A confutation of atheisme by Iohn Doue Doctor of Diuinitie. The contents are to be seene in the page following Dove, John, 1560 or 61-1618. 1605 Approx. 267 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 51 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A69226 STC 7078 ESTC S110103 99845719 99845719 10639 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A69226) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 10639) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1411:03) A confutation of atheisme by Iohn Doue Doctor of Diuinitie. The contents are to be seene in the page following Dove, John, 1560 or 61-1618. [4], 98, [2] p. Printed by Edward Allde for Henry Rockett, and and are to be sold at the long shop vnder S. Mildreds Church in the Poultry, At London : 1605. The last leaf is blank. Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Atheism -- Controversial literature -- Early works to 1800. 2006-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-11 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-02 Elspeth Healey Sampled and proofread 2007-02 Elspeth Healey Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A CONFVTATION OF ATHEISME By Iohn Doue Doctor of Diuinitie . The Contents are to be seene in the Page following . Psalm . 68. God will arise , and his enimies shall be scattered : they also that hate him shall flye from him . AT LONDON Printed by Edward Allde for Henry Rockett , And are to be sold at the long shop vnder S. Mildreds Church in the Poultry . 1605. The Contentes of this booke . WHat Atheisme is : Chapter , 1. The cause of Atheisme . Chap. 2. How Atheisme may be rooted out of all Christian landes . Chap. 3. That there is a God. Chap. 4. What God is . Chap. 5. That there is but one God. Chap. 6. The bookes of the Bible , are the worde of God. Chap. 7. Of the will and sufferance of God. Chap. 8. The world had a beginning . Chap. 9. The soule of man , what it is , whence it commeth , how it is infected with sinne , and the immortalitie of it . Chap. 10. Of Noah his Arke , and the Deluge . Chap. 11. Of the destruction of Sodom . Chap. 12. Of Christ . Chap. 13. The world shall haue an end . Chap. 14. There is hell fier . C 〈…〉 TO THE MOST HIGH and Mightie Prince , Iames by the grace of God , King of Great Brittanye , France , and Ireland : Defender of the Faith. MOST dread Soueraigne , your Maiesties gratious acceptance of my late Treatise against Recusancy , causeth me to present vnto your Highnes this poore Mite , which out of my penury I offer into the treasurye of the Church : being no way comparable to the Talents which others out of their great plentye , haue cast into the offrings of God. Albeit the right worshipfull Sr. George More knight , hath learnedly and religiouslie handled the same subiect , yet may I tread the same wine-presse againe , by the example of Saint Augustine , which confuted the Arrians whome Athanasius had confuted before him , and the learned of our age which dayly write bookes , notwithstanding others before them haue written bookes of the same argument . And as S. Augustine in his time , because there were many haeretikes , wished that all men which were able to write , would write against haeresie : so because now 〈◊〉 many Atheistes , it is to be wished that many would write 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Atheisme . The state of religion dependeth vpon the state of the Pastors and Ministers . And therefore S. Iohn prophecying of the decay of it , first discouereth the defects of them , as the cause therof : That he of Ephesus had lefte his former loue : he of Pergamus had them which maintayned the doctrine of Balaam and the Nicholaitans : he of Thyatira suffered Iezabell to make the people commit fornication , and eat meate sacrificed to Idols : he of Sardis had onely a name that he liued , but was dead : he of Laodicia was neither hotte nor colde , but such a one as the Lord would spewe out of his mouth , that he which tooke vpon him a greater charge then all they , should haue onely hornes like the lambe Christ Iesus : but as for his doctrine , he should speake like the dragon Sathan . And S. Paul prophecying of that great Apostasie and reuoliment from true religion through the world , shewed the cause to be in him which tooke vpon him to be the vniuersall Pastor of the world , That he should be an aduersaerie , exalting him-selfe aboue all that is called God : that sitting in the Temple of God , he should not shew himselfe as the minister of God , but as God. The holy Ghost deriued the corruption of religion , and calamitie of the Church of Israel , from the base condition of the Priestes in the dayes of Ieroboam , saying : that he made Priestes of the lowest of the people . And it is a curse denounced against them from God by the Prophet Malachye , that their Priestes should be despised and vyle before the people . Your Highnes vnder the Maiestie of Almightie God , now sitteth in the seate of Dauid , and vpon the throne of Salomen : You haue the same authoritie ouer vs , which Iosias , Iosaphat , Ezechias . and the other Godlie Kinges had ouer Iuda . The Lord therefore of his infinite mercie toward you his anoynted , and vs your people , continue in your Princely heart this your zeale of his house , and great care of the aduancement of the state of the ministerie for the aduauncement of the Ghospell , the increase of Godlines , the subuersion of Atheisme and all Impietie . The Lord make you such a King as Dauid was , a man according to his owne heart , that your Highnes may raigne ouer vs religiously , peaceably & happily , to his glorie , our comfort , and the saluation of your owne soule . The Lord graunt to our noble Queene that she may be an auncient Mother i● Is●●●●●… to Prince Henrie a large heart as he did vnto Salomon . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 blesse all your posteritie , that they way continue in his ▪ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the worlds end . Your MAIESTIES humble and obedient Subiect : IOHN DOVE , A CONFVTATION of Atheisme . Chapter 1. What Atheisme is : SOmetimes vnder the name of Atheists are comprehended Pagans , Infidels and Idolaters , all such as are ignorant of the true God , albeit in their kinde they be very deuout , religious and godly . So saith the Apostle : Wherefore remember that ye , being in times past Gentiles in the flesh , and called vncircumcision , of them which are called circumcision in the flesh made with handes , that ye were I say , at that time without Christ , aliants from the common wealth of Israel , strangers from the couenant of promise , and had no hope , & were without God in the world . But what it was to be without God in the world , he expresieth in an other place , saying : Euen then when ye knewe not God , ye did se●●…ce vnto them which by nature are not Gods. That is , they worship the Sunne & Moone , and carued idols , the creature in steede of the Creator , which is blessed for euermore , Amen . These be not the Atheists which we are to treate of . Other Atheists there be , which haue a knowledge of the true 〈◊〉 and how he is to be worshiped , and are in name Christians : 〈◊〉 a continuall habit and custome of sinne , haue so hardned 〈◊〉 ●…durated them selues , that they haue no sence or feeling of the iudgement of that true God which they knowe and professe , and would be thought outwardly to serue . And therefore they are bolde to commit sinne against him , because they presume vpon his mercye , or at the least his conniuencye and negligence in punishing , as if they were perswaded God did not see them , or he would not punish them . Of such saith the Prophet : The foole hath said in his heart there is no God. And of such fooles he speaketh else-where more plainly , saying : Wickednes saith to the wicked man , euen in mine heart , that there is no feare of God before his eyes . And what it is to cast away all feare of God from before his eyes , he sheweth more plainly , saying : He hath said in his heart : God hath forgotten , he hydeth away his face , & will neuer see . And this kinde of Atheist is in state of damnation aswell as the other , but is not the subiect of my Treatise . There are other sortes of men ( or rather beastes ) I meane such beasts as S. Paul stroue with at Ephesus in the shape of men , farre more abhominable then the other two , of which so oftē I spake : I may iustly say with Eliphas , Feare cōmeth vpon me & dreade , which maketh all my bones to tremble , and a winde passeth before me , which causeth the hayres of my head to stand vp , and ( that I may vse the wordes of the Lord to Samuel ) such a wickednes as shall not be purged by sacrifice nor offering for euer . Such a slaunder to States & Kingdomes , so offensiue to all chast & religious eares , that whosoeuer shall heare of it , his eares shall tingle . These beastes holde there is no God , and they are of foure sortes : The first saith in broade tearmes without blushing , Non est Deus , there is no God : of that brood , were not onely the olde Philosophers Diagoras , Lucretius , Epicurus and others , but also since the Gospell was published to the worlde , many of them haue been known , of whome Theodoret ( an ancient Father ) hath written , as also Prateolus , and other writers of later times , and especially Lilius Grigorius , Giraldus Ferrariensis maketh mention of a whole Iland lately inhabited by such as deny God. And I wish all Atheists were banished out of Christian States and Kingdomes , and sent into that Iland , that other places might not be infected by them . The second , doth scoffe at God and deride him , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his name , and make open profession of contempt against him and all Religion . Such an Atheist was Holophernes , which said vnto Achior , Because thou hast prophefied amongst vs to day , & hast saide that the people of Israel is able to sight , because their God will defend them : and who is God but Nabuchodonozor ? he will send his power and destroye the face of the earth , and their God shall not deliuer them . Such an Atheist was Pharao which said : Who is the Lord that I should heare his voyce , and let the people goe ? I know not the Lord neither will I let Israel goe . And Senacherib who said by the mouth of Rabshakah : Let not Ezekias deceiue you , for he shall not be able to deliuer you out of my hand , neither let Ezechias make you to trust in the Lord , saying : The Lord will surely deliuer vs , & this Land shall not be giuen euer into the hand of the King of Ashur ; Ezechias doth deceiue you , saying : The Lord will deliuer vs. Who are they among all the Gods of the nations that haue deliuered their Land out of my hand , that the Lord should deliuer Ierusalem out of my hand ? Such Atheists were Lucian , which in his writings , that he might be thought to confesse no God , mocked all Gods : Iulian the Apostata , which scoffed at religion : Olimpius the Arrian , which as he was washing himselfe in his Bath , spake blasphemy against the Trinitye . Doletus which called Moses , Helias , and Christ , the three deceiuers of the worlde . And such Atheists are the swaggerers of our age , which are not ashamed to call them selues The damned crue : Of the saluation of such there is no hope , whose God is their bellye , whose glory is their shame , and whose end is damnation , as the Apostle speaketh : Their damnation sleepeth not , nay they are condemned alreadye , because they speake blasphemye against the Holy Ghost . Of such as offend God vpon weakenes , there may be some hope that they will come to repentance , because their sinne is against the Father , which is strength . Concerning them which offend him vpon ignorance , there is also hope of their conuersion , because they sinne against God the Sonne , which is wisedome . But as for these , they mocke God in 〈◊〉 of him , they sinne vpon malice , & therefore their blas●●●●●… against the Holy Ghost , which is loue and charitye , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 no hope of their conuersion , because our Sauiour hath already pronounced sentence of damnatiō against them , saying : Their sinne shall neuer be for giuen , neither in this life , nor in the life to come . The third , professe the religion which is professed in the place where they dwell , so farre as lawes may not take holde of them , but otherwise are of all religions which may bring them profit , and are of no religion farther then to serue their turne . For example whereof , I cannot instance in any man better , then in William Rusus King of England , which professed him selfe to be a Christian for feare of the Pope & the Ecclesiasticall censure , because else he could not haue held his Kingdome . Of him it is written , that the Iewes being many in England , one of them was conuerted to be a Christian , and the olde Iewe his Father taking the matter greiuously , desired the King to interpose his authoritye , and to commaund him to renounce his Christian faith againe . The King vpon consideration of 80. Markes of siluer ( before hand payed vnto him ) vndertooke the conuersion of the young man to the Iewish religion againe : Whereupon the partie was conu●nted before the King , hee gaue him charge to renounce Christ , but he answered : Sir you professe Christ yourselfe , how then can you perswade me to be a Iewe ? If you be a Christian in deed , you will not perswade me to renounce Christ , but if your selfe professing Christ , will commaund me to denye Christ , you are not of any religion , but an Atheist ; and if you be so , it is fit the Popes holynes should vnderstand so much . The King fearing the Popes displeasure , dismissed the man , but saide in great furye : Get thee out of my presence , else by S. Lukes face , I will scratch out thine eyes . The olde Iewe his Father expostulated with the King , because the bargaine was not performed , and required restitution of his money : But the King answered , holde ye contented Sir , heere is halfe , I will haue the other halfe for my endeauour , I did the best I could . Of such Atheists we haue many . The fourth sorte , are they which insinuate them-selues into Noble-mens houses , and Princes Courts , taking vpon them to be the great Polititians of the worlde , and account all men fooles besides themselues . They also make open profession of religion but for aduantage : I meane them which haue turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Machiauel : Their Diuinitie is policye , their zeale is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and their God is the deuill . These English Italiana ▪ and 〈◊〉 incarnat , doe holde these damnable opinions : That there was no creation of the world , that there shall be no day of iudgement , no resurrection , no immortallitye of the soule , no hell : they dispute against the Bible , reckon vp Genealogyes more auncient then Adam , alleadge arguments , to proue that the story of Noah his Arke and the Deluge were fables : Finally , they holde that the Scriptures were deuised by men , onely for policye sake , to maintaine peace in states and Kingdomes , to keep subiects in obedience to lawes , and loyaltie to Magistrates , by thus terrifying them from enormities when their consciences are possessed with an opinion of hell fire , and alluring them to subiection by hope of eternall life , that so Princes may enioy outward peace & temporall prosperitie . Examples of this last sorte , we haue Leo the tenth of that name Bishop of Rome , who when he had heard Bembus alleadge places out of the Scriptures concerning Christ , said vnto him : Quid mihi narras illam de Christo fabulam ? why dost thou tell me that fable of Christ ? Againe , in ostentation of his riches , said : Vide quantum mihi profuit illa de Christo fabula . See what treasure I haue scraped together , by publishing to the people that same fable concerning Christ ! An example also is Machiauel , which holdeth these principles & grounds of policy : Princeps qui sapientia est praeditus , debet ea promissa vitare quae suis commodis contraria fore videt . I am vero hominibus nunquam defuturae sunt causae , quibus in violatam fidem colorem inducant . A wise Prince must not regard his promise if he finde it not for his profit , neither shall he at any time be destitute of such shiftes and euasions whereby he may iustify and make good the breach and falsifying of his oath . Qui sagatior fuerit , vt vulpinum ingenium melius exprimeret , ei faelicius omnia ceciderant . That he must learne to play the Fox , which will haue his designes and proiects to take effect . He proposeth vnto Princes the example of Pope Alexander the sixt to immitate , of whome he saith : Is nihil quam mortalium impostorem egit , nihil quam ad omnē malitiam & fraudem ( quo hominum genus falleret ) mentem suam exercuit . In asseuerando autem quis magis fuerit efficax , aut qui speciotius iurauit iusiurandum vicissimque , qui minus praestiterit , nemo vnquam fuit . Nihilo secius doli nunquam ei non commode ceciderunt . That is , he plotted nothing more , then how he might be the cosoner and deceiuer of men : he set his minde vpon nothing but malice and fraude , whereby men might be by him supplanted & ouertaken , no man promised more largely , nor swore more deeply then he , and no man performed lesse then he , and yet not-withstanding , his falshood & knauery , he neuer fayled of his purpose . Proinde , non est quod Princeps omnes eas superius descriptas virtutes ostentet : sunt enim aduersus tales dissimulandae saepe numero callidèque tegendae . And yet , for al that , falshood preuaileth better thē plaine dealing , yet a Prince must not make a shewe of a large conscience , but he must dissemble , & carry him selfe cunningly before the eyes of the worlde . Quocirca , ad omnem fortunae & ventorum conuersionem versatile ingenium Princeps habeat necesse est , & ab eo quod bonum est ne discedat : at , si necessitas vrgeat , edoctus sit et malum auertere . Wherefore a Prince must frame him selfe for all times & seasons as occasions may serue : let him imbrace truth and doe iustice , vnlesse he see cause to the contrary , but if he doe , let him be so wise that he do not disaduantage him selfe . Princeps acram curam & diligentiam adhibeat , vt pietatom , fidem , integritatem , humanitatem , religionem sanctè colere videatur , atqui nihil magis est quod prae se ferat quam illam virtutem : fere enim homines magis specie & colore rerum , quam rebus ipsis , permouentur , & iudicant . Nemo non videt quid prae te feras , at paucissimi sunt , qui quid sis sensu percipiant . Vitam princeps tueatur , curetque imperium conseruare : quibus autem idsiat rationibus , ex modo honesti spaciem prae se ferant , nunquam non honore dignae , laudibusque existimabuntur . Let a Prince especially take heed to him selfe , that he seeme godly , true , honest , curteous , and aboue all religious , because men for the most parte are caryed away with the outward shewe of religion , and doe iudge all things according to outward appearance . Euery man can take notice of that which you seeme to be , but fewe men can sound the bottome of your heart , and diue into your secret thoughts , so farre as to discouer what in deed you are , to conceiue what your intent & meaning is . Let a Prince looke especially to the defence of his owne life and state , it maketh no matter by what meanes he doe it , be they lawfull or vnlawefull , so as they haue an outward shewe and colour of honestye . Chapter 2. Of the causes of Atheisme . THat I may speak somwhat of the causes of Atheisme , They are many : Some men are become Atheists by building vpō a false ground , by misconstruing and wresting that place of Tully to their owne perdition : Sunt qui negant Deos habere procurationem rerum humanarum , quorum sententia falsa est , quia sic omnis religio inanis esset , religione autem sublata tolleretur hominū sides , & magna sequeretur vitae perturbatio & confusio . There are saith Tully , some men which deny that there is a God which taketh vpon him the care of humane affaires , whose opinion is euicted to be false , for as much as if it were so , all religion were in vayne , and were it not for religion , there would be no fidelitie or honestie among men , nothing but disorder & confusion through the whole worlde . I cannot deny but religion doth maintaine ciuill gouernment , and kingdomes are best gouerned where men haue the greatest feeling of religion , because the feare of God hauing taken a deepe roote in mens hearts by the often preaching of the worde , doth binde subiects to their Princes farre more fast then humane lawes , & the feare of the Princes displeasure . And I must needs confesse that the King and the whole state of England are to ascribe this long peace which we haue had , and yet doe inioy , as also this great increase of wealth , and loyaltye of the subiectes , more to the diligent preaching of the Ministers then to the sincere gouernmēt of the Magistrates , to Diuines then to Polititians , how little soeuer now Diuines be regarded , and how highly soeuer Polititians be esteemed . Subiects are now more obedient to Lawes and loyall to Princes then in times past they haue bene , because the Gospell is more preached among them then it was in former ages . So then , it is not for feare , but for conscience sake , not because they feare him that can kill the bodie , but because they feare him that is able to destroy both bodie and soule in hell fire . And yet the Prouerb in many hath bene fulfilled , Filia deuorauit matrem , that the daughter hath deuoured her owne mother , For religion is the mother of peace , and peace is the daughter of religion , because the preaching of Christian religion hath brought peace into the worlde . All godly Diuines preach the doctrine of St. Paul : Si fieri potest , quantum in vobis est , cum omnibus pacem habetote , if it be possible and as much as lyeth in you , haue peace with all men . But this long peace which we haue enioyed hath increased our riches , & riches haue made vs to forget God , and so ( like an vnnaturall daughter ) peace hath deuoured religion , which bred and maintayned peace in the world . The Prophecie is verifyed : In these last dayes , since the mountaine of the house of God hath beene prepared in the top of the mountaines , and hath beene exalted aboue the hilles , and all nations haue flowed vnto it , and many people haue gone & said : Come let vs goe vp to the mountaine of the Lord , to the house of the God of Iacob , and he will teach vs his wayes , and we will walke in his pathes : our swordes haue beene broken into mattocks , & our speares into sythes , nation hath not lifted vp a sworde against nation , neither haue they learned to fight any more . The Lamb dwelling with the Wolfe hath beene in safetie , the Kid with the Leopard , the Cow feeding with the Beare , the Calfe with the Lyon , the sucking Childe hath plaied vpon the hole of the Asp , the weaned Childe hath put his hand into the hole of the Cockatrice without any hurt , and the reason is alleaged by the Prophet : Because the earth was full of the knowledge of the Lord , euen as the waters that couer the sea . This Prophecye you see is fulfilled . But these sayings are by them mistaken . For Tully doth not argue in this manner : that we must holde there is a God , and maintaine religion , that so ciuill gouernment may be maintayned , and men may liue orderly in a common wealth . But his meaning is cleane contrary : that we must performe all ciuill duties in a common wealth for religion sake , and we must be religious for Gods sake , because there is a God which hath ingraffed religion in our hearts , whereby ciuill states may be the better maintayned , and which will punish all such as are not religious , that is , which haue not a true feeling of religion . And it was not the meaning of the Prophet Esay , that after the knowledge of true religion had planted peace among vs , and peace had brought prosperitie , then we should cease to be religious , & so forget God , but rather increase our zeale , and hauing receiued such benefits at his hands whome we serue , continue faithfull in his seruice . A second cause of Atheisme may be the want of due & right hearing of the worde preached , because faith commeth by hearing , and therefore where there is a want of hearing faith fayleth , and , by a consequent , Pagisme and infidelitie increaseth . For many of them doe not heare , but absent them-selues , or if they be present , they stand not for figures but for cyphers , they doe not by the worde preached as the virgin Mary did by the sayings of our Sauiour Christ , which layed thē vp in her heart : or as Abraham did by the Angels , which receiued them into his house , or as the Sunamite woman did by Elizeus , or the widowe by Elias , which entertayned them with willingnes . The worde to them is not as the raine of heauen falling vpon the earth , or the deawe of Hermon vpon mount Sion , but as the Childrens bread cast before whelpes , or pearls cast before swine , seede sowen by the high way side , & the peace of the Apostles bestowed vpon vnworthye houses , and therefore returneth backe againe . They stop their cares with the Adder , or sleep with Eutichus , or make loue as the Egiptians did to Aholah and Aholibah , cloathed with blewe silke and diuers suites , pleasant young men , that they may set Aholah and Aholibah on fire , bruise the brestes of their virginitye , and powre out their adulterie vpon them , as the Prophet speaketh . Some heare the Preacher with great attention , but as the Pharisies did our Sauiour to intrappe him in his speech , to take exception against his wordes , as the Athenians did St. Paul to scoffe at his simplicitie , they read the Bible but as Porphurye did , to finde ( as they prophanely call them ) absurdities and contradictions in the worde of God , not as the Bee which gathereth honye , but as the Spider which sucketh poyson out of wholsome flowers . A third cause of Atheisme , proceedeth from the long suffring of God , which doth not presently punish Atheists . For he doth not onely with patience suffer them to blaspheme his holy name , but also in his wisdome which no man can sound , & in his iudgementes whome no man can search , blesseth them with worldly blessings , as if he did reward their vngodlines . It is not my complaint alone , but it is the complaint of the Prophet Dauid which cryeth out in this manner : Why standest thou so farre off ô Lord and hydest thee in due time , euen in affliction ? the wicked hath made boast of his owne hearts desire , and the couetous blesseth himselfe , he contemneth the Lord , he is so proud that he seeketh not for God , he thinketh alwaies there is no God , his wayes alwaies prosper , he saith in his heart : I shall neuer be moued , nor be in danger . Nay it may very well be said , as it was of Iob : that the Lord hath made an hedge about him & his house , and about all that he hath on euery side , he hath blessed the worke of his handes , and his substance is encreased in the Land. The Lord suffred his owne Arke to be taken by the Philistins his enemies , and his owne people the Iraēlites which fought his battle , to be ouerthrowne in the battell . And this cōmendation is giuen of the godly King Iosias , that he read the lawe of the Lord before the people , he made a couenant with the Lord that the people should walke after the Lord , and keep his commandements , his testimonies & statutes , with all their hearts , all their soules , & all the people stood to the couenant , he purged the Temple , and put downe the Idols , he slewe the idolatrous Priests , he kept such a passeouer in honour of God , as neuer the like was holden , from the daies of the Iudges y t iudged Israel , nor in al the daies of the Kings of Israel & the Kings of Iuda , he tooke away thē which had familier spirits and the sooth-sayers , and the Images , and the Idols , and all the abhominations that were espyed in the Land of Iuda and Ierusalem , that like vnto him there was no King before him that turned to the Lord with all his heart , all his soule , and all his might , according to all the lawe of Moses , neither after him arose there any like him . And yet , see how the Lord rewarded him . The very next thing which followeth in the same Text , is this : Pharao slewe him at Megiddo . Thus you see how the Lord rewarded faithfull Iosias which serued him , & trusted in him , with death in this worlde , and ouerthrowe in sighting of his owne battell , and gaue the victory to Pharao an heathen King , which put no trust nor considence in him . Likewise Nabucodonozor burned Gods house , robbed his Temple in contempt of him and his seruice , & yet God prospered him as if he had rewarded him for so dooing , Valerius Maximus citeth out of Tully the example of Dionysius the Tirant , which did brag and boast of his sacrilege , that when he sayled to the Temple of Proserpina which was at Locris to robbe the same , the winde and weather did so much fauour him , as if it had beene a pleasing thing to that Goddesse to doe her violence , as if she had the rather prospered his nauigation , & giuen successe vnto his busines because he did robbe & spoyle her Temple . When the Turkes and Hungarians ioyne in battell , the Hungarians armye cryeth out aloud Iesu , Iesu , The Turkes name their prophet Mahomet , but Mahomet preuayleth against Iesus . The greatest parte of the worlde are insidels , and they encrease daily , but the number of Christians doe decrease . And this is agreeable to that which Prateolus obserueth , which all eageth that among many causes of Atheisme this is not the least , namely , Euentus mirabiles quorum causas ignorant , & putant longe aliter fore , si Deus existeret omnia cernens & curans , vt sunt faelicitas impiorum , infaelicitas piorum , & eius Dei longanimitas qui atrocissimos peccatores statim non punit . Strange euents which continually fall out , contrary to the sence and reason of man , the causes whereof man vnderstandeth not , but thinketh that it would be otherwise , if there were a God which did see and