id sid tid token lemma pos 21781 1 1 VERTEBRATA vertebrata NN 21781 1 2 * * NFP 21781 1 3 * * NFP 21781 1 4 * * NFP 21781 1 5 E e NN 21781 1 6 - - NN 21781 1 7 text text NN 21781 1 8 Prepared prepare VBN 21781 1 9 by by IN 21781 1 10 " " `` 21781 1 11 Teary Teary NNP 21781 1 12 Eyes Eyes NNP 21781 1 13 " " '' 21781 1 14 Anderson Anderson NNP 21781 1 15 and and CC 21781 1 16 Dedicated dedicate VBN 21781 1 17 To to IN 21781 1 18 Destanie Destanie NNP 21781 1 19 ; ; : 21781 1 20 With with IN 21781 1 21 Hopes hope NNS 21781 1 22 Her -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1 23 Dream dream NN 21781 1 24 of of IN 21781 1 25 Becoming become VBG 21781 1 26 A a DT 21781 1 27 veterinarian veterinarian NN 21781 1 28 Comes come VBZ 21781 1 29 True true JJ 21781 1 30 Special special JJ 21781 1 31 Thanks thank NNS 21781 1 32 to to IN 21781 1 33 Deborah Deborah NNP 21781 1 34 Furness Furness NNP 21781 1 35 of of IN 21781 1 36 the the DT 21781 1 37 University University NNP 21781 1 38 College College NNP 21781 1 39 London London NNP 21781 1 40 for for IN 21781 1 41 her -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1 42 help help NN 21781 1 43 , , , 21781 1 44 and and CC 21781 1 45 research research NN 21781 1 46 , , , 21781 1 47 in in IN 21781 1 48 learning learn VBG 21781 1 49 about about IN 21781 1 50 this this DT 21781 1 51 book book NN 21781 1 52 , , , 21781 1 53 and and CC 21781 1 54 helping help VBG 21781 1 55 me -PRON- PRP 21781 1 56 understand understand VB 21781 1 57 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1 58 better well RBR 21781 1 59 . . . 21781 2 1 Spellchecked spellchecke VBN 21781 2 2 with with IN 21781 2 3 www.thesolutioncafe.com www.thesolutioncafe.com NN 21781 2 4 Note note NN 21781 2 5 : : : 21781 2 6 Project Project NNP 21781 2 7 Gutenberg Gutenberg NNP 21781 2 8 also also RB 21781 2 9 has have VBZ 21781 2 10 an an DT 21781 2 11 HTML html NN 21781 2 12 version version NN 21781 2 13 of of IN 21781 2 14 this this DT 21781 2 15 file file NN 21781 2 16 which which WDT 21781 2 17 includes include VBZ 21781 2 18 the the DT 21781 2 19 original original JJ 21781 2 20 illustrations illustration NNS 21781 2 21 . . . 21781 3 1 See see VB 21781 3 2 21781-h.htm 21781-h.htm CD 21781 3 3 or or CC 21781 3 4 21781-h.zip 21781-h.zip CD 21781 3 5 : : : 21781 3 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3 7 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/7/8/21781/21781-h/21781-h.htm http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/7/8/21781/21781-h/21781-h.htm XX 21781 3 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3 9 or or CC 21781 3 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3 11 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/7/8/21781/21781-h.zip http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/1/7/8/21781/21781-h.zip NNP 21781 3 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3 13 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 21781 3 14 's 's POS 21781 3 15 Note note NN 21781 3 16 : : : 21781 3 17 I -PRON- PRP 21781 3 18 try try VBP 21781 3 19 to to TO 21781 3 20 edit edit VB 21781 3 21 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3 22 e e NN 21781 3 23 - - NNS 21781 3 24 texts text NNS 21781 3 25 so so IN 21781 3 26 they -PRON- PRP 21781 3 27 can can MD 21781 3 28 easily easily RB 21781 3 29 be be VB 21781 3 30 used use VBN 21781 3 31 with with IN 21781 3 32 voice voice NN 21781 3 33 speech speech NN 21781 3 34 programs program NNS 21781 3 35 , , , 21781 3 36 I -PRON- PRP 21781 3 37 believe believe VBP 21781 3 38 blind blind JJ 21781 3 39 people people NNS 21781 3 40 and and CC 21781 3 41 children child NNS 21781 3 42 should should MD 21781 3 43 also also RB 21781 3 44 be be VB 21781 3 45 able able JJ 21781 3 46 to to TO 21781 3 47 enjoy enjoy VB 21781 3 48 the the DT 21781 3 49 many many JJ 21781 3 50 books book NNS 21781 3 51 now now RB 21781 3 52 available available JJ 21781 3 53 electronically electronically RB 21781 3 54 . . . 21781 4 1 I -PRON- PRP 21781 4 2 use use VBP 21781 4 3 the the DT 21781 4 4 -- -- : 21781 4 5 for for IN 21781 4 6 an an DT 21781 4 7 em em NN 21781 4 8 - - HYPH 21781 4 9 dash dash NN 21781 4 10 , , , 21781 4 11 with with IN 21781 4 12 a a DT 21781 4 13 space space NN 21781 4 14 either either CC 21781 4 15 before before IN 21781 4 16 or or CC 21781 4 17 after after IN 21781 4 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 4 19 depending depend VBG 21781 4 20 on on IN 21781 4 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 4 22 usage usage NN 21781 4 23 . . . 21781 5 1 This this DT 21781 5 2 helps help VBZ 21781 5 3 to to TO 21781 5 4 keep keep VB 21781 5 5 certain certain JJ 21781 5 6 programs program NNS 21781 5 7 from from IN 21781 5 8 squishing squish VBG 21781 5 9 the the DT 21781 5 10 words word NNS 21781 5 11 together together RB 21781 5 12 , , , 21781 5 13 such such JJ 21781 5 14 as as IN 21781 5 15 down down NN 21781 5 16 - - HYPH 21781 5 17 stairs stair NNS 21781 5 18 . . . 21781 6 1 Also also RB 21781 6 2 to to TO 21781 6 3 help help VB 21781 6 4 voice voice NN 21781 6 5 speech speech NN 21781 6 6 programs program NNS 21781 6 7 I -PRON- PRP 21781 6 8 've have VB 21781 6 9 enclosed enclose VBN 21781 6 10 upper upper JJ 21781 6 11 case case NN 21781 6 12 text text NN 21781 6 13 between between IN 21781 6 14 - - : 21781 6 15 and and CC 21781 6 16 _ _ NNP 21781 6 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 6 18 -UPPER -UPPER HYPH 21781 6 19 CASE CASE NNP 21781 6 20 TEXT TEXT NNP 21781 6 21 _ _ NNP 21781 6 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 6 23 , , , 21781 6 24 and and CC 21781 6 25 used use VBD 21781 6 26 underscores underscore NNS 21781 6 27 to to TO 21781 6 28 show show VB 21781 6 29 chapter chapter NN 21781 6 30 and and CC 21781 6 31 section section NN 21781 6 32 headers header NNS 21781 6 33 . . . 21781 7 1 I -PRON- PRP 21781 7 2 also also RB 21781 7 3 added add VBD 21781 7 4 a a DT 21781 7 5 second second JJ 21781 7 6 contents content NNS 21781 7 7 that that WDT 21781 7 8 shows show VBZ 21781 7 9 the the DT 21781 7 10 other other JJ 21781 7 11 sections section NNS 21781 7 12 of of IN 21781 7 13 this this DT 21781 7 14 e e NN 21781 7 15 - - NN 21781 7 16 text text NN 21781 7 17 . . . 21781 8 1 This this DT 21781 8 2 e e NN 21781 8 3 - - NN 21781 8 4 text text NN 21781 8 5 was be VBD 21781 8 6 made make VBN 21781 8 7 with with IN 21781 8 8 a a DT 21781 8 9 " " `` 21781 8 10 Top Top NNP 21781 8 11 can can MD 21781 8 12 " " `` 21781 8 13 text text NN 21781 8 14 scanner scanner NN 21781 8 15 , , , 21781 8 16 with with IN 21781 8 17 a a DT 21781 8 18 bit bit NN 21781 8 19 of of IN 21781 8 20 correcting correct VBG 21781 8 21 here here RB 21781 8 22 and and CC 21781 8 23 there there RB 21781 8 24 . . . 21781 9 1 This this DT 21781 9 2 book book NN 21781 9 3 is be VBZ 21781 9 4 volume volume NN 21781 9 5 one one CD 21781 9 6 of of IN 21781 9 7 two two CD 21781 9 8 . . . 21781 10 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 10 2 was be VBD 21781 10 3 later later RB 21781 10 4 reworked rework VBN 21781 10 5 by by IN 21781 10 6 A. a. NN 21781 10 7 M. M. NNP 21781 10 8 Davies Davies NNP 21781 10 9 in in IN 21781 10 10 1898 1898 CD 21781 10 11 under under IN 21781 10 12 the the DT 21781 10 13 title title NN 21781 10 14 " " `` 21781 10 15 Text text NN 21781 10 16 - - HYPH 21781 10 17 book book NN 21781 10 18 of of IN 21781 10 19 Zoology Zoology NNP 21781 10 20 " " '' 21781 10 21 , , , 21781 10 22 then then RB 21781 10 23 revised revise VBD 21781 10 24 and and CC 21781 10 25 rewritten rewrite VBN 21781 10 26 by by IN 21781 10 27 J. J. NNP 21781 10 28 T. T. NNP 21781 10 29 Cunningham Cunningham NNP 21781 10 30 about about IN 21781 10 31 1909 1909 CD 21781 10 32 and and CC 21781 10 33 W. W. NNP 21781 10 34 H. H. NNP 21781 10 35 Leigh Leigh NNP 21781 10 36 - - HYPH 21781 10 37 Sharpe Sharpe NNP 21781 10 38 around around RB 21781 10 39 1932 1932 CD 21781 10 40 . . . 21781 11 1 Although although IN 21781 11 2 these these DT 21781 11 3 editions edition NNS 21781 11 4 gave give VBD 21781 11 5 Wells Wells NNP 21781 11 6 the the DT 21781 11 7 main main JJ 21781 11 8 credit credit NN 21781 11 9 , , , 21781 11 10 most most JJS 21781 11 11 of of IN 21781 11 12 Wells Wells NNP 21781 11 13 ' ' POS 21781 11 14 writing writing NN 21781 11 15 and and CC 21781 11 16 all all PDT 21781 11 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 11 18 drawings drawing NNS 21781 11 19 were be VBD 21781 11 20 removed remove VBN 21781 11 21 ; ; : 21781 11 22 only only RB 21781 11 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 11 24 rough rough JJ 21781 11 25 outline outline NN 21781 11 26 seems seem VBZ 21781 11 27 to to TO 21781 11 28 have have VB 21781 11 29 been be VBN 21781 11 30 used use VBN 21781 11 31 . . . 21781 12 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 12 2 was be VBD 21781 12 3 re re VBN 21781 12 4 - - VBN 21781 12 5 published publish VBN 21781 12 6 by by IN 21781 12 7 University University NNP 21781 12 8 Tutorial Tutorial NNP 21781 12 9 Press Press NNP 21781 12 10 . . . 21781 13 1 The the DT 21781 13 2 First First NNP 21781 13 3 Edition Edition NNP 21781 13 4 , , , 21781 13 5 as as RB 21781 13 6 well well RB 21781 13 7 as as IN 21781 13 8 The the DT 21781 13 9 Second Second NNP 21781 13 10 and and CC 21781 13 11 Revised Revised NNP 21781 13 12 Edition Edition NNP 21781 13 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 13 14 with with IN 21781 13 15 dissections dissection NNS 21781 13 16 redrawn redrawn VBN 21781 13 17 by by IN 21781 13 18 Miss Miss NNP 21781 13 19 A. A. NNP 21781 13 20 C. C. NNP 21781 13 21 Robbins Robbins NNP 21781 13 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 13 23 are be VBP 21781 13 24 used use VBN 21781 13 25 in in IN 21781 13 26 this this DT 21781 13 27 e e NN 21781 13 28 - - NN 21781 13 29 text text NN 21781 13 30 . . . 21781 14 1 The the DT 21781 14 2 First First NNP 21781 14 3 Edition Edition NNP 21781 14 4 had have VBD 21781 14 5 some some DT 21781 14 6 small small JJ 21781 14 7 minor minor JJ 21781 14 8 errors error NNS 21781 14 9 , , , 21781 14 10 as as RB 21781 14 11 well well RB 21781 14 12 as as IN 21781 14 13 dissection dissection NN 21781 14 14 abbreviations abbreviation NNS 21781 14 15 that that WDT 21781 14 16 are be VBP 21781 14 17 shown show VBN 21781 14 18 on on IN 21781 14 19 the the DT 21781 14 20 Dissection Dissection NNP 21781 14 21 Sheets Sheets NNPS 21781 14 22 , , , 21781 14 23 but but CC 21781 14 24 no no DT 21781 14 25 mention mention NN 21781 14 26 of of IN 21781 14 27 them -PRON- PRP 21781 14 28 was be VBD 21781 14 29 listed list VBN 21781 14 30 in in IN 21781 14 31 the the DT 21781 14 32 text text NN 21781 14 33 . . . 21781 15 1 Certain certain JJ 21781 15 2 figures figure NNS 21781 15 3 on on IN 21781 15 4 the the DT 21781 15 5 Dissections Dissections NNPS 21781 15 6 Sheets sheet NNS 21781 15 7 are be VBP 21781 15 8 missing miss VBG 21781 15 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 15 10 such such JJ 21781 15 11 as as IN 21781 15 12 Figures figure NNS 21781 15 13 1 1 CD 21781 15 14 , , , 21781 15 15 2 2 CD 21781 15 16 , , , 21781 15 17 4 4 CD 21781 15 18 , , , 21781 15 19 with with IN 21781 15 20 no no DT 21781 15 21 mention mention NN 21781 15 22 to to IN 21781 15 23 a a DT 21781 15 24 3 3 CD 21781 15 25 , , , 21781 15 26 as as IN 21781 15 27 if if IN 21781 15 28 Mr. Mr. NNP 21781 15 29 Wells Wells NNP 21781 15 30 drew draw VBD 21781 15 31 a a DT 21781 15 32 Figure figure NN 21781 15 33 3 3 CD 21781 15 34 but but CC 21781 15 35 found find VBD 21781 15 36 it -PRON- PRP 21781 15 37 was be VBD 21781 15 38 not not RB 21781 15 39 needed need VBN 21781 15 40 and and CC 21781 15 41 removed remove VBD 21781 15 42 it -PRON- PRP 21781 15 43 from from IN 21781 15 44 the the DT 21781 15 45 book book NN 21781 15 46 ) ) -RRB- 21781 15 47 . . . 21781 16 1 Rather rather RB 21781 16 2 then then RB 21781 16 3 leaving leave VBG 21781 16 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 16 5 as as RB 21781 16 6 is be VBZ 21781 16 7 , , , 21781 16 8 I -PRON- PRP 21781 16 9 put put VBD 21781 16 10 { { -LRB- 21781 16 11 } } -RRB- 21781 16 12 marks mark NNS 21781 16 13 around around IN 21781 16 14 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 16 15 notes note NNS 21781 16 16 saying say VBG 21781 16 17 things thing NNS 21781 16 18 like like IN 21781 16 19 { { -LRB- 21781 16 20 No no DT 21781 16 21 Figure figure NN 21781 16 22 3 3 CD 21781 16 23 } } -RRB- 21781 16 24 . . . 21781 17 1 For for IN 21781 17 2 the the DT 21781 17 3 " " `` 21781 17 4 Second Second NNP 21781 17 5 and and CC 21781 17 6 Revised Revised NNP 21781 17 7 Edition Edition NNP 21781 17 8 " " '' 21781 17 9 Wells Wells NNP 21781 17 10 was be VBD 21781 17 11 able able JJ 21781 17 12 to to TO 21781 17 13 change change VB 21781 17 14 some some DT 21781 17 15 of of IN 21781 17 16 these these DT 21781 17 17 errors error NNS 21781 17 18 and and CC 21781 17 19 missing miss VBG 21781 17 20 parts part NNS 21781 17 21 , , , 21781 17 22 but but CC 21781 17 23 many many JJ 21781 17 24 of of IN 21781 17 25 the the DT 21781 17 26 same same JJ 21781 17 27 printing printing NN 21781 17 28 tablets tablet NNS 21781 17 29 were be VBD 21781 17 30 used use VBN 21781 17 31 and and CC 21781 17 32 with with IN 21781 17 33 almost almost RB 21781 17 34 each each DT 21781 17 35 addition addition NN 21781 17 36 other other JJ 21781 17 37 things thing NNS 21781 17 38 were be VBD 21781 17 39 removed remove VBN 21781 17 40 , , , 21781 17 41 ( ( -LRB- 21781 17 42 in in IN 21781 17 43 one one CD 21781 17 44 instance instance NN 21781 17 45 one one CD 21781 17 46 entire entire JJ 21781 17 47 section section NN 21781 17 48 from from IN 21781 17 49 a a DT 21781 17 50 chapter chapter NN 21781 17 51 ) ) -RRB- 21781 17 52 , , , 21781 17 53 and and CC 21781 17 54 many many JJ 21781 17 55 of of IN 21781 17 56 the the DT 21781 17 57 helpful helpful JJ 21781 17 58 suggestions suggestion NNS 21781 17 59 were be VBD 21781 17 60 shortened shorten VBN 21781 17 61 or or CC 21781 17 62 removed remove VBN 21781 17 63 so so RB 21781 17 64 other other JJ 21781 17 65 things thing NNS 21781 17 66 could could MD 21781 17 67 be be VB 21781 17 68 explained explain VBN 21781 17 69 more more JJR 21781 17 70 . . . 21781 18 1 In in IN 21781 18 2 an an DT 21781 18 3 ideal ideal JJ 21781 18 4 version version NN 21781 18 5 of of IN 21781 18 6 the the DT 21781 18 7 book book NN 21781 18 8 both both DT 21781 18 9 could could MD 21781 18 10 have have VB 21781 18 11 been be VBN 21781 18 12 used use VBN 21781 18 13 , , , 21781 18 14 but but CC 21781 18 15 with with IN 21781 18 16 reprinting reprint VBG 21781 18 17 the the DT 21781 18 18 entire entire JJ 21781 18 19 book book NN 21781 18 20 from from IN 21781 18 21 the the DT 21781 18 22 first first JJ 21781 18 23 to to IN 21781 18 24 the the DT 21781 18 25 second second JJ 21781 18 26 editions edition NNS 21781 18 27 almost almost RB 21781 18 28 as as IN 21781 18 29 many many JJ 21781 18 30 things thing NNS 21781 18 31 were be VBD 21781 18 32 lost lose VBN 21781 18 33 as as IN 21781 18 34 were be VBD 21781 18 35 gained gain VBN 21781 18 36 , , , 21781 18 37 so so CC 21781 18 38 I -PRON- PRP 21781 18 39 've have VB 21781 18 40 tried try VBN 21781 18 41 to to TO 21781 18 42 indicate indicate VB 21781 18 43 where where WRB 21781 18 44 both both DT 21781 18 45 text text NN 21781 18 46 go go VBP 21781 18 47 separate separate JJ 21781 18 48 paths path NNS 21781 18 49 with with IN 21781 18 50 the the DT 21781 18 51 following following NN 21781 18 52 ; ; : 21781 18 53 [ [ -LRB- 21781 18 54 Second Second NNP 21781 18 55 Edition Edition NNP 21781 18 56 only only RB 21781 18 57 text text NN 21781 18 58 ] ] -RRB- 21781 18 59 and and CC 21781 18 60 -First -First NNP 21781 18 61 Edition Edition NNP 21781 18 62 only only RB 21781 18 63 text,- text,- NNP 21781 18 64 and and CC 21781 18 65 also also RB 21781 18 66 { { -LRB- 21781 18 67 Lines line NNS 21781 18 68 from from IN 21781 18 69 Second Second NNP 21781 18 70 Edition Edition NNP 21781 18 71 only only RB 21781 18 72 . . . 21781 18 73 } } -RRB- 21781 19 1 and and CC 21781 19 2 { { -LRB- 21781 19 3 Lines line NNS 21781 19 4 from from IN 21781 19 5 First First NNP 21781 19 6 Edition Edition NNP 21781 19 7 only only RB 21781 19 8 . . . 21781 19 9 } } -RRB- 21781 20 1 were be VBD 21781 20 2 more more JJR 21781 20 3 then then RB 21781 20 4 just just RB 21781 20 5 a a DT 21781 20 6 sentence sentence NN 21781 20 7 is be VBZ 21781 20 8 added add VBN 21781 20 9 or or CC 21781 20 10 removed remove VBN 21781 20 11 . . . 21781 21 1 Other other JJ 21781 21 2 things thing NNS 21781 21 3 to to TO 21781 21 4 notice notice VB 21781 21 5 is be VBZ 21781 21 6 how how WRB 21781 21 7 some some DT 21781 21 8 words word NNS 21781 21 9 are be VBP 21781 21 10 spelt spelt JJ 21781 21 11 or or CC 21781 21 12 punctuated punctuate VBN 21781 21 13 differently differently RB 21781 21 14 throughout throughout IN 21781 21 15 the the DT 21781 21 16 book book NN 21781 21 17 , , , 21781 21 18 such such JJ 21781 21 19 as as IN 21781 21 20 ; ; : 21781 21 21 Blood blood NN 21781 21 22 Vessels Vessels NNP 21781 21 23 Blood blood NN 21781 21 24 - - HYPH 21781 21 25 Vessels vessel VBZ 21781 21 26 Bloodvessels Bloodvessels NNPS 21781 21 27 I -PRON- PRP 21781 21 28 've have VB 21781 21 29 tried try VBN 21781 21 30 to to TO 21781 21 31 keep keep VB 21781 21 32 these these DT 21781 21 33 as as RB 21781 21 34 close close RB 21781 21 35 to to IN 21781 21 36 the the DT 21781 21 37 original original JJ 21781 21 38 book book NN 21781 21 39 as as IN 21781 21 40 possible possible JJ 21781 21 41 . . . 21781 22 1 University University NNP 21781 22 2 Correspondence Correspondence NNP 21781 22 3 College College NNP 21781 22 4 Tutorial Tutorial NNP 21781 22 5 Series Series NNP 21781 22 6 . . . 21781 23 1 -Text -Text : 21781 23 2 - - : 21781 23 3 Book Book NNP 21781 23 4 Of of IN 21781 23 5 Biology Biology NNP 21781 23 6 . . . 21781 23 7 _ _ NNP 21781 23 8 by by IN 21781 23 9 H. H. NNP 21781 23 10 G. G. NNP 21781 23 11 Wells Wells NNP 21781 23 12 , , , 21781 23 13 Bachelor Bachelor NNP 21781 23 14 of of IN 21781 23 15 Science Science NNP 21781 23 16 , , , 21781 23 17 London London NNP 21781 23 18 . . . 21781 23 19 , , , 21781 23 20 Fellow Fellow NNP 21781 23 21 of of IN 21781 23 22 the the DT 21781 23 23 Zoological Zoological NNP 21781 23 24 Society Society NNP 21781 23 25 . . . 21781 24 1 Lecturer lecturer NN 21781 24 2 in in IN 21781 24 3 Biology Biology NNP 21781 24 4 at at IN 21781 24 5 University University NNP 21781 24 6 Tutorial Tutorial NNP 21781 24 7 College College NNP 21781 24 8 . . . 21781 25 1 With with IN 21781 25 2 An an DT 21781 25 3 Introduction introduction NN 21781 25 4 by by IN 21781 25 5 G. G. NNP 21781 25 6 B. B. NNP 21781 25 7 Howes Howes NNP 21781 25 8 , , , 21781 25 9 Fellow Fellow NNP 21781 25 10 of of IN 21781 25 11 the the DT 21781 25 12 Linnean Linnean NNP 21781 25 13 Society Society NNP 21781 25 14 , , , 21781 25 15 Fellow Fellow NNP 21781 25 16 of of IN 21781 25 17 the the DT 21781 25 18 Zoological Zoological NNP 21781 25 19 Society Society NNP 21781 25 20 . . . 21781 26 1 Assistant Assistant NNP 21781 26 2 Professor Professor NNP 21781 26 3 of of IN 21781 26 4 Zoology Zoology NNP 21781 26 5 , , , 21781 26 6 Royal Royal NNP 21781 26 7 College College NNP 21781 26 8 of of IN 21781 26 9 Science Science NNP 21781 26 10 , , , 21781 26 11 London London NNP 21781 26 12 . . . 21781 27 1 Part part NN 21781 27 2 1.-- 1.-- CD 21781 27 3 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 21781 27 4 . . . 21781 28 1 Contents Contents NNP 21781 28 2 Introduction Introduction NNP 21781 28 3 Preface Preface NNP 21781 28 4 The the DT 21781 28 5 Rabbit-- rabbit-- NN 21781 28 6 1 1 CD 21781 28 7 . . . 21781 29 1 External External NNP 21781 29 2 Form Form NNP 21781 29 3 and and CC 21781 29 4 General General NNP 21781 29 5 Considerations Considerations NNPS 21781 29 6 2 2 CD 21781 29 7 . . . 21781 30 1 The the DT 21781 30 2 Alimentary Alimentary NNP 21781 30 3 Canal Canal NNP 21781 30 4 of of IN 21781 30 5 the the DT 21781 30 6 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 30 7 3 3 CD 21781 30 8 . . . 21781 31 1 The the DT 21781 31 2 Circulation Circulation NNP 21781 31 3 4 4 CD 21781 31 4 . . . 21781 32 1 The the DT 21781 32 2 Amoeba Amoeba NNP 21781 32 3 , , , 21781 32 4 Cells Cells NNPS 21781 32 5 and and CC 21781 32 6 Tissue Tissue NNP 21781 32 7 5 5 CD 21781 32 8 . . . 21781 33 1 The the DT 21781 33 2 Skeleton Skeleton NNP 21781 33 3 6 6 CD 21781 33 4 . . . 21781 34 1 Muscle Muscle NNP 21781 34 2 and and CC 21781 34 3 Nerve Nerve NNP 21781 34 4 7 7 CD 21781 34 5 . . . 21781 35 1 The the DT 21781 35 2 Nervous Nervous NNP 21781 35 3 System System NNP 21781 35 4 8 8 CD 21781 35 5 . . . 21781 36 1 Renal renal JJ 21781 36 2 and and CC 21781 36 3 Reproductive Reproductive NNP 21781 36 4 Organs Organs NNP 21781 36 5 9 9 CD 21781 36 6 . . . 21781 37 1 Classificatory Classificatory NNP 21781 37 2 Points Points NNPS 21781 37 3 10 10 CD 21781 37 4 . . . 21781 38 1 Questions question NNS 21781 38 2 and and CC 21781 38 3 Exercises exercise NNS 21781 38 4 The the DT 21781 38 5 Frog-- Frog-- NNP 21781 38 6 1 1 CD 21781 38 7 . . . 21781 39 1 General General NNP 21781 39 2 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 39 3 2 2 CD 21781 39 4 . . . 21781 40 1 The the DT 21781 40 2 Skull Skull NNP 21781 40 3 of of IN 21781 40 4 the the DT 21781 40 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 40 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 40 7 and and CC 21781 40 8 the the DT 21781 40 9 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP 21781 40 10 Skull Skull NNP 21781 40 11 generally generally RB 21781 40 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 40 13 3 3 CD 21781 40 14 . . . 21781 41 1 Questions question NNS 21781 41 2 on on IN 21781 41 3 the the DT 21781 41 4 Frog Frog NNP 21781 41 5 The the DT 21781 41 6 Dog Dog NNP 21781 41 7 - - HYPH 21781 41 8 Fish-- Fish-- NNP 21781 41 9 1 1 CD 21781 41 10 . . . 21781 42 1 General General NNP 21781 42 2 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 42 3 2 2 CD 21781 42 4 . . . 21781 43 1 Questions question NNS 21781 43 2 on on IN 21781 43 3 the the DT 21781 43 4 Dog Dog NNP 21781 43 5 - - HYPH 21781 43 6 Fish Fish NNP 21781 43 7 Amphioxus-- Amphioxus-- NNP 21781 43 8 1 1 CD 21781 43 9 . . . 21781 44 1 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 44 2 2 2 CD 21781 44 3 . . . 21781 45 1 The the DT 21781 45 2 Development Development NNP 21781 45 3 of of IN 21781 45 4 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 45 5 3 3 CD 21781 45 6 . . . 21781 46 1 Questions question NNS 21781 46 2 on on IN 21781 46 3 Amphioxus amphioxus JJ 21781 46 4 Development-- development-- NN 21781 46 5 The the DT 21781 46 6 Development Development NNP 21781 46 7 of of IN 21781 46 8 the the DT 21781 46 9 Frog Frog NNP 21781 46 10 The the DT 21781 46 11 Development Development NNP 21781 46 12 of of IN 21781 46 13 the the DT 21781 46 14 Fowl Fowl NNP 21781 46 15 The the DT 21781 46 16 Development Development NNP 21781 46 17 of of IN 21781 46 18 the the DT 21781 46 19 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 46 20 The the DT 21781 46 21 Theory Theory NNP 21781 46 22 of of IN 21781 46 23 Evolution Evolution NNP 21781 46 24 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 46 25 on on IN 21781 46 26 Embryology Embryology NNP 21781 46 27 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous NNP 21781 46 28 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 46 29 Note note VBP 21781 46 30 on on IN 21781 46 31 Making make VBG 21781 46 32 Comparisons comparison NNS 21781 46 33 Syllabus syllabus NN 21781 46 34 of of IN 21781 46 35 Practical Practical NNP 21781 46 36 Work Work NNP 21781 46 37 { { -LRB- 21781 46 38 Contents content VBZ 21781 46 39 part part NN 21781 46 40 2 2 CD 21781 46 41 } } -RRB- 21781 46 42 Key Key NNP 21781 46 43 for for IN 21781 46 44 Dissection Dissection NNP 21781 46 45 Sheets Sheets NNPS 21781 46 46 , , , 21781 46 47 and and CC 21781 46 48 Abbreviations Abbreviations NNP 21781 46 49 -Introduction -Introduction NNP 21781 46 50 _ _ NNP 21781 46 51 In in IN 21781 46 52 the the DT 21781 46 53 year year NN 21781 46 54 1884 1884 CD 21781 46 55 I -PRON- PRP 21781 46 56 was be VBD 21781 46 57 invited invite VBN 21781 46 58 to to TO 21781 46 59 give give VB 21781 46 60 tuition tuition NN 21781 46 61 by by IN 21781 46 62 correspondence correspondence NN 21781 46 63 , , , 21781 46 64 in in IN 21781 46 65 Biology Biology NNP 21781 46 66 . . . 21781 47 1 Although although IN 21781 47 2 disposed dispose VBN 21781 47 3 at at IN 21781 47 4 the the DT 21781 47 5 time time NN 21781 47 6 to to TO 21781 47 7 ridicule ridicule VB 21781 47 8 the the DT 21781 47 9 idea idea NN 21781 47 10 of of IN 21781 47 11 imparting impart VBG 21781 47 12 instruction instruction NN 21781 47 13 in in IN 21781 47 14 natural natural JJ 21781 47 15 science science NN 21781 47 16 by by IN 21781 47 17 letter letter NN 21781 47 18 , , , 21781 47 19 I -PRON- PRP 21781 47 20 gladly gladly RB 21781 47 21 accepted accept VBD 21781 47 22 the the DT 21781 47 23 opportunity opportunity NN 21781 47 24 thus thus RB 21781 47 25 afforded afford VBD 21781 47 26 me -PRON- PRP 21781 47 27 of of IN 21781 47 28 ascertaining ascertain VBG 21781 47 29 for for IN 21781 47 30 myself -PRON- PRP 21781 47 31 what what WP 21781 47 32 could could MD 21781 47 33 and and CC 21781 47 34 could could MD 21781 47 35 not not RB 21781 47 36 be be VB 21781 47 37 accomplished accomplish VBN 21781 47 38 in in IN 21781 47 39 that that DT 21781 47 40 direction direction NN 21781 47 41 . . . 21781 48 1 Anyone anyone NN 21781 48 2 familiar familiar JJ 21781 48 3 with with IN 21781 48 4 the the DT 21781 48 5 scope scope NN 21781 48 6 of of IN 21781 48 7 biological biological JJ 21781 48 8 enquiry enquiry NN 21781 48 9 , , , 21781 48 10 and and CC 21781 48 11 the the DT 21781 48 12 methods method NNS 21781 48 13 of of IN 21781 48 14 biological biological JJ 21781 48 15 instruction instruction NN 21781 48 16 , , , 21781 48 17 will will MD 21781 48 18 not not RB 21781 48 19 need need VB 21781 48 20 to to TO 21781 48 21 be be VB 21781 48 22 reminded remind VBN 21781 48 23 that that IN 21781 48 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 48 25 is be VBZ 21781 48 26 only only RB 21781 48 27 by by IN 21781 48 28 the the DT 21781 48 29 most most RBS 21781 48 30 rigorous rigorous JJ 21781 48 31 employment employment NN 21781 48 32 of of IN 21781 48 33 precise precise JJ 21781 48 34 directions direction NNS 21781 48 35 for for IN 21781 48 36 observation observation NN 21781 48 37 , , , 21781 48 38 that that IN 21781 48 39 any any DT 21781 48 40 good good JJ 21781 48 41 results result NNS 21781 48 42 are be VBP 21781 48 43 to to TO 21781 48 44 be be VB 21781 48 45 looked look VBN 21781 48 46 for for IN 21781 48 47 at at IN 21781 48 48 the the DT 21781 48 49 hand hand NN 21781 48 50 of of IN 21781 48 51 the the DT 21781 48 52 elementary elementary JJ 21781 48 53 student student NN 21781 48 54 . . . 21781 49 1 True true JJ 21781 49 2 to to IN 21781 49 3 this this DT 21781 49 4 principle principle NN 21781 49 5 , , , 21781 49 6 I -PRON- PRP 21781 49 7 determined determine VBD 21781 49 8 to to TO 21781 49 9 issue issue VB 21781 49 10 to to IN 21781 49 11 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 49 12 correspondence correspondence NN 21781 49 13 pupils pupil VBZ 21781 49 14 rigid rigid JJ 21781 49 15 instructions instruction NNS 21781 49 16 , , , 21781 49 17 and and CC 21781 49 18 to to TO 21781 49 19 demand demand VB 21781 49 20 in in IN 21781 49 21 return return NN 21781 49 22 faithful faithful JJ 21781 49 23 annotated annotate VBN 21781 49 24 drawings drawing NNS 21781 49 25 of of IN 21781 49 26 facts fact NNS 21781 49 27 observed observe VBN 21781 49 28 in in IN 21781 49 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 49 30 usage usage NN 21781 49 31 . . . 21781 50 1 In in IN 21781 50 2 the the DT 21781 50 3 case case NN 21781 50 4 of of IN 21781 50 5 two two CD 21781 50 6 among among IN 21781 50 7 the the DT 21781 50 8 few few JJ 21781 50 9 students student NNS 21781 50 10 who who WP 21781 50 11 passed pass VBD 21781 50 12 through through IN 21781 50 13 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 50 14 hands hand NNS 21781 50 15 , , , 21781 50 16 the the DT 21781 50 17 result result NN 21781 50 18 far far RB 21781 50 19 exceeded exceed VBD 21781 50 20 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 50 21 most most RBS 21781 50 22 sanguine sanguine JJ 21781 50 23 anticipations anticipation NNS 21781 50 24 . . . 21781 51 1 The the DT 21781 51 2 notes note NNS 21781 51 3 sent send VBD 21781 51 4 in in RP 21781 51 5 by by IN 21781 51 6 one one CD 21781 51 7 of of IN 21781 51 8 them-- them-- NN 21781 51 9 a a DT 21781 51 10 man man NN 21781 51 11 working work VBG 21781 51 12 at at IN 21781 51 13 a a DT 21781 51 14 distance distance NN 21781 51 15 , , , 21781 51 16 alone alone RB 21781 51 17 and and CC 21781 51 18 unaided-- unaided-- DT 21781 51 19 far far RB 21781 51 20 excelled excelled JJ 21781 51 21 those those DT 21781 51 22 wrung wrung NN 21781 51 23 from from IN 21781 51 24 many many JJ 21781 51 25 a a DT 21781 51 26 student student NN 21781 51 27 placed place VBN 21781 51 28 under under IN 21781 51 29 the the DT 21781 51 30 most most RBS 21781 51 31 favourable favourable JJ 21781 51 32 surroundings surrounding NNS 21781 51 33 ; ; : 21781 51 34 and and CC 21781 51 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 51 36 promise promise NN 21781 51 37 for for IN 21781 51 38 the the DT 21781 51 39 future future NN 21781 51 40 has have VBZ 21781 51 41 been be VBN 21781 51 42 fulfilled fulfil VBN 21781 51 43 to to IN 21781 51 44 the the DT 21781 51 45 utmost utmost JJ 21781 51 46 , , , 21781 51 47 the the DT 21781 51 48 individual individual NN 21781 51 49 in in IN 21781 51 50 question question NN 21781 51 51 being be VBG 21781 51 52 now now RB 21781 51 53 a a DT 21781 51 54 recognised recognise VBN 21781 51 55 investigator investigator NN 21781 51 56 . . . 21781 52 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 52 2 thus thus RB 21781 52 3 became become VBD 21781 52 4 clear clear JJ 21781 52 5 that that IN 21781 52 6 , , , 21781 52 7 not not RB 21781 52 8 - - HYPH 21781 52 9 with with RB 21781 52 10 - - HYPH 21781 52 11 standing stand VBG 21781 52 12 the the DT 21781 52 13 complex complex JJ 21781 52 14 conditions condition NNS 21781 52 15 of of IN 21781 52 16 work work NN 21781 52 17 in in IN 21781 52 18 the the DT 21781 52 19 biological biological JJ 21781 52 20 field field NN 21781 52 21 , , , 21781 52 22 tuition tuition NN 21781 52 23 by by IN 21781 52 24 correspondence correspondence NN 21781 52 25 would would MD 21781 52 26 suffice suffice VB 21781 52 27 to to TO 21781 52 28 awaken awaken VB 21781 52 29 the the DT 21781 52 30 latent latent NN 21781 52 31 abilities ability NNS 21781 52 32 of of IN 21781 52 33 a a DT 21781 52 34 naturally naturally RB 21781 52 35 qualified qualified JJ 21781 52 36 enquirer enquirer NN 21781 52 37 . . . 21781 53 1 The the DT 21781 53 2 average average JJ 21781 53 3 members member NNS 21781 53 4 of of IN 21781 53 5 a a DT 21781 53 6 University University NNP 21781 53 7 Correspondence Correspondence NNP 21781 53 8 Class Class NNP 21781 53 9 will will MD 21781 53 10 be be VB 21781 53 11 found find VBN 21781 53 12 neither neither RB 21781 53 13 better well JJR 21781 53 14 nor nor CC 21781 53 15 worse bad JJR 21781 53 16 than than IN 21781 53 17 those those DT 21781 53 18 of of IN 21781 53 19 any any DT 21781 53 20 other other JJ 21781 53 21 , , , 21781 53 22 and and CC 21781 53 23 they -PRON- PRP 21781 53 24 may may MD 21781 53 25 therefore therefore RB 21781 53 26 pass pass VB 21781 53 27 unnoticed unnoticed JJ 21781 53 28 ; ; : 21781 53 29 if if IN 21781 53 30 however however RB 21781 53 31 , , , 21781 53 32 the the DT 21781 53 33 correspondence correspondence NN 21781 53 34 system system NN 21781 53 35 of of IN 21781 53 36 tuition tuition NN 21781 53 37 may may MD 21781 53 38 furnish furnish VB 21781 53 39 the the DT 21781 53 40 means mean NNS 21781 53 41 of of IN 21781 53 42 arousing arouse VBG 21781 53 43 a a DT 21781 53 44 latent latent NN 21781 53 45 aptitude aptitude NN 21781 53 46 , , , 21781 53 47 when when WRB 21781 53 48 the the DT 21781 53 49 possibilities possibility NNS 21781 53 50 of of IN 21781 53 51 other other JJ 21781 53 52 methods method NNS 21781 53 53 of of IN 21781 53 54 approach approach NN 21781 53 55 are be VBP 21781 53 56 excluded-- excluded-- JJ 21781 53 57 and and CC 21781 53 58 in in IN 21781 53 59 so so RB 21781 53 60 doing do VBG 21781 53 61 , , , 21781 53 62 of of IN 21781 53 63 elevating elevate VBG 21781 53 64 the the DT 21781 53 65 individual individual NN 21781 53 66 to to IN 21781 53 67 that that DT 21781 53 68 position position NN 21781 53 69 for for IN 21781 53 70 which which WDT 21781 53 71 he -PRON- PRP 21781 53 72 was be VBD 21781 53 73 by by IN 21781 53 74 nature nature NN 21781 53 75 qualified qualify VBN 21781 53 76 , , , 21781 53 77 ensuring ensure VBG 21781 53 78 him -PRON- PRP 21781 53 79 the the DT 21781 53 80 introduction introduction NN 21781 53 81 to to IN 21781 53 82 the the DT 21781 53 83 one one CD 21781 53 84 sphere sphere NN 21781 53 85 of of IN 21781 53 86 labour labour NN 21781 53 87 for for IN 21781 53 88 which which WDT 21781 53 89 he -PRON- PRP 21781 53 90 was be VBD 21781 53 91 born-- born-- VBN 21781 53 92 it -PRON- PRP 21781 53 93 will will MD 21781 53 94 have have VB 21781 53 95 created create VBN 21781 53 96 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 53 97 own own JJ 21781 53 98 defence defence NN 21781 53 99 , , , 21781 53 100 and and CC 21781 53 101 have have VBP 21781 53 102 merited merit VBN 21781 53 103 the the DT 21781 53 104 confidence confidence NN 21781 53 105 of of IN 21781 53 106 all all DT 21781 53 107 right right JJ 21781 53 108 - - HYPH 21781 53 109 thinking think VBG 21781 53 110 people people NNS 21781 53 111 . . . 21781 54 1 The the DT 21781 54 2 plucking plucking NN 21781 54 3 of of IN 21781 54 4 one one CD 21781 54 5 such such JJ 21781 54 6 brand brand NN 21781 54 7 from from IN 21781 54 8 the the DT 21781 54 9 burning burning NN 21781 54 10 is be VBZ 21781 54 11 ample ample JJ 21781 54 12 compensation compensation NN 21781 54 13 for for IN 21781 54 14 the the DT 21781 54 15 energy energy NN 21781 54 16 expended expend VBN 21781 54 17 on on IN 21781 54 18 any any DT 21781 54 19 number number NN 21781 54 20 of of IN 21781 54 21 average average JJ 21781 54 22 dullards dullard NNS 21781 54 23 , , , 21781 54 24 who who WP 21781 54 25 but but CC 21781 54 26 require require VBP 21781 54 27 to to TO 21781 54 28 be be VB 21781 54 29 left leave VBN 21781 54 30 alone alone JJ 21781 54 31 to to TO 21781 54 32 find find VB 21781 54 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 54 34 natural natural JJ 21781 54 35 level level NN 21781 54 36 . . . 21781 55 1 Mr. Mr. NNP 21781 55 2 Wells Wells NNP 21781 55 3 ' ' POS 21781 55 4 little little JJ 21781 55 5 book book NN 21781 55 6 is be VBZ 21781 55 7 avowedly avowedly RB 21781 55 8 written write VBN 21781 55 9 for for IN 21781 55 10 examination examination NN 21781 55 11 purposes purpose NNS 21781 55 12 , , , 21781 55 13 and and CC 21781 55 14 in in IN 21781 55 15 conformity conformity NN 21781 55 16 with with IN 21781 55 17 the the DT 21781 55 18 requirements requirement NNS 21781 55 19 of of IN 21781 55 20 the the DT 21781 55 21 now now RB 21781 55 22 familiar familiar JJ 21781 55 23 " " `` 21781 55 24 type type NN 21781 55 25 system system NN 21781 55 26 " " '' 21781 55 27 of of IN 21781 55 28 teaching teaching NN 21781 55 29 . . . 21781 56 1 Recent recent JJ 21781 56 2 attempts attempt NNS 21781 56 3 have have VBP 21781 56 4 been be VBN 21781 56 5 made make VBN 21781 56 6 to to TO 21781 56 7 depreciate depreciate VB 21781 56 8 this this DT 21781 56 9 . . . 21781 57 1 While while IN 21781 57 2 affording afford VBG 21781 57 3 a a DT 21781 57 4 discipline discipline NN 21781 57 5 in in IN 21781 57 6 detailed detailed JJ 21781 57 7 observation observation NN 21781 57 8 and and CC 21781 57 9 manipulation manipulation NN 21781 57 10 second second RB 21781 57 11 to to IN 21781 57 12 that that DT 21781 57 13 of of IN 21781 57 14 no no DT 21781 57 15 other other JJ 21781 57 16 branch branch NN 21781 57 17 of of IN 21781 57 18 learning learning NN 21781 57 19 , , , 21781 57 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 57 21 provides provide VBZ 21781 57 22 for for IN 21781 57 23 that that DT 21781 57 24 " " `` 21781 57 25 deduction deduction NN 21781 57 26 " " '' 21781 57 27 and and CC 21781 57 28 " " `` 21781 57 29 verification verification NN 21781 57 30 " " '' 21781 57 31 by by IN 21781 57 32 which which WDT 21781 57 33 all all DT 21781 57 34 science science NN 21781 57 35 has have VBZ 21781 57 36 been be VBN 21781 57 37 built build VBN 21781 57 38 up up RP 21781 57 39 ; ; : 21781 57 40 and and CC 21781 57 41 this this DT 21781 57 42 appears appear VBZ 21781 57 43 to to IN 21781 57 44 me -PRON- PRP 21781 57 45 ample ample JJ 21781 57 46 justification justification NN 21781 57 47 for for IN 21781 57 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 57 49 retention retention NN 21781 57 50 , , , 21781 57 51 as as IN 21781 57 52 the the DT 21781 57 53 most most RBS 21781 57 54 rational rational JJ 21781 57 55 system system NN 21781 57 56 which which WDT 21781 57 57 can can MD 21781 57 58 be be VB 21781 57 59 to to IN 21781 57 60 - - HYPH 21781 57 61 day day NN 21781 57 62 adopted adopt VBN 21781 57 63 . . . 21781 58 1 Evidence evidence NN 21781 58 2 that that IN 21781 58 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 58 4 alleged allege VBN 21781 58 5 shortcomings shortcoming NNS 21781 58 6 are be VBP 21781 58 7 due due JJ 21781 58 8 rather rather RB 21781 58 9 to to IN 21781 58 10 defective defective VB 21781 58 11 handling handling NN 21781 58 12 than than IN 21781 58 13 to to IN 21781 58 14 any any DT 21781 58 15 inherent inherent JJ 21781 58 16 weakness weakness NN 21781 58 17 of of IN 21781 58 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 58 19 own own JJ 21781 58 20 , , , 21781 58 21 would would MD 21781 58 22 not not RB 21781 58 23 be be VB 21781 58 24 difficult difficult JJ 21781 58 25 to to TO 21781 58 26 produce produce VB 21781 58 27 . . . 21781 59 1 Although although IN 21781 59 2 rigid rigid JJ 21781 59 3 in in IN 21781 59 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 59 5 discipline discipline NN 21781 59 6 , , , 21781 59 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 59 8 admits admit VBZ 21781 59 9 of of IN 21781 59 10 commentatorial commentatorial JJ 21781 59 11 treatment treatment NN 21781 59 12 which which WDT 21781 59 13 , , , 21781 59 14 while while IN 21781 59 15 heightening heighten VBG 21781 59 16 the the DT 21781 59 17 interest interest NN 21781 59 18 of of IN 21781 59 19 the the DT 21781 59 20 student student NN 21781 59 21 , , , 21781 59 22 is be VBZ 21781 59 23 calculated calculate VBN 21781 59 24 to to TO 21781 59 25 stimulate stimulate VB 21781 59 26 alike alike RB 21781 59 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 59 28 ambition ambition NN 21781 59 29 and and CC 21781 59 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 59 31 imagination imagination NN 21781 59 32 . . . 21781 60 1 That that IN 21781 60 2 the the DT 21781 60 3 sister sister NN 21781 60 4 sciences science NNS 21781 60 5 of of IN 21781 60 6 Botany Botany NNP 21781 60 7 and and CC 21781 60 8 Zoology Zoology NNP 21781 60 9 fall fall VBP 21781 60 10 under under IN 21781 60 11 one one CD 21781 60 12 discipline discipline NN 21781 60 13 , , , 21781 60 14 is be VBZ 21781 60 15 expressed express VBN 21781 60 16 in in IN 21781 60 17 the the DT 21781 60 18 English english JJ 21781 60 19 usage usage NN 21781 60 20 of of IN 21781 60 21 the the DT 21781 60 22 term term NN 21781 60 23 " " `` 21781 60 24 Biology Biology NNP 21781 60 25 . . . 21781 60 26 " " '' 21781 61 1 Experience experience NN 21781 61 2 has have VBZ 21781 61 3 shown show VBN 21781 61 4 that that IN 21781 61 5 the the DT 21781 61 6 best good JJS 21781 61 7 work work NN 21781 61 8 in in IN 21781 61 9 either either DT 21781 61 10 department department NN 21781 61 11 has have VBZ 21781 61 12 been be VBN 21781 61 13 produced produce VBN 21781 61 14 by by IN 21781 61 15 those those DT 21781 61 16 who who WP 21781 61 17 have have VBP 21781 61 18 acquired acquire VBN 21781 61 19 on on IN 21781 61 20 all all DT 21781 61 21 - - HYPH 21781 61 22 round round JJ 21781 61 23 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 61 24 of of IN 21781 61 25 at at IN 21781 61 26 least least JJS 21781 61 27 the the DT 21781 61 28 elementary elementary JJ 21781 61 29 stages stage NNS 21781 61 30 of of IN 21781 61 31 both both DT 21781 61 32 ; ; : 21781 61 33 and and CC 21781 61 34 , , , 21781 61 35 that that IN 21781 61 36 the the DT 21781 61 37 advanced advanced JJ 21781 61 38 morphologist morphologist NN 21781 61 39 and and CC 21781 61 40 physiologist physiologist NN 21781 61 41 are be VBP 21781 61 42 alike alike RB 21781 61 43 the the DT 21781 61 44 better well JJR 21781 61 45 for for IN 21781 61 46 a a DT 21781 61 47 familiarity familiarity NN 21781 61 48 with with IN 21781 61 49 the the DT 21781 61 50 principles-- principles-- NN 21781 61 51 not not RB 21781 61 52 to to TO 21781 61 53 say say VB 21781 61 54 with with IN 21781 61 55 the the DT 21781 61 56 progressive progressive JJ 21781 61 57 advancement-- advancement-- NNP 21781 61 58 of of IN 21781 61 59 each each DT 21781 61 60 other other JJ 21781 61 61 's 's POS 21781 61 62 domain domain NN 21781 61 63 , , , 21781 61 64 is be VBZ 21781 61 65 to to IN 21781 61 66 - - HYPH 21781 61 67 day day NN 21781 61 68 undeniable undeniable JJ 21781 61 69 . . . 21781 62 1 These these DT 21781 62 2 and and CC 21781 62 3 other other JJ 21781 62 4 allied ally VBN 21781 62 5 considerations consideration NNS 21781 62 6 , , , 21781 62 7 render render VB 21781 62 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 62 9 advisable advisable JJ 21781 62 10 that that IN 21781 62 11 the the DT 21781 62 12 elementary elementary JJ 21781 62 13 facts fact NNS 21781 62 14 of of IN 21781 62 15 morphology morphology NN 21781 62 16 and and CC 21781 62 17 physiology physiology NN 21781 62 18 should should MD 21781 62 19 be be VB 21781 62 20 presented present VBN 21781 62 21 to to IN 21781 62 22 the the DT 21781 62 23 beginner beginner NN 21781 62 24 side side NN 21781 62 25 by by IN 21781 62 26 side-- side-- NNP 21781 62 27 a a DT 21781 62 28 principle principle NN 21781 62 29 too too RB 21781 62 30 frequently frequently RB 21781 62 31 neglected neglect VBN 21781 62 32 in in IN 21781 62 33 books book NNS 21781 62 34 which which WDT 21781 62 35 , , , 21781 62 36 like like IN 21781 62 37 this this DT 21781 62 38 one one NN 21781 62 39 , , , 21781 62 40 are be VBP 21781 62 41 specially specially RB 21781 62 42 written write VBN 21781 62 43 for for IN 21781 62 44 the the DT 21781 62 45 biological biological JJ 21781 62 46 neophyte neophyte NN 21781 62 47 . . . 21781 63 1 Although although IN 21781 63 2 the the DT 21781 63 3 student student NN 21781 63 4 is be VBZ 21781 63 5 the the DT 21781 63 6 wiser wise JJR 21781 63 7 for for IN 21781 63 8 the the DT 21781 63 9 actual actual JJ 21781 63 10 observation observation NN 21781 63 11 of of IN 21781 63 12 the the DT 21781 63 13 fact fact NN 21781 63 14 of of IN 21781 63 15 nature nature NN 21781 63 16 , , , 21781 63 17 he -PRON- PRP 21781 63 18 becomes become VBZ 21781 63 19 the the DT 21781 63 20 better well JJR 21781 63 21 only only RB 21781 63 22 when when WRB 21781 63 23 able able JJ 21781 63 24 to to TO 21781 63 25 apply apply VB 21781 63 26 them -PRON- PRP 21781 63 27 , , , 21781 63 28 as as IN 21781 63 29 for for IN 21781 63 30 example example NN 21781 63 31 , , , 21781 63 32 by by IN 21781 63 33 the the DT 21781 63 34 judicious judicious JJ 21781 63 35 construction construction NN 21781 63 36 of of IN 21781 63 37 elementary elementary JJ 21781 63 38 generalizations generalization NNS 21781 63 39 , , , 21781 63 40 such such JJ 21781 63 41 as as IN 21781 63 42 are be VBP 21781 63 43 introduced introduce VBN 21781 63 44 into into IN 21781 63 45 the the DT 21781 63 46 pages page NNS 21781 63 47 of of IN 21781 63 48 this this DT 21781 63 49 work work NN 21781 63 50 . . . 21781 64 1 So so RB 21781 64 2 long long RB 21781 64 3 as as IN 21781 64 4 these these DT 21781 64 5 generalizations generalization NNS 21781 64 6 , , , 21781 64 7 regarded regard VBD 21781 64 8 as as IN 21781 64 9 first first JJ 21781 64 10 attempts attempt NNS 21781 64 11 to to TO 21781 64 12 deduce deduce VB 21781 64 13 " " `` 21781 64 14 laws law NNS 21781 64 15 " " '' 21781 64 16 in in IN 21781 64 17 the the DT 21781 64 18 form form NN 21781 64 19 of of IN 21781 64 20 " " `` 21781 64 21 generalized generalize VBN 21781 64 22 statement statement NN 21781 64 23 of of IN 21781 64 24 facts fact NNS 21781 64 25 based base VBN 21781 64 26 observation observation NN 21781 64 27 , , , 21781 64 28 " " `` 21781 64 29 are be VBP 21781 64 30 properly properly RB 21781 64 31 introduced introduce VBN 21781 64 32 into into IN 21781 64 33 an an DT 21781 64 34 elementary elementary JJ 21781 64 35 text text NN 21781 64 36 - - HYPH 21781 64 37 book book NN 21781 64 38 , , , 21781 64 39 intended intend VBN 21781 64 40 for for IN 21781 64 41 the the DT 21781 64 42 isolated isolated JJ 21781 64 43 worker worker NN 21781 64 44 cut cut VBD 21781 64 45 off off RP 21781 64 46 from from IN 21781 64 47 the the DT 21781 64 48 lecture lecture NN 21781 64 49 room room NN 21781 64 50 , , , 21781 64 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 64 52 intercalation intercalation NN 21781 64 53 is be VBZ 21781 64 54 both both CC 21781 64 55 healthy healthy JJ 21781 64 56 and and CC 21781 64 57 desirable desirable JJ 21781 64 58 . . . 21781 65 1 Mr. Mr. NNP 21781 65 2 Wells Wells NNP 21781 65 3 has have VBZ 21781 65 4 kept keep VBN 21781 65 5 these these DT 21781 65 6 precepts precept NNS 21781 65 7 constantly constantly RB 21781 65 8 in in IN 21781 65 9 mind mind NN 21781 65 10 in in IN 21781 65 11 the the DT 21781 65 12 preparation preparation NN 21781 65 13 of of IN 21781 65 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 65 15 work work NN 21781 65 16 , , , 21781 65 17 and and CC 21781 65 18 in in IN 21781 65 19 the the DT 21781 65 20 formulation formulation NN 21781 65 21 of of IN 21781 65 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 65 23 plans plan NNS 21781 65 24 for for IN 21781 65 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 65 26 future future JJ 21781 65 27 extension extension NN 21781 65 28 , , , 21781 65 29 thereby thereby RB 21781 65 30 enhancing enhance VBG 21781 65 31 the the DT 21781 65 32 value value NN 21781 65 33 of of IN 21781 65 34 the the DT 21781 65 35 book book NN 21781 65 36 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 65 37 , , , 21781 65 38 and and CC 21781 65 39 at at IN 21781 65 40 the the DT 21781 65 41 same same JJ 21781 65 42 time time NN 21781 65 43 , , , 21781 65 44 discouraging discourage VBG 21781 65 45 the the DT 21781 65 46 system system NN 21781 65 47 of of IN 21781 65 48 pure pure JJ 21781 65 49 cram cram NN 21781 65 50 , , , 21781 65 51 which which WDT 21781 65 52 is be VBZ 21781 65 53 alien alien JJ 21781 65 54 to to IN 21781 65 55 the the DT 21781 65 56 discipline discipline NN 21781 65 57 of of IN 21781 65 58 biological biological JJ 21781 65 59 science science NN 21781 65 60 . . . 21781 66 1 G. G. NNP 21781 66 2 B. B. NNP 21781 66 3 Howes Howes NNP 21781 66 4 Royal Royal NNP 21781 66 5 College College NNP 21781 66 6 of of IN 21781 66 7 Science Science NNP 21781 66 8 , , , 21781 66 9 South South NNP 21781 66 10 Kensington Kensington NNP 21781 66 11 ; ; : 21781 66 12 November November NNP 21781 66 13 30 30 CD 21781 66 14 , , , 21781 66 15 1892 1892 CD 21781 66 16 . . . 21781 67 1 -Preface -Preface : 21781 67 2 _ _ NNP 21781 67 3 No no DT 21781 67 4 method method NN 21781 67 5 of of IN 21781 67 6 studying-- studying-- NN 21781 67 7 more more RBR 21781 67 8 especially especially RB 21781 67 9 when when WRB 21781 67 10 the the DT 21781 67 11 objects object NNS 21781 67 12 of of IN 21781 67 13 study study NN 21781 67 14 are be VBP 21781 67 15 tangible tangible JJ 21781 67 16 things-- things-- NNP 21781 67 17 can can MD 21781 67 18 rival rival VB 21781 67 19 that that WDT 21781 67 20 prosecuted prosecute VBN 21781 67 21 under under IN 21781 67 22 the the DT 21781 67 23 direction direction NN 21781 67 24 and and CC 21781 67 25 in in IN 21781 67 26 the the DT 21781 67 27 constant constant JJ 21781 67 28 presence presence NN 21781 67 29 of of IN 21781 67 30 a a DT 21781 67 31 teacher teacher NN 21781 67 32 who who WP 21781 67 33 has have VBZ 21781 67 34 also also RB 21781 67 35 a a DT 21781 67 36 living living JJ 21781 67 37 and and CC 21781 67 38 vivid vivid JJ 21781 67 39 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 67 40 of of IN 21781 67 41 the the DT 21781 67 42 matter matter NN 21781 67 43 which which WDT 21781 67 44 he -PRON- PRP 21781 67 45 handles handle VBZ 21781 67 46 with with IN 21781 67 47 the the DT 21781 67 48 student student NN 21781 67 49 . . . 21781 68 1 In in IN 21781 68 2 the the DT 21781 68 3 ideal ideal JJ 21781 68 4 world world NN 21781 68 5 there there EX 21781 68 6 is be VBZ 21781 68 7 a a DT 21781 68 8 plentiful plentiful JJ 21781 68 9 supply supply NN 21781 68 10 of of IN 21781 68 11 such such JJ 21781 68 12 teachers teacher NNS 21781 68 13 , , , 21781 68 14 and and CC 21781 68 15 easy easy JJ 21781 68 16 access access NN 21781 68 17 to to IN 21781 68 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 68 19 teaching teaching NN 21781 68 20 , , , 21781 68 21 but but CC 21781 68 22 in in IN 21781 68 23 this this DT 21781 68 24 real real JJ 21781 68 25 world world NN 21781 68 26 only only RB 21781 68 27 a a DT 21781 68 28 favoured favour VBN 21781 68 29 few few JJ 21781 68 30 enjoy enjoy VBP 21781 68 31 these these DT 21781 68 32 advantages advantage NNS 21781 68 33 . . . 21781 69 1 Through through IN 21781 69 2 causes cause NNS 21781 69 3 that that WDT 21781 69 4 can can MD 21781 69 5 not not RB 21781 69 6 be be VB 21781 69 7 discussed discuss VBN 21781 69 8 here here RB 21781 69 9 , , , 21781 69 10 a a DT 21781 69 11 vast vast JJ 21781 69 12 number number NN 21781 69 13 of of IN 21781 69 14 solitary solitary JJ 21781 69 15 workers worker NNS 21781 69 16 are be VBP 21781 69 17 scattered scatter VBN 21781 69 18 through through IN 21781 69 19 the the DT 21781 69 20 country country NN 21781 69 21 , , , 21781 69 22 to to IN 21781 69 23 whom whom WP 21781 69 24 sustained sustain VBD 21781 69 25 help help NN 21781 69 26 in in IN 21781 69 27 this this DT 21781 69 28 form form NN 21781 69 29 is be VBZ 21781 69 30 impossible impossible JJ 21781 69 31 , , , 21781 69 32 or or CC 21781 69 33 possible possible JJ 21781 69 34 only only RB 21781 69 35 in in IN 21781 69 36 days day NNS 21781 69 37 stolen steal VBN 21781 69 38 from from IN 21781 69 39 a a DT 21781 69 40 needed need VBN 21781 69 41 vacation vacation NN 21781 69 42 ; ; : 21781 69 43 and and CC 21781 69 44 to to IN 21781 69 45 such such JJ 21781 69 46 students student NNS 21781 69 47 especially especially RB 21781 69 48 does do VBZ 21781 69 49 this this DT 21781 69 50 book book NN 21781 69 51 appeal appeal NN 21781 69 52 , , , 21781 69 53 as as RB 21781 69 54 well well RB 21781 69 55 as as IN 21781 69 56 to to IN 21781 69 57 those those DT 21781 69 58 more more RBR 21781 69 59 fortunate fortunate JJ 21781 69 60 learners learner NNS 21781 69 61 who who WP 21781 69 62 are be VBP 21781 69 63 within within IN 21781 69 64 reach reach NN 21781 69 65 of of IN 21781 69 66 orderly orderly JJ 21781 69 67 instruction instruction NN 21781 69 68 , , , 21781 69 69 but but CC 21781 69 70 anxious anxious JJ 21781 69 71 to to TO 21781 69 72 save save VB 21781 69 73 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 69 74 teachers teacher NNS 21781 69 75 ' ' POS 21781 69 76 patience patience NN 21781 69 77 and and CC 21781 69 78 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 69 79 own own JJ 21781 69 80 time time NN 21781 69 81 by by IN 21781 69 82 some some DT 21781 69 83 preliminary preliminary JJ 21781 69 84 work work NN 21781 69 85 . . . 21781 70 1 One one CD 21781 70 2 of of IN 21781 70 3 the the DT 21781 70 4 most most RBS 21781 70 5 manifest manif JJS 21781 70 6 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 21781 70 7 of of IN 21781 70 8 book book NN 21781 70 9 - - HYPH 21781 70 10 work work NN 21781 70 11 , , , 21781 70 12 under under IN 21781 70 13 the the DT 21781 70 14 conditions condition NNS 21781 70 15 of of IN 21781 70 16 the the DT 21781 70 17 solitary solitary JJ 21781 70 18 worker worker NN 21781 70 19 , , , 21781 70 20 is be VBZ 21781 70 21 the the DT 21781 70 22 rigidity rigidity NN 21781 70 23 of of IN 21781 70 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 70 25 expressions expression NNS 21781 70 26 ; ; : 21781 70 27 if if IN 21781 70 28 the the DT 21781 70 29 exact exact JJ 21781 70 30 meaning meaning NN 21781 70 31 is be VBZ 21781 70 32 doubtful doubtful JJ 21781 70 33 , , , 21781 70 34 he -PRON- PRP 21781 70 35 can can MD 21781 70 36 not not RB 21781 70 37 ask ask VB 21781 70 38 a a DT 21781 70 39 question question NN 21781 70 40 . . . 21781 71 1 This this DT 21781 71 2 has have VBZ 21781 71 3 been be VBN 21781 71 4 kept keep VBN 21781 71 5 in in IN 21781 71 6 view view NN 21781 71 7 throughout throughout IN 21781 71 8 ; ; : 21781 71 9 the the DT 21781 71 10 writer writer NN 21781 71 11 has have VBZ 21781 71 12 , , , 21781 71 13 above above IN 21781 71 14 all all DT 21781 71 15 , , , 21781 71 16 sought seek VBN 21781 71 17 to to TO 21781 71 18 be be VB 21781 71 19 explicit-- explicit-- NN 21781 71 20 has have VBZ 21781 71 21 , , , 21781 71 22 saving save VBG 21781 71 23 over over RP 21781 71 24 - - HYPH 21781 71 25 sights sight NNS 21781 71 26 , , , 21781 71 27 used use VBD 21781 71 28 no no DT 21781 71 29 uncommon uncommon JJ 21781 71 30 or or CC 21781 71 31 technical technical JJ 21781 71 32 term term NN 21781 71 33 without without IN 21781 71 34 a a DT 21781 71 35 definition definition NN 21781 71 36 or or CC 21781 71 37 a a DT 21781 71 38 clear clear JJ 21781 71 39 indication indication NN 21781 71 40 of of IN 21781 71 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 71 42 meaning meaning NN 21781 71 43 . . . 21781 72 1 In in IN 21781 72 2 this this DT 21781 72 3 study study NN 21781 72 4 of of IN 21781 72 5 Biology Biology NNP 21781 72 6 , , , 21781 72 7 the the DT 21781 72 8 perception perception NN 21781 72 9 and and CC 21781 72 10 memory memory NN 21781 72 11 of of IN 21781 72 12 form form NN 21781 72 13 is be VBZ 21781 72 14 a a DT 21781 72 15 very very RB 21781 72 16 important important JJ 21781 72 17 factor factor NN 21781 72 18 indeed indeed RB 21781 72 19 . . . 21781 73 1 Every every DT 21781 73 2 student student NN 21781 73 3 should should MD 21781 73 4 draw draw VB 21781 73 5 sketches sketch NNS 21781 73 6 of of IN 21781 73 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 73 8 dissections dissection NNS 21781 73 9 , , , 21781 73 10 and and CC 21781 73 11 accustom accustom VB 21781 73 12 himself -PRON- PRP 21781 73 13 to to IN 21781 73 14 copying copy VBG 21781 73 15 book book NN 21781 73 16 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 73 17 , , , 21781 73 18 in in IN 21781 73 19 order order NN 21781 73 20 to to TO 21781 73 21 train train VB 21781 73 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 73 23 eye eye NN 21781 73 24 to to IN 21781 73 25 perception perception NN 21781 73 26 of of IN 21781 73 27 details detail NNS 21781 73 28 he -PRON- PRP 21781 73 29 might may MD 21781 73 30 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 73 31 disregard disregard VB 21781 73 32 . . . 21781 74 1 The the DT 21781 74 2 drawing drawing NN 21781 74 3 required require VBN 21781 74 4 is be VBZ 21781 74 5 within within IN 21781 74 6 the the DT 21781 74 7 reach reach NN 21781 74 8 of of IN 21781 74 9 all all DT 21781 74 10 ; ; : 21781 74 11 but but CC 21781 74 12 for for IN 21781 74 13 those those DT 21781 74 14 who who WP 21781 74 15 are be VBP 21781 74 16 very very RB 21781 74 17 inexperienced inexperienced JJ 21781 74 18 , , , 21781 74 19 tracing trace VBG 21781 74 20 figures figure NNS 21781 74 21 is be VBZ 21781 74 22 a a DT 21781 74 23 useful useful JJ 21781 74 24 preliminary preliminary JJ 21781 74 25 exercise exercise NN 21781 74 26 . . . 21781 75 1 By by IN 21781 75 2 the the DT 21781 75 3 time time NN 21781 75 4 the the DT 21781 75 5 student student NN 21781 75 6 has have VBZ 21781 75 7 read read VBN 21781 75 8 the the DT 21781 75 9 " " `` 21781 75 10 Circulation Circulation NNP 21781 75 11 of of IN 21781 75 12 the the DT 21781 75 13 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 75 14 " " '' 21781 75 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 75 16 Sections section NNS 21781 75 17 34 34 CD 21781 75 18 to to TO 21781 75 19 49 49 CD 21781 75 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 75 21 , , , 21781 75 22 he -PRON- PRP 21781 75 23 will will MD 21781 75 24 be be VB 21781 75 25 ready ready JJ 21781 75 26 to to TO 21781 75 27 begin begin VB 21781 75 28 dissection dissection NN 21781 75 29 . . . 21781 76 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 76 2 is be VBZ 21781 76 3 possible possible JJ 21781 76 4 to to TO 21781 76 5 hunt hunt VB 21781 76 6 to to IN 21781 76 7 death death NN 21781 76 8 even even RB 21781 76 9 such such PDT 21781 76 10 a a DT 21781 76 11 sound sound JJ 21781 76 12 educational educational JJ 21781 76 13 maxim maxim NN 21781 76 14 as as IN 21781 76 15 the the DT 21781 76 16 " " `` 21781 76 17 thing thing NN 21781 76 18 before before IN 21781 76 19 the the DT 21781 76 20 name name NN 21781 76 21 , , , 21781 76 22 " " `` 21781 76 23 and and CC 21781 76 24 we -PRON- PRP 21781 76 25 are be VBP 21781 76 26 persuaded persuade VBN 21781 76 27 , , , 21781 76 28 by by IN 21781 76 29 a a DT 21781 76 30 considerable considerable JJ 21781 76 31 experience experience NN 21781 76 32 , , , 21781 76 33 that that DT 21781 76 34 dissection dissection NN 21781 76 35 before before IN 21781 76 36 some some DT 21781 76 37 such such JJ 21781 76 38 preparatory preparatory JJ 21781 76 39 reading reading NN 21781 76 40 is be VBZ 21781 76 41 altogether altogether RB 21781 76 42 a a DT 21781 76 43 mistake mistake NN 21781 76 44 . . . 21781 77 1 At at IN 21781 77 2 the the DT 21781 77 3 end end NN 21781 77 4 of of IN 21781 77 5 the the DT 21781 77 6 book book NN 21781 77 7 is be VBZ 21781 77 8 a a DT 21781 77 9 syllabus syllabus NN 21781 77 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 77 11 with with IN 21781 77 12 suggestions suggestion NNS 21781 77 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 77 14 for for IN 21781 77 15 practical practical JJ 21781 77 16 work work NN 21781 77 17 , , , 21781 77 18 originally originally RB 21781 77 19 drawn draw VBN 21781 77 20 up up RP 21781 77 21 by by IN 21781 77 22 the the DT 21781 77 23 writer writer NN 21781 77 24 for for IN 21781 77 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 77 26 own own JJ 21781 77 27 private private JJ 21781 77 28 use use NN 21781 77 29 with with IN 21781 77 30 the the DT 21781 77 31 evening evening NN 21781 77 32 classes class NNS 21781 77 33 of of IN 21781 77 34 the the DT 21781 77 35 University University NNP 21781 77 36 Tutorial Tutorial NNP 21781 77 37 College-- College-- NNP 21781 77 38 classes class NNS 21781 77 39 of of IN 21781 77 40 students student NNS 21781 77 41 working work VBG 21781 77 42 mainly mainly RB 21781 77 43 in in IN 21781 77 44 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 77 45 spare spare JJ 21781 77 46 time time NN 21781 77 47 for for IN 21781 77 48 the the DT 21781 77 49 London London NNP 21781 77 50 examination examination NN 21781 77 51 , , , 21781 77 52 and and CC 21781 77 53 at at IN 21781 77 54 an an DT 21781 77 55 enormous enormous JJ 21781 77 56 disadvantage disadvantage NN 21781 77 57 , , , 21781 77 58 as as IN 21781 77 59 regards regard VBZ 21781 77 60 the the DT 21781 77 61 number number NN 21781 77 62 of of IN 21781 77 63 hours hour NNS 21781 77 64 available available JJ 21781 77 65 , , , 21781 77 66 in in IN 21781 77 67 comparison comparison NN 21781 77 68 with with IN 21781 77 69 the the DT 21781 77 70 leisurely leisurely JJ 21781 77 71 students student NNS 21781 77 72 of of IN 21781 77 73 a a DT 21781 77 74 University University NNP 21781 77 75 laboratory laboratory NN 21781 77 76 . . . 21781 78 1 This this DT 21781 78 2 syllabus syllabus NN 21781 78 3 may may MD 21781 78 4 , , , 21781 78 5 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 78 6 by by IN 21781 78 7 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 78 8 , , , 21781 78 9 serve serve VB 21781 78 10 a a DT 21781 78 11 useful useful JJ 21781 78 12 purpose purpose NN 21781 78 13 in in IN 21781 78 14 some some DT 21781 78 15 cases case NNS 21781 78 16 , , , 21781 78 17 but but CC 21781 78 18 in in IN 21781 78 19 this this DT 21781 78 20 essential essential JJ 21781 78 21 part part NN 21781 78 22 of of IN 21781 78 23 the the DT 21781 78 24 study study NN 21781 78 25 the the DT 21781 78 26 presence presence NN 21781 78 27 of of IN 21781 78 28 some some DT 21781 78 29 experienced experienced JJ 21781 78 30 overlooker overlooker NN 21781 78 31 to to TO 21781 78 32 advise advise VB 21781 78 33 , , , 21781 78 34 warn warn VB 21781 78 35 , , , 21781 78 36 and and CC 21781 78 37 correct correct JJ 21781 78 38 , , , 21781 78 39 is be VBZ 21781 78 40 at at IN 21781 78 41 first first RB 21781 78 42 almost almost RB 21781 78 43 indispensable indispensable JJ 21781 78 44 . . . 21781 79 1 A a DT 21781 79 2 few few JJ 21781 79 3 words word NNS 21781 79 4 may may MD 21781 79 5 , , , 21781 79 6 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 79 7 be be VB 21781 79 8 said say VBN 21781 79 9 with with IN 21781 79 10 respect respect NN 21781 79 11 to to IN 21781 79 12 the the DT 21781 79 13 design design NN 21781 79 14 of of IN 21781 79 15 this this DT 21781 79 16 volume volume NN 21781 79 17 . . . 21781 80 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 80 2 is be VBZ 21781 80 3 manifestly manifestly RB 21781 80 4 modelled model VBN 21781 80 5 upon upon IN 21781 80 6 the the DT 21781 80 7 syllabus syllabus NN 21781 80 8 of of IN 21781 80 9 the the DT 21781 80 10 Intermediate Intermediate NNP 21781 80 11 Examination Examination NNP 21781 80 12 in in IN 21781 80 13 Science Science NNP 21781 80 14 of of IN 21781 80 15 London London NNP 21781 80 16 University University NNP 21781 80 17 . . . 21781 81 1 That that DT 21781 81 2 syllabus syllabus NN 21781 81 3 , , , 21781 81 4 as as IN 21781 81 5 at at IN 21781 81 6 present present JJ 21781 81 7 constituted constituted JJ 21781 81 8 , , , 21781 81 9 appears appear VBZ 21781 81 10 to to IN 21781 81 11 me -PRON- PRP 21781 81 12 to to TO 21781 81 13 afford afford VB 21781 81 14 considerable considerable JJ 21781 81 15 scope scope NN 21781 81 16 for for IN 21781 81 17 fairly fairly RB 21781 81 18 efficient efficient JJ 21781 81 19 biological biological JJ 21781 81 20 study study NN 21781 81 21 . . . 21781 82 1 The the DT 21781 82 2 four four CD 21781 82 3 types type NNS 21781 82 4 dealt deal VBD 21781 82 5 with with IN 21781 82 6 in in IN 21781 82 7 this this DT 21781 82 8 book book NN 21781 82 9 are be VBP 21781 82 10 extremely extremely RB 21781 82 11 convenient convenient JJ 21781 82 12 for for IN 21781 82 13 developing develop VBG 21781 82 14 the the DT 21781 82 15 methods method NNS 21781 82 16 of of IN 21781 82 17 comparative comparative JJ 21781 82 18 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 82 19 and and CC 21781 82 20 morphological morphological JJ 21781 82 21 embryology embryology NN 21781 82 22 . . . 21781 83 1 Without without IN 21781 83 2 any any DT 21781 83 3 extensive extensive JJ 21781 83 4 reference reference NN 21781 83 5 to to IN 21781 83 6 related related JJ 21781 83 7 organisms organism NNS 21781 83 8 , , , 21781 83 9 these these DT 21781 83 10 four four CD 21781 83 11 forms form NNS 21781 83 12 , , , 21781 83 13 and and CC 21781 83 14 especially especially RB 21781 83 15 the the DT 21781 83 16 three three CD 21781 83 17 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 83 18 , , , 21781 83 19 may may MD 21781 83 20 be be VB 21781 83 21 made make VBN 21781 83 22 to to TO 21781 83 23 explain explain VB 21781 83 24 and and CC 21781 83 25 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 83 26 one one CD 21781 83 27 another another DT 21781 83 28 in in IN 21781 83 29 a a DT 21781 83 30 way way NN 21781 83 31 that that WDT 21781 83 32 can can MD 21781 83 33 not not RB 21781 83 34 fail fail VB 21781 83 35 to to TO 21781 83 36 be be VB 21781 83 37 educational educational JJ 21781 83 38 in in IN 21781 83 39 the the DT 21781 83 40 truest true JJS 21781 83 41 sense sense NN 21781 83 42 . . . 21781 84 1 After after IN 21781 84 2 dealing deal VBG 21781 84 3 with with IN 21781 84 4 the the DT 21781 84 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 84 6 , , , 21781 84 7 therefore therefore RB 21781 84 8 , , , 21781 84 9 as as IN 21781 84 10 an an DT 21781 84 11 organic organic JJ 21781 84 12 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 84 13 , , , 21781 84 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 84 15 sections section NNS 21781 84 16 upon upon IN 21781 84 17 the the DT 21781 84 18 frog frog NN 21781 84 19 and and CC 21781 84 20 dog dog NN 21781 84 21 - - HYPH 21781 84 22 fish fish NN 21781 84 23 , , , 21781 84 24 and and CC 21781 84 25 upon upon IN 21781 84 26 development development NN 21781 84 27 , , , 21781 84 28 are be VBP 21781 84 29 simply simply RB 21781 84 30 statements statement NNS 21781 84 31 of of IN 21781 84 32 differences difference NNS 21781 84 33 , , , 21781 84 34 and and CC 21781 84 35 a a DT 21781 84 36 commentary commentary NN 21781 84 37 , , , 21781 84 38 as as IN 21781 84 39 it -PRON- PRP 21781 84 40 were be VBD 21781 84 41 , , , 21781 84 42 upon upon IN 21781 84 43 the the DT 21781 84 44 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 84 45 of of IN 21781 84 46 the the DT 21781 84 47 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 84 48 type type NN 21781 84 49 . . . 21781 85 1 In in IN 21781 85 2 the the DT 21781 85 3 concluding concluding NN 21781 85 4 chapter chapter NN 21781 85 5 , , , 21781 85 6 a a DT 21781 85 7 few few JJ 21781 85 8 suggestions suggestion NNS 21781 85 9 of of IN 21781 85 10 the the DT 21781 85 11 most most RBS 21781 85 12 elementary elementary JJ 21781 85 13 ideas idea NNS 21781 85 14 of of IN 21781 85 15 it -PRON- PRP 21781 85 16 is be VBZ 21781 85 17 hoped hope VBN 21781 85 18 to to TO 21781 85 19 make make VB 21781 85 20 this this DT 21781 85 21 first first JJ 21781 85 22 part part NN 21781 85 23 of of IN 21781 85 24 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 85 25 biological biological JJ 21781 85 26 course course NN 21781 85 27 complete complete JJ 21781 85 28 in in IN 21781 85 29 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 85 30 , , , 21781 85 31 and and CC 21781 85 32 of of IN 21781 85 33 some some DT 21781 85 34 real real JJ 21781 85 35 and and CC 21781 85 36 permanent permanent JJ 21781 85 37 value value NN 21781 85 38 to to IN 21781 85 39 the the DT 21781 85 40 student student NN 21781 85 41 . . . 21781 86 1 And and CC 21781 86 2 the the DT 21781 86 3 writer writer NN 21781 86 4 is be VBZ 21781 86 5 convinced convince VBN 21781 86 6 that that IN 21781 86 7 not not RB 21781 86 8 only only RB 21781 86 9 is be VBZ 21781 86 10 a a DT 21781 86 11 constant constant JJ 21781 86 12 insistence insistence NN 21781 86 13 upon upon IN 21781 86 14 resemblances resemblance NNS 21781 86 15 and and CC 21781 86 16 differences difference NNS 21781 86 17 , , , 21781 86 18 and and CC 21781 86 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 86 20 import import NN 21781 86 21 , , , 21781 86 22 intellectually intellectually RB 21781 86 23 the the DT 21781 86 24 most most RBS 21781 86 25 valuable valuable JJ 21781 86 26 , , , 21781 86 27 but but CC 21781 86 28 also also RB 21781 86 29 the the DT 21781 86 30 most most RBS 21781 86 31 interesting interesting JJ 21781 86 32 , , , 21781 86 33 and and CC 21781 86 34 therefore therefore RB 21781 86 35 the the DT 21781 86 36 easiest easy JJS 21781 86 37 , , , 21781 86 38 way way NN 21781 86 39 of of IN 21781 86 40 studying study VBG 21781 86 41 animal animal NN 21781 86 42 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 86 43 . . . 21781 87 1 That that DT 21781 87 2 chaotic chaotic JJ 21781 87 3 and and CC 21781 87 4 breathless breathless NN 21781 87 5 cramming cramming NN 21781 87 6 of of IN 21781 87 7 terms term NNS 21781 87 8 misunderstood misunderstood NN 21781 87 9 , , , 21781 87 10 tabulated tabulate VBN 21781 87 11 statements statement NNS 21781 87 12 , , , 21781 87 13 formulated formulate VBN 21781 87 14 " " `` 21781 87 15 tips tip NNS 21781 87 16 , , , 21781 87 17 " " '' 21781 87 18 and and CC 21781 87 19 lists list NNS 21781 87 20 of of IN 21781 87 21 names name NNS 21781 87 22 , , , 21781 87 23 in in IN 21781 87 24 which which WDT 21781 87 25 so so RB 21781 87 26 many many JJ 21781 87 27 students student NNS 21781 87 28 , , , 21781 87 29 in in IN 21781 87 30 spite spite NN 21781 87 31 of of IN 21781 87 32 advice advice NN 21781 87 33 , , , 21781 87 34 waste waste VB 21781 87 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 87 36 youth youth NN 21781 87 37 is be VBZ 21781 87 38 , , , 21781 87 39 I -PRON- PRP 21781 87 40 sincerely sincerely RB 21781 87 41 hope hope VBP 21781 87 42 , , , 21781 87 43 as as IN 21781 87 44 impossible impossible JJ 21781 87 45 with with IN 21781 87 46 this this DT 21781 87 47 book book NN 21781 87 48 as as IN 21781 87 49 it -PRON- PRP 21781 87 50 is be VBZ 21781 87 51 useless useless JJ 21781 87 52 for for IN 21781 87 53 the the DT 21781 87 54 purposes purpose NNS 21781 87 55 of of IN 21781 87 56 a a DT 21781 87 57 London London NNP 21781 87 58 candidate candidate NN 21781 87 59 . . . 21781 88 1 On on IN 21781 88 2 the the DT 21781 88 3 other other JJ 21781 88 4 hand hand NN 21781 88 5 , , , 21781 88 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 88 7 chief chief JJ 21781 88 8 endeavour endeavour NN 21781 88 9 has have VBZ 21781 88 10 been be VBN 21781 88 11 to to TO 21781 88 12 render render VB 21781 88 13 the the DT 21781 88 14 matter matter NN 21781 88 15 of of IN 21781 88 16 the the DT 21781 88 17 book book NN 21781 88 18 clear clear JJ 21781 88 19 , , , 21781 88 20 connected connected JJ 21781 88 21 , , , 21781 88 22 progressive progressive JJ 21781 88 23 , , , 21781 88 24 and and CC 21781 88 25 easily easily RB 21781 88 26 assimilable assimilable JJ 21781 88 27 . . . 