409	4	und	und	JJ
37350	409	5	Stammesgeschichte	Stammesgeschichte	NNP
37350	409	6	der	der	VB
37350	409	7	Wirbeltiere	wirbeltiere	RB
37350	409	8	.	.	.
37350	410	1	15	15	CD
37350	410	2	.	.	.
37350	411	1	Dreissig	Dreissig	NNP
37350	411	2	Thesen	Thesen	NNP
37350	411	3	über	über	NN
37350	411	4	Wirbelsäule	Wirbelsäule	NNP
37350	411	5	und	und	NN
37350	411	6	Rippen	Rippen	NNP
37350	411	7	,	,	,
37350	411	8	insbesondere	insbesondere	RB
37350	411	9	bei	bei	NNP
37350	411	10	den	den	NNP
37350	411	11	Tetrapoden	Tetrapoden	NNP
37350	411	12	.	.	.
37350	412	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	412	2	.	.	.
37350	413	1	Jahrb	Jahrb	NNP
37350	413	2	.	.	NNP
37350	413	3	,	,	,
37350	413	4	50:581	50:581	CD
37350	413	5	-	-	SYM
37350	413	6	600	600	CD
37350	413	7	.	.	.
37350	414	1	Noble	Noble	NNP
37350	414	2	,	,	,
37350	414	3	G.	G.	NNP
37350	414	4	K.	K.	NNP
37350	414	5	1922	1922	CD
37350	414	6	.	.	.
37350	415	1	The	the	DT
37350	415	2	phylogeny	phylogeny	NN
37350	415	3	of	of	IN
37350	415	4	the	the	DT
37350	415	5	Salientia	Salientia	NNP
37350	415	6	;	;	:
37350	415	7	I.	I.	NNP
37350	416	1	The	the	DT
37350	416	2	osteology	osteology	NN
37350	416	3	and	and	CC
37350	416	4	the	the	DT
37350	416	5	thigh	thigh	NN
37350	416	6	musculature	musculature	NN
37350	416	7	;	;	:
37350	416	8	their	-PRON-	PRP$
37350	416	9	bearing	bearing	NN
37350	416	10	on	on	IN
37350	416	11	classification	classification	NN
37350	416	12	and	and	CC
37350	416	13	phylogeny	phylogeny	NN
37350	416	14	.	.	.
37350	417	1	Bull	Bull	NNP
37350	417	2	.	.	.
37350	418	1	Amer	amer	NN
37350	418	2	.	.	.
37350	419	1	Mus	mus	NN
37350	419	2	.	.	.
37350	420	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
37350	420	2	.	.	.
37350	421	1	Hist	Hist	NNP
37350	421	2	.	.	.
37350	421	3	,	,	,
37350	421	4	46:1	46:1	CD
37350	421	5	-	-	SYM
37350	421	6	87	87	CD
37350	421	7	.	.	.
37350	422	1	1927	1927	CD
37350	422	2	.	.	.
37350	423	1	The	the	DT
37350	423	2	value	value	NN
37350	423	3	of	of	IN
37350	423	4	life	life	NN
37350	423	5	-	-	HYPH
37350	423	6	history	history	NN
37350	423	7	data	datum	NNS
37350	423	8	in	in	IN
37350	423	9	the	the	DT
37350	423	10	study	study	NN
37350	423	11	of	of	IN
37350	423	12	the	the	DT
37350	423	13	evolution	evolution	NN
37350	423	14	of	of	IN
37350	423	15	the	the	DT
37350	423	16	Amphibia	Amphibia	NNP
37350	423	17	.	.	.
37350	424	1	Annals	Annals	NNP
37350	424	2	New	New	NNP
37350	424	3	York	York	NNP
37350	424	4	Acad	Acad	NNP
37350	424	5	.	.	.
37350	425	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
37350	425	2	.	.	NNP
37350	425	3	,	,	,
37350	425	4	30:31	30:31	CD
37350	425	5	-	-	SYM
37350	425	6	128	128	CD
37350	425	7	.	.	.
37350	426	1	Piveteau	Piveteau	NNP
37350	426	2	,	,	,
37350	426	3	J.	J.	NNP
37350	427	1	1937	1937	CD
37350	427	2	.	.	.