regarde humane affaires , as for example , the happines of the vngodly , the vnhappy estate of the godlie , and the long suffering of God him selfe which suffereth grieuous offenders so long to escape vnpunished : whereas contrarywise , if God would be pleased to shewe present examples of his iustice vpon sinners , as he did when he turned Lots wife into a piller of Salt for looking back , destroyed Sodom with fire & brimstone for pride , caused Ieroboam his hand to wither for burning Incence , Eli to breake his necke for suffering his Children to abuse the Priests office : the earth to swallowe vp Core , Dathan & Abiram for their rebellion : the Beares to deuour the Children for mocking Elisaeus , the dogges to eate Iosabell for oppressing Naboth , the fire to burne vp Nadah and Abihu for vsing prophane fier vpon the Altar , which tooke away Saul his Kingdome for disobeying Samuel , stroke Zachary with dumnes for vnbeleefe , Elymas with blindenes for hindering the course of the Gospell , Balthasar with death for prophaning the holy vessels , Ananias and Saphira for telling a lye , Gehezi with Leprosie for taking bribes , and shut Moses out of the Land of Canaan for trespassing at the waters of Meriba : I say , if God would vouchsafe to dwell with vs as he did with them , and shew such examples among vs as he did among them , punish whole landes as he did Egipt for not letting his people goe , no dout but Atheisme would cease , and vngodly men would confesse that there is a God. It is a signe that our sinnes are great , and God doth not loue vs as he loued them . And yet the Atheists haue but mistaken all this while , for these be arguments rather to proue vnto them that there is a God. For this is the Lords long suffering to bring them to repentance as St. Peter teacheth saying : The Lord is not slack as some men account slacknes , but is pacient towards vs , and would haue no man to perish , but would haue all men to come to repentance . And as St. Paul saith : Thou ô man , despisest thou the riches of his bountifulnes , and patience , and long suffering , not knowing that the bountifulnes of God leadeth thee to repentance ? but thou after thine hardnes , and heart that cannot repent , heapest vp as a treasure vnto thy selfe wrath against the day of wrath & of the declaration of the iust iudgement of God. But therefore the Prophet Dauid in the Psalme aboue rehearsed , where he saith : The wicked hath made boast of his hearts desire , his waies alwayes prosper : he inserteth these wordes in the middle of the sentence : Thy iudgements ô Lord are farre aboue his sight . And St. Augustine doth fully satisfie this point , where he saith : Diuina miserecordia ad impios & ingratos peruenit . Primo quia Deus facit oriri Solem super bonos pariter & malos , & pluit super iustos & iniustos . Secundo vt quidam ista cogitantes ab impietate se corrigant . Tertio , vt quidam diuitias longanimitatis eius contemnentes sibi thesaurrizentiram . Quarto , patientia Dei ad poenitentiam inuitat malos , sicut flagellum Dei ad patientiā erudit bonos . Quinto , quia placuit diuinae prouidentiae praeparare imposterū bona iustis quibus mali non fruentur , et mala impij quibus boni non cruciabuntur . Againe , Si nunc omne peccatum plecteretur poenis temporalibus , nihil vltimo iudicio reseruari putaretur , & , si nullum peccatum nunc puniretur , nulla Dei prouidentia esse crederetur . Gods mercy is extended to the godlesse and vnthankfull men for these causes following : First , because he maketh his Sun to shine aswell vpon the vniust as the iust , and his raine to fall vpon the godlesse aswel as the godly . Secondly , that some of them considering these thinges , might repent them of their sinnes . Thirdly , that othersome despising the riches of his longanimitye might heape vp wrath vnto themselues . Fourthly , the patience of God doth invite and allure the wicked to repentance , euen as the scourge of God doth instruct the godly vnto patiēce . Fiftly , because thath seemed good to the prouidence of God to prepare in an other worlde ioyes for the righteous , whereof the vnrighteous shall not be partakers , and punishments for the wicked which the godlye shall not feele . And , last of all , if all offences were now punished with temporal punishmēts , it wold be thought that nothing were reserued for the day of iudgement , as contrarywise , if nothing were punished temporallye in this worlde , men would make a dout of Gods prouidence . A fourth cause of Atheisme is the malice of Sathan , as the Apostle sheweth vs : If ( saith he ) our Gospell be yet hidden , it is hidden to them which are lost , in whome the God of this world hath blinded the mindes , that is , of the infidels that the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ should not shine in them . Beholde Sathan his malice and cunning , from time to time . In the first two hundred yeares after the Passion of our Sauiour Christ , he busied himselfe about the first Article of the Creed to ouerthrow that , and therefore stirred vp the Marcionists , the Gnosties , the Maniches to teach that there was not one God the Father almightye maker of heauen and earth , but diuers Gods. But finding not his successe therein answerable to his malice , ceased there and went to an other Article , and so stirred vp Praxeas , Noetus , Paulus Saniosatanus to ouerthrowe the diuinitye of our Sauiour Christ his Sonne , afterwad haeretickes to disproue his conception by the holy Ghost , his birth of the Virgin Mary , and the other Articles of fayth which are to be beleued concerning him . Being not able to preuaile therein , he descended to the Article of the holy Ghost , and so stirred vp Macedonius to deny the Godhead of the holy Ghost . Being not able to preuaile therein he went to the Articles concerning the Church , and so in sundrye ages hath gone from one Article to an other , vntill he hath gone ouer all the Articles of the Creed . Now , being disproued in them all , he doth not so rest , but returneth againe to the first at which he began , not to proue a multiplicitie of Gods as he did before endeuour , but to proue a nullitie of any God , by disprouing the God-head either of the Father , or of the Sonne , or of the holy Ghost , of all three ; But he goeth to worke with greater violence , to chop off all fayth , all religion at one blowe , by prouing that there is neuer a God , and to this purpose hath he armed his Polititians with arguments against the Bible . But to them may be applyed the wordes of Policarpus to Marcian the haereticke , who being asked of him : Agnoscis me ô Policarpe ? Dost thou acknowledge me ô Policarpus ? answered him : Agnosco te esse primogenitum Satanae , I knowe thee very well , thou art the sonne and heire of the Deuill . The last cause of Atheisme is the lenitye and ouer great mildnes of Princes and Gouernours , which doe suffer Atheists to escape vnpunished . I may iustly say it is their fault that there are Atheists that will suffer Atheists , For so saith the holye Ghost concerning Azariah the King of Iudah : He did vprightly in the sight of the Lord , according to all that his Father Amaziah did : but the high places were not taken away , for the people yet offered , and burned Incense in the high places . And the Lord smote the King , & he was a leper vnto the day of his death . The King him-selfe you see is commaunded to be a godly man , not he , but his subiects committed idolatrye , yet God punisheth him for the idolatrye of his subiects , But that could not stand with the iustice of God to punish the King for his subiects offences vnles it were the Kings faulte that the subiects offended . Where the Spanish Inquisition is , it is a very rare thing to heare of an Atheist , which I speake not to that end as if I did wish that Inquisition to be brought into any Christian Kingdome , but onely to shewe that it is better to liue where there is too much seueritie rather then too much loosenes , and where nothing is lawfull , rather then where all things are permitted as if they were lawfull . The Lord of his mercy stirre vp the hearts of all his annoynted Princes , & inflame their Zeale , that they may not onely hate Atheisme , as I hope they doe , with a perfecte hatred , but also banish such impietye , that heereafter not onely the opinions but also the verye name of Atheist may be as it were buried in hell , and no more heard of in their Kingdomes . Chapter 3. How Atheisme may be rooted out of all Christian landes . AS prosperitie causeth many men to forget God , and others to denye God : so aduersitie , sicknes , imprisonment & such like chastisements of God for sinne , will make wicked men not onely to acknowledge & confesse God , but also to stoop downe before him , and to flye for succour vnto him . When Iulian the apostata was deadly wounded by a dart from heauē , he could not be silent , but that plague extorted out of his mouth a confession of the power of Iesus Christ whome before he had denyed , & he cryed out : Vicisti Galilaee , Iesus of Galile the conquest is thine . Though Pharao in his prosperitie had said : who is the Lord ? I knowe him not , I will not let the people goe : yet when his land was plagued with Frogges , he called for Moses and Aaron and said : Pray ye for me vnto the Lord , that he may take away the Frogges from me and from my people , and I will let the people goe , that they may doe sacrifice to the Lord , But as soone as God gaue him a little rest , that the plague ceased , he was hardned againe . When the hand of the Lord was heauye vpon the men of Ashdod , and he destroyed them and smote them with Emeroides they remoued the Arke out of the house of Dagon , and said : Let vs send the Arke of God vnto his owne place , that he slay vs not , and our people . When Nabuchodonozer was depriued of his Kingdome , and turned into an Asse to graze in the field for the space of seuen yeares : then he began to be humble , to vnderstand himselfe better , to lift vp his eyes to heauen , to giue thankes to the most high , to praise and honour him that liueth for euer , to confesse that his power is an euerlasting power , that his Kingdome indureth from generation to generatiō , that all the inhabitānts of the earth are reputed as nothing , that according to his will he worketh in the armye of heauen , and in the inhabitants of the earth , that none can stay his hand , nor say vnto him , what dost thou ? Then he could make both an humble & a large consession , and say : I Nabuchodonozer prayse , and extoll , and magnifie the King of heauen , whose workes are all truth , and his waies iudgement , and those that walke in pride he is able to abase . But for as much as now such miracles doe cease , and it belongeth to Gods annointed Kings to be ielous of his glory , if they wil abanden Atheisme out of their Kingdomes : first of all they must withdrawe their countenace from all vngodly liuers . For so long as the Prince dooth looke cheerfully vpon them , the eyes of the people will be defixed vpon them also , they will admire them , and think their vices to be vertues . You know what Hamon said : Thus shall he be honoured whome the King doth honour : and againe the argument must followe aswell on the contrary side : Thus , and thus , shall he be dishonoured whome the King doth dishonour , You are not ignorant of the saying of Salomon : Indignatio Regis est nuncius mortis , The displeasure of the King is but a fore-runner of death . If the King giue countenance to Atheists , the people will respect them by his example , if he frowne vpon them , the people will trample ouer them . The King is like the maior preposition in a Sillogisme , the people are like the conclusion . But it is a most certaine rule in Logicke : Conclusio sequitur deteriorem partem . If the maior be negatiue or perticuler , the conclusion will bee so , if any thing bee worser then other in the King the people wil be sure to followe that . Secondly , they must be assisting vnto their Ministers . For God in the Primitiue Church gaue them the gift of working miracles to credit their office and calling whereby they did chastise Gods enemies . So St. Paul stroke Elymas the sorcerer with blindenes for peruerting and seducing the Deputye from the fayth . And St. Peter stroke Ananias and Saephira with present death for telling a lye to the holy Ghost . And because miracles after a short time were to cease , our Sauiour Christ left the sworde of excommunication in his Church to be in place of miracles , and to continue vnto the end of the worlde . And since the Church hath no other sword now , but the cēsure of excōmunication , which is so greatly dispised : if it would please God to put it the hearts of Princes to strengthen excommunication with their Princely authoritye , to adde the sworde of the Kingdome to the keyes of the Church , not to suffer any person that is noted of impietye to dwell in the lande , none that is tanquam Publicanus & Ethnicus , as an heathen or infidell to dwell among Christians , but to deliuer them ouer to the hang-man whome the Church hath deliuered ouer to Suthan , vnles they he heartily openitent , and speedily reformed : no dout but then God would be better knowne in Iuda , and his name in Ierusalem would be greater . I say , if any man be an Atheist , let him not be honoured among the people , but let him haue Micheas his entertainment , which was to be fed with the bread of affliction , and water of affliction , or let him be banished out of the lande , not by Ostracisme , as Arist●des was for his vertues , but as Ouid was for his vices , and that I may vse the phrase of the holy Ghost , let his house be made a Takes . As Tully wished , that it were written in euery mans forhead what he thought of the common-wealth of Rome , that so true-hearted subiectes might be knowne from Traytours : so , I wish it were written in all mens forheads , what they think of God and of Christian religion . We can iudge no farther of them then wee heare by their blasphemy , and prophane wordes which they vtter , & see by their loose liues and conuersations . But so farre we may iudge as we heare and see , and we finde there are so many , that we haue good cause to crye out with the Prophet Dauid , and to say : Help Lord help , there is not a godly man left , for the faithful are fayled from among the children of men , they speak deceitfully euery one with his neighbour , flattering with their lippes , and speake with a double heart , the Lord cut off all flattering lips , and the tongue that speaketh proud thinges . Thus much I am fare : there is no policye to religion , no wisdome to well doing , and most firme is the estate of that man , be he high or of lowe degree , which procureth God to be his freind . Chapter 4. That there is a God. THey which call them-selues the damned Crue , yet doe think there is no damnation , they sweare continually by the name of God , and yet they think there is no God. See how they are ouertaken vnawares . As St. Paul might very well dispute with the Athenians in the defence of that God whome he preached vnto them ; and say : There is a God besides all those Gods which you superstitiouslye doe worship ; and is yet vnknown vnto you , witnes your selues and your owne Altar , Doe not think it absurd that I preach vnto you such a God for if there be not , why do you then erect an Altar vnto him & write this superscriptiō vpon it ? IGNOTO DEO , TO THE VNKNOWNE GOD. So I dispute against them : if they be , as they confesse their selues , a damned crue , how shall they thinke to escape damnation ? If they swearo by the name of God , why doe they deny God ? for in swearing by him vnawares they doe confesse him . They weare by the woundes and bloud of Christ & yet deny the merits of the death of Christ . The man of God calleth such men fooles , and such fooles may be rebuked euen out of their owne Booke , intituled THE SHIP OF FOOLES . Preb scelus horrendum , blasphema tricuspide telo Gent humana petit genitum Patris Altitonautis , Atque illi exprobat quod nostros induit artus . Languoresque tulit nostros , miseratus abalto Casum insaelicen quo primus corruit Adam . To them I say no more then out of their owne Booke . Desine sacrilegis iterum crucifigere labris Virgineum partum , poenamque horresce propinquane . They were thought worthy to be put into the Ship of Fooles which are swearers , but much more doe they shewe them selues to be fooles which sweare by God , and yet say there is no God But I will proue to the damned Atheist by these reasons , that there is a God. First they read euery day in the booke of nature that there is a God. I meane by the booke of nature , the great frame of heauen & earth . For what is this whole visible world , but Epistola a Deo scripta ad humanum genus ? A letter or Epistle written from God vnto mankind ? For , in it we may read of the inuisible God in his workes , and his name is engrauen there in hierographicall letters . Lactantius proueth it out of Tully ( an heathen Philosopher ) by the same argument , his wordes are these : Nemo est tamrudis , tam seris moribus , quin oculos suos in coelum tollens , tametsi nesciat cuius Dei prouidentia regatur hoc omne quod cernitur , aliquam tamen esse intelligat ex ipsa rerum magnitudine , moles , dispositione , constantia , vtilitate , pulchritudine , temperatione , nec possefieri , quis id quod mirabiliratione constat , consilio maiori aliquo sit instructū . No man is such a rusticke , so brutish and voyde of cōmon sence and reason , but as often as he looketh vp to heauen , if he deny this , his owne eyes shall witnes against him , for although this be not sufficient to bring him to the perfecte vnderstanding of that God by whose prouidence he seeth the worlde is gouerned , yet what his eye hath seene , his tongue may tell . The very greatnes of the frame of heauen , the constant motion of the starres , the wonderfull temperature of the elements , doth shewe there is a God which guideth these thinges , and by a consequent there is a God which made these thinges . Mercurius Trismegistus doth proue it . Singula haec astra non similem & aqualem cursum faciunt in coelo . Quis est qui euique modum & magnitudinem cursus terminauit ? vrsa haec quae circase voluitur , & vniuersum mundum secum circumferens ; quis est qui ei fabrifecit instrumentum ? quis est qui mariterminum imposuit ? quis est qui terram stabiliuit ? est enim aliquis ô Tati , qui herum omnium factor est & Dominus . Impossibile enim est , vellocum , vel numerum , vel mensuram terminari absque factore . When we see the motion of the planets & fixed starres contrary one to an other , the celestiall spheres in continuall volubilitye , the multiplicitye of their motions , their diurnall or daylye course from the East to the West , their retrograde and vyolent motion from the West to the East , their trepidat motion from the South to the North. When we see the sea farre higher then the earth , and a fluide or liquid body , yet confined within the bankes that it cannot drowne the earth , the earth solid and firme vnder our feet that we cannot sinke , we must confesse ô sonne Tatius that there is one which is Lord & maker of these thinges , for it is impossible that euery thing should continue in due place , number and meeasure , and so iust a preportion should be obserued without a maker , and who could make these thinges but God ? therfore there is a God. To this booke of nature agreeth the booke of the Bible , who saith : The heauens declare the power of God , the firmament sheweth the worke of his handes , one day teacheth another , & one night giueth knowledge to another . Againe , the wrath of God is reuealed from heauen against all vngodlynes and vnrighteousnes of men , which detaine the truth of God in vnrrighteousnes , for asmuch as that which may be knowne of God is manifest in them , for God hath shewed it vnto them , for the inuisible thinges of him , that is , his eternall power and Godhead are seene by the creation of the worlde , being considered in his workes , to the intent that they should be without excuse . Dauid saith : he couereth him selfe with light as with a garment , and spreadeth the heauens like a curtayne , he layeth the beames of his chamber in the waters , maketh the clowdes his chariots , and walketh vpon the winges of the winde . In which wordes , I doe not presse them with the authoritye of the Scriptures , because the Scriptures are not of sufficient credit with them , but with the reasons which are vsed in the Scriptures , which if they cannot answer , they must yeild vnto , and confesse that there is a God. And therefore I conclude against them in this manner : We see dayly effects before our eyes in all the elements , continuall motions in the heauens , but there can be no effecte without a cause , there can be no motion without a mouer , no action without an agent , no worke without a workeman : these be relatiues , and therefore one could not be without the other . Mercurius Trismegistus could say : Statuam siue imaginem fieri sine statuario aut pictore nemo dicit . Hoc vero opificium fine opifice factum est ? Ô multam cacitatem , ô multam impietatem , ô multam ignorantiam , nunquam ô sili Tati priuaueris opifice opificia . A picture cannot be made without a Painter ; or a grauen image without a Caruer , And can such a piece of worke be made without a worke van ? It is blindenes , it is impietye , it is grosse to entertaine such a conceit . So then we take these for vndouted principles in naturall Phiosophye that they may not be denyed , to witte : Euery effect hath his cause , euery action his agent , euery motion his mouer . But , as there be many secondary causes , agents & mouers , so there must needes be one principall and aboue the rest . There is ordo causarum , qui in rerum natura non procedit in infinitum , an order of causes sub-ordinate one to an other , and therefore there is no infinite ascention vp in the subordination of causes , but at the lēgth by ascēding we must come to the highest , & we must in ea consistere , stay when we come there , because we can goe no higher , and that is God. What naturall body soeuer is moued , I say it is moued by some other which is higher then it selfe . For example : The sphere of the Moone which is the lowest of the heauens , is moued by the spheare of Merc. which is higher thē it , Mer. is moued by Venus which is higher then it , Venus by the Sun , the Sun by Mars , Mars by Iupiter , Iupiter by Saturne , Saturne by the sphere of the fixed staries , and so we ascend vntill we can goe no higher , that is vnto the heauen which is called Primum mobile , y t first & highest body w c is subiect to motion & volubility . That also is moued aswell as the rest , not of it selfe , because no naturall bodye can moue it selfe , therefore it hath motion frō some other , not from any other bodye , because there can be no other bodye aboue the highest , therefore it must of necessitye be moued by that which is a Spirit and not a bodye , not naturall but metaphisicall , and that can be nothing else but God. In like manner , the Sunne and a man doe beget a man , the Sunne & putrifaction doe engender Flyes , and these thinges being subiect to outward senses are therefore naturall bodyes , and because they are naturall bodyes they haue foure causes , two inward which are matter and forme , and two outward efficient and finall , and there is nature which hath his secret motion , tell me therefore what is that ? You will say peraduenture that is nature which Aristotle defineth to be principium motus the beginning of motion : you say rightly , but that is inward , therefore you must besides this assigne an outward cause of motion , and what is that ? If you say the ayre , that is but a middle cause , and therefore you must ascend higher , for , if there be causa media , there is also prima , if there be a midde or subordinate cause , there is also a principall and first cause . And what is that , but onely God , that is causa causarum the cause of all other causes , and from whence all other thinges haue their being ? Againe , all agents doe not worke alike , for one thing worketh of necessitye , and that is nature , an other thing worketh ( in these outward and indifferent thinges ) partly of will , and partly of necessitye , & that is man , there you see medium participationis , a meane which participateth with the extremitye , but there can be no meane without two extreames , and there can be no one extreame without the other , and therefore of necessitye there must be a third agent which worketh freely as nature worketh of necessitye , and man partly of will & partly of necessitye . And that can be nothing else , but Deus liberrimum agens , euen God which worketh freelye that no power is able to withstand his worke . Therefore I conclude this point with Iob : Aske the beastes and they will teach thee , the foules of the heauen , and they will shewe thee : speake to the earth , and it will tell thee : the fishes of the sea , and they shall declare vnto thee : who is ignorant of all these , but the hand of the Lord hath made all these ? Secondly , to leaue the work-manship of the whole worlde , and to come to man alone which is but one little part of the same . If man goe no farther then him selfe , he shall see God most liuely in him selfe three manner of wayes : First in his conscience and vnderstanding , Secondly in his naturall inclination he hath to religion , Thirdly in the excellencye of the work-manship both of his bodye and his soule . Concerning the first : I say there is in euery man at some time or other an inward feeling of his conscience , which wil he nill he , maketh him to confesse there is a God. For , suppose a man for his wickednes to be a monster of men , a very slaunder and reproch to mankinde , as Nero was that slewe his Mother , his Master and him selfe : when he hath committed any haynous crime , he doth in his conscience see that God doth behold it , that God doth pursue him , that God wil worke reuenge although there be no witnes to accuse him , no humane power aboue him to execute iustice vpon him . I will not dwell vpon many exāples , neither wil I instance in Adam , which as soone as euer he had eaten the Apple hid him selfe from the presence of God in the thicket : in Herod which when he had beheaded Iohn the Baptist wrongfully , did think y t he was haunted by Iohn the Baptist his ghost , saying of Christ : surely this is Iohn risen from the dead , nor in Cain which but intending to murther his brother , watched a time when he was in the field out of the sight of his parents . I will not alleadge the authoritye of the Prophet which saith : Impius fugit , nemine persequente . The wicked man flyeth when no man doth pursue him : And of the Apostle which saith , The Gentils which haue not the lawe written ( meaning the Bible ) yet haue by nature the effect of the lawe of God written in their hearts , their conscience bearing witnes , and their thoughts accusing or excusing one an other : because they thinke the Bible to be a partiall iudge , and no way competent betweene them & vs , and therefore I will alleadge one or two examples out of indifferent Authors tending to the same purpose . Tully pleading for a man which was accused as a Parecide , or one which had murthered his owne father , alleageth this as an especiall proofe of his innocencie , that in the whole course of his behauiour after his father was slayne , nothing could be obserued in him which did sauour of a troubled conscience . And for the better cleering of Sextus Roscius whose cause was then in hand , he alleageth a former example of a father and his sonne , which in their trauayle tooke vp their lodging , and after supper lay together in one bed : the morowe after , the master of the house comming by chance into the chamber , found the father strangled in his bed and the sonne sleping by his side : when the matter was examined by the Iudges , the sonne was acquitted by the equitye of the lawe as a man innocent , because it was then held and by them so adiudged to be a matter impossible , that he should in so short a time haue slept if so be that he had committed murther . A man saith Tully which hath slayne his father , shall feele a thousand vexations and furyes of hell tormenting his conscience , according to that saying of the wise man : A good conscience is a continuall feaste , but non est pax impijs , no inward peace , no quietnes of conscience with such men as are notoriouslye wicked . A man I say , that hath committed any crying sinne , shall betraye him selfe by the working of his owne conscience , it will not suffer him to take his bodily rest , it will alter his very face and countenance , as the Poet saith : Heu quam difficile est crimen non prodere vult● ? Oh how hard a thing is it for a man to keep his countenance , & not to blush which hath committed an offence ? The Lord said to Cain after he had committed murther : Why is thy countenance cast downe ? such a man feareth the wagging of euery leaf , and the flying of euery bird . An obnox ous man watching , is like to a phrensie man sleeping , for the one resteth not sleeping , and the other resteth not waking , he cannot sit still hee cannot lye stil , he cannot stand still , nor abide long in any place . Caligula the tyrant was afeard of euery blast . Nero when he had massacred the christiās , put St. Paul to the sword , St. Peter to the gibbet , was so terryfied by apparitions , as he thought , of S t , Paul and St. Peter which appeared at his bedside in a dreame : and after he had put his mother Agrippina to death , he was so terrified in his conscience , that he knewe not where to bestowe him selfe , at the end for very greife of minde , he ran into a priuye , and there stabbed himselfe . That I may come to religion . Tully saith : Sunt qui negant Deos procurationem habere rerum humanarum , quorum sententia falsa est , quoniam sic omnis religio inanis esset . Religion sheweth there is a God , for if there were no God , then could there be no religion . But euery mans soule naturally hath somtimes a feeling of religion , although