21781 89 1 In in IN 21781 89 2 the the DT 21781 89 3 second second JJ 21781 89 4 part part NN 21781 89 5 Plants plant NNS 21781 89 6 , , , 21781 89 7 Unicellular Unicellular NNP 21781 89 8 Organisms Organisms NNPS 21781 89 9 , , , 21781 89 10 and and CC 21781 89 11 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 21781 89 12 will will MD 21781 89 13 be be VB 21781 89 14 dealt deal VBN 21781 89 15 with with IN 21781 89 16 , , , 21781 89 17 in in IN 21781 89 18 a a DT 21781 89 19 wider wide JJR 21781 89 20 and and CC 21781 89 21 less less RBR 21781 89 22 detailed detailed JJ 21781 89 23 view view NN 21781 89 24 of of IN 21781 89 25 the the DT 21781 89 26 entire entire JJ 21781 89 27 biological biological JJ 21781 89 28 province province NN 21781 89 29 . . . 21781 90 1 { { -LRB- 21781 90 2 Lines line NNS 21781 90 3 from from IN 21781 90 4 First First NNP 21781 90 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 90 6 only only RB 21781 90 7 . . . 21781 90 8 } } -RRB- 21781 91 1 -In -In : 21781 91 2 this this DT 21781 91 3 volume volume NN 21781 91 4 , , , 21781 91 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 91 6 study study VBP 21781 91 7 four four CD 21781 91 8 organisms organism NNS 21781 91 9 , , , 21781 91 10 and and CC 21781 91 11 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 91 12 in in IN 21781 91 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 91 14 relation relation NN 21781 91 15 to to IN 21781 91 16 each each DT 21781 91 17 other other JJ 21781 91 18 ; ; : 21781 91 19 in in IN 21781 91 20 the the DT 21781 91 21 next next JJ 21781 91 22 , , , 21781 91 23 we -PRON- PRP 21781 91 24 shall shall MD 21781 91 25 study study VB 21781 91 26 a a DT 21781 91 27 number number NN 21781 91 28 of of IN 21781 91 29 organisms organism NNS 21781 91 30 largely largely RB 21781 91 31 in in IN 21781 91 32 relation relation NN 21781 91 33 to to IN 21781 91 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 91 35 environment environment NN 21781 91 36 . . . 21781 92 1 In in IN 21781 92 2 this this DT 21781 92 3 part part NN 21781 92 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 92 5 key key JJ 21781 92 6 note note NN 21781 92 7 is be VBZ 21781 92 8 the the DT 21781 92 9 evidence evidence NN 21781 92 10 of of IN 21781 92 11 inheritance inheritance NN 21781 92 12 ; ; : 21781 92 13 in in IN 21781 92 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 92 15 second second JJ 21781 92 16 part part NN 21781 92 17 it -PRON- PRP 21781 92 18 will will MD 21781 92 19 be be VB 21781 92 20 of of IN 21781 92 21 adaptation adaptation NN 21781 92 22 to to IN 21781 92 23 circumstances.- circumstances.- NNP 21781 92 24 This this DT 21781 92 25 book book NN 21781 92 26 will will MD 21781 92 27 speedily speedily RB 21781 92 28 , , , 21781 92 29 under under IN 21781 92 30 the the DT 21781 92 31 scrutiny scrutiny NN 21781 92 32 of of IN 21781 92 33 the the DT 21781 92 34 critical critical JJ 21781 92 35 reader reader NN 21781 92 36 , , , 21781 92 37 reveal reveal VB 21781 92 38 abundant abundant JJ 21781 92 39 weakness weakness NN 21781 92 40 . . . 21781 93 1 For for IN 21781 93 2 these these DT 21781 93 3 the the DT 21781 93 4 author author NN 21781 93 5 claims claim VBZ 21781 93 6 the the DT 21781 93 7 full full JJ 21781 93 8 credit credit NN 21781 93 9 . . . 21781 94 1 For for IN 21781 94 2 whatever whatever WDT 21781 94 3 merit merit NN 21781 94 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 94 5 may may MD 21781 94 6 posses posse VBZ 21781 94 7 , , , 21781 94 8 he -PRON- PRP 21781 94 9 must must MD 21781 94 10 however however RB 21781 94 11 , , , 21781 94 12 acknowledge acknowledge VB 21781 94 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 94 14 profound profound JJ 21781 94 15 indebtedness indebtedness NN 21781 94 16 to to IN 21781 94 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 94 18 former former JJ 21781 94 19 teacher teacher NN 21781 94 20 , , , 21781 94 21 Professor Professor NNP 21781 94 22 Howes Howes NNP 21781 94 23 . . . 21781 95 1 Not not RB 21781 95 2 only only RB 21781 95 3 has have VBZ 21781 95 4 the the DT 21781 95 5 writer writer NN 21781 95 6 enjoyed enjoy VBN 21781 95 7 in in IN 21781 95 8 the the DT 21781 95 9 past past NN 21781 95 10 the the DT 21781 95 11 privilege privilege NN 21781 95 12 of of IN 21781 95 13 Professor Professor NNP 21781 95 14 Howes Howes NNP 21781 95 15 ' ' POS 21781 95 16 instruction instruction NN 21781 95 17 and and CC 21781 95 18 example example NN 21781 95 19 , , , 21781 95 20 but but CC 21781 95 21 he -PRON- PRP 21781 95 22 has have VBZ 21781 95 23 , , , 21781 95 24 during during IN 21781 95 25 the the DT 21781 95 26 preparation preparation NN 21781 95 27 of of IN 21781 95 28 this this DT 21781 95 29 work work NN 21781 95 30 , , , 21781 95 31 received receive VBD 21781 95 32 the the DT 21781 95 33 readiest readiest NN 21781 95 34 help help NN 21781 95 35 , , , 21781 95 36 advise advise VB 21781 95 37 , , , 21781 95 38 and and CC 21781 95 39 encouragement encouragement NN 21781 95 40 from from IN 21781 95 41 him-- him-- NNP 21781 95 42 assistance assistance NN 21781 95 43 as as RB 21781 95 44 generous generous JJ 21781 95 45 as as IN 21781 95 46 it -PRON- PRP 21781 95 47 was be VBD 21781 95 48 unmerited unmerited JJ 21781 95 49 , , , 21781 95 50 and and CC 21781 95 51 as as RB 21781 95 52 unaffected unaffected JJ 21781 95 53 as as IN 21781 95 54 it -PRON- PRP 21781 95 55 was be VBD 21781 95 56 valuable valuable JJ 21781 95 57 . . . 21781 96 1 { { -LRB- 21781 96 2 Lines line NNS 21781 96 3 from from IN 21781 96 4 Second Second NNP 21781 96 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 96 6 only only RB 21781 96 7 . . . 21781 96 8 } } -RRB- 21781 97 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 97 2 The the DT 21781 97 3 publication publication NN 21781 97 4 of of IN 21781 97 5 a a DT 21781 97 6 second second JJ 21781 97 7 and and CC 21781 97 8 revised revised JJ 21781 97 9 edition edition NN 21781 97 10 of of IN 21781 97 11 this this DT 21781 97 12 Part Part NNP 21781 97 13 affords afford VBZ 21781 97 14 the the DT 21781 97 15 author author NN 21781 97 16 an an DT 21781 97 17 opportunity opportunity NN 21781 97 18 of of IN 21781 97 19 expressing express VBG 21781 97 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 97 21 sense sense NN 21781 97 22 of of IN 21781 97 23 the the DT 21781 97 24 general general JJ 21781 97 25 kindliness kindliness NN 21781 97 26 of of IN 21781 97 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 97 28 reviewers reviewer NNS 21781 97 29 , , , 21781 97 30 and and CC 21781 97 31 the the DT 21781 97 32 help help NN 21781 97 33 they -PRON- PRP 21781 97 34 have have VB 21781 97 35 him -PRON- PRP 21781 97 36 in in IN 21781 97 37 improving improve VBG 21781 97 38 this this DT 21781 97 39 maiden maiden JJ 21781 97 40 effort effort NN 21781 97 41 . . . 21781 98 1 To to IN 21781 98 2 no no DT 21781 98 3 one one NN 21781 98 4 is be VBZ 21781 98 5 there there RB 21781 98 6 vouchsafed vouchsafe VBN 21781 98 7 such such PDT 21781 98 8 a a DT 21781 98 9 facility facility NN 21781 98 10 in in IN 21781 98 11 the the DT 21781 98 12 discovery discovery NN 21781 98 13 of of IN 21781 98 14 errors error NNS 21781 98 15 in in IN 21781 98 16 a a DT 21781 98 17 book book NN 21781 98 18 as as IN 21781 98 19 to to IN 21781 98 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 98 21 author author NN 21781 98 22 , , , 21781 98 23 so so RB 21781 98 24 soon soon RB 21781 98 25 as as IN 21781 98 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 98 27 has have VBZ 21781 98 28 passed pass VBN 21781 98 29 beyond beyond IN 21781 98 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 98 31 power power NN 21781 98 32 of of IN 21781 98 33 correction correction NN 21781 98 34 . . . 21781 99 1 Hence hence RB 21781 99 2 the the DT 21781 99 3 general general JJ 21781 99 4 tone tone NN 21781 99 5 of of IN 21781 99 6 encouragement encouragement NN 21781 99 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 99 8 and and CC 21781 99 9 in in IN 21781 99 10 some some DT 21781 99 11 cases case NNS 21781 99 12 the the DT 21781 99 13 decided decide VBN 21781 99 14 approval approval NN 21781 99 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 99 16 of of IN 21781 99 17 the the DT 21781 99 18 members member NNS 21781 99 19 of of IN 21781 99 20 this this DT 21781 99 21 termination termination NN 21781 99 22 to to IN 21781 99 23 a a DT 21781 99 24 period period NN 21781 99 25 of of IN 21781 99 26 considerable considerable JJ 21781 99 27 remorse remorse NN 21781 99 28 and and CC 21781 99 29 apprehension apprehension NN 21781 99 30 . . . 21781 99 31 ] ] -RRB- 21781 100 1 I -PRON- PRP 21781 100 2 have have VBP 21781 100 3 been be VBN 21781 100 4 able able JJ 21781 100 5 through through IN 21781 100 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 100 7 counsel counsel NN 21781 100 8 , , , 21781 100 9 and and CC 21781 100 10 the the DT 21781 100 11 experience experience NN 21781 100 12 I -PRON- PRP 21781 100 13 have have VBP 21781 100 14 had have VBN 21781 100 15 while while IN 21781 100 16 using use VBG 21781 100 17 this this DT 21781 100 18 book book NN 21781 100 19 in in IN 21781 100 20 teaching teaching NN 21781 100 21 , , , 21781 100 22 to to TO 21781 100 23 correct correct VB 21781 100 24 several several JJ 21781 100 25 printer printer NN 21781 100 26 's 's POS 21781 100 27 errors error NNS 21781 100 28 and and CC 21781 100 29 to to TO 21781 100 30 alter alter VB 21781 100 31 various various JJ 21781 100 32 ambiguous ambiguous JJ 21781 100 33 or or CC 21781 100 34 misleading misleading JJ 21781 100 35 expressions expression NNS 21781 100 36 , , , 21781 100 37 as as RB 21781 100 38 well well RB 21781 100 39 as as IN 21781 100 40 to to TO 21781 100 41 bring bring VB 21781 100 42 the the DT 21781 100 43 book book NN 21781 100 44 up up RP 21781 100 45 to to IN 21781 100 46 date date NN 21781 100 47 again again RB 21781 100 48 in in IN 21781 100 49 one one CD 21781 100 50 or or CC 21781 100 51 two two CD 21781 100 52 particulars particular NNS 21781 100 53 . . . 21781 101 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 21781 101 2 thanks thank NNS 21781 101 3 are be VBP 21781 101 4 particularly particularly RB 21781 101 5 due due JJ 21781 101 6 to to IN 21781 101 7 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 101 8 friend friend NN 21781 101 9 Miss Miss NNP 21781 101 10 Robbins Robbins NNP 21781 101 11 , , , 21781 101 12 who who WP 21781 101 13 has have VBZ 21781 101 14 very very RB 21781 101 15 kindly kindly RB 21781 101 16 redrawn redrawn JJ 21781 101 17 the the DT 21781 101 18 occasionally occasionally RB 21781 101 19 rather rather RB 21781 101 20 blottesque blottesque JJ 21781 101 21 figures figure NNS 21781 101 22 of of IN 21781 101 23 the the DT 21781 101 24 first first JJ 21781 101 25 edition edition NN 21781 101 26 . . . 21781 102 1 Not not RB 21781 102 2 only only RB 21781 102 3 have have VBP 21781 102 4 these these DT 21781 102 5 plates plate NNS 21781 102 6 gained gain VBD 21781 102 7 immensely immensely RB 21781 102 8 in in IN 21781 102 9 grace grace NN 21781 102 10 and and CC 21781 102 11 accuracy accuracy NN 21781 102 12 , , , 21781 102 13 but but CC 21781 102 14 the the DT 21781 102 15 lettering lettering NN 21781 102 16 is be VBZ 21781 102 17 now now RB 21781 102 18 distinct-- distinct-- XX 21781 102 19 an an DT 21781 102 20 improvement improvement NN 21781 102 21 that that IN 21781 102 22 any any DT 21781 102 23 student student NN 21781 102 24 who who WP 21781 102 25 has have VBZ 21781 102 26 had have VBN 21781 102 27 to to TO 21781 102 28 hunt hunt VB 21781 102 29 my -PRON- PRP$ 21781 102 30 reference reference NN 21781 102 31 letters letter NNS 21781 102 32 in in IN 21781 102 33 the the DT 21781 102 34 first first JJ 21781 102 35 edition edition NN 21781 102 36 will will MD 21781 102 37 at at IN 21781 102 38 once once RB 21781 102 39 appreciate appreciate VB 21781 102 40 . . . 21781 103 1 H. H. NNP 21781 103 2 G. G. NNP 21781 103 3 Wells Wells NNP 21781 103 4 November November NNP 21781 103 5 , , , 21781 103 6 1892 1892 CD 21781 103 7 . . . 21781 104 1 { { -LRB- 21781 104 2 First First NNP 21781 104 3 Edition Edition NNP 21781 104 4 . . . 21781 104 5 } } -RRB- 21781 105 1 December December NNP 21781 105 2 , , , 21781 105 3 1893 1893 CD 21781 105 4 . . . 21781 106 1 { { -LRB- 21781 106 2 Second Second NNP 21781 106 3 Edition Edition NNP 21781 106 4 . . . 21781 106 5 } } -RRB- 21781 107 1 -The -The NFP 21781 107 2 Rabbit rabbit NN 21781 107 3 . . . 21781 107 4 _ _ NNP 21781 107 5 1 1 CD 21781 107 6 . . . 21781 108 1 _ _ NNP 21781 108 2 External External NNP 21781 108 3 Form Form NNP 21781 108 4 and and CC 21781 108 5 General General NNP 21781 108 6 Considerations Considerations NNPS 21781 108 7 . . . 21781 108 8 _ _ NNP 21781 108 9 Section Section NNP 21781 108 10 1 1 CD 21781 108 11 . . . 21781 109 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 109 2 is be VBZ 21781 109 3 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 21781 109 4 to to TO 21781 109 5 enter enter VB 21781 109 6 upon upon IN 21781 109 7 a a DT 21781 109 8 description description NN 21781 109 9 of of IN 21781 109 10 the the DT 21781 109 11 appearance appearance NN 21781 109 12 of of IN 21781 109 13 this this DT 21781 109 14 familiar familiar JJ 21781 109 15 type type NN 21781 109 16 , , , 21781 109 17 but but CC 21781 109 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 109 19 is be VBZ 21781 109 20 not not RB 21781 109 21 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 109 22 superfluous superfluous JJ 21781 109 23 , , , 21781 109 24 as as IN 21781 109 25 we -PRON- PRP 21781 109 26 proceed proceed VBP 21781 109 27 to to TO 21781 109 28 consider consider VB 21781 109 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 109 30 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 109 31 , , , 21781 109 32 to to TO 21781 109 33 call call VB 21781 109 34 attention attention NN 21781 109 35 to to IN 21781 109 36 one one CD 21781 109 37 or or CC 21781 109 38 two two CD 21781 109 39 points point NNS 21781 109 40 in in IN 21781 109 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 109 42 external external JJ 21781 109 43 , , , 21781 109 44 or or CC 21781 109 45 externally externally RB 21781 109 46 apparent apparent JJ 21781 109 47 structure structure NN 21781 109 48 . . . 21781 110 1 Most Most JJS 21781 110 2 of of IN 21781 110 3 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 110 4 readers reader NNS 21781 110 5 know know VBP 21781 110 6 that that IN 21781 110 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 110 8 belongs belong VBZ 21781 110 9 to to IN 21781 110 10 that that DT 21781 110 11 one one CD 21781 110 12 of of IN 21781 110 13 two two CD 21781 110 14 primary primary JJ 21781 110 15 animal animal NN 21781 110 16 divisions division NNS 21781 110 17 which which WDT 21781 110 18 is be VBZ 21781 110 19 called call VBN 21781 110 20 the the DT 21781 110 21 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 110 22 , , , 21781 110 23 and and CC 21781 110 24 that that IN 21781 110 25 the the DT 21781 110 26 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 110 27 feature feature NN 21781 110 28 which which WDT 21781 110 29 place place VBP 21781 110 30 it -PRON- PRP 21781 110 31 in in IN 21781 110 32 this this DT 21781 110 33 division division NN 21781 110 34 is be VBZ 21781 110 35 the the DT 21781 110 36 possession possession NN 21781 110 37 of of IN 21781 110 38 a a DT 21781 110 39 spinal spinal JJ 21781 110 40 column column NN 21781 110 41 or or CC 21781 110 42 backbone backbone NN 21781 110 43 , , , 21781 110 44 really really RB 21781 110 45 a a DT 21781 110 46 series series NN 21781 110 47 of of IN 21781 110 48 small small JJ 21781 110 49 ring ring NN 21781 110 50 - - HYPH 21781 110 51 like like JJ 21781 110 52 bones bone NNS 21781 110 53 , , , 21781 110 54 the the DT 21781 110 55 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 110 56 ( ( -LRB- 21781 110 57 Figure figure NN 21781 110 58 1 1 CD 21781 110 59 v.b v.b NNP 21781 110 60 . . . 21781 110 61 ) ) -RRB- 21781 111 1 strung string VBN 21781 111 2 together together RB 21781 111 3 , , , 21781 111 4 as as IN 21781 111 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 111 6 were be VBD 21781 111 7 , , , 21781 111 8 on on IN 21781 111 9 the the DT 21781 111 10 main main JJ 21781 111 11 nerve nerve NN 21781 111 12 axis axis NNP 21781 111 13 , , , 21781 111 14 the the DT 21781 111 15 spinal spinal JJ 21781 111 16 cord cord NN 21781 111 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 111 18 Figure figure NN 21781 111 19 1 1 CD 21781 111 20 s.c s.c NNP 21781 111 21 . . NNP 21781 111 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 111 23 . . . 21781 112 1 This this DT 21781 112 2 spinal spinal JJ 21781 112 3 column column NN 21781 112 4 can can MD 21781 112 5 be be VB 21781 112 6 felt feel VBN 21781 112 7 along along IN 21781 112 8 the the DT 21781 112 9 neck neck NN 21781 112 10 and and CC 21781 112 11 back back RB 21781 112 12 to to IN 21781 112 13 the the DT 21781 112 14 tail tail NN 21781 112 15 . . . 21781 113 1 This this DT 21781 113 2 tail tail NN 21781 113 3 is be VBZ 21781 113 4 small small JJ 21781 113 5 , , , 21781 113 6 tilted tilt VBN 21781 113 7 up up RP 21781 113 8 , , , 21781 113 9 and and CC 21781 113 10 conspicuously conspicuously RB 21781 113 11 white white JJ 21781 113 12 beneath beneath RB 21781 113 13 , , , 21781 113 14 and and CC 21781 113 15 it -PRON- PRP 21781 113 16 serves serve VBZ 21781 113 17 as as IN 21781 113 18 a a DT 21781 113 19 " " `` 21781 113 20 recognition recognition NN 21781 113 21 mark mark NN 21781 113 22 " " '' 21781 113 23 to to TO 21781 113 24 guide guide VB 21781 113 25 the the DT 21781 113 26 young young JJ 21781 113 27 when when WRB 21781 113 28 , , , 21781 113 29 during during IN 21781 113 30 feeding feeding NN 21781 113 31 , , , 21781 113 32 an an DT 21781 113 33 alarm alarm NN 21781 113 34 is be VBZ 21781 113 35 given give VBN 21781 113 36 and and CC 21781 113 37 a a DT 21781 113 38 bolt bolt NN 21781 113 39 is be VBZ 21781 113 40 made make VBN 21781 113 41 for for IN 21781 113 42 the the DT 21781 113 43 burrows burrow NNS 21781 113 44 . . . 21781 114 1 In in IN 21781 114 2 those those DT 21781 114 3 more more RBR 21781 114 4 primitive primitive JJ 21781 114 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 114 6 older old JJR 21781 114 7 and and CC 21781 114 8 simpler simple JJR 21781 114 9 - - HYPH 21781 114 10 fashioned fashioned JJ 21781 114 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 114 12 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 114 13 , , , 21781 114 14 the the DT 21781 114 15 fishes fish NNS 21781 114 16 , , , 21781 114 17 the the DT 21781 114 18 tail tail NN 21781 114 19 is be VBZ 21781 114 20 much much RB 21781 114 21 large large JJ 21781 114 22 and and CC 21781 114 23 far far RB 21781 114 24 more more RBR 21781 114 25 important important JJ 21781 114 26 , , , 21781 114 27 as as IN 21781 114 28 compared compare VBN 21781 114 29 with with IN 21781 114 30 the the DT 21781 114 31 rest rest NN 21781 114 32 of of IN 21781 114 33 the the DT 21781 114 34 body body NN 21781 114 35 , , , 21781 114 36 than than IN 21781 114 37 it -PRON- PRP 21781 114 38 is be VBZ 21781 114 39 in in IN 21781 114 40 most most JJS 21781 114 41 of of IN 21781 114 42 the the DT 21781 114 43 air air NN 21781 114 44 - - HYPH 21781 114 45 inhabiting inhabit VBG 21781 114 46 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 21781 114 47 . . . 21781 115 1 In in IN 21781 115 2 the the DT 21781 115 3 former former JJ 21781 115 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 115 5 is be VBZ 21781 115 6 invariably invariably RB 21781 115 7 a a DT 21781 115 8 great great JJ 21781 115 9 muscular muscular JJ 21781 115 10 mass mass NN 21781 115 11 to to TO 21781 115 12 propel propel VB 21781 115 13 the the DT 21781 115 14 body body NN 21781 115 15 forward forward RB 21781 115 16 ; ; , 21781 115 17 in in IN 21781 115 18 the the DT 21781 115 19 latter latter JJ 21781 115 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 115 21 may may MD 21781 115 22 disappear disappear VB 21781 115 23 , , , 21781 115 24 as as IN 21781 115 25 in in IN 21781 115 26 the the DT 21781 115 27 frog frog NN 21781 115 28 , , , 21781 115 29 be be VB 21781 115 30 simply simply RB 21781 115 31 a a DT 21781 115 32 feather feather NN 21781 115 33 - - HYPH 21781 115 34 bearing bear VBG 21781 115 35 stump stump NN 21781 115 36 , , , 21781 115 37 as as IN 21781 115 38 in in IN 21781 115 39 the the DT 21781 115 40 pigeon pigeon NN 21781 115 41 , , , 21781 115 42 a a DT 21781 115 43 fly fly NN 21781 115 44 flicker flicker NN 21781 115 45 , , , 21781 115 46 as as IN 21781 115 47 in in IN 21781 115 48 the the DT 21781 115 49 cow cow NN 21781 115 50 or or CC 21781 115 51 horse horse NN 21781 115 52 , , , 21781 115 53 a a DT 21781 115 54 fur fur NN 21781 115 55 cape cape NN 21781 115 56 in in IN 21781 115 57 squirrel squirrel NN 21781 115 58 , , , 21781 115 59 or or CC 21781 115 60 be be VB 21781 115 61 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 115 62 reduced reduce VBN 21781 115 63 and and CC 21781 115 64 modified modify VBN 21781 115 65 to to TO 21781 115 66 meet meet VB 21781 115 67 special special JJ 21781 115 68 requirements requirement NNS 21781 115 69 . . . 21781 116 1 Section section NN 21781 116 2 2 2 CD 21781 116 3 . . . 21781 117 1 At at IN 21781 117 2 the the DT 21781 117 3 fore fore JJ 21781 117 4 end end NN 21781 117 5 , , , 21781 117 6 or or CC 21781 117 7 as as IN 21781 117 8 English English NNP 21781 117 9 zoologists zoologists NNPS 21781 117 10 prefer prefer VBP 21781 117 11 to to TO 21781 117 12 say say VB 21781 117 13 , , , 21781 117 14 anterior anterior JJ 21781 117 15 end end NN 21781 117 16 , , , 21781 117 17 of of IN 21781 117 18 the the DT 21781 117 19 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 117 20 column column NN 21781 117 21 of of IN 21781 117 22 the the DT 21781 117 23 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 117 24 , , , 21781 117 25 is be VBZ 21781 117 26 of of IN 21781 117 27 course course NN 21781 117 28 the the DT 21781 117 29 skull skull NN 21781 117 30 , , , 21781 117 31 containing contain VBG 21781 117 32 the the DT 21781 117 33 anterior anterior JJ 21781 117 34 portion portion NN 21781 117 35 of of IN 21781 117 36 the the DT 21781 117 37 nerve nerve NN 21781 117 38 axis axis NNP 21781 117 39 , , , 21781 117 40 the the DT 21781 117 41 brain brain NN 21781 117 42 ( ( -LRB- 21781 117 43 Figure figure NN 21781 117 44 1 1 CD 21781 117 45 br br NN 21781 117 46 . . . 21781 117 47 ) ) -RRB- 21781 117 48 . . . 21781 118 1 Between between IN 21781 118 2 the the DT 21781 118 3 head head NN 21781 118 4 and and CC 21781 118 5 what what WP 21781 118 6 is be VBZ 21781 118 7 called call VBN 21781 118 8 " " `` 21781 118 9 the the DT 21781 118 10 body body NN 21781 118 11 , , , 21781 118 12 " " '' 21781 118 13 in in IN 21781 118 14 the the DT 21781 118 15 more more RBR 21781 118 16 restricted restricted JJ 21781 118 17 sense sense NN 21781 118 18 of of IN 21781 118 19 the the DT 21781 118 20 word word NN 21781 118 21 , , , 21781 118 22 is be VBZ 21781 118 23 the the DT 21781 118 24 neck neck NN 21781 118 25 . . . 21781 119 1 The the DT 21781 119 2 neck neck NN 21781 119 3 gives give VBZ 21781 119 4 freedom freedom NN 21781 119 5 of of IN 21781 119 6 movement movement NN 21781 119 7 to to IN 21781 119 8 the the DT 21781 119 9 head head NN 21781 119 10 , , , 21781 119 11 enables enable VBZ 21781 119 12 the the DT 21781 119 13 animal animal NN 21781 119 14 to to TO 21781 119 15 look look VB 21781 119 16 this this DT 21781 119 17 way way NN 21781 119 18 and and CC 21781 119 19 that that IN 21781 119 20 , , , 21781 119 21 to to TO 21781 119 22 turn turn VB 21781 119 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 119 24 ears ear NNS 21781 119 25 about about JJ 21781 119 26 to to TO 21781 119 27 determine determine VB 21781 119 28 the the DT 21781 119 29 direction direction NN 21781 119 30 of of IN 21781 119 31 a a DT 21781 119 32 sound sound NN 21781 119 33 , , , 21781 119 34 and and CC 21781 119 35 to to TO 21781 119 36 perform perform VB 21781 119 37 endless endless JJ 21781 119 38 motions motion NNS 21781 119 39 in in IN 21781 119 40 connexion connexion NN 21781 119 41 with with IN 21781 119 42 biting biting NN 21781 119 43 and and CC 21781 119 44 so so RB 21781 119 45 forth forth RB 21781 119 46 easily easily RB 21781 119 47 . . . 21781 120 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 120 2 may may MD 21781 120 3 note note VB 21781 120 4 that that IN 21781 120 5 in in IN 21781 120 6 types type NNS 21781 120 7 which which WDT 21781 120 8 swim swim VBP 21781 120 9 through through IN 21781 120 10 the the DT 21781 120 11 water water NN 21781 120 12 , , , 21781 120 13 the the DT 21781 120 14 neck neck NN 21781 120 15 dose dose VBD 21781 120 16 not not RB 21781 120 17 appear-- appear-- VB 21781 120 18 in in IN 21781 120 19 the the DT 21781 120 20 fish fish NN 21781 120 21 and and CC 21781 120 22 frog frog NN 21781 120 23 , , , 21781 120 24 for for IN 21781 120 25 instance-- instance-- NNP 21781 120 26 and and CC 21781 120 27 the the DT 21781 120 28 head head NN 21781 120 29 simply simply RB 21781 120 30 widens widen VBZ 21781 120 31 out out RP 21781 120 32 as as IN 21781 120 33 one one PRP 21781 120 34 passes pass VBZ 21781 120 35 back back RB 21781 120 36 to to IN 21781 120 37 the the DT 21781 120 38 body body NN 21781 120 39 . . . 21781 121 1 The the DT 21781 121 2 high high JJ 21781 121 3 resistance resistance NN 21781 121 4 offered offer VBN 21781 121 5 by by IN 21781 121 6 water water NN 21781 121 7 necessitates necessitate NNS 21781 121 8 this this DT 21781 121 9 tendency tendency NN 21781 121 10 to to IN 21781 121 11 a a DT 21781 121 12 cigar cigar NN 21781 121 13 or or CC 21781 121 14 ship ship NN 21781 121 15 outline outline NN 21781 121 16 , , , 21781 121 17 just just RB 21781 121 18 as as IN 21781 121 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 121 20 has have VBZ 21781 121 21 determined determine VBN 21781 121 22 the the DT 21781 121 23 cigar cigar NN 21781 121 24 shape shape NN 21781 121 25 of of IN 21781 121 26 the the DT 21781 121 27 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 121 28 fish fish NN 21781 121 29 torpedo torpedo NN 21781 121 30 . . . 21781 122 1 Section section NN 21781 122 2 3 3 CD 21781 122 3 . . . 21781 123 1 In in IN 21781 123 2 the the DT 21781 123 3 body body NN 21781 123 4 of of IN 21781 123 5 the the DT 21781 123 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 123 7 , , , 21781 123 8 as as IN 21781 123 9 examined examine VBN 21781 123 10 from from IN 21781 123 11 the the DT 21781 123 12 outside outside NN 21781 123 13 , , , 21781 123 14 we -PRON- PRP 21781 123 15 can can MD 21781 123 16 make make VB 21781 123 17 out out RP 21781 123 18 by by IN 21781 123 19 feeling feel VBG 21781 123 20 two two CD 21781 123 21 distinct distinct JJ 21781 123 22 regions region NNS 21781 123 23 , , , 21781 123 24 just just RB 21781 123 25 as as IN 21781 123 26 we -PRON- PRP 21781 123 27 might may MD 21781 123 28 in in IN 21781 123 29 the the DT 21781 123 30 body body NN 21781 123 31 of of IN 21781 123 32 a a DT 21781 123 33 man man NN 21781 123 34 ; ; : 21781 123 35 anteriorily anteriorily RB 21781 123 36 a a DT 21781 123 37 bony bony NN 21781 123 38 cage cage NN 21781 123 39 , , , 21781 123 40 having have VBG 21781 123 41 the the DT 21781 123 42 ribs rib NNS 21781 123 43 at at IN 21781 123 44 the the DT 21781 123 45 sides side NNS 21781 123 46 , , , 21781 123 47 a a DT 21781 123 48 rod rod NN 21781 123 49 - - HYPH 21781 123 50 like like JJ 21781 123 51 bone bone NN 21781 123 52 in in IN 21781 123 53 the the DT 21781 123 54 front front NN 21781 123 55 , , , 21781 123 56 the the DT 21781 123 57 sternum sternum FW 21781 123 58 ( ( -LRB- 21781 123 59 Figure figure NN 21781 123 60 1 1 CD 21781 123 61 -st.- -st.- : 21781 123 62 , , , 21781 123 63 [ [ -LRB- 21781 123 64 stm stm NN 21781 123 65 . . . 21781 124 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 124 2 ) ) -RRB- 21781 124 3 , , , 21781 124 4 and and CC 21781 124 5 the the DT 21781 124 6 backbone backbone NN 21781 124 7 behind behind RB 21781 124 8 , , , 21781 124 9 and and CC 21781 124 10 called call VBD 21781 124 11 the the DT 21781 124 12 chest chest NN 21781 124 13 or or CC 21781 124 14 thorax thorax NN 21781 124 15 ; ; , 21781 124 16 and and CC 21781 124 17 posteriorily posteriorily RB 21781 124 18 a a DT 21781 124 19 part part NN 21781 124 20 called call VBN 21781 124 21 the the DT 21781 124 22 abdomen abdomen NNP 21781 124 23 , , , 21781 124 24 which which WDT 21781 124 25 has have VBZ 21781 124 26 no no DT 21781 124 27 bony bony NN 21781 124 28 protection protection NN 21781 124 29 over over IN 21781 124 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 124 31 belly belly NN 21781 124 32 , , , 21781 124 33 or or CC 21781 124 34 ventral ventral JJ 21781 124 35 surface surface NN 21781 124 36 . . . 21781 125 1 These these DT 21781 125 2 parts part NNS 21781 125 3 together together RB 21781 125 4 with with IN 21781 125 5 the the DT 21781 125 6 neck neck NN 21781 125 7 constitute constitute NN 21781 125 8 the the DT 21781 125 9 trunk trunk NN 21781 125 10 . . . 21781 126 1 As as IN 21781 126 2 a a DT 21781 126 3 consequence consequence NN 21781 126 4 of of IN 21781 126 5 these these DT 21781 126 6 things thing NNS 21781 126 7 , , , 21781 126 8 in in IN 21781 126 9 the the DT 21781 126 10 backbone backbone NN 21781 126 11 of of IN 21781 126 12 the the DT 21781 126 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 126 14 there there EX 21781 126 15 are be VBP 21781 126 16 four four CD 21781 126 17 regions region NNS 21781 126 18 : : : 21781 126 19 the the DT 21781 126 20 neck neck NN 21781 126 21 , , , 21781 126 22 or or CC 21781 126 23 cervical cervical JJ 21781 126 24 part part NN 21781 126 25 , , , 21781 126 26 consisting consist VBG 21781 126 27 of of IN 21781 126 28 seven seven CD 21781 126 29 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 126 30 , , , 21781 126 31 the the DT 21781 126 32 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 126 33 part part NN 21781 126 34 of of IN 21781 126 35 twelve twelve CD 21781 126 36 joined join VBD 21781 126 37 to to IN 21781 126 38 ribs ribs NNP 21781 126 39 , , , 21781 126 40 the the DT 21781 126 41 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 126 42 ( ( -LRB- 21781 126 43 also also RB 21781 126 44 called call VBN 21781 126 45 the the DT 21781 126 46 lumbar lumbar NN 21781 126 47 ) ) -RRB- 21781 126 48 region region NN 21781 126 49 of of IN 21781 126 50 seven seven CD 21781 126 51 without without IN 21781 126 52 ribs rib NNS 21781 126 53 , , , 21781 126 54 and and CC 21781 126 55 the the DT 21781 126 56 tail tail NN 21781 126 57 or or CC 21781 126 58 caudal caudal NN 21781 126 59 of of IN 21781 126 60 about about RB 21781 126 61 fifteen fifteen CD 21781 126 62 . . . 21781 127 1 Between between IN 21781 127 2 the the DT 21781 127 3 lumbar lumbar NN 21781 127 4 and and CC 21781 127 5 caudal caudal NN 21781 127 6 come come VB 21781 127 7 four four CD 21781 127 8 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 127 9 , , , 21781 127 10 the the DT 21781 127 11 sacral sacral NN 21781 127 12 , , , 21781 127 13 which which WDT 21781 127 14 tend tend VBP 21781 127 15 to to TO 21781 127 16 run run VB 21781 127 17 together together RB 21781 127 18 into into IN 21781 127 19 a a DT 21781 127 20 bony bony NN 21781 127 21 mass mass NN 21781 127 22 as as IN 21781 127 23 the the DT 21781 127 24 animal animal NN 21781 127 25 grows grow VBZ 21781 127 26 old old JJ 21781 127 27 , , , 21781 127 28 and and CC 21781 127 29 which which WDT 21781 127 30 form form VBP 21781 127 31 a a DT 21781 127 32 firm firm JJ 21781 127 33 attachment attachment NN 21781 127 34 for for IN 21781 127 35 the the DT 21781 127 36 base base NN 21781 127 37 of of IN 21781 127 38 the the DT 21781 127 39 hind hind NN 21781 127 40 limb limb NN 21781 127 41 . . . 21781 128 1 Section section NN 21781 128 2 4 4 CD 21781 128 3 . . . 21781 129 1 The the DT 21781 129 2 thorax thorax NN 21781 129 3 and and CC 21781 129 4 abdomen abdomen NNP 21781 129 5 are be VBP 21781 129 6 separated separate VBN 21781 129 7 by by IN 21781 129 8 a a DT 21781 129 9 partition partition NN 21781 129 10 , , , 21781 129 11 the the DT 21781 129 12 diaphragm diaphragm NN 21781 129 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 129 14 Figure figure NN 21781 129 15 1 1 CD 21781 129 16 dia dia NN 21781 129 17 . . . 21781 129 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 129 19 . . . 21781 130 1 This this DT 21781 130 2 structure structure NN 21781 130 3 is be VBZ 21781 130 4 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 130 5 of of IN 21781 130 6 that that DT 21781 130 7 class class NN 21781 130 8 of of IN 21781 130 9 the the DT 21781 130 10 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 130 11 called call VBN 21781 130 12 mammals mammal NNS 21781 130 13 , , , 21781 130 14 and and CC 21781 130 15 which which WDT 21781 130 16 includes include VBZ 21781 130 17 man man NN 21781 130 18 , , , 21781 130 19 most most JJS 21781 130 20 of of IN 21781 130 21 the the DT 21781 130 22 larger large JJR 21781 130 23 and and CC 21781 130 24 commoner commoner NN 21781 130 25 land land NN 21781 130 26 animals animal NNS 21781 130 27 , , , 21781 130 28 and and CC 21781 130 29 whales whale NNS 21781 130 30 and and CC 21781 130 31 manatee manatee NN 21781 130 32 . . . 21781 131 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 131 2 shall shall MD 21781 131 3 find find VB 21781 131 4 later later RB 21781 131 5 that that IN 21781 131 6 it -PRON- PRP 21781 131 7 is be VBZ 21781 131 8 essentially essentially RB 21781 131 9 connected connected JJ 21781 131 10 with with IN 21781 131 11 the the DT 21781 131 12 perfection perfection NN 21781 131 13 of of IN 21781 131 14 the the DT 21781 131 15 air air NN 21781 131 16 breathing breathe VBG 21781 131 17 to to TO 21781 131 18 which which WDT 21781 131 19 this this DT 21781 131 20 group group NN 21781 131 21 has have VBZ 21781 131 22 attained attain VBN 21781 131 23 . . . 21781 132 1 Another another DT 21781 132 2 characteristic characteristic NN 21781 132 3 shared share VBN 21781 132 4 by by IN 21781 132 5 all all DT 21781 132 6 mammals mammal NNS 21781 132 7 , , , 21781 132 8 and and CC 21781 132 9 by by IN 21781 132 10 no no DT 21781 132 11 other other JJ 21781 132 12 creature creature NN 21781 132 13 , , , 21781 132 14 is be VBZ 21781 132 15 the the DT 21781 132 16 presence presence NN 21781 132 17 of of IN 21781 132 18 hair hair NN 21781 132 19 . . . 21781 133 1 In in IN 21781 133 2 birds bird NNS 21781 133 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 133 4 have have VBP 21781 133 5 an an DT 21781 133 6 equally equally RB 21781 133 7 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 133 8 cover cover NN 21781 133 9 in in IN 21781 133 10 the the DT 21781 133 11 feathers feather NNS 21781 133 12 , , , 21781 133 13 the the DT 21781 133 14 frog frog NN 21781 133 15 is be VBZ 21781 133 16 naked naked JJ 21781 133 17 , , , 21781 133 18 and and CC 21781 133 19 the the DT 21781 133 20 fishes fish NNS 21781 133 21 we -PRON- PRP 21781 133 22 find find VBP 21781 133 23 either either CC 21781 133 24 naked naked JJ 21781 133 25 skins skin NNS 21781 133 26 or or CC 21781 133 27 scales scale NNS 21781 133 28 . . . 21781 134 1 Section section NN 21781 134 2 5 5 CD 21781 134 3 . . . 21781 135 1 The the DT 21781 135 2 short short JJ 21781 135 3 strong strong JJ 21781 135 4 fore fore NN 21781 135 5 limbs limb NNS 21781 135 6 are be VBP 21781 135 7 adapted adapt VBN 21781 135 8 to to IN 21781 135 9 the the DT 21781 135 10 burrowing burrowing NN 21781 135 11 habit habit NN 21781 135 12 , , , 21781 135 13 and and CC 21781 135 14 have have VBP 21781 135 15 five five CD 21781 135 16 digits digit NNS 21781 135 17 ; ; : 21781 135 18 the the DT 21781 135 19 hind hind NN 21781 135 20 limbs limb NNS 21781 135 21 are be VBP 21781 135 22 very very RB 21781 135 23 much much RB 21781 135 24 longer long JJR 21781 135 25 and and CC 21781 135 26 muscular muscular JJ 21781 135 27 , , , 21781 135 28 enable enable VB 21781 135 29 the the DT 21781 135 30 animal animal NN 21781 135 31 to to TO 21781 135 32 progress progress VB 21781 135 33 rapidly rapidly RB 21781 135 34 by by IN 21781 135 35 short short JJ 21781 135 36 leaps leap NNS 21781 135 37 , , , 21781 135 38 and and CC 21781 135 39 they -PRON- PRP 21781 135 40 have have VBP 21781 135 41 four four CD 21781 135 42 toes toe NNS 21781 135 43 . . . 21781 136 1 If if IN 21781 136 2 the the DT 21781 136 3 student student NN 21781 136 4 thinks think VBZ 21781 136 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 136 6 worth worth JJ 21781 136 7 while while IN 21781 136 8 to to TO 21781 136 9 attempt attempt VB 21781 136 10 to to TO 21781 136 11 remember remember VB 21781 136 12 the the DT 21781 136 13 number number NN 21781 136 14 of of IN 21781 136 15 digits-- digits-- NN 21781 136 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 136 17 is be VBZ 21781 136 18 the the DT 21781 136 19 fault fault NN 21781 136 20 of of IN 21781 136 21 examiners examiner NNS 21781 136 22 if if IN 21781 136 23 any any DT 21781 136 24 value value NN 21781 136 25 dose dose VBD 21781 136 26 attach attach NN 21781 136 27 to to IN 21781 136 28 such such JJ 21781 136 29 intrinsically intrinsically RB 21781 136 30 valueless valueless NN 21781 136 31 facts-- facts-- NNP 21781 136 32 he -PRON- PRP 21781 136 33 should should MD 21781 136 34 associate associate VB 21781 136 35 the the DT 21781 136 36 number number NN 21781 136 37 54 54 CD 21781 136 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 136 39 5 5 CD 21781 136 40 in in IN 21781 136 41 front front NN 21781 136 42 , , , 21781 136 43 4 4 CD 21781 136 44 behind behind IN 21781 136 45 ) ) -RRB- 21781 136 46 with with IN 21781 136 47 the the DT 21781 136 48 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 136 49 , , , 21781 136 50 and and CC 21781 136 51 observe observe VBP 21781 136 52 that that IN 21781 136 53 with with IN 21781 136 54 the the DT 21781 136 55 frog frog NN 21781 136 56 the the DT 21781 136 57 reverse reverse NN 21781 136 58 is be VBZ 21781 136 59 the the DT 21781 136 60 case case NN 21781 136 61 . . . 21781 137 1 Section section NN 21781 137 2 6 6 CD 21781 137 3 . . . 21781 138 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 138 2 may may MD 21781 138 3 note note VB 21781 138 4 here here RB 21781 138 5 the the DT 21781 138 6 meaning meaning NN 21781 138 7 of of IN 21781 138 8 certain certain JJ 21781 138 9 terms term NNS 21781 138 10 we -PRON- PRP 21781 138 11 shall shall MD 21781 138 12 be be VB 21781 138 13 constantly constantly RB 21781 138 14 employing employ VBG 21781 138 15 . . . 21781 139 1 The the DT 21781 139 2 head head NN 21781 139 3 end end NN 21781 139 4 of of IN 21781 139 5 the the DT 21781 139 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 139 7 is be VBZ 21781 139 8 anterior anterior NNP 21781 139 9 , , , 21781 139 10 the the DT 21781 139 11 tail tail NN 21781 139 12 end end NN 21781 139 13 posterior posterior RB 21781 139 14 , , , 21781 139 15 the the DT 21781 139 16 backbone backbone NN 21781 139 17 side side NN 21781 139 18 of of IN 21781 139 19 the the DT 21781 139 20 body-- body-- VB 21781 139 21 the the DT 21781 139 22 upper upper JJ 21781 139 23 side side NN 21781 139 24 in in IN 21781 139 25 life-- life-- NNP 21781 139 26 is be VBZ 21781 139 27 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 139 28 , , , 21781 139 29 the the DT 21781 139 30 breast breast NN 21781 139 31 and and CC 21781 139 32 belly belly NN 21781 139 33 side side NN 21781 139 34 , , , 21781 139 35 the the DT 21781 139 36 lower low JJR 21781 139 37 side side NN 21781 139 38 of of IN 21781 139 39 the the DT 21781 139 40 animal animal NN 21781 139 41 , , , 21781 139 42 is be VBZ 21781 139 43 ventral ventral JJ 21781 139 44 . . . 21781 140 1 If if IN 21781 140 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 140 3 imagine imagine VBP 21781 140 4 the the DT 21781 140 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 140 6 sawn sawn NN 21781 140 7 asunder asunder RB 21781 140 8 , , , 21781 140 9 as as IN 21781 140 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 140 11 were be VBD 21781 140 12 , , , 21781 140 13 by by IN 21781 140 14 a a DT 21781 140 15 plane plane NN 21781 140 16 passing pass VBG 21781 140 17 through through IN 21781 140 18 the the DT 21781 140 19 head head NN 21781 140 20 and and CC 21781 140 21 tail tail NN 21781 140 22 , , , 21781 140 23 that that WDT 21781 140 24 would would MD 21781 140 25 be be VB 21781 140 26 the the DT 21781 140 27 median median JJ 21781 140 28 plane plane NN 21781 140 29 , , , 21781 140 30 and and CC 21781 140 31 parts part NNS 21781 140 32 on on IN 21781 140 33 either either DT 21781 140 34 side side NN 21781 140 35 of of IN 21781 140 36 it -PRON- PRP 21781 140 37 are be VBP 21781 140 38 lateral lateral JJ 21781 140 39 , , , 21781 140 40 and and CC 21781 140 41 left left JJ 21781 140 42 or or CC 21781 140 43 right right RB 21781 140 44 according accord VBG 21781 140 45 as as IN 21781 140 46 they -PRON- PRP 21781 140 47 lie lie VBP 21781 140 48 to to IN 21781 140 49 the the DT 21781 140 50 animal animal NN 21781 140 51 's 's POS 21781 140 52 left left JJ 21781 140 53 or or CC 21781 140 54 right right JJ 21781 140 55 . . . 21781 141 1 In in IN 21781 141 2 a a DT 21781 141 3 limb limb NN 21781 141 4 , , , 21781 141 5 or or CC 21781 141 6 in in IN 21781 141 7 the the DT 21781 141 8 internal internal JJ 21781 141 9 organs organ NNS 21781 141 10 , , , 21781 141 11 the the DT 21781 141 12 part part NN 21781 141 13 nearest near JJS 21781 141 14 the the DT 21781 141 15 central central JJ 21781 141 16 organ organ NN 21781 141 17 , , , 21781 141 18 or or CC 21781 141 19 axis axis RB 21781 141 20 , , , 21781 141 21 is be VBZ 21781 141 22 proximal proximal JJ 21781 141 23 , , , 21781 141 24 the the DT 21781 141 25 more more RBR 21781 141 26 remote remote JJ 21781 141 27 or or CC 21781 141 28 terminal terminal JJ 21781 141 29 parts part NNS 21781 141 30 are be VBP 21781 141 31 distal distal JJ 21781 141 32 . . . 21781 142 1 For for IN 21781 142 2 instance instance NN 21781 142 3 , , , 21781 142 4 the the DT 21781 142 5 mouth mouth NN 21781 142 6 is be VBZ 21781 142 7 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 142 8 placed place VBN 21781 142 9 , , , 21781 142 10 the the DT 21781 142 11 tongue tongue NN 21781 142 12 on on IN 21781 142 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 142 14 ventral ventral JJ 21781 142 15 wall wall NN 21781 142 16 ; ; : 21781 142 17 the the DT 21781 142 18 tongue tongue NN 21781 142 19 is be VBZ 21781 142 20 median median NNP 21781 142 21 , , , 21781 142 22 the the DT 21781 142 23 eyes eye NNS 21781 142 24 are be VBP 21781 142 25 lateral lateral JJ 21781 142 26 , , , 21781 142 27 and and CC 21781 142 28 the the DT 21781 142 29 fingers finger NNS 21781 142 30 are be VBP 21781 142 31 distal distal JJ 21781 142 32 to to IN 21781 142 33 the the DT 21781 142 34 elbow elbow NN 21781 142 35 . . . 21781 143 1 The the DT 21781 143 2 student student NN 21781 143 3 must must MD 21781 143 4 accustom accustom VB 21781 143 5 himself -PRON- PRP 21781 143 6 to to IN 21781 143 7 these these DT 21781 143 8 words word NNS 21781 143 9 , , , 21781 143 10 and and CC 21781 143 11 avoid avoid VB 21781 143 12 , , , 21781 143 13 in in IN 21781 143 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 143 15 descriptions description NNS 21781 143 16 , , , 21781 143 17 the the DT 21781 143 18 use use NN 21781 143 19 of of IN 21781 143 20 such such JJ 21781 143 21 terms term NNS 21781 143 22 as as IN 21781 143 23 " " `` 21781 143 24 above above RB 21781 143 25 , , , 21781 143 26 " " '' 21781 143 27 " " `` 21781 143 28 below below RB 21781 143 29 , , , 21781 143 30 " " '' 21781 143 31 " " `` 21781 143 32 outside outside RB 21781 143 33 , , , 21781 143 34 " " '' 21781 143 35 which which WDT 21781 143 36 vary vary VBP 21781 143 37 with with IN 21781 143 38 the the DT 21781 143 39 position position NN 21781 143 40 in in IN 21781 143 41 which which WDT 21781 143 42 we -PRON- PRP 21781 143 43 conceive conceive VBP 21781 143 44 the the DT 21781 143 45 animal animal NN 21781 143 46 placed place VBN 21781 143 47 . . . 21781 144 1 Section section NN 21781 144 2 7 7 CD 21781 144 3 . . . 21781 145 1 So so RB 21781 145 2 much much JJ 21781 145 3 for for IN 21781 145 4 the the DT 21781 145 5 general general JJ 21781 145 6 form form NN 21781 145 7 ; ; : 21781 145 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 145 9 may may MD 21781 145 10 note note VB 21781 145 11 a a DT 21781 145 12 few few JJ 21781 145 13 facts fact NNS 21781 145 14 of of IN 21781 145 15 general general JJ 21781 145 16 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 145 17 , , , 21781 145 18 in in IN 21781 145 19 connection connection NN 21781 145 20 with with IN 21781 145 21 the the DT 21781 145 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 145 23 's 's POS 21781 145 24 life life NN 21781 145 25 - - HYPH 21781 145 26 activity activity NN 21781 145 27 . . . 21781 146 1 In in IN 21781 146 2 a a DT 21781 146 3 day day NN 21781 146 4 of of IN 21781 146 5 the the DT 21781 146 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 146 7 's 's POS 21781 146 8 life life NN 21781 146 9 a a DT 21781 146 10 considerable considerable JJ 21781 146 11 amount amount NN 21781 146 12 of of IN 21781 146 13 work work NN 21781 146 14 is be VBZ 21781 146 15 done-- done-- JJ 21781 146 16 the the DT 21781 146 17 animal animal NN 21781 146 18 runs run VBZ 21781 146 19 hither hither NN 21781 146 20 and and CC 21781 146 21 thither thither NN 21781 146 22 , , , 21781 146 23 for for IN 21781 146 24 instance instance NN 21781 146 25 ; ; : 21781 146 26 in in IN 21781 146 27 other other JJ 21781 146 28 words word NNS 21781 146 29 , , , 21781 146 30 a a DT 21781 146 31 certain certain JJ 21781 146 32 mass mass NN 21781 146 33 of of IN 21781 146 34 matter matter NN 21781 146 35 is be VBZ 21781 146 36 moved move VBN 21781 146 37 through through IN 21781 146 38 space space NN 21781 146 39 , , , 21781 146 40 and and CC 21781 146 41 for for IN 21781 146 42 that that DT 21781 146 43 we -PRON- PRP 21781 146 44 know know VBP 21781 146 45 force force NN 21781 146 46 must must MD 21781 146 47 be be VB 21781 146 48 exerted exert VBN 21781 146 49 . . . 21781 147 1 Whence whence NN 21781 147 2 comes come VBZ 21781 147 3 the the DT 21781 147 4 force force NN 21781 147 5 ? ? . 21781 148 1 Section section NN 21781 148 2 8 8 CD 21781 148 3 . . . 21781 149 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 149 2 find find VBP 21781 149 3 the the DT 21781 149 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 149 5 occupies occupy VBZ 21781 149 6 a a DT 21781 149 7 considerable considerable JJ 21781 149 8 amount amount NN 21781 149 9 of of IN 21781 149 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 149 11 time time NN 21781 149 12 in in IN 21781 149 13 taking take VBG 21781 149 14 in in RP 21781 149 15 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 149 16 matter matter NN 21781 149 17 , , , 21781 149 18 consisting consist VBG 21781 149 19 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 149 20 of of IN 21781 149 21 more more JJR 21781 149 22 or or CC 21781 149 23 less less RBR 21781 149 24 complex complex JJ 21781 149 25 combustible combustible JJ 21781 149 26 and and CC 21781 149 27 unstable unstable JJ 21781 149 28 organic organic JJ 21781 149 29 compounds compound NNS 21781 149 30 . . . 21781 150 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 150 2 is be VBZ 21781 150 3 a a DT 21781 150 4 pure pure JJ 21781 150 5 vegetarian vegetarian NN 21781 150 6 , , , 21781 150 7 and and CC 21781 150 8 a a DT 21781 150 9 remarkably remarkably RB 21781 150 10 moderate moderate JJ 21781 150 11 drinker drinker NN 21781 150 12 . . . 21781 151 1 Some some DT 21781 151 2 but but CC 21781 151 3 only only RB 21781 151 4 a a DT 21781 151 5 small small JJ 21781 151 6 proportion proportion NN 21781 151 7 , , , 21781 151 8 of of IN 21781 151 9 the the DT 21781 151 10 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 151 11 matter matter NN 21781 151 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 151 13 eats eat VBZ 21781 151 14 , , , 21781 151 15 leaves leave VBZ 21781 151 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 151 17 body body NN 21781 151 18 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 151 19 unchanged unchanged JJ 21781 151 20 , , , 21781 151 21 in in IN 21781 151 22 little little JJ 21781 151 23 pellets pellet NNS 21781 151 24 , , , 21781 151 25 the the DT 21781 151 26 faeces faece NNS 21781 151 27 , , , 21781 151 28 in in IN 21781 151 29 the the DT 21781 151 30 process process NN 21781 151 31 of of IN 21781 151 32 defaecation defaecation NN 21781 151 33 . . . 21781 152 1 For for IN 21781 152 2 the the DT 21781 152 3 rest rest NN 21781 152 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 152 5 have have VBP 21781 152 6 to to TO 21781 152 7 account account VB 21781 152 8 . . . 21781 153 1 Section section NN 21781 153 2 9 9 CD 21781 153 3 . . . 21781 154 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 154 2 find find VBP 21781 154 3 , , , 21781 154 4 also also RB 21781 154 5 , , , 21781 154 6 that that IN 21781 154 7 the the DT 21781 154 8 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 154 9 breathes breathe VBZ 21781 154 10 air air NN 21781 154 11 into into IN 21781 154 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 154 13 lungs lung NNS 21781 154 14 , , , 21781 154 15 which which WDT 21781 154 16 is be VBZ 21781 154 17 returned return VBN 21781 154 18 to to IN 21781 154 19 the the DT 21781 154 20 atmosphere atmosphere NN 21781 154 21 with with IN 21781 154 22 a a DT 21781 154 23 lessened lessen VBN 21781 154 24 amount amount NN 21781 154 25 of of IN 21781 154 26 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 154 27 , , , 21781 154 28 and and CC 21781 154 29 the the DT 21781 154 30 addition addition NN 21781 154 31 of of IN 21781 154 32 a a DT 21781 154 33 perceptible perceptible JJ 21781 154 34 amount amount NN 21781 154 35 of of IN 21781 154 36 carbon carbon NN 21781 154 37 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 154 38 . . . 21781 155 1 The the DT 21781 155 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 155 3 also also RB 21781 155 4 throws throw VBZ 21781 155 5 off off RP 21781 155 6 , , , 21781 155 7 or or CC 21781 155 8 excretes excrete NNS 21781 155 9 , , , 21781 155 10 a a DT 21781 155 11 fluid fluid NN 21781 155 12 , , , 21781 155 13 the the DT 21781 155 14 urine urine NN 21781 155 15 , , , 21781 155 16 which which WDT 21781 155 17 consists consist VBZ 21781 155 18 of of IN 21781 155 19 water water NN 21781 155 20 with with IN 21781 155 21 a a DT 21781 155 22 certain certain JJ 21781 155 23 partially partially RB 21781 155 24 oxydised oxydised JJ 21781 155 25 substance substance NN 21781 155 26 containing contain VBG 21781 155 27 nitrogen nitrogen NN 21781 155 28 , , , 21781 155 29 and and CC 21781 155 30 called call VBD 21781 155 31 urea urea NNP 21781 155 32 , , , 21781 155 33 and and CC 21781 155 34 other other JJ 21781 155 35 less less RBR 21781 155 36 important important JJ 21781 155 37 salts salt NNS 21781 155 38 . . . 21781 156 1 The the DT 21781 156 2 organs organ NNS 21781 156 3 within within IN 21781 156 4 the the DT 21781 156 5 body body NN 21781 156 6 , , , 21781 156 7 by by IN 21781 156 8 which which WDT 21781 156 9 the the DT 21781 156 10 urine urine NN 21781 156 11 is be VBZ 21781 156 12 separated separate VBN 21781 156 13 , , , 21781 156 14 are be VBP 21781 156 15 called call VBN 21781 156 16 the the DT 21781 156 17 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 156 18 . . . 21781 157 1 Section section NN 21781 157 2 10 10 CD 21781 157 3 . . . 21781 158 1 Repeating repeat VBG 21781 158 2 these these DT 21781 158 3 facts fact NNS 21781 158 4 in in IN 21781 158 5 other other JJ 21781 158 6 words word NNS 21781 158 7 , , , 21781 158 8 the the DT 21781 158 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 158 10 takes take VBZ 21781 158 11 into into IN 21781 158 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 158 13 body body NN 21781 158 14 complex complex NN 21781 158 15 and and CC 21781 158 16 unstable unstable JJ 21781 158 17 organic organic JJ 21781 158 18 compounds compound NNS 21781 158 19 containing contain VBG 21781 158 20 nitrogen nitrogen NN 21781 158 21 , , , 21781 158 22 carbon carbon NN 21781 158 23 , , , 21781 158 24 hydrogen hydrogen NN 21781 158 25 , , , 21781 158 26 a a DT 21781 158 27 certain certain JJ 21781 158 28 amount amount NN 21781 158 29 of of IN 21781 158 30 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 158 31 , , , 21781 158 32 a a DT 21781 158 33 small small JJ 21781 158 34 quantity quantity NN 21781 158 35 of of IN 21781 158 36 sulphur sulphur NN 21781 158 37 , , , 21781 158 38 and and CC 21781 158 39 still still RB 21781 158 40 smaller small JJR 21781 158 41 amounts amount NNS 21781 158 42 of of IN 21781 158 43 other other JJ 21781 158 44 elements element NNS 21781 158 45 . . . 21781 159 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 159 2 also also RB 21781 159 3 breathes breathe VBZ 21781 159 4 in in IN 21781 159 5 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 159 6 . . . 21781 160 1 Section section NN 21781 160 2 11 11 CD 21781 160 3 . . . 21781 161 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 161 2 returns return VBZ 21781 161 3 a a DT 21781 161 4 certain certain JJ 21781 161 5 rejected reject VBN 21781 161 6 part part NN 21781 161 7 of of IN 21781 161 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 161 9 food food NN 21781 161 10 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 161 11 unchanged unchanged JJ 21781 161 12 . . . 21781 162 1 Besides besides IN 21781 162 2 this this DT 21781 162 3 , , , 21781 162 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 162 5 returns return VBZ 21781 162 6 carbon carbon NN 21781 162 7 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 162 8 and and CC 21781 162 9 water water NN 21781 162 10 , , , 21781 162 11 which which WDT 21781 162 12 are be VBP 21781 162 13 completely completely RB 21781 162 14 oxydised oxydise VBN 21781 162 15 , , , 21781 162 16 and and CC 21781 162 17 very very RB 21781 162 18 simple simple JJ 21781 162 19 and and CC 21781 162 20 stable stable JJ 21781 162 21 bodies body NNS 21781 162 22 , , , 21781 162 23 and and CC 21781 162 24 urea-- urea-- VBZ 21781 162 25 a a DT 21781 162 26 less less RBR 21781 162 27 completely completely RB 21781 162 28 oxydised oxydised JJ 21781 162 29 compound compound NN 21781 162 30 , , , 21781 162 31 but but CC 21781 162 32 a a DT 21781 162 33 very very RB 21781 162 34 simple simple JJ 21781 162 35 one one CD 21781 162 36 compared compare VBN 21781 162 37 with with IN 21781 162 38 the the DT 21781 162 39 food food NN 21781 162 40 constituents constituent NNS 21781 162 41 . . . 21781 163 1 Section section NN 21781 163 2 12 12 CD 21781 163 3 . . . 21781 164 1 Now now RB 21781 164 2 the the DT 21781 164 3 chemist chemist NN 21781 164 4 tells tell VBZ 21781 164 5 us -PRON- PRP 21781 164 6 that that IN 21781 164 7 when when WRB 21781 164 8 a a DT 21781 164 9 stable stable JJ 21781 164 10 body body NN 21781 164 11 is be VBZ 21781 164 12 formed form VBN 21781 164 13 , , , 21781 164 14 or or CC 21781 164 15 when when WRB 21781 164 16 an an DT 21781 164 17 unstable unstable JJ 21781 164 18 compound compound NN 21781 164 19 decomposes decompose NNS 21781 164 20 into into IN 21781 164 21 simpler simple JJR 21781 164 22 stable stable JJ 21781 164 23 ones one NNS 21781 164 24 , , , 21781 164 25 force force NN 21781 164 26 is be VBZ 21781 164 27 evolved evolve VBN 21781 164 28 . . . 21781 165 1 The the DT 21781 165 2 oxydation oxydation NN 21781 165 3 of of IN 21781 165 4 carbon carbon NN 21781 165 5 , , , 21781 165 6 for for IN 21781 165 7 instance instance NN 21781 165 8 , , , 21781 165 9 in in IN 21781 165 10 the the DT 21781 165 11 fireplace fireplace NN 21781 165 12 , , , 21781 165 13 is be VBZ 21781 165 14 the the DT 21781 165 15 formation formation NN 21781 165 16 of of IN 21781 165 17 the the DT 21781 165 18 stable stable JJ 21781 165 19 compound compound NN 21781 165 20 called call VBN 21781 165 21 carbon carbon NN 21781 165 22 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 165 23 , , , 21781 165 24 and and CC 21781 165 25 light light NN 21781 165 26 and and CC 21781 165 27 heat heat NN 21781 165 28 are be VBP 21781 165 29 evolved evolve VBN 21781 165 30 . . . 21781 166 1 The the DT 21781 166 2 explosion explosion NN 21781 166 3 of of IN 21781 166 4 dynamite dynamite NN 21781 166 5 , , , 21781 166 6 again again RB 21781 166 7 is be VBZ 21781 166 8 the the DT 21781 166 9 decomposition decomposition NN 21781 166 10 of of IN 21781 166 11 an an DT 21781 166 12 unstable unstable JJ 21781 166 13 compound compound NN 21781 166 14 . . . 21781 167 1 Hence hence RB 21781 167 2 , , , 21781 167 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 167 4 begin begin VBP 21781 167 5 to to TO 21781 167 6 perceive perceive VB 21781 167 7 that that IN 21781 167 8 force-- force-- NNP 21781 167 9 the the DT 21781 167 10 vital vital JJ 21781 167 11 force-- force-- NNP 21781 167 12 which which WDT 21781 167 13 keeps keep VBZ 21781 167 14 the the DT 21781 167 15 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 167 16 moving moving NN 21781 167 17 , , , 21781 167 18 is be VBZ 21781 167 19 supplied supply VBN 21781 167 20 by by IN 21781 167 21 the the DT 21781 167 22 decomposition decomposition NN 21781 167 23 and and CC 21781 167 24 partial partial JJ 21781 167 25 oxydation oxydation NN 21781 167 26 of of IN 21781 167 27 compounds compound NNS 21781 167 28 continued continue VBN 21781 167 29 in in IN 21781 167 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 167 31 food food NN 21781 167 32 , , , 21781 167 33 to to IN 21781 167 34 carbon carbon NN 21781 167 35 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 167 36 , , , 21781 167 37 water water NN 21781 167 38 , , , 21781 167 39 urea urea NNP 21781 167 40 , , , 21781 167 41 and and CC 21781 167 42 smaller small JJR 21781 167 43 quantities quantity NNS 21781 167 44 of of IN 21781 167 45 other other JJ 21781 167 46 substances substance NNS 21781 167 47 . . . 21781 168 1 Section section NN 21781 168 2 13 13 CD 21781 168 3 . . . 21781 169 1 This this DT 21781 169 2 is be VBZ 21781 169 3 the the DT 21781 169 4 roughest rough JJS 21781 169 5 statement statement NN 21781 169 6 of of IN 21781 169 7 the the DT 21781 169 8 case case NN 21781 169 9 possible possible JJ 21781 169 10 , , , 21781 169 11 but but CC 21781 169 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 169 13 will will MD 21781 169 14 give give VB 21781 169 15 the the DT 21781 169 16 general general JJ 21781 169 17 idea idea NN 21781 169 18 underlying underlie VBG 21781 169 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 169 20 next next JJ 21781 169 21 chapters chapter NNS 21781 169 22 . . . 21781 170 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 170 2 shall shall MD 21781 170 3 consider consider VB 21781 170 4 how how WRB 21781 170 5 the the DT 21781 170 6 food food NN 21781 170 7 enters enter VBZ 21781 170 8 the the DT 21781 170 9 body body NN 21781 170 10 and and CC 21781 170 11 is be VBZ 21781 170 12 taken take VBN 21781 170 13 up up RP 21781 170 14 into into IN 21781 170 15 the the DT 21781 170 16 system system NN 21781 170 17 , , , 21781 170 18 how how WRB 21781 170 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 170 20 is be VBZ 21781 170 21 conveyed convey VBN 21781 170 22 to to IN 21781 170 23 the the DT 21781 170 24 muscles muscle NNS 21781 170 25 in in IN 21781 170 26 the the DT 21781 170 27 limbs limb NNS 21781 170 28 , , , 21781 170 29 to to IN 21781 170 30 the the DT 21781 170 31 nerve nerve NN 21781 170 32 centres centre NNS 21781 170 33 , , , 21781 170 34 and and CC 21781 170 35 to to TO 21781 170 36 wherever wherever WRB 21781 170 37 work work NN 21781 170 38 is be VBZ 21781 170 39 done do VBN 21781 170 40 , , , 21781 170 41 to to TO 21781 170 42 be be VB 21781 170 43 there there RB 21781 170 44 decomposed decompose VBN 21781 170 45 and and CC 21781 170 46 partially partially RB 21781 170 47 oxydised oxydise VBN 21781 170 48 , , , 21781 170 49 and and CC 21781 170 50 finally finally RB 21781 170 51 how how WRB 21781 170 52 the the DT 21781 170 53 products product NNS 21781 170 54 of of IN 21781 170 55 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 170 56 activity-- activity-- NN 21781 170 57 the the DT 21781 170 58 katastases katastase NNS 21781 170 59 , , , 21781 170 60 of of IN 21781 170 61 which which WDT 21781 170 62 the the DT 21781 170 63 three three CD 21781 170 64 principal principal NN 21781 170 65 are be VBP 21781 170 66 carbon carbon NN 21781 170 67 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 170 68 , , , 21781 170 69 water water NN 21781 170 70 , , , 21781 170 71 and and CC 21781 170 72 urea-- urea-- , 21781 170 73 are be VBP 21781 170 74 removed remove VBN 21781 170 75 from from IN 21781 170 76 the the DT 21781 170 77 body body NN 21781 170 78 . . . 21781 171 1 Section section NN 21781 171 2 14 14 CD 21781 171 3 . . . 21781 172 1 There there EX 21781 172 2 are be VBP 21781 172 3 one one CD 21781 172 4 or or CC 21781 172 5 two two CD 21781 172 6 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 172 7 modern modern JJ 21781 172 8 terms term NNS 21781 172 9 that that IN 21781 172 10 we -PRON- PRP 21781 172 11 may may MD 21781 172 12 note note VB 21781 172 13 here here RB 21781 172 14 . . . 21781 173 1 This this DT 21781 173 2 decomposition decomposition NN 21781 173 3 of of IN 21781 173 4 unstable unstable JJ 21781 173 5 chemical chemical NN 21781 173 6 compounds compound NNS 21781 173 7 , , , 21781 173 8 releasing release VBG 21781 173 9 energy energy NN 21781 173 10 , , , 21781 173 11 is be VBZ 21781 173 12 called call VBN 21781 173 13 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 173 14 . . . 21781 174 1 A a DT 21781 174 2 reverse reverse JJ 21781 174 3 process process NN 21781 174 4 , , , 21781 174 5 which which WDT 21781 174 6 has have VBZ 21781 174 7 a a DT 21781 174 8 less less RBR 21781 174 9 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 174 10 part part NN 21781 174 11 in in IN 21781 174 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 174 13 first first JJ 21781 174 14 view view NN 21781 174 15 of of IN 21781 174 16 the the DT 21781 174 17 animal animal NN 21781 174 18 's 's POS 21781 174 19 life life NN 21781 174 20 action action NN 21781 174 21 , , , 21781 174 22 by by IN 21781 174 23 which which WDT 21781 174 24 unstable unstable JJ 21781 174 25 compounds compound NNS 21781 174 26 are be VBP 21781 174 27 built build VBN 21781 174 28 up up RP 21781 174 29 and and CC 21781 174 30 energy energy NN 21781 174 31 stored store VBN 21781 174 32 , , , 21781 174 33 is be VBZ 21781 174 34 called call VBN 21781 174 35 anaboly anaboly NNP 21781 174 36 . . . 21781 175 1 The the DT 21781 175 2 katastases katastase NNS 21781 175 3 are be VBP 21781 175 4 the the DT 21781 175 5 products product NNS 21781 175 6 of of IN 21781 175 7 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 175 8 . . . 21781 176 1 Section section NN 21781 176 2 15 15 CD 21781 176 3 . . . 21781 177 1 In in IN 21781 177 2 an an DT 21781 177 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 177 4 animal animal NN 21781 177 5 , , , 21781 177 6 locomotion locomotion NN 21781 177 7 and and CC 21781 177 8 other other JJ 21781 177 9 activity activity NN 21781 177 10 predominate predominate VBP 21781 177 11 over over IN 21781 177 12 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 177 13 processes process NNS 21781 177 14 , , , 21781 177 15 which which WDT 21781 177 16 fact fact NN 21781 177 17 we -PRON- PRP 21781 177 18 may may MD 21781 177 19 express express VB 21781 177 20 , , , 21781 177 21 in in IN 21781 177 22 the the DT 21781 177 23 terms term NNS 21781 177 24 just just RB 21781 177 25 given give VBN 21781 177 26 , , , 21781 177 27 by by IN 21781 177 28 saying say VBG 21781 177 29 that that IN 21781 177 30 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 177 31 prevails prevail VBZ 21781 177 32 over over IN 21781 177 33 anaboly anaboly NNP 21781 177 34 . . . 21781 178 1 An an DT 21781 178 2 animal animal NN 21781 178 3 , , , 21781 178 4 as as IN 21781 178 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 178 6 have have VBP 21781 178 7 just just RB 21781 178 8 explained explain VBN 21781 178 9 , , , 21781 178 10 is be VBZ 21781 178 11 an an DT 21781 178 12 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 178 13 for for IN 21781 178 14 the the DT 21781 178 15 decomposition decomposition NN 21781 178 16 and and CC 21781 178 17 partial partial JJ 21781 178 18 oxydation oxydation NN 21781 178 19 of of IN 21781 178 20 certain certain JJ 21781 178 21 compounds compound NNS 21781 178 22 , , , 21781 178 23 and and CC 21781 178 24 these these DT 21781 178 25 are be VBP 21781 178 26 obtained obtain VBN 21781 178 27 either either CC 21781 178 28 directly directly RB 21781 178 29 or or CC 21781 178 30 indirectly-- indirectly-- VB 21781 178 31 through through IN 21781 178 32 other other JJ 21781 178 33 animals animal NNS 21781 178 34 , , , 21781 178 35 in in IN 21781 178 36 the the DT 21781 178 37 case case NN 21781 178 38 of of IN 21781 178 39 meat meat NN 21781 178 40 - - HYPH 21781 178 41 eaters-- eaters-- NN 21781 178 42 from from IN 21781 178 43 the the DT 21781 178 44 vegetable vegetable JJ 21781 178 45 kingdom kingdom NN 21781 178 46 . . . 21781 179 1 As as IN 21781 179 2 the the DT 21781 179 3 student student NN 21781 179 4 will will MD 21781 179 5 learn learn VB 21781 179 6 early early RB 21781 179 7 in in IN 21781 179 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 179 9 botanical botanical JJ 21781 179 10 reading reading NN 21781 179 11 , , , 21781 179 12 the the DT 21781 179 13 typical typical JJ 21781 179 14 plant plant NN 21781 179 15 has have VBZ 21781 179 16 , , , 21781 179 17 in in IN 21781 179 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 179 19 green green JJ 21781 179 20 colouring colouring NN 21781 179 21 matter matter NN 21781 179 22 , , , 21781 179 23 chlorophyll chlorophyll NNP 21781 179 24 , , , 21781 179 25 a a DT 21781 179 26 trap trap NN 21781 179 27 to to TO 21781 179 28 catch catch VB 21781 179 29 the the DT 21781 179 30 radiating radiate VBG 21781 179 31 energy energy NN 21781 179 32 of of IN 21781 179 33 the the DT 21781 179 34 sun sun NN 21781 179 35 , , , 21781 179 36 and and CC 21781 179 37 to to TO 21781 179 38 accomplish accomplish VB 21781 179 39 , , , 21781 179 40 by by IN 21781 179 41 the the DT 21781 179 42 absorption absorption NN 21781 179 43 of of IN 21781 179 44 that that DT 21781 179 45 energy energy NN 21781 179 46 , , , 21781 179 47 the the DT 21781 179 48 synthesis synthesis NN 21781 179 49 ( ( -LRB- 21781 179 50 building build VBG 21781 179 51 up up RP 21781 179 52 ) ) -RRB- 21781 179 53 of of IN 21781 179 54 those those DT 21781 179 55 organic organic JJ 21781 179 56 compounds compound NNS 21781 179 57 which which WDT 21781 179 58 the the DT 21781 179 59 animal animal NN 21781 179 60 destroys destroy VBZ 21781 179 61 . . . 21781 180 1 The the DT 21781 180 2 typical typical JJ 21781 180 3 plant plant NN 21781 180 4 is be VBZ 21781 180 5 , , , 21781 180 6 on on IN 21781 180 7 whole whole JJ 21781 180 8 , , , 21781 180 9 passive passive JJ 21781 180 10 and and CC 21781 180 11 synthetic synthetic JJ 21781 180 12 , , , 21781 180 13 or or CC 21781 180 14 anabolic anabolic NN 21781 180 15 ; ; : 21781 180 16 the the DT 21781 180 17 typical typical JJ 21781 180 18 animal animal NN 21781 180 19 , , , 21781 180 20 active active JJ 21781 180 21 and and CC 21781 180 22 katabolic katabolic JJ 21781 180 23 ; ; : 21781 180 24 and and CC 21781 180 25 the the DT 21781 180 26 excess excess NN 21781 180 27 of of IN 21781 180 28 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 180 29 over over IN 21781 180 30 anaboly anaboly NNP 21781 180 31 in in IN 21781 180 32 the the DT 21781 180 33 animal animal NN 21781 180 34 is be VBZ 21781 180 35 compensated compensate VBN 21781 180 36 for for IN 21781 180 37 by by IN 21781 180 38 the the DT 21781 180 39 anabolic anabolic NN 21781 180 40 work work NN 21781 180 41 stored store VBN 21781 180 42 up up RP 21781 180 43 , , , 21781 180 44 as as IN 21781 180 45 it -PRON- PRP 21781 180 46 were be VBD 21781 180 47 , , , 21781 180 48 by by IN 21781 180 49 the the DT 21781 180 50 plant plant NN 21781 180 51 , , , 21781 180 52 which which WDT 21781 180 53 is be VBZ 21781 180 54 , , , 21781 180 55 directly directly RB 21781 180 56 or or CC 21781 180 57 indirectly indirectly RB 21781 180 58 , , , 21781 180 59 the the DT 21781 180 60 animal animal NN 21781 180 61 's 's POS 21781 180 62 food food NN 21781 180 63 . . . 21781 181 1 2 2 LS 21781 181 2 . . . 21781 182 1 _ _ NNP 21781 182 2 The the DT 21781 182 3 Alimentary Alimentary NNP 21781 182 4 Canal Canal NNP 21781 182 5 of of IN 21781 182 6 the the DT 21781 182 7 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 182 8 _ _ NNP 21781 182 9 Section Section NNP 21781 182 10 16 16 CD 21781 182 11 . . . 21781 183 1 Figure figure NN 21781 183 2 1 1 CD 21781 183 3 represents represent VBZ 21781 183 4 the the DT 21781 183 5 general general JJ 21781 183 6 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 183 7 of of IN 21781 183 8 the the DT 21781 183 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 183 10 , , , 21781 183 11 but but CC 21781 183 12 is be VBZ 21781 183 13 especially especially RB 21781 183 14 intended intend VBN 21781 183 15 to to TO 21781 183 16 show show VB 21781 183 17 the the DT 21781 183 18 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 183 19 (= (= NNP 21781 183 20 food food NN 21781 183 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 183 22 canal canal NN 21781 183 23 , , , 21781 183 24 shortened shorten VBD 21781 183 25 to to IN 21781 183 26 a a DT 21781 183 27 certain certain JJ 21781 183 28 extent extent NN 21781 183 29 , , , 21781 183 30 and and CC 21781 183 31 with with IN 21781 183 32 the the DT 21781 183 33 proportions proportion NNS 21781 183 34 altered alter VBN 21781 183 35 , , , 21781 183 36 in in IN 21781 183 37 order order NN 21781 183 38 to to TO 21781 183 39 avoid avoid VB 21781 183 40 any any DT 21781 183 41 confusing confusing JJ 21781 183 42 complications complication NNS 21781 183 43 . . . 