37350	428	1	Un	Un	NNP
37350	428	2	Amphibien	Amphibien	NNP
37350	428	3	du	du	NNP
37350	428	4	Trias	Trias	NNP
37350	428	5	inférieur	inférieur	JJ
37350	428	6	.	.	.
37350	429	1	Essai	Essai	NNP
37350	429	2	sur	sur	FW
37350	429	3	l'origine	l'origine	FW
37350	429	4	et	et	FW
37350	429	5	l'évolution	l'évolution	NN
37350	429	6	des	des	NNP
37350	429	7	Amphibiens	Amphibiens	NNP
37350	429	8	Anoures	Anoures	NNPS
37350	429	9	.	.	.
37350	430	1	Annales	Annales	NNP
37350	430	2	de	de	NNP
37350	430	3	Paléontologie	Paléontologie	NNP
37350	430	4	,	,	,
37350	430	5	26:135	26:135	CD
37350	430	6	-	-	SYM
37350	430	7	176	176	CD
37350	430	8	.	.	.
37350	431	1	1955	1955	CD
37350	431	2	.	.	.
37350	432	1	Anoura	Anoura	NNP
37350	432	2	.	.	.
37350	433	1	In	in	IN
37350	433	2	:	:	:
37350	433	3	Traité	Traité	NNP
37350	433	4	de	de	NNP
37350	433	5	Paléontologie	Paléontologie	NNP
37350	433	6	,	,	,
37350	433	7	5:250	5:250	NNP
37350	433	8	-	-	HYPH
37350	433	9	274	274	CD
37350	433	10	.	.	.
37350	434	1	J.	J.	NNP
37350	434	2	Piveteau	Piveteau	NNP
37350	434	3	,	,	,
37350	434	4	Masson	Masson	NNP
37350	434	5	et	et	NNP
37350	434	6	Cie	Cie	NNP
37350	434	7	,	,	,
37350	434	8	Paris	Paris	NNP
37350	434	9	.	.	.
37350	435	1	Pusey	Pusey	NNP
37350	435	2	,	,	,
37350	435	3	H.	H.	NNP
37350	435	4	K.	K.	NNP
37350	435	5	1943	1943	CD
37350	435	6	.	.	.
37350	436	1	On	on	IN
37350	436	2	the	the	DT
37350	436	3	head	head	NN
37350	436	4	of	of	IN
37350	436	5	the	the	DT
37350	436	6	liopelmid	liopelmid	JJ
37350	436	7	frog	frog	NN
37350	436	8	,	,	,
37350	436	9	_	_	NNP
37350	436	10	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	436	11	truei	truei	NN
37350	436	12	_	_	NNP
37350	436	13	.	.	.
37350	437	1	I.	I.	NNP
37350	438	1	The	the	DT
37350	438	2	chondrocranium	chondrocranium	NN
37350	438	3	,	,	,
37350	438	4	jaws	jaw	NNS
37350	438	5	,	,	,
37350	438	6	arches	arch	NNS
37350	438	7	,	,	,
37350	438	8	and	and	CC
37350	438	9	muscles	muscle	NNS
37350	438	10	of	of	IN
37350	438	11	a	a	DT
37350	438	12	partly	partly	RB
37350	438	13	grown	grow	VBN
37350	438	14	larva	larva	NN
37350	438	15	.	.	.
37350	439	1	Quart	Quart	NNP
37350	439	2	.	.	.
37350	440	1	Jour	Jour	NNP
37350	440	2	.	.	.
37350	441	1	Micr	Micr	NNP
37350	441	2	.	.	.
37350	442	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
37350	442	2	.	.	NNP
37350	442	3	,	,	,
37350	442	4	84:105	84:105	CD
37350	442	5	-	-	SYM
37350	442	6	185	185	CD
37350	442	7	.	.	.
37350	443	1	Reed	Reed	NNP
37350	443	2	,	,	,
37350	443	3	H.	H.	NNP
37350	443	4	D.	D.	NNP
37350	443	5	1915	1915	CD
37350	443	6	.	.	.
37350	444	1	The	the	DT
37350	444	2	sound	sound	NN
37350	444	3	-	-	HYPH
37350	444	4	transmitting	transmit	VBG
37350	444	5	apparatus	apparatus	NN
37350	444	6	in	in	IN
37350	444	7	Necturus	Necturus	NNP
37350	444	8	.	.	.