he dispise God and religion neuer so much . This appeareth by the very heathens them selues , which , be they neuer so rude and barbarous , and depriued of the knowledge of God , yet doe make vnto themselues idols euen of their owne accorde , as Mr. Caluin verye well obserueth : Dei conceptionis apud Ethnicos , saith he , idolotria satis est argumenti , quum lapidem potius quam nullum deum colant , y e mansown conceit doth naturally leade him to knowe there is a God , the verye idolatrie of the heathens is a sufficient proofe , which chose rather to worship a stone , then no God at all . And as Statius saith : Primus in orbe Deos fecit timor , as soone as men be in danger and extremitye , be they neuer so vngodly , yet they erect Altars , carue Images , flye to thē for succour , shewing that in their owne naturall iudgement which they haue by the light and instinct of nature , there is one higher then them selues , one whose power is aboue the power of man to whome they ought to flye vnto for help and deliuery out of trouble , and who is that but God ? Nay , witnes in this point the Atheistes them selues that there is a God , for in their extremitye of greife they crye out ô God. It is an olde and true Prouerb : Qui nescit orare transeat mare , if a man knowe not how to serue God , let him sayle vpon the sea , and it will make him to serue God. When the Lord sent a great winde that the Ship was like to be rent , the Mariners were afeard , & euery one cryed vnto his God , they said vnto Ionas : Thou sleeper arise , and call vpon thy God , if so be that God will think vpon vs that we perish not , and ( as the Text saith ) Then the men feared the Lord exceedingly , and offered sacrifices vnto him , and made vowes . And for this cause namely , that men by the instinct of nature doe incline to religion , and a man is as much distinguished from a beast by his feeling of religion as by his reasonable soule ; After the floud , Mercurius Trismegistus and Menna prescribed lawes and rules of religion to the Aegiptians , Melissus to the Cratians , Ianus , to the Latines , Numa Pompilius to the Romanes , Orpheus and Cadmus to the Grecians , aswell as Moses and Aaron to the Hebrues , the difference onely this , that the Hebrues were in the right way , al the rest in the wrong . But yet all nations besides had their Priests , their Altars , their Gods , their rules and principles of the religion which they professed , which is an argument , that by nature they knewe there was a GOD. And that I may descend vnto the work-manship of man to shewe that there is a God , It is truely said , that hominis fabricatio est innumeris Dei testimonijs ornata , the verye work-manship of man him selfe doth aboundantly witnes that there is a God. Let vs therefore first of all looke into the soule of man , and afterward into the state of his bodye . There is in it not onely an infinite capacitye , in so much that the more it knoweth , the more it is able to learne , It is able to conceiue not onely the whole worlde , but also two worldes , yea infinite worldes , It is of infinite desire which is neuer satisfied . I will not speak of Daniel which was called : vir multorum disideriorum a man of manye desires , nor of Moses which in this transitorye life desired to see the very face of God , but of Alexander the great , which when he thought he had subdued the whole worlde , yet was not therewith contented , but affected more worldes : and hearing a Philosopher say there were infinite worldes , wept for greife to thinke how great a labour it should be for him to subdue them all , as if he had hoped to conquer all . Mans appetite is neuer satisfied : giue him a Citye , he desireth a Kingdome : giue him a kingdome , he affecteth an Empire : giue him an Empire , he desireth a worlde . If he could be made Lord of the whole world , and knew that besides that there were no more , yet would he not rest there , but desire somwhat which is greater then the worlde , And what can that be but only God ? So then , forasmuch as man is not satisfied with knowledge and contemplation , but laboureth to knowe more ( that still Aristotles proposition shall be veryfied in him : Omnes homines naturaliter scire desiderant , all men naturallye are desirous of knowledge ) neither yet with possession , but desireth to haue more : what can that be but Dei maiestas in mente & voluntate tanquam in speculis reflexa et vnita , euen the Maiestie of God in mans minde and in his will as it were in two glasses seene , and reflected backe againe ? Againe , forasmuch as the proper obiect of the minde is truth as Tully writeth , but the minde of man is infinite , as I haue declared , the obiect must be correspondent vnto the minde , therefore truth must be infinite , and there must be no end of the knowledge and apprehension of truth . And forasmuch as that truth which is in creatures dependeth vpon vncertaintyes , therefore there is some other truth which is immutable and most certayne , and that is God. Also , the substance of mans soule hath not his originall or beginning from any materiall thing , because it is not of seed , as in due course I will proue vnto you , neither yet is it mortall , as I will shewe when I come to speake of the soule , Therfore it is not of any naturall cause , but is the effect of such a cause as is supernaturall , and metaphisicall , and that is God. But to leaue the soule of man and come to his bodye . Mercurius Trismegistus writeth of it in this sorte : Si vis opisicem etiam per mortalia intueri , cogita ô fili , hominis in vtero fabricam , & opificis exacte artificium expende , & disce quisuam artifex pulchram hanc & diuinam hominis imaginem cordat , quisnam sit qui oculos circumscribat , nares & aures perforauerit , os aperuerit , nertias extenderit & colligauerit , venas in canales efformauerit , ossa indurauerit , carni cutam circum diderit , digitos & articulos distiuxerit , pedibus basim dilatauerit , splenem extenderit , poros cauauerit , heper latum fecerit , pulmonem perforauerit , ventrem capac●●… fecerit , honorabilia palam figurauerit , turpia absconderit ? vide quot artes in vna materia quis haec omnia fecit ? qua mater ? quis pates ? nisi solus immanifestus Deus ? If thou ( ô man ) wilt see the inuisible workeman , doe but thinke vpon man how he is framed in the wombe : who made his eyes round , his eares and nostrels holowe , his mouth open ? who stretched out his sinewes , hardned his bones , skinned his flesh , parted his fingers ? who made the passage from his veynes ? who widened the bottomes of his feet , dilated his splene , who opened his pores & his lunges , dilated his liuer , made his belly of such capacitye , his honest partes to be open , and his secret partes to be hidden ? who did all these thinges but onely the inuisible God ? A third reason to proue there is a God , is the generall consent , not onelye of the learned men of the worlde , but also of the worlde it selfe . And why should any fewe wicked men thinke them selues wiser then the worlde ? The denyers of the God head haue beene these men of name : Diagoras , Theodotus , Cyrenaeus , Euemarus Tegeates , Callimachus , Podicus , Caeus , Plinius , Lucianus , Lucretius , Doletus , Epicurus : some of them denying that there was a God , others that he tooke the care of gouerning and guiding the worlde , and besides these , verye fewe . But as for the famous and learned Philosophers of the worlde , they confessed there was a God. Empedooles said : Deus est cuius centrum est vbique , circumferentia autem nusquam , God his center is euerye where , his circumference no where . Socrates called him magnum Iudicem the great Iudge , as Tully witnesseth : Plato acknowledged him in all his workes , Aristotle the greatest of all , which in deed was equiualent to all the Philosophers , I may iustlye say , there is almost no leafe in his workes , but in it he inserteth the name of God ( euen as almost no page of the Bible but in it is vnderstood the name of Christ ) who is called by him : prima causa , causa causarum , ens entium , primus mortor , author omnium , lux aterna , simplicissimus actus , conditor mundi , infinitus , immensus , inaffabilis Deus , The first cause , the cause of causes , the essence of all thinges of whome all things haue their being , the first mouer , the author of all thinges , the eternall light , most pure act , maker of the world , infinite , vnmeasurable , vnspeakable God. Aristotle when he liued , was accused by Hiero the Priest , because , Contra patrios mores & ritus multitudine deorum vnum solum & ●erum Deum agnouit , Contrary to the religion of his countrye where many Gods were worshipped , he acknowledged but one onely true God. And when he dyed , the last wordes which he spake were these : Ens entium miserere mei , God haue mercy vpon me . The like was acknowledged by Mercurius Trismegistus . Quid Deus ? immutabile bonum . Mundus factus est propter hominem , & homo propter Deum . What is God ? an immutable goodnes , the worlde was made for man , and man for God. Ego fi lt , et humanitatis gratia et erga Deum pictatis haec scribo . I write this tract ( my sonne ) in regarde of my loue to vardes man , and my dutye towards God. Illud vero ex mente lucidum verbīs filius Det , that same pure worde which is borne of God is the sonne of God. Natura diuina principium entium , the diuine nature is the beginning of all thinges . Deus et pater , & bonum eandem habent naturam , quid est Deus , pater , & bonum , quam omnium esse ? God the Father , and Goodnes , haue the same nature , what is God , the Father , and Goodnes , but the very essence , and being of all thinges ? Here is a manifest acknowledgement of the Trinitye . To leaue particular men , what answere the Atheists to the iudgement of the worlde ? the consent of nations ? Tully draweth his argument in this manner : Deus esse non est dubitandum , quoniam corum notitiam omnium animis ipsa impressit natura , that there is a God , it is without question , because all nations doe acknowledge and confesse him by the instinct of nature . But in an other place saith he : Omnium consensus vox naturae est , the consent of all men is the voyce of nature it selfe . I haue shewed how all nations imbrace some religion or other , haue their Altars , their Priests , their Gods : as the Hebrues from Moses , so the Egiptians from Mercury , the Cretians from Melissus , the Latins frō Ianus , the Romans from Numa , the Greckes frō Orpheus and Cadmus , and all nations from one or other . St. Augustin saith , concerning miracles : Non nunc necessaria sunt , vt olim , miracula , tum facta erant necessario priusquam crederet mundus , ad hoc vt crederet mundus , quisquis autem adhuc , vt credat prodigia requirit , magnum est ipse prodigium , qui mundo credente , non credit . Now miracles are not so necessary as in times past they were , before they were necessary , that so the worlde might beleeue , but now he is a miracle his selfe that will not beleeue , because the world beleeueth . But say I , as he is a wonder that will not beleeue that which the worlde beleeueth : so he is a monster which will not confesse that which the world confesseth . A fourth argument to proue there is a God , is the great multitude of miracles which haue beene manifested to the worlde , euen such things as are farre aboue the strength of nature , & therfore needs must proceed from some higher & supernaturall cause , and who is that metaphysicall cause but euen Natura naturans , God him selfe . For example , slightly to passe ouer so many earthquakes , which haue ouerthrowne whole Cityes , as Eutropius sheweth how the yeare after St. Pauls death , the Citye of Colossus was swallowed vp for despising St. Pauls doctine . They are not vnacquainted with the Historiographers which shewe how by an earthquake the Iland of Sicily was made an Iland being before one maine continent with Italy , how Europe and Africa were parted when Spaine was deuided from Barbary which before were one land ? And that I may speak that which mine eyes haue seene , Vienna the cheife Citye of Austria is now more subiecte to earthquakes then other places in the worlde besides , in so much that there is scarce one house in the Citye which hath not one rent or other in the stone wall , which came onely by earthquakes . And because that place hath beene more subiecte to earthquakes then other places , one of the Bishops of that Sea heretofore deuised a certaine prayer continually to be said in the Churches of Vienna to this effect , that God would defend that Citye from earthquakes . Let the Atheist satisfie me by a natural reason concerning this poynt , else let him confesse that there is a supernatural cause , which if they doe , that is God. What can they saye to so manye strange Eclipses , to so manye prodigious raines ? as when it rayned bloud , flesh , stones , coles of fire , of which they may read at large in Liuy , Plutarch and other authors ? what say they to so many comets appearing in the ayre , after which stil doe insue the death of so many Princes , as namely the Comet which appeared in the yeare 1506. after which ensued the death of Philip King of Spayn sonne and heyre to Maximlian the Emperour , Philip Prince Elector of Rhene , Albert Duke of Bauaria , Pope Iuly the second , Iohn King of Suecia and Noruegia , Lewis king of France , Maximiliā the Emperour , the Bish . of Spire , the Archbishops of Colen & Magdeburg , the venetiā wars , the wars between the Turke and the Persian , the King of Denmarke Christian driuen out of his Kingdome , Hungary inuaded and Rhodes taken by the Turke . Lewis King of Hungary slayne , who can giue a naturall reason of this , and many other like vnto this ? But I will stand especially vpon two things which haue troubled the wise men of the world , let the Atheists yeild naturall reasons how these things could be , else let thē cōfesse there is a God w c is aboue nature . First the Starre which apeared at the birth of our Sauiour being neither a fixed starre , nor yet a Planet , for it was nothing like vnto either of them , if we doe respecte the motion of it , the place where , and the time when it apeared , and the vse whervnto it serued , For , it neither moued as the fixed starres from the Est to the West , nor as the Planets from the West to the Est , but from the Est to the South , the like neuer heard of before nor since . When the Sunne shined it also shone , when the wise men came to Palestina it went before them , when they came to Ierusalem it vanished away , when they went to Bethleem it went before them againe , as if it were a creature indued with reason and vnderstanding , it shewed them the verye house where the Childe did lye , whereas a naturall starre by reason of the great distance betweene heauen & earth , could not discouer vnto them the place and scituation of a great Citye , much lesse of a small house : when they went forward , it went forward , whē they stood still , it stood still , And as St. Augustin saith : Quid erat illa stellanisi magnifica lingua coeli , quae nec vnquam antea inter sidera apparuit , nec postea demonstranda perntansit ? quid erat nisi magnifica lingua coeli , quae gloriam Dei narraret , quae inusitatum virginis partum inusitato fulgore clamaret , cui non postea apparenti euangelium toto Orbe succederet ? What starre was that which was neuer seene before nor since , but the wonderfull voyce of heauen which should declare the glory of God , and publish to the worlde , the vnvsuall Child-bearing of a Virgin , by an vnvsuall brightnes , which should neuer afterward apeare againe , but in steed of it should be the glorious Gospell of Iesus Christ ? If you aske me what proofe I haue besides the Gospell that euer there apeared such a starre : witnes Ignatius which sawe our Sauiour in the flesh , Prudentius the Poet , Macrobius a professed enemye to Christiā religion , which testifieth the same . And it is not vnworthy of obseruatiō , that not the Maniches . not Celsus , not Porphu●y , not Iulian in al their cauels against the story of the Gospel , did no way so much as in a word take exceptiō against this storye of the star● might eleuate or extenuate the truth thereof . And therfore concerning this , I may say with Ignatius , Hinc euanuir mundi sapientia , praestigiae factae sunt nugae , magia risus , omnes ritus malitiae aboliti , ignorantiae caligo fugata , quum Deus & homo apparuit , & homo vt Deus operabatur . In this the wisdome of the worlde was preued to be but follye , the wise in their wisdomeme it proued but a toy , their magicke ridiculous , all their superstitious rites were abolished , the clowdes of ignorance dispersed , when God apeared to the worlde as a man , and man as if he were God. And secondly what naturall cause can they alleage of that great Eclipse of the Sun , which contrarye to nature lasted from the sixt houre to the ninth , and darkened the face of the whole earth ? For first of all the Astrologers knew wel that al eclipses of the Sunne which haue beene from the beginning of the worlde ( that onely excepted ) haue beene according to the rules of Arte and the nature of an eclipse , which Iohannes de sacrobusto desineth in this manner : Est interpositio Lunae inter aspectum nostrum & solare corpus , An interposition of the Moone betweene the body of the Sunne and our sight , which , as he saith , cannot be ; but quum Luna fuerit in capite vel cauda Draconis , vel prope , vel infra metas supradictas , & in coniunctione cum Sole . When the Moone is in the head or tayle of the Dragon , or there abouts , and in coniunction with the Sunne . And forasmuch therefore as the Eclipse of the Sunne which was at the time of the passion of our Sauiour Christ , was when it was plenilumium , a ful Moone , not coniunctio siue nouilunium , not a coniunction of the Sunne with the Moone , or newe Moone , he concludeth that it was no naturall Eclipse , but cleane contrary to the rules of Astronomye and the course of nature . Againe , he sheweth that when the Sunne is Eclipsed , all the earth is not darkened , but onely one Climat , because of the difference of the aspectes in diuers Chmats , but this Eclipse darkned the whole earth , therefore it was supernaturall , and to the astonishment of the world , insomuch y t Dionysius the Arcepagi●e at the very time of the Eclipse , beholding of it , cryed out on a suddaine Aut Deus naturae paetitur , aut mundi machina dissoluitur . Either the God of nature doth this day suffer , or the frame of the worlde shall be dissolued . Againe , darkenes continued for the space of three howers which could not be , if it had bene a naturall Eclipse , therefore it was supernaturall , and of it saith St. Chrisostom : Non poterat ferre creatura iniuriam creatoris , vnde Sol detraxit radios suos , ue videret impiorum facinora . The creature could not with pacienceindure the wrong done to the Creator , and therefore the Sunne withdrewe his beames because he would not beholde so wicked a fact as that the Lord of glorye should so vngraciouslye be put to death . But the Atheists will aske me , how I can make proofe by any sauing the Euangelist , that there was euer such an Eclipse ? I answerd forasmuch as at that time when the Eclipse was , darkenes was not onely in Iudea but throgh al the whole worlde , and therefore at that time not onely Dionysius the Arcopagite , but also the inhabitants of the whole earth could witnes , as St , Origen answered . But least they should thinke we are vtterly voyde of the testimoney of heathen writers : Origen disputing against Celsus the Epicure , an enemye to the Christian faith , proueth it vnto him , not by the the testimony of the Gospel , but of Phlegon a famous Chronicler , seruantto Adrian the Emperer as Suidas reciteth Phlegons wordes , Phlegon his selfe did giue his owne iudgement of this Eclipse that it was prodigious . And Tertullian disputing with the Gentiles , proueth the same Eclipse out of their owne Writers , saying : Et eum mundi casum relatum in archiuis vestris habetis . Ye haue the verye same occurrent registred in your owne recordes . A fifte reason to proue there is a God , is the varietye of punishments which haue been inflicted vpon the Atheists from time to time which haue denyed God : Holophernes which being so great a warriour , beheaded in the middle of his owne Campe by a sillye woman , Lucian deuoured with dogges , Iulian the Apostata strookē dead with a darte frō heauen , Arrius who died with his belly breaking & his bowelles gushing out as he sate vpō the priuye , Olympius washing him selfe in a bathe , and blaspheming the Trinitye , while manye men looked vpon him , was consumed suddenly with three fierye dartes , the poyntes of all three meeting in one . Let the Atheists shewe how these thinges could otherwise be done , but by the extraordinary hand of Almighty God , or else if they cannot , let them confesse the God which did these thinges . A sixt reason to proue there is a God , is the confession of the deuils them selues . For what one deuill confesseth , is the confession of them all , for regnum diuisum non potest stare , the kingdome of Sathan being diuided within it selfe cannot stand . Neither will I for confirmation hereof alleage the authority of St Iames which saith , They beleeue and tremble , of St. Luke which writeth of the deuils confession saying : Christ I knowe , and Paul I knowe : of St. Marke , where the deuill saith to our Sauiour : I knowe thee that thou art euen that holy one of God , neither how Moses his rodde deuoured the serpents which was made by the sorcerers of Aegipt , how they could not make lyce , because their power was restrayned by an higher power , the finger of God , how Dagon fell downe before the Arke of God , & could not stand in the Chappel where it stood : because they snall not say I am partiall . But what answer can they make to the generall silence of all Oracles , that so many Oracles speaking before the time of our Sauiour Christ , all were by him put to silence ? What answer can they make to that famous storye of the Oracle of Apollo at Delphus , which when Augustus the Emperor offered sacrifice vnto him , to knowe the reason of that vnwonted silence vnheard of in former times : gaue this for the last answer , as being neuer to speake againe . Me puer Hebraeus , diuos deus ipse gubernans Cedere sede iubet , tristemque redire sub orcum . Aris ergo dehinc tacitus abcedito nostris . Which answer being giuen , Augustus erected an Altar in the Capitoll of Rome , with this inscription ingrauen vppon it : ARA PRIMOGENITI DEI. The Altar of the first begotten Sonne of God. Seeing therefore the deuils haue confessed God the Father and his Sonne Christ , such men as will not confesse the same , are in that poynt worsse then deuils . Last of all , it stan leth with good reason that it should be the safest opinion for the Atheists to holde that there is a God. For if so be that there were no God , there could come no hurt vnto them for thinking so , because all men besides them selues holding the same , there were none that would punish them for their opinion . But if so be that there be a God , ( as I haue prcued vnto them that there is ) surelye one day he will torment them in hell fire for their contempt , because they would not belceue in him , and confesse his name . Therefore I conclude with the Apostle : Corde creditur ad iusticiam , orefit confessio ad salutem , Let the heart belecue to righteousnes , and the tongue consesle vnto saluation . At the name of Iesus let euery knee bow , both of thinges in heauen , and thinges in earth , & thinges vnder the earth , and let euery tongue confesse , that Iesus Christ is the Lord , vnto the glorye of God the Father . Amen . Chapter 5. What God is ? SAint Chrisostom saith : Ego omne quod intelligo , sinc Christo , & Spiritu Sancto , & Patre , nolo intelligere , nisienim intellexero in Trinitate quae me seruabit , mihi dulceesse non potest quod intelligo . I can vnderstand no other God , when I heare the name of God mencioned , but the Father , the Sonne and the holy-Ghost . For vnlesse I vnderstandd it to be ment by the holy and vndiuided Trinitye , whereby I am saued , my vnderstanding shall content me nothing . So thē , according to S. Auguste : God is a diuine nature , consisting of three persons , the Father , the Sonne , the holy Ghost , God , the Lord , the Cōforter , He which begetteth , which is begotten , he which regenerateth & newe begetteth , Of one all things , In one al things , By one al things , Frō whence , By whome , & in whom are al things , Life w c liueth , Life of him which liueth , the quickner of al things which are liuing , One of him selfe , One of an other , One of thē both . The principles of humane artes and liberall sciences are by themselues 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not to bee proued by the same artes . An Arithmetician cannot proue by Arithmeticke that Omnis numerus est par aut impar , euerye number is euen or odde . The Musitian cannot proue by his owne Arte that two crotchets make a quauer , because these be principles of Arithmeticke and Musicke . All principles , as Aristoile teacheth in his Demonstrations , if they be demonstrated , must be demonstrated by the Metaphysics which are of an higher nature , but that the principles of the Metaphysics cannot be demonstrated because there is no higher science . But forasmuch as Diuinitye is the highest , it is enough for vs to belceue the principles thereof without farther serching , and happy is the man which seeth not the reason how they should be so , and yet belecueth that they are so . No man hath seene God at any time , because he is inuisible . Tully saith : Vtioculus , it a anima , sereliqua videns seipsum non videt , The eye seeth not it selfe , and the soule vnderstandeth other thinges better then it selfe , And that this saying : Nosce teipsum , know thy selfe , is meant in regarde of the soule of man , because it is so hard to conceiue what it is . But if so be that an eye cannot see it selfe , no meruaile though it haue not seene God , if a man cannot fullye vnderstand him selfe , how should he so perfectly conceiue and define what God is , which is so infinitelye aboue himselfe ? That which is finite him which is infinite , the creature the Creator , the pipkin the pipkin maker , he which is made of vile claye him that hath made all thinges of nothing ? But as Moses when he was a mortall and sinfull man was not able to beholde the glorye of God , and therfore sawe but his backe partes onelye as he passed by : So let vs which haue but shallowe braynes so far demonstrate faith by reason , as faith may be discerned by reason . The Philosophers , as S. Augustin saith , seeking after the nature of God , found that he could not be a body , & therefore concluded that he was farre more excellent then all bodyes , and therfore a Spirit : that he could not be subiect to change , and therfore that he was aboue all bodyes and soules which are subiect to alteration : that all mutable thinges haue their beginning from that which is without all shadowe of change or mutabilitye , and that hee which is not thus subiect is simply of him selfe depending of nothing but all other thinges haue their dependance on him . Againe , they considered that al substances are other bodyes or Spirits , and that a Spirit is more excellent then a bodie , but that to be moste excellent which hath made both the bodie and the Spirite . They considered likewise , that the shape of the body is discerned by the outward sences , and the spirit is perceaued by the vnderstanding , but that which is onely vnderstood is better then that which is seene , and that there was something more excellent then both these , & by so many waies God is known . Therfore , for asmuch as God is one simple essence , not compounded of any partes , not consisting of any accidents , and yet subsisting , and the Apostle speaketh of him in the plurall number saying : the inuisible things of him are seene by the creation of the worlde because the truth of God is knowne and perceaued by many meanes through the thinges which he hath made : by the continuance of his creatures is vnderstood his eternitie , by the greatnes of them his omnipotencie , by the excellent order wherby he hath disposed them his wisdome , by his gouernment and preseruation of them in that comely and decent order , his goodnes , and all these thinges doe belong to the vnitie of his substance . Therefore not to speake of the authoritie of the holy Bible , where at the Baptisme of our Sauiour , the blessed Trinitie did sencibly appeare , the Father in a voice , the Sonne in a man , the holy Ghost in a doue , how in the beginning the Father made , the Son spake , and the holy Ghost mooued vpon the waters , Bara elohins creauit dij , seu Deus Trinus , a verbe of the singular number is Ioyned to a nominatiue case of the plurall to shew that these three are one , how when three Angels came to Abraham his house , he prostrated himselfe to them as vnto God , which could not bee without the crime of idolatrie , vnlesse they had bin God : howe sometimes he spake to them in the plurall number as vnto three persōs , & sometimes in the singular as vnto one God : how the Angels crie in heauen , Holy , holy , holy , Lord God of Sabaoth , three times holy & once Lord to show that there were three persons & one God. But if I come onely to shewe the backe partes of God , so farre as by earthlie comparisons he may be made manifest vnto sinfull man : the Atheist doth aske how it can stand , with sence & reason that three should be one , and one should be three ? First let the Atheist take example by Olimpius the Arrian , which washing himselfe in the Bathe contempteously asked how this might be ? but was suddenly distroyed by three fierie dartes sent from heauen , and the pointes of these three ioyning all in one , to teach others by his example , howe it is necessarie to beleeue , but no way safe to make a doubt of the principles of Diuinitie , and to call into question such deep misteries of our faith , and yet to shew that three might be one , and one three . Secondly , the number of three are one number , & yet three vnities in Arithmetic , a triangle is three angles and one figure in Geometrie , three gimballes compacted together are one ring , & yet three as they be disioyned , and concerning these things do doubt is made . So you see by familiar examples how one may be three , and these three notwitstanding one . Thirdly , in the Sunne which shineth in the firmament , there are the bodie of the Sunne , the brightnes which proceedeth from the body , and the heate which procedeth from them both . So in the Trinitie , there is the Father from whome all thinges are , the Sonne which is the brightnes of his Fathers glorie , and ingrauen forme of his person , and the holy Ghost , which is the heate and loue of them both . Fourthly , in the fire there are light , flame , & heate , the fier cannot be deuided , neither can the Trinitie . Fiftly , there are three powers and faculties of the soule of man , the memorie , the vnderstanding , and the will , these three are seuerall faculties , yet the soule is one . All these three doe comprehend one another . For man remembreth that he hath memorie , will , and vnderstanding . The vnderstanding likewise comprehendeth al three , for man vnderstandeth that he hath vnderstanding , will and memorie . The will comprehendeth all three , for man is willing that he shall will , vnderstand , and remember . So the Father comprehendeth him selfe , the Sonne & the holy Ghost , the Sonne comprehendeth himselfe , the Father and the holy Ghost , the holy Ghost comprehendeth himselfe , the Father & the Son. Sixtlye , that which vnderstandeth , & that which is vnderstood , are all one , when the minde reflected vpon it selfe vnderstandeth it selfe . So , God the Father from euerlasting vnderstanding himselfe begat his Sonne coeternall with himselfe : as a vninitie is not of any other , but of it selfe , and yet begetteth a vnitie of it selfe : so God the Father which is of none , yet vnderstanding of himselfe , alierum se , non aliud generat , begetteth of himselfe an other , not in nature , but in person from himselfe , which yet is all one with himselfe . Againe that which vnderstandeth and is vnderstood is all one with that which is beloued , when the vnderstanding doth loue it selfe , and then it is one and the selfe same thing which loueth , and is beloued , and there is the holy Ghost , all one with the Father and the Sonne . And so , as it were in the glasse of nature is represented a liuely image of that essential loue and vnderstanding by which the Father , the Sonne , and the holy Ghost doe loue and vnderstand each other from all eternitie . Last of all , in euery thing which is made and framed by the arte of man , there be necessarilie three thinges , and yet these three make one , matter , shape , and order : by the matter is represented the Father , by the shape the Sonne which is the Image of his Father , by order the holy Ghost , which ordereth and disposeth all thinges . I conclude with St. Augustin : Te patrem ingenitum , te filium vnigenitum , te spiritum paracletum ab vtrisg , procedētem , colimus & veneramur , we praise & worship thee ô God the Father vnbegotten , the Sonne onely begotten , the holy Spirit the comforter proceeding from them both . Chapter . 