21781 184 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 184 2 is be VBZ 21781 184 3 evidently evidently RB 21781 184 4 simply simply RB 21781 184 5 a a DT 21781 184 6 coiled coil VBN 21781 184 7 tube-- tube-- NNP 21781 184 8 coiled coil VBN 21781 184 9 for for IN 21781 184 10 the the DT 21781 184 11 sake sake NN 21781 184 12 of of IN 21781 184 13 packing-- packing-- NNP 21781 184 14 with with IN 21781 184 15 occasional occasional JJ 21781 184 16 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 184 17 , , , 21781 184 18 and and CC 21781 184 19 with with IN 21781 184 20 one one CD 21781 184 21 side side NN 21781 184 22 - - HYPH 21781 184 23 shunt shunt NN 21781 184 24 , , , 21781 184 25 the the DT 21781 184 26 caecum caecum NNP 21781 184 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 184 28 cae cae NNP 21781 184 29 . . . 21781 185 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 185 2 , , , 21781 185 3 into into IN 21781 185 4 which which WDT 21781 185 5 the the DT 21781 185 6 food food NN 21781 185 7 enters enter VBZ 21781 185 8 , , , 21781 185 9 and and CC 21781 185 10 is be VBZ 21781 185 11 returned return VBN 21781 185 12 to to IN 21781 185 13 the the DT 21781 185 14 main main JJ 21781 185 15 line line NN 21781 185 16 , , , 21781 185 17 after after IN 21781 185 18 probably probably RB 21781 185 19 absorbent absorbent JJ 21781 185 20 action action NN 21781 185 21 , , , 21781 185 22 imperfectly imperfectly RB 21781 185 23 understood understand VBD 21781 185 24 at at IN 21781 185 25 present present NN 21781 185 26 . . . 21781 186 1 A a DT 21781 186 2 spiral spiral JJ 21781 186 3 fold fold NN 21781 186 4 in in IN 21781 186 5 this this DT 21781 186 6 cul cul NN 21781 186 7 - - HYPH 21781 186 8 de de NN 21781 186 9 - - JJ 21781 186 10 sac sac NN 21781 186 11 { { -LRB- 21781 186 12 bottom bottom JJ 21781 186 13 - - HYPH 21781 186 14 of of IN 21781 186 15 - - HYPH 21781 186 16 sack sack NN 21781 186 17 } } -RRB- 21781 186 18 , , , 21781 186 19 which which WDT 21781 186 20 is be VBZ 21781 186 21 marked mark VBN 21781 186 22 externally externally RB 21781 186 23 by by IN 21781 186 24 constrictions constriction NNS 21781 186 25 , , , 21781 186 26 has have VBZ 21781 186 27 a a DT 21781 186 28 directive directive JJ 21781 186 29 influence influence NN 21781 186 30 on on IN 21781 186 31 the the DT 21781 186 32 circulation circulation NN 21781 186 33 of of IN 21781 186 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 186 35 contents content NNS 21781 186 36 . . . 21781 187 1 The the DT 21781 187 2 student student NN 21781 187 3 should should MD 21781 187 4 sketch sketch VB 21781 187 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 187 6 1 1 CD 21781 187 7 once once RB 21781 187 8 or or CC 21781 187 9 twice twice RB 21781 187 10 , , , 21781 187 11 and and CC 21781 187 12 make make VB 21781 187 13 himself -PRON- PRP 21781 187 14 familiar familiar JJ 21781 187 15 with with IN 21781 187 16 the the DT 21781 187 17 order order NN 21781 187 18 and and CC 21781 187 19 names name NNS 21781 187 20 of of IN 21781 187 21 the the DT 21781 187 22 parts part NNS 21781 187 23 before before IN 21781 187 24 proceeding proceed VBG 21781 187 25 . . . 21781 188 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 188 2 have have VBP 21781 188 3 , , , 21781 188 4 in in IN 21781 188 5 succession succession NN 21781 188 6 , , , 21781 188 7 the the DT 21781 188 8 mouth mouth NN 21781 188 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 188 10 M. M. NNP 21781 188 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 188 12 , , , 21781 188 13 separated separate VBN 21781 188 14 from from IN 21781 188 15 the the DT 21781 188 16 nasal nasal NN 21781 188 17 passage passage NN 21781 188 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 188 19 Na Na NNP 21781 188 20 . . . 21781 188 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 189 1 above above IN 21781 189 2 the the DT 21781 189 3 palate palate NN 21781 189 4 ; ; : 21781 189 5 the the DT 21781 189 6 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 189 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 189 8 ph ph NNP 21781 189 9 . . . 21781 190 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 190 2 , , , 21781 190 3 where where WRB 21781 190 4 the the DT 21781 190 5 right right NN 21781 190 6 and and CC 21781 190 7 left leave VBD 21781 190 8 nasal nasal NN 21781 190 9 passages passage NNS 21781 190 10 open open JJ 21781 190 11 by by IN 21781 190 12 the the DT 21781 190 13 posterior posterior NN 21781 190 14 nares nare VBZ 21781 190 15 into into IN 21781 190 16 the the DT 21781 190 17 mouth mouth NN 21781 190 18 ; ; : 21781 190 19 the the DT 21781 190 20 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 190 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 190 22 oes oes FW 21781 190 23 . . . 21781 191 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 191 2 ; ; : 21781 191 3 the the DT 21781 191 4 bag bag NN 21781 191 5 - - HYPH 21781 191 6 like like JJ 21781 191 7 stomach stomach NN 21781 191 8 , , , 21781 191 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 191 10 left left NN 21781 191 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 191 12 Section section NN 21781 191 13 6 6 CD 21781 191 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 191 15 end end NN 21781 191 16 being be VBG 21781 191 17 called call VBN 21781 191 18 the the DT 21781 191 19 cardiac cardiac NNP 21781 191 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 191 21 cd.st cd.st NNS 21781 191 22 . . . 21781 192 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 192 2 , , , 21781 192 3 and and CC 21781 192 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 192 5 right right NN 21781 192 6 the the DT 21781 192 7 pyloric pyloric JJ 21781 192 8 end end NN 21781 192 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 192 10 py py NNP 21781 192 11 . . . 21781 193 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 193 2 ; ; : 21781 193 3 the the DT 21781 193 4 U U NNP 21781 193 5 - - HYPH 21781 193 6 shaped shape VBN 21781 193 7 duodenum duodenum NNP 21781 193 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 193 9 ddnm ddnm NN 21781 193 10 . . . 21781 193 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 194 1 and and CC 21781 194 2 the the DT 21781 194 3 very very RB 21781 194 4 long long JJ 21781 194 5 and and CC 21781 194 6 greatly greatly RB 21781 194 7 coiled coiled JJ 21781 194 8 ileum ileum NNP 21781 194 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 194 10 il il NNP 21781 194 11 . . . 21781 194 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 194 13 . . . 21781 195 1 The the DT 21781 195 2 duodenum duodenum JJ 21781 195 3 and and CC 21781 195 4 ileum ileum VBP 21781 195 5 together together RB 21781 195 6 form form VBP 21781 195 7 the the DT 21781 195 8 small small JJ 21781 195 9 intestine intestine NN 21781 195 10 ; ; : 21781 195 11 and and CC 21781 195 12 the the DT 21781 195 13 ileum ileum NN 21781 195 14 is be VBZ 21781 195 15 dilated dilate VBN 21781 195 16 at at IN 21781 195 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 195 18 distal distal JJ 21781 195 19 end end NN 21781 195 20 into into IN 21781 195 21 a a DT 21781 195 22 thick thick JJ 21781 195 23 - - HYPH 21781 195 24 walled walled JJ 21781 195 25 sacculus sacculus NN 21781 195 26 rotundus rotundus NNP 21781 195 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 195 28 s.r s.r NNP 21781 195 29 . . . 21781 196 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 196 2 , , , 21781 196 3 beyond beyond IN 21781 196 4 which which WDT 21781 196 5 point point NN 21781 196 6 comes come VBZ 21781 196 7 the the DT 21781 196 8 large large JJ 21781 196 9 intestine intestine NN 21781 196 10 . . . 21781 197 1 The the DT 21781 197 2 colon colon NN 21781 197 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 197 4 co. co. NNP 21781 197 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 197 6 and and CC 21781 197 7 rectum rectum NNP 21781 197 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 197 9 r. r. NNP 21781 197 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 197 11 continue continue VB 21781 197 12 the the DT 21781 197 13 main main JJ 21781 197 14 line line NN 21781 197 15 of of IN 21781 197 16 the the DT 21781 197 17 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 197 18 canal canal NN 21781 197 19 ; ; : 21781 197 20 but but CC 21781 197 21 , , , 21781 197 22 at at IN 21781 197 23 the the DT 21781 197 24 beginning beginning NN 21781 197 25 of of IN 21781 197 26 the the DT 21781 197 27 large large JJ 21781 197 28 intestine intestine NN 21781 197 29 , , , 21781 197 30 there there EX 21781 197 31 is be VBZ 21781 197 32 also also RB 21781 197 33 inserted insert VBN 21781 197 34 a a DT 21781 197 35 great great JJ 21781 197 36 side side NN 21781 197 37 - - HYPH 21781 197 38 shunt shunt NN 21781 197 39 , , , 21781 197 40 the the DT 21781 197 41 caecum caecum NNP 21781 197 42 ( ( -LRB- 21781 197 43 cae cae NNP 21781 197 44 . . . 21781 198 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 198 2 , , , 21781 198 3 ending end VBG 21781 198 4 blindly blindly RB 21781 198 5 in in IN 21781 198 6 a a DT 21781 198 7 fleshy fleshy NN 21781 198 8 vermiform vermiform NN 21781 198 9 appendix appendix NNP 21781 198 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 198 11 v.ap v.ap NNP 21781 198 12 . . . 21781 198 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 198 14 . . . 21781 199 1 The the DT 21781 199 2 figure figure NN 21781 199 3 will will MD 21781 199 4 indicate indicate VB 21781 199 5 how how WRB 21781 199 6 the the DT 21781 199 7 parts part NNS 21781 199 8 are be VBP 21781 199 9 related relate VBN 21781 199 10 better well RBR 21781 199 11 than than IN 21781 199 12 any any DT 21781 199 13 verbal verbal JJ 21781 199 14 description description NN 21781 199 15 can can MD 21781 199 16 . . . 21781 200 1 Between between IN 21781 200 2 the the DT 21781 200 3 coiling coil VBG 21781 200 4 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 200 5 tube tube NN 21781 200 6 and and CC 21781 200 7 the the DT 21781 200 8 body body NN 21781 200 9 walls wall NNS 21781 200 10 is be VBZ 21781 200 11 a a DT 21781 200 12 space space NN 21781 200 13 , , , 21781 200 14 into into IN 21781 200 15 which which WDT 21781 200 16 the the DT 21781 200 17 student student NN 21781 200 18 cuts cut VBZ 21781 200 19 when when WRB 21781 200 20 he -PRON- PRP 21781 200 21 begins begin VBZ 21781 200 22 dissecting dissect VBG 21781 200 23 ; ; : 21781 200 24 this this DT 21781 200 25 is be VBZ 21781 200 26 the the DT 21781 200 27 peritoneal peritoneal JJ 21781 200 28 cavity cavity NN 21781 200 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 200 30 pt pt UH 21781 200 31 . . . 21781 200 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 200 33 . . . 21781 201 1 A a DT 21781 201 2 thin thin JJ 21781 201 3 , , , 21781 201 4 transparent transparent JJ 21781 201 5 membrane membrane NN 21781 201 6 , , , 21781 201 7 the the DT 21781 201 8 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 201 9 , , , 21781 201 10 holds hold VBZ 21781 201 11 the the DT 21781 201 12 intestines intestine NNS 21781 201 13 in in IN 21781 201 14 place place NN 21781 201 15 , , , 21781 201 16 and and CC 21781 201 17 binds bind VBZ 21781 201 18 them -PRON- PRP 21781 201 19 to to IN 21781 201 20 the the DT 21781 201 21 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 201 22 wall wall NN 21781 201 23 of of IN 21781 201 24 this this DT 21781 201 25 peritoneal peritoneal JJ 21781 201 26 space space NN 21781 201 27 . . . 21781 202 1 Section section NN 21781 202 2 17 17 CD 21781 202 3 . . . 21781 203 1 The the DT 21781 203 2 food food NN 21781 203 3 stuffs stuff NNS 21781 203 4 of of IN 21781 203 5 an an DT 21781 203 6 animal animal NN 21781 203 7 , , , 21781 203 8 the the DT 21781 203 9 unstable unstable JJ 21781 203 10 compounds compound NNS 21781 203 11 destined destine VBN 21781 203 12 ultimately ultimately RB 21781 203 13 to to TO 21781 203 14 be be VB 21781 203 15 worked work VBN 21781 203 16 into into IN 21781 203 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 203 18 life life NN 21781 203 19 , , , 21781 203 20 and and CC 21781 203 21 to to TO 21781 203 22 leave leave VB 21781 203 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 203 24 again again RB 21781 203 25 in in IN 21781 203 26 the the DT 21781 203 27 form form NN 21781 203 28 of of IN 21781 203 29 katastases katastase NNS 21781 203 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 203 31 Section section NN 21781 203 32 13 13 CD 21781 203 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 203 34 , , , 21781 203 35 fall fall VB 21781 203 36 into into IN 21781 203 37 two two CD 21781 203 38 main main JJ 21781 203 39 divisions division NNS 21781 203 40 . . . 21781 204 1 The the DT 21781 204 2 first first JJ 21781 204 3 of of IN 21781 204 4 these these DT 21781 204 5 includes include VBZ 21781 204 6 the the DT 21781 204 7 non non JJ 21781 204 8 - - JJ 21781 204 9 nitrogenous nitrogenous JJ 21781 204 10 food food NN 21781 204 11 stuffs stuff NNS 21781 204 12 , , , 21781 204 13 containing contain VBG 21781 204 14 either either CC 21781 204 15 carbon carbon NN 21781 204 16 together together RB 21781 204 17 with with IN 21781 204 18 hydrogen hydrogen NN 21781 204 19 and and CC 21781 204 20 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 204 21 in in IN 21781 204 22 the the DT 21781 204 23 proportion proportion NN 21781 204 24 of of IN 21781 204 25 H2O h2o NN 21781 204 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 204 27 the the DT 21781 204 28 carbo carbo NN 21781 204 29 - - HYPH 21781 204 30 hydrates hydrate NNS 21781 204 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 204 32 , , , 21781 204 33 or or CC 21781 204 34 carbon carbon NN 21781 204 35 and and CC 21781 204 36 hydrogen hydrogen NN 21781 204 37 without without IN 21781 204 38 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 204 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 204 40 the the DT 21781 204 41 hydrocarbons hydrocarbon NNS 21781 204 42 ) ) -RRB- 21781 204 43 . . . 21781 205 1 The the DT 21781 205 2 second second JJ 21781 205 3 division division NN 21781 205 4 consists consist VBZ 21781 205 5 of of IN 21781 205 6 the the DT 21781 205 7 nitrogenous nitrogenous JJ 21781 205 8 materials material NNS 21781 205 9 , , , 21781 205 10 containing contain VBG 21781 205 11 also also RB 21781 205 12 carbon carbon NN 21781 205 13 , , , 21781 205 14 hydrogen hydrogen NN 21781 205 15 , , , 21781 205 16 a a DT 21781 205 17 certain certain JJ 21781 205 18 amount amount NN 21781 205 19 of of IN 21781 205 20 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 205 21 , , , 21781 205 22 sulphur sulphur NNP 21781 205 23 , , , 21781 205 24 and and CC 21781 205 25 possibly possibly RB 21781 205 26 other other JJ 21781 205 27 elements element NNS 21781 205 28 . . . 21781 206 1 Among among IN 21781 206 2 the the DT 21781 206 3 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS 21781 206 4 , , , 21781 206 5 the the DT 21781 206 6 commonest common JJS 21781 206 7 are be VBP 21781 206 8 starch starch NN 21781 206 9 and and CC 21781 206 10 cellulose cellulose NN 21781 206 11 , , , 21781 206 12 which which WDT 21781 206 13 are be VBP 21781 206 14 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 206 15 bodies body NNS 21781 206 16 , , , 21781 206 17 and and CC 21781 206 18 sugar sugar NN 21781 206 19 , , , 21781 206 20 which which WDT 21781 206 21 is be VBZ 21781 206 22 soluble soluble JJ 21781 206 23 . . . 21781 207 1 The the DT 21781 207 2 hydrocarbons hydrocarbon NNS 21781 207 3 , , , 21781 207 4 fats fat NNS 21781 207 5 , , , 21781 207 6 oils oil NNS 21781 207 7 , , , 21781 207 8 and and CC 21781 207 9 so so RB 21781 207 10 on on RB 21781 207 11 , , , 21781 207 12 form form VB 21781 207 13 a a DT 21781 207 14 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 207 15 small small JJ 21781 207 16 proportion proportion NN 21781 207 17 of of IN 21781 207 18 the the DT 21781 207 19 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 207 20 's 's POS 21781 207 21 diet diet NN 21781 207 22 ; ; : 21781 207 23 the the DT 21781 207 24 proverb proverb NN 21781 207 25 of of IN 21781 207 26 " " `` 21781 207 27 oil oil NN 21781 207 28 and and CC 21781 207 29 water water NN 21781 207 30 " " '' 21781 207 31 will will MD 21781 207 32 remind remind VB 21781 207 33 the the DT 21781 207 34 student student NN 21781 207 35 that that IN 21781 207 36 these these DT 21781 207 37 are be VBP 21781 207 38 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 207 39 . . . 21781 208 1 The the DT 21781 208 2 nitrogenous nitrogenous JJ 21781 208 3 bodies body NNS 21781 208 4 have have VBP 21781 208 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 208 6 type type NN 21781 208 7 in in IN 21781 208 8 the the DT 21781 208 9 albumen albuman NNS 21781 208 10 of of IN 21781 208 11 an an DT 21781 208 12 egg egg NN 21781 208 13 ; ; : 21781 208 14 and and CC 21781 208 15 muscle muscle NN 21781 208 16 substance substance NN 21781 208 17 and and CC 21781 208 18 the the DT 21781 208 19 less less RBR 21781 208 20 modified modified JJ 21781 208 21 living live VBG 21781 208 22 " " `` 21781 208 23 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 208 24 " " '' 21781 208 25 of of IN 21781 208 26 plants plant NNS 21781 208 27 , , , 21781 208 28 a a DT 21781 208 29 considerable considerable JJ 21781 208 30 proportion proportion NN 21781 208 31 of of IN 21781 208 32 the the DT 21781 208 33 substance substance NN 21781 208 34 of of IN 21781 208 35 seeds seed NNS 21781 208 36 , , , 21781 208 37 bulbs bulb NNS 21781 208 38 , , , 21781 208 39 and and CC 21781 208 40 so so RB 21781 208 41 on on RB 21781 208 42 , , , 21781 208 43 are be VBP 21781 208 44 albuminous albuminous JJ 21781 208 45 bodies body NNS 21781 208 46 , , , 21781 208 47 or or CC 21781 208 48 proteids proteid NNS 21781 208 49 . . . 21781 209 1 These these DT 21781 209 2 also also RB 21781 209 3 are be VBP 21781 209 4 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 209 5 bodies body NNS 21781 209 6 , , , 21781 209 7 or or CC 21781 209 8 when when WRB 21781 209 9 soluble soluble JJ 21781 209 10 , , , 21781 209 11 will will MD 21781 209 12 not not RB 21781 209 13 diffuse diffuse VB 21781 209 14 easily easily RB 21781 209 15 through through IN 21781 209 16 animal animal NN 21781 209 17 membranes membrane NNS 21781 209 18 . . . 21781 210 1 Section section NN 21781 210 2 18 18 CD 21781 210 3 . . . 21781 211 1 Now now RB 21781 211 2 the the DT 21781 211 3 essential essential JJ 21781 211 4 problem problem NN 21781 211 5 which which WDT 21781 211 6 the the DT 21781 211 7 digestive digestive JJ 21781 211 8 canal canal NN 21781 211 9 of of IN 21781 211 10 the the DT 21781 211 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 211 12 solves solve VBZ 21781 211 13 is be VBZ 21781 211 14 to to TO 21781 211 15 get get VB 21781 211 16 these these DT 21781 211 17 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 211 18 , , , 21781 211 19 or or CC 21781 211 20 quasi quasi JJ 21781 211 21 - - JJ 21781 211 22 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 211 23 , , , 21781 211 24 bodies body NNS 21781 211 25 into into IN 21781 211 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 211 27 blood blood NN 21781 211 28 and and CC 21781 211 29 system system NN 21781 211 30 . . . 21781 212 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 212 2 have have VBP 21781 212 3 to to TO 21781 212 4 pass pass VB 21781 212 5 somehow somehow RB 21781 212 6 into into IN 21781 212 7 the the DT 21781 212 8 circulation circulation NN 21781 212 9 through through IN 21781 212 10 the the DT 21781 212 11 walls wall NNS 21781 212 12 of of IN 21781 212 13 the the DT 21781 212 14 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 212 15 canal canal NN 21781 212 16 . . . 21781 213 1 In in IN 21781 213 2 order order NN 21781 213 3 that that IN 21781 213 4 a a DT 21781 213 5 compound compound NN 21781 213 6 should should MD 21781 213 7 diffuse diffuse VB 21781 213 8 through through IN 21781 213 9 a a DT 21781 213 10 membrane membrane NN 21781 213 11 , , , 21781 213 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 213 13 must must MD 21781 213 14 be be VB 21781 213 15 both both DT 21781 213 16 soluble soluble JJ 21781 213 17 and and CC 21781 213 18 diffusible diffusible JJ 21781 213 19 , , , 21781 213 20 and and CC 21781 213 21 therefore therefore RB 21781 213 22 an an DT 21781 213 23 essential essential JJ 21781 213 24 preliminary preliminary NN 21781 213 25 to to IN 21781 213 26 the the DT 21781 213 27 absorption absorption NN 21781 213 28 of of IN 21781 213 29 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 213 30 matter matter NN 21781 213 31 is be VBZ 21781 213 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 213 33 conversion conversion NN 21781 213 34 into into IN 21781 213 35 a a DT 21781 213 36 diffusible diffusible JJ 21781 213 37 soluble soluble JJ 21781 213 38 form form NN 21781 213 39 . . . 21781 214 1 This this DT 21781 214 2 is be VBZ 21781 214 3 effected effect VBN 21781 214 4 by by IN 21781 214 5 certain certain JJ 21781 214 6 fluids fluid NNS 21781 214 7 , , , 21781 214 8 formed form VBN 21781 214 9 either either CC 21781 214 10 by by IN 21781 214 11 the the DT 21781 214 12 walls wall NNS 21781 214 13 of of IN 21781 214 14 the the DT 21781 214 15 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 214 16 canal canal NN 21781 214 17 or or CC 21781 214 18 by by IN 21781 214 19 certain certain JJ 21781 214 20 organs organ NNS 21781 214 21 called call VBN 21781 214 22 glands gland NNS 21781 214 23 , , , 21781 214 24 which which WDT 21781 214 25 open open JJ 21781 214 26 by by IN 21781 214 27 ducts duct NNS 21781 214 28 into into IN 21781 214 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 214 30 ; ; : 21781 214 31 all all PDT 21781 214 32 these these DT 21781 214 33 fluids fluid NNS 21781 214 34 contain contain VBP 21781 214 35 small small JJ 21781 214 36 quantities quantity NNS 21781 214 37 of of IN 21781 214 38 organic organic JJ 21781 214 39 compounds compound NNS 21781 214 40 of of IN 21781 214 41 the the DT 21781 214 42 class class NN 21781 214 43 called call VBN 21781 214 44 ferments ferment NNS 21781 214 45 , , , 21781 214 46 and and CC 21781 214 47 these these DT 21781 214 48 are be VBP 21781 214 49 the the DT 21781 214 50 active active JJ 21781 214 51 agents agent NNS 21781 214 52 in in IN 21781 214 53 the the DT 21781 214 54 change change NN 21781 214 55 . . . 21781 215 1 The the DT 21781 215 2 soluble soluble JJ 21781 215 3 form form NN 21781 215 4 of of IN 21781 215 5 the the DT 21781 215 6 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS 21781 215 7 is be VBZ 21781 215 8 sugar sugar NN 21781 215 9 ; ; : 21781 215 10 proteids proteid NNS 21781 215 11 can can MD 21781 215 12 be be VB 21781 215 13 changed change VBN 21781 215 14 into into IN 21781 215 15 the the DT 21781 215 16 , , , 21781 215 17 of of IN 21781 215 18 course course NN 21781 215 19 , , , 21781 215 20 chemically chemically RB 21781 215 21 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 215 22 but but CC 21781 215 23 soluble soluble JJ 21781 215 24 and and CC 21781 215 25 diffusible diffusible JJ 21781 215 26 the the DT 21781 215 27 peptones peptone NNS 21781 215 28 ; ; : 21781 215 29 and and CC 21781 215 30 fats fat NNS 21781 215 31 and and CC 21781 215 32 oils oil NNS 21781 215 33 undergo undergo VBP 21781 215 34 a a DT 21781 215 35 more more RBR 21781 215 36 complicated complicated JJ 21781 215 37 , , , 21781 215 38 but but CC 21781 215 39 finally finally RB 21781 215 40 similar similar JJ 21781 215 41 change change NN 21781 215 42 . . . 21781 216 1 Section section NN 21781 216 2 19 19 CD 21781 216 3 . . . 21781 217 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 217 2 shall shall MD 21781 217 3 discuss discuss VB 21781 217 4 the the DT 21781 217 5 structure structure NN 21781 217 6 and and CC 21781 217 7 action action NN 21781 217 8 of of IN 21781 217 9 -a -a HYPH 21781 217 10 gland- gland- NN 21781 217 11 [ [ -LRB- 21781 217 12 glands gland VBZ 21781 217 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 217 14 a a DT 21781 217 15 little little RB 21781 217 16 more more RBR 21781 217 17 fully fully RB 21781 217 18 in in IN 21781 217 19 a a DT 21781 217 20 subsequent subsequent JJ 21781 217 21 chapter chapter NN 21781 217 22 . . . 21781 218 1 Here here RB 21781 218 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 218 3 will will MD 21781 218 4 simply simply RB 21781 218 5 say say VB 21781 218 6 that that IN 21781 218 7 they -PRON- PRP 21781 218 8 are be VBP 21781 218 9 organs organ NNS 21781 218 10 forming form VBG 21781 218 11 each each DT 21781 218 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 218 13 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 218 14 fluid fluid NN 21781 218 15 or or CC 21781 218 16 secretion secretion NN 21781 218 17 , , , 21781 218 18 and and CC 21781 218 19 sending send VBG 21781 218 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 218 21 by by IN 21781 218 22 a a DT 21781 218 23 conduit conduit NN 21781 218 24 , , , 21781 218 25 the the DT 21781 218 26 duct duct NN 21781 218 27 , , , 21781 218 28 to to IN 21781 218 29 the the DT 21781 218 30 point point NN 21781 218 31 where where WRB 21781 218 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 218 33 presence presence NN 21781 218 34 is be VBZ 21781 218 35 required require VBN 21781 218 36 . . . 21781 219 1 The the DT 21781 219 2 saliva saliva NN 21781 219 3 in in IN 21781 219 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 219 5 mouths mouth NNS 21781 219 6 , , , 21781 219 7 tears tear NNS 21781 219 8 , , , 21781 219 9 and and CC 21781 219 10 perspiration perspiration NN 21781 219 11 , , , 21781 219 12 are be VBP 21781 219 13 examples example NNS 21781 219 14 of of IN 21781 219 15 the the DT 21781 219 16 secretions secretion NNS 21781 219 17 of of IN 21781 219 18 glands gland NNS 21781 219 19 . . . 21781 220 1 Section section NN 21781 220 2 20 20 CD 21781 220 3 . . . 21781 221 1 In in IN 21781 221 2 the the DT 21781 221 3 month month NN 21781 221 4 of of IN 21781 221 5 the the DT 21781 221 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 221 7 the the DT 21781 221 8 food food NN 21781 221 9 is be VBZ 21781 221 10 acted act VBN 21781 221 11 upon upon IN 21781 221 12 by by IN 21781 221 13 the the DT 21781 221 14 teeth tooth NNS 21781 221 15 and and CC 21781 221 16 saliva saliva NN 21781 221 17 . . . 21781 222 1 The the DT 21781 222 2 saliva saliva NN 21781 222 3 contains contain VBZ 21781 222 4 ptyalin ptyalin NNP 21781 222 5 , , , 21781 222 6 a a DT 21781 222 7 ferment ferment NN 21781 222 8 converting convert VBG 21781 222 9 starch starch NN 21781 222 10 into into IN 21781 222 11 sugar sugar NN 21781 222 12 , , , 21781 222 13 and and CC 21781 222 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 222 15 also also RB 21781 222 16 serves serve VBZ 21781 222 17 to to TO 21781 222 18 moisten moisten VB 21781 222 19 the the DT 21781 222 20 food food NN 21781 222 21 as as IN 21781 222 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 222 23 is be VBZ 21781 222 24 ground grind VBN 21781 222 25 up up RP 21781 222 26 by by IN 21781 222 27 the the DT 21781 222 28 cheek cheek NN 21781 222 29 teeth tooth NNS 21781 222 30 . . . 21781 223 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 223 2 does do VBZ 21781 223 3 not not RB 21781 223 4 act act VB 21781 223 5 on on IN 21781 223 6 fat fat NN 21781 223 7 to to IN 21781 223 8 any any DT 21781 223 9 appreciable appreciable JJ 21781 223 10 extent extent NN 21781 223 11 . . . 21781 224 1 The the DT 21781 224 2 teeth tooth NNS 21781 224 3 of of IN 21781 224 4 the the DT 21781 224 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 224 6 are be VBP 21781 224 7 shown show VBN 21781 224 8 in in IN 21781 224 9 Figure Figure NNP 21781 224 10 XVIII XVIII NNP 21781 224 11 . . . 21781 224 12 , , , 21781 224 13 Sheet sheet NN 21781 224 14 4 4 CD 21781 224 15 . . . 21781 225 1 The the DT 21781 225 2 incisor incisor NN 21781 225 3 teeth tooth NNS 21781 225 4 in in IN 21781 225 5 front front NN 21781 225 6 , , , 21781 225 7 two two CD 21781 225 8 pairs pair NNS 21781 225 9 above above IN 21781 225 10 and and CC 21781 225 11 one one CD 21781 225 12 pair pair NN 21781 225 13 below below IN 21781 225 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 225 15 i. i. NN 21781 226 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 226 2 , , , 21781 226 3 are be VBP 21781 226 4 simply simply RB 21781 226 5 employed employ VBN 21781 226 6 in in IN 21781 226 7 grasping grasp VBG 21781 226 8 the the DT 21781 226 9 food food NN 21781 226 10 ; ; : 21781 226 11 the the DT 21781 226 12 cheek cheek NN 21781 226 13 teeth-- teeth-- VBP 21781 226 14 the the DT 21781 226 15 premolars premolar NNS 21781 226 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 226 17 pm pm NN 21781 226 18 . . . 21781 226 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 227 1 and and CC 21781 227 2 molars molars NNP 21781 227 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 227 4 m. m. NN 21781 227 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 227 6 behind-- behind-- VB 21781 227 7 triturate triturate VB 21781 227 8 the the DT 21781 227 9 food food NN 21781 227 10 by by IN 21781 227 11 a a DT 21781 227 12 complicated complicated JJ 21781 227 13 motion motion NN 21781 227 14 over over IN 21781 227 15 each each DT 21781 227 16 . . . 21781 228 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 228 2 crowns crown NNS 21781 228 3 are be VBP 21781 228 4 flat flat JJ 21781 228 5 for for IN 21781 228 6 this this DT 21781 228 7 purpose purpose NN 21781 228 8 , , , 21781 228 9 with with IN 21781 228 10 harder hard JJR 21781 228 11 ridges ridge NNS 21781 228 12 running run VBG 21781 228 13 across across IN 21781 228 14 them -PRON- PRP 21781 228 15 . . . 21781 229 1 Section section NN 21781 229 2 21 21 CD 21781 229 3 . . . 21781 230 1 This this DT 21781 230 2 grinding grind VBG 21781 230 3 up up RP 21781 230 4 of of IN 21781 230 5 the the DT 21781 230 6 food food NN 21781 230 7 in in IN 21781 230 8 the the DT 21781 230 9 mouth mouth NN 21781 230 10 invariably invariably RB 21781 230 11 occurs occur VBZ 21781 230 12 in in IN 21781 230 13 herbivorous herbivorous JJ 21781 230 14 animals animal NNS 21781 230 15 , , , 21781 230 16 where where WRB 21781 230 17 there there EX 21781 230 18 is be VBZ 21781 230 19 a a DT 21781 230 20 considerable considerable JJ 21781 230 21 amount amount NN 21781 230 22 of of IN 21781 230 23 starch starch NN 21781 230 24 and and CC 21781 230 25 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 230 26 little little JJ 21781 230 27 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon NN 21781 230 28 in in IN 21781 230 29 the the DT 21781 230 30 food food NN 21781 230 31 . . . 21781 231 1 By by IN 21781 231 2 finely finely RB 21781 231 3 dividing divide VBG 21781 231 4 the the DT 21781 231 5 food food NN 21781 231 6 , , , 21781 231 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 231 8 ensures ensure VBZ 21781 231 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 231 10 intimate intimate JJ 21781 231 11 contact contact NN 21781 231 12 with with IN 21781 231 13 the the DT 21781 231 14 digestive digestive JJ 21781 231 15 ferment ferment NN 21781 231 16 , , , 21781 231 17 ptyalin ptyalin NNP 21781 231 18 . . . 21781 232 1 In in IN 21781 232 2 such such JJ 21781 232 3 meat meat NN 21781 232 4 - - HYPH 21781 232 5 eaters eater NNS 21781 232 6 as as IN 21781 232 7 the the DT 21781 232 8 cat cat NN 21781 232 9 and and CC 21781 232 10 dog dog NN 21781 232 11 , , , 21781 232 12 where where WRB 21781 232 13 little little JJ 21781 232 14 starchy starchy JJ 21781 232 15 matter matter NN 21781 232 16 and and CC 21781 232 17 much much JJ 21781 232 18 fat fat NN 21781 232 19 is be VBZ 21781 232 20 taken take VBN 21781 232 21 , , , 21781 232 22 the the DT 21781 232 23 saliva saliva NN 21781 232 24 is be VBZ 21781 232 25 , , , 21781 232 26 of of IN 21781 232 27 course course NN 21781 232 28 , , , 21781 232 29 of of IN 21781 232 30 less less JJR 21781 232 31 importance importance NN 21781 232 32 , , , 21781 232 33 and and CC 21781 232 34 this this DT 21781 232 35 mastication mastication NN 21781 232 36 does do VBZ 21781 232 37 not not RB 21781 232 38 occur occur VB 21781 232 39 . . . 21781 233 1 The the DT 21781 233 2 cheek cheek NN 21781 233 3 teeth tooth NNS 21781 233 4 of of IN 21781 233 5 a a DT 21781 233 6 dog dog NN 21781 233 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 233 8 { { -LRB- 21781 233 9 Section section NN 21781 233 10 91 91 CD 21781 233 11 } } -RRB- 21781 233 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 233 13 , , , 21781 233 14 and and CC 21781 233 15 more more RBR 21781 233 16 so so RB 21781 233 17 of of IN 21781 233 18 a a DT 21781 233 19 cat cat NN 21781 233 20 , , , 21781 233 21 are be VBP 21781 233 22 sharp sharp JJ 21781 233 23 , , , 21781 233 24 and and CC 21781 233 25 used use VBN 21781 233 26 for for IN 21781 233 27 gnawing gnaw VBG 21781 233 28 off off RP 21781 233 29 fragments fragment NNS 21781 233 30 of of IN 21781 233 31 food food NN 21781 233 32 , , , 21781 233 33 which which WDT 21781 233 34 are be VBP 21781 233 35 swallowed swallow VBN 21781 233 36 at at IN 21781 233 37 once once RB 21781 233 38 . . . 21781 234 1 Between between IN 21781 234 2 the the DT 21781 234 3 incisors incisor NNS 21781 234 4 and and CC 21781 234 5 premolars premolar NNS 21781 234 6 of of IN 21781 234 7 a a DT 21781 234 8 dog dog NN 21781 234 9 come come VBN 21781 234 10 the the DT 21781 234 11 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 234 12 biting biting NN 21781 234 13 teeth tooth NNS 21781 234 14 , , , 21781 234 15 or or CC 21781 234 16 canines canine NNS 21781 234 17 , , , 21781 234 18 absent absent JJ 21781 234 19 in in IN 21781 234 20 the the DT 21781 234 21 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 234 22 . . . 21781 235 1 Section section NN 21781 235 2 22 22 CD 21781 235 3 . . . 21781 236 1 The the DT 21781 236 2 student student NN 21781 236 3 will will MD 21781 236 4 probably probably RB 21781 236 5 ask ask VB 21781 236 6 why why WRB 21781 236 7 the the DT 21781 236 8 cheek cheek NN 21781 236 9 teeth tooth NNS 21781 236 10 , , , 21781 236 11 which which WDT 21781 236 12 are be VBP 21781 236 13 all all RB 21781 236 14 similar similar JJ 21781 236 15 in in IN 21781 236 16 appearance appearance NN 21781 236 17 , , , 21781 236 18 are be VBP 21781 236 19 divided divide VBN 21781 236 20 into into IN 21781 236 21 premolars premolar NNS 21781 236 22 and and CC 21781 236 23 molars molar NNS 21781 236 24 . . . 21781 237 1 The the DT 21781 237 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 237 3 has have VBZ 21781 237 4 a a DT 21781 237 5 set set NN 21781 237 6 of of IN 21781 237 7 milk milk NN 21781 237 8 molars-- molars-- NN 21781 237 9 a a DT 21781 237 10 milk milk NN 21781 237 11 dentition-- dentition-- NN 21781 237 12 which which WDT 21781 237 13 are be VBP 21781 237 14 followed follow VBN 21781 237 15 by by IN 21781 237 16 the the DT 21781 237 17 permanent permanent JJ 21781 237 18 teeth tooth NNS 21781 237 19 , , , 21781 237 20 just just RB 21781 237 21 as as IN 21781 237 22 in in IN 21781 237 23 man man NN 21781 237 24 . . . 21781 238 1 Those those DT 21781 238 2 cheek cheek NN 21781 238 3 teeth tooth NNS 21781 238 4 of of IN 21781 238 5 the the DT 21781 238 6 second second JJ 21781 238 7 set set NN 21781 238 8 , , , 21781 238 9 which which WDT 21781 238 10 have have VBP 21781 238 11 predecessors predecessor NNS 21781 238 12 in in IN 21781 238 13 the the DT 21781 238 14 first first JJ 21781 238 15 series series NN 21781 238 16 , , , 21781 238 17 are be VBP 21781 238 18 called call VBN 21781 238 19 premolars premolar NNS 21781 238 20 ; ; : 21781 238 21 the the DT 21781 238 22 ones one NNS 21781 238 23 posterior posterior RB 21781 238 24 to to IN 21781 238 25 these these DT 21781 238 26 are be VBP 21781 238 27 the the DT 21781 238 28 molars molar NNS 21781 238 29 . . . 21781 239 1 Section section NN 21781 239 2 23 23 CD 21781 239 3 . . . 21781 240 1 After after IN 21781 240 2 mastication mastication NN 21781 240 3 , , , 21781 240 4 the the DT 21781 240 5 food food NN 21781 240 6 is be VBZ 21781 240 7 worked work VBN 21781 240 8 by by IN 21781 240 9 the the DT 21781 240 10 tongue tongue NN 21781 240 11 and and CC 21781 240 12 cheeks cheek NNS 21781 240 13 into into IN 21781 240 14 a a DT 21781 240 15 saliva saliva NN 21781 240 16 - - HYPH 21781 240 17 soaked soak VBN 21781 240 18 " " `` 21781 240 19 bolus bolus NN 21781 240 20 " " '' 21781 240 21 and and CC 21781 240 22 swallowed swallow VBD 21781 240 23 . . . 21781 241 1 The the DT 21781 241 2 passage passage NN 21781 241 3 down down IN 21781 241 4 the the DT 21781 241 5 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 241 6 is be VBZ 21781 241 7 called call VBN 21781 241 8 deglutition deglutition NN 21781 241 9 . . . 21781 242 1 In in IN 21781 242 2 the the DT 21781 242 3 stomach stomach NN 21781 242 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 242 5 comes come VBZ 21781 242 6 under under IN 21781 242 7 the the DT 21781 242 8 influence influence NN 21781 242 9 of of IN 21781 242 10 the the DT 21781 242 11 gastric gastric JJ 21781 242 12 juice juice NN 21781 242 13 , , , 21781 242 14 formed form VBN 21781 242 15 in in IN 21781 242 16 little little JJ 21781 242 17 glandular glandular JJ 21781 242 18 pits pit NNS 21781 242 19 in in IN 21781 242 20 the the DT 21781 242 21 stomach stomach NN 21781 242 22 wall-- wall-- NNP 21781 242 23 the the DT 21781 242 24 gastric gastric JJ 21781 242 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 242 26 Figure figure NN 21781 242 27 VIII viii NN 21781 242 28 . . . 21781 243 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 243 2 3 3 CD 21781 243 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 243 4 and and CC 21781 243 5 pyloric pyloric NN 21781 243 6 glands gland NNS 21781 243 7 . . . 21781 244 1 This this DT 21781 244 2 fluid fluid NN 21781 244 3 is be VBZ 21781 244 4 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 244 5 acid acid JJ 21781 244 6 , , , 21781 244 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 244 8 acidity acidity NN 21781 244 9 being be VBG 21781 244 10 due due JJ 21781 244 11 to to IN 21781 244 12 about about RB 21781 244 13 one one CD 21781 244 14 - - HYPH 21781 244 15 tenth tenth NN 21781 244 16 per per IN 21781 244 17 cent cent NN 21781 244 18 { { -LRB- 21781 244 19 of of IN 21781 244 20 a a DT 21781 244 21 hundred hundred CD 21781 244 22 } } -RRB- 21781 244 23 of of IN 21781 244 24 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 21781 244 25 acid acid NN 21781 244 26 , , , 21781 244 27 and and CC 21781 244 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 244 29 therefore therefore RB 21781 244 30 stops stop VBZ 21781 244 31 any any DT 21781 244 32 further further JJ 21781 244 33 action action NN 21781 244 34 of of IN 21781 244 35 the the DT 21781 244 36 ptyalin ptyalin NN 21781 244 37 , , , 21781 244 38 which which WDT 21781 244 39 can can MD 21781 244 40 act act VB 21781 244 41 only only RB 21781 244 42 on on IN 21781 244 43 neutral neutral JJ 21781 244 44 or or CC 21781 244 45 slightly slightly RB 21781 244 46 alkaline alkaline VB 21781 244 47 fluids fluid NNS 21781 244 48 . . . 21781 245 1 The the DT 21781 245 2 gastric gastric JJ 21781 245 3 juice juice NN 21781 245 4 does do VBZ 21781 245 5 not not RB 21781 245 6 act act VB 21781 245 7 on on IN 21781 245 8 carbo carbo NN 21781 245 9 - - HYPH 21781 245 10 hydrates hydrate NNS 21781 245 11 or or CC 21781 245 12 hydrocarbons hydrocarbon NNS 21781 245 13 to to IN 21781 245 14 any any DT 21781 245 15 very very RB 21781 245 16 noticeable noticeable JJ 21781 245 17 degree degree NN 21781 245 18 . . . 21781 246 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 246 2 essential essential JJ 21781 246 3 property property NN 21781 246 4 is be VBZ 21781 246 5 the the DT 21781 246 6 conversion conversion NN 21781 246 7 of of IN 21781 246 8 proteids proteid NNS 21781 246 9 into into IN 21781 246 10 peptones peptone NNS 21781 246 11 , , , 21781 246 12 and and CC 21781 246 13 the the DT 21781 246 14 ferment ferment NN 21781 246 15 by by IN 21781 246 16 which which WDT 21781 246 17 this this DT 21781 246 18 is be VBZ 21781 246 19 effected effect VBN 21781 246 20 is be VBZ 21781 246 21 called call VBN 21781 246 22 pepsin pepsin NNP 21781 246 23 . . . 21781 247 1 Milk milk NN 21781 247 2 contains contain VBZ 21781 247 3 a a DT 21781 247 4 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 247 5 soluble soluble JJ 21781 247 6 proteid proteid NN 21781 247 7 , , , 21781 247 8 called call VBD 21781 247 9 casein casein NNP 21781 247 10 , , , 21781 247 11 which which WDT 21781 247 12 is be VBZ 21781 247 13 precipitated precipitate VBN 21781 247 14 by by IN 21781 247 15 a a DT 21781 247 16 special special JJ 21781 247 17 ferment ferment NN 21781 247 18 , , , 21781 247 19 the the DT 21781 247 20 rennet rennet NN 21781 247 21 - - HYPH 21781 247 22 ferment ferment NN 21781 247 23 , , , 21781 247 24 and and CC 21781 247 25 the the DT 21781 247 26 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 247 27 proteid proteid NN 21781 247 28 , , , 21781 247 29 the the DT 21781 247 30 curd curd NN 21781 247 31 , , , 21781 247 32 thus thus RB 21781 247 33 obtained obtain VBN 21781 247 34 is be VBZ 21781 247 35 then then RB 21781 247 36 acted act VBN 21781 247 37 on on RP 21781 247 38 by by IN 21781 247 39 the the DT 21781 247 40 pepsin pepsin NN 21781 247 41 . . . 21781 248 1 In in IN 21781 248 2 the the DT 21781 248 3 manufacture manufacture NN 21781 248 4 of of IN 21781 248 5 cheese cheese NN 21781 248 6 , , , 21781 248 7 the the DT 21781 248 8 rennetferment rennetferment NN 21781 248 9 obtained obtain VBD 21781 248 10 , , , 21781 248 11 from from IN 21781 248 12 the the DT 21781 248 13 stomach stomach NN 21781 248 14 of of IN 21781 248 15 a a DT 21781 248 16 calf calf NN 21781 248 17 is be VBZ 21781 248 18 used use VBN 21781 248 19 to to TO 21781 248 20 curdle curdle VB 21781 248 21 the the DT 21781 248 22 milk milk NN 21781 248 23 . . . 21781 249 1 Section section NN 21781 249 2 24 24 CD 21781 249 3 . . . 21781 250 1 After after IN 21781 250 2 the the DT 21781 250 3 food food NN 21781 250 4 has have VBZ 21781 250 5 undergone undergo VBN 21781 250 6 digestion digestion NN 21781 250 7 in in IN 21781 250 8 the the DT 21781 250 9 stomach stomach NN 21781 250 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 250 11 passes pass VBZ 21781 250 12 into into IN 21781 250 13 the the DT 21781 250 14 duodenum duodenum NN 21781 250 15 , , , 21781 250 16 the the DT 21781 250 17 U U NNP 21781 250 18 - - HYPH 21781 250 19 shaped shaped JJ 21781 250 20 loop loop NN 21781 250 21 of of IN 21781 250 22 intestine intestine NN 21781 250 23 immediately immediately RB 21781 250 24 succeeding succeed VBG 21781 250 25 the the DT 21781 250 26 stomach stomach NN 21781 250 27 . . . 21781 251 1 The the DT 21781 251 2 duodenum duodenum NN 21781 251 3 is be VBZ 21781 251 4 separated separate VBN 21781 251 5 from from IN 21781 251 6 the the DT 21781 251 7 stomach stomach NN 21781 251 8 by by IN 21781 251 9 a a DT 21781 251 10 ring ring NN 21781 251 11 - - HYPH 21781 251 12 like like JJ 21781 251 13 muscular muscular JJ 21781 251 14 valve valve NN 21781 251 15 , , , 21781 251 16 the the DT 21781 251 17 pylorus pylorus NN 21781 251 18 ; ; : 21781 251 19 this this DT 21781 251 20 valve valve NN 21781 251 21 belongs belong VBZ 21781 251 22 to to IN 21781 251 23 the the DT 21781 251 24 class class NN 21781 251 25 of of IN 21781 251 26 muscles muscle NNS 21781 251 27 called call VBN 21781 251 28 sphincters sphincter NNS 21781 251 29 , , , 21781 251 30 which which WDT 21781 251 31 , , , 21781 251 32 under under IN 21781 251 33 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 251 34 circumstances circumstance NNS 21781 251 35 , , , 21781 251 36 are be VBP 21781 251 37 closed close VBN 21781 251 38 , , , 21781 251 39 but but CC 21781 251 40 which which WDT 21781 251 41 relax relax VBP 21781 251 42 to to TO 21781 251 43 open open VB 21781 251 44 the the DT 21781 251 45 circular circular JJ 21781 251 46 central central JJ 21781 251 47 aperture aperture NN 21781 251 48 . . . 21781 252 1 The the DT 21781 252 2 valve valve NN 21781 252 3 at at IN 21781 252 4 the the DT 21781 252 5 anus anus NN 21781 252 6 , , , 21781 252 7 which which WDT 21781 252 8 retains retain VBZ 21781 252 9 the the DT 21781 252 10 faeces faece NNS 21781 252 11 , , , 21781 252 12 is be VBZ 21781 252 13 another another DT 21781 252 14 instance instance NN 21781 252 15 of of IN 21781 252 16 a a DT 21781 252 17 sphincter sphincter NN 21781 252 18 . . . 21781 253 1 Section section NN 21781 253 2 25 25 CD 21781 253 3 . . . 21781 254 1 The the DT 21781 254 2 food food NN 21781 254 3 at at IN 21781 254 4 this this DT 21781 254 5 stage stage NN 21781 254 6 is be VBZ 21781 254 7 called call VBN 21781 254 8 chyme chyme NNS 21781 254 9 ; ; : 21781 254 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 254 11 is be VBZ 21781 254 12 an an DT 21781 254 13 acid acid NN 21781 254 14 and and CC 21781 254 15 soup soup NN 21781 254 16 - - HYPH 21781 254 17 like like JJ 21781 254 18 fluid-- fluid-- JJ 21781 254 19 acid acid NN 21781 254 20 through through IN 21781 254 21 the the DT 21781 254 22 influence influence NN 21781 254 23 of of IN 21781 254 24 the the DT 21781 254 25 gastric gastric JJ 21781 254 26 juice juice NN 21781 254 27 . . . 21781 255 1 The the DT 21781 255 2 temperature temperature NN 21781 255 3 of of IN 21781 255 4 the the DT 21781 255 5 animal animal NN 21781 255 6 's 's POS 21781 255 7 body body NN 21781 255 8 is be VBZ 21781 255 9 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 255 10 high high JJ 21781 255 11 to to TO 21781 255 12 keep keep VB 21781 255 13 most most JJS 21781 255 14 of of IN 21781 255 15 the the DT 21781 255 16 fat fat NN 21781 255 17 in in IN 21781 255 18 the the DT 21781 255 19 food food NN 21781 255 20 melted melt VBN 21781 255 21 and and CC 21781 255 22 floating float VBG 21781 255 23 in in IN 21781 255 24 oily oily JJ 21781 255 25 drops drop NNS 21781 255 26 ; ; : 21781 255 27 much much JJ 21781 255 28 of of IN 21781 255 29 the the DT 21781 255 30 starch starch NN 21781 255 31 , , , 21781 255 32 has have VBZ 21781 255 33 been be VBN 21781 255 34 changed change VBN 21781 255 35 to to TO 21781 255 36 sugar sugar NN 21781 255 37 , , , 21781 255 38 and and CC 21781 255 39 the the DT 21781 255 40 solid solid JJ 21781 255 41 proteids proteid NNS 21781 255 42 to to IN 21781 255 43 soluble soluble JJ 21781 255 44 peptones peptone NNS 21781 255 45 , , , 21781 255 46 but but CC 21781 255 47 many many JJ 21781 255 48 fragments fragment NNS 21781 255 49 of of IN 21781 255 50 material material NN 21781 255 51 still still RB 21781 255 52 float float VBP 21781 255 53 unchanged unchanged JJ 21781 255 54 . . . 21781 256 1 Section section NN 21781 256 2 26 26 CD 21781 256 3 . . . 21781 257 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 257 2 meets meet VBZ 21781 257 3 now now RB 21781 257 4 with with IN 21781 257 5 the the DT 21781 257 6 bile bile NN 21781 257 7 , , , 21781 257 8 a a DT 21781 257 9 greenish greenish JJ 21781 257 10 fluid fluid NN 21781 257 11 secreted secrete VBN 21781 257 12 by by IN 21781 257 13 that that DT 21781 257 14 large large JJ 21781 257 15 and and CC 21781 257 16 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 257 17 gland gland NN 21781 257 18 the the DT 21781 257 19 liver liver NN 21781 257 20 . . . 21781 258 1 The the DT 21781 258 2 bile bile NN 21781 258 3 is be VBZ 21781 258 4 not not RB 21781 258 5 simply simply RB 21781 258 6 a a DT 21781 258 7 digestive digestive JJ 21781 258 8 secretion secretion NN 21781 258 9 , , , 21781 258 10 like like IN 21781 258 11 the the DT 21781 258 12 saliva saliva NN 21781 258 13 or or CC 21781 258 14 the the DT 21781 258 15 gastric gastric JJ 21781 258 16 juice juice NN 21781 258 17 ; ; : 21781 258 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 258 19 contains contain VBZ 21781 258 20 matters matter NNS 21781 258 21 destined destine VBN 21781 258 22 to to TO 21781 258 23 mix mix VB 21781 258 24 in in RB 21781 258 25 , , , 21781 258 26 and and CC 21781 258 27 after after IN 21781 258 28 a a DT 21781 258 29 certain certain JJ 21781 258 30 amount amount NN 21781 258 31 of of IN 21781 258 32 change change NN 21781 258 33 to to TO 21781 258 34 be be VB 21781 258 35 passed pass VBN 21781 258 36 out out IN 21781 258 37 of of IN 21781 258 38 the the DT 21781 258 39 body body NN 21781 258 40 with with IN 21781 258 41 , , , 21781 258 42 the the DT 21781 258 43 faeces faece NNS 21781 258 44 ; ; : 21781 258 45 among among IN 21781 258 46 these these DT 21781 258 47 substances substance NNS 21781 258 48 , , , 21781 258 49 of of IN 21781 258 50 which which WDT 21781 258 51 some some DT 21781 258 52 portion portion NN 21781 258 53 is be VBZ 21781 258 54 doubtless doubtless RB 21781 258 55 excretory excretory NN 21781 258 56 , , , 21781 258 57 are be VBP 21781 258 58 compounds compound NNS 21781 258 59 containing contain VBG 21781 258 60 sulphur-- sulphur-- NN 21781 258 61 the the DT 21781 258 62 bile bile NN 21781 258 63 salts salt VBZ 21781 258 64 . . . 21781 259 1 There there EX 21781 259 2 is be VBZ 21781 259 3 also also RB 21781 259 4 a a DT 21781 259 5 colouring colouring JJ 21781 259 6 matter matter NN 21781 259 7 , , , 21781 259 8 bili bili NNP 21781 259 9 verdin verdin NNP 21781 259 10 , , , 21781 259 11 which which WDT 21781 259 12 may may MD 21781 259 13 possibly possibly RB 21781 259 14 also also RB 21781 259 15 be be VB 21781 259 16 excretory excretory JJ 21781 259 17 . . . 21781 260 1 If if IN 21781 260 2 the the DT 21781 260 3 student student NN 21781 260 4 will will MD 21781 260 5 compare compare VB 21781 260 6 Sections section NNS 21781 260 7 10 10 CD 21781 260 8 and and CC 21781 260 9 11 11 CD 21781 260 10 , , , 21781 260 11 he -PRON- PRP 21781 260 12 will will MD 21781 260 13 notice notice VB 21781 260 14 that that IN 21781 260 15 in in IN 21781 260 16 those those DT 21781 260 17 paragraphs paragraph NNS 21781 260 18 no no DT 21781 260 19 account account NN 21781 260 20 is be VBZ 21781 260 21 taken take VBN 21781 260 22 of of IN 21781 260 23 the the DT 21781 260 24 sulphur sulphur NN 21781 260 25 among among IN 21781 260 26 the the DT 21781 260 27 katastases katastase NNS 21781 260 28 , , , 21781 260 29 the the DT 21781 260 30 account account NN 21781 260 31 does do VBZ 21781 260 32 not not RB 21781 260 33 balance balance VB 21781 260 34 , , , 21781 260 35 and and CC 21781 260 36 he -PRON- PRP 21781 260 37 will will MD 21781 260 38 at at IN 21781 260 39 once once RB 21781 260 40 see see VB 21781 260 41 that that IN 21781 260 42 here here RB 21781 260 43 probably probably RB 21781 260 44 is be VBZ 21781 260 45 the the DT 21781 260 46 missing miss VBG 21781 260 47 item item NN 21781 260 48 on on IN 21781 260 49 the the DT 21781 260 50 outgoing outgoing JJ 21781 260 51 side side NN 21781 260 52 . . . 21781 261 1 The the DT 21781 261 2 bile bile NN 21781 261 3 , , , 21781 261 4 through through IN 21781 261 5 the the DT 21781 261 6 presence presence NN 21781 261 7 of of IN 21781 261 8 these these DT 21781 261 9 salts salt NNS 21781 261 10 , , , 21781 261 11 is be VBZ 21781 261 12 strongly strongly RB 21781 261 13 alkaline alkaline JJ 21781 261 14 , , , 21781 261 15 and and CC 21781 261 16 so so RB 21781 261 17 stops stop VBZ 21781 261 18 the the DT 21781 261 19 action action NN 21781 261 20 of of IN 21781 261 21 the the DT 21781 261 22 gastric gastric JJ 21781 261 23 juice juice NN 21781 261 24 , , , 21781 261 25 and and CC 21781 261 26 prepares prepare VBZ 21781 261 27 for for IN 21781 261 28 that that DT 21781 261 29 of of IN 21781 261 30 the the DT 21781 261 31 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 261 32 , , , 21781 261 33 which which WDT 21781 261 34 can can MD 21781 261 35 act act VB 21781 261 36 only only RB 21781 261 37 in in IN 21781 261 38 an an DT 21781 261 39 alkaline alkaline JJ 21781 261 40 medium medium NN 21781 261 41 . . . 21781 262 1 The the DT 21781 262 2 fermentive fermentive JJ 21781 262 3 action action NN 21781 262 4 of of IN 21781 262 5 the the DT 21781 262 6 bile bile NN 21781 262 7 is be VBZ 21781 262 8 trifling trifle VBG 21781 262 9 ; ; : 21781 262 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 262 11 dissolves dissolve VBZ 21781 262 12 fats fat NNS 21781 262 13 , , , 21781 262 14 to to IN 21781 262 15 a a DT 21781 262 16 certain certain JJ 21781 262 17 extent extent NN 21781 262 18 , , , 21781 262 19 and and CC 21781 262 20 is be VBZ 21781 262 21 antiseptic antiseptic JJ 21781 262 22 , , , 21781 262 23 that that RB 21781 262 24 is is RB 21781 262 25 , , , 21781 262 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 262 27 prevents prevent VBZ 21781 262 28 putrefaction putrefaction NN 21781 262 29 to to TO 21781 262 30 which which WDT 21781 262 31 the the DT 21781 262 32 chyme chyme NNS 21781 262 33 might may MD 21781 262 34 be be VB 21781 262 35 liable liable JJ 21781 262 36 ; ; : 21781 262 37 it -PRON- PRP 21781 262 38 also also RB 21781 262 39 seems seem VBZ 21781 262 40 to to TO 21781 262 41 act act VB 21781 262 42 as as IN 21781 262 43 a a DT 21781 262 44 natural natural JJ 21781 262 45 purgative purgative NN 21781 262 46 . . . 21781 263 1 Section section NN 21781 263 2 27 27 CD 21781 263 3 . . . 21781 264 1 The the DT 21781 264 2 bile bile NN 21781 264 3 , , , 21781 264 4 as as IN 21781 264 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 264 6 shall shall MD 21781 264 7 see see VB 21781 264 8 later later RBR 21781 264 9 , , , 21781 264 10 is be VBZ 21781 264 11 by by IN 21781 264 12 no no DT 21781 264 13 means means NN 21781 264 14 the the DT 21781 264 15 sole sole JJ 21781 264 16 product product NN 21781 264 17 of of IN 21781 264 18 the the DT 21781 264 19 liver liver NN 21781 264 20 . . . 21781 265 1 Section section NN 21781 265 2 28 28 CD 21781 265 3 . . . 21781 266 1 The the DT 21781 266 2 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 266 3 juice juice NN 21781 266 4 , , , 21781 266 5 the the DT 21781 266 6 secretion secretion NN 21781 266 7 of of IN 21781 266 8 the the DT 21781 266 9 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 266 10 is be VBZ 21781 266 11 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 266 12 as as IN 21781 266 13 acting act VBG 21781 266 14 on on IN 21781 266 15 all all PDT 21781 266 16 the the DT 21781 266 17 food food NN 21781 266 18 stuffs stuff NNS 21781 266 19 that that WDT 21781 266 20 have have VBP 21781 266 21 not not RB 21781 266 22 already already RB 21781 266 23 become become VBN 21781 266 24 soluble soluble JJ 21781 266 25 . . . 21781 267 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 267 2 emulsifies emulsify VBZ 21781 267 3 fats fat NNS 21781 267 4 , , , 21781 267 5 that that RB 21781 267 6 is is RB 21781 267 7 , , , 21781 267 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 267 9 breaks break VBZ 21781 267 10 , , , 21781 267 11 the the DT 21781 267 12 drops drop NNS 21781 267 13 up up RP 21781 267 14 into into IN 21781 267 15 extremely extremely RB 21781 267 16 small small JJ 21781 267 17 globules globule NNS 21781 267 18 , , , 21781 267 19 forming form VBG 21781 267 20 a a DT 21781 267 21 milky milky JJ 21781 267 22 fluid fluid NN 21781 267 23 , , , 21781 267 24 and and CC 21781 267 25 it -PRON- PRP 21781 267 26 furthermore furthermore RB 21781 267 27 has have VBZ 21781 267 28 a a DT 21781 267 29 fermentive fermentive JJ 21781 267 30 action action NN 21781 267 31 upon upon IN 21781 267 32 them -PRON- PRP 21781 267 33 ; ; : 21781 267 34 it -PRON- PRP 21781 267 35 splits split VBZ 21781 267 36 them -PRON- PRP 21781 267 37 up up RP 21781 267 38 into into IN 21781 267 39 fatty fatty NN 21781 267 40 acids acid NNS 21781 267 41 , , , 21781 267 42 and and CC 21781 267 43 the the DT 21781 267 44 soluble soluble JJ 21781 267 45 body body NN 21781 267 46 glycerine glycerine NN 21781 267 47 . . . 21781 268 1 The the DT 21781 268 2 fatty fatty NN 21781 268 3 acids acid NNS 21781 268 4 combine combine VBP 21781 268 5 with with IN 21781 268 6 alkaline alkaline JJ 21781 268 7 substances substance NNS 21781 268 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 268 9 Section section NN 21781 268 10 26 26 CD 21781 268 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 268 12 to to TO 21781 268 13 form form VB 21781 268 14 bodies body NNS 21781 268 15 which which WDT 21781 268 16 belong belong VBP 21781 268 17 to to IN 21781 268 18 the the DT 21781 268 19 chemical chemical NN 21781 268 20 group group NN 21781 268 21 of of IN 21781 268 22 Soaps Soaps NNP 21781 268 23 , , , 21781 268 24 and and CC 21781 268 25 which which WDT 21781 268 26 are be VBP 21781 268 27 soluble soluble JJ 21781 268 28 also also RB 21781 268 29 . . . 21781 269 1 The the DT 21781 269 2 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 269 3 juice juice NN 21781 269 4 also also RB 21781 269 5 attacks attack VBZ 21781 269 6 any any DT 21781 269 7 proteids proteid NNS 21781 269 8 that that WDT 21781 269 9 have have VBP 21781 269 10 escaped escape VBN 21781 269 11 the the DT 21781 269 12 gastric gastric JJ 21781 269 13 juice juice NN 21781 269 14 , , , 21781 269 15 and and CC 21781 269 16 converts convert VBZ 21781 269 17 them -PRON- PRP 21781 269 18 into into IN 21781 269 19 peptones peptone NNS 21781 269 20 , , , 21781 269 21 and and CC 21781 269 22 any any DT 21781 269 23 residual residual JJ 21781 269 24 starch starch NN 21781 269 25 into into IN 21781 269 26 sugar sugar NN 21781 269 27 . . . 21781 270 1 Hence hence RB 21781 270 2 by by IN 21781 270 3 this this DT 21781 270 4 stage stage NN 21781 270 5 , , , 21781 270 6 in in IN 21781 270 7 the the DT 21781 270 8 duodenum duodenum NN 21781 270 9 , , , 21781 270 10 all all PDT 21781 270 11 the the DT 21781 270 12 food food NN 21781 270 13 constituents constituent NNS 21781 270 14 noticed notice VBN 21781 270 15 in in IN 21781 270 16 Section section NN 21781 270 17 17 17 CD 21781 270 18 are be VBP 21781 270 19 changed change VBN 21781 270 20 into into IN 21781 270 21 soluble soluble JJ 21781 270 22 forms form NNS 21781 270 23 . . . 21781 271 1 There there EX 21781 271 2 are be VBP 21781 271 3 probably probably RB 21781 271 4 , , , 21781 271 5 three three CD 21781 271 6 distinct distinct JJ 21781 271 7 ferments ferment NNS 21781 271 8 in in IN 21781 271 9 the the DT 21781 271 10 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 271 11 juice juice NN 21781 271 12 acting act VBG 21781 271 13 respectively respectively RB 21781 271 14 on on IN 21781 271 15 starch starch NN 21781 271 16 , , , 21781 271 17 fat fat NN 21781 271 18 , , , 21781 271 19 and and CC 21781 271 20 proteid proteid NN 21781 271 21 , , , 21781 271 22 but but CC 21781 271 23 they -PRON- PRP 21781 271 24 have have VBP 21781 271 25 not not RB 21781 271 26 been be VBN 21781 271 27 isolated isolate VBN 21781 271 28 , , , 21781 271 29 and and CC 21781 271 30 the the DT 21781 271 31 term term NN 21781 271 32 pancreatin pancreatin NN 21781 271 33 is be VBZ 21781 271 34 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 271 35 used use VBN 21781 271 36 to to TO 21781 271 37 suggest suggest VB 21781 271 38 the the DT 21781 271 39 three three CD 21781 271 40 together together RB 21781 271 41 . . . 21781 272 1 Section section NN 21781 272 2 29 29 CD 21781 272 3 . . . 21781 273 1 A a DT 21781 273 2 succus succus NN 21781 273 3 entericus entericus NN 21781 273 4 , , , 21781 273 5 a a DT 21781 273 6 saliva saliva NN 21781 273 7 - - HYPH 21781 273 8 like like JJ 21781 273 9 fluid fluid NN 21781 273 10 secreted secrete VBN 21781 273 11 by by IN 21781 273 12 numerous numerous JJ 21781 273 13 small small JJ 21781 273 14 glands gland NNS 21781 273 15 in in IN 21781 273 16 the the DT 21781 273 17 intestine intestine NN 21781 273 18 wall wall NN 21781 273 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 273 20 Brunner Brunner NNP 21781 273 21 's 's POS 21781 273 22 glands gland NNS 21781 273 23 , , , 21781 273 24 Lieberkuhnian lieberkuhnian JJ 21781 273 25 follicles follicle NNS 21781 273 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 273 27 , , , 21781 273 28 probably probably RB 21781 273 29 aids aids NNP 21781 273 30 , , , 21781 273 31 to to IN 21781 273 32 an an DT 21781 273 33 unknown unknown JJ 21781 273 34 but but CC 21781 273 35 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 273 36 small small JJ 21781 273 37 extent extent NN 21781 273 38 , , , 21781 273 39 in in IN 21781 273 40 the the DT 21781 273 41 digestive digestive JJ 21781 273 42 processes process NNS 21781 273 43 . . . 21781 274 1 Section section NN 21781 274 2 30 30 CD 21781 274 3 . . . 21781 275 1 The the DT 21781 275 2 walls wall NNS 21781 275 3 of of IN 21781 275 4 the the DT 21781 275 5 whole whole NN 21781 275 6 of of IN 21781 275 7 the the DT 21781 275 8 small small JJ 21781 275 9 intestine intestine NN 21781 275 10 are be VBP 21781 275 11 engaged engage VBN 21781 275 12 in in IN 21781 275 13 the the DT 21781 275 14 absorption absorption NN 21781 275 15 of of IN 21781 275 16 the the DT 21781 275 17 soluble soluble JJ 21781 275 18 results result NNS 21781 275 19 of of IN 21781 275 20 digestion digestion NN 21781 275 21 . . . 21781 276 1 In in IN 21781 276 2 the the DT 21781 276 3 duodenum duodenum NN 21781 276 4 , , , 21781 276 5 especially especially RB 21781 276 6 , , , 21781 276 7 small small JJ 21781 276 8 processes process NNS 21781 276 9 , , , 21781 276 10 the the DT 21781 276 11 villi villi NNP 21781 276 12 project project NN 21781 276 13 into into IN 21781 276 14 the the DT 21781 276 15 cavity cavity NN 21781 276 16 , , , 21781 276 17 and and CC 21781 276 18 being be VBG 21781 276 19 , , , 21781 276 20 like like IN 21781 276 21 the the DT 21781 276 22 small small JJ 21781 276 23 hairs hair NNS 21781 276 24 of of IN 21781 276 25 velvet velvet NNP 21781 276 26 pile pile NNP 21781 276 27 , , , 21781 276 28 and and CC 21781 276 29 as as IN 21781 276 30 thickly thickly RB 21781 276 31 set set NN 21781 276 32 , , , 21781 276 33 give give VB 21781 276 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 276 35 inner inner JJ 21781 276 36 coat coat NN 21781 276 37 a a DT 21781 276 38 velvety velvety JJ 21781 276 39 appearance appearance NN 21781 276 40 . . . 21781 277 1 In in IN 21781 277 2 a a DT 21781 277 3 villus villus NN 21781 277 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 277 5 find find VBP 21781 277 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 277 7 Figure Figure NNP 21781 277 8 IX IX NNP 21781 277 9 . . . 21781 277 10 , , , 21781 277 11 Sheet sheet NN 21781 277 12 3 3 CD 21781 277 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 277 14 a a DT 21781 277 15 series series NN 21781 277 16 of of IN 21781 277 17 small small JJ 21781 277 18 blood blood NN 21781 277 19 - - HYPH 21781 277 20 vessels vessel NNS 21781 277 21 and and CC 21781 277 22 with with IN 21781 277 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 277 24 another another DT 21781 277 25 vessel vessel NN 21781 277 26 called call VBD 21781 277 27 a a DT 21781 277 28 lacteal lacteal NN 21781 277 29 . . . 21781 278 1 The the DT 21781 278 2 lacteals lacteal NNS 21781 278 3 run run VBP 21781 278 4 together together RB 21781 278 5 into into IN 21781 278 6 larger large JJR 21781 278 7 and and CC 21781 278 8 larger large JJR 21781 278 9 branches branch NNS 21781 278 10 until until IN 21781 278 11 they -PRON- PRP 21781 278 12 form form VBP 21781 278 13 a a DT 21781 278 14 main main JJ 21781 278 15 trunk trunk NN 21781 278 16 , , , 21781 278 17 the the DT 21781 278 18 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 278 19 duct duct NN 21781 278 20 , , , 21781 278 21 which which WDT 21781 278 22 opens open VBZ 21781 278 23 into into IN 21781 278 24 the the DT 21781 278 25 blood blood NN 21781 278 26 circulation circulation NN 21781 278 27 at at IN 21781 278 28 a a DT 21781 278 29 point point NN 21781 278 30 near near IN 21781 278 31 the the DT 21781 278 32 heart heart NN 21781 278 33 ; ; : 21781 278 34 but but CC 21781 278 35 of of IN 21781 278 36 this this DT 21781 278 37 we -PRON- PRP 21781 278 38 shall shall MD 21781 278 39 speak speak VB 21781 278 40 further further RB 21781 278 41 later later RB 21781 278 42 . . . 21781 279 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 279 2 contain contain VBP 21781 279 3 , , , 21781 279 4 after after IN 21781 279 5 a a DT 21781 279 6 meal meal NN 21781 279 7 , , , 21781 279 8 a a DT 21781 279 9 fluid fluid NN 21781 279 10 called call VBN 21781 279 11 chyle chyle NN 21781 279 12 . . . 21781 280 1 Section section NN 21781 280 2 31 31 CD 21781 280 3 . . . 21781 281 1 Emulsified emulsified JJ 21781 281 2 fats fat NNS 21781 281 3 pass pass VBP 21781 281 4 into into IN 21781 281 5 the the DT 21781 281 6 chyle chyle NN 21781 281 7 . . . 21781 282 1 Water water NN 21781 282 2 and and CC 21781 282 3 diffusible diffusible JJ 21781 282 4 salts salt NNS 21781 282 5 certainly certainly RB 21781 282 6 pass pass VBP 21781 282 7 into into IN 21781 282 8 the the DT 21781 282 9 vein vein NN 21781 282 10 . . . 21781 283 1 The the DT 21781 283 2 course course NN 21781 283 3 taken take VBN 21781 283 4 by by IN 21781 283 5 the the DT 21781 283 6 peptones peptone NNS 21781 283 7 is be VBZ 21781 283 8 uncertain uncertain JJ 21781 283 9 , , , 21781 283 10 but but CC 21781 283 11 Professor Professor NNP 21781 283 12 Foster Foster NNP 21781 283 13 favours favour VBZ 21781 283 14 the the DT 21781 283 15 chyle chyle NN 21781 283 16 in in IN 21781 283 17 the the DT 21781 283 18 case case NN 21781 283 19 of of IN 21781 283 20 the the DT 21781 283 21 rabbit-- rabbit-- NNP 21781 283 22 the the DT 21781 283 23 student student NN 21781 283 24 should should MD 21781 283 25 read read VB 21781 283 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 283 27 Text text NN 21781 283 28 - - HYPH 21781 283 29 book book NN 21781 283 30 of of IN 21781 283 31 Physiology Physiology NNP 21781 283 32 , , , 21781 283 33 Part Part NNP 21781 283 34 2 2 CD 21781 283 35 , , , 21781 283 36 Chapter chapter NN 21781 283 37 1 1 CD 21781 283 38 , , , 21781 283 39 Section section NN 21781 283 40 11 11 CD 21781 283 41 , , , 21781 283 42 if if IN 21781 283 43 interested interested JJ 21781 283 44 in in IN 21781 283 45 the the DT 21781 283 46 further further JJ 21781 283 47 discussion discussion NN 21781 283 48 of of IN 21781 283 49 this this DT 21781 283 50 question question NN 21781 283 51 . . . 21781 284 1 Section section NN 21781 284 2 32 32 CD 21781 284 3 . . . 21781 285 1 The the DT 21781 285 2 processes process NNS 21781 285 3 that that WDT 21781 285 4 occur occur VBP 21781 285 5 in in IN 21781 285 6 the the DT 21781 285 7 remaining remain VBG 21781 285 8 portions portion NNS 21781 285 9 of of IN 21781 285 10 the the DT 21781 285 11 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 285 12 canal canal NN 21781 285 13 are be VBP 21781 285 14 imperfectly imperfectly RB 21781 285 15 understood understand VBN 21781 285 16 . . . 21781 286 1 The the DT 21781 286 2 caecum caecum NN 21781 286 3 is be VBZ 21781 286 4 so so RB 21781 286 5 large large JJ 21781 286 6 in in IN 21781 286 7 the the DT 21781 286 8 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 286 9 that that IN 21781 286 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 286 11 must must MD 21781 286 12 almost almost RB 21781 286 13 certainly certainly RB 21781 286 14 be be VB 21781 286 15 of of IN 21781 286 16 considerable considerable JJ 21781 286 17 importance importance NN 21781 286 18 . . . 21781 287 1 In in IN 21781 287 2 carnivorous carnivorous JJ 21781 287 3 animals animal NNS 21781 287 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 287 5 may may MD 21781 287 6 be be VB 21781 287 7 so so RB 21781 287 8 much much RB 21781 287 9 reduced reduce VBN 21781 287 10 as as IN 21781 287 11 to to TO 21781 287 12 be be VB 21781 287 13 practically practically RB 21781 287 14 absent absent JJ 21781 287 15 . . . 21781 288 1 An an DT 21781 288 2 important important JJ 21781 288 3 factor factor NN 21781 288 4 in in IN 21781 288 5 the the DT 21781 288 6 diet diet NN 21781 288 7 of of IN 21781 288 8 the the DT 21781 288 9 herbivorous herbivorous JJ 21781 288 10 animals animal NNS 21781 288 11 , , , 21781 288 12 and and CC 21781 288 13 one one CD 21781 288 14 absent absent NN 21781 288 15 from from IN 21781 288 16 the the DT 21781 288 17 food food NN 21781 288 18 of of IN 21781 288 19 the the DT 21781 288 20 carnivora carnivora NN 21781 288 21 , , , 21781 288 22 is be VBZ 21781 288 23 that that DT 21781 288 24 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN 21781 288 25 , , , 21781 288 26 the the DT 21781 288 27 building building NN 21781 288 28 material material NN 21781 288 29 of of IN 21781 288 30 all all DT 21781 288 31 green green JJ 21781 288 32 - - HYPH 21781 288 33 meat- meat- JJ 21781 288 34 [ [ -LRB- 21781 288 35 food food NN 21781 288 36 ] ] -RRB- 21781 288 37 , , , 21781 288 38 cellulose cellulose NN 21781 288 39 , , , 21781 288 40 and and CC 21781 288 41 there there EX 21781 288 42 is be VBZ 21781 288 43 some some DT 21781 288 44 ground ground NN 21781 288 45 for for IN 21781 288 46 thinking think VBG 21781 288 47 that that IN 21781 288 48 the the DT 21781 288 49 caecum caecum NN 21781 288 50 is be VBZ 21781 288 51 probably probably RB 21781 288 52 a a DT 21781 288 53 region region NN 21781 288 54 of of IN 21781 288 55 special special JJ 21781 288 56 fermentive fermentive JJ 21781 288 57 action action NN 21781 288 58 upon upon IN 21781 288 59 it -PRON- PRP 21781 288 60 . . . 21781 289 1 The the DT 21781 289 2 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 289 3 juice juice NN 21781 289 4 , , , 21781 289 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 289 6 may may MD 21781 289 7 be be VB 21781 289 8 noted note VBN 21781 289 9 , , , 21781 289 10 exercises exercise VBZ 21781 289 11 a a DT 21781 289 12 slight slight JJ 21781 289 13 digestive digestive JJ 21781 289 14 activity activity NN 21781 289 15 upon upon IN 21781 289 16 this this DT 21781 289 17 substance substance NN 21781 289 18 . . . 21781 290 1 Section section NN 21781 290 2 33 33 CD 21781 290 3 . . . 21781 291 1 Water water NN 21781 291 2 is be VBZ 21781 291 3 most most RBS 21781 291 4 largely largely RB 21781 291 5 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 291 6 in in IN 21781 291 7 the the DT 21781 291 8 large large JJ 21781 291 9 intestine intestine NN 21781 291 10 , , , 21781 291 11 and and CC 21781 291 12 in in IN 21781 291 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 291 14 the the DT 21781 291 15 rejected reject VBN 21781 291 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 291 17 mainly mainly RB 21781 291 18 insoluble insoluble JJ 21781 291 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 291 20 portion portion NN 21781 291 21 of of IN 21781 291 22 the the DT 21781 291 23 food food NN 21781 291 24 gradually gradually RB 21781 291 25 acquires acquire VBZ 21781 291 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 291 27 dark dark JJ 21781 291 28 colour colour NN 21781 291 29 and and CC 21781 291 30 other other JJ 21781 291 31 faecal faecal JJ 21781 291 32 characteristics characteristic NNS 21781 291 33 . . . 