37350	445	1	Anat	Anat	NNP
37350	445	2	.	.	.
37350	446	1	Rec	Rec	NNP
37350	446	2	.	.	NNP
37350	446	3	,	,	,
37350	446	4	9:581	9:581	CD
37350	446	5	-	-	SYM
37350	446	6	590	590	CD
37350	446	7	.	.	.
37350	447	1	Remane	Remane	NNP
37350	447	2	,	,	,
37350	447	3	A.	a.	NN
37350	448	1	1936	1936	CD
37350	448	2	.	.	.
37350	449	1	Wirbelsäule	wirbelsäule	RB
37350	449	2	und	und	UH
37350	449	3	ihre	ihre	NN
37350	449	4	Abkömmlinge	Abkömmlinge	NNP
37350	449	5	.	.	.
37350	450	1	In	in	IN
37350	450	2	:	:	:
37350	450	3	Handbuch	Handbuch	NNP
37350	450	4	der	der	NN
37350	450	5	vergleichenden	vergleichenden	VB
37350	450	6	Anatomie	Anatomie	NNP
37350	450	7	der	der	VBP
37350	450	8	Wirbeltiere	Wirbeltiere	NNP
37350	450	9	,	,	,
37350	450	10	L.	L.	NNP
37350	450	11	Bolk	Bolk	NNP
37350	450	12	_	_	NNP
37350	450	13	et	et	NNP
37350	450	14	al	al	NNP
37350	450	15	.	.	NNP
37350	450	16	_	_	NNP
37350	450	17	,	,	,
37350	450	18	4:1	4:1	CD
37350	450	19	-	-	SYM
37350	450	20	206	206	CD
37350	450	21	.	.	.
37350	451	1	Urban	Urban	NNP
37350	451	2	and	and	CC
37350	451	3	Schwarzenberg	Schwarzenberg	NNP
37350	451	4	,	,	,
37350	451	5	Berlin	Berlin	NNP
37350	451	6	,	,	,
37350	451	7	Vienna	Vienna	NNP
37350	451	8	.	.	.
37350	452	1	Ritland	Ritland	NNP
37350	452	2	,	,	,
37350	452	3	R.	R.	NNP
37350	452	4	M.	M.	NNP
37350	452	5	1955a	1955a	NNS
37350	452	6	.	.	.
37350	453	1	Studies	study	NNS
37350	453	2	on	on	IN
37350	453	3	the	the	DT
37350	453	4	post	post	JJ
37350	453	5	-	-	JJ
37350	453	6	cranial	cranial	JJ
37350	453	7	morphology	morphology	NN
37350	453	8	of	of	IN
37350	453	9	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	453	10	truei	truei	NN
37350	453	11	.	.	.
37350	454	1	I.	I.	NNP
37350	454	2	Skeleton	Skeleton	NNP
37350	454	3	and	and	CC
37350	454	4	spinal	spinal	JJ
37350	454	5	nerves	nerve	NNS
37350	454	6	.	.	.
37350	455	1	Jour	Jour	NNP
37350	455	2	.	.	.
37350	456	1	Morph	Morph	NNP
37350	456	2	.	.	NNP
37350	456	3	,	,	,
37350	456	4	97:119	97:119	CD
37350	456	5	-	-	HYPH
37350	456	6	174	174	CD
37350	456	7	.	.	.
37350	457	1	1955b	1955b	CD
37350	457	2	.	.	.
37350	458	1	Studies	study	NNS
37350	458	2	on	on	IN
37350	458	3	the	the	DT
37350	458	4	post	post	JJ
37350	458	5	-	-	JJ
37350	458	6	cranial	cranial	JJ
37350	458	7	morphology	morphology	NN
37350	458	8	of	of	IN
37350	458	9	Ascaphus	Ascaphus	NNP
37350	458	10	truei	truei	NN
37350	458	11	.	.	.
37350	459	1	II	ii	CD
37350	459	2	.	.	.
37350	460	1	Myology	myology	NN
37350	460	2	.	.	.
37350	461	1	Jour	Jour	NNP
37350	461	2	.	.	.
37350	462	1	Morph	Morph	NNP
37350	462	2	.	.	.
37350	462	3	,	,	,
37350	462	4	97:215	97:215	CD
37350	462	5	-	-	HYPH
37350	462	6	282	282	CD
37350	462	7	.	.	.