6. That there is but one God. DAuid sayth that the God of Gods euen the Lorde hath spoken , and called the earth euen from the rising of the Sunne to the going downe therof . In which wordes notwithstanding , he doth not intimate that there be many Gods , but one , for he called the other Gods so , by a figure called Ironia , or Sarcasmus as . God did by Adam when he said : Beholde Adam is like one of vs , when he ment nothing lesse . Such Gods are but creatures as I haue shewed , & by nature they are not Gods. Such Gods were the Idols of the nations , of which S. Paule saith : they turned the truth of God into a lye , and worshipped the creature for the creatour . Such Gods were Dagon , Remphan , Astoroth , the Gods of the Philistines , Moabites , Sidonians . But euen as Aarons rodde deuoured the Serpents of the sorcerers , so the God of the Philistines Dagon fel down before . Arke the of the couenant where the true God was present , to shewe that such Gods were but counter faite Gods , and vaine like them which put their trust in them . Of such Gods saith S. Augustin . Nec ideo Troiaperijt quia Mineruam perdidit , quid enim ipsa prius Mincrua perdidit vt periret ? an forte , custodes suos ? hoc sane verum est , quippe illis , coesis potuit auferri , neque homines a simulachro , at simulacrum ab hominibus sernabatur Quo modo ergo celebratur vt patriam custodiret et ciues , quae suos non potuit custodire custodes ? Troy was not therfore ouerthrowne , because it lost the idoll of the Goddesse Minerua , but tell I pray you what the Idol did loose , first , that itself shold be also lost ? you will say shee lost her keepers , and ye say the truth , for when the keepers of her Temple were slaine , it was no masterie to steale the Goddesse away , for it was not the idoll that kept the man , but the man did keepe the Idoll . How absurde a thing therefore was it to worshippe such a Goddesse as a defendour and keeper of the Cittie , which was not able to keep her selfe , nor the keepers of her Chappell ? whereas Virgill sayth : Victosque Deos , paruumque nepotem , suosque tibi commendat Troia penates : Si autem Virgilius tales deos , & victos dicit , et vt vel victi quo quo modo euaderent , homini commendatos , que dementia est existimare his tutoribus Roman sapienter fuisse commissam , & nisi eos amisissat , non potuisse vastari ? Imo , Deos victos tanquam defensores colere , quid aliud est quam non numina bona , sed daemonia mala ? Non Roma perijsset si illi , perijssent ; sed illi multo antea perijssent , nisi eos Roma seruasset . Hector in Virgill sayth : his God was conquered , and hee commendeth them to the tuition of Aenaeas . But what madnesse was it to imagin that Rome was wisely committed to the protection of such Gods as were conquered , and had neede their selues of mans protection , and that Rome could not bee sacked so long as these Gods were in safetie ? Nay to worship conquered Gods as patrons of the Citie , is not to serue blessed Gods but damned deuils . Rome had not bin sacked ouer the sooner because they , were taken , but they had bin taken sooner , had they not bin kept by the Cittie . The Kingdome of the Iewes , saith St. Augustin , was founded by one God , and not by a multitude of Gods , and was maintained by that one God so long as they serued him . That one God multiplyed the people in Aegipt , but neither did their women vse the helpe of Lucina in their childe-birth , neither did the man vse the helpe of Neptune when they passed ouer the Red Sea , neither of the Nimphes when they dranke water out of the Rocke , neither of Mars when they conquered Amalac , but they obtained more at the handes of their owne God , then euer did the Romans at the handes of their multitude of Gods whome they serued . Lactantius proposeth this question , whether the world is gouerned by one God or manie ? Not to stand vpon his authoritie because he was a Christian , but to wey his reasons , because I dispute against neathens and insidels , which , as I shewed in the first Chapter are also comprehended vnder name of Atheistes , although they doe not denie God , because they serue , as the Apostle saith : the thinges which by nature are not Gods. What neede saith Lactantius , hath the worlde of many Gods ? Vnlesse they suppose that one of himselfe is not sufficient to vndergoe so great a burden ? which needes must be graunted , if euerie God of himselfe be not able without the assistance and helpe of an other . If any of them of himselfe be not omnipotent , then he is not a God , if he be omnipotent thēhe needeth not any partner . If God of him selfe bomnipotent , there can be but one , for if the diuine power be diuided among many Gods thē no one can be all sufficiēt of himselfe , but by how manie more they are in number , by so much the weaker they must be in power . He concludeth : Quid quod summa illa & diuina potestas , ne semel quidem diuidi potest , quicquid enim capit diuisionem , & interitum necesse est , si autem interitus , procul est a Deo. The diuine power which belongeth vnto God cannot be imparted vnto many , for whatsoeuer is capable of diuision is also subiect to corruption , thē the which thing , nothing can be more repugnant to the nature of God. Therefore there is but one God. I say therefore with the Apostle : Now to the King euerlasting , immortall , inuisible , vnto God onely wise , bee honour and glorie for euer and euer . Amen . Chapter . 7. That the Bookes of the Bible are the word of God. I Made mention before , of the Booke of nature , which might worthily be called Gods booke , because as I said , it was a letter or Epistle wherein God did make himselfe knowne vnto mankinde , and did instruct vs so farre as to knowe and confesse that there was a God. But because that knowledge was but bare and naked and no way sufficient to bring vs to saluation , onely it serued to make vs search and inquire farther , that by inquiring farther we might bee saued : there is an other booke which is more especially called Gods booke , I meane his holy Bible , wherin we are taught not onely to knowe God in his vissible creatures , but also , in his Sonne Iesus Christ whereby wee are saued . And it stood verse much with his Diuine wisdome so prouiding for euerye thing , as the seuerall nature and quallitie of each creature doth require , to write such a booke for mans instruction in his feare & true worship , because man cōsisteth of a body as wel a of as soule , and conceaueth visible things easier then such things as are onely spirituall and are not seene , and by such things as are subiect to his outward sences , man is brought to vnderstand . It pleased him therefore of his great mercie to instruct vs by these visible Characters , and written Letters which dayly we doe reade . And as S. Augustin saith : De illa ciuitate vnde peregrinamur , hae literae nobis venerunt , ipsae sunt Scripturae quae nos hortantur vt bene viuaenius . These letters sent vnto vs from that Cittie the heauenly Ierusalem from whence yet wee doe wander , & they are the Scriptures which doe exhorte vs to liue well . And I cannot denie , but the writers themselues of these holy bookes , were so immediately instructed from God himselfe which is the fountaine of all heauenly wisdome , that they needed no writings . But yet with vs it is otherwise , they are the foundation , wee are but the walles which are builded vpō that foundation , we ( saith the Apostle ) are builded vpon the foundation of the Prophets and the Apostles . Because by their writings we are edified , but they by whose meanes we are edified & builded , doe leane their selues immediately vppon the chiefe corner stone which is Iesus Christ . There are great oddes betweene the high mountaines and the little hillocks , and lowe valleyes , they are lightned immediately vpon the first rising of the Sunne , but light & heate commeth by degrees from them to the lower partes . As also God foresawe in his wisdome , and we know by experience of the former ages frō the beginning of the worlde vnto Moses , when there was no written worde , that there could not be veritatis et doctrinae puritatis salua custodia sine scripto , soundnesse of doctrine could not be preserued , but by committing of it to writing . And therefore it pleased God that these Volumes of the Bible should bee written . And that these are the holy Scriptures giuen by inspiration of God , profitable to teach , to conuince , to correct , and to instruct , that the man of God may be absolute to all good workes : That the man of God which writte them , spake inspired by the holy Ghost , that they were written for the saluation of mens soules , & not for the maintenāce of ciuil gouernment , I proue by these arguments following . The first is the truth of all the prophecyes which haue fayled in nothing , w c spake of things long before they came to passe , so certainely as if they had bin already fulfilled . And y t I may make due proofe therof , certissimus & fidelissimus vaticiniorum interpres est euentus : the surest & faithfull est interpreter of prophecies is the euent of thinges : Now wee see their predictions are alreadie come to passe , we are eye witnesses that they are true , which truth argueth that they were written by the finger of God which is the holy Ghost , which onely could not erre in writing , and not by man , for asmuch as all men are lyers , humanum est errare , it is the nature and propertie of a man to e●●e ▪ in so much that if hee bee without error , hee is not a man. And therfore it is impossible but in so manie predictions foretolde so many yeares before the time & so cōnary to humane reason , but they shold haue bin deceiued if men had bin the authors of these bookes . I will instance for breuitie sake in some one or two especiall thinges which may best serue for this purpose . The Scriptures foretolde long before the time that the world should be conuerted to Christian Religion , all Nations should beleeue and submit themselues to the obedience of the Faith , a thing in mans iudgement not to bee expected . For the Prophet saide concerning the Kingdome of Christ , I meane his Kingdome of the Gospell or of Grace . The Heathens raged , & the people murmured against the Lord and his Christ , but in vaine , the Kinges of the earth stood vp & banded them selues , and the Princes assembled themselues togeather . But he that sitteth in heauen shall laugh them to scorne , the Lord shall haue them in derision . Euen I haue set my King vpon Sion mine holie mountaine , I will declare the decree : that is , the Lorde hath saide to me , thou art my Sonne , this day haue I begotten thee , aske of me , and I shall giue thue the Heathen for thine inheritance , and the endes of the earth for thy possession . There could not be a more vnlikely thing foretolde , and yet it was fulfilled long since , no Atheist can denie it . Tertullian to this purpose saith : who was able to gouerne the world , but onely Christ of whome it was foretolde that his Kingdome should be extended ouer the whole world ? The Kingdome of Salomon saith her was confined within the Land of Iudaea from Dan to Beersheba , and his territories did reach no farther . Darius raigned ouer the Pabylonians and Persians , but no farther , Pharao ouer the Aegiptians , and there his dominion ceased . Nabuchodonozer was a great Monarche , yet he reigned not ouer the whole worlde , but onely from India vnto Aethiopia : the like may bee saide of the Greekes & the Romās , which were called the Lords of the world , and yet the whole world was not knowne vnto them , much lesse subdued by them . But as for the Kingdome of Christ , it hath extended it selfe farre and wide , the Gospell hath bin preached in al places , and receaued of all Nations of the Parthians , Medes , Elamites , the inhabitantes of Mesopotamia , Armenia , Phnygia , Cappadocia , Aegipt , Pamphilla , Asia , Africa , and the vttermost Indies . Of this assertion there bee so many recordes , that it cannot bee denyed . As for some few things which are foretolde in the Scriptures & not yet fulfilled , as namely , the conuersion of the Iewes , and the destruction of Antichrist , the time is not yet come to passe that they should be fulfilled , for all thinges must be performed in that due time which God in his secret wisdome hath appointed . There are other thinges also foretolde which must goe immediately before the ende of the world , which are not yet performed because as you see the ende is not yet . But it is a sufficient argument to induce Infidelles to beleeue that all these thinges shall come to passe , because they see all other things alreadie performed in their time and order . For as hee that sometimes lyeth shall not bee beleeued though hee tell the truth so hee which alwaies hath tolde the truth , cannot without impietie bee suspected of fallhood , God cannot deceaue or bee deceaued . And which is not to bee omitted : St. Peter did prophecie that at the latter end there should bee such Atheistes , which should denie these thinges , and the Prophecie is now verified , otherwise this my labour might haue bene spared , their impiety maketh it good which the Prophet hath foretolde . Againe there is in Daniel an auncient Prophecie concerning the death of our Sauiour Christ , euen the verie time and computation of yeares is defined when hee should be put to death . Seauenty weekes , ( saith hee , ) are determined vpon thy people , and vpon the holy Cittie , to finish the wickednesse , and seale vp the sinnes , and reconcile the iniquitie , and bring in euerlasting righteousnesse , & to annoynt the moste holy . From the going foorth of the commaundement to bring againe the people , and build Ierusalem : to Messias the Prince shall bee 69. weekes , and after he shall bee slaine , but so , that for one weeke hee shall teach , but in the middle of the weeke hee shall cause the Sacrifice and oblation to cease . But these weekes are annuae hebdomadae , euery weeke is seauen yeares and so reckoning weekes consisting of yeares , & not onely of daies , as for euery day in the weeke should be reckoned a yeare , 70. of Daniels weekes make 490. yeares . But the Temple which was the first and cheifest thing reaedified in Ierusalem began in the second yeare of Cyrus , the builders were hindred 42. yeares as it appeareth out of the Gospell , and in the 46. yeare it was finished , because the laste 4. yeares they had quietnes . Longimanus in the second yeare of his raigne giuing foorth a newe edict that they should builde without molestation , and no man vnder payne of death should hinder the workemen , as in times past they had done . From the second year therfore of Longimanus the Emperour , to Alexander the great , were 145. yeares , from Alexander to the natiuitye of our Sauiour 310. from his birth to his baptisme 30. these being put together , make yeares 485. so the 69. weekes make 482. yeares , but at his baptisme the whole 482. yeares that is 69 , were fullye complete and ended . In the next weeke or 7. yeares , our Sauiour taught the people , and in the middle thereof , that is in the fourth yeare he was put to death : What Iewe or Atheist can except against the truth of this Prophecye ? A second proofe that the bookes of the Bible are the worde of God , is the generall consent and agreement of so many writers , which writ at diuers times , in diuers places remote one from an other , in diuers languages , and vpon diuers occasions , all writing of one and the selfe-same subiect , all agreeing in Doctrine , none contradicting other , that they might not so fitlie bee termed diuers writers as diuers pennes of the same writer . The bookes of Moses were written in the wildernesse , of Iosua , Iudges , and the Kinges in the land of Promise : of Daniell in Babylon : the workes of St. Paule some at Rome , some in other places as Athens , Ephesus , Laodicea , Nicapolis : St. Iohns reuelation in Pathmos , the Booke of Iob no man knoweth by whome , when , nor where . The Bookes of Moses about 2554. yeares after the creation of the worlde : the Psalmes , some of them 605. yeares after Moses , the bookes of Ezra after the returne from Captiuitie about 605. yeares after Dauid by whome manie of the Psalmes were made . Betweene Dauid and the Captiuitie , Esay and Osee vnder King Ioathan , Achaz , and Ezechiaz : Ieremie vnder Iosias , Ioachim , & Zedechias , Ezechiel , Abacuc & Daniel in Captiuitie , and the whole new Testament long after the olde , yet all agree as the diuers thunders which haue one voyce , foure Beastes which sing one song , Vox tamen vna manet , qualem decet esse sororum . Damascen compareth them to a Garden bedecked with varyetie of hearbes of excellent vertue , which are to be gathered one by one , and yet to make one Garland : or diuers precious stones in one brest-plate of Aaron the Priest : and as Cyrillus speaketh , The Kings daughter hath a Coate of diuers colours , yet one garment Colligitis flores ad spirituales texandas coronas sed ex omni flore spiritus sancti spirat fragnantia . Whereas if man had written , not beeing guided by the holye Ghost ; they would haue differed as much one from the other , as a Mulberrye Tree doth from a Mirtle , as Iohn the Baptist did from Ieremye , and Christ from Iohn the Baptist , as the Iudges of Susanna , or the witnesses which made reporte of our Sauiour Christ . A third proofe is the stile , and manner of writing , the olde Testament being written in Hebrue , because it was written to the Iewes , The newe in Greeke , because it was written to the Gentiles , to whome that language was most familiar , and best vnderstood , although they were not Grecians that did write it . And yet the tongues in which the olde and newe Testament were written , so differing one from the other : the same idiotisme and proprietye of speach in both Testaments vsed , continuall Hebraeismes aswell in the newe as in the olde , doe shewe that they were written by one and the selfe-same spirit , that still God might speake like vnto him selfe . The languages also being more fitte for the worde of God to be written in then other tongues , as more significant , more copious , and indeed , no other language being capable enough of that sacred storye , as Benedictus Arias Montanus verye learnedly hath obserued . For , first , sayeth hee , Eorum , qui transferunt duplex est consilium , alij enim student perspicuitati , alij proprietati , quorum vtrumque vnà opera prestari non potest , quum tamen vtrumque sit in archetypo eodem opera a spiritu sancto demandatum , suggestum , neutrum vllo modo praetermissum . These , saith he , which translate the Bible , some of them endeauour to be perspicuous , others to keep the proprietye of the tongue , but neither can performe both , that is , to obserue the propriety of the tongue , and yet be perspicuous , whereas the holy Ghost in the originall hath obserued both . Secondly , Ea the nata quae carent punctis varie legi possunt secundum varias Grāmaticae regulas , quae autenpunctis distincta sunt , varias admittunt significationes , quae tamen Spiritue Dei exsua sapien ianobis ambigua tradidit , vt omnia quae varietas illa complectitur , intimis sensibus reponamus . Eadem autem vox quae in archetypo , ambigua est , non potest alia lingua reddi ambigua , si vero ambigua reddi non possit vt est in archetypo , fit vt illa sententia non reddatur integra sed manca , quam Spiritus sanctus de industria ambiguā tradidit , vt in vtramque partem interpretaremur . Those Hebrue rootes which are without prickes , may be read and co●stered diuers wayes according to the Gramatticall rules , they which are distinguished with prickes , are also ambiguous , which notwithstanding the holy Ghoste , did vpon set-purpose deliuer thus ambiguous vnto vs , of his infinite wisdome , that wee might vnderstand and conster them diuers wayes . But the word which is thus ambiguous in the Hebruew or Greeke , cannot bee fitted by a worde in latine or any other language which shall bee answerable to it in ambiguity , and because it cannot bee ambiguous in the interpreter as well as in the Originall , it is deliuered vnto vs maymed and as it were defectiue , which the holy Ghost would haue to be more full and perfecte , containing this varietie of senses , by reason of the ambiguitie . And therefore all tongues sauing the Greeke and Hebrue , in comparison of them , are vnworthie of that great maiestie of the holy Ghost . For example , the word Barac in the Hebrue tongue signifieth both to blesse and to curse , the worde is vsed in the storie of Iacob which called his Children before him as he lay in his death-bed , & prophecied to them , in which Prophecie some hee blessed and some hee cursed . Now the translation hath : Benedixit , he blessed : thus their Father spake vnto them , euery one of them blessed he with a seuerall blessing . Ieroms translation hath it in this manner : Haec loquutus est eis pater suus , benedixitque siagulis benedictionibus proprijs . Now it cannot be a perfect translation , whē it is thus translated : He blessed them al. For he curssed some . Neither yet had it beene well translated in this manner : He curssed them all . For he blessed some . Because therefore there is no worde answerable to Barac which signifieth both to blesse and to cursse , no tongue is so capable of this storye as the Hebrue . As for Reuben , when he saide vnto him : Thou wast light as water , thou shalt not be excellent because thou wentest vnto thy Fathers bed , then didst their defile my bed , thy dignitye is gone ; It was no blessing . And when he said vnto Simeon and Leui , Bretheren in euill , the instruments of crueltye are in their habitations , into their secret let not my soule come , my glorye bee not thou ioyned with their assemblye , for in their wrath they slewe a man , and in their selfewill they digged downe a wall , curssed be their wrath , for it was fierce , & their rage , for it was cruell , I will deuide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel : These wordes were not such wordes as might importe anye blessing , Therefore saith he ; Ideo visum est Deo scripturas hac potissimum lingua exaratas voluisse , qui simplici sua inimensaque sapientia omnia inuenit , vt multa etiam consilij sui mysteria vnica voce declararet . It pleased God , which by his single and infinite wisdome sound out and deuised all thinges , to deliuer the Scriptures in this tongue aboue others , that so in one simple worde he might declare many mysteryes vnto vs. The Greeke tongue goeth before the Latin , because it is more copious & significāt . For example : this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is by some trāslated : incredulitye , by others disobedience , and it signifieth both , But the translator could finde no Latin worde which may include both disobedience and incredulitye . But as for the Hebrue , it goeth farre beyond it , maiestate , pondere , numero , significatione , in maiestye , weight , number , signification , witnes the Sonne of Syrach in the very prologue before his booke . Likewise , besides the two tongues Hebrue & Greeke wherein the Bible is written , and the idiotisme or propryetye of the Hebrue onelye in both , to shewe that the same spirit writte both , that God , whether hee spake Hebrue or Greeke vnto vs , still he might speake after one manner , and so be like none but him selfe : the verye simplicitye of the style not fauouring of humane eloquence , and the verye discretion which is vsed in euerye booke concerning the style , still applyed to the capacitye of them who especiallye and aboue others were written vnto , doe argue that men could not be the authors of these books . If we doe examine the wordes , the sentences , the arguments , the matter , forme : we shall finde many times that there is difficultye in the wordes , grauitye in the sentences , acutenes in the arguments , rare inuention and great choyce in the matter , a scholler-like methode obserued in the forme of writing , tropes , grammer figures , exornations of rhethoricke , all thinges proued according to the rules of logicke , and yet notwithstanding all these , a vulgar and familiar kinde of speech is vsed . For God him selfe , the Angelles , the Prophets speaking vnto men , doe accommodate them selues to our capacitye , to the vnderstanding of plow-men , of shepherds , of women , of children , that the conuersion of the world may not be ascribed vnto mans wisdome , or humane eloquence , or any other thing that is in man. The holy Ghost doth not write like Demosthenes , that it may be said : Where is the Scribe , the subtil disputer ? &c. he hath made their wisdome foolishnes . But St. Peter was able to perswade more with one Sermon , then all the nations of the worlde with their Orations , more in an hower then they in their life , more by his simple kind of style , thē they by al their eloquēce . Magnus Ciprianus Orator , sed maior Petrus Piscator . Ille misit sagenam in mare & piscatus est orbem . Non per oratorem Deus lucratus est piscatorem sed per piscatorem oratorem , Saith a learned Father , St. Ciprian was a great Orator , but St. Peter a greater Fisher , He cast his nette into the sea and caught the worlde , God did not conuert the Fisher-man by the Orator , but he conuerted the Orator by the Fisher . St. Paul when he writ to the Romans , writ learnedly and profoundly , because he writ to men that bore high mindes , and did expect learning at his handes , he writ to the Corinthians after an other manner , as vnto men not of so great capacitye : when he writ to the Galathians he altered his style , vnto the Hebrues which had a preiudice of his person , in such sort that they might not suspecte the Epistle to come from him . St. Iohn writing to a Ladye , writ in a lowely manner , and in such sort as he might best befit a woman . There is the discretion and wisdome of the holy Ghost , which in men is neuer seene . The fourth proofe that the Bible is the worde of God , is euen God his selfe , which neuer would suffer that book to be prophaned . For Ptolomye marueyling why no Poets nor Historiographers writ concerning these misteryes of Faith ? answer was made vnto him by Demetrius Phalerius , that it was the holy Scripture , & therefore that all prophane writers which went about to write of the same , were presently plagued of God from heauen , and so caused to desist and relinquish their worke which they tooke in hand : that Theopompus because he went about to illustrate some parte of the Scripture in the Greeke tongue , was so troubled in his minde , that he could proceed no farther . And that Theodorus a maker of Tragoedyes , because he endeuoured to insert some parte of the Scriptures into his Tragoedye , was presently stroken blind , like Elymas the Sorcerer , of whome we read in the story of the Gospell . Fiftly , the argument followeth well which