21781 292 1 3 3 LS 21781 292 2 . . . 21781 293 1 _ _ NNP 21781 293 2 The the DT 21781 293 3 Circulation Circulation NNP 21781 293 4 _ _ NNP 21781 293 5 Section Section NNP 21781 293 6 34 34 CD 21781 293 7 . . . 21781 294 1 The the DT 21781 294 2 next next JJ 21781 294 3 thing thing NN 21781 294 4 to to TO 21781 294 5 consider consider VB 21781 294 6 is be VBZ 21781 294 7 the the DT 21781 294 8 distribution distribution NN 21781 294 9 of of IN 21781 294 10 the the DT 21781 294 11 food food NN 21781 294 12 material material NN 21781 294 13 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 294 14 through through IN 21781 294 15 the the DT 21781 294 16 walls wall NNS 21781 294 17 of of IN 21781 294 18 the the DT 21781 294 19 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 294 20 canal canal NN 21781 294 21 to to IN 21781 294 22 the the DT 21781 294 23 living living JJ 21781 294 24 and and CC 21781 294 25 active active JJ 21781 294 26 parts part NNS 21781 294 27 of of IN 21781 294 28 the the DT 21781 294 29 body body NN 21781 294 30 . . . 21781 295 1 This this DT 21781 295 2 is be VBZ 21781 295 3 one one CD 21781 295 4 of of IN 21781 295 5 the the DT 21781 295 6 functions function NNS 21781 295 7 of of IN 21781 295 8 the the DT 21781 295 9 series series NN 21781 295 10 of of IN 21781 295 11 structures-- structures-- NNP 21781 295 12 heart heart NN 21781 295 13 and and CC 21781 295 14 blood blood NN 21781 295 15 - - HYPH 21781 295 16 vessels vessel NNS 21781 295 17 , , , 21781 295 18 called call VBD 21781 295 19 the the DT 21781 295 20 circulation circulation NN 21781 295 21 , , , 21781 295 22 circulatory circulatory JJ 21781 295 23 system system NN 21781 295 24 , , , 21781 295 25 or or CC 21781 295 26 vascular vascular JJ 21781 295 27 system system NN 21781 295 28 . . . 21781 296 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 296 2 is be VBZ 21781 296 3 not not RB 21781 296 4 the the DT 21781 296 5 only only JJ 21781 296 6 function function NN 21781 296 7 . . . 21781 297 1 The the DT 21781 297 2 blood blood NN 21781 297 3 also also RB 21781 297 4 carries carry VBZ 21781 297 5 the the DT 21781 297 6 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 297 7 from from IN 21781 297 8 the the DT 21781 297 9 lungs lung NNS 21781 297 10 to to IN 21781 297 11 the the DT 21781 297 12 various various JJ 21781 297 13 parts part NNS 21781 297 14 where where WRB 21781 297 15 work work NN 21781 297 16 is be VBZ 21781 297 17 done do VBN 21781 297 18 and and CC 21781 297 19 kataboly kataboly JJ 21781 297 20 occurs occur VBZ 21781 297 21 , , , 21781 297 22 and and CC 21781 297 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 297 24 carries carry VBZ 21781 297 25 away away RB 21781 297 26 the the DT 21781 297 27 katastases katastase NNS 21781 297 28 to to IN 21781 297 29 the the DT 21781 297 30 points point NNS 21781 297 31 where where WRB 21781 297 32 they -PRON- PRP 21781 297 33 are be VBP 21781 297 34 excreted-- excreted-- NN 21781 297 35 the the DT 21781 297 36 carbon carbon NN 21781 297 37 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 297 38 and and CC 21781 297 39 some some DT 21781 297 40 water water NN 21781 297 41 to to IN 21781 297 42 the the DT 21781 297 43 lungs lung NNS 21781 297 44 , , , 21781 297 45 water water NN 21781 297 46 and and CC 21781 297 47 urea urea NNP 21781 297 48 to to IN 21781 297 49 the the DT 21781 297 50 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 297 51 , , , 21781 297 52 sulphur sulphur NNP 21781 297 53 compounds compound NNS 21781 297 54 of of IN 21781 297 55 some some DT 21781 297 56 kind kind NN 21781 297 57 to to IN 21781 297 58 the the DT 21781 297 59 liver liver NN 21781 297 60 . . . 21781 298 1 Section section NN 21781 298 2 35 35 CD 21781 298 3 . . . 21781 299 1 The the DT 21781 299 2 blood blood NN 21781 299 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 299 4 Figure figure NN 21781 299 5 4 4 CD 21781 299 6 , , , 21781 299 7 Sheet sheet NN 21781 299 8 2 2 CD 21781 299 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 299 10 is be VBZ 21781 299 11 not not RB 21781 299 12 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 21781 299 13 ; ; : 21781 299 14 under under IN 21781 299 15 the the DT 21781 299 16 low low JJ 21781 299 17 power power NN 21781 299 18 of of IN 21781 299 19 the the DT 21781 299 20 microscope microscope NN 21781 299 21 it -PRON- PRP 21781 299 22 may may MD 21781 299 23 be be VB 21781 299 24 seen see VBN 21781 299 25 to to TO 21781 299 26 consist consist VB 21781 299 27 of-- of-- NNP 21781 299 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 299 29 1 1 CD 21781 299 30 . . . 21781 299 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 300 1 a a DT 21781 300 2 clear clear JJ 21781 300 3 fluid fluid NN 21781 300 4 , , , 21781 300 5 the the DT 21781 300 6 plasma plasma NN 21781 300 7 , , , 21781 300 8 in in IN 21781 300 9 which which WDT 21781 300 10 float-- float-- NNP 21781 300 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 300 12 2 2 CD 21781 300 13 . . . 21781 300 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 301 1 a a DT 21781 301 2 few few JJ 21781 301 3 transparent transparent JJ 21781 301 4 colourless colourless JJ 21781 301 5 bodies body NNS 21781 301 6 of of IN 21781 301 7 indefinite indefinite JJ 21781 301 8 and and CC 21781 301 9 changing change VBG 21781 301 10 shape shape NN 21781 301 11 , , , 21781 301 12 and and CC 21781 301 13 having have VBG 21781 301 14 a a DT 21781 301 15 central central JJ 21781 301 16 brighter bright JJR 21781 301 17 portion portion NN 21781 301 18 , , , 21781 301 19 the the DT 21781 301 20 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 301 21 with with IN 21781 301 22 a a DT 21781 301 23 still still RB 21781 301 24 brighter bright JJR 21781 301 25 dot dot NN 21781 301 26 therein therein RB 21781 301 27 the the DT 21781 301 28 nucleolus-- nucleolus-- NN 21781 301 29 the the DT 21781 301 30 white white NNP 21781 301 31 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 301 32 ( ( -LRB- 21781 301 33 w.c w.c NNP 21781 301 34 . . NNP 21781 301 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 301 36 , , , 21781 301 37 and and CC 21781 301 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 301 39 3 3 CD 21781 301 40 . . . 21781 301 41 ) ) -RRB- 21781 302 1 flat flat JJ 21781 302 2 round round JJ 21781 302 3 discs disc NNS 21781 302 4 , , , 21781 302 5 without without IN 21781 302 6 a a DT 21781 302 7 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 302 8 , , , 21781 302 9 the the DT 21781 302 10 red red JJ 21781 302 11 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 302 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 302 13 r.c r.c NNP 21781 302 14 . . . 21781 303 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 303 2 , , , 21781 303 3 greatly greatly RB 21781 303 4 more more RBR 21781 303 5 numerous numerous JJ 21781 303 6 than than IN 21781 303 7 the the DT 21781 303 8 white white NNP 21781 303 9 . . . 21781 304 1 Section section NN 21781 304 2 36 36 CD 21781 304 3 . . . 21781 305 1 The the DT 21781 305 2 chyle chyle NN 21781 305 3 of of IN 21781 305 4 the the DT 21781 305 5 lacteals lacteal NNS 21781 305 6 passes pass VBZ 21781 305 7 , , , 21781 305 8 as as IN 21781 305 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 305 10 have have VBP 21781 305 11 said say VBD 21781 305 12 , , , 21781 305 13 by by IN 21781 305 14 the the DT 21781 305 15 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 305 16 duct duct NN 21781 305 17 directly directly RB 21781 305 18 into into IN 21781 305 19 the the DT 21781 305 20 circulation circulation NN 21781 305 21 . . . 21781 306 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 306 2 enters enter VBZ 21781 306 3 the the DT 21781 306 4 left left JJ 21781 306 5 vena vena NNP 21781 306 6 cava cava NNP 21781 306 7 superior superior NNP 21781 306 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 306 9 l.v.c.s l.v.c.s NNP 21781 306 10 . . . 21781 306 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 307 1 near near RB 21781 307 2 where where WRB 21781 307 3 this this DT 21781 307 4 joins join VBZ 21781 307 5 the the DT 21781 307 6 jugular jugular NNP 21781 307 7 vein vein NNP 21781 307 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 307 9 ex.j ex.j NNP 21781 307 10 . . . 21781 307 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 308 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 308 2 see see VB 21781 308 3 Figure Figure NNP 21781 308 4 1 1 CD 21781 308 5 , , , 21781 308 6 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 308 7 2 2 CD 21781 308 8 , , , 21781 308 9 th.d th.d NNP 21781 308 10 . . . 21781 308 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 309 1 and and CC 21781 309 2 goes go VBZ 21781 309 3 on on RP 21781 309 4 at at IN 21781 309 5 once once RB 21781 309 6 with with IN 21781 309 7 the the DT 21781 309 8 rest rest NN 21781 309 9 of of IN 21781 309 10 the the DT 21781 309 11 blood blood NN 21781 309 12 to to IN 21781 309 13 the the DT 21781 309 14 heart heart NN 21781 309 15 . . . 21781 310 1 The the DT 21781 310 2 small small JJ 21781 310 3 veins vein NNS 21781 310 4 of of IN 21781 310 5 the the DT 21781 310 6 villi villi NN 21781 310 7 , , , 21781 310 8 however however RB 21781 310 9 , , , 21781 310 10 which which WDT 21781 310 11 also also RB 21781 310 12 help help VBP 21781 310 13 suck suck VB 21781 310 14 up up RP 21781 310 15 the the DT 21781 310 16 soluble soluble JJ 21781 310 17 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 310 18 material material NN 21781 310 19 , , , 21781 310 20 are be VBP 21781 310 21 not not RB 21781 310 22 directly directly RB 21781 310 23 continuous continuous JJ 21781 310 24 with with IN 21781 310 25 the the DT 21781 310 26 other other JJ 21781 310 27 body body NN 21781 310 28 veins vein NNS 21781 310 29 , , , 21781 310 30 the the DT 21781 310 31 systemic systemic JJ 21781 310 32 veins vein NNS 21781 310 33 ; ; : 21781 310 34 they -PRON- PRP 21781 310 35 belong belong VBP 21781 310 36 to to IN 21781 310 37 a a DT 21781 310 38 special special JJ 21781 310 39 system system NN 21781 310 40 , , , 21781 310 41 and and CC 21781 310 42 , , , 21781 310 43 running run VBG 21781 310 44 together together RB 21781 310 45 into into IN 21781 310 46 larger large JJR 21781 310 47 and and CC 21781 310 48 larger large JJR 21781 310 49 branches branch NNS 21781 310 50 , , , 21781 310 51 form form VBP 21781 310 52 the the DT 21781 310 53 lieno lieno NNP 21781 310 54 gastric gastric NNP 21781 310 55 ( ( -LRB- 21781 310 56 l.g.v l.g.v NNP 21781 310 57 . . . 21781 310 58 ) ) -RRB- 21781 311 1 and and CC 21781 311 2 mesenteric mesenteric NNP 21781 311 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 311 4 m.v m.v NNP 21781 311 5 . . NNP 21781 311 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 312 1 veins vein NNS 21781 312 2 , , , 21781 312 3 which which WDT 21781 312 4 unite unite VBP 21781 312 5 to to TO 21781 312 6 form form VB 21781 312 7 the the DT 21781 312 8 portal portal NNP 21781 312 9 vein vein NN 21781 312 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 312 11 p.v p.v NNP 21781 312 12 . . NNP 21781 312 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 313 1 which which WDT 21781 313 2 enters enter VBZ 21781 313 3 the the DT 21781 313 4 liver liver NN 21781 313 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 313 6 l.v l.v NNP 21781 313 7 . . . 21781 313 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 314 1 and and CC 21781 314 2 there there EX 21781 314 3 breaks break VBZ 21781 314 4 up up RP 21781 314 5 again again RB 21781 314 6 into into IN 21781 314 7 smaller small JJR 21781 314 8 and and CC 21781 314 9 smaller small JJR 21781 314 10 branches branch NNS 21781 314 11 . . . 21781 315 1 The the DT 21781 315 2 very very RB 21781 315 3 finest fine JJS 21781 315 4 ramifications ramification NNS 21781 315 5 of of IN 21781 315 6 this this DT 21781 315 7 spreading spread VBG 21781 315 8 network network NN 21781 315 9 are be VBP 21781 315 10 called call VBN 21781 315 11 the the DT 21781 315 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 315 13 liver liver NN 21781 315 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 315 15 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 315 16 , , , 21781 315 17 and and CC 21781 315 18 these these DT 21781 315 19 again again RB 21781 315 20 unite unite VBP 21781 315 21 to to TO 21781 315 22 form form VB 21781 315 23 at at IN 21781 315 24 last last JJ 21781 315 25 the the DT 21781 315 26 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 315 27 vein vein NN 21781 315 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 315 29 h.v h.v NNP 21781 315 30 . . NNP 21781 315 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 316 1 which which WDT 21781 316 2 enters enter VBZ 21781 316 3 the the DT 21781 316 4 vena vena NNP 21781 316 5 cava cava NNP 21781 316 6 inferior inferior NNP 21781 316 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 316 8 v.c.i v.c.i NNP 21781 316 9 . . . 21781 317 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 317 2 , , , 21781 317 3 a a DT 21781 317 4 median median JJ 21781 317 5 vessel vessel NN 21781 317 6 , , , 21781 317 7 running run VBG 21781 317 8 directly directly RB 21781 317 9 to to IN 21781 317 10 the the DT 21781 317 11 heart heart NN 21781 317 12 . . . 21781 318 1 This this DT 21781 318 2 capillary capillary JJ 21781 318 3 network network NN 21781 318 4 in in IN 21781 318 5 the the DT 21781 318 6 liver liver NN 21781 318 7 is be VBZ 21781 318 8 probably probably RB 21781 318 9 connected connect VBN 21781 318 10 with with IN 21781 318 11 changes change NNS 21781 318 12 requisite requisite RB 21781 318 13 before before IN 21781 318 14 the the DT 21781 318 15 recently recently RB 21781 318 16 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 318 17 materials material NNS 21781 318 18 can can MD 21781 318 19 enter enter VB 21781 318 20 the the DT 21781 318 21 general general JJ 21781 318 22 blood blood NN 21781 318 23 current current JJ 21781 318 24 . . . 21781 319 1 Section section NN 21781 319 2 37 37 CD 21781 319 3 . . . 21781 320 1 The the DT 21781 320 2 student student NN 21781 320 3 has have VBZ 21781 320 4 probably probably RB 21781 320 5 already already RB 21781 320 6 heard hear VBN 21781 320 7 the the DT 21781 320 8 terms term NNS 21781 320 9 vein vein NNP 21781 320 10 and and CC 21781 320 11 artery artery NN 21781 320 12 employed employ VBN 21781 320 13 . . . 21781 321 1 In in IN 21781 321 2 the the DT 21781 321 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 321 4 a a DT 21781 321 5 vein vein NN 21781 321 6 is be VBZ 21781 321 7 a a DT 21781 321 8 vessel vessel NN 21781 321 9 bringing bring VBG 21781 321 10 blood blood NN 21781 321 11 towards towards IN 21781 321 12 the the DT 21781 321 13 heart heart NN 21781 321 14 , , , 21781 321 15 while while IN 21781 321 16 an an DT 21781 321 17 artery artery NN 21781 321 18 is be VBZ 21781 321 19 a a DT 21781 321 20 vessel vessel NN 21781 321 21 conducting conduct VBG 21781 321 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 321 23 away away RB 21781 321 24 . . . 21781 322 1 Veins vein NNS 21781 322 2 are be VBP 21781 322 3 thin thin JJ 21781 322 4 - - HYPH 21781 322 5 walled walled JJ 21781 322 6 , , , 21781 322 7 and and CC 21781 322 8 therefore therefore RB 21781 322 9 flabby flabby NNP 21781 322 10 , , , 21781 322 11 a a DT 21781 322 12 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 322 13 purple purple NN 21781 322 14 when when WRB 21781 322 15 full full JJ 21781 322 16 of of IN 21781 322 17 blood blood NN 21781 322 18 , , , 21781 322 19 and and CC 21781 322 20 when when WRB 21781 322 21 empty empty JJ 21781 322 22 through through IN 21781 322 23 bleeding bleed VBG 21781 322 24 and and CC 21781 322 25 collapsed collapse VBD 21781 322 26 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 322 27 difficult difficult JJ 21781 322 28 to to TO 21781 322 29 make make VB 21781 322 30 out out RP 21781 322 31 in in IN 21781 322 32 dissection dissection NN 21781 322 33 . . . 21781 323 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 323 2 are be VBP 21781 323 3 formed form VBN 21781 323 4 by by IN 21781 323 5 the the DT 21781 323 6 union union NN 21781 323 7 of of IN 21781 323 8 lesser less JJR 21781 323 9 factors factor NNS 21781 323 10 . . . 21781 324 1 The the DT 21781 324 2 portal portal JJ 21781 324 3 breaks break VBZ 21781 324 4 up up RP 21781 324 5 into into IN 21781 324 6 lesser less JJR 21781 324 7 branches branch NNS 21781 324 8 within within IN 21781 324 9 the the DT 21781 324 10 liver liver NN 21781 324 11 . . . 21781 325 1 Arteries artery NNS 21781 325 2 have have VBP 21781 325 3 thick thick JJ 21781 325 4 muscular muscular JJ 21781 325 5 and and CC 21781 325 6 elastic elastic JJ 21781 325 7 walls wall NNS 21781 325 8 , , , 21781 325 9 thick thick JJ 21781 325 10 enough enough RB 21781 325 11 to to TO 21781 325 12 prevent prevent VB 21781 325 13 the the DT 21781 325 14 blood blood NN 21781 325 15 showing show VBG 21781 325 16 through through IN 21781 325 17 , , , 21781 325 18 and and CC 21781 325 19 are be VBP 21781 325 20 therefore therefore RB 21781 325 21 pale pale JJ 21781 325 22 pink pink JJ 21781 325 23 or or CC 21781 325 24 white white JJ 21781 325 25 and and CC 21781 325 26 keep keep VB 21781 325 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 325 28 round round JJ 21781 325 29 shape shape NN 21781 325 30 . . . 21781 326 1 Section section NN 21781 326 2 38 38 CD 21781 326 3 . . . 21781 327 1 The the DT 21781 327 2 heart heart NN 21781 327 3 of of IN 21781 327 4 the the DT 21781 327 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 327 6 is be VBZ 21781 327 7 divided divide VBN 21781 327 8 by by IN 21781 327 9 partitions partition NNS 21781 327 10 into into IN 21781 327 11 four four CD 21781 327 12 chambers chamber NNS 21781 327 13 : : : 21781 327 14 two two CD 21781 327 15 upper upper JJ 21781 327 16 thin thin JJ 21781 327 17 - - HYPH 21781 327 18 walled walled JJ 21781 327 19 ones one NNS 21781 327 20 , , , 21781 327 21 the the DT 21781 327 22 auricles auricle NNS 21781 327 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 327 24 au au NNP 21781 327 25 . . . 21781 328 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 328 2 , , , 21781 328 3 and and CC 21781 328 4 two two CD 21781 328 5 lower low JJR 21781 328 6 ones one NNS 21781 328 7 , , , 21781 328 8 both both DT 21781 328 9 , , , 21781 328 10 and and CC 21781 328 11 especially especially RB 21781 328 12 the the DT 21781 328 13 left left NN 21781 328 14 , , , 21781 328 15 with with IN 21781 328 16 very very RB 21781 328 17 muscular muscular JJ 21781 328 18 walls wall NNS 21781 328 19 , , , 21781 328 20 the the DT 21781 328 21 ventricles ventricle NNS 21781 328 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 328 23 vn vn NNP 21781 328 24 . . . 21781 328 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 328 26 . . . 21781 329 1 The the DT 21781 329 2 right right JJ 21781 329 3 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 329 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 329 5 r.vn r.vn NNP 21781 329 6 . . . 21781 329 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 330 1 and and CC 21781 330 2 auricle auricle NN 21781 330 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 330 4 r.au r.au NNP 21781 330 5 . . . 21781 330 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 331 1 communicate communicate VB 21781 331 2 , , , 21781 331 3 and and CC 21781 331 4 the the DT 21781 331 5 left left JJ 21781 331 6 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 331 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 331 8 l.vn l.vn NNP 21781 331 9 . . . 21781 331 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 332 1 and and CC 21781 332 2 auricle auricle NN 21781 332 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 332 4 l.au l.au NNP 21781 332 5 . . . 21781 332 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 332 7 . . . 21781 333 1 Section section NN 21781 333 2 39 39 CD 21781 333 3 . . . 21781 334 1 The the DT 21781 334 2 blood blood NN 21781 334 3 coming come VBG 21781 334 4 from from IN 21781 334 5 all all DT 21781 334 6 parts part NNS 21781 334 7 of of IN 21781 334 8 the the DT 21781 334 9 body body NN 21781 334 10 , , , 21781 334 11 partly partly RB 21781 334 12 robbed rob VBN 21781 334 13 of of IN 21781 334 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 334 15 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 334 16 and and CC 21781 334 17 containing contain VBG 21781 334 18 much much JJ 21781 334 19 carbon carbon NN 21781 334 20 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 334 21 and and CC 21781 334 22 other other JJ 21781 334 23 katastases katastase NNS 21781 334 24 , , , 21781 334 25 enters enter VBZ 21781 334 26 the the DT 21781 334 27 right right JJ 21781 334 28 auricle auricle NN 21781 334 29 of of IN 21781 334 30 the the DT 21781 334 31 heart heart NN 21781 334 32 through through IN 21781 334 33 three three CD 21781 334 34 great great JJ 21781 334 35 veins vein NNS 21781 334 36 , , , 21781 334 37 the the DT 21781 334 38 median median JJ 21781 334 39 vena vena NNP 21781 334 40 cava cava NNP 21781 334 41 inferior inferior JJ 21781 334 42 from from IN 21781 334 43 the the DT 21781 334 44 posterior posterior NN 21781 334 45 parts part NNS 21781 334 46 of of IN 21781 334 47 the the DT 21781 334 48 body body NN 21781 334 49 , , , 21781 334 50 and and CC 21781 334 51 the the DT 21781 334 52 paired pair VBN 21781 334 53 venae venae NNP 21781 334 54 cavae cavae NNP 21781 334 55 superiores superiore NNS 21781 334 56 from from IN 21781 334 57 the the DT 21781 334 58 anterior anterior NN 21781 334 59 . . . 21781 335 1 With with IN 21781 335 2 the the DT 21781 335 3 beating beating NN 21781 335 4 of of IN 21781 335 5 the the DT 21781 335 6 heart heart NN 21781 335 7 , , , 21781 335 8 described describe VBN 21781 335 9 below below RB 21781 335 10 , , , 21781 335 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 335 12 is be VBZ 21781 335 13 forced force VBN 21781 335 14 into into IN 21781 335 15 the the DT 21781 335 16 right right JJ 21781 335 17 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 335 18 and and CC 21781 335 19 from from IN 21781 335 20 there there RB 21781 335 21 through through IN 21781 335 22 the the DT 21781 335 23 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 335 24 artery artery NN 21781 335 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 335 26 p.a p.a NNP 21781 335 27 . . NNP 21781 335 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 336 1 seen see VBN 21781 336 2 in in IN 21781 336 3 the the DT 21781 336 4 figure figure NN 21781 336 5 passing pass VBG 21781 336 6 under under IN 21781 336 7 the the DT 21781 336 8 loop loop NN 21781 336 9 of of IN 21781 336 10 the the DT 21781 336 11 aorta aorta NNP 21781 336 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 336 13 ao ao NNP 21781 336 14 . . . 21781 336 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 337 1 to to IN 21781 337 2 the the DT 21781 337 3 lungs lung NNS 21781 337 4 . . . 21781 338 1 Section section NN 21781 338 2 40 40 CD 21781 338 3 . . . 21781 339 1 The the DT 21781 339 2 lungs lung NNS 21781 339 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 339 4 lg lg NN 21781 339 5 . . . 21781 340 1 Figure figure NN 21781 340 2 1 1 CD 21781 340 3 , , , 21781 340 4 Sheet sheet NN 21781 340 5 1 1 CD 21781 340 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 340 7 are be VBP 21781 340 8 moulded mould VBN 21781 340 9 to to IN 21781 340 10 the the DT 21781 340 11 shape shape NN 21781 340 12 of of IN 21781 340 13 the the DT 21781 340 14 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 340 15 cavity cavity NN 21781 340 16 and and CC 21781 340 17 heart heart NN 21781 340 18 ; ; : 21781 340 19 they -PRON- PRP 21781 340 20 communicate communicate VBP 21781 340 21 with with IN 21781 340 22 the the DT 21781 340 23 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 340 24 by by IN 21781 340 25 the the DT 21781 340 26 trachea trachea NN 21781 340 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 340 28 tr tr IN 21781 340 29 . . . 21781 341 1 in in IN 21781 341 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 341 3 1 1 CD 21781 341 4 , , , 21781 341 5 Sheet sheet NN 21781 341 6 1 1 CD 21781 341 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 341 8 or or CC 21781 341 9 windpipe windpipe VBD 21781 341 10 , , , 21781 341 11 and and CC 21781 341 12 are be VBP 21781 341 13 made make VBN 21781 341 14 up up RP 21781 341 15 of of IN 21781 341 16 a a DT 21781 341 17 tissue tissue NN 21781 341 18 of of IN 21781 341 19 continually continually RB 21781 341 20 branching branch VBG 21781 341 21 and and CC 21781 341 22 diminishing diminish VBG 21781 341 23 air air NN 21781 341 24 - - HYPH 21781 341 25 tubes tube NNS 21781 341 26 , , , 21781 341 27 which which WDT 21781 341 28 end end VBP 21781 341 29 at at IN 21781 341 30 last last JJ 21781 341 31 in in IN 21781 341 32 small small JJ 21781 341 33 air air NN 21781 341 34 - - HYPH 21781 341 35 sacs sacs NN 21781 341 36 , , , 21781 341 37 the the DT 21781 341 38 alveoli alveoli NNP 21781 341 39 . . . 21781 342 1 The the DT 21781 342 2 final final JJ 21781 342 3 branches branch NNS 21781 342 4 of of IN 21781 342 5 the the DT 21781 342 6 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 342 7 arteries artery NNS 21781 342 8 , , , 21781 342 9 the the DT 21781 342 10 lung lung NN 21781 342 11 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 342 12 , , , 21781 342 13 lie lie VBP 21781 342 14 in in IN 21781 342 15 the the DT 21781 342 16 walls wall NNS 21781 342 17 of of IN 21781 342 18 these these DT 21781 342 19 air air NN 21781 342 20 - - HYPH 21781 342 21 sacs sacs NN 21781 342 22 , , , 21781 342 23 and and CC 21781 342 24 are be VBP 21781 342 25 separated separate VBN 21781 342 26 from from IN 21781 342 27 the the DT 21781 342 28 air air NN 21781 342 29 by by IN 21781 342 30 an an DT 21781 342 31 extremely extremely RB 21781 342 32 thin thin JJ 21781 342 33 membrane membrane NN 21781 342 34 through through IN 21781 342 35 which which WDT 21781 342 36 the the DT 21781 342 37 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 342 38 diffuses diffuse VBZ 21781 342 39 into into IN 21781 342 40 , , , 21781 342 41 and and CC 21781 342 42 the the DT 21781 342 43 carbon carbon NN 21781 342 44 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 342 45 escapes escape VBZ 21781 342 46 from from IN 21781 342 47 , , , 21781 342 48 the the DT 21781 342 49 blood blood NN 21781 342 50 . . . 21781 343 1 Section section NN 21781 343 2 41 41 CD 21781 343 3 . . . 21781 344 1 The the DT 21781 344 2 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 344 3 of of IN 21781 344 4 respiration respiration NN 21781 344 5 will will MD 21781 344 6 be be VB 21781 344 7 understood understand VBN 21781 344 8 by by IN 21781 344 9 reference reference NN 21781 344 10 to to IN 21781 344 11 Figure figure NN 21781 344 12 3 3 CD 21781 344 13 , , , 21781 344 14 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 344 15 2 2 CD 21781 344 16 . . . 21781 345 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 345 2 will will MD 21781 345 3 be be VB 21781 345 4 noted note VBN 21781 345 5 , , , 21781 345 6 in in IN 21781 345 7 dissecting dissect VBG 21781 345 8 that that IN 21781 345 9 the the DT 21781 345 10 lungs lung NNS 21781 345 11 have have VBP 21781 345 12 shrunk shrink VBN 21781 345 13 away away RB 21781 345 14 from from IN 21781 345 15 the the DT 21781 345 16 walls wall NNS 21781 345 17 of of IN 21781 345 18 the the DT 21781 345 19 thorax thorax NN 21781 345 20 ; ; : 21781 345 21 this this DT 21781 345 22 collapse collapse NN 21781 345 23 occurs occur VBZ 21781 345 24 directly directly RB 21781 345 25 an an DT 21781 345 26 aperture aperture NN 21781 345 27 is be VBZ 21781 345 28 made make VBN 21781 345 29 in in IN 21781 345 30 the the DT 21781 345 31 thorax thorax NNP 21781 345 32 wall wall NN 21781 345 33 , , , 21781 345 34 and and CC 21781 345 35 is be VBZ 21781 345 36 in in IN 21781 345 37 part part NN 21781 345 38 due due IN 21781 345 39 to to IN 21781 345 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 345 41 extreme extreme JJ 21781 345 42 elasticity elasticity NN 21781 345 43 . . . 21781 346 1 In in IN 21781 346 2 life life NN 21781 346 3 the the DT 21781 346 4 cavity cavity NN 21781 346 5 of of IN 21781 346 6 the the DT 21781 346 7 thorax thorax NNP 21781 346 8 forms form VBZ 21781 346 9 an an DT 21781 346 10 air air NN 21781 346 11 - - HYPH 21781 346 12 tight tight NN 21781 346 13 box box NN 21781 346 14 , , , 21781 346 15 between between IN 21781 346 16 which which WDT 21781 346 17 and and CC 21781 346 18 the the DT 21781 346 19 lungs lung NNS 21781 346 20 is be VBZ 21781 346 21 a a DT 21781 346 22 slight slight JJ 21781 346 23 space space NN 21781 346 24 , , , 21781 346 25 the the DT 21781 346 26 pleural pleural JJ 21781 346 27 cavity cavity NN 21781 346 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 346 29 pl.c pl.c NNP 21781 346 30 . . . 21781 346 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 347 1 lined line VBN 21781 347 2 by by IN 21781 347 3 a a DT 21781 347 4 moist moist NN 21781 347 5 membrane membrane NN 21781 347 6 , , , 21781 347 7 which which WDT 21781 347 8 is be VBZ 21781 347 9 also also RB 21781 347 10 reflected reflect VBN 21781 347 11 , , , 21781 347 12 over over IN 21781 347 13 the the DT 21781 347 14 lungs lung NNS 21781 347 15 . . . 21781 348 1 The the DT 21781 348 2 thorax thorax NN 21781 348 3 wall wall NN 21781 348 4 is be VBZ 21781 348 5 muscular muscular JJ 21781 348 6 and and CC 21781 348 7 bony bony JJ 21781 348 8 , , , 21781 348 9 and and CC 21781 348 10 resists resist VBZ 21781 348 11 the the DT 21781 348 12 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 21781 348 13 pressure pressure NN 21781 348 14 on on IN 21781 348 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 348 16 outer outer JJ 21781 348 17 side side NN 21781 348 18 , , , 21781 348 19 so so IN 21781 348 20 that that IN 21781 348 21 the the DT 21781 348 22 lungs lung NNS 21781 348 23 before before IN 21781 348 24 this this DT 21781 348 25 is be VBZ 21781 348 26 cut cut VBN 21781 348 27 through through IN 21781 348 28 are be VBP 21781 348 29 kept keep VBN 21781 348 30 distended distend VBN 21781 348 31 to to IN 21781 348 32 the the DT 21781 348 33 size size NN 21781 348 34 of of IN 21781 348 35 the the DT 21781 348 36 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 348 37 cavity cavity NN 21781 348 38 by by IN 21781 348 39 the the DT 21781 348 40 pressure pressure NN 21781 348 41 of of IN 21781 348 42 the the DT 21781 348 43 air air NN 21781 348 44 within within IN 21781 348 45 them -PRON- PRP 21781 348 46 . . . 21781 349 1 In in IN 21781 349 2 inspiration inspiration NN 21781 349 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 349 4 or or CC 21781 349 5 breathing breathe VBG 21781 349 6 - - HYPH 21781 349 7 in in IN 21781 349 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 349 9 the the DT 21781 349 10 ribs rib NNS 21781 349 11 are be VBP 21781 349 12 raised raise VBN 21781 349 13 by by IN 21781 349 14 the the DT 21781 349 15 external external JJ 21781 349 16 intercostal intercostal NN 21781 349 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 349 18 Anglice Anglice NNP 21781 349 19 , , , 21781 349 20 between between IN 21781 349 21 - - HYPH 21781 349 22 ribs rib NNS 21781 349 23 , , , 21781 349 24 e.i.c.m e.i.c.m NNP 21781 349 25 . . . 21781 349 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 350 1 and and CC 21781 350 2 other other JJ 21781 350 3 allied ally VBN 21781 350 4 muscles muscle NNS 21781 350 5 , , , 21781 350 6 and and CC 21781 350 7 the the DT 21781 350 8 diaphragm diaphragm NN 21781 350 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 350 10 dia dia NNP 21781 350 11 . . . 21781 350 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 351 1 contracts contract NNS 21781 351 2 and and CC 21781 351 3 becomes become VBZ 21781 351 4 flatter flat JJR 21781 351 5 ; ; : 21781 351 6 the the DT 21781 351 7 air air NN 21781 351 8 is be VBZ 21781 351 9 consequently consequently RB 21781 351 10 sucked suck VBN 21781 351 11 , , , 21781 351 12 in in IN 21781 351 13 as as IN 21781 351 14 the the DT 21781 351 15 lungs lung NNS 21781 351 16 follow follow VBP 21781 351 17 the the DT 21781 351 18 movement movement NN 21781 351 19 of of IN 21781 351 20 the the DT 21781 351 21 thorax thorax NNP 21781 351 22 wall wall NN 21781 351 23 . . . 21781 352 1 In in IN 21781 352 2 expiration expiration NN 21781 352 3 the the DT 21781 352 4 intercostals intercostal NNS 21781 352 5 and and CC 21781 352 6 diaphragm diaphragm CC 21781 352 7 relax relax VB 21781 352 8 and and CC 21781 352 9 allow allow VB 21781 352 10 the the DT 21781 352 11 elastic elastic JJ 21781 352 12 recoil recoil NN 21781 352 13 of of IN 21781 352 14 the the DT 21781 352 15 lungs lung NNS 21781 352 16 to to TO 21781 352 17 come come VB 21781 352 18 into into IN 21781 352 19 play play NN 21781 352 20 . . . 21781 353 1 The the DT 21781 353 2 thoracic thoracic NN 21781 353 3 wall wall NN 21781 353 4 is be VBZ 21781 353 5 simultaneously simultaneously RB 21781 353 6 depressed depress VBN 21781 353 7 by by IN 21781 353 8 the the DT 21781 353 9 muscles muscle NNS 21781 353 10 of of IN 21781 353 11 the the DT 21781 353 12 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 353 13 area area NN 21781 353 14 , , , 21781 353 15 the the DT 21781 353 16 diaphragm diaphragm NNP 21781 353 17 thrust thrust VBN 21781 353 18 forwards forwards RB 21781 353 19 , , , 21781 353 20 as as IN 21781 353 21 the the DT 21781 353 22 result result NN 21781 353 23 of of IN 21781 353 24 the the DT 21781 353 25 displacement displacement NN 21781 353 26 and and CC 21781 353 27 compression compression NN 21781 353 28 of of IN 21781 353 29 the the DT 21781 353 30 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 353 31 viscera viscera NNP 21781 353 32 thus thus RB 21781 353 33 brought bring VBD 21781 353 34 about about RP 21781 353 35 . . . 21781 354 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 354 2 r.r.r r.r.r NNP 21781 354 3 . . . 21781 355 1 in in IN 21781 355 2 the the DT 21781 355 3 Figure Figure NNP 21781 355 4 mark mark NN 21781 355 5 ribs rib NNS 21781 355 6 . . . 21781 355 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 356 1 Section section NN 21781 356 2 42 42 CD 21781 356 3 . . . 21781 357 1 The the DT 21781 357 2 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 357 3 and and CC 21781 357 4 carbon carbon NN 21781 357 5 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 357 6 are be VBP 21781 357 7 not not RB 21781 357 8 carried carry VBN 21781 357 9 in in IN 21781 357 10 exactly exactly RB 21781 357 11 the the DT 21781 357 12 same same JJ 21781 357 13 way way NN 21781 357 14 by by IN 21781 357 15 the the DT 21781 357 16 blood blood NN 21781 357 17 . . . 21781 358 1 The the DT 21781 358 2 student student NN 21781 358 3 will will MD 21781 358 4 know know VB 21781 358 5 from from IN 21781 358 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 358 7 chemical chemical NN 21781 358 8 reading reading NN 21781 358 9 that that IN 21781 358 10 neither neither DT 21781 358 11 of of IN 21781 358 12 these these DT 21781 358 13 gases gas NNS 21781 358 14 is be VBZ 21781 358 15 very very RB 21781 358 16 soluble soluble JJ 21781 358 17 , , , 21781 358 18 but but CC 21781 358 19 carbon carbon NN 21781 358 20 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 358 21 is be VBZ 21781 358 22 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 358 23 so so RB 21781 358 24 in in IN 21781 358 25 an an DT 21781 358 26 alkaline alkaline NN 21781 358 27 fluid fluid NN 21781 358 28 to to TO 21781 358 29 be be VB 21781 358 30 conveyed convey VBN 21781 358 31 by by IN 21781 358 32 the the DT 21781 358 33 liquid liquid JJ 21781 358 34 plasma plasma NN 21781 358 35 . . . 21781 359 1 The the DT 21781 359 2 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 359 3 however however RB 21781 359 4 , , , 21781 359 5 needs need VBZ 21781 359 6 a a DT 21781 359 7 special special JJ 21781 359 8 portative portative JJ 21781 359 9 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 359 10 in in IN 21781 359 11 the the DT 21781 359 12 colouring colour VBG 21781 359 13 matter matter NN 21781 359 14 of of IN 21781 359 15 the the DT 21781 359 16 red red JJ 21781 359 17 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 359 18 , , , 21781 359 19 the the DT 21781 359 20 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN 21781 359 21 , , , 21781 359 22 with with IN 21781 359 23 which which WDT 21781 359 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 359 25 combines combine VBZ 21781 359 26 weakly weakly RB 21781 359 27 to to TO 21781 359 28 form form VB 21781 359 29 oxy oxy NN 21781 359 30 - - HYPH 21781 359 31 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN 21781 359 32 of of IN 21781 359 33 a a DT 21781 359 34 bright bright JJ 21781 359 35 red red JJ 21781 359 36 colour colour NN 21781 359 37 , , , 21781 359 38 and and CC 21781 359 39 decomposing decompose VBG 21781 359 40 easily easily RB 21781 359 41 in in IN 21781 359 42 the the DT 21781 359 43 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 359 44 ( ( -LRB- 21781 359 45 the the DT 21781 359 46 finest fine JJS 21781 359 47 vessels vessel NNS 21781 359 48 between between IN 21781 359 49 the the DT 21781 359 50 arteries artery NNS 21781 359 51 and and CC 21781 359 52 veins vein NNS 21781 359 53 ) ) -RRB- 21781 359 54 , , , 21781 359 55 to to TO 21781 359 56 release release VB 21781 359 57 the the DT 21781 359 58 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 359 59 again again RB 21781 359 60 . . . 21781 360 1 The the DT 21781 360 2 same same JJ 21781 360 3 compound compound NN 21781 360 4 occurs occur VBZ 21781 360 5 in in IN 21781 360 6 all all DT 21781 360 7 true true JJ 21781 360 8 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 360 9 , , , 21781 360 10 and and CC 21781 360 11 in in IN 21781 360 12 the the DT 21781 360 13 blood blood NN 21781 360 14 - - HYPH 21781 360 15 fluid fluid NN 21781 360 16 of of IN 21781 360 17 the the DT 21781 360 18 worm worm NN 21781 360 19 ; ; : 21781 360 20 in in IN 21781 360 21 the the DT 21781 360 22 crayfish crayfish NN 21781 360 23 a a DT 21781 360 24 similar similar JJ 21781 360 25 substance substance NN 21781 360 26 , , , 21781 360 27 haemocyanin haemocyanin NNP 21781 360 28 , , , 21781 360 29 which which WDT 21781 360 30 when when WRB 21781 360 31 oxygenated oxygenate VBN 21781 360 32 is be VBZ 21781 360 33 blue blue JJ 21781 360 34 , , , 21781 360 35 and and CC 21781 360 36 when when WRB 21781 360 37 deoxydized deoxydize VBN 21781 360 38 colourless colourless NN 21781 360 39 , , , 21781 360 40 discharges discharge VBZ 21781 360 41 the the DT 21781 360 42 same same JJ 21781 360 43 function function NN 21781 360 44 . . . 21781 361 1 Section section NN 21781 361 2 43 43 CD 21781 361 3 . . . 21781 362 1 The the DT 21781 362 2 blood blood NN 21781 362 3 returns return VBZ 21781 362 4 from from IN 21781 362 5 the the DT 21781 362 6 lungs lung NNS 21781 362 7 to to IN 21781 362 8 the the DT 21781 362 9 left left JJ 21781 362 10 auricle auricle NN 21781 362 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 362 12 l.au l.au JJ 21781 362 13 . . . 21781 362 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 363 1 by by IN 21781 363 2 the the DT 21781 363 3 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 363 4 veins vein NNS 21781 363 5 , , , 21781 363 6 hidden hide VBN 21781 363 7 in in IN 21781 363 8 the the DT 21781 363 9 Figure figure NN 21781 363 10 by by IN 21781 363 11 the the DT 21781 363 12 heart heart NN 21781 363 13 , , , 21781 363 14 passes pass VBZ 21781 363 15 thence thence NN 21781 363 16 to to IN 21781 363 17 the the DT 21781 363 18 thick thick JJ 21781 363 19 - - HYPH 21781 363 20 walled walled JJ 21781 363 21 left left JJ 21781 363 22 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 363 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 363 24 l.vn l.vn NNP 21781 363 25 . . . 21781 364 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 364 2 , , , 21781 364 3 and and CC 21781 364 4 on on RB 21781 364 5 into into IN 21781 364 6 the the DT 21781 364 7 aorta aorta NN 21781 364 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 364 9 ao ao NNP 21781 364 10 . . . 21781 364 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 364 12 . . . 21781 365 1 Section section NN 21781 365 2 44 44 CD 21781 365 3 . . . 21781 366 1 The the DT 21781 366 2 beating beating NN 21781 366 3 of of IN 21781 366 4 the the DT 21781 366 5 heart heart NN 21781 366 6 is be VBZ 21781 366 7 , , , 21781 366 8 of of IN 21781 366 9 course course NN 21781 366 10 , , , 21781 366 11 a a DT 21781 366 12 succession succession NN 21781 366 13 of of IN 21781 366 14 contractions contraction NNS 21781 366 15 and and CC 21781 366 16 expansions expansion NNS 21781 366 17 of of IN 21781 366 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 366 19 muscular muscular JJ 21781 366 20 wall wall NN 21781 366 21 . . . 21781 367 1 The the DT 21781 367 2 contraction contraction NN 21781 367 3 , , , 21781 367 4 or or CC 21781 367 5 systole systole NN 21781 367 6 , , , 21781 367 7 commences commence VBZ 21781 367 8 at at IN 21781 367 9 the the DT 21781 367 10 base base NN 21781 367 11 of of IN 21781 367 12 the the DT 21781 367 13 venae venae NNP 21781 367 14 cavae cavae NNP 21781 367 15 and and CC 21781 367 16 passes pass VBZ 21781 367 17 to to IN 21781 367 18 the the DT 21781 367 19 auricles auricle NNS 21781 367 20 , , , 21781 367 21 driving drive VBG 21781 367 22 the the DT 21781 367 23 blood blood NN 21781 367 24 before before IN 21781 367 25 it -PRON- PRP 21781 367 26 into into IN 21781 367 27 the the DT 21781 367 28 ventricles ventricle NNS 21781 367 29 , , , 21781 367 30 which which WDT 21781 367 31 then then RB 21781 367 32 contract contract VBP 21781 367 33 sharply sharply RB 21781 367 34 and and CC 21781 367 35 drive drive VB 21781 367 36 it -PRON- PRP 21781 367 37 on on RP 21781 367 38 into into IN 21781 367 39 the the DT 21781 367 40 aorta aorta NN 21781 367 41 or or CC 21781 367 42 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 367 43 artery artery NN 21781 367 44 ; ; : 21781 367 45 a a DT 21781 367 46 pause pause NN 21781 367 47 and and CC 21781 367 48 then then RB 21781 367 49 a a DT 21781 367 50 dilatation dilatation NN 21781 367 51 , , , 21781 367 52 the the DT 21781 367 53 diastole diastole NN 21781 367 54 follows follow VBZ 21781 367 55 . . . 21781 368 1 The the DT 21781 368 2 flow flow NN 21781 368 3 of of IN 21781 368 4 the the DT 21781 368 5 blood blood NN 21781 368 6 is be VBZ 21781 368 7 determined determine VBN 21781 368 8 in in IN 21781 368 9 one one CD 21781 368 10 direction direction NN 21781 368 11 by by IN 21781 368 12 the the DT 21781 368 13 various various JJ 21781 368 14 valves valve NNS 21781 368 15 of of IN 21781 368 16 the the DT 21781 368 17 heart heart NN 21781 368 18 . . . 21781 369 1 No no DT 21781 369 2 valves valve NNS 21781 369 3 occur occur VBP 21781 369 4 in in IN 21781 369 5 the the DT 21781 369 6 opening opening NN 21781 369 7 of of IN 21781 369 8 the the DT 21781 369 9 superior superior JJ 21781 369 10 cavae cavae NNP 21781 369 11 but but CC 21781 369 12 an an DT 21781 369 13 imperfect imperfect JJ 21781 369 14 one one NN 21781 369 15 , , , 21781 369 16 the the DT 21781 369 17 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 369 18 valve valve NN 21781 369 19 , , , 21781 369 20 protects protect VBZ 21781 369 21 the the DT 21781 369 22 inferior inferior JJ 21781 369 23 cava cava NN 21781 369 24 ; ; : 21781 369 25 the the DT 21781 369 26 direction direction NN 21781 369 27 of of IN 21781 369 28 the the DT 21781 369 29 heart heart NN 21781 369 30 's 's POS 21781 369 31 contraction contraction NN 21781 369 32 prevents prevent VBZ 21781 369 33 any any DT 21781 369 34 excessive excessive JJ 21781 369 35 back back JJ 21781 369 36 - - HYPH 21781 369 37 flow flow NN 21781 369 38 into into IN 21781 369 39 the the DT 21781 369 40 veins vein NNS 21781 369 41 , , , 21781 369 42 and and CC 21781 369 43 the the DT 21781 369 44 onward onward JJ 21781 369 45 , , , 21781 369 46 tendency tendency NN 21781 369 47 is be VBZ 21781 369 48 encouraged encourage VBN 21781 369 49 by by IN 21781 369 50 the the DT 21781 369 51 suck suck NN 21781 369 52 of of IN 21781 369 53 the the DT 21781 369 54 diastole diastole NN 21781 369 55 of of IN 21781 369 56 the the DT 21781 369 57 ventricles ventricle NNS 21781 369 58 . . . 21781 370 1 Between between IN 21781 370 2 the the DT 21781 370 3 left left JJ 21781 370 4 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 370 5 and and CC 21781 370 6 auricle auricle NN 21781 370 7 is be VBZ 21781 370 8 a a DT 21781 370 9 valve valve NN 21781 370 10 made make VBN 21781 370 11 up up RP 21781 370 12 of of IN 21781 370 13 two two CD 21781 370 14 flaps flap NNS 21781 370 15 of of IN 21781 370 16 skin skin NN 21781 370 17 , , , 21781 370 18 the the DT 21781 370 19 mitral mitral JJ 21781 370 20 valve valve NN 21781 370 21 , , , 21781 370 22 the the DT 21781 370 23 edges edge NNS 21781 370 24 of of IN 21781 370 25 the the DT 21781 370 26 flaps flap NNS 21781 370 27 being be VBG 21781 370 28 connected connect VBN 21781 370 29 with with IN 21781 370 30 the the DT 21781 370 31 walls wall NNS 21781 370 32 of of IN 21781 370 33 the the DT 21781 370 34 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 370 35 through through IN 21781 370 36 the the DT 21781 370 37 intermediation intermediation NN 21781 370 38 of of IN 21781 370 39 small small JJ 21781 370 40 muscular muscular JJ 21781 370 41 threads thread NNS 21781 370 42 , , , 21781 370 43 the the DT 21781 370 44 chordae chordae NN 21781 370 45 tendinae tendinae NN 21781 370 46 , , , 21781 370 47 which which WDT 21781 370 48 stretch stretch VBP 21781 370 49 across across IN 21781 370 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 370 51 cavity cavity NN 21781 370 52 to to IN 21781 370 53 little little JJ 21781 370 54 muscular muscular JJ 21781 370 55 pillars pillar NNS 21781 370 56 , , , 21781 370 57 the the DT 21781 370 58 papillary papillary JJ 21781 370 59 muscles muscle VBZ 21781 370 60 ; ; : 21781 370 61 these these DT 21781 370 62 attachments attachment NNS 21781 370 63 prevent prevent VBP 21781 370 64 the the DT 21781 370 65 mitral mitral JJ 21781 370 66 valve valve NN 21781 370 67 from from IN 21781 370 68 flapping flap VBG 21781 370 69 back back RB 21781 370 70 into into IN 21781 370 71 the the DT 21781 370 72 auricle auricle NN 21781 370 73 , , , 21781 370 74 and and CC 21781 370 75 as as IN 21781 370 76 the the DT 21781 370 77 blood blood NN 21781 370 78 flows flow VBZ 21781 370 79 into into IN 21781 370 80 and and CC 21781 370 81 accumulates accumulate NNS 21781 370 82 in in IN 21781 370 83 the the DT 21781 370 84 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 370 85 it -PRON- PRP 21781 370 86 gets get VBZ 21781 370 87 behind behind IN 21781 370 88 the the DT 21781 370 89 flaps flap NNS 21781 370 90 of of IN 21781 370 91 the the DT 21781 370 92 valve valve NN 21781 370 93 and and CC 21781 370 94 presses press VBZ 21781 370 95 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 370 96 edges edge NNS 21781 370 97 together together RB 21781 370 98 . . . 21781 371 1 When when WRB 21781 371 2 the the DT 21781 371 3 systole systole NN 21781 371 4 of of IN 21781 371 5 the the DT 21781 371 6 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 371 7 occurs occur VBZ 21781 371 8 , , , 21781 371 9 the the DT 21781 371 10 increased increased JJ 21781 371 11 , , , 21781 371 12 tension tension NN 21781 371 13 of of IN 21781 371 14 the the DT 21781 371 15 blood blood NN 21781 371 16 only only RB 21781 371 17 closes close VBZ 21781 371 18 the the DT 21781 371 19 aperture aperture NN 21781 371 20 the the DT 21781 371 21 tighter tight JJR 21781 371 22 , , , 21781 371 23 and and CC 21781 371 24 the the DT 21781 371 25 current current JJ 21781 371 26 passes pass VBZ 21781 371 27 on on RP 21781 371 28 into into IN 21781 371 29 the the DT 21781 371 30 aorta aorta NN 21781 371 31 , , , 21781 371 32 where where WRB 21781 371 33 we -PRON- PRP 21781 371 34 find find VBP 21781 371 35 three three CD 21781 371 36 watch watch NN 21781 371 37 - - HYPH 21781 371 38 pocket pocket NN 21781 371 39 valves valve NNS 21781 371 40 , , , 21781 371 41 with with IN 21781 371 42 the the DT 21781 371 43 pocket pocket NN 21781 371 44 turned turn VBD 21781 371 45 away away RB 21781 371 46 from from IN 21781 371 47 the the DT 21781 371 48 heart heart NN 21781 371 49 , , , 21781 371 50 which which WDT 21781 371 51 are be VBP 21781 371 52 also also RB 21781 371 53 closed close VBN 21781 371 54 and and CC 21781 371 55 tightened tighten VBN 21781 371 56 by by IN 21781 371 57 any any DT 21781 371 58 attempt attempt NN 21781 371 59 at at IN 21781 371 60 regurgitation regurgitation NN 21781 371 61 ( ( -LRB- 21781 371 62 back back JJ 21781 371 63 - - HYPH 21781 371 64 flow flow NN 21781 371 65 ) ) -RRB- 21781 371 66 . . . 21781 372 1 A a DT 21781 372 2 similar similar JJ 21781 372 3 process process NN 21781 372 4 occurs occur VBZ 21781 372 5 on on IN 21781 372 6 the the DT 21781 372 7 right right JJ 21781 372 8 side side NN 21781 372 9 of of IN 21781 372 10 the the DT 21781 372 11 heart heart NN 21781 372 12 , , , 21781 372 13 but but CC 21781 372 14 here here RB 21781 372 15 , , , 21781 372 16 instead instead RB 21781 372 17 of of IN 21781 372 18 a a DT 21781 372 19 mitral mitral JJ 21781 372 20 valve valve NN 21781 372 21 of of IN 21781 372 22 two two CD 21781 372 23 flaps flap NNS 21781 372 24 between between IN 21781 372 25 auricle auricle NN 21781 372 26 and and CC 21781 372 27 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 372 28 , , , 21781 372 29 we -PRON- PRP 21781 372 30 have have VBP 21781 372 31 a a DT 21781 372 32 tricuspid tricuspid NN 21781 372 33 valve valve NN 21781 372 34 with with IN 21781 372 35 three three CD 21781 372 36 . . . 21781 373 1 The the DT 21781 373 2 thickness thickness NN 21781 373 3 of of IN 21781 373 4 the the DT 21781 373 5 muscular muscular JJ 21781 373 6 walls wall NNS 21781 373 7 , , , 21781 373 8 in in IN 21781 373 9 view view NN 21781 373 10 of of IN 21781 373 11 the the DT 21781 373 12 lesser less JJR 21781 373 13 distance distance NN 21781 373 14 through through IN 21781 373 15 which which WDT 21781 373 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 373 17 has have VBZ 21781 373 18 to to TO 21781 373 19 force force VB 21781 373 20 the the DT 21781 373 21 blood blood NN 21781 373 22 , , , 21781 373 23 -are- -are- NFP 21781 373 24 [ [ -LRB- 21781 373 25 is be VBZ 21781 373 26 ] ] -RRB- 21781 373 27 less less JJR 21781 373 28 for for IN 21781 373 29 the the DT 21781 373 30 right right JJ 21781 373 31 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 373 32 than than IN 21781 373 33 the the DT 21781 373 34 left left NN 21781 373 35 . . . 21781 374 1 Section section NN 21781 374 2 45 45 CD 21781 374 3 . . . 21781 375 1 The the DT 21781 375 2 following follow VBG 21781 375 3 are be VBP 21781 375 4 the the DT 21781 375 5 chief chief JJ 21781 375 6 branches branch NNS 21781 375 7 of of IN 21781 375 8 the the DT 21781 375 9 aorta aorta NNP 21781 375 10 . . . 21781 376 1 The the DT 21781 376 2 student student NN 21781 376 3 should should MD 21781 376 4 be be VB 21781 376 5 able able JJ 21781 376 6 to to TO 21781 376 7 follow follow VB 21781 376 8 them -PRON- PRP 21781 376 9 with with IN 21781 376 10 certainty certainty NN 21781 376 11 in in IN 21781 376 12 dissection dissection NN 21781 376 13 ; ; : 21781 376 14 they -PRON- PRP 21781 376 15 are be VBP 21781 376 16 all all RB 21781 376 17 displayed display VBN 21781 376 18 in in IN 21781 376 19 the the DT 21781 376 20 Figure figure NN 21781 376 21 ; ; : 21781 376 22 but but CC 21781 376 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 376 24 must must MD 21781 376 25 not not RB 21781 376 26 be be VB 21781 376 27 imagined imagine VBN 21781 376 28 for for IN 21781 376 29 a a DT 21781 376 30 moment moment NN 21781 376 31 that that IN 21781 376 32 familiarity familiarity NN 21781 376 33 with with IN 21781 376 34 this this DT 21781 376 35 diagram diagram NN 21781 376 36 will will MD 21781 376 37 obviate obviate VB 21781 376 38 the the DT 21781 376 39 necessity necessity NN 21781 376 40 for for IN 21781 376 41 the the DT 21781 376 42 practical practical JJ 21781 376 43 work work NN 21781 376 44 ; ; : 21781 376 45 ( ( -LRB- 21781 376 46 in in IN 21781 376 47 . . . 21781 376 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 377 1 is be VBZ 21781 377 2 the the DT 21781 377 3 innominate innominate JJ 21781 377 4 artery artery NN 21781 377 5 ; ; : 21781 377 6 it -PRON- PRP 21781 377 7 forks fork VBZ 21781 377 8 into into IN 21781 377 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 377 10 s.cl.a s.cl.a NNS 21781 377 11 . . . 21781 377 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 378 1 the the DT 21781 378 2 right right JJ 21781 378 3 subclavian subclavian NN 21781 378 4 , , , 21781 378 5 and and CC 21781 378 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 378 7 r.c.c r.c.c NNP 21781 378 8 . . . 21781 378 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 379 1 the the DT 21781 379 2 right right JJ 21781 379 3 common common JJ 21781 379 4 carotid carotid NNS 21781 379 5 . . . 21781 380 1 Each each DT 21781 380 2 carotid carotid VBZ 21781 380 3 splits split NNS 21781 380 4 at at IN 21781 380 5 the the DT 21781 380 6 angle angle NN 21781 380 7 of of IN 21781 380 8 the the DT 21781 380 9 jaw jaw NN 21781 380 10 into into IN 21781 380 11 an an DT 21781 380 12 internal internal JJ 21781 380 13 and and CC 21781 380 14 an an DT 21781 380 15 external external JJ 21781 380 16 branch branch NN 21781 380 17 . . . 21781 381 1 The the DT 21781 381 2 left left JJ 21781 381 3 common common JJ 21781 381 4 carotid carotid NNS 21781 381 5 , , , 21781 381 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 381 7 l.c.c l.c.c NN 21781 381 8 . . . 21781 381 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 382 1 arises arise VBZ 21781 382 2 from from IN 21781 382 3 the the DT 21781 382 4 base base NN 21781 382 5 of of IN 21781 382 6 the the DT 21781 382 7 innominate innominate JJ 21781 382 8 , , , 21781 382 9 * * NFP 21781 382 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 382 11 l.s.cl.a l.s.cl.a NNP 21781 382 12 . . . 21781 382 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 383 1 the the DT 21781 383 2 left left JJ 21781 383 3 subclavian subclavian NNP 21781 383 4 , , , 21781 383 5 directly directly RB 21781 383 6 from from IN 21781 383 7 the the DT 21781 383 8 aorta aorta NNP 21781 383 9 . . . 21781 384 1 The the DT 21781 384 2 aorta aorta NN 21781 384 3 now now RB 21781 384 4 curves curve VBZ 21781 384 5 round round RB 21781 384 6 to to IN 21781 384 7 the the DT 21781 384 8 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 384 9 middle middle JJ 21781 384 10 line line NN 21781 384 11 , , , 21781 384 12 and and CC 21781 384 13 runs run VBZ 21781 384 14 down down RP 21781 384 15 as as IN 21781 384 16 seen see VBN 21781 384 17 in in IN 21781 384 18 Figure Figure NNP 21781 384 19 1 1 CD 21781 384 20 , , , 21781 384 21 Sheet sheet NN 21781 384 22 1 1 CD 21781 384 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 384 24 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 384 25 . . . 21781 384 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 385 1 and and CC 21781 385 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 385 3 1 1 CD 21781 385 4 , , , 21781 385 5 Sheet sheet NN 21781 385 6 2 2 CD 21781 385 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 385 8 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 385 9 . . . 21781 385 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 385 11 . . . 21781 386 1 Small small JJ 21781 386 2 branches branch NNS 21781 386 3 are be VBP 21781 386 4 given give VBN 21781 386 5 off off RP 21781 386 6 to to IN 21781 386 7 the the DT 21781 386 8 ribs rib NNS 21781 386 9 , , , 21781 386 10 and and CC 21781 386 11 then then RB 21781 386 12 comes come VBZ 21781 386 13 the the DT 21781 386 14 median median JJ 21781 386 15 coeliac coeliac NN 21781 386 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 386 17 coe.a coe.a UH 21781 386 18 . . . 21781 386 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 387 1 to to IN 21781 387 2 the the DT 21781 387 3 stomach stomach NN 21781 387 4 and and CC 21781 387 5 spleen spleen NN 21781 387 6 , , , 21781 387 7 the the DT 21781 387 8 median median JJ 21781 387 9 superior superior NNP 21781 387 10 mesenteric mesenteric NNP 21781 387 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 387 12 s.mes.a s.mes.a NN 21781 387 13 . . . 21781 387 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 388 1 to to IN 21781 388 2 the the DT 21781 388 3 main main JJ 21781 388 4 portion portion NN 21781 388 5 of of IN 21781 388 6 the the DT 21781 388 7 intestine intestine NN 21781 388 8 , , , 21781 388 9 and and CC 21781 388 10 the the DT 21781 388 11 inferior inferior JJ 21781 388 12 mesenteric mesenteric NNP 21781 388 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 388 14 p.m.a p.m.a NNP 21781 388 15 . . . 21781 388 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 389 1 to to IN 21781 389 2 the the DT 21781 389 3 rectum rectum NN 21781 389 4 . . . 21781 390 1 Note note VB 21781 390 2 that that IN 21781 390 3 no no DT 21781 390 4 veins vein NNS 21781 390 5 to to IN 21781 390 6 the the DT 21781 390 7 inferior inferior JJ 21781 390 8 vena vena NNP 21781 390 9 cava cava NNP 21781 390 10 correspond correspond NNP 21781 390 11 to to IN 21781 390 12 these these DT 21781 390 13 arteries-- arteries-- VBP 21781 390 14 the the DT 21781 390 15 blood blood NN 21781 390 16 they -PRON- PRP 21781 390 17 supply supply VBP 21781 390 18 going go VBG 21781 390 19 back back RB 21781 390 20 by by IN 21781 390 21 the the DT 21781 390 22 portal portal NNP 21781 390 23 vein vein NN 21781 390 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 390 25 p.v p.v NNP 21781 390 26 . . NNP 21781 390 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 390 28 . . . 21781 391 1 The the DT 21781 391 2 paired pair VBN 21781 391 3 renal renal JJ 21781 391 4 arteries artery NNS 21781 391 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 391 6 r.a r.a NNP 21781 391 7 . . . 21781 391 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 391 9 supply supply VBP 21781 391 10 the the DT 21781 391 11 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 391 12 , , , 21781 391 13 and and CC 21781 391 14 the the DT 21781 391 15 common common JJ 21781 391 16 iliacs iliacs NN 21781 391 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 391 18 c.il.a c.il.a NNS 21781 391 19 . . . 21781 391 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 392 1 the the DT 21781 392 2 hind hind NN 21781 392 3 legs leg NNS 21781 392 4 , , , 21781 392 5 splitting splitting NN 21781 392 6 into into IN 21781 392 7 the the DT 21781 392 8 internal internal JJ 21781 392 9 iliacs iliacs NN 21781 392 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 392 11 i.il.a i.il.a NNS 21781 392 12 . . . 21781 392 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 393 1 and and CC 21781 393 2 the the DT 21781 393 3 femoral femoral JJ 21781 393 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 393 5 f. f. NNP 21781 393 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 393 7 . . . 21781 394 1 { { -LRB- 21781 394 2 Lines line NNS 21781 394 3 from from IN 21781 394 4 Second Second NNP 21781 394 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 394 6 only only RB 21781 394 7 . . . 21781 394 8 } } -RRB- 21781 395 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 395 2 The the DT 21781 395 3 student student NN 21781 395 4 should should MD 21781 395 5 note note VB 21781 395 6 that that IN 21781 395 7 the the DT 21781 395 8 only only JJ 21781 395 9 arteries artery NNS 21781 395 10 in in IN 21781 395 11 the the DT 21781 395 12 middle middle JJ 21781 395 13 line line NN 21781 395 14 are be VBP 21781 395 15 those those DT 21781 395 16 supplying supply VBG 21781 395 17 the the DT 21781 395 18 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 395 19 canal canal NN 21781 395 20 . . . 21781 395 21 ] ] -RRB- 21781 396 1 { { -LRB- 21781 396 2 Lines line NNS 21781 396 3 from from IN 21781 396 4 First First NNP 21781 396 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 396 6 only only RB 21781 396 7 . . . 21781 396 8 } } -RRB- 21781 397 1 * * NFP 21781 397 2 -The -The NFP 21781 397 3 figure figure NN 21781 397 4 is be VBZ 21781 397 5 inaccurate inaccurate JJ 21781 397 6 , , , 21781 397 7 and and CC 21781 397 8 represents represent VBZ 21781 397 9 the the DT 21781 397 10 left left JJ 21781 397 11 common common JJ 21781 397 12 carotid carotid NNS 21781 397 13 as as IN 21781 397 14 arising arise VBG 21781 397 15 from from IN 21781 397 16 the the DT 21781 397 17 aortic aortic JJ 21781 397 18 arch.- arch.- NNP 21781 397 19 Section Section NNP 21781 397 20 46 46 CD 21781 397 21 . . . 21781 398 1 The the DT 21781 398 2 distribution distribution NN 21781 398 3 of of IN 21781 398 4 the the DT 21781 398 5 veins vein NNS 21781 398 6 of of IN 21781 398 7 the the DT 21781 398 8 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 398 9 has have VBZ 21781 398 10 only only RB 21781 398 11 a a DT 21781 398 12 superficial superficial JJ 21781 398 13 parallelism parallelism NN 21781 398 14 with with IN 21781 398 15 arteries artery NNS 21781 398 16 . . . 21781 399 1 The the DT 21781 399 2 chief chief JJ 21781 399 3 factors factor NNS 21781 399 4 of of IN 21781 399 5 vena vena NNP 21781 399 6 cava cava NNP 21781 399 7 inferior inferior NNP 21781 399 8 are be VBP 21781 399 9 the the DT 21781 399 10 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 399 11 vein vein NN 21781 399 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 399 13 h.v h.v NNP 21781 399 14 . . . 21781 400 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 400 2 , , , 21781 400 3 which which WDT 21781 400 4 receives receive VBZ 21781 400 5 the the DT 21781 400 6 liver liver NN 21781 400 7 blood blood NN 21781 400 8 , , , 21781 400 9 the the DT 21781 400 10 renal renal JJ 21781 400 11 veins vein NNS 21781 400 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 400 13 r.v r.v NNP 21781 400 14 . . . 21781 401 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 401 2 , , , 21781 401 3 from from IN 21781 401 4 the the DT 21781 401 5 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 401 6 , , , 21781 401 7 the the DT 21781 401 8 ilaeo ilaeo JJ 21781 401 9 - - HYPH 21781 401 10 lumbar lumbar NN 21781 401 11 , , , 21781 401 12 from from IN 21781 401 13 the the DT 21781 401 14 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 401 15 wall wall NN 21781 401 16 , , , 21781 401 17 and and CC 21781 401 18 the the DT 21781 401 19 external external JJ 21781 401 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 401 21 e.il.v e.il.v NNS 21781 401 22 . . . 21781 401 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 402 1 and and CC 21781 402 2 internal internal NNP 21781 402 3 ilias ilias NNP 21781 402 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 402 5 i.il.v i.il.v NN 21781 402 6 . . . 21781 403 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 403 2 ; ; : 21781 403 3 with with IN 21781 403 4 the the DT 21781 403 5 exception exception NN 21781 403 6 of of IN 21781 403 7 the the DT 21781 403 8 renal renal JJ 21781 403 9 veins vein NNS 21781 403 10 none none NN 21781 403 11 of of IN 21781 403 12 these these DT 21781 403 13 run run VBP 21781 403 14 side side NN 21781 403 15 by by IN 21781 403 16 side side NN 21781 403 17 with with IN 21781 403 18 arteries artery NNS 21781 403 19 . . . 21781 404 1 The the DT 21781 404 2 superior superior JJ 21781 404 3 cavae cavae NNP 21781 404 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 404 5 r. r. NNP 21781 404 6 and and CC 21781 404 7 l.v.c.s l.v.c.s NNP 21781 404 8 . . . 21781 404 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 405 1 are be VBP 21781 405 2 formed form VBN 21781 405 3 by by IN 21781 405 4 the the DT 21781 405 5 union union NN 21781 405 6 of of IN 21781 405 7 internal internal NNP 21781 405 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 405 9 i.j i.j NNP 21781 405 10 . . . 21781 405 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 406 1 and and CC 21781 406 2 external external JJ 21781 406 3 jugular jugular NNP 21781 406 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 406 5 e.j e.j NNP 21781 406 6 . . . 21781 406 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 407 1 veins vein NNS 21781 407 2 with with IN 21781 407 3 a a DT 21781 407 4 subclavian subclavian NN 21781 407 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 407 6 s.cl.v s.cl.v NNS 21781 407 7 . . . 21781 407 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 408 1 from from IN 21781 408 2 the the DT 21781 408 3 fore fore NN 21781 408 4 limb limb NN 21781 408 5 . . . 21781 409 1 The the DT 21781 409 2 term term NN 21781 409 3 pre pre JJ 21781 409 4 - - JJ 21781 409 5 caval caval JJ 21781 409 6 vein vein NN 21781 409 7 is be VBZ 21781 409 8 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 409 9 used use VBN 21781 409 10 for for IN 21781 409 11 superior superior JJ 21781 409 12 cava cava NN 21781 409 13 . . . 21781 410 1 The the DT 21781 410 2 attention attention NN 21781 410 3 , , , 21781 410 4 of of IN 21781 410 5 the the DT 21781 410 6 student student NN 21781 410 7 is be VBZ 21781 410 8 called call VBN 21781 410 9 to to IN 21781 410 10 the the DT 21781 410 11 small small JJ 21781 410 12 azygos azygos NNP 21781 410 13 vein vein NN 21781 410 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 410 15 az az UH 21781 410 16 . . . 21781 410 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 411 1 running run VBG 21781 411 2 into into IN 21781 411 3 the the DT 21781 411 4 right right JJ 21781 411 5 vena vena NNP 21781 411 6 cava cava NNP 21781 411 7 superior superior NNP 21781 411 8 , , , 21781 411 9 and and CC 21781 411 10 forming form VBG 21781 411 11 the the DT 21781 411 12 only only JJ 21781 411 13 asymmetrical asymmetrical JJ 21781 411 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 411 15 not not RB 21781 411 16 - - HYPH 21781 411 17 balancing balance VBG 21781 411 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 411 19 feature feature NN 21781 411 20 of of IN 21781 411 21 the the DT 21781 411 22 veins vein NNS 21781 411 23 in in IN 21781 411 24 front front NN 21781 411 25 of of IN 21781 411 26 the the DT 21781 411 27 heart heart NN 21781 411 28 ; ; : 21781 411 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 411 30 brings bring VBZ 21781 411 31 blood blood NN 21781 411 32 back back RB 21781 411 33 from from IN 21781 411 34 the the DT 21781 411 35 ribs rib NNS 21781 411 36 of of IN 21781 411 37 the the DT 21781 411 38 thorax thorax NNP 21781 411 39 wall wall NN 21781 411 40 , , , 21781 411 41 and and CC 21781 411 42 is be VBZ 21781 411 43 of of IN 21781 411 44 interest interest NN 21781 411 45 mainly mainly RB 21781 411 46 because because IN 21781 411 47 it -PRON- PRP 21781 411 48 answers answer VBZ 21781 411 49 to to IN 21781 411 50 an an DT 21781 411 51 enormous enormous JJ 21781 411 52 main main JJ 21781 411 53 vessel vessel NN 21781 411 54 , , , 21781 411 55 the the DT 21781 411 56 right right JJ 21781 411 57 post post JJ 21781 411 58 - - JJ 21781 411 59 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 411 60 sinus sinus NN 21781 411 61 , , , 21781 411 62 in in IN 21781 411 63 fishes fish NNS 21781 411 64 . . . 21781 412 1 There there EX 21781 412 2 are be VBP 21781 412 3 spermatic spermatic JJ 21781 412 4 arteries artery NNS 21781 412 5 and and CC 21781 412 6 veins vein NNS 21781 412 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 412 8 s.v s.v NNP 21781 412 9 . . . 21781 413 1 and and CC 21781 413 2 a. a. NN 21781 413 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 414 1 to to IN 21781 414 2 the the DT 21781 414 3 genital genital JJ 21781 414 4 organs organ NNS 21781 414 5 . . . 21781 415 1 All all PDT 21781 415 2 these these DT 21781 415 3 vessels vessel NNS 21781 415 4 should should MD 21781 415 5 be be VB 21781 415 6 patiently patiently RB 21781 415 7 dissected dissect VBN 21781 415 8 out out RP 21781 415 9 by by IN 21781 415 10 the the DT 21781 415 11 student student NN 21781 415 12 , , , 21781 415 13 and and CC 21781 415 14 drawn draw VBN 21781 415 15 . . . 21781 416 1 Section section NN 21781 416 2 47 47 CD 21781 416 3 . . . 21781 417 1 Between between IN 21781 417 2 the the DT 21781 417 3 final final JJ 21781 417 4 branches branch NNS 21781 417 5 of of IN 21781 417 6 the the DT 21781 417 7 arteries artery NNS 21781 417 8 and and CC 21781 417 9 the the DT 21781 417 10 first first JJ 21781 417 11 fine fine JJ 21781 417 12 factors factor NNS 21781 417 13 of of IN 21781 417 14 the the DT 21781 417 15 veins vein NNS 21781 417 16 , , , 21781 417 17 and and CC 21781 417 18 joining join VBG 21781 417 19 them -PRON- PRP 21781 417 20 , , , 21781 417 21 come come VB 21781 417 22 the the DT 21781 417 23 systemic systemic JJ 21781 417 24 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 417 25 . . . 21781 418 1 These these DT 21781 418 2 smallest small JJS 21781 418 3 and and CC 21781 418 4 ultimate ultimate JJ 21781 418 5 ramifications ramification NNS 21781 418 6 of of IN 21781 418 7 the the DT 21781 418 8 circulation circulation NN 21781 418 9 penetrate penetrate VBP 21781 418 10 every every DT 21781 418 11 living living NN 21781 418 12 part part NN 21781 418 13 of of IN 21781 418 14 the the DT 21781 418 15 animal animal NN 21781 418 16 , , , 21781 418 17 so so IN 21781 418 18 that that IN 21781 418 19 if if IN 21781 418 20 we -PRON- PRP 21781 418 21 could could MD 21781 418 22 isolate isolate VB 21781 418 23 the the DT 21781 418 24 vascular vascular JJ 21781 418 25 system system NN 21781 418 26 we -PRON- PRP 21781 418 27 should should MD 21781 418 28 have have VB 21781 418 29 the the DT 21781 418 30 complete complete JJ 21781 418 31 form form NN 21781 418 32 of of IN 21781 418 33 the the DT 21781 418 34 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 418 35 in in IN 21781 418 36 a a DT 21781 418 37 closely closely RB 21781 418 38 - - HYPH 21781 418 39 meshed mesh VBN 21781 418 40 network network NN 21781 418 41 . . . 