37350	463	1	Romer	Romer	NNP
37350	463	2	,	,	,
37350	463	3	A.	A.	NNP
37350	463	4	S.	S.	NNP
37350	463	5	1945	1945	CD
37350	463	6	.	.	.
37350	464	1	Vertebrate	vertebrate	JJ
37350	464	2	paleontology	paleontology	NN
37350	464	3	.	.	.
37350	465	1	2nd	2nd	NNP
37350	465	2	edition	edition	NNP
37350	465	3	.	.	.
37350	466	1	Pp	Pp	NNP
37350	466	2	.	.	.
37350	467	1	viii	viii	RB
37350	467	2	+	+	CC
37350	467	3	687	687	CD
37350	467	4	.	.	.
37350	468	1	Univ	Univ	NNP
37350	468	2	.	.	.
37350	469	1	Chicago	Chicago	NNP
37350	469	2	Press	Press	NNP
37350	469	3	.	.	.
37350	470	1	1947	1947	CD
37350	470	2	.	.	.
37350	470	3	Review	Review	NNP
37350	470	4	of	of	IN
37350	470	5	the	the	DT
37350	470	6	Labyrinthodontia	Labyrinthodontia	NNP
37350	470	7	.	.	.
37350	471	1	Bull	Bull	NNP
37350	471	2	.	.	.
37350	472	1	Mus	mus	NN
37350	472	2	.	.	.
37350	473	1	Comp	Comp	NNP
37350	473	2	.	.	.
37350	474	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	474	2	.	.	NNP
37350	474	3	,	,	,
37350	474	4	99:3	99:3	CD
37350	474	5	-	-	SYM
37350	474	6	368	368	CD
37350	474	7	.	.	.
37350	475	1	Säve	Säve	NNP
37350	475	2	-	-	HYPH
37350	475	3	Söderbergh	Söderbergh	NNP
37350	475	4	,	,	,
37350	475	5	G.	G.	NNP
37350	475	6	1934	1934	CD
37350	475	7	.	.	.
37350	476	1	Some	some	DT
37350	476	2	points	point	NNS
37350	476	3	of	of	IN
37350	476	4	view	view	NN
37350	476	5	concerning	concern	VBG
37350	476	6	the	the	DT
37350	476	7	evolution	evolution	NN
37350	476	8	of	of	IN
37350	476	9	the	the	DT
37350	476	10	vertebrates	vertebrate	NNS
37350	476	11	and	and	CC
37350	476	12	the	the	DT
37350	476	13	classification	classification	NN
37350	476	14	of	of	IN
37350	476	15	this	this	DT
37350	476	16	group	group	NN
37350	476	17	.	.	.
37350	477	1	Arkiv	Arkiv	NNP
37350	477	2	för	för	NNP
37350	477	3	Zoologi	Zoologi	NNP
37350	477	4	,	,	,
37350	477	5	26A:1	26a:1	CD
37350	477	6	-	-	SYM
37350	477	7	20	20	CD
37350	477	8	.	.	.
37350	478	1	Stadtmüller	Stadtmüller	NNP
37350	478	2	,	,	,
37350	478	3	F.	F.	NNP
37350	478	4	1936	1936	CD
37350	478	5	.	.	.
37350	479	1	Kranium	Kranium	NNP
37350	479	2	und	und	JJ
37350	479	3	Visceralskelett	Visceralskelett	NNP
37350	479	4	der	der	FW
37350	479	5	Stegocephalen	Stegocephalen	NNP
37350	479	6	und	und	NN
37350	479	7	Amphibien	Amphibien	NNP
37350	479	8	.	.	.
37350	480	1	In	in	IN
37350	480	2	:	:	:
37350	480	3	Handbuch	Handbuch	NNP
37350	480	4	der	der	NN
37350	480	5	vergleichenden	vergleichenden	VB
37350	480	6	Anatomie	Anatomie	NNP
37350	480	7	der	der	VBP
37350	480	8	Wirbeltiere	wirbeltiere	RB
37350	480	9	,	,	,
37350	480	10	by	by	IN
37350	480	11	L.	L.	NNP
37350	480	12	Bolk	Bolk	NNP
37350	480	13	_	_	NNP
37350	480	14	et	et	NNP
37350	480	15	al	al	NNP
37350	480	16	.	.	NNP
37350	480	17	_	_	NNP
37350	480	18	,	,	,
37350	480	19	4:501	4:501	CD
37350	480	20	-	-	SYM
37350	480	21	698	698	CD
37350	480	22	.	.	.