Necodemus vseth to confirme the doctrine of our Sauiour Christ . Master saith he , I knowe thou art a teacher come from God , for no man can doe these thinges which thou dost vnlesse God were with him . And , therefore our Sauiour saith in an other place : Operibus credite Beleeue the workes . And therefore against Alexander the great , and Domitian the Tyrant , which would haue beene accounted Gods , S t Ambrose vseth this arguement : Doe these and these thinges , and then I will confesse that ye are Gods. When Canutus the King of Danes had conquered England , and sitting in his Chayre by the sea side , had boasted the like of him selfe that he was a God : It was said vnto him , Sit in this place one houre longer , and I will confesle you are a God , but if you cannot sit vntill the full tyde , and commaund the waters that they shall not carye you away , you are no God. But the Scriptures haue beene confirmed to be the worde of God , by such miracles as no power of man or deuill could effecte . The birth of our Sauiour Christ was confirmed by the appearing of a Starre which troubled all the Star gazers of the worlde , The resurrection of our Sauiour by an Eclipse which troubled the great Astrologians of the world , the healing of a blinde man with claye made of dust and spittle troubled Galen the great Phisition of the worlde : But as our Sauiour confirmed his doctrine by miracles , as Moses confirmed his ambassage to come from God by making Serpents : So the Apostles confirmed their Sermons which they Preached , and doctrine which they left behinde them in writing , to be the worde of God , by casting out deuils , raysing vp the dead , healing diseases &c. Sixtly , the antquitye of the Bible proueth it selfe to be Gods worde , for as God is antiquus dierum , the ancient of dayes , because he was before all other , so the bookes of Moses are more ancient then all other brokes . Iosephus maketh mentiō of certaine Pillars : in which some thinges were written by the sonnes of Seth before the Floud , whereof one ( he saith ) remayned to be seene in Syria in his owne time . But be it so , these letters were but Hyeroglyphicall , like to the letters of the Egiptians , not Abedarye letters , but shapes and Images of beastes , not written in bookes , but engrauen in stone . But as for the Abedarye letters , that is Grammaticall letters , whereby we write wordes and sentences , they were not deuised before Moses deliuered them to the Hebrues , from whence the Phaenicians learned them , and the Greekes receiued them from the Phaenicians , and the Romans did learne to write of the Grecians . And Moses was more ancient then Cadmus which brought letters into Greece , or any other which broght them into other places , as Eusebius doth plainly proue . Now , forasmuch as no lawes , no precepts of life , no Chronicles , no rules cōcerning the worship of God , no contract betwene man & man , no antiquitye can be kept in memorye but by writing : Therefore it was necessary for the true knowledge & worship of God , that such a booke should be written wherein God might be knowne , and in what sorte he would be worshiped . But there is no booke of that nature besides the Bible which is of any antiquitye , neither the Alcaron of the Turkes , nor the Talmod of the Iewes : witnes the Talmod and Alcaron them selues , nor any other booke of religion , but they were written long since the Bible . Religion cannot be newe , as God him selfe cannot be newe , therefore that is onely the true religion which is the ancientest of all , and it is impossible to knowe or iudge of the antiquitye of religion , but by the antiquitie of the bookes and recordes wherein the precepts of Religion are deliuered and set downe , and againe it is impossible to know what is religion , or how God is to be worshiped , but by bookes wherein are contained the rules of his worship . For as much therefore , as the bookes of Moses are more auncient then all other bookes , therefore that religion is the truest which is contayned in them , and because there can be but one true Religion , the onely truth is in them , therefore they are the word of God. And , as for the other bookes of the Bible which were written long since , they handle the same subiect , they holde the same doctrine as the bookes of Moses , and are but all partes and members which make one body of the Bible , written by the same Spirit , and of the same nature , and therfore are also the word of God , and there is no other written booke of God , but the Bible . In the seauenth place , I could alleage for witnesse that the Bible is Gods word , the great multitudes of Martyrs , which haue dyed in the defence of the Bible , and sealed the same with their owne bloud , both before , and in , and after the times of the ten bloudy persecutions , to whome God gaue the gift of patience to suffer death willingly for the testimony of the worde . Neither could so manye of them haue suffered in such manner , vnlesse God had strengthned them in so good a cause . But because this argument is not so forcible to perswade Atheists , as it is to exhort christians , I passe it ouer . Last of all , the testimonye of the Gentiles proueth the Bible to be the worde of God. For , because God the Father had eternally decreed to send his Sonne to take flesh for the saluation both of Iewes and Gentiles , and vnlesse they beleeued in him , there could be no saluation purchased by his death , neither for Iewe nor Gentile : That he might be receiued by the consent of each people , it could not seeme good vnto his heauenly wisdome , vnlesse he did long before our Sauiour should come publish his comming both to the Iewes and Gentiles . And therfore Christ was published to the Iewes many wayes , as the Apostle speaketh , by dreames , visions , Angels , but especially by their owne Prophets , Dauid , Esay , Ieremye , Moses , Daniell and the rest , which were Iewes , & in that respecte called their owne Prophets , that they might giue the more credit vnto them . To the Gentiles also he was made known by the heathen Prophets and Prophetesses , Baalam , Mercurius Trismegistus , Hidaspes , and especiallye the tenne Virgins called Sybils the heathenish Prophetesses , of which we may read at large in the workes not onely of the heathens , but also of the Fathers , and Ecclesiasticall writers of the Primatiue Church . Now forasmuch as the Gentiles were vnacquainted with Moses & the Iewish Prophets , and not accustomed to read the Canonicall writers , and destitute for the most part , of the Bible , and therefore would giue no credit to the testimonyes cyted out of these bookes , and yet were to be conuerted to the Fayth by vertue of the Commission giuen to the Apostles Math : 28. where our Sauiour said : Goe , Preach , and baptize all Nations : The Apostles and Disciples in the Primitiue Church at their first Preaching to the Gentiles , prooued the Bible by the testimonye of heathen writers , the Sybils , Hydaspes , Mercurius , as St. Origin and Lactantius declare at large . In such sorte did S t Paul deale with the Inhabitants of Creet , alleaging for authoritie the verse of their owne Poet Epimenides which Cicero and Lacrtius doe reporte to haue beene a kinde of Prophet or Diuiner among them . And therfore St. Paul saith : a Prophet of their owne said of them : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . The Cretians are alwayes lyers , foule beastes & slowe bellyes . Likewise , to the Greekes he alleageth the testimonye of a Greeke Poet Menander . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Euill wordes corrupt good manners . And to the Scholers at Athens , the testimonye of the Poet Aratus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . we are his generation , meaning God. And , for this cause , the heathens called the Christians Sybillistes , because Christian religiō was most of all proued out of the Sybils Oracles , which writ more playnly and plentifully , then all other heathen writers . And , as Clemens Alexandrinus writeth : S. Paul in one of his Sermons saide vnto the people : Libros quoque Graecos sumite , agnoscite Sybillam , quo modo vnum Deum significet , & ea quae sunt futura , take in hand your Greeke authors , read Sybil , see how she teacheth that there is one God , and fore-telleth thinges to come . Hydaspen sumite , & legite , & inuenietis De : filium multo clarius & apertius esse scriptum . Doe but vouchsafe to read Hydaspes , & ye shall finde in him a cleare and euydent testimonye of the Sonne of God. And , because the Christians were so frequent in alleaging of the Sybils Oracles for confirmation of Christian Fayth vnto the Gentiles , and conuerted so manye vnto Christ by these bookes , as Iustin Martyr writeth : Proclamation was made , that vpon payn of death no man should read them any longer , nor Hydaspes his writings , yet the people would not refrayne from reading them . And againe , Gods prouidence did wonderfully appeare in the perseruation of the Sybills verses for the behoofe of the Gentiles , as of the Bible for the Iewes , in that they were verie faithfully kept in the Capitoll of Rome and that being once loste by a mischance when the Capitol was burned , yet by publik edicte of the Senate , diligent search and inquirie was made for all coppies that could be gotten , that so an other booke was newly written and kept in recorde , being duely examined , corrected and purged of all faultes that might else haue escaped . And to that purpose commission was giuen to diuers learned men fitte to bee imployed in such a seruice , which was performed with all dilligence , and the booke was layed vp in the capitol againe , euē as the bookes of Moses , were kept in the Arke of the couenant . So when the Christians labored the conuersion of the Romans , they were not onely furnished with proofes of their Doctrine out of the Sibilles , to cōuince the Romans and their idolatrie , but also they were freed from suspition of corrupting those bookes or any clause in them contayned , because whatsoeuer was by them alleaged , was consonant & agreeable to their own : Coppie which they kept in their Tower , or Capitoll , or treasure house , which was the chiefest place of their recordes . Now , for as much as nihil est iam dictum quod non fuit dictum prius , there can bee no newe or strange inuention now which hath not bin thought of before , as the wise man speaketh : I cannot finde any way to disprooue the Atheists better then that which the Apostles vsed to disproue the infidels , that is , by the testimonie and witnesse of heathen Authors . For , if they will neither stand to arguments drawen from reason , neither yet to authoritie , neither Diuine nor Humane , then they reiect all the Topics of Aristotle and places whereby they should be confuted , they renounce the lawes of Schooles and order of disputation & by a consequent , they shew themselues meerily ignorant , and contra indoctos non est disputandum , disputations are not to bee held and maintained against them which knowe not the lawes of disputation . Therfore , that I may come to particulars , to shew that the storie of the Bible may be prooued by prophane authors : The first reuealing to the Gentils of the time and place when , and where our Sauiour was borne , was by the conduct of a starre , What mooued the Gentils , I meane the wisemen which came frō the East , to come to our Sauiour Christ by the leading of that Star , and being with him to adore him as God ? but euen the Prophecy of Baalam their own Prophet ? The Prophecie of Balaam which liued in the dayes of Moses is inserted into Moses his workes . Orietur stella ex Iaacob , a starre shall arise out of the house of Iacob . Concerning this Starre sayth Chalcidius a Philosopher : Est alia sanctior et venerabilior historia , quae perhibet de ortu stellae cuiusdam , non morbos mortesque denunciantis , sed dese ensum Dei venerabilis , ad humanae conuersationis , rerumque mortalium gratiam : quam stellam , quum nocturno itinere conspexissent Chaldaeorum profecto sapientes viri , et consideratione rerum caelestium satis exercitati , quaesisse dicuntur recentem Dei ortum , repertaque illa maiestate puerili , veneratiesse , et vota tanto Deo conuenicutia nuncupasse . There is an other more holy and venerable storie which maketh mention of the rising of a certaine Starre , which did not portend sicknesse & death , but the descending of God downe from heauen to conuerse among men after a humane manner , which starre when the wise men of Chalde had obserued , as they trauayled in the night , being skilfull & excercised in the study of the motions of the starres , are said to haue enquired out the verye place where God was newlye borne , and when they had found it out , to haue worshipped him , & offered vowes vnto him . And therfore saith S. Origin : Si a Mose prophetiae Baalam sacris insertae sunt voluminibus , quanto magis ab his descriptae sunt qui inhabitant tunc Mesopotamiam apud quam magnificus habebatur Balaam , quosque artis eius constat fuisse discipulos ? ex illo denique fertur Magorum genus et institutio in partibus orientis vigere , qui descripta apud se habent omnia quae prophetauit Balaam , etiam hoc habuerunt scriptum : Quod orietur stella ex Jaacob , & exurget homo ex Israel . Haec scripta habebant Magi apud scipsos , & ideo quando natus est Iesus , agnouerunt stellam , & intellexerunt impleri prophetiam , magis ipsi quam populus Israel qui prophetarum sanctorum verba audire contempsit . Illi ergo ex his tantum quae Balaam scripta reliquerat , agnoscentes adesse tempus , venerunt , & requirentes eum , statim adorarunt . If Balaams prophecie were by Moses himselfe in erted into the holy Scriptures , how much more was it kept of the inhabitants of Mesapotamia among whome Balaam was so famous , and which were Balaams Disciples ? The Magitians which florish in the East part of the worlde , had their first beginning and institution deriued from this Balaam , and they which had all Balaams prophecyes recorded among them , could not be ignorant of this prophecye , to wit : That a Starre should arise out of Iaacob and a man out of Israel . The Wise men had this prophecye written in their owne books , and therfore when Iesus was borne , they acknowledged the Starre , they vnderstood that the prophecye was fulfilled , better then the people of Israel which contemned the writings of the holy Prophets & vnderstood thē not . They therfore , by that which they had learned out of Balaams writings , acknowledging the time to be come , went and worshipped Iesus Christ . Of the slaughter of the Infants at Bethleem by Herod , we haue the testimonye of Macrobius an heathen man : of the burning of Sodome we haue the testimonye of the place it selfe which yet remayneth and sheweth it selfe : of the Eclipse which was at the time of the Passion of our Sauiour , wee haue the testimonye of Phlegon a prophane writer but an excellent historian , as I haue alreadye shewed : of Noahs floud , we haue the testimony of Ouid a Poet : of the resurrection of our Sauiour , we haue the testimony of Iosephus a Iewe and no Christian , where he saith : Eodem tempore fuit Iesus vir sapiens , si tamen virum fas est dicere , erat enim mirabilium operum patrator , & Doctor eorum qui libenter vera suscipiunt , plurimosque tum de Iudaeis tum de Gentilibus sectatores habuit . Christus hic erat , quem accusatum a nostrae gentis principibns Pilatus quum addixisset Cruci , nihilominus non destiterunt illū diligere , qui ab initio caeperunt . Apparuit enim ijs tertio die viuus , ita , vt diuinitus de eo vates hoc & alia multa miranda praedixerunt . At that time was Iesus a wise man , if it may be lawfull to call him a man , for he was a worker of miracles , and a teacher of such as were willing to imbrace the truth , he had many Disciples both of Iewes and Gentiles . This was Christ , whome when Pilat had Crucified vpon the accusation of our Princes , notwithstanding , they which loued him before , did loue him still . But after the third day , he appeared vnto them aliue , according as the Prophets ( being inspired from aboue ) fore-tolde this & many other wonderfull thinges concerning him . That which the Apostle saith : that God made all thinges by his worde , is also confirmed by Mercurius Trismegistus the wise man of Aegipt , which saith of him : Sanctus es , qui verbo constituisti entia omnia , Thou art holy which hast made all thinges by thy worde . Likewise the incarnation of the worde . Exilijt statim ex deorsum latis elementis Dei verbum , in purum naturae opificium , et vnitum est opifici menti . The worde of God came out of the lowest element , and became the workmanship of nature , and is vnyted to the minde . What is the lowest element but the Virgins wombe which is earth as all other flesh ? he became the workmanship of nature , that is , he was made man , he is vnited to the minde , that is , God the father , which throughout his bookes is so called . Againe , man made vnto Gods image . Omnium vero Pater , Mens quum esset vita & lux , parturijt hominem sibi similem , quem adamauit vt proprium partum , pulcher enim erat Patris imaginem habens , reuera enim Deus dilexit propriam formam , eique tradidit omnia sua ipificia . But the Minde which is the Father of all thinges , when his selfe was life & light , brought forth man like to him selfe , loued him as his owne ofspring , for he was faire and beautifull , because he was after the Fathers image , for God indeed loued his owne likenes , & gaue vnto his vse and seruice all his creatures . What are the cheife points of religion contayned in the Bible ? but the creation of the worlde , of Adam and Eue , their placing in Paradice , their seduction by the Serpent , their expulsion , Noah a Preacher of righteousnes before the Floud , the Deluge , the birth of Christ , his miracles , his death and resurrection , the Virginitye of Mary , the day of iudgement : but all these thinges are set downe in the first booke of Sybils Oracles . I conclude this poynt with S. Augustin : Sybilla porro vel Orpheus et nescio quis Homerus , & si qui alij vates , vel theologi vel sapiētes , vel philosophi gentiliū de Filio Dei , aut Patre Deo vera praedixisse , seu dixisse perhibentur , valet quidem aliquid ad Paganorum vanitatem reuincendam , non tamē ad istorum authoritatem amplectendam , quum illum Deum nos colere ostendimus , de quo nec illi tacere potuerunt , qui suos congentiles populos idola & demonia colentes partim docere ausi sunt , & partim prohibere ausi non sunt . If Sybil , or Orpheus , or Homer , or any other Prophets , or Diuines , or Wisards , or Philosophers of the Gentiles , are said to haue either tolde or fore-tolde true things concerning God , or the Sonne of God , that is auaylable to refute the vanitye of the Gentiles , although not to get sufficient credite to their workes , that therefore whatsoeuer they write should be imbraced , when we can shewe that we worship the same God , concerning whome they could not be silent their selues , when they tooke vpon them to instructe their fellowe Pagans , and idolators , and worshippers of deuils in the true knowledge and worship so farre as they durst . You haue heard it ( I hope ) sufficiently prooued , that the bookes of the Bible are the worde of God , and I am sure we haue them among vs very true & vncorrupted . If any Iewe or Atheist shall dare to say that they are not now so pure and free from errours and corruptions as from the beginning they were : I argue against them in this manner : If they had been corrupted before the time of our Sauiour , or in his time , no dout but whē he commaunded vs to search the Scriptures , he would haue giuen vs warning to take heed of such corruptions . And , that since his time they haue not bene corrupted we may be secure , because the testimonyes which haue beene alleaged in the newe Testament out of the olde , doe all agree with the olde , and the testimonyes which are cyted by the Fathers out of the newe Testament , doe also agree with the originall out of which they are cyted . To say that the Iewes haue corrupted the olde Testamēt it were madnes , without proofe or just cause of suspicion . I would that such men as suggest these thinges , would either certisie vt eus bono ? vnto what end the Iewes should now in the latter end of the worlde corrupt the Hebrue , or else how it should bee possible for them being so scattered , and dispersed in places so farre distant and remote one from an other , corrupt their owne bookes without notice of the whole worlde ? much lesse then were they able to corrupt the bookes which were in the handes of Christians . But , for as much as our Hebrue Bibles and theirs doe agree , and all newe Testaments doe likewise agree , it is manifest that neither the olde nor the newe Testament are corrupted . Wherfore we may conclude , that we haue ( praysed be God ) his worde pure and intyre without any corruption or diminution , as it was left vs by the holy Ghost , which ( as the Apostle writeth ) is able to make vs wise to saluation through the Fayth which is in Iesus Christ . Chapter , 8. Of the will and sufferance of God. THe Atheists doe obiecte as a reproach to Diuinitye , that we knowe not the difference betweene the will of God and his sufferance , And because ( saye they ) we cannot aptly distinguish these , therfore we cannot define what God is , & by a consequent , we are not sure that there is a God. This is all one as if they shold say : because the professers of humane artes and liberall sciences cannot assigne to euery species their essentiall differences & proper passions , therefore there are no such differences nor proper passions belonging vnto them , and by a consequent there are no such thinges , and by an other consequent no such species : and againe , that these things be not knowne vnto nature , because they are not knowne vnto vs. So mans ignorance shall ouerthrowe the certaintye and vndouted truth of liberall sciences , & make the secrets of nature to be no secrets . But , it is no meruayle if we cannot shewe the difference betweene the thinges which haue no difference . In man I confesse that will is one thing , and sufferance is an other , because man is not so powerfull , but that his will is often with-stood , and therefore he suffereth against his will. So Moses his will was , the people should haue beene obedient , but they were rebellious , and he did suffer their rebellion which he could not hinder . As also men doe suffer oftentimes against their will , that which is in their power to hinder , but not without a greater mischeife , and so Moses his will being they should keep their wiues , yet did suffer them by a bil of diuorcement to put them away , but he did suffer them for the hardnes of their hartes , because , had he not suffered them they would haue slayne their wiues . But , God is omnipotent as the Apostle speaketh : why doth he yet complayne ? for who resisted his will ? he will haue mercye vpon whome he will haue mercye , and whome he will he hardne●h . And , as our Sauiour saith : Thou hast hidden these thinges from the wise men of the worlde , because it was thy will and pleasure . So God suffereth so much as he is willing to haue effected , and he willeth no more then he suffereth , and , if he had not this omnipotencye , he were not God , and therefore with God to will and to suffer , are all one . But , idem respectu eiusdem non potest differre a seipso , the same thing in the same respect cannot differ from it selfe . These things be lippis & tonsoribus aeque nota , so common and obuious to euerye simple mans vnderstanding , that I meruayle how any man should be ignorant of them . But as for Gods reuealed will , it is often contrarye to his sufferance , in as much as it is contrarie to his secret will which is all one with his sufferance . For example , in his reuealed will he saith : Thou shalt not steale , thou shalt not commit adulterie , murther , Idolatrie , and yet , in his secret will hee suffered the Chaldeans to steale , Aaron to commit idolatrie , Dauid to commit murder and adultery , for had it not stood w t his wil they could not haue done these thinges , because he is omnipotent , and nothing can be done against his will. Neither can the Atheists scoffe at this distinction of Gods secret will and his reuealed will , because th●y see it so plainely proued . For they finde his reuealed will reuealed vnto them in his written worde , where he saith : Thou shalt not commit adulterie , and againe they finde his secret will to be centrarie to that which he published and reuealed in his worde , because he suffered Daniel to commit adulterie , vnlesse they will blasphemously , and contrarie to sence and reason , say that the power of God was so weake , y t he was not able to hinder Dauids adultery , so indeed it might follow that there were neuer a God , for vnlesse he be omnipotent he is no God. Now his reuealed wil is many times contrarie to his sufferance , because he suffereth that which he hath willed and commanded to the contrarie , as I haue shewed you in Dauid and the reste . And this will and his sufferance do differ in these pointes , first , in respect of our knowledge , secōdly in respect of the diuers ends wherunto lie willeth and suffereth . Concerning our knowledge , wee know his reuealed wil , euer since it was written and published in his worde , but what he will suffer contrarie to that his commaundement , is hidden from vs , and vntil it come to passe , and wee see that hee hath suffered it . As for diuersitie of endes which he purposeth in his will and his sufferance , I will shew you by a familiar example . He willeth that no man shall steale , that so no theife may excuse himselfe by pleading ignorance , and yet hee suffered the Chaldaeans to steale Iobs Cattell , that so hee might make open triall of Iobs patience . Hee willed that Iudas should not betray him , that if hee did betray him hee should not bee excusable , yet secretly hee willed the contrarie and suffered the contrarie , that so might he wrought the worke of our redemption . And that this distinction of wills may not seeme impossible in God , we finde it also in man , when a earthly Prince many times maketh a publike Proclamation that this or that lawe shall bee executed , and yet notwitstanding hath a secret meaning to hinder many particulars , contrarie to that which he hath published and to dispense with his owne Proclamation although the people take no notice thereof . Againe these thinges are sayed to differ in this manner , onelye in regarde of our vnderstāding , as his will & his sufferāce are diuersly apprehended by vs , but as they are in God himselfe , they cannot differ , because in him , power , wisdome , will , strength , sufferance , and all other thinges , are all one with himselfe . In God , and with God there are no accidents , his will is his selfe , his wisdome is his selfe , and his sufferance is his selfe , I proue there can be no accidents with God or in him , because hee is not anie vniuersall or perticular thing comprehended in the praedicament of substance which is subiecte vnto accidents . And because he is a transcendent , going aboue all the coordinations which are in the praedicamentall lyne , & actually infinite so that he cannot be included within the compasse of any praedicament , there can be no kinde of differences either accidentall or essentiall in him , he cannot generically , or numerically , or specifically differ from himselfe , or in him selfe . And so this question is easily answered , and whatsoeuer the Atheist can alleage against vs. Chapeer , 9. That the Worlde had a beginning . MOses writeth , that in the beginning God made heauen and earth . That is , in the first moment of time , or , when time first began , then God began his worke of the creation of the worlde . Which time , forasmuch as it is defined to be Numerus or mensura motus , the measure of the motion of all naturall bodyes , and the subiect of time is the very body of heauen which is first moued , and by which all other naturall bodyes are secondarily moued : time was not before nor after the heauens , but they were created both together : and , because after the end of the worlde motion shall cease : euen as before the beginning , so after the ending there shall be no more time . So then , whereas it is saide : in the beginning God made heauen and earth , it is all one as if he had saide , that once he made them . By this making is meant creation , which is to make a thing of nothing , hauing no matter praecedent out of which he should make it , and this must necessarilye followe , because if there had beene any matter before wherof he should haue made the world , that matter had beene in some place , so then , if there were place and matter , there was a worlde before the creation of the worlde , and the worlde could not be the first thing that was made . Creation is an action of God , not intentionall but reall , not inward but outward , not immanent but transient , by the which he giueth to thinges their being . For , although the will of God alone with reference to the thinges which are made , were sufficient , yet there is a kinde of influence of Gods power executing his will , which doth afterward followe in his worke . It is an action both necessarye and voluntarye : necessarye because hee decreed , and yet voluntarye because it was his will to create the worlde . And that it was no hard thing for him to create the world of nothing , neither absurd to say that God did create any thing of nothing , it is apparant , forasmuch as we see creat on in the Angels , which are immateriall , and therefore cannot be of any praecedent matter , as also the soules of men , which he then did , and now continually doth , create , which are a manifest argument to proue creation . Out of this doctrine also followeth an other conclusion , that God onely is eternall and before time , because he did once create the heauen and the earth , and gaue them their beginning , whereas before they were not , neither was there anye thing besides him-selfe . God before the worlde was made , was in him selfe , and vnto him selfe insteed of the worlde , and he was alone , because there was nothing but him selfe , and yet not so alone , but that he had all power , wisdome , and happines in him selfe . He had no need of the worlde or any thing contayned in it , for as much as he was eternally without it , and therefore could stand without it , and had not his dependance of it . He was infinitely happy in him selfe , and therefore the creation of it could adde no happynes vnto him , and if he had needed it , he could haue made it before . Neither did he then make it because he was wearye of being without it , or that it displeased him that he had not made it before , because he did not make that which he would not , but he would haue that which he made , and that which he would he did make in order , and therefore he made it not rashly but deliberatly , not casually but wisely , and in time he did all thinges , and in time , especially he made thee ô thou Atheist , that whilst thou hast time to liue , thou shouldst acknowledge and worship him . The manner how he made it , euen as Kings doe , by his commaundement onely . He said the worde , and it was done . If you aske how God should speake ? or who should heare his voyce when there was nothing besides him selfe ? he spake , that is , he decreed with him selfe that it should be so . If you aske what moued him to create it , when he could be aswell without it ? being delighted with the reflection of his owne glorye which he sawe in him selfe , made creatures , because he would haue some to be partakers also of that his happines , as men and Angels , and for their sakes he made the worlde , that they might be contayned in it , Angels in heauen , men vpon the superficies of the earth , and all other creatures for the vse of man , that so Angels and men seeing his goodnes , whereof they were made partakers , should prayse him . As for the Philosophers , and Poets , and great wise men of the worlde , although they enioyed not the Bible , as were Mercurius Trismegistus , Homer , Hesiodus , Aristotle , Tully , Ouid , they all held that the world had a beginning , and that God was the maker of it . How then is it that now our Atheists denie the same ? Surely they thinke themselues wise , and are become foolish , as the Apostle speaketh . For they thinke there may bee an effect without a cause , a motion without a moouer , a worke without a workeman . But because disputation is not to be held with them which are ignorant , but with the learned , and the learned will not preiudice their knowledge so much , as to be thought not able to yeild a reason of their assertions : let vs examin the reasons which they alleadge , why they should holde that the world w●●… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 out beginning ? Aristotle ( say they ) affirmeth , that there can be no motion without a mouer , and there must be a due proportion inter motorem & id quod mouetur , betweene that which is moued and that by whome it is moued : there is one Sphere which is called primum mobile , the first bodye which is moued , so there must be one first agent to moue the same , but he did moue from eternitie , there was therefore some thing which from eternitye was to be moued by him , and that is the highest Sphere . For ( say they ) if he did not from all eternitye moue this Sphere , but began the worlde , then non agens factum est agens , of no agent he was made an agent , which could not be without alteration , but that could not be because God is not subiect to alteration , for then should he also be subiect to corruption , and so should be no God. The argument I say , doth not followe , for , although that God is said to be primus motor ab aeterno , the first mouer from eternitye , yet he did not actu mouere ab aterno , this motion of his was not in action eternallye , and therefore it is not rightly inferred that there should befor that cause anye change in God. For God what-soeuer in his eternall fore-knowledge he intended to doe , is said to doe it in the same maner as he intended it , and that motion which was not in rerum natura subsistens , subsisting in the nature of things as they terme it , yet in God was alwayes subsisting , with whome all future thinges are present , which called the things that were not , by their names , as if they were . He ordayned euery thing that it should be , euen before the foundation of the worlde was layed , the reason is , because that eternall and diuine essence doth not acknowledge time , he seeth thinges past , present , and future , not successiuelye , but all at once . Therefore they haue not yet attayned to the true vnderstanding of Aristotles meaning , which argue in this maner . Naturally I confesse , motion is without beginning , because one motion cannot begin without an other precaedent motion , so likewise it cannot end without alteration , because in omni vere continuo physico , in euerye true naturall thing whose partes haue their coherence together , as this hath , there is a perpetuall succession which may be diuided into infinite partes of the same proportion . For euen as in time , and euery part thereof , there is one present moment or instant , which argueth that there is an other past , and an other future : so in euerye motion which is measured by time , there is one present mutation , which argueth one motion precedent , and an other subsequent , because euery motion is a change , either of substance , or of quantitye , or of qualitye , or ofplace . And therfore the first moment of time cannot be assigned , nor the first mutation which is in motion . The naturall Philosophers could not discerne by nature , whether was first the Hen or the egge , because one cannot be without the other , & therfore they supposed that eternallye the generation of one was the corruption of an other , and so there should be an eternall reuolution of thinges , which indeed naturally must be so , but metaphisically it is not so , because there is a God aboue nature by whome nature is ouer-ruled . Neither is it meruayle though Philosophye and Fayth doe not speake alike concerning the beginning of the worlde , whē the Metaphysics and their principles differ so much from the Physics & their principles , and Aristotle dissenteth so much from Aristotle , one and the selfe same man from himselfe . It is one thing to affirme that the worlde simply had no beginning , and an other thing to saye that nature did not make the worlde , and that by the power of nature it shall haue no end , for , God and Nature are diuers thinges . Aristotle confessed that the worlde began , and shall haue an end , in respect of the diuine and supernaturall power , because he said that God as he is the first mouer , so he is the first cause of motion , and actuallye infinite , a most free agent , not tyed to any secondary causes , instruments , & meanes whereby he worketh . He which is eternall was before all motion , & can be without motion or time , because he made both motion and time . Aristotle denyeth that any thing which is eternall can be measured by time , he denyeth God to be in time , and by a consequent he denyeth him to be tyed vnto motion which is measured by time . God moued eternallye , but his motion was metaphysicall , which was nothing else , but to will , to nill , and to vnderstand . The worlde therfore is not without beginning in respect of the first cause which is God , but of the second cause which is nature , for then nature should be iniurious vnto her selfe , if she should doe vyolence vnto her selfe , and be a cause of her owne destruction . And therefore , according to nature there is a reference and due proportion betweene him which mooueth and that which is mooued , and the motion it selfe , and so the eternitie of the mouer must argue the eternitie of the thing which by him is mooued , & of the motion , but God hath , & exerciseth his metaphysical power and authoritie ouer all thinges , whereby he counterchecketh , and ouer ruleth these thinges . The arguments therefore which the Philosophers produce to proue the eternitie of the worlde , are reduced vnto these . First , if there were any first motion , the mouer and the mo●ued body from whence this motion proceeded had their beginning , or they were without beginning , if they had a beginning they began by a precedent motion , because nothing can begin but by motion , and so that which is called the first motion could not be the first because another went before it . But if they were without beginning , it is a great absurditie to say that hee which was an eternall mouer , yet did not mooue , and that which was alwayes mooued , notwithstanding was without motion . Secondly , time is eternall , for it is in the definition of time , that there is alwaies in it a present instant or moment , which ioyneth together that which is past and that which is future , and therefore the first instant of time cannot be assigned , and therefore motion is also eternall because there is a iust proportion betweene the measure which is time , and the thing measured , w t is motion . Thirdly , there must be a proportion between the cause and the effect , the mouer and that which is mooued , because there can bee no comparison betweene that which is infinite and that which is finit , that which is eternall and that which is temporall . But this one answer is instead of Dauid his sling to kill Golias , of Iudeth hir sworde to cut of the head of Holophernes , of Sampsons Iawe bone to slay all the Phillistins , and of Moses his rod to deuoure the Serpents of the Sorcerers of Aegipt , to wit that these thinges holde onely in naturall mouers which are tyed vnto instrumēts & meanes , but not in God which is a supernaturall and free agent , these arguments holde in thinges that be finit not infinit , physical not metaphisicall , which worke of necessitie and not of wil , but otherwise they be no good consequence , they doe not holde . Let this therefore be the state of the question . God had eternally the verie shape and Idea of the worlde which he conceaued in his minde , and he eternally decreed when and how it should bee , euen as when a workeman determineth to frame a peece of worke , he first frameth it in his minde , but doth not presently begin the same : so hee decreed eternally , and before all time , when , and how the worlde should bee in time . Hee which is the eternall fountaine of goodnesse , which fountaine notwithstanding did not eternally issue foorth into streames , but in time , did not eternally communicate vnto others , this his goodnesse , but was a Fountaine of water , which for a long season lyeth hidden in the earth before it doth gush out . But hee was not as a Carpenter which maketh an house because he hath neede of an house . Therfore he did not eternally create , not because he could not but because he would not , and he would not because hee had eternally decreed that the world shold be in time , and he so decreed , that so hee might bring vs to the knowledge of himselfe , for as much as when wee knowe that the worlde was not alwaies , wee are forced to confesse that there is a superiour cause from whence it had his beginning , whereas if it had bin created from eternitie , and had had no beginning , wee could not so easily haue discerned how God should haue bin the creator of it . And therefore it cannot followe in this place , that there was in God any mutation or mutabilitie , because before the worlde was made he was not willing that it should bee made , and afterward when it was made hee was willing . S. Augustine sayeth : Nouit Deus agens quiescore , & quiescens agere , potest ad actionem nouam sempiternum adhibere consilium , idque sine mutatione sui , quoniam in infinitum non cadit mutatio . God knoweth how to be an agent doing nothing , and to doe nothing being an agent , to bring his eternall decree to a newe action without any alteration of himselfe , because that which is infinite is not subiect to alteration . You cannot say properlie that God made not the worlde sooner because he wold not , because with God there is nothing sooner or later , for although God doth worke in time , yet he cannot be apprehended by time , his actions are measured by time , not in respect of himselfe , but onely in respect of vs , that so his actions may be demonstrated , & made manifest vnto vs. Neither ought these things to seeme strāge vnto vs , because the verie light of naturall reason giueth vs thus much to vnderstand , y t there is an order of causes , and that one being subordinate vnto an other , we must still ascend vp vntill we come to one which is aboue all the rest , which is of it selfe actually infinit , and that is God. And againe , reason doth tell vs that because God is of an infinit nature , his essence is simple , not tyed to meanes by which hee worketh ( for according to the rules of Philosophie , that agent is moste noble which needeth the fewest meanes ) , and being not tyed to meanes he needeth no matter to worke by . Also reason doth tell vs that as euerie thing is , so it worketh , but God is of himselfe absolute and not depending of anye , and therefore worketh in the same manner , that he is a free agent and therfore cannot be compelled , that he is omnipotēt & therefore nothing can be held or difficulte vnto him , & because he is infinite , hee is transcendent aboue all the boundes of nature . Out of all these principles I conclude . The world had a beginning , God which is euerlasting made it in time , and hee made it of nothing , that is , without anie matter precedent or going before the creation of it . Chapter . 10. Of the Soule of man , what it is ? whence it commeth ? and the immortallitie of it . AN Atheist hauing heard a Preacher in his Sermon make mention of the soule : the Sermon being ended , asked him what the Soule was ? and whether it were any thing or nothing ? After disputation betweene them both , the Atheist saide : I will shewe you what it is . So hee caused a candle to bee lighted and brought to the Table , hee blew it out , and sayd : your soule is no more then the flame of that candle , you see an ende of that , it is blowen out , and so shall it be with your soule when you die . Paraduenture , some cause of this vngodly assertion might bee the ambiguitie of the worde . For S. Augustine in diuers places calleth the Soule by no better name then Flatus which properly signifieth no more then a breath , or a blast , Deus fecit omnem flatum saith hee , God made euerie blast , meaning euerie soule , and it is written that God breathed into Adam the breath of life . And in the Scriptures it is sometimes confounded with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is a breath , and so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , anima and spiritus , a Soule & a breath or a blast , in signification are all one . Therefore that I may distinguish the aequiuocation or ambiguitie of the word , that nothing may be mistaken , it signifieth these thinges , 1. the life of any thing , anima mea est in manibus meis saith Dauid , my soule is in mine handes , meaning his life . 2 a desire , so the soule of Dauid was ioyned to the soule of Ionathan . 3. the whole man consisting of bodie and soule , so 76. soules descended with Jacob into Aegipt . 4. a blast , or breath , Saule said to the Amelakite , I pray thee come vpon me and slay me , for anguish is come vpon me , anxietas apprehendit me , etiamsi anima mea adhuc in me est , because my Soule is yet within me . And it was said of Eutychus which fell downe dead for sleeping at S. Paules Sermon , anima eius est in ipso , his soule is yet in him , that is , there is yet breath in his bodie that he may bee reuiued againe . 5. It is also taken for nothing , so said the Prophet : we haue conceaued , and bin in Trauell , and wee haue brought foorth a soule , poperimus spiritum , that is nothing , because the soule or spirit although it bee some thing , & a most excellent thing , yet because it is not visible , nor any sensible thing , he calleth it nothing . 6. It is taken for that which is regenerate by the spirit of God , so sayth the Apostle : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . the spirit lusteth against the flesh , that is , the spirit as it is guided by God , doth striue and wrastle with it selfe . 7. when the soule and the spirit doe concur together in the same sentence , the soule signifieth mans will , and the spirit his vnderstanding , so the Apostle saith : I pray God that your whole spirit and soule and body may be kept blameles , &c. But last of all , and in this place it is that which is defined by Aristotle : Actus corporis organici in potentia vitam habentis , an acte or perfection of the body which giueth vnto the bodie life , sense , motion , vegetation , &c. And of this signification of the soule we are to dispute in this place . Concerning the originall of the soule , which I proposed in the second place , it is agreed vpon by the best Diuines and Philosophers , that since the first Sabaoth , God ceased from creating any more visible things , but y t he doth Quotidie noues animas creare , create new soules querie day & houre , & momēt , for asmuch as euerie moment young Children are quickned in their mothers wombes , and that Anima hominis creando infunditur et infundendo creatur , mans soule is in one moment infused by creation , and created by infusion of it into the bodie . But Optatur desireth to bee resolued by S. Augustin concerning this doubt of the originall of the soule : vtrum animae vt corpora , propagàtione nascantur , sintque ex illa vna anima quae primo homini creata est , vel Deus sine vlla propagatione animas nouas faciat singulis proprias ? Whether euerie mans soule is made out of Adams souie , as euery mans bodie is made out of Adams bodie , that so , by propagation a soule should come out of a soule , as a bodie commeth out of a bodie ? or whether God doth especially create to euery mans body a newe soule proper onely to that bodie ? He answereth : that in the same manner as God made Adams soule of nothing , so hee made all mens soules of nothing , and he proueth it thus . 1. When Adam saith of Eue : flesh of my flesh and bone of my bone , hee dooth not say , soule of my soule . 2. If any man holde that the soule of man commeth of man , hee must shewe that as one light is kindled of an other , and one fier lighted of an other without diminishing of their former light and heate : so the soule must proceede out of an other soule , the same soule out of which it proceedeth being not diminished , which cannot bee expressed how it might be by the wit of man. And besides , saith hee , it is dangerous to holde so , least ye fal into the error of Tertullian which deemed the soule to be a bodie and not a spirit , for so it must be borne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of seede , as the bodie is . If they speake of semen incorporeum a spirituall seede infused inuisibly into the body at the time of mās conception : suppose that which is often seene , that that which is conceaued doth prooue an obortiue and vntimely fruit when it is Embrio , or non homo , not a perfect man , not fully shaped in the wombe that spirituall seede must either returne whence it came , which it cannot doe , or perish with the bodie , and then wil follow this absurditie , that an immortall soule is borne of corruptible & mortall seede . Tolet the Iesuit sheweth that mans soule cannot come ax traduce , by any Propagation , for these causes . 1. No naturall agent can produce and bring foorth that which is aboue it selfe , but the soule of man is aboue nature , because it comprehendeth supernaturall thinges . The maior is plaine because no naturall agent can worke , but it must worke vpon matter , the action must bee a materiall action , whereas the soule is immateriall . 2. Euerie natural agent , as I haue shewed , doth work vpon matter and the matter is capable of diuision , but the soule of man is indiuisible . 3. God hath created soules in the same manner as hee created Angells , but the Angells were created of nothing , therefore mens soules were created of nothing . And because I haue entred into this discourse concerning the soule , that I may leaue the Atheist for a little season , & handle one point for the instruction of the Diuine . The question ariseth vppon this discourse , how the soule commeth to bee infected with sinne ? Pope Gregorie the great disputeth in this manner : Si anima oriatur cum carne ex substantia Adae , cur non simul moritur eum carne ? si cum carne non nascitur , cur peccato obligatur ? The soule is either borne together with the bodie of the substance of Adam , or else it is onely infused from aboue : if it be borne with the bodie of the substance of Adam , then should it also die with the body : if it be infused of God , how can it being newly created , and immediately comming from God which is perfectly righteous , be originally and naturally sinfull , as is the flesh which originally descendeth from a sinfull man ? Optatus desireth to be instructed how , when , and where , the soule which of it selfe is pure , beginneth to take infection ? S. Augustin answereth that hee is not able to giue him full satisfaction therein . Pelagius obiecteth against S. Augustin in this manner . If the flesh onely descended from Adam , then is the flesh onely polluted with sinne , and not the soule , quia iniustum est vt hodie nata anima non ex Adae massa tam antiquum peccatum portet alienum , quia nulla ratione conceditur vt Deus qui propria peccata dimittit vnum imputet alienum , because it cannot stand with the iustice of God , that the soule which is newly borne and not descended of Adam , and therefore hauing no sinne of her own , shold beare the sinne of an other man , namely of Adam , which was committed so long before , For it is not to be thought that God which forgiueth vs our owne sinnes will impute an other mans sinnes vnto vs. The soule saith hee , at the first creation is eyther pure or corrupted , impure it cannot be , because it commeth immediately from God , and being at the first cleane , how commeth it to be vncleane ? how can a spirit bee infected by a body ? that which is immateriall bee polluted by that which is materiall ? But Mr. Caluin doth satisfie that doubt saying : that although corruption be inherent both in the soule and the body , yet the cause of that hereditarye corruption is not in the substance eyther of the body or the soule , but onely it was ordayned of God that the imperfections of the first parents should bee common to all the Children , euen as according to the lawes of earthly Princes such as are descended of parents attainted of high treason , are also stayned in their bloud , preiudiced in respect of their landes and honors by their fathers offences committed before their time , and wherof they were ignorant , and it is but imitatio diuinae iusticiae , an imitatiō of that iustice w c is with God. So thē we are borne of impure seede as the Psalmist teacheth , and not onely the bodie , but also the soule is infected with sinne , by reason of this our birth , although sinne be more apparent in the body , then in the soule , and the onely cause why the soule is thus infected is this our impure and vncleane birth , and yet the soule is not of seede , or any materiall thing , but it commeth immediately from God. And it is a weake argument which Pelagius vseth : that because beleeuing parents doe sanctifie their Children , therefore Children cannot receaue infection from their Parents which are regenerate . For the children doe lineally descend from their parents by carnall generation , but not by spiritual regeneration , because regeneration is not from beneath , but from aboue , not from men , but from the holy Ghost . Sanctification is an especial blessing giuen in particular : but so , that the general course of al mankinde may take holde of all men , for as much as they all are the Sonnes of men . Natus est homo natura , sanctificatus ex supernaturali gratia , that wee are borne , it is the worke of nature , that we are sanctified it is supernaturall , & of the especiall grace of God. But I returne to the Atheist . The soule I say , as it appeareth by these premises , is of a more excellent and diuine nature thē that it should be subiect to mortalitie and corruption . And therfore , that we may not complaine with Theophrastus , who accused Nature because she gaue to Rauens and Harts a long life whome length of life did no way profit , but made mās life of that shortnes , vt tum extingueretur qùum incaepisset sapere , that euen then hee was cut off and vtterly extinguished when hee did but begin to be wise : I will produce these arguments which are alleadged by naturall Philosophers to prooue the immortallitie of the soule , that I may refute Theophrastus , and shew plainely that wee are not vtterly extinguished by death , and that although wee doe but then begin to bee wise when we are neare our death , yet wee doe not then cease to bee wise , but then we increase in wisdome when the soule is separated from the bodie . My reasons are these . The first is drawne from the vnderstanding of man , for mans soule is of infinit capacitie , the more it vnderstandeth the more it is able to vnderstand . It is able to comprehend not onely the whole world , but infinit worldes . In numbring it can adde and multiply so farre , that of addition and multiplication there shall bee no end . It is able to imagin infinit perfection . But , whatsoeuer is infinit in capacitie , is also infinit in continuance , because , as the proprietie of any thing is , so is the existence of the same . But , for asmuch as it is infinitlye capable in this life , and cannot bee satisfied in this life , therefore it must bee satisfied in the life to come . 2. The obiect of mans vnderstanding is truth , as Tully speaketh , not in particular , but in general , which is the way wherby all thinges are knowne , And therefore it cannot be satisfied vntill it come vnto that in which all truth consisteth , and that is God , which is truth it selfe according to his essence , for no accidents are in him . And for asmuch as this cannot be attained vnto in this life , therefore it is reserued vnto a better life . 3. The obiect of mans vnderstanding is ENS , euerie thing that is , but because there are some thinges material , and some spirituall , it must conceaue them both , and as for the thinges which be immateriall and without bodies , it cannot distinctly conceaue them in this fraile body , therfore the conceiuing of them belongeth to the soule when it is separated from the bodie . 4. All men by nature desire knowledge as the Philosopher speaketh , but scire est rem per causas cognoscere , to knowe a thing is to iudge & discerne of the causes of it . So then because it is naturall to euery man when hee seeth any effect , to search out the causes of that effect : and againe , when hee hath found out the cause , to search farther , and examine what is the cause of that cause , and so to ascend higher vntill he come to the highest cause which is God. And that cannot be in this life , because the essence of God is not conceaued by discoursing of him , but by perfectly seeing of him , and beholding of him face to face euen as he is . My second reason is drawne from the will of man. That also is infinite , for he can loue that which is good , not onely in the first degree , but also in the second and third , neyther can there be any end of his loue , but still his louing and liking may increase , as St. Augustin saith in his Meditations : En amo te Domine , et si hoc non sufficit , amo teplus , et si hoc parum est amabo te validius , Behold Lord I loue thee , if this be not enough , I wil loue thee more , and if that be not yet enough , I wil stil loue thee more . Man may desire that which is infinitely good , & this infinite capacitye of the will must bee fulfilled , and because not in this life , therefore after death . 2. The libertie also and freedome of mans will ( I meane not in Diuine but in ciuill and Domesticall affayres ) is of an infinit power , which is a sufficient argument to proue the immortality of the soule . For if man will not , no creature is able to force his will to loue this thing or that , voluntas potest cogi , who can impose a necessitie vpon man to bee willing or vnwilling to do this or that ? but onely God which hath created both the will and vnderstanding and is therefore aboue them both . 3. The obiect of the wil is that whatsoeuer is good , I meane all goodnesse in generall , and therefore neuer resteth , but still willeth & desireth , vntill it come to the perfect fruition of God in whome all goodnesse is included , who is essentially good in himselfe . 