21781 419 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 419 2 is be VBZ 21781 419 3 in in IN 21781 419 4 the the DT 21781 419 5 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 419 6 that that IN 21781 419 7 the the DT 21781 419 8 exchange exchange NN 21781 419 9 of of IN 21781 419 10 gases gas NNS 21781 419 11 occurs occur VBZ 21781 419 12 and and CC 21781 419 13 that that IN 21781 419 14 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 419 15 material material NN 21781 419 16 passes pass VBZ 21781 419 17 out out RP 21781 419 18 to to IN 21781 419 19 the the DT 21781 419 20 tissues tissue NNS 21781 419 21 and and CC 21781 419 22 katastases katastase NNS 21781 419 23 in in RP 21781 419 24 from from IN 21781 419 25 them -PRON- PRP 21781 419 26 ; ; : 21781 419 27 they -PRON- PRP 21781 419 28 are be VBP 21781 419 29 the the DT 21781 419 30 essential essential JJ 21781 419 31 factor factor NN 21781 419 32 in in IN 21781 419 33 the the DT 21781 419 34 circulatory circulatory JJ 21781 419 35 system system NN 21781 419 36 of of IN 21781 419 37 the the DT 21781 419 38 mammal-- mammal-- JJ 21781 419 39 veins vein NNS 21781 419 40 , , , 21781 419 41 arteries artery NNS 21781 419 42 , , , 21781 419 43 and and CC 21781 419 44 heart heart NN 21781 419 45 simply simply RB 21781 419 46 exist exist VBP 21781 419 47 to to TO 21781 419 48 remove remove VB 21781 419 49 and and CC 21781 419 50 replace replace VB 21781 419 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 419 52 contents content NNS 21781 419 53 . . . 21781 420 1 The the DT 21781 420 2 details detail NNS 21781 420 3 of of IN 21781 420 4 the the DT 21781 420 5 branching branching NN 21781 420 6 of of IN 21781 420 7 the the DT 21781 420 8 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 420 9 artery artery NN 21781 420 10 and and CC 21781 420 11 the the DT 21781 420 12 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 420 13 veins vein NNS 21781 420 14 need nee MD 21781 420 15 not not RB 21781 420 16 detain detain VB 21781 420 17 us -PRON- PRP 21781 420 18 now now RB 21781 420 19 . . . 21781 421 1 Section section NN 21781 421 2 48 48 CD 21781 421 3 . . . 21781 422 1 Summarising summarise VBG 21781 422 2 the the DT 21781 422 3 course course NN 21781 422 4 of of IN 21781 422 5 the the DT 21781 422 6 circulation circulation NN 21781 422 7 , , , 21781 422 8 starting start VBG 21781 422 9 from from IN 21781 422 10 the the DT 21781 422 11 right right JJ 21781 422 12 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 422 13 , , , 21781 422 14 we -PRON- PRP 21781 422 15 have-- have-- VBP 21781 422 16 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 422 17 artery artery NN 21781 422 18 , , , 21781 422 19 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 422 20 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 422 21 , , , 21781 422 22 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 422 23 vein vein NN 21781 422 24 , , , 21781 422 25 left leave VBD 21781 422 26 auricle auricle NN 21781 422 27 , , , 21781 422 28 left leave VBD 21781 422 29 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 422 30 , , , 21781 422 31 aorta aorta NNP 21781 422 32 , , , 21781 422 33 arteries artery NNS 21781 422 34 , , , 21781 422 35 and and CC 21781 422 36 systemic systemic JJ 21781 422 37 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 422 38 . . . 21781 423 1 After after IN 21781 423 2 this this DT 21781 423 3 , , , 21781 423 4 from from IN 21781 423 5 all all DT 21781 423 6 parts part NNS 21781 423 7 except except IN 21781 423 8 the the DT 21781 423 9 spleen spleen NN 21781 423 10 and and CC 21781 423 11 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 423 12 canal canal NN 21781 423 13 , , , 21781 423 14 the the DT 21781 423 15 blood blood NN 21781 423 16 returns return VBZ 21781 423 17 to to IN 21781 423 18 systemic systemic JJ 21781 423 19 veins vein NNS 21781 423 20 , , , 21781 423 21 superior superior JJ 21781 423 22 or or CC 21781 423 23 inferior inferior JJ 21781 423 24 cavae cavae NNP 21781 423 25 , , , 21781 423 26 right right JJ 21781 423 27 auricle auricle NN 21781 423 28 , , , 21781 423 29 and and CC 21781 423 30 right right JJ 21781 423 31 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 423 32 . . . 21781 424 1 The the DT 21781 424 2 blood blood NN 21781 424 3 from from IN 21781 424 4 the the DT 21781 424 5 stomach stomach NN 21781 424 6 spleen spleen NN 21781 424 7 , , , 21781 424 8 and and CC 21781 424 9 intestines intestine VBZ 21781 424 10 however however RB 21781 424 11 , , , 21781 424 12 passes pass VBZ 21781 424 13 via via IN 21781 424 14 { { -LRB- 21781 424 15 through through IN 21781 424 16 } } -RRB- 21781 424 17 the the DT 21781 424 18 portal portal JJ 21781 424 19 vein vein NN 21781 424 20 to to IN 21781 424 21 the the DT 21781 424 22 liver liver NN 21781 424 23 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 424 24 and and CC 21781 424 25 then then RB 21781 424 26 through through IN 21781 424 27 the the DT 21781 424 28 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 424 29 vein vein NN 21781 424 30 to to IN 21781 424 31 inferior inferior JJ 21781 424 32 cava cava NN 21781 424 33 , , , 21781 424 34 and and CC 21781 424 35 so so RB 21781 424 36 on on RB 21781 424 37 . . . 21781 425 1 Material material NN 21781 425 2 leaves leave VBZ 21781 425 3 the the DT 21781 425 4 blood blood NN 21781 425 5 to to TO 21781 425 6 be be VB 21781 425 7 excreted excrete VBN 21781 425 8 in in IN 21781 425 9 lungs lung NNS 21781 425 10 , , , 21781 425 11 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 425 12 , , , 21781 425 13 by by IN 21781 425 14 the the DT 21781 425 15 skin skin NN 21781 425 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 425 17 as as IN 21781 425 18 perspiration perspiration NN 21781 425 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 425 20 , , , 21781 425 21 and and CC 21781 425 22 elsewhere elsewhere RB 21781 425 23 . . . 21781 426 1 New new JJ 21781 426 2 material material NN 21781 426 3 enters enter VBZ 21781 426 4 most most RBS 21781 426 5 conspicuously conspicuously RB 21781 426 6 ; ; : 21781 426 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 426 8 a a LS 21781 426 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 426 10 by by IN 21781 426 11 the the DT 21781 426 12 portal portal JJ 21781 426 13 veins vein NNS 21781 426 14 portal portal JJ 21781 426 15 veins vein NNS 21781 426 16 and and CC 21781 426 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 426 18 b b NN 21781 426 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 426 20 by by IN 21781 426 21 the the DT 21781 426 22 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 426 23 duct duct NN 21781 426 24 and and CC 21781 426 25 left leave VBD 21781 426 26 superior superior JJ 21781 426 27 cava cava NN 21781 426 28 . . . 21781 427 1 Section section NN 21781 427 2 49 49 CD 21781 427 3 . . . 21781 428 1 The the DT 21781 428 2 following follow VBG 21781 428 3 table table NN 21781 428 4 summarises summarise VBZ 21781 428 5 what what WP 21781 428 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 428 7 have have VBP 21781 428 8 learnt learn VBN 21781 428 9 up up RP 21781 428 10 to to IN 21781 428 11 the the DT 21781 428 12 present present NN 21781 428 13 of of IN 21781 428 14 the the DT 21781 428 15 physiology physiology NN 21781 428 16 of of IN 21781 428 17 the the DT 21781 428 18 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 428 19 , , , 21781 428 20 considered consider VBN 21781 428 21 as as IN 21781 428 22 a a DT 21781 428 23 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 428 24 using use VBG 21781 428 25 up up RP 21781 428 26 food food NN 21781 428 27 and and CC 21781 428 28 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 428 29 and and CC 21781 428 30 disengaging disengage VBG 21781 428 31 energy:-- energy:-- '' 21781 428 32 -Air -Air . 21781 428 33 _ _ NNP 21781 428 34 { { -LRB- 21781 428 35 Nitrogen Nitrogen NNP 21781 428 36 ... ... NFP 21781 428 37 returned return VBD 21781 428 38 unchanged unchanged JJ 21781 428 39 . . . 21781 428 40 } } -RRB- 21781 429 1 { { -LRB- 21781 429 2 Oxygen oxygen NN 21781 429 3 ... ... NFP 21781 429 4 through through IN 21781 429 5 Pulmonary Pulmonary NNP 21781 429 6 Vein Vein NNP 21781 429 7 to-- to-- NNP 21781 429 8 } } -RRB- 21781 429 9 { { -LRB- 21781 429 10 see see VB 21781 429 11 3 3 CD 21781 429 12 . . . 21781 429 13 } } -RRB- 21781 430 1 -Food -Food : 21781 430 2 _ _ NNP 21781 430 3 { { -LRB- 21781 430 4 Carbo Carbo NNP 21781 430 5 - - HYPH 21781 430 6 Hydrates Hydrates NNP 21781 430 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 430 8 Starch Starch NNP 21781 430 9 , , , 21781 430 10 Sugar Sugar NNP 21781 430 11 , , , 21781 430 12 Cellulose Cellulose NNP 21781 430 13 . . . 21781 430 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 430 15 } } -RRB- 21781 431 1 Sugar sugar NN 21781 431 2 . . . 21781 432 1 { { -LRB- 21781 432 2 Protein protein NN 21781 432 3 . . . 21781 432 4 } } -RRB- 21781 433 1 { { -LRB- 21781 433 2 Peptones Peptones NNP 21781 433 3 . . . 21781 433 4 } } -RRB- 21781 434 1 { { -LRB- 21781 434 2 Fat fat NN 21781 434 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 434 4 little little JJ 21781 434 5 in in IN 21781 434 6 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 434 7 . . . 21781 434 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 434 9 } } -RRB- 21781 435 1 { { -LRB- 21781 435 2 Glycerine Glycerine NNP 21781 435 3 , , , 21781 435 4 and and CC 21781 435 5 fatty fatty NN 21781 435 6 acids acid NNS 21781 435 7 in in IN 21781 435 8 soups soup NNS 21781 435 9 . . . 21781 435 10 } } -RRB- 21781 436 1 { { -LRB- 21781 436 2 Rejected reject VBN 21781 436 3 matter matter NN 21781 436 4 got get VBD 21781 436 5 rid rid VBN 21781 436 6 of of IN 21781 436 7 in in IN 21781 436 8 Defaecation Defaecation NNP 21781 436 9 . . . 21781 436 10 } } -RRB- 21781 437 1 1a 1a LS 21781 437 2 . . . 21781 438 1 { { -LRB- 21781 438 2 Chyle Chyle NNP 21781 438 3 in in IN 21781 438 4 Lacteals lacteal NNS 21781 438 5 going go VBG 21781 438 6 via via IN 21781 438 7 { { -LRB- 21781 438 8 through through IN 21781 438 9 } } -RRB- 21781 438 10 Thoracic Thoracic NNP 21781 438 11 Duct Duct NNP 21781 438 12 and and CC 21781 438 13 Left leave VBD 21781 438 14 Superior Superior NNP 21781 438 15 Cava Cava NNP 21781 438 16 to-- to-- NNP 21781 438 17 } } -RRB- 21781 438 18 { { -LRB- 21781 438 19 see see VB 21781 438 20 2 2 CD 21781 438 21 . . . 21781 438 22 } } -RRB- 21781 439 1 1b 1b CD 21781 439 2 . . . 21781 440 1 { { -LRB- 21781 440 2 Veins Veins NNP 21781 440 3 of of IN 21781 440 4 Villi-- Villi-- NNP 21781 440 5 } } -RRB- 21781 440 6 { { -LRB- 21781 440 7 Portal Portal NNP 21781 440 8 Vein-- Vein-- NNP 21781 440 9 } } -RRB- 21781 440 10 { { -LRB- 21781 440 11 Liver-- Liver-- VBZ 21781 440 12 } } -RRB- 21781 440 13 { { -LRB- 21781 440 14 Hepatic Hepatic NNP 21781 440 15 Vein Vein NNP 21781 440 16 and and CC 21781 440 17 Inferior Inferior NNP 21781 440 18 Cava Cava NNP 21781 440 19 to-- to-- NNP 21781 440 20 } } -RRB- 21781 440 21 { { -LRB- 21781 440 22 see see VB 21781 440 23 2 2 CD 21781 440 24 . . . 21781 440 25 } } -RRB- 21781 441 1 2 2 LS 21781 441 2 . . . 21781 442 1 { { -LRB- 21781 442 2 Right right JJ 21781 442 3 side side NN 21781 442 4 of of IN 21781 442 5 heart heart NN 21781 442 6 ; ; : 21781 442 7 then then RB 21781 442 8 to to IN 21781 442 9 lungs lung NNS 21781 442 10 , , , 21781 442 11 and and CC 21781 442 12 then then RB 21781 442 13 to-- to-- NNP 21781 442 14 } } -RRB- 21781 442 15 { { -LRB- 21781 442 16 see see VB 21781 442 17 3 3 CD 21781 442 18 . . . 21781 442 19 } } -RRB- 21781 443 1 3 3 LS 21781 443 2 . . . 21781 444 1 { { -LRB- 21781 444 2 Left left JJ 21781 444 3 side side NN 21781 444 4 of of IN 21781 444 5 heart heart NN 21781 444 6 ; ; : 21781 444 7 whence whence NN 21781 444 8 to to IN 21781 444 9 Systemic Systemic NNP 21781 444 10 Arteries Arteries NNPS 21781 444 11 and and CC 21781 444 12 Capillaries Capillaries NNPS 21781 444 13 . . . 21781 444 14 } } -RRB- 21781 445 1 4 4 LS 21781 445 2 . . . 21781 446 1 { { -LRB- 21781 446 2 The the DT 21781 446 3 tissues tissue NNS 21781 446 4 and and CC 21781 446 5 -Kataboly -Kataboly NNP 21781 446 6 _ _ NNP 21781 446 7 . . . 21781 446 8 } } -RRB- 21781 447 1 5 5 CD 21781 447 2 . . . 21781 448 1 { { -LRB- 21781 448 2 Urea Urea NNP 21781 448 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 448 4 ? ? . 21781 448 5 Liver Liver NNP 21781 448 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 448 7 Kidney Kidney NNP 21781 448 8 and and CC 21781 448 9 Sweat Sweat NNP 21781 448 10 Glands Glands NNPS 21781 448 11 } } -RRB- 21781 448 12 { { -LRB- 21781 448 13 CO2 CO2 NNP 21781 448 14 } } -RRB- 21781 448 15 { { -LRB- 21781 448 16 Lungs lung NNS 21781 448 17 } } -RRB- 21781 448 18 { { -LRB- 21781 448 19 H2O h2o NN 21781 448 20 } } -RRB- 21781 448 21 { { -LRB- 21781 448 22 Lungs Lungs NNPS 21781 448 23 , , , 21781 448 24 Kidney Kidney NNP 21781 448 25 , , , 21781 448 26 Sweat Sweat NNP 21781 448 27 Glands Glands NNPS 21781 448 28 } } -RRB- 21781 448 29 { { -LRB- 21781 448 30 Other other JJ 21781 448 31 Substances substance NNS 21781 448 32 } } -RRB- 21781 448 33 { { -LRB- 21781 448 34 Mainly mainly RB 21781 448 35 by by IN 21781 448 36 [ [ -LRB- 21781 448 37 Kidney kidney NN 21781 448 38 , , , 21781 448 39 ] ] -RRB- 21781 448 40 Liver Liver NNP 21781 448 41 and and CC 21781 448 42 Alimentary Alimentary NNP 21781 448 43 Canal Canal NNP 21781 448 44 } } -RRB- 21781 448 45 4 4 CD 21781 448 46 . . . 21781 449 1 _ _ NNP 21781 449 2 The the DT 21781 449 3 Amoeba Amoeba NNP 21781 449 4 . . . 21781 450 1 Cells cell NNS 21781 450 2 , , , 21781 450 3 and and CC 21781 450 4 Tissue Tissue NNP 21781 450 5 _ _ NNP 21781 450 6 Section Section NNP 21781 450 7 50 50 CD 21781 450 8 . . . 21781 451 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 451 2 have have VBP 21781 451 3 thus thus RB 21781 451 4 seen see VBN 21781 451 5 how how WRB 21781 451 6 the the DT 21781 451 7 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 451 8 material material NN 21781 451 9 is be VBZ 21781 451 10 taken take VBN 21781 451 11 into into IN 21781 451 12 the the DT 21781 451 13 animal animal NN 21781 451 14 's 's POS 21781 451 15 system system NN 21781 451 16 and and CC 21781 451 17 distributed distribute VBN 21781 451 18 over over IN 21781 451 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 451 20 body body NN 21781 451 21 , , , 21781 451 22 and and CC 21781 451 23 incidentally incidentally RB 21781 451 24 , , , 21781 451 25 we -PRON- PRP 21781 451 26 have have VBP 21781 451 27 noted note VBN 21781 451 28 how how WRB 21781 451 29 the the DT 21781 451 30 resultant resultant JJ 21781 451 31 products product NNS 21781 451 32 of of IN 21781 451 33 the the DT 21781 451 34 creature creature NN 21781 451 35 's 's POS 21781 451 36 activity activity NN 21781 451 37 are be VBP 21781 451 38 removed remove VBN 21781 451 39 . . . 21781 452 1 The the DT 21781 452 2 essence essence NN 21781 452 3 of of IN 21781 452 4 the the DT 21781 452 5 whole whole JJ 21781 452 6 process process NN 21781 452 7 , , , 21781 452 8 as as IN 21781 452 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 452 10 have have VBP 21781 452 11 already already RB 21781 452 12 stated state VBN 21781 452 13 , , , 21781 452 14 is be VBZ 21781 452 15 the the DT 21781 452 16 decomposition decomposition NN 21781 452 17 and and CC 21781 452 18 partial partial JJ 21781 452 19 oxydation oxydation NN 21781 452 20 of of IN 21781 452 21 certain certain JJ 21781 452 22 complex complex JJ 21781 452 23 chemical chemical JJ 21781 452 24 compounds compound NNS 21781 452 25 to to IN 21781 452 26 water water NN 21781 452 27 , , , 21781 452 28 carbon carbon NN 21781 452 29 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 452 30 , , , 21781 452 31 a a DT 21781 452 32 low low JJ 21781 452 33 nitrogenous nitrogenous JJ 21781 452 34 body body NN 21781 452 35 , , , 21781 452 36 which which WDT 21781 452 37 finally finally RB 21781 452 38 takes take VBZ 21781 452 39 the the DT 21781 452 40 form form NN 21781 452 41 of of IN 21781 452 42 urea urea NNP 21781 452 43 , , , 21781 452 44 and and CC 21781 452 45 other other JJ 21781 452 46 substances substance NNS 21781 452 47 . . . 21781 453 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 453 2 may may MD 21781 453 3 now now RB 21781 453 4 go go VB 21781 453 5 on on RP 21781 453 6 to to IN 21781 453 7 a a DT 21781 453 8 more more RBR 21781 453 9 detailed detailed JJ 21781 453 10 study study NN 21781 453 11 , , , 21781 453 12 the the DT 21781 453 13 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 453 14 study study NN 21781 453 15 , , , 21781 453 16 or or CC 21781 453 17 histology histology NN 21781 453 18 , , , 21781 453 19 of of IN 21781 453 20 the the DT 21781 453 21 tissues tissue NNS 21781 453 22 in in IN 21781 453 23 which which WDT 21781 453 24 metaboly metaboly NNP 21781 453 25 and and CC 21781 453 26 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 453 27 occur occur VBP 21781 453 28 , , , 21781 453 29 but but CC 21781 453 30 before before IN 21781 453 31 we -PRON- PRP 21781 453 32 do do VBP 21781 453 33 this this DT 21781 453 34 it -PRON- PRP 21781 453 35 will will MD 21781 453 36 be be VB 21781 453 37 convenient convenient JJ 21781 453 38 to to TO 21781 453 39 glance glance VB 21781 453 40 for for IN 21781 453 41 a a DT 21781 453 42 moment moment NN 21781 453 43 at at IN 21781 453 44 another another DT 21781 453 45 of of IN 21781 453 46 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 453 47 animal animal NN 21781 453 48 types-- types-- NN 21781 453 49 the the DT 21781 453 50 Amoeba Amoeba NNP 21781 453 51 , , , 21781 453 52 the the DT 21781 453 53 lowest low JJS 21781 453 54 as as IN 21781 453 55 the the DT 21781 453 56 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 453 57 is be VBZ 21781 453 58 the the DT 21781 453 59 highest high JJS 21781 453 60 , , , 21781 453 61 in in IN 21781 453 62 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 453 63 series series NN 21781 453 64 . . . 21781 454 1 Section section NN 21781 454 2 51 51 CD 21781 454 3 . . . 21781 455 1 This this DT 21781 455 2 is be VBZ 21781 455 3 shown show VBN 21781 455 4 in in IN 21781 455 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 455 6 III III NNP 21781 455 7 . . . 21781 455 8 , , , 21781 455 9 Sheet sheet NN 21781 455 10 3 3 CD 21781 455 11 , , , 21781 455 12 as as IN 21781 455 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 455 14 would would MD 21781 455 15 appear appear VB 21781 455 16 under under IN 21781 455 17 the the DT 21781 455 18 low low JJ 21781 455 19 power power NN 21781 455 20 of of IN 21781 455 21 the the DT 21781 455 22 microscope microscope NN 21781 455 23 . . . 21781 456 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 456 2 have have VBP 21781 456 3 a a DT 21781 456 4 mass mass NN 21781 456 5 of of IN 21781 456 6 a a DT 21781 456 7 clear clear JJ 21781 456 8 , , , 21781 456 9 transparent transparent JJ 21781 456 10 , , , 21781 456 11 greyish greyish NN 21781 456 12 substance substance NN 21781 456 13 called call VBN 21781 456 14 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 456 15 , , , 21781 456 16 granular granular JJ 21781 456 17 in in IN 21781 456 18 places place NNS 21781 456 19 , , , 21781 456 20 and and CC 21781 456 21 with with IN 21781 456 22 a a DT 21781 456 23 clearer clear JJR 21781 456 24 border border NN 21781 456 25 ; ; : 21781 456 26 within within IN 21781 456 27 this this DT 21781 456 28 is be VBZ 21781 456 29 a a DT 21781 456 30 denser denser NN 21781 456 31 portion portion NN 21781 456 32 called call VBN 21781 456 33 the the DT 21781 456 34 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 456 35 , , , 21781 456 36 or or CC 21781 456 37 endoplast endoplast NN 21781 456 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 456 39 n. n. NNP 21781 456 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 456 41 , , , 21781 456 42 which which WDT 21781 456 43 , , , 21781 456 44 under under IN 21781 456 45 the the DT 21781 456 46 microscope microscope NN 21781 456 47 , , , 21781 456 48 by by IN 21781 456 49 transmitted transmit VBN 21781 456 50 light light NN 21781 456 51 , , , 21781 456 52 appear appear VB 21781 456 53 brighter bright JJR 21781 456 54 , , , 21781 456 55 and and CC 21781 456 56 within within IN 21781 456 57 that that DT 21781 456 58 a a DT 21781 456 59 still still RB 21781 456 60 denser denser NN 21781 456 61 spot spot NN 21781 456 62 , , , 21781 456 63 the the DT 21781 456 64 nucleolus nucleolus NNP 21781 456 65 ( ( -LRB- 21781 456 66 ns ns NNP 21781 456 67 . . . 21781 456 68 ) ) -RRB- 21781 457 1 or or CC 21781 457 2 endoplastule endoplastule NNP 21781 457 3 . . . 21781 458 1 The the DT 21781 458 2 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 458 3 is be VBZ 21781 458 4 more more RBR 21781 458 5 or or CC 21781 458 6 less less RBR 21781 458 7 extensively extensively RB 21781 458 8 excavated excavate VBN 21781 458 9 by by IN 21781 458 10 fluid fluid JJ 21781 458 11 spaces space NNS 21781 458 12 , , , 21781 458 13 vacuoles vacuole NNS 21781 458 14 ; ; : 21781 458 15 one one CD 21781 458 16 clearer clear JJR 21781 458 17 circular circular JJ 21781 458 18 space space NN 21781 458 19 or or CC 21781 458 20 vacuole vacuole NNP 21781 458 21 , , , 21781 458 22 which which WDT 21781 458 23 is be VBZ 21781 458 24 invariably invariably RB 21781 458 25 present present JJ 21781 458 26 , , , 21781 458 27 appears appear VBZ 21781 458 28 at at IN 21781 458 29 intervals interval NNS 21781 458 30 , , , 21781 458 31 enlarges enlarge NNS 21781 458 32 gradually gradually RB 21781 458 33 , , , 21781 458 34 and and CC 21781 458 35 then then RB 21781 458 36 vanishes vanish VBZ 21781 458 37 abruptly abruptly RB 21781 458 38 , , , 21781 458 39 to to TO 21781 458 40 reappear reappear VB 21781 458 41 after after IN 21781 458 42 a a DT 21781 458 43 brief brief JJ 21781 458 44 interval interval NN 21781 458 45 ; ; : 21781 458 46 this this DT 21781 458 47 is be VBZ 21781 458 48 called call VBN 21781 458 49 the the DT 21781 458 50 contractile contractile NNP 21781 458 51 vacuole vacuole NNP 21781 458 52 ( ( -LRB- 21781 458 53 c.v c.v NNP 21781 458 54 . . NNP 21781 458 55 ) ) -RRB- 21781 458 56 . . . 21781 459 1 The the DT 21781 459 2 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 459 3 is be VBZ 21781 459 4 constantly constantly RB 21781 459 5 changing change VBG 21781 459 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 459 7 shape shape NN 21781 459 8 , , , 21781 459 9 whence whence IN 21781 459 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 459 11 older old JJR 21781 459 12 name name NN 21781 459 13 of of IN 21781 459 14 the the DT 21781 459 15 Proteus Proteus NNP 21781 459 16 animalcule animalcule NN 21781 459 17 , , , 21781 459 18 thrusting thrust VBG 21781 459 19 out out RP 21781 459 20 masses masse NNS 21781 459 21 of of IN 21781 459 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 459 23 substance substance NN 21781 459 24 in in IN 21781 459 25 one one CD 21781 459 26 direction direction NN 21781 459 27 , , , 21781 459 28 and and CC 21781 459 29 withdrawing withdraw VBG 21781 459 30 from from IN 21781 459 31 another another DT 21781 459 32 , , , 21781 459 33 and and CC 21781 459 34 hence hence RB 21781 459 35 slowly slowly RB 21781 459 36 creeping creep VBG 21781 459 37 about about IN 21781 459 38 . . . 21781 460 1 These these DT 21781 460 2 thrust thrust VBN 21781 460 3 - - HYPH 21781 460 4 out out RP 21781 460 5 parts part NNS 21781 460 6 , , , 21781 460 7 in in IN 21781 460 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 460 9 outline outline NN 21781 460 10 , , , 21781 460 11 are be VBP 21781 460 12 called call VBN 21781 460 13 pseudopodia pseudopodia NNP 21781 460 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 460 15 ps ps NNP 21781 460 16 . . . 21781 460 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 460 18 . . . 21781 461 1 By by IN 21781 461 2 means mean NNS 21781 461 3 of of IN 21781 461 4 them -PRON- PRP 21781 461 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 461 6 gradually gradually RB 21781 461 7 creeps creep VBZ 21781 461 8 round round RB 21781 461 9 and and CC 21781 461 10 encloses enclose VBZ 21781 461 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 461 12 food food NN 21781 461 13 . . . 21781 462 1 Little little JJ 21781 462 2 particles particle NNS 21781 462 3 of of IN 21781 462 4 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 462 5 matter matter NN 21781 462 6 are be VBP 21781 462 7 usually usually RB 21781 462 8 to to TO 21781 462 9 be be VB 21781 462 10 detected detect VBN 21781 462 11 in in IN 21781 462 12 the the DT 21781 462 13 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 21781 462 14 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 462 15 of of IN 21781 462 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 462 17 body body NN 21781 462 18 ; ; : 21781 462 19 commonly commonly RB 21781 462 20 these these DT 21781 462 21 are be VBP 21781 462 22 surrounded surround VBN 21781 462 23 by by IN 21781 462 24 a a DT 21781 462 25 drop drop NN 21781 462 26 of of IN 21781 462 27 water water NN 21781 462 28 taken take VBN 21781 462 29 in in RP 21781 462 30 with with IN 21781 462 31 them -PRON- PRP 21781 462 32 , , , 21781 462 33 and and CC 21781 462 34 the the DT 21781 462 35 drop drop NN 21781 462 36 of of IN 21781 462 37 water water NN 21781 462 38 is be VBZ 21781 462 39 then then RB 21781 462 40 called call VBN 21781 462 41 a a DT 21781 462 42 food food NN 21781 462 43 vacuole vacuole NN 21781 462 44 . . . 21781 463 1 The the DT 21781 463 2 process process NN 21781 463 3 of of IN 21781 463 4 taking take VBG 21781 463 5 in in RP 21781 463 6 food food NN 21781 463 7 is be VBZ 21781 463 8 called call VBN 21781 463 9 ingestion ingestion NN 21781 463 10 . . . 21781 464 1 The the DT 21781 464 2 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 464 3 , , , 21781 464 4 in in IN 21781 464 5 all all DT 21781 464 6 probability probability NN 21781 464 7 , , , 21781 464 8 performs perform VBZ 21781 464 9 essentially essentially RB 21781 464 10 the the DT 21781 464 11 same same JJ 21781 464 12 chemical chemical NN 21781 464 13 process process NN 21781 464 14 as as IN 21781 464 15 we -PRON- PRP 21781 464 16 have have VBP 21781 464 17 summarised summarise VBN 21781 464 18 in in IN 21781 464 19 Sections section NNS 21781 464 20 10 10 CD 21781 464 21 , , , 21781 464 22 11 11 CD 21781 464 23 , , , 21781 464 24 12 12 CD 21781 464 25 ; ; : 21781 464 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 464 27 ingests ingest VBZ 21781 464 28 food food NN 21781 464 29 , , , 21781 464 30 digests digest VBZ 21781 464 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 464 32 in in IN 21781 464 33 the the DT 21781 464 34 food food NN 21781 464 35 vacuoles vacuole NNS 21781 464 36 and and CC 21781 464 37 builds build VBZ 21781 464 38 it -PRON- PRP 21781 464 39 up up RP 21781 464 40 into into IN 21781 464 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 464 42 body body NN 21781 464 43 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 464 44 , , , 21781 464 45 to to TO 21781 464 46 undergo undergo VB 21781 464 47 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 464 48 and and CC 21781 464 49 furnish furnish VB 21781 464 50 the the DT 21781 464 51 force force NN 21781 464 52 of of IN 21781 464 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 464 54 motion-- motion-- NNP 21781 464 55 the the DT 21781 464 56 contractile contractile NNP 21781 464 57 vacuole vacuole NNP 21781 464 58 , , , 21781 464 59 is be VBZ 21781 464 60 probably probably RB 21781 464 61 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 464 62 and and CC 21781 464 63 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 464 64 excretory excretory NN 21781 464 65 , , , 21781 464 66 accumulating accumulate VBG 21781 464 67 and and CC 21781 464 68 then then RB 21781 464 69 , , , 21781 464 70 by by IN 21781 464 71 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 464 72 " " `` 21781 464 73 systole systole NN 21781 464 74 " " '' 21781 464 75 ( ( -LRB- 21781 464 76 compare compare VB 21781 464 77 Section Section NNP 21781 464 78 44 44 CD 21781 464 79 ) ) -RRB- 21781 464 80 , , , 21781 464 81 forcing force VBG 21781 464 82 out out IN 21781 464 83 of of IN 21781 464 84 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 464 85 body body NN 21781 464 86 , , , 21781 464 87 the the DT 21781 464 88 water water NN 21781 464 89 , , , 21781 464 90 carbon carbon NN 21781 464 91 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 464 92 , , , 21781 464 93 urea urea NNP 21781 464 94 , , , 21781 464 95 and and CC 21781 464 96 other other JJ 21781 464 97 katastases katastase NNS 21781 464 98 , , , 21781 464 99 which which WDT 21781 464 100 are be VBP 21781 464 101 formed form VBN 21781 464 102 concomitantly concomitantly RB 21781 464 103 with with IN 21781 464 104 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 464 105 activity activity NN 21781 464 106 . . . 21781 465 1 The the DT 21781 465 2 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 465 3 reproduces reproduce VBZ 21781 465 4 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 465 5 in in IN 21781 465 6 the the DT 21781 465 7 simplest simple JJS 21781 465 8 way way NN 21781 465 9 ; ; : 21781 465 10 the the DT 21781 465 11 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 465 12 occasionally occasionally RB 21781 465 13 divides divide VBZ 21781 465 14 into into IN 21781 465 15 two two CD 21781 465 16 portions portion NNS 21781 465 17 and and CC 21781 465 18 a a DT 21781 465 19 widening widen VBG 21781 465 20 fissure fissure NN 21781 465 21 in in IN 21781 465 22 the the DT 21781 465 23 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 465 24 of of IN 21781 465 25 the the DT 21781 465 26 animal animal NN 21781 465 27 's 's POS 21781 465 28 body body NN 21781 465 29 separates separate VBZ 21781 465 30 one one CD 21781 465 31 from from IN 21781 465 32 the the DT 21781 465 33 other other JJ 21781 465 34 . . . 21781 466 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 466 2 is be VBZ 21781 466 3 impossible impossible JJ 21781 466 4 to to TO 21781 466 5 say say VB 21781 466 6 that that IN 21781 466 7 one one NN 21781 466 8 is be VBZ 21781 466 9 the the DT 21781 466 10 parent parent NN 21781 466 11 cell cell NN 21781 466 12 , , , 21781 466 13 and and CC 21781 466 14 the the DT 21781 466 15 other other JJ 21781 466 16 the the DT 21781 466 17 offspring offspring NN 21781 466 18 ; ; : 21781 466 19 the the DT 21781 466 20 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 466 21 we -PRON- PRP 21781 466 22 merely merely RB 21781 466 23 perceive perceive VBP 21781 466 24 , , , 21781 466 25 was be VBD 21781 466 26 one one CD 21781 466 27 and and CC 21781 466 28 is be VBZ 21781 466 29 now now RB 21781 466 30 two two CD 21781 466 31 . . . 21781 467 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 467 2 is be VBZ 21781 467 3 curious curious JJ 21781 467 4 to to TO 21781 467 5 note note VB 21781 467 6 , , , 21781 467 7 therefore therefore RB 21781 467 8 , , , 21781 467 9 that that IN 21781 467 10 the the DT 21781 467 11 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 467 12 is be VBZ 21781 467 13 , , , 21781 467 14 in in IN 21781 467 15 a a DT 21781 467 16 sense sense NN 21781 467 17 , , , 21781 467 18 immortal-- immortal-- VB 21781 467 19 that that IN 21781 467 20 the the DT 21781 467 21 living live VBG 21781 467 22 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 467 23 of of IN 21781 467 24 one one CD 21781 467 25 of of IN 21781 467 26 these these DT 21781 467 27 minute minute NN 21781 467 28 creatures creature NNS 21781 467 29 that that WDT 21781 467 30 we -PRON- PRP 21781 467 31 examine examine VBP 21781 467 32 to to IN 21781 467 33 - - HYPH 21781 467 34 day day NN 21781 467 35 under under IN 21781 467 36 a a DT 21781 467 37 microscope microscope NN 21781 467 38 may may MD 21781 467 39 have have VB 21781 467 40 conceivably conceivably RB 21781 467 41 drawn draw VBN 21781 467 42 , , , 21781 467 43 out out RP 21781 467 44 an an DT 21781 467 45 unbroken unbroken JJ 21781 467 46 thread thread NN 21781 467 47 of of IN 21781 467 48 life life NN 21781 467 49 since since IN 21781 467 50 the the DT 21781 467 51 remotest remote JJS 21781 467 52 epochs epoch NNS 21781 467 53 of of IN 21781 467 54 the the DT 21781 467 55 world world NN 21781 467 56 's 's POS 21781 467 57 history history NN 21781 467 58 . . . 21781 468 1 Although although IN 21781 468 2 no no DT 21781 468 3 sexual sexual JJ 21781 468 4 intercourse intercourse NN 21781 468 5 can can MD 21781 468 6 be be VB 21781 468 7 observed observe VBN 21781 468 8 , , , 21781 468 9 there there EX 21781 468 10 is be VBZ 21781 468 11 reason reason NN 21781 468 12 to to TO 21781 468 13 believe believe VB 21781 468 14 that that IN 21781 468 15 a a DT 21781 468 16 process process NN 21781 468 17 of of IN 21781 468 18 supposed suppose VBN 21781 468 19 " " `` 21781 468 20 cannabalism cannabalism NN 21781 468 21 , , , 21781 468 22 " " '' 21781 468 23 in in IN 21781 468 24 which which WDT 21781 468 25 a a DT 21781 468 26 larger large JJR 21781 468 27 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 468 28 may may MD 21781 468 29 occasionally occasionally RB 21781 468 30 engulph engulph VB 21781 468 31 a a DT 21781 468 32 smaller small JJR 21781 468 33 one one NN 21781 468 34 , , , 21781 468 35 is be VBZ 21781 468 36 really really RB 21781 468 37 a a DT 21781 468 38 conjugative conjugative JJ 21781 468 39 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 468 40 process process NN 21781 468 41 , , , 21781 468 42 and and CC 21781 468 43 followed follow VBN 21781 468 44 by by IN 21781 468 45 increased increase VBN 21781 468 46 vitality vitality NN 21781 468 47 and and CC 21781 468 48 division division NN 21781 468 49 . . . 21781 469 1 Section section NN 21781 469 2 52 52 CD 21781 469 3 . . . 21781 470 1 Now now RB 21781 470 2 if if IN 21781 470 3 the the DT 21781 470 4 student student NN 21781 470 5 will will MD 21781 470 6 compare compare VB 21781 470 7 Section section NN 21781 470 8 35 35 CD 21781 470 9 , , , 21781 470 10 he -PRON- PRP 21781 470 11 will will MD 21781 470 12 see see VB 21781 470 13 that that IN 21781 470 14 in in IN 21781 470 15 the the DT 21781 470 16 white white JJ 21781 470 17 blood blood NN 21781 470 18 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 470 19 we -PRON- PRP 21781 470 20 have have VBP 21781 470 21 a a DT 21781 470 22 very very RB 21781 470 23 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 470 24 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 470 25 to to IN 21781 470 26 the the DT 21781 470 27 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 470 28 ; ; : 21781 470 29 the the DT 21781 470 30 contractile contractile NNP 21781 470 31 vacuole vacuole NNP 21781 470 32 is be VBZ 21781 470 33 absent absent JJ 21781 470 34 , , , 21781 470 35 but but CC 21781 470 36 we -PRON- PRP 21781 470 37 have have VBP 21781 470 38 the the DT 21781 470 39 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 21781 470 40 body body NN 21781 470 41 , , , 21781 470 42 the the DT 21781 470 43 nucleus nucleus NNP 21781 470 44 and and CC 21781 470 45 nucleolus nucleolus NNP 21781 470 46 , , , 21781 470 47 and and CC 21781 470 48 those those DT 21781 470 49 creeping creep VBG 21781 470 50 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 21781 470 51 of of IN 21781 470 52 shape shape NN 21781 470 53 through through IN 21781 470 54 the the DT 21781 470 55 thrusting thrust VBG 21781 470 56 out out RP 21781 470 57 and and CC 21781 470 58 withdrawal withdrawal NN 21781 470 59 of of IN 21781 470 60 pseudopodia pseudopodia NNP 21781 470 61 , , , 21781 470 62 which which WDT 21781 470 63 constitute constitute VBP 21781 470 64 " " `` 21781 470 65 amoeboid amoeboid NN 21781 470 66 " " '' 21781 470 67 motion motion NN 21781 470 68 . . . 21781 471 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 471 2 also also RB 21781 471 3 multiply multiply VBP 21781 471 4 , , , 21781 471 5 in in IN 21781 471 6 the the DT 21781 471 7 same same JJ 21781 471 8 way way NN 21781 471 9 , , , 21781 471 10 by by IN 21781 471 11 division division NN 21781 471 12 . . . 21781 472 1 Section section NN 21781 472 2 53 53 CD 21781 472 3 . . . 21781 473 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 473 2 is be VBZ 21781 473 3 not not RB 21781 473 4 only only RB 21781 473 5 in in IN 21781 473 6 the the DT 21781 473 7 white white JJ 21781 473 8 corpuscle corpuscle NN 21781 473 9 of of IN 21781 473 10 the the DT 21781 473 11 blood blood NN 21781 473 12 that that WDT 21781 473 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 473 14 find find VBP 21781 473 15 this this DT 21781 473 16 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 473 17 ; ; : 21781 473 18 in in IN 21781 473 19 all all PDT 21781 473 20 the the DT 21781 473 21 firmer firm JJR 21781 473 22 parts part NNS 21781 473 23 of of IN 21781 473 24 the the DT 21781 473 25 body body NN 21781 473 26 we -PRON- PRP 21781 473 27 find find VBP 21781 473 28 , , , 21781 473 29 on on IN 21781 473 30 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 473 31 examination examination NN 21781 473 32 , , , 21781 473 33 similar similar JJ 21781 473 34 little little JJ 21781 473 35 blebs blebs NN 21781 473 36 of of IN 21781 473 37 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 473 38 , , , 21781 473 39 and and CC 21781 473 40 at at IN 21781 473 41 an an DT 21781 473 42 early early JJ 21781 473 43 stage stage NN 21781 473 44 of of IN 21781 473 45 development development NN 21781 473 46 the the DT 21781 473 47 young young JJ 21781 473 48 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 473 49 is be VBZ 21781 473 50 simply simply RB 21781 473 51 one one CD 21781 473 52 mass mass NN 21781 473 53 of of IN 21781 473 54 these these DT 21781 473 55 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 21781 473 56 bodies body NNS 21781 473 57 . . . 21781 474 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 474 2 division division NN 21781 474 3 and and CC 21781 474 4 multiplication multiplication NN 21781 474 5 is be VBZ 21781 474 6 an an DT 21781 474 7 essential essential JJ 21781 474 8 condition condition NN 21781 474 9 , , , 21781 474 10 of of IN 21781 474 11 growth growth NN 21781 474 12 . . . 21781 475 1 Through through IN 21781 475 2 an an DT 21781 475 3 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 21781 475 4 accident accident NN 21781 475 5 , , , 21781 475 6 these these DT 21781 475 7 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 21781 475 8 blebs blebs NN 21781 475 9 , , , 21781 475 10 which which WDT 21781 475 11 constitute constitute VBP 21781 475 12 the the DT 21781 475 13 living live VBG 21781 475 14 basis basis NN 21781 475 15 of of IN 21781 475 16 the the DT 21781 475 17 animal animal NN 21781 475 18 body body NN 21781 475 19 , , , 21781 475 20 have have VBP 21781 475 21 come come VBN 21781 475 22 to to TO 21781 475 23 be be VB 21781 475 24 styled style VBN 21781 475 25 " " `` 21781 475 26 cells cell NNS 21781 475 27 , , , 21781 475 28 " " '' 21781 475 29 though though IN 21781 475 30 the the DT 21781 475 31 term term NN 21781 475 32 " " `` 21781 475 33 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 475 34 " " '' 21781 475 35 is be VBZ 21781 475 36 far far RB 21781 475 37 more more RBR 21781 475 38 appropriate appropriate JJ 21781 475 39 . . . 21781 476 1 Section section NN 21781 476 2 54 54 CD 21781 476 3 . . . 21781 477 1 The the DT 21781 477 2 word word NN 21781 477 3 is be VBZ 21781 477 4 " " `` 21781 477 5 cell cell NN 21781 477 6 " " '' 21781 477 7 suggests suggest VBZ 21781 477 8 something something NN 21781 477 9 enclosed enclose VBN 21781 477 10 by by IN 21781 477 11 firm firm JJ 21781 477 12 and and CC 21781 477 13 definite definite JJ 21781 477 14 walls wall NNS 21781 477 15 , , , 21781 477 16 and and CC 21781 477 17 it -PRON- PRP 21781 477 18 was be VBD 21781 477 19 first first RB 21781 477 20 employed employ VBN 21781 477 21 in in IN 21781 477 22 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 477 23 histology histology NN 21781 477 24 . . . 21781 478 1 Unlike unlike IN 21781 478 2 the the DT 21781 478 3 typical typical JJ 21781 478 4 cells cell NNS 21781 478 5 of of IN 21781 478 6 animals animal NNS 21781 478 7 , , , 21781 478 8 the the DT 21781 478 9 cells cell NNS 21781 478 10 of of IN 21781 478 11 most most JJS 21781 478 12 plants plant NNS 21781 478 13 are be VBP 21781 478 14 not not RB 21781 478 15 naked naked JJ 21781 478 16 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 478 17 , , , 21781 478 18 but but CC 21781 478 19 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 478 20 enclosed enclose VBD 21781 478 21 in in IN 21781 478 22 a a DT 21781 478 23 wall wall NN 21781 478 24 of of IN 21781 478 25 substance substance NN 21781 478 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 478 27 cell cell NN 21781 478 28 wall wall NN 21781 478 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 478 30 called call VBD 21781 478 31 cellulose cellulose NNP 21781 478 32 . . . 21781 479 1 The the DT 21781 479 2 presence presence NN 21781 479 3 of of IN 21781 479 4 this this DT 21781 479 5 cellulose cellulose JJ 21781 479 6 cell cell NN 21781 479 7 wall wall NN 21781 479 8 , , , 21781 479 9 and and CC 21781 479 10 the the DT 21781 479 11 consequent consequent JJ 21781 479 12 necessity necessity NN 21781 479 13 of of IN 21781 479 14 feeding feed VBG 21781 479 15 entirely entirely RB 21781 479 16 upon upon IN 21781 479 17 liquids liquid NNS 21781 479 18 and and CC 21781 479 19 gases gas NNS 21781 479 20 that that WDT 21781 479 21 soak soak VBP 21781 479 22 through through IN 21781 479 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 479 24 instead instead RB 21781 479 25 of of IN 21781 479 26 being be VBG 21781 479 27 able able JJ 21781 479 28 to to TO 21781 479 29 ingest ingest VB 21781 479 30 a a DT 21781 479 31 portion portion NN 21781 479 32 of of IN 21781 479 33 solid solid JJ 21781 479 34 food food NN 21781 479 35 is be VBZ 21781 479 36 indeed indeed RB 21781 479 37 , , , 21781 479 38 the the DT 21781 479 39 primary primary JJ 21781 479 40 distinction distinction NN 21781 479 41 between between IN 21781 479 42 the the DT 21781 479 43 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 479 44 and and CC 21781 479 45 the the DT 21781 479 46 animal animal NN 21781 479 47 kingdoms kingdom NNS 21781 479 48 , , , 21781 479 49 as as RB 21781 479 50 ordinarily ordinarily RB 21781 479 51 considered consider VBN 21781 479 52 . . . 21781 480 1 Section section NN 21781 480 2 55 55 CD 21781 480 3 . . . 21781 481 1 Throughout throughout IN 21781 481 2 life life NN 21781 481 3 , , , 21781 481 4 millions million NNS 21781 481 5 of of IN 21781 481 6 these these DT 21781 481 7 cells cell NNS 21781 481 8 retain retain VBP 21781 481 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 481 10 primary primary JJ 21781 481 11 characters character NNS 21781 481 12 , , , 21781 481 13 and and CC 21781 481 14 constitute constitute VB 21781 481 15 the the DT 21781 481 16 white white JJ 21781 481 17 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 481 18 of of IN 21781 481 19 blood blood NN 21781 481 20 , , , 21781 481 21 " " `` 21781 481 22 phagocytes phagocyte NNS 21781 481 23 , , , 21781 481 24 " " '' 21781 481 25 and and CC 21781 481 26 connective connective JJ 21781 481 27 tissue tissue NN 21781 481 28 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 481 29 ; ; : 21781 481 30 others other NNS 21781 481 31 again again RB 21781 481 32 , , , 21781 481 33 engage engage VB 21781 481 34 in in IN 21781 481 35 the the DT 21781 481 36 formation formation NN 21781 481 37 of of IN 21781 481 38 material material NN 21781 481 39 round round IN 21781 481 40 themselves -PRON- PRP 21781 481 41 , , , 21781 481 42 and and CC 21781 481 43 lie lie VBP 21781 481 44 , , , 21781 481 45 in in IN 21781 481 46 such such JJ 21781 481 47 cases case NNS 21781 481 48 , , , 21781 481 49 as as IN 21781 481 50 gristle gristle NN 21781 481 51 and and CC 21781 481 52 bone bone NN 21781 481 53 , , , 21781 481 54 embedded embed VBN 21781 481 55 in in IN 21781 481 56 the the DT 21781 481 57 substance substance NN 21781 481 58 they -PRON- PRP 21781 481 59 have have VBP 21781 481 60 formed form VBN 21781 481 61 ; ; : 21781 481 62 others other NNS 21781 481 63 again again RB 21781 481 64 , , , 21781 481 65 undergo undergo VBP 21781 481 66 great great JJ 21781 481 67 changes change NNS 21781 481 68 in in IN 21781 481 69 form form NN 21781 481 70 and and CC 21781 481 71 internal internal JJ 21781 481 72 structure structure NN 21781 481 73 , , , 21781 481 74 and and CC 21781 481 75 become become VBP 21781 481 76 permanently permanently RB 21781 481 77 modified modified JJ 21781 481 78 into into IN 21781 481 79 , , , 21781 481 80 for for IN 21781 481 81 instance instance NN 21781 481 82 , , , 21781 481 83 nerve nerve NN 21781 481 84 fibres fibre NNS 21781 481 85 and and CC 21781 481 86 muscle muscle NN 21781 481 87 substance substance NN 21781 481 88 . . . 21781 482 1 The the DT 21781 482 2 various various JJ 21781 482 3 substances substance NNS 21781 482 4 arising arise VBG 21781 482 5 in in IN 21781 482 6 this this DT 21781 482 7 way way NN 21781 482 8 through through IN 21781 482 9 the the DT 21781 482 10 activity activity NN 21781 482 11 of of IN 21781 482 12 cells cell NNS 21781 482 13 are be VBP 21781 482 14 called call VBN 21781 482 15 tissues tissue NNS 21781 482 16 , , , 21781 482 17 the the DT 21781 482 18 building building NN 21781 482 19 materials material NNS 21781 482 20 of of IN 21781 482 21 that that DT 21781 482 22 complex complex JJ 21781 482 23 thing thing NN 21781 482 24 , , , 21781 482 25 the the DT 21781 482 26 animal animal NN 21781 482 27 body body NN 21781 482 28 . . . 21781 483 1 Since since IN 21781 483 2 such such PDT 21781 483 3 a a DT 21781 483 4 creature creature NN 21781 483 5 as as IN 21781 483 6 the the DT 21781 483 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 483 8 is be VBZ 21781 483 9 formed form VBN 21781 483 10 through through IN 21781 483 11 the the DT 21781 483 12 co co NN 21781 483 13 - - NN 21781 483 14 operation operation NN 21781 483 15 of of IN 21781 483 16 a a DT 21781 483 17 vast vast JJ 21781 483 18 multitude multitude NN 21781 483 19 of of IN 21781 483 20 cells cell NNS 21781 483 21 , , , 21781 483 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 483 23 is be VBZ 21781 483 24 called call VBN 21781 483 25 multicellular multicellular NNP 21781 483 26 ; ; : 21781 483 27 the the DT 21781 483 28 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 483 29 , , , 21781 483 30 on on IN 21781 483 31 the the DT 21781 483 32 other other JJ 21781 483 33 hand hand NN 21781 483 34 , , , 21781 483 35 is be VBZ 21781 483 36 unicellular unicellular JJ 21781 483 37 . . . 21781 484 1 The the DT 21781 484 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 484 3 may may MD 21781 484 4 be be VB 21781 484 5 thus thus RB 21781 484 6 regarded regard VBN 21781 484 7 as as IN 21781 484 8 a a DT 21781 484 9 vast vast JJ 21781 484 10 community community NN 21781 484 11 of of IN 21781 484 12 amoeboid amoeboid NN 21781 484 13 creatures creature NNS 21781 484 14 and and CC 21781 484 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 484 16 products product NNS 21781 484 17 . . . 21781 485 1 Section section NN 21781 485 2 56 56 CD 21781 485 3 . . . 21781 486 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 486 2 IV IV NNP 21781 486 3 . . NNP 21781 486 4 , , , 21781 486 5 Sheet sheet NN 21781 486 6 3 3 CD 21781 486 7 represents represent VBZ 21781 486 8 , , , 21781 486 9 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 21781 486 10 , , , 21781 486 11 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 486 12 tissue tissue NN 21781 486 13 , , , 21781 486 14 of of IN 21781 486 15 which which WDT 21781 486 16 , , , 21781 486 17 to to TO 21781 486 18 begin begin VB 21781 486 19 with with IN 21781 486 20 , , , 21781 486 21 the the DT 21781 486 22 whole whole JJ 21781 486 23 animal animal NN 21781 486 24 consists consist VBZ 21781 486 25 . . . 21781 487 1 The the DT 21781 487 2 cells cell NNS 21781 487 3 are be VBP 21781 487 4 all all DT 21781 487 5 living live VBG 21781 487 6 , , , 21781 487 7 capable capable JJ 21781 487 8 of of IN 21781 487 9 dividing divide VBG 21781 487 10 and and CC 21781 487 11 similar similar JJ 21781 487 12 , , , 21781 487 13 but but CC 21781 487 14 as as IN 21781 487 15 development development NN 21781 487 16 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 487 17 , , , 21781 487 18 they -PRON- PRP 21781 487 19 differentiate differentiate VBP 21781 487 20 , , , 21781 487 21 some some DT 21781 487 22 take take VBP 21781 487 23 on on RP 21781 487 24 one one CD 21781 487 25 kind kind NN 21781 487 26 of of IN 21781 487 27 duty duty NN 21781 487 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 487 29 function function NN 21781 487 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 487 31 , , , 21781 487 32 and and CC 21781 487 33 some some DT 21781 487 34 another another DT 21781 487 35 , , , 21781 487 36 like like IN 21781 487 37 boys boy NNS 21781 487 38 taking take VBG 21781 487 39 to to IN 21781 487 40 different different JJ 21781 487 41 trades trade NNS 21781 487 42 on on IN 21781 487 43 leaving leave VBG 21781 487 44 school school NN 21781 487 45 , , , 21781 487 46 and and CC 21781 487 47 wide wide JJ 21781 487 48 differences difference NNS 21781 487 49 in in IN 21781 487 50 structure structure NN 21781 487 51 and and CC 21781 487 52 interdependence interdependence NN 21781 487 53 become become VBP 21781 487 54 apparent apparent JJ 21781 487 55 . . . 21781 488 1 Section section NN 21781 488 2 57 57 CD 21781 488 3 . . . 21781 489 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 489 2 is be VBZ 21781 489 3 convenient convenient JJ 21781 489 4 to to TO 21781 489 5 divide divide VB 21781 489 6 tissues tissue NNS 21781 489 7 into into IN 21781 489 8 three three CD 21781 489 9 classes class NNS 21781 489 10 , , , 21781 489 11 though though IN 21781 489 12 the the DT 21781 489 13 divisions division NNS 21781 489 14 are be VBP 21781 489 15 by by IN 21781 489 16 no no DT 21781 489 17 means means NN 21781 489 18 clearly clearly RB 21781 489 19 marked mark VBN 21781 489 20 , , , 21781 489 21 nor nor CC 21781 489 22 have have VB 21781 489 23 they -PRON- PRP 21781 489 24 any any DT 21781 489 25 scientific scientific JJ 21781 489 26 value value NN 21781 489 27 . . . 21781 490 1 The the DT 21781 490 2 first first JJ 21781 490 3 of of IN 21781 490 4 these these DT 21781 490 5 comprises comprise NNS 21781 490 6 tissues tissue NNS 21781 490 7 composed compose VBN 21781 490 8 wholly wholly RB 21781 490 9 , , , 21781 490 10 or or CC 21781 490 11 with with IN 21781 490 12 the the DT 21781 490 13 exception exception NN 21781 490 14 of of IN 21781 490 15 an an DT 21781 490 16 almost almost RB 21781 490 17 imperceptible imperceptible JJ 21781 490 18 cementing cementing NN 21781 490 19 substance substance NN 21781 490 20 , , , 21781 490 21 of of IN 21781 490 22 cells cell NNS 21781 490 23 ; ; : 21781 490 24 the the DT 21781 490 25 second second JJ 21781 490 26 division division NN 21781 490 27 includes include VBZ 21781 490 28 the the DT 21781 490 29 skeletal skeletal JJ 21781 490 30 tissues tissue NNS 21781 490 31 , , , 21781 490 32 the the DT 21781 490 33 tissue tissue NN 21781 490 34 of of IN 21781 490 35 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 490 36 , , , 21781 490 37 and and CC 21781 490 38 the the DT 21781 490 39 connective connective JJ 21781 490 40 and and CC 21781 490 41 basement basement NN 21781 490 42 tissue tissue NN 21781 490 43 of of IN 21781 490 44 most most JJS 21781 490 45 of of IN 21781 490 46 the the DT 21781 490 47 organs organ NNS 21781 490 48 , , , 21781 490 49 tissues tissue NNS 21781 490 50 which which WDT 21781 490 51 , , , 21781 490 52 generally generally RB 21781 490 53 speaking speak VBG 21781 490 54 , , , 21781 490 55 consist consist VB 21781 490 56 of of IN 21781 490 57 a a DT 21781 490 58 matrix matrix NN 21781 490 59 or or CC 21781 490 60 embedding embed VBG 21781 490 61 substance substance NN 21781 490 62 , , , 21781 490 63 formed form VBN 21781 490 64 by by IN 21781 490 65 the the DT 21781 490 66 cells cell NNS 21781 490 67 and and CC 21781 490 68 outside outside IN 21781 490 69 of of IN 21781 490 70 them -PRON- PRP 21781 490 71 , , , 21781 490 72 as as RB 21781 490 73 well well RB 21781 490 74 as as IN 21781 490 75 the the DT 21781 490 76 cells cell NNS 21781 490 77 themselves -PRON- PRP 21781 490 78 ; ; : 21781 490 79 and and CC 21781 490 80 , , , 21781 490 81 thirdly thirdly RB 21781 490 82 , , , 21781 490 83 muscular muscular JJ 21781 490 84 and and CC 21781 490 85 nervous nervous JJ 21781 490 86 tissue tissue NN 21781 490 87 . . . 21781 491 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 491 2 shall shall MD 21781 491 3 study study VB 21781 491 4 the the DT 21781 491 5 former former JJ 21781 491 6 two two CD 21781 491 7 in in IN 21781 491 8 this this DT 21781 491 9 chapter chapter NN 21781 491 10 , , , 21781 491 11 and and CC 21781 491 12 defer defer VB 21781 491 13 the the DT 21781 491 14 third third JJ 21781 491 15 division division NN 21781 491 16 until until IN 21781 491 17 later later RB 21781 491 18 . . . 21781 492 1 Section section NN 21781 492 2 58 58 CD 21781 492 3 . . . 21781 493 1 The the DT 21781 493 2 outer outer JJ 21781 493 3 layer layer NN 21781 493 4 of of IN 21781 493 5 the the DT 21781 493 6 skin skin NN 21781 493 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 493 8 the the DT 21781 493 9 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 493 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 493 11 , , , 21781 493 12 the the DT 21781 493 13 inmost inmost JJ 21781 493 14 lining lining NN 21781 493 15 of of IN 21781 493 16 the the DT 21781 493 17 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 493 18 canal canal NN 21781 493 19 , , , 21781 493 20 the the DT 21781 493 21 lining lining NN 21781 493 22 of of IN 21781 493 23 the the DT 21781 493 24 body body NN 21781 493 25 cavity cavity NN 21781 493 26 , , , 21781 493 27 and and CC 21781 493 28 the the DT 21781 493 29 inner inner JJ 21781 493 30 linings lining NNS 21781 493 31 of of IN 21781 493 32 blood blood NN 21781 493 33 - - HYPH 21781 493 34 vessels vessel NNS 21781 493 35 , , , 21781 493 36 glands gland NNS 21781 493 37 , , , 21781 493 38 and and CC 21781 493 39 various various JJ 21781 493 40 ducts duct NNS 21781 493 41 constitute constitute VBP 21781 493 42 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 493 43 first first JJ 21781 493 44 division division NN 21781 493 45 . . . 21781 494 1 The the DT 21781 494 2 general general JJ 21781 494 3 name name NN 21781 494 4 for for IN 21781 494 5 such such JJ 21781 494 6 tissues tissue NNS 21781 494 7 is be VBZ 21781 494 8 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 494 9 . . . 21781 495 1 When when WRB 21781 495 2 the the DT 21781 495 3 cells cell NNS 21781 495 4 are be VBP 21781 495 5 more more RBR 21781 495 6 or or CC 21781 495 7 less less RBR 21781 495 8 flattened flattened JJ 21781 495 9 , , , 21781 495 10 they -PRON- PRP 21781 495 11 form form VBP 21781 495 12 squamous squamous JJ 21781 495 13 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 495 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 495 15 Figure figure NN 21781 495 16 VI VI NNP 21781 495 17 . . . 21781 495 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 496 1 such such JJ 21781 496 2 as as IN 21781 496 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 496 4 find find VBP 21781 496 5 lining line VBG 21781 496 6 the the DT 21781 496 7 inside inside NN 21781 496 8 of of IN 21781 496 9 a a DT 21781 496 10 man man NN 21781 496 11 's 's POS 21781 496 12 cheek cheek NN 21781 496 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 496 14 from from IN 21781 496 15 which which WDT 21781 496 16 the the DT 21781 496 17 cells cell NNS 21781 496 18 sq.ep sq.ep NNS 21781 496 19 . . . 21781 497 1 were be VBD 21781 497 2 taken take VBN 21781 497 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 497 4 or or CC 21781 497 5 covering cover VBG 21781 497 6 the the DT 21781 497 7 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 497 8 of of IN 21781 497 9 various various JJ 21781 497 10 types-- types-- NNP 21781 497 11 sq.end sq.end ADD 21781 497 12 . . . 21781 498 1 are be VBP 21781 498 2 from from IN 21781 498 3 the the DT 21781 498 4 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 498 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 498 6 Section section NN 21781 498 7 16 16 CD 21781 498 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 498 9 of of IN 21781 498 10 a a DT 21781 498 11 frog frog NN 21781 498 12 . . . 21781 499 1 A a DT 21781 499 2 short short JJ 21781 499 3 cylindroidal cylindroidal NN 21781 499 4 form form NN 21781 499 5 of of IN 21781 499 6 cell cell NN 21781 499 7 makes make VBZ 21781 499 8 up up RP 21781 499 9 columnar columnar JJ 21781 499 10 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 499 11 , , , 21781 499 12 seen see VBN 21781 499 13 typically typically RB 21781 499 14 in in IN 21781 499 15 the the DT 21781 499 16 cells cell NNS 21781 499 17 covering cover VBG 21781 499 18 the the DT 21781 499 19 villi villi NN 21781 499 20 of of IN 21781 499 21 the the DT 21781 499 22 duodenum duodenum NNP 21781 499 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 499 24 Figure Figure NNP 21781 499 25 V. V. NNP 21781 499 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 499 27 . . . 21781 500 1 This this DT 21781 500 2 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 500 3 of of IN 21781 500 4 the the DT 21781 500 5 villi villi NN 21781 500 6 has have VBZ 21781 500 7 the the DT 21781 500 8 outer outer JJ 21781 500 9 border border NN 21781 500 10 curiously curiously RB 21781 500 11 striated striate VBN 21781 500 12 , , , 21781 500 13 and and CC 21781 500 14 this this DT 21781 500 15 is be VBZ 21781 500 16 usually usually RB 21781 500 17 spoken speak VBN 21781 500 18 of of IN 21781 500 19 as as IN 21781 500 20 leading lead VBG 21781 500 21 towards towards IN 21781 500 22 " " `` 21781 500 23 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 500 24 " " '' 21781 500 25 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 500 26 , , , 21781 500 27 to to TO 21781 500 28 be be VB 21781 500 29 described describe VBN 21781 500 30 immediately immediately RB 21781 500 31 . . . 21781 501 1 The the DT 21781 501 2 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 501 3 of of IN 21781 501 4 the the DT 21781 501 5 epididermis epididermis NN 21781 501 6 is be VBZ 21781 501 7 stratified-- stratified-- JJ 21781 501 8 that that DT 21781 501 9 is be VBZ 21781 501 10 to to TO 21781 501 11 say say VB 21781 501 12 , , , 21781 501 13 has have VBZ 21781 501 14 many many JJ 21781 501 15 thicknesses thickness NNS 21781 501 16 of of IN 21781 501 17 cells cell NNS 21781 501 18 ; ; : 21781 501 19 the the DT 21781 501 20 deeper deep JJR 21781 501 21 layers layer NNS 21781 501 22 are be VBP 21781 501 23 alive alive JJ 21781 501 24 and and CC 21781 501 25 dividing dividing JJ 21781 501 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 501 27 stratum stratum NNP 21781 501 28 mucosum mucosum NN 21781 501 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 501 30 , , , 21781 501 31 while while IN 21781 501 32 the the DT 21781 501 33 more more RBR 21781 501 34 superficial superficial JJ 21781 501 35 are be VBP 21781 501 36 increasingly increasingly RB 21781 501 37 flattened flatten VBN 21781 501 38 and and CC 21781 501 39 drier dry JJR 21781 501 40 as as IN 21781 501 41 the the DT 21781 501 42 surface surface NN 21781 501 43 is be VBZ 21781 501 44 approached approach VBN 21781 501 45 ( ( -LRB- 21781 501 46 stratum stratum NNP 21781 501 47 corneum corneum NN 21781 501 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 501 49 and and CC 21781 501 50 are be VBP 21781 501 51 continually continually RB 21781 501 52 being be VBG 21781 501 53 rubbed rub VBN 21781 501 54 off off RP 21781 501 55 and and CC 21781 501 56 replaced replace VBN 21781 501 57 from from IN 21781 501 58 below below RB 21781 501 59 . . . 21781 502 1 Section section NN 21781 502 2 59 59 CD 21781 502 3 . . . 21781 503 1 In in IN 21781 503 2 the the DT 21781 503 3 branching branch VBG 21781 503 4 air air NN 21781 503 5 - - HYPH 21781 503 6 tubes tube NNS 21781 503 7 of of IN 21781 503 8 the the DT 21781 503 9 lung lung NN 21781 503 10 , , , 21781 503 11 the the DT 21781 503 12 central central JJ 21781 503 13 canal canal NN 21781 503 14 of of IN 21781 503 15 the the DT 21781 503 16 spinal spinal JJ 21781 503 17 cord cord NN 21781 503 18 , , , 21781 503 19 and and CC 21781 503 20 in in IN 21781 503 21 the the DT 21781 503 22 ureters ureter NNS 21781 503 23 of of IN 21781 503 24 the the DT 21781 503 25 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 503 26 , , , 21781 503 27 and and CC 21781 503 28 in in IN 21781 503 29 most most JJS 21781 503 30 other other JJ 21781 503 31 types type NNS 21781 503 32 , , , 21781 503 33 in in IN 21781 503 34 various various JJ 21781 503 35 organs organ NNS 21781 503 36 , , , 21781 503 37 we -PRON- PRP 21781 503 38 find find VBP 21781 503 39 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 503 40 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 503 41 ( ( -LRB- 21781 503 42 Figure Figure NNP 21781 503 43 VII vii NN 21781 503 44 . . . 21781 503 45 ) ) -RRB- 21781 503 46 . . . 21781 504 1 This this DT 21781 504 2 is be VBZ 21781 504 3 columnar columnar JJ 21781 504 4 or or CC 21781 504 5 cubical cubical JJ 21781 504 6 in in IN 21781 504 7 form form NN 21781 504 8 , , , 21781 504 9 and and CC 21781 504 10 with with IN 21781 504 11 the the DT 21781 504 12 free free JJ 21781 504 13 edge edge NN 21781 504 14 curiously curiously RB 21781 504 15 modified modify VBN 21781 504 16 and and CC 21781 504 17 beset beset VB 21781 504 18 with with IN 21781 504 19 a a DT 21781 504 20 number number NN 21781 504 21 of of IN 21781 504 22 hair hair NN 21781 504 23 - - HYPH 21781 504 24 like like JJ 21781 504 25 processes process NNS 21781 504 26 , , , 21781 504 27 the the DT 21781 504 28 cilia cilia NN 21781 504 29 , , , 21781 504 30 by by IN 21781 504 31 which which WDT 21781 504 32 , , , 21781 504 33 during during IN 21781 504 34 the the DT 21781 504 35 life life NN 21781 504 36 of of IN 21781 504 37 the the DT 21781 504 38 cell cell NN 21781 504 39 , , , 21781 504 40 a a DT 21781 504 41 waving waving JJ 21781 504 42 motion motion NN 21781 504 43 is be VBZ 21781 504 44 sustained sustain VBN 21781 504 45 in in IN 21781 504 46 one one CD 21781 504 47 direction direction NN 21781 504 48 . . . 21781 505 1 This this DT 21781 505 2 motion motion NN 21781 505 3 assists assist NNS 21781 505 4 in in IN 21781 505 5 maintaining maintain VBG 21781 505 6 a a DT 21781 505 7 current current NN 21781 505 8 in in IN 21781 505 9 the the DT 21781 505 10 contents content NNS 21781 505 11 of of IN 21781 505 12 ducts duct NNS 21781 505 13 which which WDT 21781 505 14 are be VBP 21781 505 15 lined line VBN 21781 505 16 with with IN 21781 505 17 this this DT 21781 505 18 tissue tissue NN 21781 505 19 . . . 21781 506 1 The the DT 21781 506 2 motion motion NN 21781 506 3 is be VBZ 21781 506 4 independent independent JJ 21781 506 5 of of IN 21781 506 6 the the DT 21781 506 7 general general JJ 21781 506 8 life life NN 21781 506 9 of of IN 21781 506 10 the the DT 21781 506 11 animal animal NN 21781 506 12 , , , 21781 506 13 so so RB 21781 506 14 long long RB 21781 506 15 as as IN 21781 506 16 the the DT 21781 506 17 constituent constituent NN 21781 506 18 cell cell NN 21781 506 19 still still RB 21781 506 20 lives live VBZ 21781 506 21 , , , 21781 506 22 and and CC 21781 506 23 so so RB 21781 506 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 506 25 is be VBZ 21781 506 26 easy easy JJ 21781 506 27 for for IN 21781 506 28 the the DT 21781 506 29 student student NN 21781 506 30 to to TO 21781 506 31 witness witness VB 21781 506 32 it -PRON- PRP 21781 506 33 himself -PRON- PRP 21781 506 34 with with IN 21781 506 35 a a DT 21781 506 36 microscope microscope NN 21781 506 37 having have VBG 21781 506 38 a a DT 21781 506 39 1/4-inch 1/4-inch CD 21781 506 40 or or CC 21781 506 41 1/6-inch 1/6-inch CD 21781 506 42 objective objective NN 21781 506 43 . . . 21781 507 1 Very very RB 21781 507 2 fine fine JJ 21781 507 3 cilia cilia NN 21781 507 4 may may MD 21781 507 5 be be VB 21781 507 6 seen see VBN 21781 507 7 by by IN 21781 507 8 gently gently RB 21781 507 9 scraping scrape VBG 21781 507 10 the the DT 21781 507 11 roof roof NN 21781 507 12 of of IN 21781 507 13 a a DT 21781 507 14 frog frog NN 21781 507 15 's 's POS 21781 507 16 mouth mouth NN 21781 507 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 507 18 the the DT 21781 507 19 cells cell NNS 21781 507 20 figured figure VBN 21781 507 21 are be VBP 21781 507 22 from from IN 21781 507 23 this this DT 21781 507 24 source source NN 21781 507 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 507 26 , , , 21781 507 27 or or CC 21781 507 28 the the DT 21781 507 29 gill gill NN 21781 507 30 of of IN 21781 507 31 a a DT 21781 507 32 recently recently RB 21781 507 33 killed kill VBN 21781 507 34 mussel mussel NNP 21781 507 35 , , , 21781 507 36 and and CC 21781 507 37 mounting mount VBG 21781 507 38 at at IN 21781 507 39 once once RB 21781 507 40 in in IN 21781 507 41 water water NN 21781 507 42 , , , 21781 507 43 or or CC 21781 507 44 , , , 21781 507 45 better well JJR 21781 507 46 , , , 21781 507 47 in in IN 21781 507 48 a a DT 21781 507 49 very very RB 21781 507 50 weak weak JJ 21781 507 51 solution solution NN 21781 507 52 of of IN 21781 507 53 common common JJ 21781 507 54 salt salt NN 21781 507 55 . . . 21781 508 1 Section section NN 21781 508 2 60 60 CD 21781 508 3 . . . 21781 509 1 The the DT 21781 509 2 lining lining NN 21781 509 3 of of IN 21781 509 4 glands gland NNS 21781 509 5 is be VBZ 21781 509 6 secretory secretory RB 21781 509 7 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 509 8 ; ; : 21781 509 9 the the DT 21781 509 10 cells cell NNS 21781 509 11 are be VBP 21781 509 12 usually usually RB 21781 509 13 cubical cubical JJ 21781 509 14 or or CC 21781 509 15 polygonal polygonal JJ 21781 509 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 509 17 8 8 CD 21781 509 18 , , , 21781 509 19 g.ep g.ep NNP 21781 509 20 . . . 21781 510 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 510 2 , , , 21781 510 3 and and CC 21781 510 4 they -PRON- PRP 21781 510 5 display display VBP 21781 510 6 in in IN 21781 510 7 the the DT 21781 510 8 most most RBS 21781 510 9 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 510 10 form form NN 21781 510 11 what what WP 21781 510 12 is be VBZ 21781 510 13 called call VBN 21781 510 14 metabolism metabolism NN 21781 510 15 . . . 21781 511 1 Anaboly Anaboly NNP 21781 511 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 511 3 see see VB 21781 511 4 Section section NN 21781 511 5 14 14 CD 21781 511 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 511 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 511 8 have have VBP 21781 511 9 defined define VBN 21781 511 10 , , , 21781 511 11 as as IN 21781 511 12 a a DT 21781 511 13 chemical chemical NN 21781 511 14 change change NN 21781 511 15 in in IN 21781 511 16 an an DT 21781 511 17 upward upward JJ 21781 511 18 direction-- direction-- NNP 21781 511 19 less less RBR 21781 511 20 stable stable JJ 21781 511 21 and and CC 21781 511 22 more more RBR 21781 511 23 complex complex JJ 21781 511 24 compounds compound NNS 21781 511 25 are be VBP 21781 511 26 built build VBN 21781 511 27 up up RP 21781 511 28 in in IN 21781 511 29 the the DT 21781 511 30 processes process NNS 21781 511 31 of of IN 21781 511 32 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 511 33 and and CC 21781 511 34 animal animal NN 21781 511 35 activity activity NN 21781 511 36 towards towards IN 21781 511 37 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 511 38 ; ; : 21781 511 39 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 511 40 is be VBZ 21781 511 41 a a DT 21781 511 42 chemical chemical NN 21781 511 43 running run VBG 21781 511 44 down down RB 21781 511 45 ; ; : 21781 511 46 metaboly metaboly NNP 21781 511 47 is be VBZ 21781 511 48 a a DT 21781 511 49 more more RBR 21781 511 50 general general JJ 21781 511 51 term term NN 21781 511 52 , , , 21781 511 53 covering cover VBG 21781 511 54 all all DT 21781 511 55 vital vital JJ 21781 511 56 chemical chemical NN 21781 511 57 changes change NNS 21781 511 58 . . . 21781 512 1 The the DT 21781 512 2 products product NNS 21781 512 3 of of IN 21781 512 4 the the DT 21781 512 5 action action NN 21781 512 6 of of IN 21781 512 7 a a DT 21781 512 8 glandular glandular JJ 21781 512 9 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 512 10 are be VBP 21781 512 11 metabolic metabolic JJ 21781 512 12 products product NNS 21781 512 13 , , , 21781 512 14 material material NN 21781 512 15 derived derive VBN 21781 512 16 from from IN 21781 512 17 the the DT 21781 512 18 blood blood NN 21781 512 19 is be VBZ 21781 512 20 worked work VBN 21781 512 21 , , , 21781 512 22 up up RB 21781 512 23 within within IN 21781 512 24 the the DT 21781 512 25 cell cell NN 21781 512 26 , , , 21781 512 27 not not RB 21781 512 28 necessarily necessarily RB 21781 512 29 with with IN 21781 512 30 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 512 31 gain gain NN 21781 512 32 or or CC 21781 512 33 loss loss NN 21781 512 34 of of IN 21781 512 35 energy energy NN 21781 512 36 , , , 21781 512 37 and and CC 21781 512 38 discharged discharge VBN 21781 512 39 into into IN 21781 512 40 the the DT 21781 512 41 gland gland NN 21781 512 42 space space NN 21781 512 43 . . . 