37350	481	1	Stephenson	Stephenson	NNP
37350	481	2	,	,	,
37350	481	3	N.	N.	NNP
37350	481	4	G.	G.	NNP
37350	481	5	1955	1955	CD
37350	481	6	.	.	.
37350	482	1	On	on	IN
37350	482	2	the	the	DT
37350	482	3	development	development	NN
37350	482	4	of	of	IN
37350	482	5	the	the	DT
37350	482	6	frog	frog	NN
37350	482	7	,	,	,
37350	482	8	_	_	NNP
37350	482	9	Leiopelma	Leiopelma	NNP
37350	482	10	hochstetteri	hochstetteri	NN
37350	482	11	_	_	NNP
37350	482	12	Fitzinger	Fitzinger	NNP
37350	482	13	.	.	.
37350	483	1	Proc	Proc	NNP
37350	483	2	.	.	.
37350	484	1	Zool	Zool	NNP
37350	484	2	.	.	.
37350	485	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
37350	485	2	.	.	.
37350	486	1	London	London	NNP
37350	486	2	,	,	,
37350	486	3	124(4):785	124(4):785	CD
37350	486	4	-	-	SYM
37350	486	5	795	795	CD
37350	486	6	.	.	.
37350	487	1	Stipanicic	Stipanicic	NNP
37350	487	2	,	,	,
37350	487	3	P.	P.	NNP
37350	487	4	N.	N.	NNP
37350	487	5	and	and	CC
37350	487	6	Reig	Reig	NNP
37350	487	7	,	,	,
37350	487	8	O.	O.	NNP
37350	488	1	A.	A.	NNP
37350	489	1	1955	1955	CD
37350	489	2	.	.	.
37350	490	1	Breve	Breve	NNP
37350	490	2	noticia	noticia	NNP
37350	490	3	sobre	sobre	NNP
37350	490	4	el	el	NNP
37350	490	5	hallazgo	hallazgo	NNP
37350	490	6	de	de	NNP
37350	490	7	anuros	anuros	NNP
37350	490	8	en	en	NNP
37350	490	9	el	el	NNP
37350	490	10	denominado	denominado	NNP
37350	490	11	"	"	``
37350	490	12	Complejo	Complejo	NNP
37350	490	13	Porfirico	Porfirico	NNP
37350	490	14	de	de	NNP
37350	490	15	la	la	NNP
37350	490	16	Patagonia	Patagonia	NNP
37350	490	17	Extraandina	Extraandina	NNP
37350	490	18	,	,	,
37350	490	19	"	"	''
37350	490	20	con	con	FW
37350	490	21	consideraciones	consideracione	VBZ
37350	490	22	acerca	acerca	NNP
37350	490	23	de	de	NNP
37350	490	24	la	la	NNP
37350	490	25	composicion	composicion	NNP
37350	490	26	geologica	geologica	NNP
37350	490	27	del	del	NNP
37350	490	28	mismo	mismo	NNP
37350	490	29	.	.	.
37350	491	1	Revista	Revista	NNP
37350	491	2	de	de	NNP
37350	491	3	la	la	NNP
37350	491	4	Asoc	Asoc	NNP
37350	491	5	.	.	.
37350	492	1	Geol	Geol	NNP
37350	492	2	.	.	.
37350	493	1	Argentina	Argentina	NNP
37350	493	2	,	,	,
37350	493	3	10(4):215	10(4):215	CD
37350	493	4	-	-	SYM
37350	493	5	233	233	CD
37350	493	6	.	.	.
37350	494	1	1956	1956	CD
37350	494	2	.	.	.
37350	495	1	El	El	NNP
37350	495	2	"	"	``
37350	495	3	complejo	complejo	JJ
37350	495	4	porfirico	porfirico	NN
37350	495	5	de	de	NNP
37350	495	6	la	la	NNP
37350	495	7	Patagonia	Patagonia	NNP
37350	495	8	extraandina	extraandina	NNP
37350	495	9	"	"	``
37350	495	10	y	y	NNP
37350	495	11	su	su	NNP
37350	495	12	fauna	fauna	NNP
37350	495	13	de	de	NNP
37350	495	14	Anuros	Anuros	NNP
37350	495	15	.	.	.