4. The will of man mooueth it selfe to one thing and an other , and is not mooued by any naturall agent , and as the will is , so is the essence it selfe , and therefore not subiect to corruption . A third reason , the verie appetit of man is also infinit , it findeth no contentment among al the things which are vnder the Sunne , it is neuer satisfied with the desire of happinesse , knowledge , honour , glorie , riches , and eternitie , that it may liue after death . But to whatsoeuer nature hath giuen this appetite , it hath also appointed how this appetite shall bee satisfied , and that must bee onely after death . A fourth , the verie operations of the soule it selfe without any reference vnto the bodie . As for example , to beleeue , goeth farre aboue sence , and is an act separated from it . To distinguish between a body and a spirit , to imagin those thinges which are but onely imaginarie , as vacuum , infinitum , in rerum natura , emptines , infinitenes in worldly and naturall thinges , mathematicall lines , to make sillogismes , to define , deuide , demonstrate . And these thinges it doth without the conditions and proprieties of the bodie , & it doth these thinges the better , the more it is abstracted from the body , and therefore doth then , best of all when it is altogether out of the bodie , and at full liberty , these thinges which do not depend vpon the body neither can bee accomplished by the Organs and Instruments of the body . A fift , nothing can be destroyed by that wherein the perfection of it doth consist , but y e very perfection of the soule doth cōsist it , the abstraction & seperation of it from the body which appeareth by the iudgement of all morall Philosophers which holde the very highest perfection of vertue to be then when man doth not follow the passions and perturbations of the body , but doth subdue them wholy to the minde and vnderstanding . The sixt , There is a kinde of reflection of the minde and al the faculties thereof , aboue it selfe the vnderstanding vnderstandeth that it doth vnderstand , the wil willeth that it shal be willing , the memorie remembreth that it doth remember , so it vnderstandeth that it willeth and doth remember , which no bodily nor mortall thing can performe , it is therefore spirituall and immortall . The seauenth . Besides the vsuall manner of attaining to knowledge which is proper to it selfe , the soule hath also a more diuine knowledge by the influence of an higher cause , which is by reuelation and infusion . But when it hath such reuelations it is abstracted from the body , and therfore it is in a more perfect estate when it is not at all in the body . The eight . The first originall or beginning of the soule is not by any naturall agent , because it is more perfect then the bodye , for no effect which is more perfect can proceed frō a cause which is of lesse perfection . Therfore as it proceeded not frō any natural cause , so it cannot be destroyed by any naturall cause , and therefore it cannot dye by seperation of it from the bodye . The nynth . The soule subsisteth by it selfe , and therefore it cannot die by any accident : The antecedent I proue , because it hath operations proper to it selfe , as I haue shewed . The tenth . Euerie thing which is corrupted hath his bane & destruction eyther by that which is contrarie to it selfe , as heate by colde , drynes by moisture , or by the absence of that whereby it is preserued and nourished , as the lampe goeth out for want of oyle , or by the corruption of the subiect in which it is , as the heate of the fire when the fire is extinguished , but nothing is contrarye to the soule because it is a substance and not an accident , neither doth it depend vpon any material cause , but onely on God , neither hath it any subiect because it is no accident . The eleuenth . That which dyeth with the body must also languish and decay with the bodie , and wax olde when the body is olde , as it appeareth by sence , motion and vegetation , which in olde men doe faile , but vnderstanding doth increase in age . The twelfe is the verie conuenience and agreement which the soule hath with God , and the Angells it argueth the immortality thereof , for why are they sayd to be immortall , but because they are as the soule is , spirituall , immateriall , simple , no way mixed or depending of the bodye ? The thirteenth . What is more common in this life , then the prosperitye of the wicked and the aduersitye of the godlye ? But it cannot stand with Gods iustice nor his prouidence , that there should be no rewarde for wel-doers , and no punishment for vngodly men , therefore because it is not in this life , it must needes be in an other life w t cannot be vnles the soules of men be immortall . To conclude , It is incident to good men to hope well , to euill men to feare and be troubled in their mindes because of their offences , there is Conscience . But there cannot be Conscience without immortality of the soule . Therefore I conclude , that the soule of man is immortall . Chapter , 11. Of Noah his Arke and the Deluge . THe Atheists dispute against the storye of Noah his Arke , & the maner of the drowning of the worlde with water , saying : it was an impossibilitye that so many creatures should be preserued in so small a vessel , or that the worlde should be so destroyed . For the better satisfaction of such vngoldly men , concerning that storye , I obserue these thinges which folowe . Concerning the multitude of Beastes which were in the Arke , of those which were cleane were 7. of euery sorte , that is , 3 , couples for increase , for meat when it should be permitted to eat flesh , for labour , and other vses of man , and the odde beast for Sacrifice . Of vncleane beastes , 2. of euery sorte for increase . As for Fishes , they were in the Sea , and not destroyed , because they were farther separated frō the sinnes of men , for they were in an other element , as also such other creatures as can liue in the waters , as Otters , sea-wolues , Swannes , water-soules &c. Agairie , from the kindes of beastes which were in the Arke were excluded such as bred not by generation , as Mules , such Serpents and creeping thinges as are ingendred by the Sun out of putrifaction , such as being wholye perished might be restored agayne in other creatures which were preserued , as Mules which are ingendred of an horse and a shee Asse . Therefore these beastes which were in the Arke , were onely such as liued vpon the drye , and proceeded by generation . The number of beastes ( according to Plinye and Gesner ) are not knowne to be aboue one hundreth and fiftye kindes . And it is verye likely that they which are not known , should be neither great , nor manye . And of them which are great , there are not aboue fortye kindes . As for the capacitye of the Arke , it was 300. cubits in length , 50 , in bredth , 30. in height : there were 3. chambers or floores in it , therefore there was roome enough to receiue all these beastes , and many more , and meate for them for a long time , that we need not for the defence of this storye to flye to Geometricall cubits , saying : that Moses being learned in Geometrye and all the artes of the Egiptians , did vnderstand Geometricall cubits , but playne cubits . Such a cubit is the length of a mans arme from his elboe to the top of his middle finger . Though ( no dout ) such cubits were longer then now they are , because men were of higher stature then now they are . But the length therof being 300. cubits , sheweth that it was 5. times the length of Salomons Temple which was but 60. cubits long , the bredth of it being 50. it was twice & an halfe as broad as being but 20. cubits broad . But , the length of it being 300. cubits and the bredth 50. being ioyned together , do make of square measure , by the cōmon rules of arte 15. thousand cubits . Moreouer , it contayned in the height of it 3. storyes as I haue shewed , one being aboue the other , in regard whereof , it was 3. times as capable of the creatures , contayning 3. times the measure of the lowest roome , excepting onely the thicknesse of the boordes which made the partition betweene the floores , that is in the whole 45. thousand cubits , and euerye seuerall floore contayning 10. cubits in height . The food of the beastes , whatsoeuer it was before , it might behaye , hearbes and berryes , for what food would not hunger cause them to eat ? The worke-manship , though it were aboue the knowledge of man to deuise it , and contriue it in such sorte , and aboue his cunning and strength to guide so great a vessell on the water , and to keepe it frō wrackes : it was an hūdred yeares in building , it needed not to be lanched out into the water as Ships are , because the water of itselfe did beare it vp whē all the earth was ouerflowen . From whence had God such great quantity of water to drowne the worlde ? There were two immediat causes , the Sea beneath , because the fountaynes of the deep were opened , and the heauen aboue , for the windowes of the heauen were also open . Concerning the waters from beneath : The vaynes and pores of the earth were broken vp to send forth more abundance of water , the waters which were before gathered together into certayne places began to swell , and being rarified ouer flowered the bankes , that , as before , according to nature the water was to hide and couer the whole earth , yet , secundum naturae consilium , according to the counsell and dispensation of nature , for the preseruation of these creatures the water and the earth made but one globe : so now againe , for the destruction of these creatures , the waters did hyde & couer the whole earth , as according to nature they ought to doe . And we see by our owne experience , though not in generall , because God hath promised otherwise , yet in particular , how often the water goeth beyond the bankes , & maketh breaches into the land . And it is in mans reason impossible how it should be otherwise , but that the water being a liquid and fluid substance , so farre in quantitye exceeding the earth , and in place higher then the earth , should presentlye drowne the earth . But onely God doth supernaturally gouerne it , & restrayne it against the nature of the first creation . The windowes of heauen were open , that is , as the Text doth expound it , it rayned 40. dayes and 40. nights , all the cloudes were melted and dissolued into rayne , and wheras before God separated and diuided the waters from the waters that some were beneath in the Sea and riuers , and parte of the earth & some in the ayre frozen and congealed into cloudes : now to make a deluge and generall ouer-flowing , he brake the partition , and let them be at libertye as they were before . I could for their better contentment stand vpon such natural causes as are besides the Text , as some Diuines & Philosophers haue done , which by the windowes of heauen vnderstand Cancer Pisces , Heiades , Pleiades , and Orion among the starres , Mars , Venus and Luna among the planets . Also I could alleadge Mechlinus the scholer of Albertus Magnus in his Cōmentaryes , which writeth that before the floud there was a Coniunction of Iupiter & Saturne in the end of Cancer , contrary to the Ship called Argo , which represented the Arke , and that this Coniunction did portend an inundation , although I need not to stand vpon these thinges , because the naturall causes which I haue alleaged out of the Text are sufficient . But they obiect , that the waters couered the mountaynes 15. cubits vpward , as it is in the Text , and they aske how that could be , seeing there were but two causes , the swelling of the waters beneath , and the rayne from aboue . For some mountaynes are higher then the middle region of the ayre , and by a consequent they are higher then the clowdes , as namely Olympus in Thessaly , Artas in Barbary , the Alpes &c : My answer is , that if any parte of the earth is aboue the cloudes , it is naturall for the water also to be aboue that parte of the earth , bee it neuer so high , therefore it is not to be wondred at , much lesse is it impossible or absurd . Againe , though the cloudes are not aboue these fewe mountaines , yet the firmament or middle region of the ayre it selfe is farre aboue them , and although some of these mountaynes are found to be by the plum-lyne or perpendiculer 15. surlonges ascending from the playne , and the cloudes are commonly lifted vp but 10. furlonges aboue vs , yet sometimes they are lifted vp 40. furlonges as Pliny sheweth . Againe , the very waters of the deep doe stand aboue the mountaynes . You aske how that may be ? you say they are beneath the firmament , & that therfore they cannot be aboue the mountaines , seeing these aboue the firmament are the clouds which are a great deale lower then the mountaynes , vnlesse the waters which are beneath the firmament , should be aboue the waters which are aboue the firmament ? To this I answer , that the mistes which are in the vallyes are reckoned among the waters which are aboue the firmament , and yet are sometimes dissolued into rayne before they are drawne vp so high as the mountaynes , for which cause they seeme to them which be in the vallyes , to be gathered together in the tops of the mountaynes , and doe hyde the mountaynes with darknes : in the tops of which mountaines , yet Springes doe arise , which are of the waters beneath the firmament . For an other cauell , they obiect , that the floud began the 17. day of the second month , that the rayne continued 40. dayes , that the waters preuayled 150. dayes , where-vpon they aske how it could be that the Arke rested vpon the mount of Armenia the 7. day of the 7. month , which by this account was 4. dayes before the falling of the water ? to them I answer : the waters preuayled on the earth 150. dayes , albeit they began to be diminished before the full end of 150. dayes . albeit they began to be deminished before y e ful end of 150. dayes . For nothing letteth but y t they might well be saide to preuayle , that is to be strong and deep vpon the earth , albeit they were in parte diminished , and that the Arke might drawe so deep of water , as the mount being high , to rest vpon it . And where it is said after the Arke rested vpō the mountayne then the waters were abated , that is , it might then more plainly & sensibly be perceiued and apeare to the eyes of Noah . The heathen historyes doe mention this Deluge , although after a corrupt maner , which is not sufficient to strengthen the truth , but yet serueth to conuince the Atheist . And though S. Augustine sayth : Diluuium gentium nec Latina nec Graeca nouit historia , no heathenish writers doe remember it , meaning , without corruption : yet Iosephus sayth : Huius arstem diluuij & arcae meminerunt omnes Barbaricae historiae scriptores , that all Barbarian historiographers haue mentioned this Deluge and Arke of Noah , whereof he reckoneth these : namely Berosus the Chaldaean , Hicronimus the Egiptian , Phoenix Mnasseas , Nicholaus Damascenus . And Eusebius remembreth Greeke writers , Alexandrum Polihistorem , Molonem , Empoleneum and others which haue written of it vnder the name of Deucalion , as they haue receiued it from others by reporte . Ouid maketh a liuely discription of this Deluge vnder the name of Deucaliō . And Iustin Martyr sayth : we Christians call him Noah whom the heathens call Deucalion . Plutarch sayth , that the Doue which was sent out of Deucalion his Arke brought to him a token of the fall of the water . And Lucian an A theist yet sayth : that this generation of man which now is , was not from the beginning , but that it wholye perished which then was , and that this progenye which now is , is an other which descended from Deucalion . And of the generation which perished , that they were cruell , wicked , periured , they harboured not strangers , they were inexorable , for which cause they suffered great calamitye , for suddenlye the earth poured out great store of water , great quantitye of rayne fell from the skye , the riuers swelled , the Sea arose to such an height , that the worlde was drowned and all thinges perished . Of that multitude only Deucalion was left aliue who was preserued by these meanes : Hee put him selfe with his wife and children in a great Arke which he had made , when he had imbarqued him selfe , there came vnto him Swine , Horses , Lyons , and all other Beastes which the earth nourished , two of euery sorte . So God lefte not him selfe without witnes among the heathen , that thereby he might stirre them vp to search out the truth , which onely remayned in the Church of God. Chapter , 12. Of the destruction of Sodome . WHen Lot had entred into Zoar , the Lord rayned vpō Sodom fire & brimstone , & burned the Cittie , & the plaine , and all the inhabitantes , and all that grewe vpon the earth . And Lots wife behinde him looked backe , and she was turned into a Piller of Salte . This is the slorie of the Bible , and what ground hath any Atheist to deny it ? The Christian may easily confound the Atheist , because the reliques of it doe yet remayne , and the place doth shew it selfe . Concerning the time when it was done , it is set downe in the Text , that it was burned in the dayes of Abraham , which arose early in the morning and beheld the smoke of it mounting vp as the smoke of a Furnace . And by iust computation it is well knowne to haue beene about 392. yeares after the sloud . The place is well knowne to all Cosmographers , and is daylye seene by many trauaylers : it is one of the three famous Lakes which are in the Land of Canaan , which are commonly by the figure catachresis called seas . For in that Land there are three such waters , the Sea of Galilie where Peter , Andrew , Iames , and Iohn , were about their nettes , when our Sauiour did call them to be Apostles . The Sea of the Gaderens , into which the heard of swine did run hedlong when the Deuils had entred into them by the permission of our Sauiour Christ being beyond Jorden towards Arabia , and the waters are at this time venimous , and as it is thought , polluted by those swines . The third is this which wee are now to speake of and the subiect of our discourse . A greate part of it , which then was land is now all water , and is called Asphaltites of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth pitch , because great quantitie of pitch boyleth out of it , and it is also called Mare mortuum the dead Sea , or mare mortuorum the sea of the dead , because no fish nor other creatures can liue in it . The nature of it is such that if any bordes be throwne into it , they will presently sinke to the bottom , if any vessell be vpon it which hath men in it , so long as the men liue it will bee aboue the water , but as soone as the men are dead being poysoned with the stinke of it , the vessel wil presently sinke . In so much that when Vespasian the Emperour had caused certaine men to haue their handes tyed behinde them that they might not be able to shift for themselues , and so to be violently plunged into the botome : they were presently driuen vp againe with as great a violence vnto the top , and so sloted vppon the superficies of the water vntill they were dead . The quātitie of this stinking lake is about 8. high Almaigne miles , with in the compasse of it were scituated these fiue Citties , Sodom , Gomorah , Adama , Seboim , and Segor , which were destroyed with fire and brimstone , of the which the cheife and principal was Sodom . In this water standeth a Rocke , which to them that behold it , representeth the image of a woman , that is Lots wife . In the bankes round about it , & al the ground which is neare it , are some reliques of these Citties yet remayning , for the earth doth looke like ashes taken out of a furnace , there are great stones and peeces of rockes which looke as if they had bin in the fier , greate heapes of salte , a smell of fire as if the place were still burning , a filthye sauour of brimstone , such smokes & vapours continually rising out of the ground , that they doe annoy the villages and inhabitants which are anye way nere that place . Some Trees doe growe there , and bring fruite , but the fruites thereof neuer come to rypenes : if a man gather one of the Apples and cut it with his knife , they are full of nothing but sparkles of fire and noysome smoakes . And therfore , for the confirmation of this story , besides the witnes of the Scriptures , we need no more then the testimony of the place it selfe , which doth most plainly discouer it selfe . And therefore , the best counsaile that I can giue the Atheist that readeth this storye is this : that hereafter he doe no more denye the truth of it , or make anye question how it might be , but rather thus : Quotiescunque legit historiam timeas ne ipse flat historia , so often as he readeth the storye , let him tremble at Gods iudgements , leaste he become also an acter of such a Tragedye , and the subiecte of the like storye , that is , leaste he be turned into a stone as Lots wife was , or consumed with fire and brimstone as Sodome was . Chapter . 13. Of Christ . I Haue ( I trust ) sufficiently proued that there is a God , that the Atheists might be conuerted vnto the true God. But , because this knoweledge of God in his creatures , is onely sufficient to giue them occasion to seeke further , and no way in it selfe able to saue their soules , they must also knowe him in his Sonne , by whome onely saluation commeth . When the fulnes of time was come saith the Apostle , God sent his Sonne made of a womā &c That I may therefore proue vnto them God in his Sonne our Sauiour Christ , by humane authorityes and reasons , because they will not stand to the authoritye of the Scriptures : I will not alleage the testimony of the deuils out of the Gospell , which sayd : Iesus thou Sonne of God , what haue we to doe with thee ? art thou come hither to tormēt vs before y e time ? but out of prophane historyes , which sayd in effect the same thing . For , being silenced at his comming , that their Oracles could giue no more answer , and being asked a reason of their silence , one of them answered , as in the 4. Chapter I haue already shewed vnto you . Me puer Hebraeus diuos Deus ipse gubernans Cedere sede iubet , tristemque redire sub orcum . Aris ergo dehinc tacitus abcedito nostris . Vpon which answer by them giuen , Augustus the Emperour erected an Altar in the Capitoll of Rome with this inscription : ARA PRIMO-GENITI DEI , An Altar dedicated to the first begotten Sonne of GOD. I cannot see how any thing can be playner then the deuils confession by the Oracle of Apollo , wherein he is called : Puer Hebraeus , an Hebrue Childe , & Deus a God. A childe there is , his birth and humane nature , like that of the Prophet Esay : Natus est nobis puer , a Childe is borne vnto vs , and an Hebrue as the Apostle speaketh : Hee descended not of Angells , but of the seede of Abraham . And God , there is his Diuine nature , God is become a childe , there is Christ God and man. Our Sauiour shewed himselfe many waies to the Infidels to be God , & yet to be borne , but they vnderstood him not . Tully citeth the prophecy of Sybel for proofe y t a King should be borne , and that none shold be saued vnles they did imbrace him , & yet , neither he nor the rest of the Romās had the grace to applie it rightly . Tully his selfe did onely aleadge it , but not beleeue it , for hee thought it to be some inuentiō of man tēding to the alteration of the state of Rome . Lentulus applyed it vnto himselfe , hoping hee should be that King , & therfore ioyned in conspiracie with Cataline . Virgill applyed it to Solonius the Sonne of Pollio because he was his good Patron , & was desirous to ; honour & magnifie him aboue other men . And it is very likely that Virgil had heard something concerning this matter of the Hebrues themselues , because ( as Iosephus writeth ) when so euer Herod the King of Iudaea came to Rome he lodged at Pollio his house , vnto which house Virgill often resorted . But afterward Constantine the great did expound that prophecie to bee vnderstood onely of the incarnation of Christ . Iosephus writeth that there was an auncient prophecie among the Romans , that a King should come out of Iudaea , which should be the great man of the worlde . But they were so blinde that they could not apply it vnto Christ , of whome it was meant , but they vnderstood it of Vespacian the Emperour because hee conquered the Iewes . Swetonius maketh mention of a strange accident which fell out at Rome before the birth of Christ , by which it was publikely acknowledged that Nature did beeede a King which should raigne ouer the people of Rome , & what that wonder was , Dio sheweth : In the Capitoll many images were ouerthrowne from heauen , writings in grauen in Marble pillers were blotted out . But they had not somuch light as to vnderstand that the Kingdome of Christ his Gospell should ouerthrow idolatrie , and prescribe new Christian lawes , whereby his Church should be gouerned . Great was the blindenes of Augustus which could erect an altar to the Sonne of God , & yet could not acknowledg the Sonne of God whē he was borne and published to the world , and being himselfe a tipe & figure of Christ , yet did not see christ in his selfe , of whome hee was a figure . And , that it may not seeme to any man absurde which I haue said , that Augustus , was a tipe of Christ , wee finde the like in the Prophet Esay concerning Cyrus the King of Persia : I haue likened thee to my selfe , thogh thou hast not knowne me . Cyrus was a tipe of Christ though hee knewe not Christ , in that he deliuered Gods people out of Captiuitie , by giuing them leaue to returne to their countrie and to builde the Temple . So was Augustus a tipe of Christ in his happie & peaceable gouernment of the Empire , in that hee was saluted first by that name of Augustus the sixt day of Ianuarie , and the same day was Christ worshipped as a God & King by the wise men which came from the Easte : that vnder him were burnt the recordes and specialties of the debts w t were due to the treasure house or chamber of the Empire ; for so by our Sauiour was cancelled the hand-writing of ordinance which was against vs , and it , was nayled on the Crosse , when our Sauiour was borne : greate quantitie of oyle did miraculously issue out of the earth , what was that but the birth of the Lords annointed w t was annointed with the oyle of gladnes aboue al his fellowes ? vpon that miracle Augustus was so astonished y t he made proclamatiō , y t after that time no mā shold call him Lord , & what was that but a manifest acknowledgemēt that a greater Lord was borne then Augustus was ? To this also I may adde the testimonye of the starces and constellations in heauen , to shew the Atheist the birth of the Son of God vpon the earth . The wisemen , as I haue shewed before , sought out our Sauiour Christ by the leading of a Starre , which Staire I haue proued to bee miraculous . And yet although the birth of the Sonne of God was not subiect to constellations , but was farre aboue the capacitie of Astrologers and the course of the heauens : yet the verie Astrologicall predictions , and Aspects of other naturall Starres were enough to giue occasion to the Gentiles to seeke farther and so to come to the knowledge of the birth of Christ , for asmuch as they did yeelde benignos influxus et amica lumina , as the Astrologers call them ; the best influences ; and moste fauourable Aspects vnto the natiuitie of him , of whome they receaued their influences , their lights , their Aspects , and all their heauenly vertues . The wise men which came from Persia to Bethleem , although they could not knowe Christ by the heauens , yet the heauens gaue them two manner of wayes to vnderstand that a man shold be borne , which in glorie & honour , vertue and pietie , should farre exceede all other men . For first , the sixt yeare before our Sauiour was borne , there was a coniunction of Iupiter and Saturne in Cancer , which mooued all the Astrologers then liuing , to say , that shortly after there should insue a verie great change and alteration of Religion . Secondly the constitution of the heauen which was at the time of our Sauiour his birth in the 42. yeare of the Empire of Augustus the 24. of December a little before midnight did testifie the same . For in it the Horoscopus was the eight part of Virgo , which signifieth change of Religion , Saturne was in the highest part of the heauen , Sol in the lowest , which did shewe that such a Childe was borne which might cause the world to wonder . And as Albertus Magnus citeth out of Albumasar the great Astrologer : ascendi in prema facie illius signi virgo pulchra et honesta habens in manu sua duas spicas et nutrit puerum , et vocat ipsum puerum quaedam gēs Ipsum , et ascendit cum eastella virginis ; Non quod subiaceret stellarum motui qui creauit ipsas stellas , sed quia quum extenderet coelum sicvt pellem , formans librum vniuersitatis , noluit literis eiusdem de esse ex his quae secundum prudentiam suam in libro aeternitatis sunt scriptae etiam elegantissimum illud a natura quod de virgine nasceretur , et per hoc innueretur homo carnalis et verus , qui non naturaliter nascebatur . There arose in the first aspect of the signe Virgo , a faire and chaste Virgin , hauing two eares of Corne in her hand , and a Childe in her armes , which Childe some nations doe call Iesus , not as if he that made the starres were any way subiect to the motion of the Starres , but that hee which stretcheth foorth the heauens as a scrole of Parchment , when hee writ the booke of nature , might not want witnes out of the booke of nature , of that which before was contayned in the book of aeternitie , which was his secret decree , that a Virgin should bring foorth a Childe , and so he should be described to vs to be a natural man although not borne after a naturall manner . Thus , haue I proued the comming of Christ by manie witnesses , of mē , of deuils , of stars & senseles creatures , cyted out of prophane stories , because the Atheist wil not beleeue the testimony of God & Angels in the holy Bible . Yet for their better satisfactiō concerning diuers particulars , I will alleage them reason so far as faith may bee made manifest by reason , that if possibly it may be , they may be brought to the acknowledgment of the truth . They aske vs what neede there was that the Son of God should take our flesh ? and whether God was not able to saue vs by other meanes ? I answer , Man offended God , & therfore it behoued man to make satisfaction , but mā alone was not able to satisfye , therefore God & mā were ioyned together . I proue the minor , that man alone was not able to satisfie , because God would not be satisfyed but by sacrifice , & no sacrifice vnlesse it were infinite , could suffice . That an infinite sacrifice was requisit , I proue by these reasons : An infinite offence cannot be purged but by a sacrifice answerable to the offence , but mans offence was infinite in two respects , first , of the infinite God-head w t was offended , secondly of man himself w t was the offender , which although he be finite , yet voluntate peccandi in infinitum rapitur , hee hath an infinite wil & desire to cōmit offences . And againe , as man alone was not sufficiēt , so it was not for God alone to worke this worke of our redēption , because there was no sacrifice sufficiēt to pacifie God but by death , & , as man without