21781 513 1 The the DT 21781 513 2 most most RBS 21781 513 3 striking striking JJ 21781 513 4 case case NN 21781 513 5 of of IN 21781 513 6 this this DT 21781 513 7 action action NN 21781 513 8 is be VBZ 21781 513 9 in in IN 21781 513 10 the the DT 21781 513 11 " " `` 21781 513 12 goblet goblet NN 21781 513 13 cells cell NNS 21781 513 14 " " '' 21781 513 15 that that WDT 21781 513 16 are be VBP 21781 513 17 found find VBN 21781 513 18 among among IN 21781 513 19 the the DT 21781 513 20 villi villi NN 21781 513 21 ; ; : 21781 513 22 these these DT 21781 513 23 are be VBP 21781 513 24 simply simply RB 21781 513 25 glands gland NNS 21781 513 26 of of IN 21781 513 27 one one CD 21781 513 28 cell cell NN 21781 513 29 , , , 21781 513 30 unicellular unicellular JJ 21781 513 31 glands gland NNS 21781 513 32 , , , 21781 513 33 and and CC 21781 513 34 in in IN 21781 513 35 Figure Figure NNP 21781 513 36 V. V. NNP 21781 513 37 we -PRON- PRP 21781 513 38 see see VBP 21781 513 39 three three CD 21781 513 40 stages stage NNS 21781 513 41 in in IN 21781 513 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 513 43 action action NN 21781 513 44 : : : 21781 513 45 at at IN 21781 513 46 g.c.1 g.c.1 NNP 21781 513 47 material material NNP 21781 513 48 ( ( -LRB- 21781 513 49 secretion secretion NN 21781 513 50 ) ) -RRB- 21781 513 51 is be VBZ 21781 513 52 seen see VBN 21781 513 53 forming form VBG 21781 513 54 in in IN 21781 513 55 the the DT 21781 513 56 cell cell NN 21781 513 57 , , , 21781 513 58 at at IN 21781 513 59 g.c.2 g.c.2 NNP 21781 513 60 it -PRON- PRP 21781 513 61 approaches approach VBZ 21781 513 62 the the DT 21781 513 63 outer outer JJ 21781 513 64 border border NN 21781 513 65 , , , 21781 513 66 and and CC 21781 513 67 at at IN 21781 513 68 g.c.3 g.c.3 NNP 21781 513 69 it -PRON- PRP 21781 513 70 has have VBZ 21781 513 71 been be VBN 21781 513 72 discharged discharge VBN 21781 513 73 , , , 21781 513 74 leaving leave VBG 21781 513 75 a a DT 21781 513 76 hollowed hollowed JJ 21781 513 77 cell cell NN 21781 513 78 . . . 21781 514 1 Usually usually RB 21781 514 2 however however RB 21781 514 3 , , , 21781 514 4 the the DT 21781 514 5 escape escape NN 21781 514 6 of of IN 21781 514 7 secreted secreted JJ 21781 514 8 matter matter NN 21781 514 9 is be VBZ 21781 514 10 not not RB 21781 514 11 so so RB 21781 514 12 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 514 13 , , , 21781 514 14 and and CC 21781 514 15 the the DT 21781 514 16 gland gland NN 21781 514 17 - - HYPH 21781 514 18 cells cell NNS 21781 514 19 are be VBP 21781 514 20 collected collect VBN 21781 514 21 as as IN 21781 514 22 the the DT 21781 514 23 lining lining NN 21781 514 24 of of IN 21781 514 25 pits pit NNS 21781 514 26 , , , 21781 514 27 simple simple JJ 21781 514 28 , , , 21781 514 29 as as IN 21781 514 30 in in IN 21781 514 31 the the DT 21781 514 32 gastric gastric JJ 21781 514 33 , , , 21781 514 34 pyloric pyloric NN 21781 514 35 , , , 21781 514 36 and and CC 21781 514 37 Lieberkuhnian lieberkuhnian JJ 21781 514 38 glands gland NNS 21781 514 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 514 40 Figure figure VB 21781 514 41 VIII viii NN 21781 514 42 . . . 21781 514 43 , , , 21781 514 44 Sections section NNS 21781 514 45 23 23 CD 21781 514 46 , , , 21781 514 47 29 29 CD 21781 514 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 514 49 , , , 21781 514 50 or or CC 21781 514 51 branching branch VBG 21781 514 52 like like IN 21781 514 53 a a DT 21781 514 54 tree tree NN 21781 514 55 or or CC 21781 514 56 a a DT 21781 514 57 bunch bunch NN 21781 514 58 of of IN 21781 514 59 grapes grape NNS 21781 514 60 ( ( -LRB- 21781 514 61 Figure Figure NNP 21781 514 62 r.g r.g NNP 21781 514 63 . . . 21781 515 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 515 2 , , , 21781 515 3 as as IN 21781 515 4 in in IN 21781 515 5 Brunner Brunner NNP 21781 515 6 's 's POS 21781 515 7 glands gland NNS 21781 515 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 515 9 Section section NN 21781 515 10 29 29 CD 21781 515 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 515 12 the the DT 21781 515 13 pancreas pancreas NN 21781 515 14 , , , 21781 515 15 and and CC 21781 515 16 the the DT 21781 515 17 salivary salivary JJ 21781 515 18 glands gland NNS 21781 515 19 . . . 21781 516 1 The the DT 21781 516 2 salivary salivary JJ 21781 516 3 glands gland NNS 21781 516 4 , , , 21781 516 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 516 6 may may MD 21781 516 7 mention mention VB 21781 516 8 , , , 21781 516 9 are be VBP 21781 516 10 a a DT 21781 516 11 pair pair NN 21781 516 12 internal internal JJ 21781 516 13 to to IN 21781 516 14 the the DT 21781 516 15 posterior posterior NN 21781 516 16 ventral ventral JJ 21781 516 17 angle angle NN 21781 516 18 of of IN 21781 516 19 the the DT 21781 516 20 jaw jaw NN 21781 516 21 , , , 21781 516 22 the the DT 21781 516 23 sub sub NN 21781 516 24 - - JJ 21781 516 25 maxillary maxillary JJ 21781 516 26 ; ; : 21781 516 27 a a DT 21781 516 28 pair pair NN 21781 516 29 anterior anterior NN 21781 516 30 to to IN 21781 516 31 these these DT 21781 516 32 , , , 21781 516 33 the the DT 21781 516 34 sub sub JJ 21781 516 35 - - JJ 21781 516 36 lingual lingual JJ 21781 516 37 ; ; : 21781 516 38 a a DT 21781 516 39 pair pair NN 21781 516 40 posterior posterior NN 21781 516 41 to to IN 21781 516 42 the the DT 21781 516 43 jaw jaw NN 21781 516 44 beneath beneath IN 21781 516 45 the the DT 21781 516 46 ear ear NN 21781 516 47 , , , 21781 516 48 the the DT 21781 516 49 parotid parotid NNS 21781 516 50 , , , 21781 516 51 and and CC 21781 516 52 a a DT 21781 516 53 pair pair NN 21781 516 54 beneath beneath IN 21781 516 55 the the DT 21781 516 56 eye eye NN 21781 516 57 , , , 21781 516 58 the the DT 21781 516 59 infra infra NN 21781 516 60 orbital orbital JJ 21781 516 61 . . . 21781 517 1 Section section NN 21781 517 2 61 61 CD 21781 517 3 . . . 21781 518 1 The the DT 21781 518 2 liver liver NN 21781 518 3 is be VBZ 21781 518 4 the the DT 21781 518 5 most most RBS 21781 518 6 complicated complicated JJ 21781 518 7 gland gland NN 21781 518 8 in in IN 21781 518 9 the the DT 21781 518 10 body body NN 21781 518 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 518 12 Figure Figure NNP 21781 518 13 X. X. NNP 21781 518 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 518 15 . . . 21781 519 1 The the DT 21781 519 2 bile bile NN 21781 519 3 duct duct NN 21781 519 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 519 5 b.d b.d NNP 21781 519 6 . . NNP 21781 519 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 520 1 branches branch NNS 21781 520 2 again again RB 21781 520 3 and and CC 21781 520 4 again again RB 21781 520 5 , , , 21781 520 6 and and CC 21781 520 7 ends end VBZ 21781 520 8 at at IN 21781 520 9 last last RB 21781 520 10 in in IN 21781 520 11 the the DT 21781 520 12 final final JJ 21781 520 13 pits pit NNS 21781 520 14 , , , 21781 520 15 the the DT 21781 520 16 lobuli lobuli NNP 21781 520 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 520 18 lb lb IN 21781 520 19 . . . 21781 521 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 521 2 , , , 21781 521 3 which which WDT 21781 521 4 are be VBP 21781 521 5 lined line VBN 21781 521 6 with with IN 21781 521 7 secretory secretory JJ 21781 521 8 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 521 9 , , , 21781 521 10 and and CC 21781 521 11 tightly tightly RB 21781 521 12 packed packed JJ 21781 521 13 , , , 21781 521 14 and and CC 21781 521 15 squeeze squeeze VB 21781 521 16 each each DT 21781 521 17 other other JJ 21781 521 18 into into IN 21781 521 19 polygonal polygonal JJ 21781 521 20 forms form NNS 21781 521 21 . . . 21781 522 1 The the DT 21781 522 2 blood blood NN 21781 522 3 supply supply NN 21781 522 4 from from IN 21781 522 5 which which WDT 21781 522 6 the the DT 21781 522 7 bile bile NN 21781 522 8 would would MD 21781 522 9 appear appear VB 21781 522 10 to to TO 21781 522 11 be be VB 21781 522 12 mainly mainly RB 21781 522 13 extracted extract VBN 21781 522 14 , , , 21781 522 15 is be VBZ 21781 522 16 brought bring VBN 21781 522 17 by by IN 21781 522 18 the the DT 21781 522 19 portal portal JJ 21781 522 20 vein vein NN 21781 522 21 , , , 21781 522 22 but but CC 21781 522 23 this this DT 21781 522 24 blood blood NN 21781 522 25 is be VBZ 21781 522 26 altogether altogether RB 21781 522 27 unfit unfit JJ 21781 522 28 for for IN 21781 522 29 the the DT 21781 522 30 nutrition nutrition NN 21781 522 31 of of IN 21781 522 32 the the DT 21781 522 33 liver liver NN 21781 522 34 tissue tissue NN 21781 522 35 ; ; : 21781 522 36 for for IN 21781 522 37 this this DT 21781 522 38 latter latter JJ 21781 522 39 purpose purpose NN 21781 522 40 a a DT 21781 522 41 branch branch NN 21781 522 42 of of IN 21781 522 43 the the DT 21781 522 44 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 522 45 artery artery NN 21781 522 46 , , , 21781 522 47 the the DT 21781 522 48 hepatic hepatic NN 21781 522 49 serves serve VBZ 21781 522 50 . . . 21781 523 1 Hence hence RB 21781 523 2 in in IN 21781 523 3 the the DT 21781 523 4 tissue tissue NN 21781 523 5 of of IN 21781 523 6 the the DT 21781 523 7 liver liver NN 21781 523 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 523 9 have have VBP 21781 523 10 , , , 21781 523 11 branching branch VBG 21781 523 12 and and CC 21781 523 13 interweaving interweave VBG 21781 523 14 among among IN 21781 523 15 the the DT 21781 523 16 lobuli lobuli NN 21781 523 17 , , , 21781 523 18 the the DT 21781 523 19 small small JJ 21781 523 20 branches branch NNS 21781 523 21 of of IN 21781 523 22 the the DT 21781 523 23 bile bile NN 21781 523 24 duct duct NN 21781 523 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 523 26 b.d b.d NNP 21781 523 27 . . . 21781 524 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 524 2 , , , 21781 524 3 which which WDT 21781 524 4 carries carry VBZ 21781 524 5 away away RB 21781 524 6 the the DT 21781 524 7 bile bile NN 21781 524 8 formed form VBN 21781 524 9 , , , 21781 524 10 the the DT 21781 524 11 portal portal NNP 21781 524 12 vein vein NN 21781 524 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 524 14 p.v p.v NNP 21781 524 15 . . . 21781 525 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 525 2 , , , 21781 525 3 the the DT 21781 525 4 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 525 5 artery artery NN 21781 525 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 525 7 h.a h.a NNP 21781 525 8 . . . 21781 526 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 526 2 , , , 21781 526 3 and and CC 21781 526 4 the the DT 21781 526 5 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 526 6 vein vein NN 21781 526 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 526 8 h.v h.v NNP 21781 526 9 . . NNP 21781 526 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 526 11 . . . 21781 527 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 527 2 Compare compare VB 21781 527 3 Section Section NNP 21781 527 4 45 45 CD 21781 527 5 . . . 21781 527 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 528 1 Figure figure NN 21781 528 2 X.b X.b NNP 21781 528 3 shows show VBZ 21781 528 4 a a DT 21781 528 5 lobule lobule NN 21781 528 6 ; ; : 21781 528 7 the the DT 21781 528 8 portal portal NNP 21781 528 9 vein vein NN 21781 528 10 and and CC 21781 528 11 the the DT 21781 528 12 artery artery NN 21781 528 13 ramify ramify NNP 21781 528 14 round round IN 21781 528 15 the the DT 21781 528 16 lobules-- lobules-- NNP 21781 528 17 are be VBP 21781 528 18 inter inter JJ 21781 528 19 - - JJ 21781 528 20 lobular lobular JJ 21781 528 21 , , , 21781 528 22 that that RB 21781 528 23 is is RB 21781 528 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 528 25 inter inter NNP 21781 528 26 , , , 21781 528 27 between between IN 21781 528 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 528 29 ; ; : 21781 528 30 the the DT 21781 528 31 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 528 32 vein vein NN 21781 528 33 begins begin VBZ 21781 528 34 in in IN 21781 528 35 the the DT 21781 528 36 middle middle NN 21781 528 37 of of IN 21781 528 38 the the DT 21781 528 39 lobules lobule NNS 21781 528 40 ( ( -LRB- 21781 528 41 intra intra JJ 21781 528 42 - - JJ 21781 528 43 lobular lobular JJ 21781 528 44 ) ) -RRB- 21781 528 45 , , , 21781 528 46 and and CC 21781 528 47 receives receive VBZ 21781 528 48 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 528 49 blood blood NN 21781 528 50 . . . 21781 529 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 529 2 Compare Compare NNP 21781 529 3 X.a X.a NNP 21781 529 4 . . . 21781 529 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 530 1 Besides besides IN 21781 530 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 530 3 function function NN 21781 530 4 in in IN 21781 530 5 the the DT 21781 530 6 manufacture manufacture NN 21781 530 7 of of IN 21781 530 8 the the DT 21781 530 9 excretory excretory NN 21781 530 10 , , , 21781 530 11 digestive digestive JJ 21781 530 12 , , , 21781 530 13 and and CC 21781 530 14 auxiliary auxiliary JJ 21781 530 15 bile bile NN 21781 530 16 , , , 21781 530 17 the the DT 21781 530 18 liver liver NN 21781 530 19 performs perform VBZ 21781 530 20 other other JJ 21781 530 21 duties duty NNS 21781 530 22 . . . 21781 531 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 531 2 appears appear VBZ 21781 531 3 to to TO 21781 531 4 act act VB 21781 531 5 as as IN 21781 531 6 an an DT 21781 531 7 inspector inspector NN 21781 531 8 of of IN 21781 531 9 the the DT 21781 531 10 assimilation assimilation NN 21781 531 11 material material NN 21781 531 12 brought bring VBN 21781 531 13 in in RP 21781 531 14 by by IN 21781 531 15 the the DT 21781 531 16 portal portal JJ 21781 531 17 vein vein NN 21781 531 18 . . . 21781 532 1 The the DT 21781 532 2 villi villi NN 21781 532 3 , , , 21781 532 4 for for IN 21781 532 5 instance instance NN 21781 532 6 , , , 21781 532 7 will will MD 21781 532 8 absorb absorb VB 21781 532 9 arsenic arsenic JJ 21781 532 10 , , , 21781 532 11 but but CC 21781 532 12 this this DT 21781 532 13 is be VBZ 21781 532 14 arrested arrest VBN 21781 532 15 and and CC 21781 532 16 thrown throw VBN 21781 532 17 down down RP 21781 532 18 in in IN 21781 532 19 the the DT 21781 532 20 liver liver NN 21781 532 21 . . . 21781 533 1 A a DT 21781 533 2 third third JJ 21781 533 3 function function NN 21781 533 4 is be VBZ 21781 533 5 the the DT 21781 533 6 formation formation NN 21781 533 7 of of IN 21781 533 8 what what WP 21781 533 9 would would MD 21781 533 10 seem seem VB 21781 533 11 to to TO 21781 533 12 be be VB 21781 533 13 a a DT 21781 533 14 store store NN 21781 533 15 of of IN 21781 533 16 carbo carbo NN 21781 533 17 - - HYPH 21781 533 18 hydrate hydrate NN 21781 533 19 , , , 21781 533 20 glycogen glycogen FW 21781 533 21 , , , 21781 533 22 mainly mainly RB 21781 533 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 533 24 would would MD 21781 533 25 appear appear VB 21781 533 26 , , , 21781 533 27 from from IN 21781 533 28 the the DT 21781 533 29 sugar sugar NN 21781 533 30 in in IN 21781 533 31 the the DT 21781 533 32 portal portal NNP 21781 533 33 vein vein NN 21781 533 34 , , , 21781 533 35 though though IN 21781 533 36 also also RB 21781 533 37 , , , 21781 533 38 very very RB 21781 533 39 probably probably RB 21781 533 40 , , , 21781 533 41 from from IN 21781 533 42 nitrogenous nitrogenous JJ 21781 533 43 material material NN 21781 533 44 , , , 21781 533 45 though though IN 21781 533 46 this this DT 21781 533 47 may may MD 21781 533 48 occur occur VB 21781 533 49 only only RB 21781 533 50 under under IN 21781 533 51 exceptional exceptional JJ 21781 533 52 conditions condition NNS 21781 533 53 . . . 21781 534 1 Finally finally RB 21781 534 2 , , , 21781 534 3 the the DT 21781 534 4 nitrogenous nitrogenous JJ 21781 534 5 katastates katastate NNS 21781 534 6 , , , 21781 534 7 formed form VBN 21781 534 8 in in IN 21781 534 9 the the DT 21781 534 10 working working NN 21781 534 11 of of IN 21781 534 12 muscle muscle NN 21781 534 13 and and CC 21781 534 14 nerve nerve NN 21781 534 15 , , , 21781 534 16 and and CC 21781 534 17 returned return VBN 21781 534 18 by by IN 21781 534 19 them -PRON- PRP 21781 534 20 to to IN 21781 534 21 the the DT 21781 534 22 blood blood NN 21781 534 23 for for IN 21781 534 24 excretion excretion NN 21781 534 25 , , , 21781 534 26 are be VBP 21781 534 27 not not RB 21781 534 28 at at IN 21781 534 29 that that DT 21781 534 30 stage stage NN 21781 534 31 in in IN 21781 534 32 the the DT 21781 534 33 form form NN 21781 534 34 of of IN 21781 534 35 urea urea NNP 21781 534 36 . . . 21781 535 1 Whatever whatever WDT 21781 535 2 form form NN 21781 535 3 they -PRON- PRP 21781 535 4 assume assume VBP 21781 535 5 , , , 21781 535 6 they -PRON- PRP 21781 535 7 undergo undergo VBP 21781 535 8 a a DT 21781 535 9 further further JJ 21781 535 10 metabolism metabolism NN 21781 535 11 into into IN 21781 535 12 urea urea NNP 21781 535 13 before before IN 21781 535 14 leaving leave VBG 21781 535 15 the the DT 21781 535 16 body body NN 21781 535 17 , , , 21781 535 18 and and CC 21781 535 19 the the DT 21781 535 20 presence presence NN 21781 535 21 of of IN 21781 535 22 considerable considerable JJ 21781 535 23 quantities quantity NNS 21781 535 24 of of IN 21781 535 25 this this DT 21781 535 26 latter latter JJ 21781 535 27 substance substance NN 21781 535 28 in in IN 21781 535 29 the the DT 21781 535 30 liver liver NN 21781 535 31 suggests suggest VBZ 21781 535 32 this this DT 21781 535 33 as as IN 21781 535 34 a a DT 21781 535 35 fourth fourth JJ 21781 535 36 function function NN 21781 535 37 of of IN 21781 535 38 this this DT 21781 535 39 organ-- organ-- VB 21781 535 40 the the DT 21781 535 41 elaboration elaboration NN 21781 535 42 of of IN 21781 535 43 urea urea NNP 21781 535 44 . . . 21781 536 1 Section section NN 21781 536 2 62 62 CD 21781 536 3 . . . 21781 537 1 Similar similar JJ 21781 537 2 from from IN 21781 537 3 a a DT 21781 537 4 physiological physiological JJ 21781 537 5 point point NN 21781 537 6 of of IN 21781 537 7 view view NN 21781 537 8 , , , 21781 537 9 to to IN 21781 537 10 the the DT 21781 537 11 secretory secretory NN 21781 537 12 glands gland NNS 21781 537 13 which which WDT 21781 537 14 form form VBP 21781 537 15 the the DT 21781 537 16 digestive digestive JJ 21781 537 17 fluids fluid NNS 21781 537 18 are be VBP 21781 537 19 those those DT 21781 537 20 which which WDT 21781 537 21 furnish furnish VBP 21781 537 22 lubricating lubricating NN 21781 537 23 fluids fluid NNS 21781 537 24 , , , 21781 537 25 the the DT 21781 537 26 lachrymal lachrymal JJ 21781 537 27 gland gland NNP 21781 537 28 , , , 21781 537 29 and and CC 21781 537 30 Harderian harderian JJ 21781 537 31 glands gland NNS 21781 537 32 in in IN 21781 537 33 the the DT 21781 537 34 orbit orbit NN 21781 537 35 internally internally RB 21781 537 36 to to IN 21781 537 37 the the DT 21781 537 38 eye eye NN 21781 537 39 , , , 21781 537 40 and and CC 21781 537 41 posterior posterior NNP 21781 537 42 and and CC 21781 537 43 anterior anterior NN 21781 537 44 to to IN 21781 537 45 it -PRON- PRP 21781 537 46 respectively respectively RB 21781 537 47 , , , 21781 537 48 the the DT 21781 537 49 sebaceous sebaceous JJ 21781 537 50 glands gland NNS 21781 537 51 ( ( -LRB- 21781 537 52 oil oil NN 21781 537 53 glands gland NNS 21781 537 54 ) ) -RRB- 21781 537 55 connected connect VBN 21781 537 56 with with IN 21781 537 57 the the DT 21781 537 58 hair hair NN 21781 537 59 , , , 21781 537 60 and and CC 21781 537 61 the the DT 21781 537 62 anal anal JJ 21781 537 63 and and CC 21781 537 64 perineal perineal JJ 21781 537 65 glands gland NNS 21781 537 66 . . . 21781 538 1 The the DT 21781 538 2 secretions secretion NNS 21781 538 3 of of IN 21781 538 4 excretory excretory JJ 21781 538 5 glands gland NNS 21781 538 6 are be VBP 21781 538 7 removed remove VBN 21781 538 8 from from IN 21781 538 9 the the DT 21781 538 10 body body NN 21781 538 11 ; ; : 21781 538 12 chief chief NN 21781 538 13 among among IN 21781 538 14 them -PRON- PRP 21781 538 15 are be VBP 21781 538 16 the the DT 21781 538 17 sweat sweat NN 21781 538 18 glands gland NNS 21781 538 19 and and CC 21781 538 20 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 538 21 . . . 21781 539 1 The the DT 21781 539 2 sweat sweat NN 21781 539 3 glands gland NNS 21781 539 4 are be VBP 21781 539 5 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 539 6 tubular tubular JJ 21781 539 7 glands gland NNS 21781 539 8 , , , 21781 539 9 terminating terminate VBG 21781 539 10 internally internally RB 21781 539 11 in in IN 21781 539 12 a a DT 21781 539 13 small small JJ 21781 539 14 coil coil NN 21781 539 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 539 16 Figure figure NN 21781 539 17 VIII viii NN 21781 539 18 . . . 21781 540 1 s.g s.g NNP 21781 540 2 . . NNP 21781 540 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 540 4 and and CC 21781 540 5 are be VBP 21781 540 6 scattered scatter VBN 21781 540 7 thickly thickly RB 21781 540 8 over over IN 21781 540 9 the the DT 21781 540 10 body body NN 21781 540 11 , , , 21781 540 12 the the DT 21781 540 13 water water NN 21781 540 14 of of IN 21781 540 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 540 16 secretion secretion NN 21781 540 17 being be VBG 21781 540 18 constantly constantly RB 21781 540 19 removed remove VBN 21781 540 20 by by IN 21781 540 21 evaporation evaporation NN 21781 540 22 , , , 21781 540 23 and and CC 21781 540 24 the the DT 21781 540 25 small small JJ 21781 540 26 percentage percentage NN 21781 540 27 of of IN 21781 540 28 salt salt NN 21781 540 29 and and CC 21781 540 30 urea urea NNP 21781 540 31 remaining remain VBG 21781 540 32 to to TO 21781 540 33 accumulate accumulate VB 21781 540 34 as as IN 21781 540 35 dirt dirt NN 21781 540 36 , , , 21781 540 37 and and CC 21781 540 38 the the DT 21781 540 39 chief chief JJ 21781 540 40 reasonable reasonable JJ 21781 540 41 excuse excuse NN 21781 540 42 for for IN 21781 540 43 washing washing NN 21781 540 44 . . . 21781 541 1 The the DT 21781 541 2 kidney kidney NN 21781 541 3 structure structure NN 21781 541 4 is be VBZ 21781 541 5 shown show VBN 21781 541 6 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 21781 541 7 in in IN 21781 541 8 Figure Figure NNP 21781 541 9 5 5 CD 21781 541 10 , , , 21781 541 11 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 541 12 7 7 CD 21781 541 13 . . . 21781 542 1 A a DT 21781 542 2 great great JJ 21781 542 3 number number NN 21781 542 4 of of IN 21781 542 5 branching branching NN 21781 542 6 and and CC 21781 542 7 straight straight JJ 21781 542 8 looped loop VBN 21781 542 9 , , , 21781 542 10 tubuli tubuli NNP 21781 542 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 542 12 little little JJ 21781 542 13 tubes tube NNS 21781 542 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 542 15 converge converge VB 21781 542 16 on on IN 21781 542 17 an an DT 21781 542 18 open open JJ 21781 542 19 space space NN 21781 542 20 , , , 21781 542 21 the the DT 21781 542 22 pelvis pelvi NNS 21781 542 23 . . . 21781 543 1 Towards towards IN 21781 543 2 the the DT 21781 543 3 outer outer JJ 21781 543 4 layers layer NNS 21781 543 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 543 6 cortex cortex NNP 21781 543 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 543 8 of of IN 21781 543 9 the the DT 21781 543 10 kidney kidney NN 21781 543 11 , , , 21781 543 12 these these DT 21781 543 13 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 543 14 terminate terminate VBP 21781 543 15 in in IN 21781 543 16 little little JJ 21781 543 17 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 543 18 into into IN 21781 543 19 which which WDT 21781 543 20 tangled tangle VBD 21781 543 21 knots knot NNS 21781 543 22 of of IN 21781 543 23 blood blood NN 21781 543 24 - - HYPH 21781 543 25 vessels vessel NNS 21781 543 26 project project NN 21781 543 27 : : : 21781 543 28 the the DT 21781 543 29 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 543 30 are be VBP 21781 543 31 called call VBN 21781 543 32 Bowman Bowman NNP 21781 543 33 's 's POS 21781 543 34 capsules capsule NNS 21781 543 35 ( ( -LRB- 21781 543 36 B.c B.c NNP 21781 543 37 . . . 21781 544 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 544 2 , , , 21781 544 3 and and CC 21781 544 4 each each DT 21781 544 5 coil coil NN 21781 544 6 of of IN 21781 544 7 bloodvessel bloodvessel NNP 21781 544 8 a a DT 21781 544 9 glomerulus glomerulus NNP 21781 544 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 544 11 gl gl NNP 21781 544 12 . . . 21781 544 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 544 14 . . . 21781 545 1 In in IN 21781 545 2 the the DT 21781 545 3 capsules capsule NNS 21781 545 4 , , , 21781 545 5 water water NN 21781 545 6 is be VBZ 21781 545 7 drained drain VBN 21781 545 8 from from IN 21781 545 9 the the DT 21781 545 10 blood blood NN 21781 545 11 ; ; : 21781 545 12 in in IN 21781 545 13 the the DT 21781 545 14 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 545 15 , , , 21781 545 16 urea urea NNP 21781 545 17 and and CC 21781 545 18 other other JJ 21781 545 19 salts salt NNS 21781 545 20 in in IN 21781 545 21 the the DT 21781 545 22 urine urine NN 21781 545 23 are be VBP 21781 545 24 secreted secrete VBN 21781 545 25 from from IN 21781 545 26 a a DT 21781 545 27 branching branch VBG 21781 545 28 network network NN 21781 545 29 of of IN 21781 545 30 vessels vessel NNS 21781 545 31 . . . 21781 546 1 Section section NN 21781 546 2 63 63 CD 21781 546 3 . . . 21781 547 1 In in IN 21781 547 2 all all PDT 21781 547 3 the the DT 21781 547 4 epithelial epithelial JJ 21781 547 5 tissues tissue NNS 21781 547 6 that that WDT 21781 547 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 547 8 have have VBP 21781 547 9 considered consider VBN 21781 547 10 we -PRON- PRP 21781 547 11 have have VBP 21781 547 12 one one CD 21781 547 13 feature feature NN 21781 547 14 in in IN 21781 547 15 common common JJ 21781 547 16 : : : 21781 547 17 they -PRON- PRP 21781 547 18 are be VBP 21781 547 19 cells cell NNS 21781 547 20 , , , 21781 547 21 each each DT 21781 547 22 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 547 23 to to IN 21781 547 24 the the DT 21781 547 25 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 547 26 , , , 21781 547 27 that that WDT 21781 547 28 have have VBP 21781 547 29 taken take VBN 21781 547 30 on on RP 21781 547 31 special special JJ 21781 547 32 duties-- duties-- NNP 21781 547 33 in in IN 21781 547 34 a a DT 21781 547 35 word word NN 21781 547 36 , , , 21781 547 37 they -PRON- PRP 21781 547 38 are be VBP 21781 547 39 specialists specialist NNS 21781 547 40 . . . 21781 548 1 The the DT 21781 548 2 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 548 3 is be VBZ 21781 548 4 Jack Jack NNP 21781 548 5 of of IN 21781 548 6 all all DT 21781 548 7 trades trade NNS 21781 548 8 and and CC 21781 548 9 a a DT 21781 548 10 free free JJ 21781 548 11 lance lance NN 21781 548 12 ; ; : 21781 548 13 the the DT 21781 548 14 protective protective JJ 21781 548 15 epidermal epidermal JJ 21781 548 16 cell cell NN 21781 548 17 , , , 21781 548 18 the the DT 21781 548 19 current current NN 21781 548 20 - - HYPH 21781 548 21 making make VBG 21781 548 22 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 548 23 cell cell NN 21781 548 24 , , , 21781 548 25 the the DT 21781 548 26 bile bile NN 21781 548 27 or or CC 21781 548 28 urea urea NNP 21781 548 29 - - HYPH 21781 548 30 making make VBG 21781 548 31 secretory secretory JJ 21781 548 32 cell cell NN 21781 548 33 , , , 21781 548 34 is be VBZ 21781 548 35 master master NN 21781 548 36 of of IN 21781 548 37 one one CD 21781 548 38 trade trade NN 21781 548 39 , , , 21781 548 40 and and CC 21781 548 41 a a DT 21781 548 42 soldier soldier NN 21781 548 43 in in IN 21781 548 44 a a DT 21781 548 45 vast vast JJ 21781 548 46 and and CC 21781 548 47 wonderfully wonderfully RB 21781 548 48 organized organized JJ 21781 548 49 host host NN 21781 548 50 . . . 21781 549 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 549 2 will will MD 21781 549 3 now now RB 21781 549 4 consider consider VB 21781 549 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 549 6 second second JJ 21781 549 7 kind kind NN 21781 549 8 of of IN 21781 549 9 cell cell NN 21781 549 10 in in IN 21781 549 11 this this DT 21781 549 12 organization organization NN 21781 549 13 , , , 21781 549 14 the the DT 21781 549 15 cell cell NN 21781 549 16 of of IN 21781 549 17 which which WDT 21781 549 18 the the DT 21781 549 19 especial especial JJ 21781 549 20 aim aim NN 21781 549 21 is be VBZ 21781 549 22 the the DT 21781 549 23 building building NN 21781 549 24 round round IN 21781 549 25 it -PRON- PRP 21781 549 26 of of IN 21781 549 27 a a DT 21781 549 28 tissue tissue NN 21781 549 29 . . . 21781 550 1 Section section NN 21781 550 2 64 64 CD 21781 550 3 . . . 21781 551 1 The the DT 21781 551 2 simplest simple JJS 21781 551 3 variety variety NN 21781 551 4 in in IN 21781 551 5 this this DT 21781 551 6 group group NN 21781 551 7 is be VBZ 21781 551 8 hyaline hyaline JJ 21781 551 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 551 10 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 552 1 glassy glassy NNP 21781 552 2 ) ) -RRB- 21781 552 3 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 552 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 552 5 gristle gristle NNP 21781 552 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 552 7 . . . 21781 553 1 In in IN 21781 553 2 this this DT 21781 553 3 the the DT 21781 553 4 formative formative JJ 21781 553 5 cells cell NNS 21781 553 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 553 7 the the DT 21781 553 8 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 553 9 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 553 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 553 11 are be VBP 21781 553 12 enjellied enjellie VBN 21781 553 13 in in IN 21781 553 14 a a DT 21781 553 15 clear clear JJ 21781 553 16 structureless structureless NN 21781 553 17 matrix matrix NN 21781 553 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 553 19 Figure Figure NNP 21781 553 20 XII XII NNP 21781 553 21 . . . 21781 554 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 554 2 , , , 21781 554 3 consisting consist VBG 21781 554 4 entirely entirely RB 21781 554 5 of of IN 21781 554 6 organic organic JJ 21781 554 7 compounds compound NNS 21781 554 8 accumulated accumulate VBN 21781 554 9 by by IN 21781 554 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 554 11 activity activity NN 21781 554 12 . . . 21781 555 1 Immediately immediately RB 21781 555 2 round round VB 21781 555 3 the the DT 21781 555 4 cell cell NN 21781 555 5 lies lie VBZ 21781 555 6 a a DT 21781 555 7 capsule capsule NN 21781 555 8 of of IN 21781 555 9 newer new JJR 21781 555 10 material material NN 21781 555 11 . . . 21781 556 1 Some some DT 21781 556 2 of of IN 21781 556 3 the the DT 21781 556 4 cells cell NNS 21781 556 5 have have VBP 21781 556 6 recently recently RB 21781 556 7 divided divide VBN 21781 556 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 556 9 1 1 CD 21781 556 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 556 11 ; ; : 21781 556 12 others other NNS 21781 556 13 have have VBP 21781 556 14 done do VBN 21781 556 15 so so RB 21781 556 16 less less RBR 21781 556 17 recently recently RB 21781 556 18 , , , 21781 556 19 and and CC 21781 556 20 there there EX 21781 556 21 has have VBZ 21781 556 22 been be VBN 21781 556 23 time time NN 21781 556 24 for for IN 21781 556 25 the the DT 21781 556 26 interpolation interpolation NN 21781 556 27 of of IN 21781 556 28 matrix matrix NN 21781 556 29 , , , 21781 556 30 as as IN 21781 556 31 at at IN 21781 556 32 2 2 CD 21781 556 33 . . . 21781 557 1 In in IN 21781 557 2 this this DT 21781 557 3 way way NN 21781 557 4 the the DT 21781 557 5 tissue tissue NN 21781 557 6 grows grow VBZ 21781 557 7 and and CC 21781 557 8 is be VBZ 21781 557 9 repaired repair VBN 21781 557 10 . . . 21781 558 1 A a DT 21781 558 2 thin thin JJ 21781 558 3 layer layer NN 21781 558 4 of of IN 21781 558 5 connective connective JJ 21781 558 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 558 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 558 8 see see VB 21781 558 9 below below RB 21781 558 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 558 11 , , , 21781 558 12 the the DT 21781 558 13 perichondrium perichondrium NN 21781 558 14 , , , 21781 558 15 clothes clothe VBZ 21781 558 16 the the DT 21781 558 17 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 558 18 structure structure NN 21781 558 19 . . . 21781 559 1 Section section NN 21781 559 2 65 65 CD 21781 559 3 . . . 21781 560 1 Connective connective JJ 21781 560 2 tissue tissue NN 21781 560 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 560 4 Figure figure NN 21781 560 5 XIII XIII NNP 21781 560 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 560 7 is be VBZ 21781 560 8 a a DT 21781 560 9 general general JJ 21781 560 10 name name NN 21781 560 11 for for IN 21781 560 12 a a DT 21781 560 13 group group NN 21781 560 14 of of IN 21781 560 15 tissues tissue NNS 21781 560 16 of of IN 21781 560 17 very very RB 21781 560 18 variable variable JJ 21781 560 19 character character NN 21781 560 20 . . . 21781 561 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 561 2 is be VBZ 21781 561 3 usually usually RB 21781 561 4 described describe VBN 21781 561 5 as as IN 21781 561 6 consisting consist VBG 21781 561 7 typically typically RB 21781 561 8 in in IN 21781 561 9 the the DT 21781 561 10 mammals mammal NNS 21781 561 11 of of IN 21781 561 12 three three CD 21781 561 13 chief chief JJ 21781 561 14 elements element NNS 21781 561 15 felted felt VBN 21781 561 16 together together RB 21781 561 17 ; ; , 21781 561 18 of of IN 21781 561 19 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 561 20 unmodified unmodified JJ 21781 561 21 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 561 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 561 23 c.c c.c NNP 21781 561 24 . . . 21781 562 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 562 2 , , , 21781 562 3 more more RBR 21781 562 4 or or CC 21781 562 5 less less JJR 21781 562 6 amoeboid amoeboid NN 21781 562 7 , , , 21781 562 8 and and CC 21781 562 9 of of IN 21781 562 10 fibres fibre NNS 21781 562 11 which which WDT 21781 562 12 are be VBP 21781 562 13 elongated elongate VBN 21781 562 14 , , , 21781 562 15 altered alter VBN 21781 562 16 , , , 21781 562 17 and and CC 21781 562 18 distorted distorted JJ 21781 562 19 cells cell NNS 21781 562 20 . . . 21781 563 1 The the DT 21781 563 2 fibres fibre NNS 21781 563 3 are be VBP 21781 563 4 of of IN 21781 563 5 two two CD 21781 563 6 kinds kind NNS 21781 563 7 : : : 21781 563 8 yellow yellow JJ 21781 563 9 , , , 21781 563 10 branching branch VBG 21781 563 11 , , , 21781 563 12 and and CC 21781 563 13 highly highly RB 21781 563 14 elastic elastic JJ 21781 563 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 563 16 y.e.f y.e.f NNP 21781 563 17 . . . 21781 564 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 564 2 , , , 21781 564 3 in in IN 21781 564 4 consequence consequence NN 21781 564 5 of of IN 21781 564 6 which which WDT 21781 564 7 they -PRON- PRP 21781 564 8 fall fall VBP 21781 564 9 into into IN 21781 564 10 sinuous sinuous JJ 21781 564 11 lines line NNS 21781 564 12 in in IN 21781 564 13 a a DT 21781 564 14 preparation preparation NN 21781 564 15 , , , 21781 564 16 and and CC 21781 564 17 white white JJ 21781 564 18 and and CC 21781 564 19 inelastic inelastic JJ 21781 564 20 ones one NNS 21781 564 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 564 22 w.i.f w.i.f NNP 21781 564 23 . . . 21781 565 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 565 2 , , , 21781 565 3 lying lie VBG 21781 565 4 in in IN 21781 565 5 parallel parallel JJ 21781 565 6 bundles bundle NNS 21781 565 7 . . . 21781 566 1 Where where WRB 21781 566 2 the the DT 21781 566 3 latter latter JJ 21781 566 4 element element NN 21781 566 5 is be VBZ 21781 566 6 entirely entirely RB 21781 566 7 dominant dominant JJ 21781 566 8 , , , 21781 566 9 the the DT 21781 566 10 connective connective JJ 21781 566 11 tissue tissue NN 21781 566 12 is be VBZ 21781 566 13 tendon tendon NNP 21781 566 14 , , , 21781 566 15 found find VBN 21781 566 16 especially especially RB 21781 566 17 at at IN 21781 566 18 the the DT 21781 566 19 point point NN 21781 566 20 of of IN 21781 566 21 attachment attachment NN 21781 566 22 of of IN 21781 566 23 muscles muscle NNS 21781 566 24 to to IN 21781 566 25 the the DT 21781 566 26 parts part NNS 21781 566 27 they -PRON- PRP 21781 566 28 work work VBP 21781 566 29 . . . 21781 567 1 Some some DT 21781 567 2 elastic elastic JJ 21781 567 3 ligaments ligament NNS 21781 567 4 are be VBP 21781 567 5 almost almost RB 21781 567 6 purely purely RB 21781 567 7 yellow yellow JJ 21781 567 8 fibrous fibrous JJ 21781 567 9 tissue tissue NN 21781 567 10 . . . 21781 568 1 A a DT 21781 568 2 loose loose JJ 21781 568 3 interweaving interweaving NN 21781 568 4 of of IN 21781 568 5 the the DT 21781 568 6 three three CD 21781 568 7 elements element NNS 21781 568 8 is be VBZ 21781 568 9 areolar areolar JJ 21781 568 10 tissue tissue NN 21781 568 11 , , , 21781 568 12 the the DT 21781 568 13 chief chief JJ 21781 568 14 fabric fabric NN 21781 568 15 of of IN 21781 568 16 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 568 17 , , , 21781 568 18 membrane membrane NN 21781 568 19 , , , 21781 568 20 and and CC 21781 568 21 the the DT 21781 568 22 dermis dermis NNP 21781 568 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 568 24 beneath beneath IN 21781 568 25 the the DT 21781 568 26 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 568 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 568 28 . . . 21781 569 1 With with IN 21781 569 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 569 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 569 4 is be VBZ 21781 569 5 the the DT 21781 569 6 material material NN 21781 569 7 of of IN 21781 569 8 the the DT 21781 569 9 walls wall NNS 21781 569 10 of of IN 21781 569 11 the the DT 21781 569 12 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 569 13 canal canal NN 21781 569 14 and and CC 21781 569 15 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 569 16 , , , 21781 569 17 and and CC 21781 569 18 generally generally RB 21781 569 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 569 20 enters enter VBZ 21781 569 21 into into IN 21781 569 22 , , , 21781 569 23 binds bind NNS 21781 569 24 together together RB 21781 569 25 , , , 21781 569 26 and and CC 21781 569 27 holds hold VBZ 21781 569 28 in in IN 21781 569 29 place place NN 21781 569 30 other other JJ 21781 569 31 tissue tissue NN 21781 569 32 . . . 21781 570 1 The the DT 21781 570 2 connective connective JJ 21781 570 3 tissue tissue NN 21781 570 4 of of IN 21781 570 5 fishes fish NNS 21781 570 6 displays display VBZ 21781 570 7 the the DT 21781 570 8 differentiation differentiation NN 21781 570 9 of of IN 21781 570 10 fibres fibre NNS 21781 570 11 in in IN 21781 570 12 a a DT 21781 570 13 far far RB 21781 570 14 less less RBR 21781 570 15 distinct distinct JJ 21781 570 16 manner manner NN 21781 570 17 . . . 21781 571 1 Section section NN 21781 571 2 66 66 CD 21781 571 3 . . . 21781 572 1 Through through IN 21781 572 2 connective connective JJ 21781 572 3 tissues tissue NNS 21781 572 4 wander wander VBP 21781 572 5 the the DT 21781 572 6 phagocytes phagocyte NNS 21781 572 7 , , , 21781 572 8 cells cell NNS 21781 572 9 that that WDT 21781 572 10 are be VBP 21781 572 11 difficult difficult JJ 21781 572 12 to to TO 21781 572 13 distinguish distinguish VB 21781 572 14 , , , 21781 572 15 if if IN 21781 572 16 really really RB 21781 572 17 distinct distinct JJ 21781 572 18 , , , 21781 572 19 from from IN 21781 572 20 the the DT 21781 572 21 white white JJ 21781 572 22 blood blood NN 21781 572 23 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 572 24 . . . 21781 573 1 These these DT 21781 573 2 cells cell NNS 21781 573 3 possess possess VBP 21781 573 4 a a DT 21781 573 5 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 573 6 freedom freedom NN 21781 573 7 ; ; : 21781 573 8 they -PRON- PRP 21781 573 9 show show VBP 21781 573 10 an an DT 21781 573 11 initiative initiative NN 21781 573 12 of of IN 21781 573 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 573 14 own own JJ 21781 573 15 , , , 21781 573 16 and and CC 21781 573 17 seem seem VB 21781 573 18 endowed endow VBN 21781 573 19 with with IN 21781 573 20 a a DT 21781 573 21 subordinate subordinate JJ 21781 573 22 individuality individuality NN 21781 573 23 . . . 21781 574 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 574 2 occur occur VBP 21781 574 3 in in IN 21781 574 4 great great JJ 21781 574 5 numbers number NNS 21781 574 6 in in IN 21781 574 7 a a DT 21781 574 8 tissue tissue NN 21781 574 9 called call VBN 21781 574 10 , , , 21781 574 11 botryoidal botryoidal JJ 21781 574 12 tissue tissue NN 21781 574 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 574 14 Figure Figure NNP 21781 574 15 XIV XIV NNP 21781 574 16 . . . 21781 575 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 575 2 , , , 21781 575 3 which which WDT 21781 575 4 occurs occur VBZ 21781 575 5 especially especially RB 21781 575 6 in in IN 21781 575 7 masses masse NNS 21781 575 8 and and CC 21781 575 9 patches patch NNS 21781 575 10 along along IN 21781 575 11 the the DT 21781 575 12 course course NN 21781 575 13 of of IN 21781 575 14 the the DT 21781 575 15 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 575 16 canal canal NN 21781 575 17 , , , 21781 575 18 in in IN 21781 575 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 575 20 walls wall NNS 21781 575 21 . . . 21781 576 1 The the DT 21781 576 2 tonsils tonsil NNS 21781 576 3 , , , 21781 576 4 swellings swelling NNS 21781 576 5 on on IN 21781 576 6 either either DT 21781 576 7 side side NN 21781 576 8 of of IN 21781 576 9 the the DT 21781 576 10 throat throat NN 21781 576 11 , , , 21781 576 12 are be VBP 21781 576 13 such such JJ 21781 576 14 masses masse NNS 21781 576 15 , , , 21781 576 16 and and CC 21781 576 17 aggregates aggregate NNS 21781 576 18 occur occur VBP 21781 576 19 as as IN 21781 576 20 visible visible JJ 21781 576 21 patches patch NNS 21781 576 22 , , , 21781 576 23 the the DT 21781 576 24 Peyer Peyer NNP 21781 576 25 's 's POS 21781 576 26 patches patch NNS 21781 576 27 , , , 21781 576 28 on on IN 21781 576 29 the the DT 21781 576 30 ileum ileum NN 21781 576 31 . . . 21781 577 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 577 2 also also RB 21781 577 3 constitutes constitute VBZ 21781 577 4 the the DT 21781 577 5 mass mass NN 21781 577 6 of of IN 21781 577 7 the the DT 21781 577 8 vermiform vermiform NN 21781 577 9 appendix appendix NNP 21781 577 10 and and CC 21781 577 11 the the DT 21781 577 12 wall wall NN 21781 577 13 of of IN 21781 577 14 the the DT 21781 577 15 sacculus sacculus NN 21781 577 16 rotundus rotundus NN 21781 577 17 ; ; : 21781 577 18 and and CC 21781 577 19 in in IN 21781 577 20 the the DT 21781 577 21 young young JJ 21781 577 22 animal animal NN 21781 577 23 the the DT 21781 577 24 " " `` 21781 577 25 thymus thymus NNP 21781 577 26 gland gland NN 21781 577 27 , , , 21781 577 28 " " '' 21781 577 29 ventral ventral JJ 21781 577 30 to to IN 21781 577 31 the the DT 21781 577 32 heart heart NN 21781 577 33 , , , 21781 577 34 and and CC 21781 577 35 less less RBR 21781 577 36 entirely entirely RB 21781 577 37 , , , 21781 577 38 the the DT 21781 577 39 " " `` 21781 577 40 thyroid thyroid NNP 21781 577 41 gland gland NNP 21781 577 42 , , , 21781 577 43 " " '' 21781 577 44 ventral ventral JJ 21781 577 45 to to IN 21781 577 46 the the DT 21781 577 47 larynx larynx NN 21781 577 48 , , , 21781 577 49 are be VBP 21781 577 50 similar similar JJ 21781 577 51 structures structure NNS 21781 577 52 , , , 21781 577 53 which which WDT 21781 577 54 are be VBP 21781 577 55 reduced reduce VBN 21781 577 56 or or CC 21781 577 57 disappear disappear VBP 21781 577 58 as as IN 21781 577 59 development development NN 21781 577 60 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 577 61 . . . 21781 578 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 578 2 is be VBZ 21781 578 3 evident evident JJ 21781 578 4 that that IN 21781 578 5 in in IN 21781 578 6 these these DT 21781 578 7 two two CD 21781 578 8 latter latter JJ 21781 578 9 cases case NNS 21781 578 10 the the DT 21781 578 11 term term NN 21781 578 12 " " `` 21781 578 13 gland gland NN 21781 578 14 " " '' 21781 578 15 is be VBZ 21781 578 16 somewhat somewhat RB 21781 578 17 of of IN 21781 578 18 a a DT 21781 578 19 misnomer misnomer NN 21781 578 20 . . . 21781 579 1 The the DT 21781 579 2 matrix matrix NN 21781 579 3 of of IN 21781 579 4 botryoidal botryoidal JJ 21781 579 5 tissue tissue NN 21781 579 6 is be VBZ 21781 579 7 a a DT 21781 579 8 network network NN 21781 579 9 of of IN 21781 579 10 stretched stretch VBN 21781 579 11 and and CC 21781 579 12 hollowed hollow VBN 21781 579 13 connective connective JJ 21781 579 14 tissue tissue NN 21781 579 15 cells-- cells-- CC 21781 579 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 579 17 is be VBZ 21781 579 18 not not RB 21781 579 19 a a DT 21781 579 20 secretion secretion NN 21781 579 21 , , , 21781 579 22 as as IN 21781 579 23 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 579 24 matrix matrix NN 21781 579 25 appears appear VBZ 21781 579 26 to to TO 21781 579 27 be be VB 21781 579 28 . . . 21781 580 1 During during IN 21781 580 2 digestion digestion NN 21781 580 3 , , , 21781 580 4 the the DT 21781 580 5 phagocytes phagocyte NNS 21781 580 6 prowl prowl VBP 21781 580 7 into into IN 21781 580 8 the the DT 21781 580 9 intestine intestine NN 21781 580 10 , , , 21781 580 11 and and CC 21781 580 12 ingest ingest VB 21781 580 13 and and CC 21781 580 14 devour devour JJ 21781 580 15 bacteria bacteria NNS 21781 580 16 , , , 21781 580 17 that that WDT 21781 580 18 might may MD 21781 580 19 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 580 20 give give VB 21781 580 21 rise rise NN 21781 580 22 to to IN 21781 580 23 disease disease NN 21781 580 24 . . . 21781 581 1 In in IN 21781 581 2 inflammation inflammation NN 21781 581 3 , , , 21781 581 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 581 5 may may MD 21781 581 6 note note VB 21781 581 7 here here RB 21781 581 8 , , , 21781 581 9 they -PRON- PRP 21781 581 10 converge converge VBP 21781 581 11 from from IN 21781 581 12 all all DT 21781 581 13 directions direction NNS 21781 581 14 upon upon IN 21781 581 15 the the DT 21781 581 16 point point NN 21781 581 17 wounded wound VBN 21781 581 18 or or CC 21781 581 19 irritated irritated JJ 21781 581 20 . . . 21781 582 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 582 2 appear appear VBP 21781 582 3 to to TO 21781 582 4 be be VB 21781 582 5 the the DT 21781 582 6 active active JJ 21781 582 7 agents agent NNS 21781 582 8 in in IN 21781 582 9 all all DT 21781 582 10 processes process NNS 21781 582 11 of of IN 21781 582 12 absorption absorption NN 21781 582 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 582 14 see see VB 21781 582 15 osteoclasts osteoclast NNS 21781 582 16 under under IN 21781 582 17 bone bone NN 21781 582 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 582 19 , , , 21781 582 20 and and CC 21781 582 21 for for IN 21781 582 22 instance instance NN 21781 582 23 , , , 21781 582 24 migrate migrate VBP 21781 582 25 into into IN 21781 582 26 and and CC 21781 582 27 devour devour VB 21781 582 28 the the DT 21781 582 29 tissue tissue NN 21781 582 30 of of IN 21781 582 31 the the DT 21781 582 32 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 582 33 's 's POS 21781 582 34 tail tail NN 21781 582 35 , , , 21781 582 36 during during IN 21781 582 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 582 38 metamorphosis metamorphosis NN 21781 582 39 to to IN 21781 582 40 the the DT 21781 582 41 adult adult NN 21781 582 42 frog frog NN 21781 582 43 . . . 21781 583 1 Section section NN 21781 583 2 67 67 CD 21781 583 3 . . . 21781 584 1 Within within IN 21781 584 2 the the DT 21781 584 3 connective connective JJ 21781 584 4 tissue tissue NN 21781 584 5 cells cell NNS 21781 584 6 fat fat JJ 21781 584 7 drops drop NNS 21781 584 8 may may MD 21781 584 9 be be VB 21781 584 10 formed form VBN 21781 584 11 , , , 21781 584 12 as as IN 21781 584 13 in in IN 21781 584 14 Figure Figure NNP 21781 584 15 XV XV NNP 21781 584 16 . . . 21781 585 1 Adipose adipose JJ 21781 585 2 tissue tissue NN 21781 585 3 is be VBZ 21781 585 4 simply simply RB 21781 585 5 connective connective JJ 21781 585 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 585 7 loaded load VBN 21781 585 8 with with IN 21781 585 9 fat fat JJ 21781 585 10 - - HYPH 21781 585 11 distended distended JJ 21781 585 12 cells cell NNS 21781 585 13 . . . 21781 586 1 The the DT 21781 586 2 tissue tissue NN 21781 586 3 is be VBZ 21781 586 4 , , , 21781 586 5 of of IN 21781 586 6 course course NN 21781 586 7 , , , 21781 586 8 a a DT 21781 586 9 store store NN 21781 586 10 form form NN 21781 586 11 of of IN 21781 586 12 hydro hydro NNP 21781 586 13 - - HYPH 21781 586 14 carbon carbon NNP 21781 586 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 586 16 Section section NN 21781 586 17 17 17 CD 21781 586 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 586 19 provided provide VBD 21781 586 20 against against IN 21781 586 21 the the DT 21781 586 22 possible possible JJ 21781 586 23 misadventure misadventure NN 21781 586 24 of of IN 21781 586 25 starvation starvation NN 21781 586 26 . . . 21781 587 1 With with IN 21781 587 2 the the DT 21781 587 3 exception exception NN 21781 587 4 of of IN 21781 587 5 some some DT 21781 587 6 hybernating hybernating NN 21781 587 7 animals animal NNS 21781 587 8 , , , 21781 587 9 such such JJ 21781 587 10 store store NN 21781 587 11 forms form NNS 21781 587 12 would would MD 21781 587 13 seem seem VB 21781 587 14 to to TO 21781 587 15 be be VB 21781 587 16 of of IN 21781 587 17 accidental accidental JJ 21781 587 18 importance importance NN 21781 587 19 only only RB 21781 587 20 among among IN 21781 587 21 animals animal NNS 21781 587 22 , , , 21781 587 23 whereas whereas IN 21781 587 24 among among IN 21781 587 25 plants plant NNS 21781 587 26 they -PRON- PRP 21781 587 27 are be VBP 21781 587 28 of of IN 21781 587 29 invariable invariable JJ 21781 587 30 and and CC 21781 587 31 necessary necessary JJ 21781 587 32 occurrence occurrence NN 21781 587 33 . . . 21781 588 1 Section section NN 21781 588 2 68 68 CD 21781 588 3 . . . 21781 589 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 589 2 now now RB 21781 589 3 come come VBP 21781 589 4 to to IN 21781 589 5 Bone Bone NNP 21781 589 6 , , , 21781 589 7 a a DT 21781 589 8 tissue tissue NN 21781 589 9 confined confine VBN 21781 589 10 to to IN 21781 589 11 the the DT 21781 589 12 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 589 13 , , , 21781 589 14 and and CC 21781 589 15 typically typically RB 21781 589 16 shown show VBN 21781 589 17 only only RB 21781 589 18 in in IN 21781 589 19 the the DT 21781 589 20 higher high JJR 21781 589 21 types type NNS 21781 589 22 . . . 21781 590 1 As as IN 21781 590 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 590 3 descend descend VBP 21781 590 4 in in IN 21781 590 5 the the DT 21781 590 6 scale scale NN 21781 590 7 from from IN 21781 590 8 birds bird NNS 21781 590 9 and and CC 21781 590 10 mammals mammal NNS 21781 590 11 to to IN 21781 590 12 lizards lizards NNP 21781 590 13 , , , 21781 590 14 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 590 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 590 16 frogs frog NNS 21781 590 17 and and CC 21781 590 18 toads toad NNS 21781 590 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 590 20 and and CC 21781 590 21 fish fish VB 21781 590 22 , , , 21781 590 23 we -PRON- PRP 21781 590 24 find find VBP 21781 590 25 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 590 26 continually continually RB 21781 590 27 more more RBR 21781 590 28 important important JJ 21781 590 29 , , , 21781 590 30 and and CC 21781 590 31 the the DT 21781 590 32 bony bony NN 21781 590 33 constituent constituent NN 21781 590 34 of of IN 21781 590 35 the the DT 21781 590 36 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 590 37 correspondingly correspondingly RB 21781 590 38 less less RBR 21781 590 39 so so RB 21781 590 40 . . . 21781 591 1 In in IN 21781 591 2 such such PDT 21781 591 3 a a DT 21781 591 4 type type NN 21781 591 5 as as IN 21781 591 6 the the DT 21781 591 7 dog dog NN 21781 591 8 - - HYPH 21781 591 9 fish fish NN 21781 591 10 , , , 21781 591 11 the the DT 21781 591 12 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 591 13 is be VBZ 21781 591 14 entirely entirely RB 21781 591 15 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 591 16 , , , 21781 591 17 bone bone NN 21781 591 18 only only RB 21781 591 19 occurs occur VBZ 21781 591 20 in in IN 21781 591 21 connection connection NN 21781 591 22 with with IN 21781 591 23 the the DT 21781 591 24 animal animal NN 21781 591 25 's 's POS 21781 591 26 scales scale NNS 21781 591 27 ; ; : 21781 591 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 591 29 must must MD 21781 591 30 have have VB 21781 591 31 been be VBN 21781 591 32 in in IN 21781 591 33 connection connection NN 21781 591 34 with with IN 21781 591 35 scales scale NNS 21781 591 36 that that WDT 21781 591 37 bone bone NN 21781 591 38 first first RB 21781 591 39 appeared appear VBD 21781 591 40 in in IN 21781 591 41 the the DT 21781 591 42 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 591 43 sub sub NN 21781 591 44 - - NN 21781 591 45 kingdom kingdom NN 21781 591 46 . . . 21781 592 1 In in IN 21781 592 2 the the DT 21781 592 3 frog frog NN 21781 592 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 592 5 have have VBP 21781 592 6 a a DT 21781 592 7 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 592 8 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 592 9 overlaid overlay VBN 21781 592 10 by by IN 21781 592 11 numerous numerous JJ 21781 592 12 bony bony NNP 21781 592 13 scutes scute NNS 21781 592 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 592 15 shield shield NN 21781 592 16 - - HYPH 21781 592 17 like like JJ 21781 592 18 plates plate NNS 21781 592 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 592 20 which which WDT 21781 592 21 , , , 21781 592 22 when when WRB 21781 592 23 the the DT 21781 592 24 student student NN 21781 592 25 comes come VBZ 21781 592 26 to to TO 21781 592 27 study study VB 21781 592 28 that that DT 21781 592 29 type type NN 21781 592 30 , , , 21781 592 31 he -PRON- PRP 21781 592 32 will will MD 21781 592 33 perceive perceive VB 21781 592 34 are be VBP 21781 592 35 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 592 36 to to IN 21781 592 37 the the DT 21781 592 38 bony bony NN 21781 592 39 parts part NNS 21781 592 40 of of IN 21781 592 41 such such JJ 21781 592 42 scales scale NNS 21781 592 43 as as IN 21781 592 44 occur occur NN 21781 592 45 in in IN 21781 592 46 the the DT 21781 592 47 dog dog NN 21781 592 48 - - HYPH 21781 592 49 fish fish NN 21781 592 50 , , , 21781 592 51 sunk sink VBN 21781 592 52 inward inward RB 21781 592 53 , , , 21781 592 54 and and CC 21781 592 55 plating plate VBG 21781 592 56 over over IN 21781 592 57 the the DT 21781 592 58 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 592 59 ; ; : 21781 592 60 and and CC 21781 592 61 in in IN 21781 592 62 the the DT 21781 592 63 frog frog NN 21781 592 64 the the DT 21781 592 65 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 592 66 also also RB 21781 592 67 is be VBZ 21781 592 68 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 592 69 , , , 21781 592 70 in in IN 21781 592 71 a a DT 21781 592 72 few few JJ 21781 592 73 places place NNS 21781 592 74 , , , 21781 592 75 replaced replace VBN 21781 592 76 by by IN 21781 592 77 bony bony NNP 21781 592 78 tissue tissue NN 21781 592 79 . . . 21781 593 1 In in IN 21781 593 2 the the DT 21781 593 3 adult adult NN 21781 593 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 593 5 these these DT 21781 593 6 two two CD 21781 593 7 kinds kind NNS 21781 593 8 of of IN 21781 593 9 bone bone NN 21781 593 10 , , , 21781 593 11 the the DT 21781 593 12 bone bone NN 21781 593 13 overlying overlying NN 21781 593 14 what what WP 21781 593 15 was be VBD 21781 593 16 originally originally RB 21781 593 17 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 593 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 593 19 membrane membrane NN 21781 593 20 bone bone NN 21781 593 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 593 22 , , , 21781 593 23 and and CC 21781 593 24 the the DT 21781 593 25 bone bone NN 21781 593 26 replacing replace VBG 21781 593 27 the the DT 21781 593 28 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 593 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 593 30 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 593 31 bone bone NN 21781 593 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 593 33 have have VBP 21781 593 34 , , , 21781 593 35 between between IN 21781 593 36 them -PRON- PRP 21781 593 37 , , , 21781 593 38 practically practically RB 21781 593 39 superseded supersede VBD 21781 593 40 the the DT 21781 593 41 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 593 42 altogether altogether RB 21781 593 43 . . . 21781 594 1 The the DT 21781 594 2 structure structure NN 21781 594 3 of of IN 21781 594 4 the the DT 21781 594 5 most most RBS 21781 594 6 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 594 7 kind kind NN 21781 594 8 of of IN 21781 594 9 bone bone NN 21781 594 10 will will MD 21781 594 11 be be VB 21781 594 12 understood understand VBN 21781 594 13 by by IN 21781 594 14 reference reference NN 21781 594 15 to to IN 21781 594 16 Figure Figure NNP 21781 594 17 XVI XVI NNP 21781 594 18 . . . 21781 595 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 595 2 is be VBZ 21781 595 3 a a DT 21781 595 4 simplified simplified JJ 21781 595 5 diagram diagram NN 21781 595 6 of of IN 21781 595 7 the the DT 21781 595 8 transverse transverse JJ 21781 595 9 section section NN 21781 595 10 of of IN 21781 595 11 such such PDT 21781 595 12 a a DT 21781 595 13 bone bone NN 21781 595 14 as as IN 21781 595 15 the the DT 21781 595 16 thigh thigh NN 21781 595 17 bone bone NN 21781 595 18 . . . 21781 596 1 M.C. M.C. NNP 21781 597 1 is be VBZ 21781 597 2 the the DT 21781 597 3 central central JJ 21781 597 4 marrow marrow NNP 21781 597 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 597 6 , , , 21781 597 7 H.v H.v NNP 21781 597 8 . . NNP 21781 597 9 , , , 21781 597 10 H.v H.v NNP 21781 597 11 . . . 21781 598 1 are be VBP 21781 598 2 cross cross NN 21781 598 3 sections section NNS 21781 598 4 of of IN 21781 598 5 small small JJ 21781 598 6 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 598 7 , , , 21781 598 8 the the DT 21781 598 9 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 598 10 vessels vessel NNS 21781 598 11 running run VBG 21781 598 12 more more RBR 21781 598 13 or or CC 21781 598 14 less less RBR 21781 598 15 longitudinally longitudinally RB 21781 598 16 through through RB 21781 598 17 , , , 21781 598 18 the the DT 21781 598 19 bone bone NN 21781 598 20 in in IN 21781 598 21 canals canal NNS 21781 598 22 , , , 21781 598 23 the the DT 21781 598 24 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 598 25 canals canal NNS 21781 598 26 . . . 21781 599 1 Arranged arrange VBN 21781 599 2 round round IN 21781 599 3 these these DT 21781 599 4 vessels vessel NNS 21781 599 5 are be VBP 21781 599 6 circles circle NNS 21781 599 7 of of IN 21781 599 8 the the DT 21781 599 9 formative formative JJ 21781 599 10 elements element NNS 21781 599 11 , , , 21781 599 12 the the DT 21781 599 13 bone bone NN 21781 599 14 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 599 15 or or CC 21781 599 16 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS 21781 599 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 599 18 b.c b.c NNP 21781 599 19 . . NNP 21781 599 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 600 1 each each DT 21781 600 2 embedded embed VBN 21781 600 3 in in IN 21781 600 4 bony bony NNP 21781 600 5 matrix matrix NNP 21781 600 6 in in IN 21781 600 7 a a DT 21781 600 8 little little JJ 21781 600 9 bed bed NN 21781 600 10 , , , 21781 600 11 the the DT 21781 600 12 lacuna lacuna NN 21781 600 13 , , , 21781 600 14 and and CC 21781 600 15 communicating communicate VBG 21781 600 16 one one CD 21781 600 17 with with IN 21781 600 18 another another DT 21781 600 19 by by IN 21781 600 20 fine fine JJ 21781 600 21 processes process NNS 21781 600 22 through through IN 21781 600 23 canaliculi canaliculus NNS 21781 600 24 in in IN 21781 600 25 the the DT 21781 600 26 matrix matrix NN 21781 600 27 , , , 21781 600 28 which which WDT 21781 600 29 processes process NNS 21781 600 30 are be VBP 21781 600 31 only only RB 21781 600 32 to to TO 21781 600 33 be be VB 21781 600 34 seen see VBN 21781 600 35 clearly clearly RB 21781 600 36 in in IN 21781 600 37 decalcified decalcified JJ 21781 600 38 bone bone NN 21781 600 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 600 40 See see VB 21781 600 41 Section Section NNP 21781 600 42 70 70 CD 21781 600 43 ) ) -RRB- 21781 600 44 . . . 21781 601 1 The the DT 21781 601 2 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS 21781 601 3 are be VBP 21781 601 4 arranged arrange VBN 21781 601 5 in in IN 21781 601 6 concentric concentric NNP 21781 601 7 series series NN 21781 601 8 , , , 21781 601 9 and and CC 21781 601 10 the the DT 21781 601 11 matrix matrix NN 21781 601 12 is be VBZ 21781 601 13 therefore therefore RB 21781 601 14 in in IN 21781 601 15 concentric concentric JJ 21781 601 16 layers layer NNS 21781 601 17 , , , 21781 601 18 or or CC 21781 601 19 lamellae lamellae NNP 21781 601 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 601 21 c.l c.l NNP 21781 601 22 . . NNP 21781 601 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 601 24 . . . 21781 602 1 Without without IN 21781 602 2 and and CC 21781 602 3 within within IN 21781 602 4 the the DT 21781 602 5 zone zone NN 21781 602 6 of of IN 21781 602 7 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 602 8 systems system NNS 21781 602 9 are be VBP 21781 602 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 602 11 o.l o.l NNP 21781 602 12 . . . 21781 603 1 and and CC 21781 603 2 i.l i.l NNP 21781 603 3 . . . 21781 604 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 604 2 , , , 21781 604 3 the the DT 21781 604 4 outer outer JJ 21781 604 5 and and CC 21781 604 6 inner inner JJ 21781 604 7 lamellae lamella NNS 21781 604 8 . . . 21781 605 1 The the DT 21781 605 2 bone bone NN 21781 605 3 is be VBZ 21781 605 4 surrounded surround VBN 21781 605 5 by by IN 21781 605 6 connective connective JJ 21781 605 7 tissue tissue NN 21781 605 8 , , , 21781 605 9 the the DT 21781 605 10 periosteum periosteum NN 21781 605 11 . . . 21781 606 1 In in IN 21781 606 2 addition addition NN 21781 606 3 to to IN 21781 606 4 this this DT 21781 606 5 compact compact JJ 21781 606 6 bone bone NN 21781 606 7 , , , 21781 606 8 there there EX 21781 606 9 is be VBZ 21781 606 10 a a DT 21781 606 11 lighter light JJR 21781 606 12 and and CC 21781 606 13 looser loose JJR 21781 606 14 variety variety NN 21781 606 15 in in IN 21781 606 16 which which WDT 21781 606 17 spicules spicule VBZ 21781 606 18 and and CC 21781 606 19 bars bar NNS 21781 606 20 of of IN 21781 606 21 bony bony NN 21781 606 22 tissue tissue NN 21781 606 23 are be VBP 21781 606 24 loosely loosely RB 21781 606 25 interwoven interwoven JJ 21781 606 26 . . . 21781 607 1 Many many JJ 21781 607 2 flat flat JJ 21781 607 3 bones bone NNS 21781 607 4 , , , 21781 607 5 the the DT 21781 607 6 bones bone NNS 21781 607 7 of of IN 21781 607 8 the the DT 21781 607 9 skull skull NN 21781 607 10 , , , 21781 607 11 for for IN 21781 607 12 instance instance NN 21781 607 13 , , , 21781 607 14 consist consist VB 21781 607 15 of of IN 21781 607 16 this this DT 21781 607 17 spongy spongy NN 21781 607 18 bone bone NN 21781 607 19 , , , 21781 607 20 plated plate VBN 21781 607 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 607 22 as as IN 21781 607 23 an an DT 21781 607 24 electro electro JJ 21781 607 25 spoon spoon NN 21781 607 26 is be VBZ 21781 607 27 plated plate VBN 21781 607 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 607 29 with with IN 21781 607 30 compact compact JJ 21781 607 31 bone bone NN 21781 607 32 . . . 21781 608 1 Section section NN 21781 608 2 69 69 CD 21781 608 3 . . . 21781 609 1 Among among IN 21781 609 2 the the DT 21781 609 3 bony bony NN 21781 609 4 bars bar NNS 21781 609 5 and and CC 21781 609 6 spicules spicule NNS 21781 609 7 of of IN 21781 609 8 spongy spongy NNP 21781 609 9 bone bone NN 21781 609 10 occurs occur VBZ 21781 609 11 the the DT 21781 609 12 red red NNP 21781 609 13 marrow-- marrow-- NNP 21781 609 14 which which WDT 21781 609 15 must must MD 21781 609 16 not not RB 21781 609 17 be be VB 21781 609 18 confused confuse VBN 21781 609 19 with with IN 21781 609 20 the the DT 21781 609 21 yellow yellow JJ 21781 609 22 marrow marrow NN 21781 609 23 , , , 21781 609 24 the the DT 21781 609 25 fatty fatty NN 21781 609 26 substance substance NN 21781 609 27 in in IN 21781 609 28 the the DT 21781 609 29 central central JJ 21781 609 30 cavity cavity NN 21781 609 31 of of IN 21781 609 32 long long JJ 21781 609 33 bones bone NNS 21781 609 34 . . . 21781 610 1 In in IN 21781 610 2 this this DT 21781 610 3 red red JJ 21781 610 4 marrow marrow NN 21781 610 5 are be VBP 21781 610 6 numerous numerous JJ 21781 610 7 large large JJ 21781 610 8 colourless colourless NN 21781 610 9 cells cell NNS 21781 610 10 , , , 21781 610 11 which which WDT 21781 610 12 appear appear VBP 21781 610 13 to to TO 21781 610 14 form form VB 21781 610 15 within within IN 21781 610 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 610 17 substance substance NN 21781 610 18 and and CC 21781 610 19 then then RB 21781 610 20 liberate liberate VB 21781 610 21 red red JJ 21781 610 22 blood blood NN 21781 610 23 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 610 24 . . . 21781 611 1 This this DT 21781 611 2 occurs occur VBZ 21781 611 3 especially especially RB 21781 611 4 in in IN 21781 611 5 the the DT 21781 611 6 spongy spongy NN 21781 611 7 bone bone NN 21781 611 8 within within IN 21781 611 9 the the DT 21781 611 10 ribs rib NNS 21781 611 11 . . . 21781 612 1 Section section NN 21781 612 2 70 70 CD 21781 612 3 . . . 21781 613 1 The the DT 21781 613 2 matrix matrix NN 21781 613 3 of of IN 21781 613 4 bone bone NN 21781 613 5 differs differ VBZ 21781 613 6 from from IN 21781 613 7 that that DT 21781 613 8 of of IN 21781 613 9 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 613 10 or or CC 21781 613 11 of of IN 21781 613 12 most most JJS 21781 613 13 other other JJ 21781 613 14 tissues tissue NNS 21781 613 15 in in IN 21781 613 16 consisting consist VBG 21781 613 17 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 613 18 of of IN 21781 613 19 inorganic inorganic JJ 21781 613 20 salts salt NNS 21781 613 21 . . . 21781 614 1 The the DT 21781 614 2 chief chief NN 21781 614 3 of of IN 21781 614 4 these these DT 21781 614 5 is be VBZ 21781 614 6 calcium calcium NN 21781 614 7 phosphate phosphate NN 21781 614 8 , , , 21781 614 9 with with IN 21781 614 10 which which WDT 21781 614 11 much much JJ 21781 614 12 smaller small JJR 21781 614 13 quantities quantity NNS 21781 614 14 of of IN 21781 614 15 calcium calcium NN 21781 614 16 carbonate carbonate NN 21781 614 17 , , , 21781 614 18 and and CC 21781 614 19 magnesium magnesium NN 21781 614 20 phosphate phosphate NN 21781 614 21 and and CC 21781 614 22 carbonate carbonate JJ 21781 614 23 occur occur VBP 21781 614 24 . . . 21781 615 1 These these DT 21781 615 2 inorganic inorganic JJ 21781 615 3 salts salt NNS 21781 615 4 can can MD 21781 615 5 be be VB 21781 615 6 removed remove VBN 21781 615 7 by by IN 21781 615 8 immersion immersion NN 21781 615 9 of of IN 21781 615 10 the the DT 21781 615 11 bone bone NN 21781 615 12 in in IN 21781 615 13 weak weak JJ 21781 615 14 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 21781 615 15 acid acid NN 21781 615 16 , , , 21781 615 17 and and CC 21781 615 18 a a DT 21781 615 19 flexible flexible JJ 21781 615 20 network network NN 21781 615 21 of of IN 21781 615 22 connecting connect VBG 21781 615 23 tissue tissue NN 21781 615 24 , , , 21781 615 25 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 615 26 vessels vessel NNS 21781 615 27 , , , 21781 615 28 bone bone NN 21781 615 29 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 615 30 , , , 21781 615 31 and and CC 21781 615 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 615 33 processes process NNS 21781 615 34 remains remain VBZ 21781 615 35 . . . 21781 616 1 This this DT 21781 616 2 is be VBZ 21781 616 3 decalcified decalcify VBN 21781 616 4 bone bone NN 21781 616 5 alluded allude VBN 21781 616 6 to to IN 21781 616 7 above above RB 21781 616 8 . . . 21781 617 1 Section section NN 21781 617 2 71 71 CD 21781 617 3 . . . 21781 618 1 In in IN 21781 618 2 the the DT 21781 618 3 very very RB 21781 618 4 young young JJ 21781 618 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 618 6 , , , 21781 618 7 the the DT 21781 618 8 limb limb NN 21781 618 9 bones bone NNS 21781 618 10 , , , 21781 618 11 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 618 12 column column NN 21781 618 13 , , , 21781 618 14 and and CC 21781 618 15 many many JJ 21781 618 16 of of IN 21781 618 17 the the DT 21781 618 18 skull skull NN 21781 618 19 bones bone NNS 21781 618 20 are be VBP 21781 618 21 simply simply RB 21781 618 22 plates plate NNS 21781 618 23 and and CC 21781 618 24 bars bar NNS 21781 618 25 of of IN 21781 618 26 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 618 27 ; ; : 21781 618 28 the the DT 21781 618 29 future future JJ 21781 618 30 membrane membrane NN 21781 618 31 bones bone NNS 21781 618 32 , , , 21781 618 33 however however RB 21781 618 34 are be VBP 21781 618 35 planned plan VBN 21781 618 36 out out RP 21781 618 37 in in IN 21781 618 38 connective connective JJ 21781 618 39 tissue tissue NN 21781 618 40 . . . 21781 619 1 The the DT 21781 619 2 development development NN 21781 619 3 of of IN 21781 619 4 the the DT 21781 619 5 latter latter JJ 21781 619 6 is be VBZ 21781 619 7 simple simple JJ 21781 619 8 , , , 21781 619 9 the the DT 21781 619 10 connective connective JJ 21781 619 11 tissue tissue NN 21781 619 12 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 619 13 functioning function VBG 21781 619 14 by by IN 21781 619 15 a a DT 21781 619 16 simple simple JJ 21781 619 17 change change NN 21781 619 18 of of IN 21781 619 19 product product NN 21781 619 20 as as IN 21781 619 21 osteoblast osteoblast NN 21781 619 22 . . . 21781 620 1 The the DT 21781 620 2 development development NN 21781 620 3 of of IN 21781 620 4 the the DT 21781 620 5 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 620 6 bones bone NNS 21781 620 7 , , , 21781 620 8 however however RB 21781 620 9 , , , 21781 620 10 is be VBZ 21781 620 11 more more RBR 21781 620 12 complicated complicated JJ 21781 620 13 . . . 21781 621 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 621 2 XVII XVII NNP 21781 621 3 . . . 