37350	496	1	Acta	Acta	NNP
37350	496	2	Geol	Geol	NNP
37350	496	3	.	.	.
37350	497	1	Lilloana	Lilloana	NNP
37350	497	2	(	(	-LRB-
37350	497	3	Univ	Univ	NNP
37350	497	4	.	.	.
37350	498	1	Nac	Nac	NNP
37350	498	2	.	.	.
37350	499	1	del	del	NNP
37350	499	2	Tucuman	Tucuman	NNP
37350	499	3	)	)	-RRB-
37350	499	4	,	,	,
37350	499	5	1:185	1:185	CD
37350	499	6	-	-	SYM
37350	499	7	297	297	CD
37350	499	8	.	.	.
37350	500	1	Sushkin	Sushkin	NNP
37350	500	2	,	,	,
37350	500	3	P.	P.	NNP
37350	500	4	P.	P.	NNP
37350	500	5	1936	1936	CD
37350	500	6	.	.	.
37350	501	1	Notes	note	NNS
37350	501	2	on	on	IN
37350	501	3	the	the	DT
37350	501	4	pro	pro	JJ
37350	501	5	-	-	JJ
37350	501	6	Jurassic	Jurassic	NNP
37350	501	7	Tetrapoda	Tetrapoda	NNP
37350	501	8	from	from	IN
37350	501	9	U.	U.	NNP
37350	501	10	S.	S.	NNP
37350	501	11	S.	S.	NNP
37350	501	12	R.	R.	NNP
37350	501	13	III	III	NNP
37350	501	14	.	.	.
37350	502	1	Dvinosaurus	Dvinosaurus	NNP
37350	502	2	Amalitzky	Amalitzky	NNP
37350	502	3	,	,	,
37350	502	4	a	a	DT
37350	502	5	perennibranchiate	perennibranchiate	NN
37350	502	6	stegocephalian	stegocephalian	NN
37350	502	7	from	from	IN
37350	502	8	the	the	DT
37350	502	9	Upper	Upper	NNP
37350	502	10	Permian	Permian	NNP
37350	502	11	of	of	IN
37350	502	12	North	North	NNP
37350	502	13	Dvina	Dvina	NNP
37350	502	14	.	.	.
37350	503	1	Trav	trav	NN
37350	503	2	.	.	.
37350	504	1	Inst	inst	RB
37350	504	2	.	.	.
37350	505	1	Pal	Pal	NNP
37350	505	2	.	.	.
37350	506	1	Acad	Acad	NNS
37350	506	2	.	.	.
37350	507	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
37350	507	2	.	.	.
37350	508	1	URSS	URSS	NNP
37350	508	2	,	,	,
37350	508	3	5:43	5:43	CD
37350	508	4	-	-	SYM
37350	508	5	91	91	CD
37350	508	6	.	.	.
37350	509	1	Watson	Watson	NNP
37350	509	2	,	,	,
37350	509	3	D.	D.	NNP
37350	509	4	M.	M.	NNP
37350	509	5	S.	S.	NNP
37350	509	6	1940	1940	CD
37350	509	7	.	.	.
37350	510	1	The	the	DT
37350	510	2	origin	origin	NN
37350	510	3	of	of	IN
37350	510	4	frogs	frog	NNS
37350	510	5	.	.	.
37350	511	1	Trans	tran	NNS
37350	511	2	.	.	.
37350	512	1	Roy	Roy	NNP
37350	512	2	.	.	.
37350	513	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
37350	513	2	.	.	.
37350	514	1	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	NNP
37350	514	2	,	,	,
37350	514	3	40(7):195	40(7):195	CD
37350	514	4	-	-	SYM
37350	514	5	231	231	CD
37350	514	6	.	.	.
37350	515	1	_	_	NNP
37350	515	2	Transmitted	Transmitted	NNP
37350	515	3	April	April	NNP
37350	515	4	7	7	CD
37350	515	5	,	,	,
37350	515	6	1959	1959	CD
37350	515	7	.	.	.
37350	515	8	_	_	NNP