God could not ouer-come death , so God without man could not suffer death , & therefore it was required that the Sauiour of the worlde should be God incarnate , and so God and man to make one Christ might be vnited together . They aske how it came to passe that man offended ? For their satisfaction I answere : God made two especiall creatures to his owne Image , indued with vnderstanding , Angels and men : hee gaue thē two giftes wherby they might continue their happy estate , knowledge to distinguish betweene good and euill , & freedome of will to choose one & leaue the other , so that they might choose whether they would fall or stand . The Angelles first fell , the cause of their fall was pride , the obiect by which they were puffed vp , the reflection of themselues vpon their own selues beholding their owne glorie and that excellencie whereunto they were created . For they could not be proud without an obiect , & there could be no other obiect to make thē proud but themselues . For God was so farre aboue them in glorie , that the sight of him would make them rather to haue a meane conceite of themselues and as for man he was farre beneath them , that they took no such delight in looking so stedfastlye vpon him , as to compare him with themselues . And therfore they beheld themselues in themselues , and so being delighted with their owne glory , manie of them forgot their owne selues how they were subordinate vnto God , and so their seruice & duetie towards God was interrupted , which did consist in perfect loue , sincere adoration , and imitation of him . And for this cause they were cast downe . After their fall they enuied that man should stand , and mooued him to disobedience , the outward obiect which allured him to disobedience being an Apple , they mooued him to take the Apple by false suggestions ; that so his estate should bee aduanced . Now both Angells & men had fallen , it pleased God to restore man againe , but not Angells , for these two causes : First , the Angells being first in the praeuarication seduced man , and were the cause of his fall . Secondly , the Angells being Spirits and not bodies were of greater perfection then man was , & therefore better able to withstand sinne and all manner of temptations then man was , and therefore God was more highly displeased with the sinne of Angells then he was with the sinne of men . And therefore hee sent his Sonne for the redemption of Man , but not of Angells . They aske why the Father tooke not flesh rather then the Sonne ? why the Sonne being incarnate had his conception of the holy Ghost without begetting how he could be borne of a Virgin , and wherefore he was so borne ? to which questions I answer as followeth : The incarnation of the Sonne was the worke of the whole Trinitye , yet one person was incarnate , as if three sisters should make a Coate , and one put it on . Pater & Spiritus imple erunt carnem Christi maiestate , Filius tantum assumptione , The Father and the holy Ghost filled the flesh of Christ by their maiesty , but the Sonne by assumptiō of it vnto him selfe Quia congruum fuit , vt qui erat in deitate Filius Dei , esset in humanitate filius hominis , It was most fit that the Sonne onely should be incarnate , and not the father , nor the holy Ghost , that he which in his diuinity was the Sonne of God , might be in his humanitye the Sonne of man. He could not haue beene man , had he not beene conceiued . And forasmuch as he came into the world to redeeme mankind , which he could not doe vnles he were without sinne , & he could not haue beene without sinne , had he not beene conceiued onely and not begotten , For if man had begotten him he had begotten him in sinne , because omne simile generat sui simile , euerye thing which begetteth doth beget that which is like to it selfe , and therfore he was not begotten , but onely conceiued without the helpe of man , and he could not haue beene so conceiued , but by the holy Ghost . He was therefore conceiued by the holy Ghost , that he might be conceiued without sinne . As he was conceiued by the holy Ghost that he might be conceiued without sinne , so he was borne of a Virgin that he might be borne without sinne . But they aske how he could be borne of a Virgin ? I could aske them how Eue could be borne of Adam without a mother ? or Adam of the earth without father or mother ? why could not Christ aswell be borne of a mother without a father , as Eue of a man without a woman , or Adam without man or woman ? And because this doth not onely concerne the A theist , but also the Iewe and the Maniche , S. Augustin for confutation of them both sayth : Ego tibi ostendam incredule Iudaee & detestande Manichaee , peperisse Virginem , I will proue to the vnbeleeuing Iewe , and the curssed Maniche , how a Virgin may bring forth a Childe . Against the Iewe he alleageth that twelue roddes according to the number of the 12. Tribes were put into the Arke of the couenant , among the rest , Aarons rodde wanting moysture , and all the rightes of nature , contrary to nature brought forth fruite . Quod virga potuit , virgo non potuit ? virga potuit contra naturam Nuces producere , nunquid & Virgo non potuit contra naturam Dei filium generare ? ostendas mihi quo modo virga Nuces pratulit , & ego tibi ostendam quo modo Virgo filium peperit . That which a rodde could doe , could not a Virgin doe ? a rodde could contrary to nature bring forth Almonds , and could not a Virgin contrary to nature bring forth the Sonne of God ? shewe me how the rodde brought forth Almonds , and I will shewe thee how a Virgin brought forth a Childe . Rubus sust●…uit ignem , & non amisit viriditatem , sic Virgo peperit Christum & non amisit virginitatem . The Bush burned and yet continued greene , but as the Bush bore the heat of the fire without losse of viriditye , so the Virgin bore a Childe wtthout losse of virginitye . This may suffice to confute the Iewe which doth allow the authoritye of the bookes of Moses , but it wil not serue for the confutatiō of the Atheist , for he will aske me how it may stand with humane reason and with the rules of arte how this may be ? and how there may be penetratio corporum , that one body should penetrate an other ? I will not therfore cyte the authorityes & exāples of the scriptures , how Christ arose out of his graue , the graue being shut vp , & the stone not rolled away : how after his resurrection he went into the house where his Disciples were , the doores being locked : how at his ascension he peirced the heauens : how he is ( as before I haue shewed ) liberrimum agens , & medijs non alligatum , a free agent , and not tyed to meanes whereby he worketh : how he hath metaphysicum imperium in singula , a supernaturall power whereby he ouer-ruleth all creatures . But I will dispute by reason against the Atheist , as S. Augustin doth against the Maniche : Solis radius specular penetrat , & soliditatem illius insensibili soliditate pertransit , & talis videtur foris qualis intus , nec quum ingreditur violat , nec quum egreditur dissipat , quoniam ad ingressum & egressum specular integrum perseuerat . Specular non rumpit solaris radius , neque igitur integritatem Virginis vitiare potuit ingressus aut egressus Deitatis . The Sun-beame peirceth through the glasse , & the glasseis not broken , how it passeth through so solid & hard a body , the eye or sense of man cannot perceiue , it looketh alike both within and without : whē it entreth in , the glasse is not cracked by the entrance of it , when it goeth out agayne , the glasse remaineth without blemish as it was before : and so it is with our Sauiour Christ which passed through the Virgins wombe . He came in forme of a seruant that he might suffer , si enim cognouissent , Dominum gloriae non crucifixissent , for if he had beene outwardly glorious , that the Iewes had knowen him to be the Lord of glory , they had neuer put him to so vnglorious a death . And seeing that he came to dye , it behoued him to dye vpon the Crosse , & to choose that death aboue all other . Placuit Deo hominem reconciliasse eodem modo quo nouit cecidisse : homo damnatus est in ligno , reconciliatus est in ligno , vixit in ligno vitae , mortuus est in ligno scientiae , reuixit in ligno Crucis . Quia primus Adam deceptus est in ligno , secūdus Adam passus est in ligno . It pleased God that mā should rise by the same maner as he fel , but mās saluatiō came by the wood of y e tree , & therfore his saluatiō came throgh the wood of the tree . Because the first Adam was deceiued in the tree , the secōd Adā suffered in the tree . Man liued in the wood of life , man dyed in the wood of knowledge , man reuyued agayne in the wood of the crosse . The differēce being shewed between creating & redeming , & how hard it was for the Son to redeeme , ouer that it was for the Father to create , as namely the Father did his work by speaking , the Son his worke by doing , the Father commaūding , the Son by obeying , the father in 6. dayes , the Son in no lesse time thē 33. yeares , the father w t ease , the Son with groning , the Father as an agēt , the Son as a paciēt , the Father with the letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He , which is but an aspiration , the Sonne in the letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thau , which representeth the gallowes , or the Crosse . After reproach , by due course did follow glorie , after suffering death , victorie and triumph ouer death , else hee could not haue deliuered vs from death . And because vnderstanding creatures are in three places , deuils and damned soules in hell , men vppon earth , Angelles and blessed soules in Heauen , due course required that he should descend into hell to triumph among the Deuils & damned soules , arise from the dead to triumph before men , and ascend vp into heauen to Triumph among the Angells , & blessed soules which are in heauen . It was no strange thing for him to descend into hel , because that descension was onely in soule , & therefore an easie passage . Of his resurection from the dead we see manie resemblances , for out of the ashes of the dead Phoenix doth arise a liue Phoenix , of the Corne buried and rotted in the earth , foringeth vp Corne againe in greater measure then it was sowed , all these thinges being as vnlikely , and as impossible as the resurection from the dead . In Alcumistrie they see that when golde is brought to powder there is a speedie reduction of that same powder into golde againe , & so ofal other metalles : the heauens yeelde no moysture to the earth , but they take it vp againe . And as for his ascention vp into heauen it was most naturall vnto him , for where should a glorified body be , but in a place of glory , and where should God be but in heauen , which is his throne and dwelling place . Chapter , 14 The end of the world . THe Atheist thinketh the worlde shall haue no ende , but hee alleadgeth no reasons to proue his vngodly assertion , more then haue bin already answered by St. Peter . Our reasons to proue an end and consummation of all things are these . 1. What-soeuer had a beginning must also haue an end . That the worlde had a beginning , I haue alreadie proued in the 8. Chapter , and the sequell followeth in natural Philosophie , y t it must therefore haue and end because it had a beginning . There must bee resolutio in materiam primam , a resolution into that chaos wherof it was first made according to Aristotle the great Philosopher of the world . 2. Man is commonly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a little world , and for his sake the great worlde was partly made , for if hee stretcht foorth his armes at length , from the endes of his two middle fingers , to his head & foote , may be drawne a circle , his head is as the North pole , his feete instead of the South , his armes as the expansion of heauen , his handes as the East and West , his Nauel as the Center . In him are colde , heate , moysture , drinesse as the foure Elemēts , his heart still mouing representeth heauen which is in continuall motion , his soule an immortal Spirit guiding & moouing the bodie , resembleth God the guider of the worlde , But man which is the lesser worlde declineth , it followeth therefore as a good consequent , that the greater worlde also doth decline , and where there is declination there is also corruption , and death . That man declineth , it is manifest , for men are of lower stature , lesser bones and strength , and shorter life then their fore fathers were , but whatsoeuer is languishing , faynting & declining , doth growe to an end , & whence commeth this but from the declining estate of the greater world ? The earth we see , w t is the lower part of it , is not so fruitefull as before it was , but beginneth to bee baren , like the wombe of Sara , the fruites which she doth bring foorth yeeld not so much nutriment as before they did . And how commeth that to passe , but because the heauen also fainteth , the Planets wax olde , and cannot affoord so great vertue & influence to these lower bodies , as in times past they did ? as I'liny and Aulus Gellius testifie . But this is a manifest proofe seeing lesse and weaker bodies are conceiued euerye age in the wombe of nature , that nature waxeth olde and wearye of conceiuing , & cuiuscunque est senectus illius est mors , whatsoeuer waxeth olde , that also dyeth and hath an end . 3. If a man do but behold the face of heauen , the Moone looketh pale and wan , Mars lesse rubicund , Sol lesse orient , Iupiter not of so amiable and fauourable countenance , Venus more hipocriticall , all the rest both of the wandring & fixed stars , more weake & suspicious then they did before . That mightye Gyant which was wōt to runne his vnwearied race , now waxeth weary , as if he would stand still in heauen , as he did in the dayes of iosue , shineth more dimly , apeareth more sildome then before , what is this but an argument that shortly the high Arch of heauen which is erected ouer our heads , will fall & dissolue it selfe ? 4. What do so many irregular & threatning Eclipses portend , such vn-vsuall aspects of the starres , such fearfull Coniunctious of Planets , such prodigious apparitions of Comets ? but , that as the Apostle speaketh : The feruent desire of the creature wayteth when the sonnes of God shal be reuealed , euerie creature groneth with vs , and trauaileth in paine together vnto this present , that they may bee deliuered from the bondage of corruption , into the glorious liberty of the sonnes of God ? 5. Empires , and kingdomes , and all estates haue their fatall periods . Daniel his exposition of Nabuchodozer his dreame is now almost fulfilled , the head of gold , the shoulders of Siluer , the belly of brasse , are already worne out , nothing of that image is now lefte but the very stumps of clay , their dates are ended , their periods determined long since , & how is it possible that feete of claye should continue for euer , seing golde , siluer , brasse , & yron , such strong mettals are consumed ? what now remayneth therefore , but the stone cut out of the rocke without hands which bruiseth this image in peices ? The euerlasting kingdome of Iesus Christ in an other worlde , vnto which all the temporal kingdomes in this worlde must giue place , that all these being expired Christ in heauenly kingdome may rule for euer ? what remaineth now but that we looke dayly & howerly for this kingdome , that now we begin to climbe Jacob his Ladder , a peccato ad poenitentiam , a poenitentia ad opera , ab operibus ad iudicium , a iudicio ad miserccordiam , a misericordia ad gloriam , from sinne to repentance , from repentāce to good workes , from workes to iudgment , from iudgement to mercye , from mercy to glorye ? there is the glory of God standing vpon the top of the Ladder . Last of all that the worlde shall haue an end , & be consumed with fier , witnes not onely St. Peter the Apostle , but also Ouid the Poet , his wordes be these : Esse quoque infatis reminiscitur affore tempus , Quo mare , quo tellus , correptaque regia coeli Ardeat , & mundi moles operosa laboret . That the worlde shall haue an end , witnes Lucretius , his words are these : Vna dies dabit exitio , multosque per annos Sustentata ruet moles , & machina mundi , Accidet exitium Coeli , terraeque futurum . To this also agreeth the Poet Lucan , his wordes be these : Inuida fatorum series , summisque negatum Stare diu , nimioque graues sub pondere lapsus , Nec se Roma ferens . Sic cum compage soluta Secula tot mundi suprema coegerit hora Antiquum repetens iterum Chaos , omnia mistis Sidera sideribus concurrent , igneapontum Astrapetent , tellus extendere littora nolet , Excutietque fretum . Fratri contraria Phoebe Ibit , & obliquum bigas agitare per orbem Indignata diem poscet sibi , totaque , discors Machina , diuulsi turbabit foedera mundi , The fates enuye the states of mortall men , The highest seates doe not continue long : Great is the fall vnder the greater burden , ( and greatest thinges doe to them selues great'st wrong ) Rome was so great ( whome all the world did feare ) that Rome her selfe she could no longer beare . So when this well couch't frame of worlde shall burne , And the last houre so many ages end : To former Chaos all thinges shall returne , ( the enuyous fates this issue doe portend ) Then all the Planets shall confus'dly meete , And fires Caelestiall on the flouds shall sleete . The earth shall grudge to make the sea a shore , And cast it off , and push the fload away : The Moone enrag'd shall crosse her brother sore , And seeke to alter course , to shine by day : Thus all at oddes , in strife and out of frame , They shall disturbe the worlde , & spoyle the same . Chapter , 15. Of Hell fire . THus you haue heard , how by the course of nature the worlde shall haue an end . What then foloweth ? I say to the Atheist with S. Paul ; And thinkest thou ô man that thou shalt escape the iudgement of God ? shall men thinke there is no punishment for wicked men after this life ? I wish that they would beleue S. Ambros : Christus moriens in nouissimo Testamento singula singulis , officia distribuebat , Patri spiritum , militibus vestimenta , corpus Iudaeis , pacem Discipulis , Crucem . Apostolis , latroni paraedisium , peccatoribus infernum . When Christ dyed in his last wil & Testament , he bequeathed diuers Legacyes : To his Father he commended his soule , to the Iewes his bodye , to the Soldiers his garments , to his Disciples peace , to his Apostles the Crosse , Paradice to the good . Theefe which was crucified by him , but hel fire to vngodly men . But to perswade these vnbeleeuers that there is an hell , my reasons are these : First , I haue manifestly prooued that there is a God , and it cannot stand with the nature of God , but that he must be iust , and there can be no iustice in God vnles he punish offenders , they for the moste part do escape punishment in this worlde , Gods iudgements doe not ouer take them in this life therefore that God may be iust , their iudgement is reserued vnto another world that they may be punished in an other place , and where is that , but in Hell-sire . Secondly whereas Tully a Philosopher , Claudius Claudianus a Poet , Seneca , and others being so many , in their description of Hell , make mention of Minos & Rhadamanthus , the Iudges there so cruell and inexorable , the furies , the fier , Tantalus his euerlasting thirste , ●xion his wheele alwaies rolling , Titius vpon whose bowels the vultures are eternally feding , what is this but the same description of hel , which is in the Scriptures , eternal fire prepared for the deuill and his Angells , and as the Prophet Esay writeth : fier that shall neuer bee quenched , and a worme of conscience gnawing alwaies and neuer dying ? Thirdly , witnes the Atheist that there is a hell for wicked men . For many times hauing committed heynous offences , though so secret that no man can detect them , & he so mightie that he feareth no man that should punish him , yet he is inwardly troubled & vexed in his Conscience : what is this his Conscience but a secret feare that God will punish him ? he soeth that God doth not punish in this world according to the qualitye of such an offence , therfore he feareth punishment in an other world , then witnes the Atheist his owne Conscience there is a hell . Fourthly witnes , the Atheist that there is an hell , all be it hee denyeth Hell. For hee knoweth , and also verye well considerreth , that in the time of his health he is subiect to sicknes , pouertie , imprisonment , a whole sea of gall and bitternes , nay a worlde of discontentments , yet he would not dye Nay whē he is grieuously sicke , his panges intollerable , his disease vncurable , he would giue a great summe of money yet to prolonge his paine vpon earth , to liue heere continually though in continuall sickenes . And why is all this , but because hee is loath to die ? why is that , but because he feareth death ? But if hee thought his soule were extinguished by death , that after death there should be no iudgement , no hel , no feeling of sorrowe , then why should hee feare death ? Nay why should not an Atheist which is so worldly wise , and which loueth his own ease so much , desire to die , and so to be at rest rather then to liue in continuall sicknes , if he thought that death were an end of sorrowe ? Therefore it followeth as a necessarie consequent , that he feareth death , because he thinketh that a farther reckning is to be made of the thinges which he did in this life , that greater panges and torments shall ensue after death then could bee incident vnto him in this life , and that can bee nothing else but Hell-fier . Fiftly , let the Atheist for his better satisfaction concerning this point , but trauaile into the Land of Canaan , to beholde the lake Asphaltites , where Sodom stood , and he shall see the verie Image and Idea of Hell before his eyes ouen in this life . When he cōmeth thither these thinges shall present themselues vnto him : Tetrus odor , aspectus horrendus , lacus fietidus , fumus venenosus , poma quae morsu tentata , in fumum et fauillam or to fatiscente vanescunt . An vgly and loathsome smel of brimstone , horrible & dreadful prospect , a stinking lake poysoning smoke , Apples full of filthie vapours and sparkes of fier , the thinges which hee shall see with his eyes , smell with his Nostrells , and taste with his tongue , wil make him to confesse there is an hell . To them which aske whether hell be a materiall place or no ? I answer , it must of necessitie be so , because in it are to be tormented not onely soules , but also bodies . It is no imaginarie thing , because when they come there , it shal be no imaginarie punishēt which they shall suffer . If they aske where hell is ? surely it is in the lowest parts of the earth , because they are farthest from Heauen . But I wish them not to be so curious in disputing , and inquiring Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A69226-e270 Luc , 21 , 2. Contrà menda : Chap , 6. Dè Trinitat : Lib. 1. Chap , 3. Apoc , 2 , 4. & 14 , 15. & 20. Apoc , 3 , 1. 15 , & 16. Apoc , 13. 17 2 , Thes , 2 , 39. 1 , King , 12 , 31 Mal , 2. 9. Act , 13 , 22. Notes for div A69226-e790 Ephe , 2. Gal , 4. Rom , 1. Psalme , 14. Psalme , 36. Psalme , 10. 1. Cor. 15 , Iob , 4. 1. Sam. 3. Libro dé cuuatione Graecarū affectionū . Eleuch : alphabet : C , 1. Dè ●isto : pretarum , Dialo : 6. Iudith . 6. Exod , 5. 2 Reg , 18. Vide Suide Hist : Sozom. l. 6 , c 7. et . 10. Tripartit , hist . Theodore , l. 5. Hist . C. 25. Phil , 3. 1 Sam , 17. Prou , 8. 1 Iohn , 4. Math , 12. Hollend shed in his Cronicle . Machiauell principis . C , 1. De natura De orum . lib , 1. Math , 10. Rom , 12 , Esay , 2. Esay , 11 , Rom , 10. Luc , 2. Gen , 18. 2 Reg , 4. 1 Reg , 17. Deut , 11. Psal , 133. Math , 7 , & 15 Matb , 13. Math , 10. Act , 20. Ezech , 23. Math , 22. Act , 17. Psalm , 10. Iob , 1 , 1 , Sam , 4 2 , Reg. 23 2 , Reg , 25 Lib. 1. Cap. de neglect religione . De haeres . Lib. 1. Gen , 19 1 , Reg , 13 , 1 , Sam , 4 , Numb , 16 , 2 Reg , 2 2 Reg , 9. Leuit , 10 1 , Sam , 15 Dan , 5 Luc , 1 , Act. 8. Act. 5 , 2. Reg : 5 Deut , 32 Exod , 8 2 Pet , 3. Rom , 2. Psal , 10. Dè Ciui : Dei , Lib , 1. Chap , 8. 2 COL 4. 2 , Reg , 15 Exod , 5. Exod , 8. 1 Sam , 5. Dan , 4. Esther , 6. Pro , 19 , & 20 Act. 13. Act , 5. 1 Reg. 21. Dan , 3. Psal . 12. Act , 17. Psalm , 14. What haynous sin , blasphemous mangainst Gods beloued Sonne Doest thou commit ? vp brayding him who did for vs become ? Our self-same : flesh : who bore our sin , & pitved frō his Throne That most vhappy state of ours frō whence Adam was throwne . With such vncircumcised lippes forbeare ( ô wretch ) againe To Crucifye the Virgins soune , and feare eternall paine . De falsae religione . L. 1. C. 2 Ad filium suū Tatium quod manifestus Deus manifestissimus est . Psalm , 19. Rom , 1. Psal , 104. Ad filiū Tatiū Phisic : l , 2. c , 1 Iob , 12. Gen , 3. Math , 14. Gen , 4. Pro , 28. Rom , 2. Oratione pro. S. Roscio Amorine . Pro , 15 Esay , 57. Ouidij metamorpho : Gen , 4. Suco●●●● Ca●gul : Cap , 15 ●is in Nerone De natura De●●●… , Lib , 1. Institut : Lib , 1 Iouae , 1. Pro , 27. Dan , 9. Exod , 33. Metaphy : Lib , 1. Cap , 1. Officiorū , si , 1. 〈◊〉 Tatiū Cicero in som : Stip : Phisico : Lib , 7. Cap , 2. & 10. Phes L , 8 C 6 , de coelo . l , 1 , ● , 9 Lib , 2 , Cap , 3. Metaphy : Lib , 11 , Cap , 7. Laērtius dé vita Aristot : De pietate et Philosophia . Paenander Sermo sacar Glauis . De natu : deo●●●… . L , 1. ●●seuls quest : Lab. 1. Ciuitatis Dei , L. 22 , Cap. 8 Vide Carcaum de meteoris . Charion in his Chronicles . Plutarch in ●ita Fabii . Luuius . l. 4. Decad. 3. et L. 3. dec 1. Math. 2. Ignatius ad Ephes . Lib. 2. Sa●…turnal . Ad Ephe. Math. 26. Libello de Sph●ra . Sermone de pasions . Contra Celsum L , 2. Vide de ed Fusins apud Suidam . Apologiâ aduersus gentes . Iudith . 11 Theodo : bist : L , 3. C. 23. Sabell : anae . 8. L. 2. C , 11 Fulgentius , lib , 7 , & 6. Mat. lac . 2. Act. 19. Marci . 1. Ex. 7. Ex. 8. 1. Sam Vide Ciceronem Lib. 2. de diuinat . Arnobius aduersus Gentil Lib. 3. Sueton in Octau . C. 94. C , 70 Chap , 29 Niceph. hist . L 1. C , 17. Susdas . An Hebrus Childe , his selsea God , which other Gods doth quell . Bids me be silent , leaue my seate , and get me downe to hell . From this same place departe therefore : This Oracle will speake no more . Ro. 10. Phil. 2. In Marcum 〈◊〉 . 14. Meditat. Cap. 31. Poster Lib : 1 C. 3. Iohn . 3. Tuscul : quast . Lib. 1. Ro. 9. Ex , 33. Magister sentent . L. 1. dist . 3. Ro. 1 Mat. 3 , Gen , 3 , Gen , 18 Esay , 6. Saballius Anoe ad , 8 , L. C. 11 , Heb , 1 Peter Lomb : dist : 3 : Aug : de Trinitate , Lib. 4 Psal , 50 , Gen , 3. Ephe , 2 Ro. 1 , Exod , 7 , 1 , Sam , 5. De eiuitate Dei , Lib , 1 , C : 2 Aenaad , Lib , 2 De ciuitate Dei. L. 4. Cap. 34. Defalsa religione . Lib. 1. C. 3 Gal. 4. 1. Tim , 1 , In. Psal . 90. Ephes , 2 , 2. Tim. 3. 2 〈◊〉 et . 1 Ro. ● Psal , 2. Aduersus Indaeos . C. 7. 8 Act. 2. 2 , Pet , 3. Dan , 9. Iohn , 2. Apoc , 4. De Fide. lib , 4. Psal , 45 , Dan , 13. Math. 16 , Prafat in Biblea interlinear . Gen , 49 , 28. 1 Cor , 1. Aug. in Iohn , chrysost . hom . 4. in Esaiae verba vide dominum stantem super thronum Iosephus en Aristo . antique Lib. 12 , C , 2. Euseb . Lib. 8. Peup euen . C. 1. Act. 13. Iohn . 3. Math. 2. Math 26. Iohn . 9. Ex , 4. Dan. 7. Antiqu Lib. Vide Polidorū Virgil de muēt Vide Euseb : de temporibus et 10. de praepavat : euang et Lib 8. Heb , 1 Lactant. Lib. 1 c. 6. Hieron cont : Intuian : L , 1 , Theophi : Atio chonus ad Auto . Lib : 2. Clem : A exstro : Lib 2. Contra Celsum . L. 5 De diuinat . Lib. 1. Tit. 1. 1. Cor. 15. Menander in Thaide . Act. 17. Strom , Lib. 6 In oratione ad Autonium P●um . Vide Dionisium helicar : hist . Rom. L. 4 Lactantius , L. 1 , C , 6 Cornelius Tacitus annal . l. 〈◊〉 Eccles . 1. Math , 2. Numb . 24. Chalesdiús commentin Timaum Platon : In numeros hous : 13. Mat. 2. Saturnal : L , 2. Cap. 4. Math , 26. Iohn , 9. Metamor : L , 1 Antiquit : L , 8 Cap , 4. Gen , 1 , Iohn , 1. Paemandus . Ibidem . Centra Faustīs Manichaeum : Lib , 3 , Cap , 19. Ioh , 5. 2 Tim. 3. Numb . 16. Dent. 24 , Math. 19. Rom , 9 Math , 11 , Luc , 10 , Exod , 20 , Iob , 1 , Exod. 33 , 2 , Sam , 16 Exod , 20 Math , 26 , Act , 1 , Math , 7 , Gen , 1. Rom. 1. 1. Sam. 17. Iudith . 11. Exod. 7. Iudic. 16. DeCluit , Doi . Lib. 12. Ca. 17 Adoptatum epist. 157. Gen 2 Psal . 18. 1. Sam. 18. Gen , 40 , 2. Sam. 1. Act , 20. Esa . 26. Gal. 5. 1. Thes . 5 August epist . 157 Gen , 2 , De anima Lib 3 Ad Secun linū epist . 53. Iustitut Lib. 1 Psal . 50. 1. Cor. 7. Iohn . 3 , Officiorum lib. ●… Metaphisicorum . L. 1. C. 1. Postereorum . Lib. 1. C , 2 Naturalihist . Cap. 10. De Animalibus . Act , 7. 1 Reg , 6. Gen ● Gen , 1. In magnas Albumasaris coniunctiones . Selius Polihist : Cap. 18. Herodian . Herodotise in Melpo●●●●●… . Lib : 2 cap 23. Giuitat : Dei. Lib. 18. Anti , Li : ca. 4. Lib : 9. de preparat : Euang : Metam : Lib. 1. Apolog : 1 , Lib : de industria Animalium , Lib , d : deâ Syria . Gen , 19 , Deut. 29. Esa . 13. Math. 4. Math , 8 , Vide Garcaei meteora . Gal. 4. Mat , 8. Esay . 9. Heb. 2 , Symbolum Athanasis . De diuina Hone. L. 2. Lucius Florus . L , 4. C. 1. aglog . 4. Antiquit. Lib. 15. C. 13. Oratione ad sanctum caetum . Belts Indeici . L. 7. C. 12. In octan , Aug. C. 94. Rom. hist. Lib 37 Esay , 45. Mat , 2. Col , 2 , Orasius hist . L , 6 , C , 20. Heb. 1. Mat. 2. Petrus Aliacus Card : quest in Gen. 30. Inspeculo . In maiori introdactorio , tractatis sexta . Numb . 27. Exod. 3. Math , 28 , Luc , 24 , Marc , 16 , Ioh , 20. & 21 2 , Pet , 3 , Phis . L. 1. Natural hist , L , 7 , C. 16. N●ct , At : L. 13 , C , 1 , Psal . 19. Ro. 8 , Dan. 2 , Gen , 28 , 2 Pet. 3 , Metamor : Lib : 1. And there he shewes how 't is ordaynd of olde , that time shall come , when both the earth and sea , With heauens Arche , so glorious to beholde , shall burne , and all shall turne vnto decaye . Lib : 5. The worlde which stood so many yeares Shall in one day destroyed be : Destruction likewise shall appeare for heauen and earth most sodenly . Belliciuilis Lib : 1. Rom , 2. Tuscul : quaest : Lib , 1. Mat. 25. Esa . 66.