21781 621 4 , , , 21781 621 5 represents represent VBZ 21781 621 6 , , , 21781 621 7 in in IN 21781 621 8 a a DT 21781 621 9 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 621 10 way way NN 21781 621 11 , , , 21781 621 12 the the DT 21781 621 13 stages stage NNS 21781 621 14 in in IN 21781 621 15 the the DT 21781 621 16 conversion conversion NN 21781 621 17 of of IN 21781 621 18 a a DT 21781 621 19 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 621 20 bar bar NN 21781 621 21 to to IN 21781 621 22 bone bone NN 21781 621 23 . . . 21781 622 1 To to TO 21781 622 2 begin begin VB 21781 622 3 with with IN 21781 622 4 , , , 21781 622 5 the the DT 21781 622 6 previously previously RB 21781 622 7 sporadically sporadically RB 21781 622 8 - - HYPH 21781 622 9 arranged arrange VBN 21781 622 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 622 11 scattered scatter VBN 21781 622 12 anyhow anyhow RB 21781 622 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 622 14 corpuscles corpuscles NNP 21781 622 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 622 16 u.c.c u.c.c NNP 21781 622 17 . . . 21781 622 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 623 1 are be VBP 21781 623 2 gathered gather VBN 21781 623 3 into into IN 21781 623 4 groups group NNS 21781 623 5 in in IN 21781 623 6 single single JJ 21781 623 7 file file NN 21781 623 8 , , , 21781 623 9 or or CC 21781 623 10 in in IN 21781 623 11 other other JJ 21781 623 12 words word NNS 21781 623 13 , , , 21781 623 14 into into IN 21781 623 15 " " `` 21781 623 16 columnar columnar JJ 21781 623 17 " " '' 21781 623 18 groups group NNS 21781 623 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 623 20 as as IN 21781 623 21 at at IN 21781 623 22 c.c c.c NNP 21781 623 23 . . NNP 21781 623 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 623 25 . . . 21781 624 1 The the DT 21781 624 2 matrix matrix NN 21781 624 3 becomes become VBZ 21781 624 4 clouded clouded JJ 21781 624 5 with with IN 21781 624 6 inorganic inorganic JJ 21781 624 7 salts salt NNS 21781 624 8 of of IN 21781 624 9 lime lime NN 21781 624 10 , , , 21781 624 11 and and CC 21781 624 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 624 13 is be VBZ 21781 624 14 then then RB 21781 624 15 said say VBN 21781 624 16 to to TO 21781 624 17 be be VB 21781 624 18 calcified calcify VBN 21781 624 19 . . . 21781 625 1 This this DT 21781 625 2 calcified calcify VBD 21781 625 3 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 625 4 then then RB 21781 625 5 undergoes undergo VBZ 21781 625 6 absorption-- absorption-- NNP 21781 625 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 625 8 must must MD 21781 625 9 not not RB 21781 625 10 be be VB 21781 625 11 imagined imagine VBN 21781 625 12 for for IN 21781 625 13 a a DT 21781 625 14 moment moment NN 21781 625 15 that that WDT 21781 625 16 bone bone NN 21781 625 17 is be VBZ 21781 625 18 calcified calcify VBN 21781 625 19 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 625 20 . . . 21781 626 1 Simultaneous simultaneous JJ 21781 626 2 with with IN 21781 626 3 the the DT 21781 626 4 formation formation NN 21781 626 5 of of IN 21781 626 6 the the DT 21781 626 7 cavities cavity NNS 21781 626 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 626 9 s. s. NNP 21781 626 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 626 11 due due IN 21781 626 12 to to IN 21781 626 13 this this DT 21781 626 14 absorption absorption NN 21781 626 15 , , , 21781 626 16 connective connective JJ 21781 626 17 tissue tissue NN 21781 626 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 626 19 p.c.i p.c.i NNP 21781 626 20 . . . 21781 626 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 627 1 from from IN 21781 627 2 the the DT 21781 627 3 surrounding surround VBG 21781 627 4 perichondrium perichondrium NN 21781 627 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 627 6 p.c p.c NNP 21781 627 7 . . NNP 21781 627 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 628 1 grows grow VBZ 21781 628 2 into into IN 21781 628 3 the the DT 21781 628 4 ossifying ossify VBG 21781 628 5 * * NN 21781 628 6 bar bar NN 21781 628 7 . . . 21781 629 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 629 2 is be VBZ 21781 629 3 from from IN 21781 629 4 this this DT 21781 629 5 connective connective JJ 21781 629 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 629 7 that that WDT 21781 629 8 the the DT 21781 629 9 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS 21781 629 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 629 11 o.b o.b NNP 21781 629 12 . . . 21781 629 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 630 1 arise arise VB 21781 630 2 , , , 21781 630 3 and and CC 21781 630 4 bone bone NN 21781 630 5 is be VBZ 21781 630 6 built build VBN 21781 630 7 up up RP 21781 630 8 . . . 21781 631 1 Throughout throughout IN 21781 631 2 life life NN 21781 631 3 a a DT 21781 631 4 bone bone NN 21781 631 5 is be VBZ 21781 631 6 continually continually RB 21781 631 7 being be VBG 21781 631 8 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 631 9 and and CC 21781 631 10 reformed reform VBN 21781 631 11 by by IN 21781 631 12 the the DT 21781 631 13 activity activity NN 21781 631 14 of of IN 21781 631 15 the the DT 21781 631 16 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS 21781 631 17 . . . 21781 632 1 An an DT 21781 632 2 osteoblast osteoblast NN 21781 632 3 engaged engage VBN 21781 632 4 in in IN 21781 632 5 the the DT 21781 632 6 absorption absorption NN 21781 632 7 instead instead RB 21781 632 8 of of IN 21781 632 9 the the DT 21781 632 10 formation formation NN 21781 632 11 of of IN 21781 632 12 bone bone NN 21781 632 13 is be VBZ 21781 632 14 called call VBN 21781 632 15 an an DT 21781 632 16 osteoclast osteoclast NN 21781 632 17 . . . 21781 633 1 * * NFP 21781 633 2 The the DT 21781 633 3 formation formation NN 21781 633 4 of of IN 21781 633 5 bone bone NN 21781 633 6 is be VBZ 21781 633 7 called call VBN 21781 633 8 ossification ossification NN 21781 633 9 . . . 21781 634 1 To to TO 21781 634 2 ossify ossify VB 21781 634 3 is be VBZ 21781 634 4 to to TO 21781 634 5 become become VB 21781 634 6 bony bony NN 21781 634 7 . . . 21781 635 1 Section section NN 21781 635 2 72 72 CD 21781 635 3 . . . 21781 636 1 The the DT 21781 636 2 great great JJ 21781 636 3 thing thing NN 21781 636 4 to to TO 21781 636 5 notice notice VB 21781 636 6 about about IN 21781 636 7 this this DT 21781 636 8 is be VBZ 21781 636 9 that that DT 21781 636 10 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 636 11 does do VBZ 21781 636 12 not not RB 21781 636 13 become become VB 21781 636 14 bone bone NN 21781 636 15 , , , 21781 636 16 but but CC 21781 636 17 is be VBZ 21781 636 18 eaten eat VBN 21781 636 19 into into IN 21781 636 20 and and CC 21781 636 21 ousted oust VBN 21781 636 22 by by IN 21781 636 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 636 24 ; ; : 21781 636 25 the the DT 21781 636 26 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS 21781 636 27 and and CC 21781 636 28 osteoclasts osteoclast NNS 21781 636 29 replace replace VBP 21781 636 30 entirely entirely RB 21781 636 31 the the DT 21781 636 32 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 636 33 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 636 34 , , , 21781 636 35 and and CC 21781 636 36 are be VBP 21781 636 37 not not RB 21781 636 38 derived derive VBN 21781 636 39 from from IN 21781 636 40 them -PRON- PRP 21781 636 41 . . . 21781 637 1 Section section NN 21781 637 2 73 73 CD 21781 637 3 . . . 21781 638 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 638 2 may may MD 21781 638 3 mention mention VB 21781 638 4 here here RB 21781 638 5 the the DT 21781 638 6 structure structure NN 21781 638 7 of of IN 21781 638 8 the the DT 21781 638 9 spleen spleen NN 21781 638 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 638 11 Figure figure NN 21781 638 12 1 1 CD 21781 638 13 , , , 21781 638 14 Sheet sheet NN 21781 638 15 1 1 CD 21781 638 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 638 17 . . . 21781 639 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 639 2 consists consist VBZ 21781 639 3 of of IN 21781 639 4 a a DT 21781 639 5 connective connective JJ 21781 639 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 639 7 and and CC 21781 639 8 muscular muscular JJ 21781 639 9 coating coating NN 21781 639 10 , , , 21781 639 11 with with IN 21781 639 12 an an DT 21781 639 13 internal internal JJ 21781 639 14 soft soft JJ 21781 639 15 matrix matrix NN 21781 639 16 much much JJ 21781 639 17 resembling resemble VBG 21781 639 18 botryoidal botryoidal JJ 21781 639 19 tissue tissue NN 21781 639 20 , , , 21781 639 21 traversed traverse VBN 21781 639 22 by by IN 21781 639 23 fibrous fibrous JJ 21781 639 24 trabeculne trabeculne NN 21781 639 25 (= (= NNP 21781 639 26 beams beam NNS 21781 639 27 , , , 21781 639 28 planks plank NNS 21781 639 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 639 30 containing contain VBG 21781 639 31 blood blood NN 21781 639 32 - - HYPH 21781 639 33 vessels vessel NNS 21781 639 34 , , , 21781 639 35 and and CC 21781 639 36 the the DT 21781 639 37 whole whole JJ 21781 639 38 organ organ NN 21781 639 39 is be VBZ 21781 639 40 gorged gorge VBN 21781 639 41 with with IN 21781 639 42 blood blood NN 21781 639 43 , , , 21781 639 44 particularly particularly RB 21781 639 45 after after IN 21781 639 46 meals meal NNS 21781 639 47 . . . 21781 640 1 The the DT 21781 640 2 consideration consideration NN 21781 640 3 of of IN 21781 640 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 640 5 function function NN 21781 640 6 the the DT 21781 640 7 student student NN 21781 640 8 may may MD 21781 640 9 conveniently conveniently RB 21781 640 10 defer defer VB 21781 640 11 for for IN 21781 640 12 the the DT 21781 640 13 present present NN 21781 640 14 . . . 21781 641 1 Section section NN 21781 641 2 74 74 CD 21781 641 3 . . . 21781 642 1 Here here RB 21781 642 2 also also RB 21781 642 3 , , , 21781 642 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 642 5 may may MD 21781 642 6 notice notice VB 21781 642 7 the the DT 21781 642 8 lymphatics lymphatic NNS 21781 642 9 , , , 21781 642 10 a a DT 21781 642 11 series series NN 21781 642 12 of of IN 21781 642 13 small small JJ 21781 642 14 vessels vessel NNS 21781 642 15 which which WDT 21781 642 16 return return VBP 21781 642 17 the the DT 21781 642 18 overflow overflow NN 21781 642 19 of of IN 21781 642 20 the the DT 21781 642 21 blood blood NN 21781 642 22 serum serum NN 21781 642 23 from from IN 21781 642 24 the the DT 21781 642 25 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 642 26 , , , 21781 642 27 in in IN 21781 642 28 the the DT 21781 642 29 nutrition nutrition NN 21781 642 30 of of IN 21781 642 31 the the DT 21781 642 32 tissues tissue NNS 21781 642 33 in in IN 21781 642 34 all all DT 21781 642 35 parts part NNS 21781 642 36 of of IN 21781 642 37 the the DT 21781 642 38 body body NN 21781 642 39 , , , 21781 642 40 to to IN 21781 642 41 the the DT 21781 642 42 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 642 43 duct duct NNP 21781 642 44 ( ( -LRB- 21781 642 45 see see VB 21781 642 46 Section section NN 21781 642 47 36 36 CD 21781 642 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 642 49 , , , 21781 642 50 and and CC 21781 642 51 the the DT 21781 642 52 general general JJ 21781 642 53 circulation circulation NN 21781 642 54 . . . 21781 643 1 At at IN 21781 643 2 intervals interval NNS 21781 643 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 643 4 course course NN 21781 643 5 is be VBZ 21781 643 6 interrupted interrupt VBN 21781 643 7 by by IN 21781 643 8 gland gland NN 21781 643 9 - - HYPH 21781 643 10 like like JJ 21781 643 11 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 643 12 , , , 21781 643 13 the the DT 21781 643 14 lymphatic lymphatic JJ 21781 643 15 glands gland NNS 21781 643 16 , , , 21781 643 17 in in IN 21781 643 18 which which WDT 21781 643 19 masses masse NNS 21781 643 20 of of IN 21781 643 21 rapidly rapidly RB 21781 643 22 dividing divide VBG 21781 643 23 and and CC 21781 643 24 growing grow VBG 21781 643 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 643 26 proliferating proliferate VBG 21781 643 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 643 28 cells cell NNS 21781 643 29 occur occur VBP 21781 643 30 , , , 21781 643 31 of of IN 21781 643 32 which which WDT 21781 643 33 , , , 21781 643 34 doubtless doubtless RB 21781 643 35 , , , 21781 643 36 many many JJ 21781 643 37 are be VBP 21781 643 38 detached detach VBN 21781 643 39 and and CC 21781 643 40 become become VBN 21781 643 41 , , , 21781 643 42 first first JJ 21781 643 43 " " `` 21781 643 44 lymph lymph NN 21781 643 45 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 643 46 , , , 21781 643 47 " " '' 21781 643 48 and and CC 21781 643 49 , , , 21781 643 50 when when WRB 21781 643 51 they -PRON- PRP 21781 643 52 reach reach VBP 21781 643 53 the the DT 21781 643 54 veins vein NNS 21781 643 55 , , , 21781 643 56 white white JJ 21781 643 57 blood blood NN 21781 643 58 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 643 59 . . . 21781 644 1 5 5 CD 21781 644 2 . . . 21781 645 1 _ _ NNP 21781 645 2 The the DT 21781 645 3 Skeleton Skeleton NNP 21781 645 4 _ _ NNP 21781 645 5 Section Section NNP 21781 645 6 75 75 CD 21781 645 7 . . . 21781 646 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 646 2 are be VBP 21781 646 3 now now RB 21781 646 4 in in IN 21781 646 5 a a DT 21781 646 6 position position NN 21781 646 7 to to TO 21781 646 8 study study VB 21781 646 9 the the DT 21781 646 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 646 11 's 's POS 21781 646 12 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 646 13 . . . 21781 647 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 647 2 strongly strongly RB 21781 647 3 recommend recommend VBP 21781 647 4 the the DT 21781 647 5 student student NN 21781 647 6 to to TO 21781 647 7 do do VB 21781 647 8 this this DT 21781 647 9 with with IN 21781 647 10 the the DT 21781 647 11 actual actual JJ 21781 647 12 bones bone NNS 21781 647 13 at at IN 21781 647 14 hand-- hand-- NNP 21781 647 15 they -PRON- PRP 21781 647 16 may may MD 21781 647 17 be be VB 21781 647 18 cleared clear VBN 21781 647 19 very very RB 21781 647 20 easily easily RB 21781 647 21 in in IN 21781 647 22 a a DT 21781 647 23 well well RB 21781 647 24 - - HYPH 21781 647 25 boiled boil VBN 21781 647 26 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 647 27 . . . 21781 648 1 This this DT 21781 648 2 recommendation recommendation NN 21781 648 3 may may MD 21781 648 4 appear appear VB 21781 648 5 superfluous superfluous JJ 21781 648 6 to to IN 21781 648 7 some some DT 21781 648 8 readers reader NNS 21781 648 9 , , , 21781 648 10 but but CC 21781 648 11 , , , 21781 648 12 as as IN 21781 648 13 a a DT 21781 648 14 matter matter NN 21781 648 15 of of IN 21781 648 16 fact fact NN 21781 648 17 , , , 21781 648 18 the the DT 21781 648 19 marked marked JJ 21781 648 20 proclivity proclivity NN 21781 648 21 of of IN 21781 648 22 the the DT 21781 648 23 average average JJ 21781 648 24 schoolmaster schoolmaster NN 21781 648 25 for for IN 21781 648 26 mere mere JJ 21781 648 27 book book NN 21781 648 28 - - HYPH 21781 648 29 work work NN 21781 648 30 has have VBZ 21781 648 31 put put VBN 21781 648 32 such such PDT 21781 648 33 a a DT 21781 648 34 stamp stamp NN 21781 648 35 on on IN 21781 648 36 study study NN 21781 648 37 , , , 21781 648 38 that that IN 21781 648 39 , , , 21781 648 40 in in IN 21781 648 41 nine nine CD 21781 648 42 cases case NNS 21781 648 43 out out IN 21781 648 44 of of IN 21781 648 45 ten ten CD 21781 648 46 , , , 21781 648 47 a a DT 21781 648 48 student student NN 21781 648 49 , , , 21781 648 50 unless unless IN 21781 648 51 he -PRON- PRP 21781 648 52 is be VBZ 21781 648 53 expressly expressly RB 21781 648 54 instructed instruct VBN 21781 648 55 to to IN 21781 648 56 the the DT 21781 648 57 contrary contrary NN 21781 648 58 , , , 21781 648 59 will will MD 21781 648 60 go go VB 21781 648 61 to to IN 21781 648 62 the the DT 21781 648 63 tortuous tortuous JJ 21781 648 64 , , , 21781 648 65 and and CC 21781 648 66 possibly possibly RB 21781 648 67 inexact inexact NN 21781 648 68 , , , 21781 648 69 descriptions description NNS 21781 648 70 of of IN 21781 648 71 a a DT 21781 648 72 book book NN 21781 648 73 for for IN 21781 648 74 a a DT 21781 648 75 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 648 76 of of IN 21781 648 77 things thing NNS 21781 648 78 that that WDT 21781 648 79 lie lie VBP 21781 648 80 at at IN 21781 648 81 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 648 82 very very RB 21781 648 83 finger finger NN 21781 648 84 - - HYPH 21781 648 85 tips tip NNS 21781 648 86 . . . 21781 649 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 649 2 have have VBP 21781 649 3 not not RB 21781 649 4 written write VBN 21781 649 5 , , , 21781 649 6 this this DT 21781 649 7 chapter chapter NN 21781 649 8 to to TO 21781 649 9 give give VB 21781 649 10 a a DT 21781 649 11 complete complete JJ 21781 649 12 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 649 13 of of IN 21781 649 14 the the DT 21781 649 15 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 649 16 , , , 21781 649 17 but but CC 21781 649 18 simply simply RB 21781 649 19 as as IN 21781 649 20 an an DT 21781 649 21 aid aid NN 21781 649 22 in in IN 21781 649 23 the the DT 21781 649 24 actual actual JJ 21781 649 25 examination examination NN 21781 649 26 of of IN 21781 649 27 the the DT 21781 649 28 bones bone NNS 21781 649 29 . . . 21781 650 1 Section section NN 21781 650 2 76 76 CD 21781 650 3 . . . 21781 651 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 651 2 may may MD 21781 651 3 take take VB 21781 651 4 the the DT 21781 651 5 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 651 6 under under IN 21781 651 7 five five CD 21781 651 8 headings heading NNS 21781 651 9 . . . 21781 652 1 There there EX 21781 652 2 is be VBZ 21781 652 3 the the DT 21781 652 4 central central JJ 21781 652 5 axis axis NN 21781 652 6 , , , 21781 652 7 the the DT 21781 652 8 chain chain NN 21781 652 9 of of IN 21781 652 10 little little JJ 21781 652 11 bones bone NNS 21781 652 12 , , , 21781 652 13 the the DT 21781 652 14 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 652 15 , , , 21781 652 16 threaded thread VBN 21781 652 17 on on IN 21781 652 18 the the DT 21781 652 19 spinal spinal JJ 21781 652 20 cord cord NN 21781 652 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 652 22 see see VB 21781 652 23 Figure Figure NNP 21781 652 24 1 1 CD 21781 652 25 and and CC 21781 652 26 Section section NN 21781 652 27 1 1 CD 21781 652 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 652 29 ; ; : 21781 652 30 the the DT 21781 652 31 thorax thorax NN 21781 652 32 , , , 21781 652 33 the the DT 21781 652 34 box box NN 21781 652 35 enclosed enclose VBN 21781 652 36 by by IN 21781 652 37 ribs rib NNS 21781 652 38 and and CC 21781 652 39 sternum sternum NNP 21781 652 40 ; ; : 21781 652 41 the the DT 21781 652 42 fore fore NN 21781 652 43 - - HYPH 21781 652 44 limb limb NN 21781 652 45 and and CC 21781 652 46 bones bone NNS 21781 652 47 connected connect VBN 21781 652 48 with with IN 21781 652 49 it -PRON- PRP 21781 652 50 ( ( -LRB- 21781 652 51 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 652 52 girdle girdle NN 21781 652 53 and and CC 21781 652 54 limb limb NNP 21781 652 55 ) ) -RRB- 21781 652 56 , , , 21781 652 57 and and CC 21781 652 58 the the DT 21781 652 59 hind hind NN 21781 652 60 - - HYPH 21781 652 61 limb limb NN 21781 652 62 and and CC 21781 652 63 bones bone NNS 21781 652 64 connected connect VBN 21781 652 65 with with IN 21781 652 66 it -PRON- PRP 21781 652 67 ( ( -LRB- 21781 652 68 pelvic pelvic NNP 21781 652 69 girdle girdle NNP 21781 652 70 ) ) -RRB- 21781 652 71 . . . 21781 653 1 Finally finally RB 21781 653 2 there there EX 21781 653 3 is be VBZ 21781 653 4 the the DT 21781 653 5 skull skull NN 21781 653 6 , , , 21781 653 7 but but CC 21781 653 8 following follow VBG 21781 653 9 the the DT 21781 653 10 London London NNP 21781 653 11 University University NNP 21781 653 12 syllabus syllabus NN 21781 653 13 , , , 21781 653 14 we -PRON- PRP 21781 653 15 shall shall MD 21781 653 16 substitute substitute VB 21781 653 17 the the DT 21781 653 18 skull skull NN 21781 653 19 of of IN 21781 653 20 the the DT 21781 653 21 dog dog NN 21781 653 22 for for IN 21781 653 23 of of IN 21781 653 24 that that DT 21781 653 25 of of IN 21781 653 26 the the DT 21781 653 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 653 28 , , , 21781 653 29 as as IN 21781 653 30 more more JJR 21781 653 31 typically typically RB 21781 653 32 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 653 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 653 34 Section section NN 21781 653 35 4 4 CD 21781 653 36 ) ) -RRB- 21781 653 37 . . . 21781 654 1 Section section NN 21781 654 2 77 77 CD 21781 654 3 . . . 21781 655 1 In in IN 21781 655 2 Section section NN 21781 655 3 3 3 CD 21781 655 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 655 5 which which WDT 21781 655 6 the the DT 21781 655 7 student student NN 21781 655 8 should should MD 21781 655 9 refer refer VB 21781 655 10 to to IN 21781 655 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 655 12 we -PRON- PRP 21781 655 13 have have VBP 21781 655 14 a a DT 21781 655 15 division division NN 21781 655 16 of of IN 21781 655 17 the the DT 21781 655 18 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 655 19 into into IN 21781 655 20 four four CD 21781 655 21 varieties variety NNS 21781 655 22 . . . 21781 656 1 Of of IN 21781 656 2 these these DT 21781 656 3 most most RBS 21781 656 4 representative representative NN 21781 656 5 is be VBZ 21781 656 6 the the DT 21781 656 7 thoracic thoracic NN 21781 656 8 . . . 21781 657 1 A a DT 21781 657 2 thoracic thoracic NN 21781 657 3 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 657 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 657 5 Figure figure NN 21781 657 6 4 4 CD 21781 657 7 , , , 21781 657 8 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 657 9 5 5 CD 21781 657 10 , , , 21781 657 11 T.V. T.V. NNP 21781 657 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 658 1 consists consist VBZ 21781 658 2 of of IN 21781 658 3 a a DT 21781 658 4 central central JJ 21781 658 5 bony bony NNP 21781 658 6 mass mass NN 21781 658 7 , , , 21781 658 8 the the DT 21781 658 9 body body NN 21781 658 10 or or CC 21781 658 11 centrum centrum NN 21781 658 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 658 13 b. b. NNP 21781 659 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 659 2 , , , 21781 659 3 from from IN 21781 659 4 which which WDT 21781 659 5 there there EX 21781 659 6 arises arise VBZ 21781 659 7 dorsally dorsally RB 21781 659 8 an an DT 21781 659 9 arch arch NN 21781 659 10 , , , 21781 659 11 the the DT 21781 659 12 neural neural JJ 21781 659 13 arch arch NN 21781 659 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 659 15 n.a n.a NNP 21781 659 16 . . . 21781 660 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 660 2 , , , 21781 660 3 completed complete VBN 21781 660 4 by by IN 21781 660 5 a a DT 21781 660 6 keystone keystone NNP 21781 660 7 , , , 21781 660 8 the the DT 21781 660 9 neural neural NNP 21781 660 10 spine spine NNP 21781 660 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 660 12 n.s n.s NNP 21781 660 13 . . . 21781 661 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 661 2 ; ; : 21781 661 3 and and CC 21781 661 4 coming come VBG 21781 661 5 off off RP 21781 661 6 laterally laterally RB 21781 661 7 from from IN 21781 661 8 the the DT 21781 661 9 arch arch NN 21781 661 10 is be VBZ 21781 661 11 the the DT 21781 661 12 transverse transverse JJ 21781 661 13 process process NN 21781 661 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 661 15 tr.p tr.p UH 21781 661 16 . . . 21781 661 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 661 18 . . . 21781 662 1 Looking look VBG 21781 662 2 at at IN 21781 662 3 the the DT 21781 662 4 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 662 5 sideways sideways RB 21781 662 6 , , , 21781 662 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 662 8 see see VBP 21781 662 9 that that IN 21781 662 10 the the DT 21781 662 11 arch arch NN 21781 662 12 is be VBZ 21781 662 13 notched notch VBN 21781 662 14 , , , 21781 662 15 for for IN 21781 662 16 the the DT 21781 662 17 exit exit NN 21781 662 18 of of IN 21781 662 19 nerves nerve NNS 21781 662 20 . . . 21781 663 1 Jointed joint VBN 21781 663 2 to to IN 21781 663 3 the the DT 21781 663 4 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 663 5 vertebrae vertebrae NNP 21781 663 6 on on IN 21781 663 7 either either DT 21781 663 8 side side NN 21781 663 9 are be VBP 21781 663 10 the the DT 21781 663 11 ribs rib NNS 21781 663 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 663 13 r. r. NNP 21781 663 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 663 15 . . . 21781 664 1 Each each DT 21781 664 2 rib rib NN 21781 664 3 has have VBZ 21781 664 4 a a DT 21781 664 5 process process NN 21781 664 6 , , , 21781 664 7 the the DT 21781 664 8 tuberculum tuberculum NN 21781 664 9 , , , 21781 664 10 going go VBG 21781 664 11 up up RP 21781 664 12 to to TO 21781 664 13 articulate articulate VB 21781 664 14 with with IN 21781 664 15 the the DT 21781 664 16 transverse transverse JJ 21781 664 17 process process NN 21781 664 18 , , , 21781 664 19 and and CC 21781 664 20 one one CD 21781 664 21 , , , 21781 664 22 the the DT 21781 664 23 capitulum capitulum NN 21781 664 24 articulating articulate VBG 21781 664 25 between between IN 21781 664 26 the the DT 21781 664 27 bodies body NNS 21781 664 28 of of IN 21781 664 29 two two CD 21781 664 30 contiguous contiguous JJ 21781 664 31 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 664 32 . . . 21781 665 1 The the DT 21781 665 2 facets facet NNS 21781 665 3 for for IN 21781 665 4 the the DT 21781 665 5 articulation articulation NN 21781 665 6 of of IN 21781 665 7 the the DT 21781 665 8 capitulum capitulum NN 21781 665 9 are be VBP 21781 665 10 indicated indicate VBN 21781 665 11 in in IN 21781 665 12 the the DT 21781 665 13 side side NN 21781 665 14 view view NN 21781 665 15 by by IN 21781 665 16 shading shade VBG 21781 665 17 . . . 21781 666 1 At at IN 21781 666 2 either either DT 21781 666 3 end end NN 21781 666 4 of of IN 21781 666 5 the the DT 21781 666 6 body body NN 21781 666 7 of of IN 21781 666 8 a a DT 21781 666 9 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 666 10 of of IN 21781 666 11 a a DT 21781 666 12 young young JJ 21781 666 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 666 14 are be VBP 21781 666 15 bony bony NN 21781 666 16 caps cap NNS 21781 666 17 , , , 21781 666 18 the the DT 21781 666 19 epiphyses epiphysis NNS 21781 666 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 666 21 ep ep NNP 21781 666 22 . . . 21781 667 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 667 2 , , , 21781 667 3 separated separate VBN 21781 667 4 from from IN 21781 667 5 the the DT 21781 667 6 body body NN 21781 667 7 by by IN 21781 667 8 a a DT 21781 667 9 plane plane NN 21781 667 10 of of IN 21781 667 11 unossified unossified JJ 21781 667 12 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 667 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 667 14 indicated indicate VBN 21781 667 15 , , , 21781 667 16 by by IN 21781 667 17 the the DT 21781 667 18 dots dot NNS 21781 667 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 667 20 . . . 21781 668 1 These these DT 21781 668 2 epiphyses epiphysis NNS 21781 668 3 to to IN 21781 668 4 the the DT 21781 668 5 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 668 6 bodies body NNS 21781 668 7 occur occur VBP 21781 668 8 only only RB 21781 668 9 among among IN 21781 668 10 mammals mammal NNS 21781 668 11 , , , 21781 668 12 and and CC 21781 668 13 are be VBP 21781 668 14 even even RB 21781 668 15 absent absent JJ 21781 668 16 in in IN 21781 668 17 some some DT 21781 668 18 cases case NNS 21781 668 19 within within IN 21781 668 20 the the DT 21781 668 21 class class NN 21781 668 22 . . . 21781 669 1 In in IN 21781 669 2 the the DT 21781 669 3 adult adult NN 21781 669 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 669 5 they -PRON- PRP 21781 669 6 have have VBP 21781 669 7 ossified ossify VBN 21781 669 8 continuously continuously RB 21781 669 9 with with IN 21781 669 10 the the DT 21781 669 11 rest rest NN 21781 669 12 of of IN 21781 669 13 the the DT 21781 669 14 body body NN 21781 669 15 . . . 21781 670 1 Section section NN 21781 670 2 78 78 CD 21781 670 3 . . . 21781 671 1 A a DT 21781 671 2 cervical cervical JJ 21781 671 3 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 671 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 671 5 C.V. C.V. NNP 21781 671 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 671 7 seems seem VBZ 21781 671 8 , , , 21781 671 9 upon upon IN 21781 671 10 cursory cursory JJ 21781 671 11 inspection inspection NN 21781 671 12 , , , 21781 671 13 to to TO 21781 671 14 have have VB 21781 671 15 no no DT 21781 671 16 rib rib NN 21781 671 17 . . . 21781 672 1 The the DT 21781 672 2 transverse transverse JJ 21781 672 3 processes process NNS 21781 672 4 differ differ VBP 21781 672 5 from from IN 21781 672 6 those those DT 21781 672 7 of of IN 21781 672 8 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 672 9 series series NNP 21781 672 10 in in IN 21781 672 11 having have VBG 21781 672 12 a a DT 21781 672 13 perforation perforation NN 21781 672 14 , , , 21781 672 15 the the DT 21781 672 16 vertebrarterial vertebrarterial JJ 21781 672 17 canal canal NN 21781 672 18 , , , 21781 672 19 through through IN 21781 672 20 which which WDT 21781 672 21 the the DT 21781 672 22 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 672 23 artery artery NN 21781 672 24 runs run VBZ 21781 672 25 up up RP 21781 672 26 the the DT 21781 672 27 neck neck NN 21781 672 28 . . . 21781 673 1 A a DT 21781 673 2 study study NN 21781 673 3 of of IN 21781 673 4 the the DT 21781 673 5 development development NN 21781 673 6 of of IN 21781 673 7 these these DT 21781 673 8 bones bone NNS 21781 673 9 shows show VBZ 21781 673 10 that that IN 21781 673 11 the the DT 21781 673 12 part part NN 21781 673 13 marked mark VBD 21781 673 14 f.r f.r NNP 21781 673 15 . . . 21781 674 1 ossifies ossifie NNS 21781 674 2 separately separately RB 21781 674 3 from from IN 21781 674 4 the the DT 21781 674 5 rest rest NN 21781 674 6 of of IN 21781 674 7 the the DT 21781 674 8 transverse transverse JJ 21781 674 9 process process NN 21781 674 10 ; ; : 21781 674 11 and and CC 21781 674 12 the the DT 21781 674 13 form form NN 21781 674 14 of of IN 21781 674 15 the the DT 21781 674 16 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 674 17 structures structure NNS 21781 674 18 in in IN 21781 674 19 certain certain JJ 21781 674 20 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 674 21 lower low JJR 21781 674 22 mammals mammal NNS 21781 674 23 and and CC 21781 674 24 in in IN 21781 674 25 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 674 26 leaves leave VBZ 21781 674 27 no no DT 21781 674 28 doubt doubt NN 21781 674 29 that that IN 21781 674 30 f.r f.r NNP 21781 674 31 . . . 21781 675 1 is be VBZ 21781 675 2 really really RB 21781 675 3 an an DT 21781 675 4 abbreviated abbreviate VBN 21781 675 5 rib rib NN 21781 675 6 ; ; , 21781 675 7 fused fuse VBN 21781 675 8 up up RP 21781 675 9 with with IN 21781 675 10 the the DT 21781 675 11 transverse transverse JJ 21781 675 12 process process NN 21781 675 13 and and CC 21781 675 14 body body NN 21781 675 15 . . . 21781 676 1 The the DT 21781 676 2 two two CD 21781 676 3 anterior anterior JJ 21781 676 4 cervical cervical JJ 21781 676 5 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 676 6 are be VBP 21781 676 7 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 676 8 . . . 21781 677 1 The the DT 21781 677 2 first first JJ 21781 677 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 677 4 at at IN 21781 677 5 . . . 21781 677 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 678 1 is be VBZ 21781 678 2 called call VBN 21781 678 3 the the DT 21781 678 4 Atlas-- Atlas-- NNP 21781 678 5 the the DT 21781 678 6 figure figure NN 21781 678 7 shows show VBZ 21781 678 8 the the DT 21781 678 9 anterior anterior NNP 21781 678 10 view-- view-- NN 21781 678 11 and and CC 21781 678 12 has have VBZ 21781 678 13 great great JJ 21781 678 14 articular articular JJ 21781 678 15 faces face NNS 21781 678 16 for for IN 21781 678 17 the the DT 21781 678 18 condyles condyle NNS 21781 678 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 678 20 Section section NN 21781 678 21 86 86 CD 21781 678 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 678 23 of of IN 21781 678 24 the the DT 21781 678 25 skull skull NN 21781 678 26 , , , 21781 678 27 and and CC 21781 678 28 a a DT 21781 678 29 deficient deficient JJ 21781 678 30 centrum centrum NN 21781 678 31 . . . 21781 679 1 The the DT 21781 679 2 next next JJ 21781 679 3 is be VBZ 21781 679 4 the the DT 21781 679 5 axis axis NN 21781 679 6 , , , 21781 679 7 and and CC 21781 679 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 679 9 is be VBZ 21781 679 10 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 679 11 by by IN 21781 679 12 an an DT 21781 679 13 odontoid odontoid JJ 21781 679 14 peg peg NNP 21781 679 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 679 16 od.p od.p NN 21781 679 17 . . . 21781 680 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 680 2 , , , 21781 680 3 which which WDT 21781 680 4 fits fit VBZ 21781 680 5 into into IN 21781 680 6 the the DT 21781 680 7 space space NN 21781 680 8 where where WRB 21781 680 9 the the DT 21781 680 10 body body NN 21781 680 11 of of IN 21781 680 12 the the DT 21781 680 13 atlas atla NNS 21781 680 14 is be VBZ 21781 680 15 deficient deficient JJ 21781 680 16 . . . 21781 681 1 In in IN 21781 681 2 development development NN 21781 681 3 the the DT 21781 681 4 centrum centrum NN 21781 681 5 of of IN 21781 681 6 the the DT 21781 681 7 axis axis NNP 21781 681 8 ossifies ossifie NNS 21781 681 9 from from IN 21781 681 10 one one CD 21781 681 11 centre centre NN 21781 681 12 , , , 21781 681 13 and and CC 21781 681 14 the the DT 21781 681 15 odontoid odontoid NN 21781 681 16 , , , 21781 681 17 peg peg NNP 21781 681 18 from from IN 21781 681 19 another another DT 21781 681 20 , , , 21781 681 21 which which WDT 21781 681 22 at at IN 21781 681 23 that that DT 21781 681 24 time time NN 21781 681 25 occupies occupy VBZ 21781 681 26 the the DT 21781 681 27 position position NN 21781 681 28 of of IN 21781 681 29 centrum centrum NN 21781 681 30 of of IN 21781 681 31 the the DT 21781 681 32 atlas atlas NNP 21781 681 33 . . . 21781 682 1 So so IN 21781 682 2 that that IN 21781 682 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 682 4 would would MD 21781 682 5 seem seem VB 21781 682 6 that that IN 21781 682 7 the the DT 21781 682 8 atlas atlas NNP 21781 682 9 is be VBZ 21781 682 10 a a DT 21781 682 11 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 682 12 minus minus IN 21781 682 13 a a DT 21781 682 14 centrum centrum NN 21781 682 15 , , , 21781 682 16 and and CC 21781 682 17 the the DT 21781 682 18 axis axi NNS 21781 682 19 is be VBZ 21781 682 20 a a DT 21781 682 21 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 682 22 plus plus IN 21781 682 23 a a DT 21781 682 24 centrum centrum NN 21781 682 25 , , , 21781 682 26 added add VBN 21781 682 27 at at IN 21781 682 28 the the DT 21781 682 29 expense expense NN 21781 682 30 of of IN 21781 682 31 the the DT 21781 682 32 atlas atla NNS 21781 682 33 . . . 21781 683 1 Section section NN 21781 683 2 79 79 CD 21781 683 3 . . . 21781 684 1 The the DT 21781 684 2 lumbar lumbar NNP 21781 684 3 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 684 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 684 5 l.v l.v NNP 21781 684 6 . . . 21781 684 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 685 1 are be VBP 21781 685 2 larger large JJR 21781 685 3 , , , 21781 685 4 and and CC 21781 685 5 have have VBP 21781 685 6 cleft cleave VBN 21781 685 7 transverse transverse JJ 21781 685 8 processes process NNS 21781 685 9 , , , 21781 685 10 each each DT 21781 685 11 giving give VBG 21781 685 12 rise rise NN 21781 685 13 to to IN 21781 685 14 an an DT 21781 685 15 ascending ascend VBG 21781 685 16 limb limb NN 21781 685 17 , , , 21781 685 18 the the DT 21781 685 19 metapophyses metapophyse NNS 21781 685 20 , , , 21781 685 21 and and CC 21781 685 22 a a DT 21781 685 23 descending descend VBG 21781 685 24 one one NN 21781 685 25 . . . 21781 686 1 The the DT 21781 686 2 latter latter JJ 21781 686 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 686 4 generally generally RB 21781 686 5 spoken speak VBN 21781 686 6 of of IN 21781 686 7 as as IN 21781 686 8 the the DT 21781 686 9 transverse transverse JJ 21781 686 10 processes process NNS 21781 686 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 686 12 point point VBP 21781 686 13 steeply steeply RB 21781 686 14 downward downward RB 21781 686 15 , , , 21781 686 16 and and CC 21781 686 17 are be VBP 21781 686 18 considerably considerably RB 21781 686 19 longer long JJR 21781 686 20 than than IN 21781 686 21 those those DT 21781 686 22 of of IN 21781 686 23 thoracic thoracic NNP 21781 686 24 series series NNP 21781 686 25 . . . 21781 687 1 The the DT 21781 687 2 sacral sacral JJ 21781 687 3 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 687 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 687 5 s.v s.v NNP 21781 687 6 . . . 21781 687 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 688 1 have have VBP 21781 688 2 great great JJ 21781 688 3 flattened flatten VBN 21781 688 4 transverse transverse JJ 21781 688 5 propcesses propcesse NNS 21781 688 6 for for IN 21781 688 7 articulation articulation NN 21781 688 8 with with IN 21781 688 9 the the DT 21781 688 10 ilia ilia NNP 21781 688 11 . . . 21781 689 1 The the DT 21781 689 2 caudal caudal JJ 21781 689 3 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 689 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 689 5 c.v c.v NNP 21781 689 6 . . NNP 21781 689 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 689 8 are be VBP 21781 689 9 gradually gradually RB 21781 689 10 reduced reduce VBN 21781 689 11 to to IN 21781 689 12 the the DT 21781 689 13 mere mere JJ 21781 689 14 elongated elongated JJ 21781 689 15 centra centra NNP 21781 689 16 , , , 21781 689 17 as as IN 21781 689 18 we -PRON- PRP 21781 689 19 proceed proceed VBP 21781 689 20 , , , 21781 689 21 towards towards IN 21781 689 22 the the DT 21781 689 23 tip tip NN 21781 689 24 of of IN 21781 689 25 the the DT 21781 689 26 tail tail NN 21781 689 27 . . . 21781 690 1 Section section NN 21781 690 2 80 80 CD 21781 690 3 . . . 21781 691 1 All all PDT 21781 691 2 the the DT 21781 691 3 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 691 4 join join VBP 21781 691 5 with with IN 21781 691 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 691 7 adjacent adjacent JJ 21781 691 8 fellows fellow NNS 21781 691 9 through through IN 21781 691 10 the the DT 21781 691 11 intermediation intermediation NN 21781 691 12 of of IN 21781 691 13 certain certain JJ 21781 691 14 intervertebral intervertebral JJ 21781 691 15 pads pad NNS 21781 691 16 , , , 21781 691 17 and and CC 21781 691 18 also also RB 21781 691 19 articulate articulate VB 21781 691 20 by by IN 21781 691 21 small small JJ 21781 691 22 processes process NNS 21781 691 23 at at IN 21781 691 24 either either DT 21781 691 25 end end NN 21781 691 26 at at IN 21781 691 27 the the DT 21781 691 28 upper upper JJ 21781 691 29 side side NN 21781 691 30 of of IN 21781 691 31 the the DT 21781 691 32 arch arch NN 21781 691 33 , , , 21781 691 34 the the DT 21781 691 35 zygapophyses zygapophyse NNS 21781 691 36 . . . 21781 692 1 The the DT 21781 692 2 normals normal NNS 21781 692 3 to to IN 21781 692 4 the the DT 21781 692 5 polished polished JJ 21781 692 6 facets facet NNS 21781 692 7 of of IN 21781 692 8 these these DT 21781 692 9 point point NN 21781 692 10 , , , 21781 692 11 in in IN 21781 692 12 the the DT 21781 692 13 case case NN 21781 692 14 of of IN 21781 692 15 the the DT 21781 692 16 anterior anterior NN 21781 692 17 zygapophyses zygapophyse NNS 21781 692 18 , , , 21781 692 19 up up RB 21781 692 20 and and CC 21781 692 21 in in IN 21781 692 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 692 23 mnemonic mnemonic NNP 21781 692 24 : : : 21781 692 25 ant ant NN 21781 692 26 - - HYPH 21781 692 27 up up NN 21781 692 28 - - HYPH 21781 692 29 in in NN 21781 692 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 692 31 , , , 21781 692 32 and and CC 21781 692 33 in in IN 21781 692 34 the the DT 21781 692 35 case case NN 21781 692 36 of of IN 21781 692 37 the the DT 21781 692 38 posterior posterior NN 21781 692 39 , , , 21781 692 40 down down RB 21781 692 41 and and CC 21781 692 42 out out RB 21781 692 43 . . . 21781 693 1 The the DT 21781 693 2 student student NN 21781 693 3 should should MD 21781 693 4 make make VB 21781 693 5 this this DT 21781 693 6 , , , 21781 693 7 and and CC 21781 693 8 the the DT 21781 693 9 other other JJ 21781 693 10 features feature NNS 21781 693 11 of of IN 21781 693 12 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 693 13 , , , 21781 693 14 out out RB 21781 693 15 upon upon IN 21781 693 16 actual actual JJ 21781 693 17 specimens specimen NNS 21781 693 18 . . . 21781 694 1 Section section NN 21781 694 2 81 81 CD 21781 694 3 . . . 21781 695 1 The the DT 21781 695 2 thorax thorax NN 21781 695 3 is be VBZ 21781 695 4 bounded bound VBN 21781 695 5 dorsally dorsally RB 21781 695 6 by by IN 21781 695 7 the the DT 21781 695 8 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 695 9 column column NN 21781 695 10 , , , 21781 695 11 and and CC 21781 695 12 ventrally ventrally RB 21781 695 13 by by IN 21781 695 14 the the DT 21781 695 15 sternum sternum NN 21781 695 16 . . . 21781 696 1 The the DT 21781 696 2 sternum sternum NN 21781 696 3 consists consist VBZ 21781 696 4 of of IN 21781 696 5 segments segment NNS 21781 696 6 , , , 21781 696 7 the the DT 21781 696 8 sternebrae sternebrae NNP 21781 696 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 696 10 st st NNP 21781 696 11 . . NNP 21781 696 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 696 13 ; ; : 21781 696 14 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 696 15 there there EX 21781 696 16 is be VBZ 21781 696 17 a a DT 21781 696 18 bony bony NN 21781 696 19 manubrium manubrium NN 21781 696 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 696 21 mb mb NN 21781 696 22 . . . 21781 697 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 697 2 , , , 21781 697 3 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 697 4 a a DT 21781 697 5 thin thin JJ 21781 697 6 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 697 7 plate plate NN 21781 697 8 , , , 21781 697 9 the the DT 21781 697 10 xiphisternum xiphisternum NNP 21781 697 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 697 12 xi xi NNP 21781 697 13 . . . 21781 697 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 697 15 . . . 21781 698 1 Seven seven CD 21781 698 2 pairs pair NNS 21781 698 3 of of IN 21781 698 4 ribs rib NNS 21781 698 5 articulate articulate NN 21781 698 6 by by IN 21781 698 7 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 698 8 ends end NNS 21781 698 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 698 10 sternal sternal JJ 21781 698 11 ribs rib NNS 21781 698 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 698 13 with with IN 21781 698 14 the the DT 21781 698 15 sternum sternum NN 21781 698 16 directly directly RB 21781 698 17 , , , 21781 698 18 as as IN 21781 698 19 indicated indicate VBN 21781 698 20 in in IN 21781 698 21 the the DT 21781 698 22 figure figure NN 21781 698 23 ; ; : 21781 698 24 five five CD 21781 698 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 698 26 false false JJ 21781 698 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 698 28 ribs rib NNS 21781 698 29 are be VBP 21781 698 30 joined join VBN 21781 698 31 , , , 21781 698 32 to to IN 21781 698 33 each each DT 21781 698 34 other other JJ 21781 698 35 and and CC 21781 698 36 to to IN 21781 698 37 the the DT 21781 698 38 seventh seventh JJ 21781 698 39 , , , 21781 698 40 and and CC 21781 698 41 not not RB 21781 698 42 to to IN 21781 698 43 the the DT 21781 698 44 sternum sternum NN 21781 698 45 directly directly RB 21781 698 46 . . . 21781 699 1 The the DT 21781 699 2 last last JJ 21781 699 3 four four CD 21781 699 4 ribs rib NNS 21781 699 5 have have VBP 21781 699 6 no no DT 21781 699 7 tuberculum tuberculum NN 21781 699 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 699 9 Section section NN 21781 699 10 77 77 CD 21781 699 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 699 12 . . . 21781 700 1 Section section NN 21781 700 2 82 82 CD 21781 700 3 . . . 21781 701 1 The the DT 21781 701 2 fore fore NN 21781 701 3 - - HYPH 21781 701 4 limb limb NN 21781 701 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 701 6 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 701 7 limb limb NN 21781 701 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 701 9 consists consist VBZ 21781 701 10 of of IN 21781 701 11 an an DT 21781 701 12 upper upper JJ 21781 701 13 arm arm NN 21781 701 14 bone bone NN 21781 701 15 , , , 21781 701 16 the the DT 21781 701 17 humerus humerus NNP 21781 701 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 701 19 hum hum UH 21781 701 20 . . . 21781 701 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 702 1 the the DT 21781 702 2 distal distal JJ 21781 702 3 end end NN 21781 702 4 of of IN 21781 702 5 which which WDT 21781 702 6 is be VBZ 21781 702 7 deeply deeply RB 21781 702 8 excavated excavate VBN 21781 702 9 by by IN 21781 702 10 the the DT 21781 702 11 olecranon olecranon NNP 21781 702 12 fossa fossa NNP 21781 702 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 702 14 o.f o.f NNP 21781 702 15 . . . 21781 702 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 703 1 as as IN 21781 703 2 indicated indicate VBN 21781 703 3 by by IN 21781 703 4 the the DT 21781 703 5 dotted dotted JJ 21781 703 6 lines line NNS 21781 703 7 ; ; : 21781 703 8 of of IN 21781 703 9 two two CD 21781 703 10 bones bone NNS 21781 703 11 , , , 21781 703 12 the the DT 21781 703 13 ulna ulna NNP 21781 703 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 703 15 u. u. NN 21781 703 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 704 1 and and CC 21781 704 2 radius radius NNP 21781 704 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 704 4 r. r. NNP 21781 704 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 704 6 which which WDT 21781 704 7 are be VBP 21781 704 8 firmly firmly RB 21781 704 9 bound bind VBN 21781 704 10 by by IN 21781 704 11 ligament ligament NN 21781 704 12 in in IN 21781 704 13 the the DT 21781 704 14 position position NN 21781 704 15 of of IN 21781 704 16 the the DT 21781 704 17 figure figure NN 21781 704 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 704 19 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 704 20 , , , 21781 704 21 with with IN 21781 704 22 the the DT 21781 704 23 palm palm NN 21781 704 24 of of IN 21781 704 25 the the DT 21781 704 26 hand hand NN 21781 704 27 downward downward RB 21781 704 28 , , , 21781 704 29 " " `` 21781 704 30 prone prone JJ 21781 704 31 " " '' 21781 704 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 704 33 ; ; , 21781 704 34 of of IN 21781 704 35 a a DT 21781 704 36 number number NN 21781 704 37 of of IN 21781 704 38 small small JJ 21781 704 39 bones bone NNS 21781 704 40 ( ( -LRB- 21781 704 41 carpalia carpalia NNP 21781 704 42 ) ) -RRB- 21781 704 43 , , , 21781 704 44 the the DT 21781 704 45 carpus carpus NNP 21781 704 46 ( ( -LRB- 21781 704 47 c. c. NNP 21781 704 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 704 49 ; ; , 21781 704 50 of of IN 21781 704 51 a a DT 21781 704 52 series series NN 21781 704 53 of of IN 21781 704 54 metacarpals metacarpal NNS 21781 704 55 ( ( -LRB- 21781 704 56 mc mc NNP 21781 704 57 . . . 21781 705 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 705 2 ; ; : 21781 705 3 and and CC 21781 705 4 of of IN 21781 705 5 three three CD 21781 705 6 digits digit NNS 21781 705 7 (= (= NNP 21781 705 8 fingers finger NNS 21781 705 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 705 10 each each DT 21781 705 11 , , , 21781 705 12 except except IN 21781 705 13 the the DT 21781 705 14 first first JJ 21781 705 15 , , , 21781 705 16 or or CC 21781 705 17 pollex pollex NN 21781 705 18 , , , 21781 705 19 of of IN 21781 705 20 three three CD 21781 705 21 small small JJ 21781 705 22 bones-- bones-- NNP 21781 705 23 the the DT 21781 705 24 phalanges phalanx NNS 21781 705 25 , , , 21781 705 26 only only RB 21781 705 27 the the DT 21781 705 28 proximal proximal JJ 21781 705 29 of of IN 21781 705 30 which which WDT 21781 705 31 appear appear VBP 21781 705 32 in in IN 21781 705 33 the the DT 21781 705 34 figure figure NN 21781 705 35 . . . 21781 706 1 The the DT 21781 706 2 ulna ulna NN 21781 706 3 has have VBZ 21781 706 4 a a DT 21781 706 5 hook hook NN 21781 706 6 - - HYPH 21781 706 7 like like JJ 21781 706 8 head head NN 21781 706 9 , , , 21781 706 10 the the DT 21781 706 11 olecranon olecranon NNP 21781 706 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 706 13 o. o. NN 21781 706 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 707 1 which which WDT 21781 707 2 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 21781 707 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 707 4 easily easily RB 21781 707 5 from from IN 21781 707 6 the the DT 21781 707 7 distally distally RB 21781 707 8 thickened thicken VBN 21781 707 9 radius radius NN 21781 707 10 . . . 21781 708 1 The the DT 21781 708 2 limb limb NN 21781 708 3 is be VBZ 21781 708 4 attached attach VBN 21781 708 5 to to IN 21781 708 6 the the DT 21781 708 7 body body NN 21781 708 8 through through IN 21781 708 9 the the DT 21781 708 10 intermediation intermediation NN 21781 708 11 of of IN 21781 708 12 the the DT 21781 708 13 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 708 14 - - HYPH 21781 708 15 blade blade NN 21781 708 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 708 17 scapula scapula JJ 21781 708 18 , , , 21781 708 19 sc sc JJ 21781 708 20 . . . 21781 708 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 709 1 a a DT 21781 709 2 flattened flattened JJ 21781 709 3 bone bone NN 21781 709 4 with with IN 21781 709 5 a a DT 21781 709 6 median median JJ 21781 709 7 external external JJ 21781 709 8 ridge ridge NN 21781 709 9 with with IN 21781 709 10 a a DT 21781 709 11 hook hook NN 21781 709 12 - - HYPH 21781 709 13 like like JJ 21781 709 14 termination termination NN 21781 709 15 , , , 21781 709 16 the the DT 21781 709 17 acromion acromion NN 21781 709 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 709 19 acr acr NNP 21781 709 20 . . . 21781 709 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 709 22 . . . 21781 710 1 There there EX 21781 710 2 is be VBZ 21781 710 3 also also RB 21781 710 4 a a DT 21781 710 5 process process NN 21781 710 6 overhanging overhang VBG 21781 710 7 the the DT 21781 710 8 glenoid glenoid NNP 21781 710 9 cavity cavity NNP 21781 710 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 710 11 g. g. NNP 21781 710 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 710 13 wherein wherein WRB 21781 710 14 the the DT 21781 710 15 humerus humerus JJ 21781 710 16 articulates articulate NNS 21781 710 17 , , , 21781 710 18 which which WDT 21781 710 19 process process NN 21781 710 20 is be VBZ 21781 710 21 called call VBN 21781 710 22 coracoid coracoid NNP 21781 710 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 710 24 co. co. NNP 21781 710 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 710 26 ; ; : 21781 710 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 710 28 is be VBZ 21781 710 29 ossified ossify VBN 21781 710 30 from from IN 21781 710 31 two two CD 21781 710 32 separate separate JJ 21781 710 33 centres centre NNS 21781 710 34 , , , 21781 710 35 and and CC 21781 710 36 represents represent VBZ 21781 710 37 a a DT 21781 710 38 very very RB 21781 710 39 considerable considerable JJ 21781 710 40 bone bone NN 21781 710 41 in in IN 21781 710 42 the the DT 21781 710 43 bird bird NN 21781 710 44 , , , 21781 710 45 reptile reptile NN 21781 710 46 , , , 21781 710 47 and and CC 21781 710 48 frog frog NN 21781 710 49 . . . 21781 711 1 Along along IN 21781 711 2 the the DT 21781 711 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 711 4 edge edge NN 21781 711 5 of of IN 21781 711 6 the the DT 21781 711 7 scapula scapula NN 21781 711 8 of of IN 21781 711 9 the the DT 21781 711 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 711 11 is be VBZ 21781 711 12 unossified unossified JJ 21781 711 13 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 711 14 , , , 21781 711 15 which which WDT 21781 711 16 is be VBZ 21781 711 17 called call VBN 21781 711 18 the the DT 21781 711 19 supra supra NNP 21781 711 20 - - HYPH 21781 711 21 scapula scapula NNP 21781 711 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 711 23 s.sc s.sc NN 21781 711 24 . . . 21781 711 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 711 26 . . . 21781 712 1 In in IN 21781 712 2 man man NN 21781 712 3 there there RB 21781 712 4 runs run VBZ 21781 712 5 from from IN 21781 712 6 the the DT 21781 712 7 acromion acromion NN 21781 712 8 to to IN 21781 712 9 the the DT 21781 712 10 manubrium manubrium NN 21781 712 11 of of IN 21781 712 12 the the DT 21781 712 13 sternum sternum FW 21781 712 14 a a DT 21781 712 15 bone bone NN 21781 712 16 , , , 21781 712 17 the the DT 21781 712 18 collar collar NN 21781 712 19 - - HYPH 21781 712 20 bone bone NN 21781 712 21 or or CC 21781 712 22 clavicle clavicle NN 21781 712 23 . . . 21781 713 1 This this DT 21781 713 2 is be VBZ 21781 713 3 represented represent VBN 21781 713 4 by by IN 21781 713 5 a a DT 21781 713 6 very very RB 21781 713 7 imperfectly imperfectly RB 21781 713 8 ossified ossify VBN 21781 713 9 rudiment rudiment NN 21781 713 10 in in IN 21781 713 11 the the DT 21781 713 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 713 13 . . . 21781 714 1 The the DT 21781 714 2 scapula scapula NN 21781 714 3 and and CC 21781 714 4 clavicle clavicle NNP 21781 714 5 , , , 21781 714 6 the the DT 21781 714 7 bones bone NNS 21781 714 8 of of IN 21781 714 9 the the DT 21781 714 10 body body NN 21781 714 11 connected connect VBN 21781 714 12 with with IN 21781 714 13 the the DT 21781 714 14 fore fore NN 21781 714 15 - - HYPH 21781 714 16 limb limb NN 21781 714 17 , , , 21781 714 18 are be VBP 21781 714 19 frequently frequently RB 21781 714 20 styled style VBN 21781 714 21 the the DT 21781 714 22 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 714 23 girdle girdle NN 21781 714 24 , , , 21781 714 25 or or CC 21781 714 26 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 714 27 - - HYPH 21781 714 28 girdle girdle NN 21781 714 29 ; ; : 21781 714 30 this this DT 21781 714 31 name name NN 21781 714 32 of of IN 21781 714 33 girdle girdle NN 21781 714 34 will will MD 21781 714 35 appear appear VB 21781 714 36 less less JJR 21781 714 37 of of IN 21781 714 38 a a DT 21781 714 39 misnomer misnomer NN 21781 714 40 when when WRB 21781 714 41 lower low JJR 21781 714 42 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 714 43 types type NNS 21781 714 44 are be VBP 21781 714 45 studied study VBN 21781 714 46 . . . 21781 715 1 Section section NN 21781 715 2 83 83 CD 21781 715 3 . . . 21781 716 1 The the DT 21781 716 2 hind hind NN 21781 716 3 limb limb NN 21781 716 4 and and CC 21781 716 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 716 6 body body NN 21781 716 7 bones-- bones-- JJ 21781 716 8 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 716 9 limb limb NN 21781 716 10 and and CC 21781 716 11 girdle-- girdle-- NNP 21781 716 12 are be VBP 21781 716 13 shown show VBN 21781 716 14 in in IN 21781 716 15 Figure Figure NNP 21781 716 16 2 2 CD 21781 716 17 . . . 21781 717 1 The the DT 21781 717 2 limb limb NN 21781 717 3 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 717 4 corresponds correspond VBZ 21781 717 5 closely closely RB 21781 717 6 with with IN 21781 717 7 that that DT 21781 717 8 of of IN 21781 717 9 the the DT 21781 717 10 fore fore NN 21781 717 11 - - HYPH 21781 717 12 limb limb NN 21781 717 13 . . . 21781 718 1 The the DT 21781 718 2 femur femur NN 21781 718 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 718 4 fe fe NNP 21781 718 5 . . . 21781 718 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 719 1 answers answer NNS 21781 719 2 to to IN 21781 719 3 the the DT 21781 719 4 humerus humerus NNP 21781 719 5 , , , 21781 719 6 and and CC 21781 719 7 is be VBZ 21781 719 8 to to TO 21781 719 9 be be VB 21781 719 10 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 719 11 from from IN 21781 719 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 719 13 by by IN 21781 719 14 the the DT 21781 719 15 greater great JJR 21781 719 16 distinctness distinctness NN 21781 719 17 of of IN 21781 719 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 719 19 proximal proximal JJ 21781 719 20 head head NN 21781 719 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 719 22 hd hd UH 21781 719 23 . . . 21781 719 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 720 1 and and CC 21781 720 2 by by IN 21781 720 3 the the DT 21781 720 4 absence absence NN 21781 720 5 of of IN 21781 720 6 an an DT 21781 720 7 olecranon olecranon NN 21781 720 8 fossa fossa JJ 21781 720 9 from from IN 21781 720 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 720 11 distal distal JJ 21781 720 12 end end NN 21781 720 13 . . . 21781 721 1 The the DT 21781 721 2 tibia tibia NN 21781 721 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 721 4 ti ti NNP 21781 721 5 = = SYM 21781 721 6 the the DT 21781 721 7 radius radius NN 21781 721 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 721 9 is be VBZ 21781 721 10 fused fuse VBN 21781 721 11 for for IN 21781 721 12 the the DT 21781 721 13 distal distal JJ 21781 721 14 half half NN 21781 721 15 of of IN 21781 721 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 721 17 length length NN 21781 721 18 with with IN 21781 721 19 the the DT 21781 721 20 fibula fibula NN 21781 721 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 721 22 fb fb UH 21781 721 23 . . . 21781 722 1 = = SYM 21781 722 2 ulna ulna NNP 21781 722 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 722 4 . . . 21781 723 1 A a DT 21781 723 2 tarsus tarsus NNP 21781 723 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 723 4 tarsalia tarsalia NNP 21781 723 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 723 6 equals equal VBZ 21781 723 7 the the DT 21781 723 8 carpus carpus NNP 21781 723 9 . . . 21781 724 1 * * NFP 21781 724 2 Two two CD 21781 724 3 of of IN 21781 724 4 the the DT 21781 724 5 proximal proximal JJ 21781 724 6 tarsalia tarsalia NN 21781 724 7 may may MD 21781 724 8 be be VB 21781 724 9 noted note VBN 21781 724 10 : : : 21781 724 11 one one CD 21781 724 12 working work VBG 21781 724 13 like like IN 21781 724 14 a a DT 21781 724 15 pulley pulley NN 21781 724 16 under under IN 21781 724 17 the the DT 21781 724 18 tibia tibia NNP 21781 724 19 , , , 21781 724 20 is be VBZ 21781 724 21 the the DT 21781 724 22 astragalus astragalus NN 21781 724 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 724 24 as as IN 21781 724 25 . . . 21781 725 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 725 2 ; ; : 21781 725 3 one one CD 21781 725 4 forming form VBG 21781 725 5 the the DT 21781 725 6 bony bony NN 21781 725 7 support support NN 21781 725 8 of of IN 21781 725 9 the the DT 21781 725 10 heel heel NN 21781 725 11 , , , 21781 725 12 is be VBZ 21781 725 13 the the DT 21781 725 14 calcaneum calcaneum NN 21781 725 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 725 16 ca ca NN 21781 725 17 . . . 21781 725 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 725 19 . . . 21781 726 1 There there EX 21781 726 2 is be VBZ 21781 726 3 a a DT 21781 726 4 series series NN 21781 726 5 of of IN 21781 726 6 metatarsals metatarsal NNS 21781 726 7 , , , 21781 726 8 and and CC 21781 726 9 then then RB 21781 726 10 come come VB 21781 726 11 four four CD 21781 726 12 digits digit NNS 21781 726 13 of of IN 21781 726 14 three three CD 21781 726 15 phalanges phalanx NNS 21781 726 16 each each DT 21781 726 17 . . . 21781 727 1 * * NFP 21781 727 2 Such such PDT 21781 727 3 a a DT 21781 727 4 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 727 5 as as IN 21781 727 6 exists exist VBZ 21781 727 7 between between IN 21781 727 8 one one CD 21781 727 9 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 727 10 and and CC 21781 727 11 another another DT 21781 727 12 in in IN 21781 727 13 the the DT 21781 727 14 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 727 15 , , , 21781 727 16 or or CC 21781 727 17 between between IN 21781 727 18 the the DT 21781 727 19 humerus humerus NNP 21781 727 20 and and CC 21781 727 21 the the DT 21781 727 22 femur femur NN 21781 727 23 , , , 21781 727 24 is be VBZ 21781 727 25 called call VBN 21781 727 26 serial serial JJ 21781 727 27 homology homology NN 21781 727 28 ; ; : 21781 727 29 the the DT 21781 727 30 two two CD 21781 727 31 things thing NNS 21781 727 32 correspond correspond VBP 21781 727 33 with with IN 21781 727 34 each each DT 21781 727 35 other other JJ 21781 727 36 to to IN 21781 727 37 the the DT 21781 727 38 extent extent NN 21781 727 39 of of IN 21781 727 40 imperfect imperfect JJ 21781 727 41 reduplication reduplication NN 21781 727 42 . . . 21781 728 1 " " `` 21781 728 2 Homology homology NN 21781 728 3 " " '' 21781 728 4 simply simply RB 21781 728 5 is be VBZ 21781 728 6 commonly commonly RB 21781 728 7 used use VBN 21781 728 8 to to TO 21781 728 9 indicate indicate VB 21781 728 10 the the DT 21781 728 11 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 728 12 between between IN 21781 728 13 any any DT 21781 728 14 two two CD 21781 728 15 structures structure NNS 21781 728 16 in in IN 21781 728 17 different different JJ 21781 728 18 animals animal NNS 21781 728 19 , , , 21781 728 20 in in IN 21781 728 21 origin origin NN 21781 728 22 and and CC 21781 728 23 position position NN 21781 728 24 as as IN 21781 728 25 regards regard VBZ 21781 728 26 other other JJ 21781 728 27 parts part NNS 21781 728 28 . . . 21781 729 1 Thus thus RB 21781 729 2 the the DT 21781 729 3 heart heart NN 21781 729 4 of of IN 21781 729 5 the the DT 21781 729 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 729 7 and and CC 21781 729 8 of of IN 21781 729 9 the the DT 21781 729 10 frog frog NN 21781 729 11 are be VBP 21781 729 12 homologous homologous JJ 21781 729 13 structures structure NNS 21781 729 14 , , , 21781 729 15 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 729 16 in in IN 21781 729 17 position position NN 21781 729 18 , , , 21781 729 19 and and CC 21781 729 20 resembling resemble VBG 21781 729 21 each each DT 21781 729 22 other other JJ 21781 729 23 much much RB 21781 729 24 as as IN 21781 729 25 two two CD 21781 729 26 memory memory NN 21781 729 27 sketches sketch NNS 21781 729 28 of of IN 21781 729 29 one one CD 21781 729 30 picture picture NN 21781 729 31 might may MD 21781 729 32 do do VB 21781 729 33 . . . 21781 730 1 Section section NN 21781 730 2 84 84 CD 21781 730 3 . . . 21781 731 1 The the DT 21781 731 2 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 731 3 girdle girdle VBP 21781 731 4 differs differ NNS 21781 731 5 from from IN 21781 731 6 the the DT 21781 731 7 pectoral pectoral NN 21781 731 8 in in IN 21781 731 9 most most JJS 21781 731 10 land land NN 21781 731 11 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 731 12 in in IN 21781 731 13 being be VBG 21781 731 14 articulated articulate VBN 21781 731 15 with with IN 21781 731 16 the the DT 21781 731 17 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 731 18 column column NN 21781 731 19 . . . 21781 732 1 This this DT 21781 732 2 difference difference NN 21781 732 3 does do VBZ 21781 732 4 not not RB 21781 732 5 exist exist VB 21781 732 6 in in IN 21781 732 7 fishes fish NNS 21781 732 8 . . . 21781 733 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 733 2 consist consist VBP 21781 733 3 in in IN 21781 733 4 the the DT 21781 733 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 733 6 of of IN 21781 733 7 four four CD 21781 733 8 bones bone NNS 21781 733 9 ; ; : 21781 733 10 the the DT 21781 733 11 ilium ilium NNP 21781 733 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 733 13 i. i. NNP 21781 734 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 734 2 , , , 21781 734 3 the the DT 21781 734 4 ischium ischium NN 21781 734 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 734 6 is be VBZ 21781 734 7 . . . 21781 735 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 735 2 , , , 21781 735 3 the the DT 21781 735 4 pubis pubis NNP 21781 735 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 735 6 pb pb NNP 21781 735 7 . . . 21781 736 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 736 2 , , , 21781 736 3 and and CC 21781 736 4 the the DT 21781 736 5 small small JJ 21781 736 6 cotyloid cotyloid NN 21781 736 7 bone-- bone-- NNP 21781 736 8 the the DT 21781 736 9 first first JJ 21781 736 10 two two CD 21781 736 11 and and CC 21781 736 12 the the DT 21781 736 13 latter latter JJ 21781 736 14 one one CD 21781 736 15 meeting meeting NN 21781 736 16 in in IN 21781 736 17 the the DT 21781 736 18 acetabular acetabular NNP 21781 736 19 fossa fossa NN 21781 736 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 736 21 ac ac RB 21781 736 22 . . . 21781 736 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 737 1 in in IN 21781 737 2 which which WDT 21781 737 3 the the DT 21781 737 4 head head NN 21781 737 5 of of IN 21781 737 6 the the DT 21781 737 7 femur femur NN 21781 737 8 works work VBZ 21781 737 9 . . . 21781 738 1 The the DT 21781 738 2 pubes pubis NNS 21781 738 3 and and CC 21781 738 4 ischia ischia NN 21781 738 5 are be VBP 21781 738 6 fused fuse VBN 21781 738 7 along along IN 21781 738 8 the the DT 21781 738 9 mid mid JJ 21781 738 10 - - JJ 21781 738 11 ventral ventral JJ 21781 738 12 line line NN 21781 738 13 . . . 21781 739 1 Many many JJ 21781 739 2 morphologists morphologist NNS 21781 739 3 regard regard VBP 21781 739 4 , , , 21781 739 5 the the DT 21781 739 6 ilium ilium NN 21781 739 7 as as IN 21781 739 8 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 739 9 to to IN 21781 739 10 , , , 21781 739 11 that that RB 21781 739 12 is is RB 21781 739 13 , , , 21781 739 14 strictly strictly RB 21781 739 15 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 739 16 in in IN 21781 739 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 739 18 relation relation NN 21781 739 19 , , , 21781 739 20 to to IN 21781 739 21 the the DT 21781 739 22 scapula scapula NN 21781 739 23 , , , 21781 739 24 the the DT 21781 739 25 pubis pubis JJ 21781 739 26 to to IN 21781 739 27 the the DT 21781 739 28 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 739 29 substratum substratum NN 21781 739 30 of of IN 21781 739 31 the the DT 21781 739 32 clavicle clavicle NN 21781 739 33 , , , 21781 739 34 and and CC 21781 739 35 the the DT 21781 739 36 ischium ischium NN 21781 739 37 to to IN 21781 739 38 the the DT 21781 739 39 coracoid coracoid NN 21781 739 40 . . . 21781 740 1 Section section NN 21781 740 2 85 85 CD 21781 740 3 . . . 21781 741 1 These these DT 21781 741 2 bones bone NNS 21781 741 3 will will MD 21781 741 4 be be VB 21781 741 5 studied study VBN 21781 741 6 at at IN 21781 741 7 the the DT 21781 741 8 greatest great JJS 21781 741 9 advantage advantage NN 21781 741 10 when when WRB 21781 741 11 dissected dissect VBD 21781 741 12 out out RP 21781 741 13 from from IN 21781 741 14 a a DT 21781 741 15 boiled boil VBN 21781 741 16 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 741 17 . . . 21781 742 1 Prepared prepared JJ 21781 742 2 and and CC 21781 742 3 wired wired JJ 21781 742 4 skeletons skeleton NNS 21781 742 5 , , , 21781 742 6 disarticulated disarticulate VBN 21781 742 7 skeletons skeleton NNS 21781 742 8 , , , 21781 742 9 plates plate NNS 21781 742 10 of of IN 21781 742 11 figures figure NNS 21781 742 12 , , , 21781 742 13 and and CC 21781 742 14 written write VBN 21781 742 15 descriptions description NNS 21781 742 16 are be VBP 21781 742 17 in in IN 21781 742 18 succession succession NN 21781 742 19 more more RBR 21781 742 20 tedious tedious JJ 21781 742 21 and and CC 21781 742 22 less less RBR 21781 742 23 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 21781 742 24 ways way NNS 21781 742 25 to to IN 21781 742 26 a a DT 21781 742 27 real real JJ 21781 742 28 comprehension comprehension NN 21781 742 29 , , , 21781 742 30 of of IN 21781 742 31 this this DT 21781 742 32 matter matter NN 21781 742 33 . . . 21781 743 1 This this DT 21781 743 2 chapter chapter NN 21781 743 3 directs direct VBZ 21781 743 4 the the DT 21781 743 5 student student NN 21781 743 6 's 's POS 21781 743 7 attention attention NN 21781 743 8 to to IN 21781 743 9 the the DT 21781 743 10 most most RBS 21781 743 11 important important JJ 21781 743 12 points point NNS 21781 743 13 in in IN 21781 743 14 the the DT 21781 743 15 study study NN 21781 743 16 of of IN 21781 743 17 the the DT 21781 743 18 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 743 19 , , , 21781 743 20 but but CC 21781 743 21 it -PRON- PRP 21781 743 22 is be VBZ 21781 743 23 in in IN 21781 743 24 no no DT 21781 743 25 way way NN 21781 743 26 intended intend VBN 21781 743 27 to to TO 21781 743 28 mitigate mitigate VB 21781 743 29 the the DT 21781 743 30 necessity necessity NN 21781 743 31 of of IN 21781 743 32 practical practical JJ 21781 743 33 work work NN 21781 743 34 . . . 21781 744 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 744 2 is be VBZ 21781 744 3 a a DT 21781 744 4 guide guide NN 21781 744 5 simply simply RB 21781 744 6 . . . 21781 745 1 Section section NN 21781 745 2 86 86 CD 21781 745 3 . . . 21781 746 1 The the DT 21781 746 2 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 746 3 skull skull NN 21781 746 4 will will MD 21781 746 5 be be VB 21781 746 6 better well RBR 21781 746 7 understood understand VBN 21781 746 8 after after IN 21781 746 9 the the DT 21781 746 10 study study NN 21781 746 11 of of IN 21781 746 12 that that DT 21781 746 13 of of IN 21781 746 14 some some DT 21781 746 15 lower low JJR 21781 746 16 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 746 17 . . . 21781 747 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 747 2 shall shall MD 21781 747 3 describe describe VB 21781 747 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 747 5 main main JJ 21781 747 6 features feature NNS 21781 747 7 now now RB 21781 747 8 , , , 21781 747 9 but but CC 21781 747 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 747 11 meaning meaning NN 21781 747 12 will will MD 21781 747 13 be be VB 21781 747 14 much much RB 21781 747 15 clearer clear JJR 21781 747 16 after after IN 21781 747 17 the the DT 21781 747 18 lower low JJR 21781 747 19 type type NN 21781 747 20 is be VBZ 21781 747 21 read read VBN 21781 747 22 . . . 21781 748 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 748 2 figures figure NNS 21781 748 3 are be VBP 21781 748 4 of of IN 21781 748 5 Canis Canis NNP 21781 748 6 . . . 21781 749 1 In in IN 21781 749 2 section section NN 21781 749 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 749 4 Figure Figure NNP 21781 749 5 VI VI NNP 21781 749 6 . . . 21781 749 7 , , , 21781 749 8 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 749 9 6 6 CD 21781 749 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 749 11 , , , 21781 749 12 we -PRON- PRP 21781 749 13 perceive perceive VBP 21781 749 14 a a DT 21781 749 15 brain brain NN 21781 749 16 case case NN 21781 749 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 749 18 cranium cranium NN 21781 749 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 749 20 opening open VBG 21781 749 21 behind behind RB 21781 749 22 by by IN 21781 749 23 a a DT 21781 749 24 large large JJ 21781 749 25 aperture aperture NN 21781 749 26 , , , 21781 749 27 the the DT 21781 749 28 foramen foraman NNS 21781 749 29 magnum magnum NNP 21781 749 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 749 31 F.M. F.M. NNP 21781 749 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 749 33 . . . 21781 750 1 In in IN 21781 750 2 front front NN 21781 750 3 of of IN 21781 750 4 this this DT 21781 750 5 is be VBZ 21781 750 6 an an DT 21781 750 7 extensive extensive JJ 21781 750 8 passage passage NN 21781 750 9 , , , 21781 750 10 the the DT 21781 750 11 nasal nasal NN 21781 750 12 passage passage NN 21781 750 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 750 14 E.N. E.N. NNP 21781 751 1 to to IN 21781 751 2 P.N. P.N. NNP 21781 751 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 752 1 which which WDT 21781 752 2 is be VBZ 21781 752 3 divided divide VBN 21781 752 4 from from IN 21781 752 5 the the DT 21781 752 6 mouth mouth NN 21781 752 7 by by IN 21781 752 8 a a DT 21781 752 9 bony bony NN 21781 752 10 floor floor NN 21781 752 11 , , , 21781 752 12 the the DT 21781 752 13 palate palate NN 21781 752 14 , , , 21781 752 15 and and CC 21781 752 16 which which WDT 21781 752 17 opens open VBZ 21781 752 18 into into IN 21781 752 19 the the DT 21781 752 20 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 752 21 behind behind RB 21781 752 22 at at IN 21781 752 23 the the DT 21781 752 24 posterior posterior NNP 21781 752 25 nares naris NNS 21781 752 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 752 27 P.N. P.N. NNP 21781 752 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 753 1 and and CC 21781 753 2 to to IN 21781 753 3 the the DT 21781 753 4 exterior exterior NN 21781 753 5 by by IN 21781 753 6 the the DT 21781 753 7 anterior anterior JJ 21781 753 8 or or CC 21781 753 9 external external JJ 21781 753 10 nares naris NNS 21781 753 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 753 12 E.N. E.N. NNP 21781 753 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 753 14 . . . 21781 754 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 754 2 is be VBZ 21781 754 3 divided divide VBN 21781 754 4 into into IN 21781 754 5 right right JJ 21781 754 6 and and CC 21781 754 7 left left JJ 21781 754 8 passages passage NNS 21781 754 9 by by IN 21781 754 10 a a DT 21781 754 11 middle middle JJ 21781 754 12 partition partition NN 21781 754 13 , , , 21781 754 14 the the DT 21781 754 15 nasal nasal NN 21781 754 16 septum septum NN 21781 754 17 . . . 21781 755 1 Outside outside IN 21781 755 2 the the DT 21781 755 3 skull skull NN 21781 755 4 , , , 21781 755 5 on on IN 21781 755 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 755 7 wings wing NNS 21781 755 8 , , , 21781 755 9 is be VBZ 21781 755 10 a a DT 21781 755 11 flask flask NN 21781 755 12 - - HYPH 21781 755 13 like like JJ 21781 755 14 bone bone NN 21781 755 15 , , , 21781 755 16 the the DT 21781 755 17 bulla bulla NNP 21781 755 18 tympani tympani NNP 21781 755 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 755 20 b. b. NNP 21781 755 21 in in IN 21781 755 22 Figures Figures NNP 21781 755 23 2 2 CD 21781 755 24 and and CC 21781 755 25 3 3 CD 21781 755 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 755 27 , , , 21781 755 28 protecting protect VBG 21781 755 29 the the DT 21781 755 30 middle middle JJ 21781 755 31 ear ear NN 21781 755 32 , , , 21781 755 33 and and CC 21781 755 34 from from IN 21781 755 35 above above IN 21781 755 36 this this DT 21781 755 37 there there EX 21781 755 38 passes pass VBZ 21781 755 39 an an DT 21781 755 40 arch arch NN 21781 755 41 , , , 21781 755 42 the the DT 21781 755 43 cheek cheek NN 21781 755 44 bone bone NN 21781 755 45 ( ( -LRB- 21781 755 46 ju ju NNP 21781 755 47 . . . 21781 756 1 in in IN 21781 756 2 Figures Figures NNP 21781 756 3 1 1 CD 21781 756 4 , , , 21781 756 5 2 2 CD 21781 756 6 , , , 21781 756 7 and and CC 21781 756 8 3 3 LS 21781 756 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 756 10 , , , 21781 756 11 to to IN 21781 756 12 the the DT 21781 756 13 upper upper JJ 21781 756 14 jaw jaw NN 21781 756 15 , , , 21781 756 16 forming form VBG 21781 756 17 in in IN 21781 756 18 front front NN 21781 756 19 the the DT 21781 756 20 bony bony NNP 21781 756 21 lower low JJR 21781 756 22 protection protection NN 21781 756 23 of of IN 21781 756 24 the the DT 21781 756 25 cavity cavity NN 21781 756 26 containing contain VBG 21781 756 27 the the DT 21781 756 28 eye eye NN 21781 756 29 , , , 21781 756 30 the the DT 21781 756 31 orbit orbit NN 21781 756 32 . . . 21781 757 1 The the DT 21781 757 2 cheek cheek NN 21781 757 3 arch arch NN 21781 757 4 , , , 21781 757 5 nasal nasal NN 21781 757 6 passage passage NN 21781 757 7 , , , 21781 757 8 and and CC 21781 757 9 jaws jaw NNS 21781 757 10 , , , 21781 757 11 form form NN 21781 757 12 collectively collectively RB 21781 757 13 the the DT 21781 757 14 " " `` 21781 757 15 facial facial JJ 21781 757 16 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 757 17 , , , 21781 757 18 " " '' 21781 757 19 as as IN 21781 757 20 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 757 21 from from IN 21781 757 22 the the DT 21781 757 23 cranium cranium NN 21781 757 24 , , , 21781 757 25 and and CC 21781 757 26 the the DT 21781 757 27 whole whole JJ 21781 757 28 skull skull NN 21781 757 29 is be VBZ 21781 757 30 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 757 31 referred refer VBN 21781 757 32 to to IN 21781 757 33 as as RB 21781 757 34 , , , 21781 757 35 the the DT 21781 757 36 " " `` 21781 757 37 cranio cranio NN 21781 757 38 - - HYPH 21781 757 39 facial facial JJ 21781 757 40 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 757 41 . . . 21781 757 42 " " '' 21781 758 1 Two two CD 21781 758 2 eminences eminence NNS 21781 758 3 for for IN 21781 758 4 articulation articulation NN 21781 758 5 with with IN 21781 758 6 the the DT 21781 758 7 atlas atlas NNP 21781 758 8 vertebra vertebra NNP 21781 758 9 , , , 21781 758 10 the the DT 21781 758 11 condyles condyle NNS 21781 758 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 758 13 c. c. NNP 21781 758 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 758 15 , , , 21781 758 16 lie lie VB 21781 758 17 one one CD 21781 758 18 on on IN 21781 758 19 each each DT 21781 758 20 side side NN 21781 758 21 of of IN 21781 758 22 the the DT 21781 758 23 lower low JJR 21781 758 24 boundary boundary NN 21781 758 25 of of IN 21781 758 26 the the DT 21781 758 27 foramen foraman NNS 21781 758 28 magnum magnum NN 21781 758 29 . . . 21781 759 1 Section section NN 21781 759 2 87 87 CD 21781 759 3 . . . 21781 760 1 The the DT 21781 760 2 floor floor NN 21781 760 3 of of IN 21781 760 4 the the DT 21781 760 5 cranium cranium NN 21781 760 6 consists consist VBZ 21781 760 7 of of IN 21781 760 8 a a DT 21781 760 9 series series NN 21781 760 10 of of IN 21781 760 11 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 760 12 bones bone NNS 21781 760 13 , , , 21781 760 14 the the DT 21781 760 15 basi basi NN 21781 760 16 - - HYPH 21781 760 17 occipital occipital NN 21781 760 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 760 19 b.o b.o NNP 21781 760 20 . . . 21781 761 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 761 2 , , , 21781 761 3 basi basi NN 21781 761 4 - - HYPH 21781 761 5 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 761 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 761 7 b.sp b.sp NNP 21781 761 8 . . . 21781 762 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 762 2 , , , 21781 762 3 pre pre JJ 21781 762 4 - - NN 21781 762 5 sphenoid sphenoid JJ 21781 762 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 762 7 p.sp p.sp NNP 21781 762 8 . . . 21781 763 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 763 2 , , , 21781 763 3 and and CC 21781 763 4 in in IN 21781 763 5 front front NN 21781 763 6 , , , 21781 763 7 the the DT 21781 763 8 ethmoid ethmoid NNP 21781 763 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 763 10 eth eth NNP 21781 763 11 . . . 21781 764 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 764 2 , , , 21781 764 3 which which WDT 21781 764 4 sends send VBZ 21781 764 5 down down RB 21781 764 6 a a DT 21781 764 7 median median JJ 21781 764 8 plate plate NN 21781 764 9 , , , 21781 764 10 not not RB 21781 764 11 shown show VBN 21781 764 12 , , , 21781 764 13 in in IN 21781 764 14 the the DT 21781 764 15 figure figure NN 21781 764 16 , , , 21781 764 17 to to TO 21781 764 18 form form VB 21781 764 19 the the DT 21781 764 20 nasal nasal NN 21781 764 21 septum septum NN 21781 764 22 between between IN 21781 764 23 right right NN 21781 764 24 and and CC 21781 764 25 left leave VBD 21781 764 26 nasal nasal NN 21781 764 27 passages passage NNS 21781 764 28 . . . 21781 765 1 Like like IN 21781 765 2 extended extended JJ 21781 765 3 wings wing NNS 21781 765 4 on on IN 21781 765 5 either either DT 21781 765 6 side side NN 21781 765 7 of of IN 21781 765 8 the the DT 21781 765 9 basi basi NN 21781 765 10 - - HYPH 21781 765 11 occipital occipital NN 21781 765 12 are be VBP 21781 765 13 the the DT 21781 765 14 ex ex NN 21781 765 15 - - NN 21781 765 16 occipital occipital JJ 21781 765 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 765 18 e.o e.o NNP 21781 765 19 . . . 21781 765 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 766 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 766 2 the the DT 21781 766 3 bone bone NN 21781 766 4 is be VBZ 21781 766 5 marked mark VBN 21781 766 6 in in IN 21781 766 7 Figure Figure NNP 21781 766 8 4 4 CD 21781 766 9 , , , 21781 766 10 but but CC 21781 766 11 the the DT 21781 766 12 letters letter NNS 21781 766 13 are be VBP 21781 766 14 a a DT 21781 766 15 little little JJ 21781 766 16 obscured obscure VBN 21781 766 17 by by IN 21781 766 18 shading shade VBG 21781 766 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 766 20 . . . 21781 767 1 Similarly similarly RB 21781 767 2 the the DT 21781 767 3 ali ali NN 21781 767 4 - - HYPH 21781 767 5 sphenoids sphenoids NNP 21781 767 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 767 7 a.s a.s NNP 21781 767 8 . . NNP 21781 767 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 767 10 , , , 21781 767 11 are be VBP 21781 767 12 wings wing NNS 21781 767 13 to to IN 21781 767 14 the the DT 21781 767 15 basi- basi- NN 21781 767 16 , , , 21781 767 17 and and CC 21781 767 18 the the DT 21781 767 19 orbito orbito NNP 21781 767 20 - - HYPH 21781 767 21 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 767 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 767 23 o.s o.s NNP 21781 767 24 . . . 21781 768 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 768 2 , , , 21781 768 3 to to IN 21781 768 4 the the DT 21781 768 5 pre pre JJ 21781 768 6 - - JJ 21781 768 7 sphenoid sphenoid JJ 21781 768 8 bone bone NN 21781 768 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 768 10 p.sp p.sp NNP 21781 768 11 . . . 21781 768 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 768 13 . . . 21781 769 1 Between between IN 21781 769 2 the the DT 21781 769 3 ex ex NN 21781 769 4 - - JJ 21781 769 5 occipital occipital JJ 21781 769 6 and and CC 21781 769 7 ali ali NNP 21781 769 8 - - HYPH 21781 769 9 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 769 10 there there EX 21781 769 11 is be VBZ 21781 769 12 wedged wedge VBN 21781 769 13 in in IN 21781 769 14 a a DT 21781 769 15 bone bone NN 21781 769 16 , , , 21781 769 17 the the DT 21781 769 18 periotic periotic JJ 21781 769 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 769 20 p.o p.o NNP 21781 769 21 . . NNP 21781 769 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 770 1 containing contain VBG 21781 770 2 the the DT 21781 770 3 internal internal JJ 21781 770 4 ear ear NN 21781 770 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 770 6 Section section NN 21781 770 7 115 115 CD 21781 770 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 770 9 . . . 21781 771 1 Above above IN 21781 771 2 the the DT 21781 771 3 foramen foraman NNS 21781 771 4 magnum magnum NN 21781 771 5 the the DT 21781 771 6 median median NNP 21781 771 7 supra supra NNP 21781 771 8 - - HYPH 21781 771 9 occipital occipital JJ 21781 771 10 bone bone NN 21781 771 11 completes complete VBZ 21781 771 12 what what WP 21781 771 13 is be VBZ 21781 771 14 called call VBN 21781 771 15 the the DT 21781 771 16 occipital occipital NN 21781 771 17 arch arch NN 21781 771 18 . . . 21781 772 1 A a DT 21781 772 2 pair pair NN 21781 772 3 of of IN 21781 772 4 parietals parietal NNS 21781 772 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 772 6 pa pa NNP 21781 772 7 . . . 21781 772 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 772 9 come come VB 21781 772 10 above above IN 21781 772 11 the the DT 21781 772 12 ali ali NNP 21781 772 13 - - HYPH 21781 772 14 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 772 15 , , , 21781 772 16 and and CC 21781 772 17 a a DT 21781 772 18 pair pair NN 21781 772 19 of of IN 21781 772 20 frontals frontal NNS 21781 772 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 772 22 f. f. NNP 21781 772 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 772 24 above above IN 21781 772 25 the the DT 21781 772 26 orbito orbito NNP 21781 772 27 - - HYPH 21781 772 28 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 772 29 . . . 21781 773 1 At at IN 21781 773 2 the the DT 21781 773 3 side side NN 21781 773 4 the the DT 21781 773 5 brain brain NN 21781 773 6 case case NN 21781 773 7 is be VBZ 21781 773 8 still still RB 21781 773 9 incomplete incomplete JJ 21781 773 10 , , , 21781 773 11 and and CC 21781 773 12 here here RB 21781 773 13 the the DT 21781 773 14 aquamosal aquamosal NN 21781 773 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 773 16 sq sq NNP 21781 773 17 . . NNP 21781 773 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 774 1 enters enter VBZ 21781 774 2 into into IN 21781 774 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 774 4 wall wall NN 21781 774 5 . . . 21781 775 1 In in IN 21781 775 2 the the DT 21781 775 3 external external JJ 21781 775 4 view view NN 21781 775 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 775 6 Figure figure NN 21781 775 7 3 3 CD 21781 775 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 775 9 the the DT 21781 775 10 bulla bulla NN 21781 775 11 hides hide VBZ 21781 775 12 the the DT 21781 775 13 periotic periotic JJ 21781 775 14 bone bone NN 21781 775 15 from from IN 21781 775 16 without without IN 21781 775 17 . . . 21781 776 1 The the DT 21781 776 2 student student NN 21781 776 3 should should MD 21781 776 4 examine examine VB 21781 776 5 all all DT 21781 776 6 four four CD 21781 776 7 figures figure NNS 21781 776 8 for for IN 21781 776 9 these these DT 21781 776 10 bones bone NNS 21781 776 11 before before IN 21781 776 12 proceeding proceed VBG 21781 776 13 . . . 21781 777 1 Section section NN 21781 777 2 88 88 CD 21781 777 3 . . . 21781 778 1 The the DT 21781 778 2 outer outer JJ 21781 778 3 edge edge NN 21781 778 4 of of IN 21781 778 5 the the DT 21781 778 6 upper upper JJ 21781 778 7 jaw jaw NN 21781 778 8 and and CC 21781 778 9 the the DT 21781 778 10 cheek cheek NN 21781 778 11 arch arch NN 21781 778 12 are be VBP 21781 778 13 made make VBN 21781 778 14 up up RP 21781 778 15 of of IN 21781 778 16 three three CD 21781 778 17 paired pair VBN 21781 778 18 bones bone NNS 21781 778 19 . . . 21781 779 1 First first RB 21781 779 2 comes come VBZ 21781 779 3 the the DT 21781 779 4 premaxilla premaxilla NN 21781 779 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 779 6 p.m. p.m. NN 21781 779 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 779 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 779 9 not not RB 21781 779 10 p.m.1 p.m.1 NNP 21781 779 11 or or CC 21781 779 12 p.m.4 p.m.4 VB 21781 779 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 779 14 , , , 21781 779 15 containing contain VBG 21781 779 16 in in IN 21781 779 17 the the DT 21781 779 18 dog dog NN 21781 779 19 , , , 21781 779 20 the the DT 21781 779 21 three three CD 21781 779 22 incisors incisor NNS 21781 779 23 of of IN 21781 779 24 either either DT 21781 779 25 side side NN 21781 779 26 . . . 21781 780 1 Then then RB 21781 780 2 comes come VBZ 21781 780 3 the the DT 21781 780 4 maxilla maxilla NN 21781 780 5 , , , 21781 780 6 bearing bear VBG 21781 780 7 the the DT 21781 780 8 rest rest NN 21781 780 9 of of IN 21781 780 10 the the DT 21781 780 11 teeth tooth NNS 21781 780 12 . . . 21781 781 1 * * NFP 21781 781 2 The the DT 21781 781 3 jugal jugal JJ 21781 781 4 or or CC 21781 781 5 malar malar NNP 21781 781 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 781 7 ju ju NNP 21781 781 8 . . . 21781 781 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 782 1 reaches reach VBZ 21781 782 2 over over RP 21781 782 3 from from IN 21781 782 4 the the DT 21781 782 5 maxilla maxilla NN 21781 782 6 to to TO 21781 782 7 meet meet VB 21781 782 8 a a DT 21781 782 9 zygomatic zygomatic JJ 21781 782 10 process process NN 21781 782 11 (= (= -LRB- 21781 782 12 connecting connect VBG 21781 782 13 outgrowth outgrowth NN 21781 782 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 782 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 782 16 z.p z.p NNP 21781 782 17 . . . 21781 782 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 783 1 of of IN 21781 783 2 the the DT 21781 783 3 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 783 4 bone bone NN 21781 783 5 . . . 21781 784 1 * * NFP 21781 784 2 In in IN 21781 784 3 the the DT 21781 784 4 dog dog NN 21781 784 5 a a DT 21781 784 6 sabre sabre NNP 21781 784 7 - - HYPH 21781 784 8 like like NNP 21781 784 9 canine canine NNP 21781 784 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 784 11 c. c. NNP 21781 784 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 784 13 , , , 21781 784 14 four four CD 21781 784 15 premolars premolar NNS 21781 784 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 784 17 p.m.1 p.m.1 NNP 21781 784 18 and and CC 21781 784 19 p.m.4 p.m.4 VB 21781 784 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 784 21 and and CC 21781 784 22 two two CD 21781 784 23 molars molar NNS 21781 784 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 784 25 m.1 m.1 NFP 21781 784 26 and and CC 21781 784 27 m.2 m.2 LS 21781 784 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 784 29 . . . 21781 785 1 Section section NN 21781 785 2 89 89 CD 21781 785 3 . . . 21781 786 1 In in IN 21781 786 2 the the DT 21781 786 3 under under JJ 21781 786 4 view view NN 21781 786 5 of of IN 21781 786 6 the the DT 21781 786 7 skull skull NN 21781 786 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 786 9 Figure Figure NNP 21781 786 10 2 2 CD 21781 786 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 786 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 786 13 will will MD 21781 786 14 be be VB 21781 786 15 seen see VBN 21781 786 16 that that IN 21781 786 17 the the DT 21781 786 18 maxilla maxilla NNP 21781 786 19 sends send VBZ 21781 786 20 in in IN 21781 786 21 a a DT 21781 786 22 plate plate NN 21781 786 23 to to TO 21781 786 24 form form VB 21781 786 25 the the DT 21781 786 26 front front JJ 21781 786 27 part part NN 21781 786 28 of of IN 21781 786 29 the the DT 21781 786 30 hard hard JJ 21781 786 31 palate palate NN 21781 786 32 . . . 21781 787 1 Behind behind RB 21781 787 2 , , , 21781 787 3 the the DT 21781 787 4 hard hard JJ 21781 787 5 palate palate NN 21781 787 6 is be VBZ 21781 787 7 completed complete VBN 21781 787 8 by by IN 21781 787 9 the the DT 21781 787 10 pair pair NN 21781 787 11 of of IN 21781 787 12 palatine palatine NN 21781 787 13 bones bone NNS 21781 787 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 787 15 pal pal NNP 21781 787 16 . . . 21781 788 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 788 2 , , , 21781 788 3 which which WDT 21781 788 4 conceal conceal VBP 21781 788 5 much much JJ 21781 788 6 of of IN 21781 788 7 the the DT 21781 788 8 pre- pre- NN 21781 788 9 and and CC 21781 788 10 orbito orbito NNP 21781 788 11 - - HYPH 21781 788 12 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 788 13 in in IN 21781 788 14 the the DT 21781 788 15 ventral ventral JJ 21781 788 16 view view NN 21781 788 17 , , , 21781 788 18 and and CC 21781 788 19 which which WDT 21781 788 20 run run VBP 21781 788 21 back back RB 21781 788 22 as as IN 21781 788 23 ridges ridge NNS 21781 788 24 to to TO 21781 788 25 terminate terminate VB 21781 788 26 in in IN 21781 788 27 two two CD 21781 788 28 small small JJ 21781 788 29 angular angular JJ 21781 788 30 bones bone NNS 21781 788 31 , , , 21781 788 32 the the DT 21781 788 33 pterygoids pterygoid NNS 21781 788 34 ( ( -LRB- 21781 788 35 pt pt UH 21781 788 36 . . . 21781 788 37 ) ) -RRB- 21781 789 1 which which WDT 21781 789 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 789 3 shall shall MD 21781 789 4 find find VB 21781 789 5 represent represent NN 21781 789 6 much much RB 21781 789 7 more more RBR 21781 789 8 important important JJ 21781 789 9 structures structure NNS 21781 789 10 in in IN 21781 789 11 the the DT 21781 789 12 lower low JJR 21781 789 13 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 789 14 . . . 21781 790 1 Section section NN 21781 790 2 90 90 CD 21781 790 3 . . . 21781 791 1 The the DT 21781 791 2 pre pre NN 21781 791 3 - - NN 21781 791 4 maxillae maxillae NNP 21781 791 5 and and CC 21781 791 6 maxillae maxillae NNP 21781 791 7 bound bind VBD 21781 791 8 the the DT 21781 791 9 sides side NNS 21781 791 10 of of IN 21781 791 11 the the DT 21781 791 12 nasal nasal NN 21781 791 13 passage passage NN 21781 791 14 , , , 21781 791 15 and and CC 21781 791 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 791 17 is be VBZ 21781 791 18 completed complete VBN 21781 791 19 above above IN 21781 791 20 by by IN 21781 791 21 a a DT 21781 791 22 pair pair NN 21781 791 23 of of IN 21781 791 24 splints splint NNS 21781 791 25 , , , 21781 791 26 the the DT 21781 791 27 nasals nasal NNS 21781 791 28 . . . 21781 792 1 Along along IN 21781 792 2 the the DT 21781 792 3 floor floor NN 21781 792 4 of of IN 21781 792 5 the the DT 21781 792 6 nasal nasal NN 21781 792 7 passage passage NN 21781 792 8 , , , 21781 792 9 on on IN 21781 792 10 the the DT 21781 792 11 middle middle JJ 21781 792 12 line line NN 21781 792 13 , , , 21781 792 14 lies lie VBZ 21781 792 15 a a DT 21781 792 16 splint splint NN 21781 792 17 of of IN 21781 792 18 bone bone NN 21781 792 19 formed form VBN 21781 792 20 by by IN 21781 792 21 the the DT 21781 792 22 coalescence coalescence NN 21781 792 23 of of IN 21781 792 24 two two CD 21781 792 25 halves half NNS 21781 792 26 . . . 21781 793 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 793 2 embraces embrace VBZ 21781 793 3 in in IN 21781 793 4 a a DT 21781 793 5 V v NN 21781 793 6 - - HYPH 21781 793 7 like like JJ 21781 793 8 groove groove NN 21781 793 9 the the DT 21781 793 10 mesethmoid mesethmoid NNP 21781 793 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 793 12 nasal nasal NNP 21781 793 13 septum septum NNP 21781 793 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 793 15 above above RB 21781 793 16 , , , 21781 793 17 and and CC 21781 793 18 lies lie VBZ 21781 793 19 on on IN 21781 793 20 the the DT 21781 793 21 palate palate NN 21781 793 22 . . . 21781 794 1 { { -LRB- 21781 794 2 Lines line NNS 21781 794 3 from from IN 21781 794 4 First First NNP 21781 794 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 794 6 only only RB 21781 794 7 . . . 21781 794 8 } } -RRB- 21781 795 1 -Its -Its : 21781 795 2 position position NN 21781 795 3 is be VBZ 21781 795 4 indicated indicate VBN 21781 795 5 by by IN 21781 795 6 a a DT 21781 795 7 heavy heavy JJ 21781 795 8 black black JJ 21781 795 9 line line NN 21781 795 10 in in IN 21781 795 11 4 4 CD 21781 795 12 , , , 21781 795 13 and and CC 21781 795 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 795 15 is be VBZ 21781 795 16 called call VBN 21781 795 17 , , , 21781 795 18 the the DT 21781 795 19 vomer vomer NN 21781 795 20 bone bone NN 21781 795 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 795 22 vo vo NNP 21781 795 23 . . . 21781 796 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 796 2 .- .- . 21781 796 3 { { -LRB- 21781 796 4 Lines line NNS 21781 796 5 from from IN 21781 796 6 Second Second NNP 21781 796 7 Edition Edition NNP 21781 796 8 only only RB 21781 796 9 . . . 21781 796 10 } } -RRB- 21781 797 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 797 2 In in IN 21781 797 3 the the DT 21781 797 4 frog frog NN 21781 797 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 797 6 is be VBZ 21781 797 7 represented represent VBN 21781 797 8 by by IN 21781 797 9 two two CD 21781 797 10 laterally laterally RB 21781 797 11 situated situate VBN 21781 797 12 bones bone NNS 21781 797 13 . . . 21781 798 1 This this DT 21781 798 2 is be VBZ 21781 798 3 the the DT 21781 798 4 vomer vomer NN 21781 798 5 bone bone NN 21781 798 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 798 7 vo vo NNP 21781 798 8 . . . 21781 798 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 798 10 . . . 21781 798 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 799 1 The the DT 21781 799 2 nasal nasal NN 21781 799 3 passages passage NNS 21781 799 4 are be VBP 21781 799 5 partially partially RB 21781 799 6 blocked block VBN 21781 799 7 by by IN 21781 799 8 foliated foliated JJ 21781 799 9 bony bony NN 21781 799 10 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 799 11 , , , 21781 799 12 from from IN 21781 799 13 the the DT 21781 799 14 inner inner JJ 21781 799 15 aspect aspect NN 21781 799 16 of of IN 21781 799 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 799 18 walls wall NNS 21781 799 19 , , , 21781 799 20 which which WDT 21781 799 21 in in IN 21781 799 22 life life NN 21781 799 23 are be VBP 21781 799 24 covered cover VBN 21781 799 25 with with IN 21781 799 26 mucous mucous JJ 21781 799 27 membrane membrane NN 21781 799 28 , , , 21781 799 29 and and CC 21781 799 30 increase increase VB 21781 799 31 the the DT 21781 799 32 surface surface NN 21781 799 33 sensitive sensitive JJ 21781 799 34 to to IN 21781 799 35 smell smell NN 21781 799 36 . . . 21781 800 1 The the DT 21781 800 2 ethmoid ethmoid JJ 21781 800 3 ends end VBZ 21781 800 4 in in IN 21781 800 5 the the DT 21781 800 6 ethmo ethmo NN 21781 800 7 - - HYPH 21781 800 8 turbinal turbinal JJ 21781 800 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 800 10 e.t e.t NNP 21781 800 11 . . . 21781 801 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 801 2 ; ; : 21781 801 3 the the DT 21781 801 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 801 5 , , , 21781 801 6 the the DT 21781 801 7 naso naso NN 21781 801 8 - - HYPH 21781 801 9 turbinal turbinal JJ 21781 801 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 801 11 n.t n.t NNP 21781 801 12 . . . 21781 802 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 802 2 ; ; : 21781 802 3 and and CC 21781 802 4 the the DT 21781 802 5 maxilla maxilla NN 21781 802 6 , , , 21781 802 7 the the DT 21781 802 8 maxillo maxillo NN 21781 802 9 - - HYPH 21781 802 10 turbinal turbinal JJ 21781 802 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 802 12 m.t m.t NNP 21781 802 13 . . NNP 21781 802 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 802 15 . . . 21781 803 1 In in IN 21781 803 2 the the DT 21781 803 3 anterior anterior JJ 21781 803 4 corner corner NN 21781 803 5 of of IN 21781 803 6 the the DT 21781 803 7 orbit orbit NN 21781 803 8 there there EX 21781 803 9 is be VBZ 21781 803 10 a a DT 21781 803 11 bone bone NN 21781 803 12 , , , 21781 803 13 the the DT 21781 803 14 lachrymal lachrymal NNP 21781 803 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 803 16 lc lc NNP 21781 803 17 . . . 21781 804 1 Figure figure NN 21781 804 2 1 1 CD 21781 804 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 804 4 , , , 21781 804 5 which which WDT 21781 804 6 is be VBZ 21781 804 7 hidden hide VBN 21781 804 8 by by IN 21781 804 9 the the DT 21781 804 10 maxilla maxilla NN 21781 804 11 in in IN 21781 804 12 the the DT 21781 804 13 side side JJ 21781 804 14 view view NN 21781 804 15 of of IN 21781 804 16 the the DT 21781 804 17 skull skull NN 21781 804 18 . . . 21781 805 1 Section section NN 21781 805 2 91 91 CD 21781 805 3 . . . 21781 806 1 The the DT 21781 806 2 lower low JJR 21781 806 3 jaw jaw NN 21781 806 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 806 5 mandible mandible JJ 21781 806 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 806 7 is be VBZ 21781 806 8 one one CD 21781 806 9 continuous continuous JJ 21781 806 10 bone bone NN 21781 806 11 in in IN 21781 806 12 the the DT 21781 806 13 mammal mammal NN 21781 806 14 . . . 21781 807 1 Three three CD 21781 807 2 incisors incisor NNS 21781 807 3 bite bite VBP 21781 807 4 against against IN 21781 807 5 the the DT 21781 807 6 three three CD 21781 807 7 of of IN 21781 807 8 the the DT 21781 807 9 upper upper JJ 21781 807 10 jaw jaw NN 21781 807 11 . . . 21781 808 1 Then then RB 21781 808 2 comes come VBZ 21781 808 3 a a DT 21781 808 4 canine canine NN 21781 808 5 , , , 21781 808 6 four four CD 21781 808 7 premolars premolar NNS 21781 808 8 , , , 21781 808 9 and and CC 21781 808 10 three three CD 21781 808 11 molars molar NNS 21781 808 12 , , , 21781 808 13 the the DT 21781 808 14 first first JJ 21781 808 15 of of IN 21781 808 16 which which WDT 21781 808 17 is be VBZ 21781 808 18 blade blade NN 21781 808 19 - - HYPH 21781 808 20 like like JJ 21781 808 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 808 22 sectorial sectorial NNP 21781 808 23 tooth tooth NN 21781 808 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 808 25 , , , 21781 808 26 and and CC 21781 808 27 bites bite NNS 21781 808 28 against against IN 21781 808 29 the the DT 21781 808 30 similar similar JJ 21781 808 31 sectorial sectorial JJ 21781 808 32 tooth tooth NN 21781 808 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 808 34 last last JJ 21781 808 35 premolar premolar JJ 21781 808 36 ) ) -RRB- 21781 808 37 of of IN 21781 808 38 the the DT 21781 808 39 upper upper JJ 21781 808 40 jaw jaw NN 21781 808 41 . . . 21781 809 1 The the DT 21781 809 2 third third JJ 21781 809 3 molar molar NN 21781 809 4 is be VBZ 21781 809 5 small small JJ 21781 809 6 . . . 21781 810 1 The the DT 21781 810 2 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 810 3 of of IN 21781 810 4 tooth tooth NN 21781 810 5 is be VBZ 21781 810 6 indicated indicate VBN 21781 810 7 in in IN 21781 810 8 the the DT 21781 810 9 following follow VBG 21781 810 10 dental dental NN 21781 810 11 formula:-- formula:-- NNP 21781 810 12 I. i. NN 21781 811 1 3.3/3.3 3.3/3.3 CD 21781 811 2 , , , 21781 811 3 C. C. NNP 21781 811 4 1.1/1.1 1.1/1.1 CD 21781 811 5 , , , 21781 811 6 P.M. P.M. NNP 21781 811 7 4.4/4.4 4.4/4.4 CD 21781 811 8 , , , 21781 811 9 M. M. NNP 21781 811 10 2.2/3.3 2.2/3.3 CD 21781 811 11 Section Section NNP 21781 811 12 92 92 CD 21781 811 13 . . . 21781 812 1 Attached attach VBN 21781 812 2 just just RB 21781 812 3 behind behind IN 21781 812 4 the the DT 21781 812 5 bulla bulla NN 21781 812 6 above above RB 21781 812 7 , , , 21781 812 8 and and CC 21781 812 9 passing pass VBG 21781 812 10 round round NN 21781 812 11 on on IN 21781 812 12 either either DT 21781 812 13 side side NN 21781 812 14 of of IN 21781 812 15 the the DT 21781 812 16 throat throat NN 21781 812 17 to to TO 21781 812 18 meet meet VB 21781 812 19 at at IN 21781 812 20 the the DT 21781 812 21 base base NN 21781 812 22 of of IN 21781 812 23 the the DT 21781 812 24 tongue tongue NN 21781 812 25 , , , 21781 812 26 is be VBZ 21781 812 27 the the DT 21781 812 28 hyoid hyoid JJ 21781 812 29 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 812 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 812 31 Figure Figure NNP 21781 812 32 6 6 CD 21781 812 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 812 34 . . . 21781 813 1 The the DT 21781 813 2 stylohyal stylohyal NN 21781 813 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 813 4 s.h s.h NNP 21781 813 5 . . . 21781 814 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 814 2 , , , 21781 814 3 epihyal epihyal NNP 21781 814 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 814 5 e.h e.h NNP 21781 814 6 . . NNP 21781 814 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 814 8 , , , 21781 814 9 and and CC 21781 814 10 ceratohyal ceratohyal NNP 21781 814 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 814 12 c.h c.h NNP 21781 814 13 . . . 21781 814 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 815 1 form form VB 21781 815 2 the the DT 21781 815 3 anterior anterior NNP 21781 815 4 cornu cornu NN 21781 815 5 of of IN 21781 815 6 the the DT 21781 815 7 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 815 8 . . . 21781 816 1 The the DT 21781 816 2 body body NN 21781 816 3 of of IN 21781 816 4 the the DT 21781 816 5 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 816 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 816 7 b.h b.h NNP 21781 816 8 . . . 21781 816 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 817 1 forms form NNS 21781 817 2 a a DT 21781 817 3 basis basis NN 21781 817 4 for for IN 21781 817 5 the the DT 21781 817 6 tongue tongue NN 21781 817 7 . . . 21781 818 1 The the DT 21781 818 2 posterior posterior NN 21781 818 3 coruna coruna NN 21781 818 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 818 5 t.h t.h NNP 21781 818 6 . . NNP 21781 818 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 819 1 of of IN 21781 819 2 the the DT 21781 819 3 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 819 4 are be VBP 21781 819 5 also also RB 21781 819 6 called call VBN 21781 819 7 the the DT 21781 819 8 thyrohyals thyrohyal NNS 21781 819 9 . . . 21781 820 1 Section section NN 21781 820 2 93 93 CD 21781 820 3 . . . 21781 821 1 The the DT 21781 821 2 following follow VBG 21781 821 3 table table NN 21781 821 4 presents present VBZ 21781 821 5 these these DT 21781 821 6 bones bone NNS 21781 821 7 in in IN 21781 821 8 something something NN 21781 821 9 like like IN 21781 821 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 821 11 relative relative JJ 21781 821 12 positions position NNS 21781 821 13 . . . 21781 822 1 A a DT 21781 822 2 closer close JJR 21781 822 3 approximation approximation NN 21781 822 4 to to IN 21781 822 5 the the DT 21781 822 6 state state NN 21781 822 7 of of IN 21781 822 8 the the DT 21781 822 9 case case NN 21781 822 10 will will MD 21781 822 11 be be VB 21781 822 12 reached reach VBN 21781 822 13 if if IN 21781 822 14 the the DT 21781 822 15 student student NN 21781 822 16 will will MD 21781 822 17 imagine imagine VB 21781 822 18 the the DT 21781 822 19 maxilla maxilla NN 21781 822 20 raised raise VBN 21781 822 21 up up RP 21781 822 22 so so IN 21781 822 23 as as IN 21781 822 24 to to IN 21781 822 25 overlie overlie VB 21781 822 26 and and CC 21781 822 27 hide hide VB 21781 822 28 the the DT 21781 822 29 palatine palatine NN 21781 822 30 and and CC 21781 822 31 presphenoid presphenoid NN 21781 822 32 , , , 21781 822 33 the the DT 21781 822 34 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 822 35 similarly similarly RB 21781 822 36 overlying overlie VBG 21781 822 37 the the DT 21781 822 38 periotic periotic JJ 21781 822 39 bone bone NN 21781 822 40 , , , 21781 822 41 and and CC 21781 822 42 the the DT 21781 822 43 jugal jugal NN 21781 822 44 reaching reach VBG 21781 822 45 between between IN 21781 822 46 them -PRON- PRP 21781 822 47 . . . 21781 823 1 Membrane membrane NN 21781 823 2 bones bone NNS 21781 823 3 are be VBP 21781 823 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 823 5 by by IN 21781 823 6 capital capital NN 21781 823 7 letters letter NNS 21781 823 8 . . . 21781 824 1 -Cranium -Cranium NNP 21781 824 2 _ _ NNP 21781 824 3 -Nasal -Nasal NNP 21781 824 4 _ _ NNP 21781 824 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 6 paired pair VBN 21781 824 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 8 , , , 21781 824 9 Ethmoid Ethmoid NNP 21781 824 10 Bone Bone NNP 21781 824 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 12 median median NNP 21781 824 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 14 , , , 21781 824 15 -Vomer -Vomer NNP 21781 824 16 _ _ NNP 21781 824 17 -Frontal -Frontal NNP 21781 824 18 _ _ NNP 21781 824 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 20 paired pair VBN 21781 824 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 22 , , , 21781 824 23 -Lachrymal -Lachrymal NNP 21781 824 24 _ _ NNP 21781 824 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 26 paired pair VBN 21781 824 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 28 , , , 21781 824 29 Orbito Orbito NNP 21781 824 30 - - HYPH 21781 824 31 sphenoid sphenoid NNP 21781 824 32 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 33 paired pair VBN 21781 824 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 35 , , , 21781 824 36 Pre Pre NNP 21781 824 37 - - NN 21781 824 38 sphenoid sphenoid NNP 21781 824 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 40 median median NNP 21781 824 41 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 42 , , , 21781 824 43 Eye Eye NNP 21781 824 44 -Parietal -Parietal NNP 21781 824 45 _ _ NNP 21781 824 46 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 47 Paired Paired NNP 21781 824 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 49 , , , 21781 824 50 Ali Ali NNP 21781 824 51 - - HYPH 21781 824 52 sphenoid sphenoid NNP 21781 824 53 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 54 paired pair VBN 21781 824 55 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 56 , , , 21781 824 57 Basi Basi NNP 21781 824 58 - - HYPH 21781 824 59 sphenoid sphenoid NNP 21781 824 60 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 61 median median NNP 21781 824 62 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 63 * * NFP 21781 824 64 , , , 21781 824 65 Periotic Periotic NNP 21781 824 66 Bone Bone NNP 21781 824 67 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 68 paired pair VBN 21781 824 69 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 70 -Bulla -Bulla NFP 21781 824 71 _ _ NNP 21781 824 72 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 73 paired pair VBN 21781 824 74 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 75 Supra Supra NNP 21781 824 76 - - HYPH 21781 824 77 occipital occipital NNP 21781 824 78 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 79 median median NNP 21781 824 80 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 81 , , , 21781 824 82 Ex ex NN 21781 824 83 - - NN 21781 824 84 occipital occipital JJ 21781 824 85 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 86 paired pair VBN 21781 824 87 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 88 , , , 21781 824 89 Basi Basi NNP 21781 824 90 - - HYPH 21781 824 91 occipital occipital NNP 21781 824 92 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 93 median median NNP 21781 824 94 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 95 -Upper -Upper NNP 21781 824 96 Jaw Jaw NNP 21781 824 97 _ _ NNP 21781 824 98 -Pre -Pre NNP 21781 824 99 - - : 21781 824 100 Maxilla Maxilla NNP 21781 824 101 _ _ NNP 21781 824 102 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 103 paired pair VBN 21781 824 104 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 105 Palatine Palatine NNP 21781 824 106 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 107 paired pair VBN 21781 824 108 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 109 Pterygoid Pterygoid NNP 21781 824 110 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 111 paired pair VBN 21781 824 112 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 113 -Lower -Lower NNP 21781 824 114 Jaw Jaw NNP 21781 824 115 _ _ NNP 21781 824 116 -Maxilla -Maxilla NNP 21781 824 117 _ _ NNP 21781 824 118 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 119 paired pair VBN 21781 824 120 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 121 -Jugal -Jugal NNP 21781 824 122 _ _ NNP 21781 824 123 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 124 paired pair VBN 21781 824 125 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 126 -Squamosal -squamosal NN 21781 824 127 _ _ NNP 21781 824 128 ( ( -LRB- 21781 824 129 paired pair VBN 21781 824 130 ) ) -RRB- 21781 824 131 * * NFP 21781 824 132 In in IN 21781 824 133 this this DT 21781 824 134 table table NN 21781 824 135 the the DT 21781 824 136 small small JJ 21781 824 137 bones bone NNS 21781 824 138 of of IN 21781 824 139 the the DT 21781 824 140 ear ear NN 21781 824 141 are be VBP 21781 824 142 simply simply RB 21781 824 143 indicated indicate VBN 21781 824 144 by by IN 21781 824 145 an an DT 21781 824 146 asterisk asterisk NN 21781 824 147 . . . 21781 825 1 Section section NN 21781 825 2 94 94 CD 21781 825 3 . . . 21781 826 1 Hidden hide VBN 21781 826 2 by by IN 21781 826 3 the the DT 21781 826 4 bulla bulla NN 21781 826 5 , , , 21781 826 6 and and CC 21781 826 7 just just RB 21781 826 8 external external JJ 21781 826 9 to to IN 21781 826 10 the the DT 21781 826 11 periotic periotic JJ 21781 826 12 bone bone NN 21781 826 13 , , , 21781 826 14 are be VBP 21781 826 15 the the DT 21781 826 16 auditory auditory JJ 21781 826 17 ossicles ossicle NNS 21781 826 18 , , , 21781 826 19 the the DT 21781 826 20 incus incus NN 21781 826 21 , , , 21781 826 22 malleus malleus NNP 21781 826 23 , , , 21781 826 24 os os NNP 21781 826 25 orbiculare orbiculare NNP 21781 826 26 , , , 21781 826 27 and and CC 21781 826 28 stapes stape NNS 21781 826 29 . . . 21781 827 1 These these DT 21781 827 2 will will MD 21781 827 3 be be VB 21781 827 4 more more RBR 21781 827 5 explicitly explicitly RB 21781 827 6 treated treat VBN 21781 827 7 when when WRB 21781 827 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 827 9 discuss discuss VBP 21781 827 10 the the DT 21781 827 11 ear ear NN 21781 827 12 . . . 21781 828 1 Section section NN 21781 828 2 95 95 CD 21781 828 3 . . . 21781 829 1 When when WRB 21781 829 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 829 3 come come VBP 21781 829 4 to to IN 21781 829 5 the the DT 21781 829 6 study study NN 21781 829 7 of of IN 21781 829 8 the the DT 21781 829 9 nerves nerve NNS 21781 829 10 , , , 21781 829 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 829 12 shall shall MD 21781 829 13 revert revert VB 21781 829 14 to to IN 21781 829 15 the the DT 21781 829 16 skull skull NN 21781 829 17 , , , 21781 829 18 and and CC 21781 829 19 treat treat NN 21781 829 20 of of IN 21781 829 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 829 22 perforations perforation NNS 21781 829 23 . . . 21781 830 1 The the DT 21781 830 2 student student NN 21781 830 3 should should MD 21781 830 4 not not RB 21781 830 5 fail fail VB 21781 830 6 , , , 21781 830 7 before before IN 21781 830 8 proceeding proceeding NN 21781 830 9 , , , 21781 830 10 to to TO 21781 830 11 copy copy VB 21781 830 12 and and CC 21781 830 13 recopy recopy VB 21781 830 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 830 15 figures figure NNS 21781 830 16 , , , 21781 830 17 and and CC 21781 830 18 to to TO 21781 830 19 make make VB 21781 830 20 himself -PRON- PRP 21781 830 21 quite quite RB 21781 830 22 familiar familiar JJ 21781 830 23 with with IN 21781 830 24 them -PRON- PRP 21781 830 25 , , , 21781 830 26 and and CC 21781 830 27 he -PRON- PRP 21781 830 28 should should MD 21781 830 29 also also RB 21781 830 30 obtain obtain VB 21781 830 31 and and CC 21781 830 32 handle handle VB 21781 830 33 an an DT 21781 830 34 actual actual JJ 21781 830 35 skull skull NN 21781 830 36 . . . 21781 831 1 For for IN 21781 831 2 all all DT 21781 831 3 practical practical JJ 21781 831 4 purposes purpose NNS 21781 831 5 the the DT 21781 831 6 skull skull NN 21781 831 7 of of IN 21781 831 8 a a DT 21781 831 9 sheep sheep NN 21781 831 10 or or CC 21781 831 11 cat cat NN 21781 831 12 will will MD 21781 831 13 be be VB 21781 831 14 almost almost RB 21781 831 15 as as RB 21781 831 16 useful useful JJ 21781 831 17 as as IN 21781 831 18 that that DT 21781 831 19 of of IN 21781 831 20 the the DT 21781 831 21 dog dog NN 21781 831 22 . . . 21781 832 1 6 6 CD 21781 832 2 . . . 21781 833 1 _ _ NNP 21781 833 2 Muscle Muscle NNP 21781 833 3 and and CC 21781 833 4 Nerve Nerve NNP 21781 833 5 _ _ NNP 21781 833 6 Section Section NNP 21781 833 7 96 96 CD 21781 833 8 . . . 21781 834 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 834 2 have have VBP 21781 834 3 , , , 21781 834 4 in in IN 21781 834 5 the the DT 21781 834 6 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 834 7 , , , 21781 834 8 a a DT 21781 834 9 complicated complicated JJ 21781 834 10 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 834 11 of of IN 21781 834 12 parts part NNS 21781 834 13 hinged hinge VBN 21781 834 14 and and CC 21781 834 15 movable movable JJ 21781 834 16 upon upon IN 21781 834 17 one one CD 21781 834 18 another another DT 21781 834 19 ; ; : 21781 834 20 the the DT 21781 834 21 agent agent NN 21781 834 22 moving move VBG 21781 834 23 these these DT 21781 834 24 parts part NNS 21781 834 25 is be VBZ 21781 834 26 the the DT 21781 834 27 same same JJ 21781 834 28 agent agent NN 21781 834 29 that that WDT 21781 834 30 we -PRON- PRP 21781 834 31 find find VBP 21781 834 32 in in IN 21781 834 33 the the DT 21781 834 34 heart heart NN 21781 834 35 walls wall NNS 21781 834 36 propelling propel VBG 21781 834 37 the the DT 21781 834 38 blood blood NN 21781 834 39 through through IN 21781 834 40 the the DT 21781 834 41 circulation circulation NN 21781 834 42 , , , 21781 834 43 in in IN 21781 834 44 the the DT 21781 834 45 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 834 46 canal canal NN 21781 834 47 squeezing squeeze VBG 21781 834 48 the the DT 21781 834 49 food food NN 21781 834 50 along along IN 21781 834 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 834 52 course course NN 21781 834 53 , , , 21781 834 54 and and CC 21781 834 55 universally universally RB 21781 834 56 in in IN 21781 834 57 the the DT 21781 834 58 body body NN 21781 834 59 where where WRB 21781 834 60 motion motion NN 21781 834 61 occurs occur VBZ 21781 834 62 , , , 21781 834 63 except except IN 21781 834 64 in in IN 21781 834 65 the the DT 21781 834 66 case case NN 21781 834 67 of of IN 21781 834 68 the the DT 21781 834 69 creeping creep VBG 21781 834 70 phagocytes phagocyte NNS 21781 834 71 , , , 21781 834 72 and and CC 21781 834 73 the the DT 21781 834 74 ciliary ciliary JJ 21781 834 75 waving wave VBG 21781 834 76 of of IN 21781 834 77 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 834 78 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 834 79 . . . 21781 835 1 This this DT 21781 835 2 agent agent NN 21781 835 3 is be VBZ 21781 835 4 muscle muscle NN 21781 835 5 . . . 21781 836 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 836 2 have have VBP 21781 836 3 , , , 21781 836 4 in in IN 21781 836 5 muscular muscular JJ 21781 836 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 836 7 , , , 21781 836 8 a a DT 21781 836 9 very very RB 21781 836 10 wide wide JJ 21781 836 11 departure departure NN 21781 836 12 from from IN 21781 836 13 the the DT 21781 836 14 structure structure NN 21781 836 15 of of IN 21781 836 16 the the DT 21781 836 17 primordial primordial JJ 21781 836 18 cell cell NN 21781 836 19 ; ; : 21781 836 20 to to TO 21781 836 21 use use VB 21781 836 22 a a DT 21781 836 23 common common JJ 21781 836 24 biological biological JJ 21781 836 25 expression expression NN 21781 836 26 , , , 21781 836 27 a a DT 21781 836 28 very very RB 21781 836 29 great great JJ 21781 836 30 amount amount NN 21781 836 31 of of IN 21781 836 32 modification modification NN 21781 836 33 (= (= NNP 21781 836 34 differentiation differentiation NN 21781 836 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 836 36 . . . 21781 837 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 837 2 7 7 CD 21781 837 3 represents represent VBZ 21781 837 4 the the DT 21781 837 5 simpler simple JJR 21781 837 6 kind kind RB 21781 837 7 of of IN 21781 837 8 muscular muscular JJ 21781 837 9 tissue tissue NN 21781 837 10 , , , 21781 837 11 unstriated unstriated JJ 21781 837 12 muscle muscle NN 21781 837 13 , , , 21781 837 14 in in IN 21781 837 15 which which WDT 21781 837 16 the the DT 21781 837 17 cell cell NN 21781 837 18 character character NN 21781 837 19 is be VBZ 21781 837 20 still still RB 21781 837 21 fairly fairly RB 21781 837 22 obvious obvious JJ 21781 837 23 . . . 21781 838 1 The the DT 21781 838 2 cells cell NNS 21781 838 3 are be VBP 21781 838 4 fusiform fusiform NN 21781 838 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 838 6 spindle spindle NN 21781 838 7 - - HYPH 21781 838 8 shaped shaped JJ 21781 838 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 838 10 , , , 21781 838 11 have have VBP 21781 838 12 a a DT 21781 838 13 distinct distinct JJ 21781 838 14 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 838 15 and and CC 21781 838 16 faint faint JJ 21781 838 17 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 21781 838 18 striations striation NNS 21781 838 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 838 20 striations striation NNS 21781 838 21 along along IN 21781 838 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 838 23 length length NN 21781 838 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 838 25 , , , 21781 838 26 but but CC 21781 838 27 no no DT 21781 838 28 transverse transverse JJ 21781 838 29 striations striation NNS 21781 838 30 . . . 21781 839 1 Section section NN 21781 839 2 97 97 CD 21781 839 3 . . . 21781 840 1 In in IN 21781 840 2 striated striated JJ 21781 840 3 muscle muscle NN 21781 840 4 extensive extensive JJ 21781 840 5 modifications modification NNS 21781 840 6 mask mask VBP 21781 840 7 the the DT 21781 840 8 cell cell NN 21781 840 9 character character NN 21781 840 10 . . . 21781 841 1 Under under IN 21781 841 2 a a DT 21781 841 3 1/4 1/4 CD 21781 841 4 inch inch NN 21781 841 5 objective objective JJ 21781 841 6 , , , 21781 841 7 transverse transverse JJ 21781 841 8 striations striation NNS 21781 841 9 of of IN 21781 841 10 the the DT 21781 841 11 fibres fibre NNS 21781 841 12 are be VBP 21781 841 13 also also RB 21781 841 14 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 841 15 visible visible JJ 21781 841 16 , , , 21781 841 17 and and CC 21781 841 18 under under IN 21781 841 19 a a DT 21781 841 20 much much RB 21781 841 21 higher high JJR 21781 841 22 power power NN 21781 841 23 we -PRON- PRP 21781 841 24 discern discern VBP 21781 841 25 in in IN 21781 841 26 a a DT 21781 841 27 fibre fibre NN 21781 841 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 841 29 Sheet sheet NN 21781 841 30 7 7 CD 21781 841 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 841 32 transverse transverse JJ 21781 841 33 columns column NNS 21781 841 34 of of IN 21781 841 35 rod rod NN 21781 841 36 - - HYPH 21781 841 37 like like JJ 21781 841 38 sarcous sarcous JJ 21781 841 39 elements element NNS 21781 841 40 ( ( -LRB- 21781 841 41 s.e s.e NNP 21781 841 42 . . . 21781 842 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 842 2 , , , 21781 842 3 the the DT 21781 842 4 columns column NNS 21781 842 5 separated separate VBN 21781 842 6 by by IN 21781 842 7 lines line NNS 21781 842 8 of of IN 21781 842 9 dots dot NNS 21781 842 10 , , , 21781 842 11 the the DT 21781 842 12 membranes membrane NNS 21781 842 13 of of IN 21781 842 14 Krause Krause NNP 21781 842 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 842 16 k.m k.m NNP 21781 842 17 . . . 21781 843 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 843 2 , , , 21781 843 3 and and CC 21781 843 4 nuclei nuclei NNP 21781 843 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 843 6 n. n. NNP 21781 843 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 843 8 , , , 21781 843 9 flattened flatten VBD 21781 843 10 and and CC 21781 843 11 separated separate VBD 21781 843 12 into into IN 21781 843 13 portions portion NNS 21781 843 14 , , , 21781 843 15 and and CC 21781 843 16 lying lie VBG 21781 843 17 , , , 21781 843 18 in in IN 21781 843 19 some some DT 21781 843 20 cases case NNS 21781 843 21 , , , 21781 843 22 close close JJ 21781 843 23 to to IN 21781 843 24 the the DT 21781 843 25 sarcolemma sarcolemma NN 21781 843 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 843 27 sc sc RB 21781 843 28 . . . 21781 843 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 844 1 the the DT 21781 844 2 connective connective JJ 21781 844 3 tissue tissue NN 21781 844 4 enclosing enclose VBG 21781 844 5 the the DT 21781 844 6 fibre fibre NN 21781 844 7 , , , 21781 844 8 in in IN 21781 844 9 others other NNS 21781 844 10 scattered scatter VBN 21781 844 11 throughout throughout IN 21781 844 12 the the DT 21781 844 13 substance substance NN 21781 844 14 of of IN 21781 844 15 the the DT 21781 844 16 fibre fibre NN 21781 844 17 . . . 21781 845 1 The the DT 21781 845 2 figure figure NN 21781 845 3 shows show VBZ 21781 845 4 the the DT 21781 845 5 fibre fibre NN 21781 845 6 ruptured rupture VBD 21781 845 7 , , , 21781 845 8 in in IN 21781 845 9 order order NN 21781 845 10 to to TO 21781 845 11 display display VB 21781 845 12 the the DT 21781 845 13 sarcolemma sarcolemma NN 21781 845 14 ; ; : 21781 845 15 e.p e.p NNP 21781 845 16 . . . 21781 846 1 is be VBZ 21781 846 2 the the DT 21781 846 3 end end NN 21781 846 4 plate plate NN 21781 846 5 of of IN 21781 846 6 a a DT 21781 846 7 nerve nerve NN 21781 846 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 846 9 n.v n.v NNP 21781 846 10 . . NNP 21781 846 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 846 12 , , , 21781 846 13 and and CC 21781 846 14 fb fb NNP 21781 846 15 . . . 21781 847 1 are be VBP 21781 847 2 the the DT 21781 847 3 fibrillae fibrillae NNP 21781 847 4 into into IN 21781 847 5 which which WDT 21781 847 6 a a DT 21781 847 7 fibre fibre NN 21781 847 8 may may MD 21781 847 9 be be VB 21781 847 10 teased tease VBN 21781 847 11 . . . 21781 848 1 Section section NN 21781 848 2 98 98 CD 21781 848 3 . . . 21781 849 1 In in IN 21781 849 2 the the DT 21781 849 3 heart heart NN 21781 849 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 849 5 have have VBP 21781 849 6 an an DT 21781 849 7 intermediate intermediate JJ 21781 849 8 kind kind NN 21781 849 9 of of IN 21781 849 10 muscle muscle NN 21781 849 11 cardiac cardiac JJ 21781 849 12 muscle muscle NN 21781 849 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 849 14 Figure Figure NNP 21781 849 15 2 2 CD 21781 849 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 849 17 , , , 21781 849 18 in in IN 21781 849 19 which which WDT 21781 849 20 the the DT 21781 849 21 muscle muscle NN 21781 849 22 fibres fibre VBZ 21781 849 23 branch branch NN 21781 849 24 ; ; : 21781 849 25 there there EX 21781 849 26 is be VBZ 21781 849 27 apparently apparently RB 21781 849 28 no no DT 21781 849 29 sarcolemma sarcolemma NN 21781 849 30 , , , 21781 849 31 and and CC 21781 849 32 the the DT 21781 849 33 undivided undivided JJ 21781 849 34 nuclei nucleus NNS 21781 849 35 lie lie VBP 21781 849 36 in in IN 21781 849 37 the the DT 21781 849 38 centre centre NN 21781 849 39 of of IN 21781 849 40 the the DT 21781 849 41 cell cell NN 21781 849 42 . . . 21781 850 1 Section section NN 21781 850 2 99 99 CD 21781 850 3 . . . 21781 851 1 Unstriated unstriated JJ 21781 851 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 851 3 is be VBZ 21781 851 4 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 851 5 called call VBN 21781 851 6 involuntary involuntary JJ 21781 851 7 , , , 21781 851 8 and and CC 21781 851 9 striated striated JJ 21781 851 10 , , , 21781 851 11 voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 851 12 muscle muscle NN 21781 851 13 ; ; : 21781 851 14 but but CC 21781 851 15 there there EX 21781 851 16 is be VBZ 21781 851 17 really really RB 21781 851 18 not not RB 21781 851 19 the the DT 21781 851 20 connexion connexion NN 21781 851 21 with with IN 21781 851 22 the the DT 21781 851 23 will will NN 21781 851 24 that that IN 21781 851 25 these these DT 21781 851 26 terms term NNS 21781 851 27 suggest suggest VBP 21781 851 28 . . . 21781 852 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 852 2 have have VBP 21781 852 3 just just RB 21781 852 4 mentioned mention VBN 21781 852 5 that that IN 21781 852 6 the the DT 21781 852 7 heart heart NN 21781 852 8 - - HYPH 21781 852 9 muscle muscle NN 21781 852 10 is be VBZ 21781 852 11 striated striate VBN 21781 852 12 , , , 21781 852 13 but but CC 21781 852 14 who who WP 21781 852 15 can can MD 21781 852 16 alter alter VB 21781 852 17 the the DT 21781 852 18 beating beating NN 21781 852 19 of of IN 21781 852 20 the the DT 21781 852 21 heart heart NN 21781 852 22 by by IN 21781 852 23 force force NN 21781 852 24 of of IN 21781 852 25 will will NN 21781 852 26 ? ? . 21781 853 1 And and CC 21781 853 2 the the DT 21781 853 3 striated striated JJ 21781 853 4 muscles muscle NNS 21781 853 5 of of IN 21781 853 6 the the DT 21781 853 7 limbs limb NNS 21781 853 8 perform perform VBP 21781 853 9 , , , 21781 853 10 endless endless JJ 21781 853 11 involuntary involuntary JJ 21781 853 12 acts act NNS 21781 853 13 . . . 21781 854 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 854 2 would would MD 21781 854 3 seem seem VB 21781 854 4 that that IN 21781 854 5 unstriated unstriated JJ 21781 854 6 muscle muscle NN 21781 854 7 contracts contract NNS 21781 854 8 slowly slowly RB 21781 854 9 , , , 21781 854 10 and and CC 21781 854 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 854 12 find find VBP 21781 854 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 854 14 especially especially RB 21781 854 15 among among IN 21781 854 16 the the DT 21781 854 17 viscera viscera NN 21781 854 18 ; ; : 21781 854 19 in in IN 21781 854 20 the the DT 21781 854 21 intestine intestine NN 21781 854 22 for for IN 21781 854 23 instance instance NN 21781 854 24 , , , 21781 854 25 where where WRB 21781 854 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 854 27 controls control VBZ 21781 854 28 that that IN 21781 854 29 " " `` 21781 854 30 peristaltic peristaltic JJ 21781 854 31 " " '' 21781 854 32 movement movement NN 21781 854 33 which which WDT 21781 854 34 pushes push VBZ 21781 854 35 the the DT 21781 854 36 food food NN 21781 854 37 forward forward RB 21781 854 38 . . . 21781 855 1 Voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 855 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 855 3 , , , 21781 855 4 on on IN 21781 855 5 the the DT 21781 855 6 other other JJ 21781 855 7 hand hand NN 21781 855 8 , , , 21781 855 9 has have VBZ 21781 855 10 a a DT 21781 855 11 sharp sharp JJ 21781 855 12 contraction contraction NN 21781 855 13 . . . 21781 856 1 The the DT 21781 856 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 856 3 of of IN 21781 856 4 the the DT 21781 856 5 slow slow RB 21781 856 6 - - HYPH 21781 856 7 moving move VBG 21781 856 8 snails snail NNS 21781 856 9 , , , 21781 856 10 slugs slug NNS 21781 856 11 , , , 21781 856 12 and and CC 21781 856 13 mussels mussel NNS 21781 856 14 is be VBZ 21781 856 15 unstriated unstriated JJ 21781 856 16 ; ; : 21781 856 17 all all PDT 21781 856 18 the the DT 21781 856 19 muscle muscle NN 21781 856 20 of of IN 21781 856 21 the the DT 21781 856 22 active active JJ 21781 856 23 insects insect NNS 21781 856 24 and and CC 21781 856 25 crustacea crustacea NNP 21781 856 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 856 27 crabs crabs NNP 21781 856 28 , , , 21781 856 29 lobsters lobster NNS 21781 856 30 , , , 21781 856 31 and and CC 21781 856 32 crayfish crayfish NN 21781 856 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 856 34 is be VBZ 21781 856 35 striated striate VBN 21781 856 36 . . . 21781 857 1 Still still RB 21781 857 2 if if IN 21781 857 3 the the DT 21781 857 4 student student NN 21781 857 5 bears bear VBZ 21781 857 6 the the DT 21781 857 7 exception exception NN 21781 857 8 of of IN 21781 857 9 the the DT 21781 857 10 heart heart NN 21781 857 11 in in IN 21781 857 12 mind mind NN 21781 857 13 , , , 21781 857 14 and and CC 21781 857 15 considers consider VBZ 21781 857 16 muscles muscle NNS 21781 857 17 as as IN 21781 857 18 " " `` 21781 857 19 voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 857 20 " " '' 21781 857 21 that that IN 21781 857 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 857 23 will will NN 21781 857 24 can can MD 21781 857 25 reach reach VB 21781 857 26 , , , 21781 857 27 the the DT 21781 857 28 terms term NNS 21781 857 29 voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 857 30 and and CC 21781 857 31 involuntary involuntary JJ 21781 857 32 will will MD 21781 857 33 serve serve VB 21781 857 34 to to TO 21781 857 35 give give VB 21781 857 36 him -PRON- PRP 21781 857 37 an an DT 21781 857 38 idea idea NN 21781 857 39 of of IN 21781 857 40 the the DT 21781 857 41 distribution distribution NN 21781 857 42 of of IN 21781 857 43 these these DT 21781 857 44 two two CD 21781 857 45 types type NNS 21781 857 46 of of IN 21781 857 47 muscle muscle NN 21781 857 48 in in IN 21781 857 49 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 857 50 own own JJ 21781 857 51 body body NN 21781 857 52 , , , 21781 857 53 and and CC 21781 857 54 in in IN 21781 857 55 that that DT 21781 857 56 of of IN 21781 857 57 the the DT 21781 857 58 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 857 59 . . . 21781 858 1 Section section NN 21781 858 2 100 100 CD 21781 858 3 . . . 21781 859 1 Muscular muscular JJ 21781 859 2 contraction contraction NN 21781 859 3 , , , 21781 859 4 and and CC 21781 859 5 generally generally RB 21781 859 6 all all DT 21781 859 7 activity activity NN 21781 859 8 in in IN 21781 859 9 the the DT 21781 859 10 body body NN 21781 859 11 is be VBZ 21781 859 12 accompanied accompany VBN 21781 859 13 by by IN 21781 859 14 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 859 15 . . . 21781 860 1 The the DT 21781 860 2 medium medium NN 21781 860 3 by by IN 21781 860 4 which which WDT 21781 860 5 these these DT 21781 860 6 katabolic katabolic JJ 21781 860 7 changes change NNS 21781 860 8 are be VBP 21781 860 9 set set VBN 21781 860 10 going go VBG 21781 860 11 and and CC 21781 860 12 controlled control VBN 21781 860 13 is be VBZ 21781 860 14 the the DT 21781 860 15 nervous nervous JJ 21781 860 16 system system NN 21781 860 17 . . . 21781 861 1 The the DT 21781 861 2 nervous nervous JJ 21781 861 3 system system NN 21781 861 4 holds hold VBZ 21781 861 5 the the DT 21781 861 6 whole whole JJ 21781 861 7 body body NN 21781 861 8 together together RB 21781 861 9 in in IN 21781 861 10 one one CD 21781 861 11 harmonious harmonious JJ 21781 861 12 whole whole NN 21781 861 13 ; ; : 21781 861 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 861 15 is be VBZ 21781 861 16 the the DT 21781 861 17 governing govern VBG 21781 861 18 organization organization NN 21781 861 19 of of IN 21781 861 20 the the DT 21781 861 21 multicellular multicellular NN 21781 861 22 community community NN 21781 861 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 861 24 Section section NN 21781 861 25 55 55 CD 21781 861 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 861 27 , , , 21781 861 28 and and CC 21781 861 29 the the DT 21781 861 30 supreme supreme JJ 21781 861 31 head head NN 21781 861 32 of of IN 21781 861 33 the the DT 21781 861 34 government government NN 21781 861 35 resides reside VBZ 21781 861 36 in in IN 21781 861 37 the the DT 21781 861 38 brain brain NN 21781 861 39 , , , 21781 861 40 and and CC 21781 861 41 is be VBZ 21781 861 42 called call VBN 21781 861 43 the the DT 21781 861 44 mind mind NN 21781 861 45 . . . 21781 862 1 But but CC 21781 862 2 just just RB 21781 862 3 as as IN 21781 862 4 in in IN 21781 862 5 a a DT 21781 862 6 political political JJ 21781 862 7 state state NN 21781 862 8 only only RB 21781 862 9 the the DT 21781 862 10 most most RBS 21781 862 11 important important JJ 21781 862 12 and and CC 21781 862 13 most most RBS 21781 862 14 exceptional exceptional JJ 21781 862 15 duties duty NNS 21781 862 16 are be VBP 21781 862 17 performed perform VBN 21781 862 18 by by IN 21781 862 19 the the DT 21781 862 20 imperial imperial JJ 21781 862 21 body body NN 21781 862 22 , , , 21781 862 23 and and CC 21781 862 24 minor minor JJ 21781 862 25 matters matter NNS 21781 862 26 and and CC 21781 862 27 questions question NNS 21781 862 28 of of IN 21781 862 29 routine routine NN 21781 862 30 are be VBP 21781 862 31 referred refer VBN 21781 862 32 to to IN 21781 862 33 boards board NNS 21781 862 34 and and CC 21781 862 35 local local JJ 21781 862 36 authorities authority NNS 21781 862 37 , , , 21781 862 38 so so CC 21781 862 39 the the DT 21781 862 40 mind mind NN 21781 862 41 takes take VBZ 21781 862 42 cognisance cognisance NN 21781 862 43 only only RB 21781 862 44 of of IN 21781 862 45 a a DT 21781 862 46 few few JJ 21781 862 47 of of IN 21781 862 48 the the DT 21781 862 49 higher high JJR 21781 862 50 concerns concern NNS 21781 862 51 of of IN 21781 862 52 the the DT 21781 862 53 animal animal NN 21781 862 54 , , , 21781 862 55 and and CC 21781 862 56 a a DT 21781 862 57 large large JJ 21781 862 58 amount amount NN 21781 862 59 of of IN 21781 862 60 the the DT 21781 862 61 work work NN 21781 862 62 of of IN 21781 862 63 the the DT 21781 862 64 nervous nervous JJ 21781 862 65 system system NN 21781 862 66 goes go VBZ 21781 862 67 on on RP 21781 862 68 insensibly insensibly RB 21781 862 69 , , , 21781 862 70 in in IN 21781 862 71 a a DT 21781 862 72 perfectly perfectly RB 21781 862 73 automatic automatic JJ 21781 862 74 way-- way-- NN 21781 862 75 even even RB 21781 862 76 much much RB 21781 862 77 that that DT 21781 862 78 occurs occur VBZ 21781 862 79 in in IN 21781 862 80 the the DT 21781 862 81 brain brain NN 21781 862 82 . . . 21781 863 1 Section section NN 21781 863 2 101 101 CD 21781 863 3 . . . 21781 864 1 The the DT 21781 864 2 primary primary JJ 21781 864 3 elements element NNS 21781 864 4 in in IN 21781 864 5 the the DT 21781 864 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 864 7 of of IN 21781 864 8 the the DT 21781 864 9 nervous nervous JJ 21781 864 10 system system NN 21781 864 11 are be VBP 21781 864 12 three three CD 21781 864 13 ; ; : 21781 864 14 nerve nerve NN 21781 864 15 fibres fibre NNS 21781 864 16 , , , 21781 864 17 which which WDT 21781 864 18 are be VBP 21781 864 19 simply simply RB 21781 864 20 conducting conduct VBG 21781 864 21 threads thread NNS 21781 864 22 , , , 21781 864 23 telegraph telegraph NN 21781 864 24 wires wire NNS 21781 864 25 ; ; : 21781 864 26 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 864 27 cells cell NNS 21781 864 28 , , , 21781 864 29 which which WDT 21781 864 30 are be VBP 21781 864 31 the the DT 21781 864 32 officials official NNS 21781 864 33 of of IN 21781 864 34 the the DT 21781 864 35 system system NN 21781 864 36 ; ; : 21781 864 37 and and CC 21781 864 38 neuroglia neuroglia NNP 21781 864 39 , , , 21781 864 40 a a DT 21781 864 41 fine fine JJ 21781 864 42 variety variety NN 21781 864 43 of of IN 21781 864 44 connective connective JJ 21781 864 45 tissue tissue NN 21781 864 46 which which WDT 21781 864 47 holds hold VBZ 21781 864 48 these these DT 21781 864 49 other other JJ 21781 864 50 elements element NNS 21781 864 51 together together RB 21781 864 52 , , , 21781 864 53 and and CC 21781 864 54 may may MD 21781 864 55 also also RB 21781 864 56 possibly possibly RB 21781 864 57 exercise exercise VB 21781 864 58 a a DT 21781 864 59 function function NN 21781 864 60 in in IN 21781 864 61 affecting affect VBG 21781 864 62 impressions impression NNS 21781 864 63 . . . 21781 865 1 A a DT 21781 865 2 message message NN 21781 865 3 along along IN 21781 865 4 a a DT 21781 865 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 865 6 to to IN 21781 865 7 a a DT 21781 865 8 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 865 9 cell cell NN 21781 865 10 is be VBZ 21781 865 11 an an DT 21781 865 12 afferent afferent NN 21781 865 13 impression impression NN 21781 865 14 , , , 21781 865 15 from from IN 21781 865 16 a a DT 21781 865 17 cell cell NN 21781 865 18 to to IN 21781 865 19 a a DT 21781 865 20 muscle muscle NN 21781 865 21 or or CC 21781 865 22 other other JJ 21781 865 23 external external JJ 21781 865 24 end end NN 21781 865 25 is be VBZ 21781 865 26 an an DT 21781 865 27 efferent efferent JJ 21781 865 28 impression impression NN 21781 865 29 . . . 21781 866 1 The the DT 21781 866 2 passage passage NN 21781 866 3 of of IN 21781 866 4 an an DT 21781 866 5 impression impression NN 21781 866 6 may may MD 21781 866 7 be be VB 21781 866 8 defined define VBN 21781 866 9 as as IN 21781 866 10 a a DT 21781 866 11 flash flash NN 21781 866 12 of of IN 21781 866 13 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 866 14 along along IN 21781 866 15 the the DT 21781 866 16 nerve nerve NN 21781 866 17 , , , 21781 866 18 and and CC 21781 866 19 so so RB 21781 866 20 every every DT 21781 866 21 feeling feeling NN 21781 866 22 , , , 21781 866 23 thought thought NN 21781 866 24 , , , 21781 866 25 and and CC 21781 866 26 determination determination NN 21781 866 27 involves involve VBZ 21781 866 28 the the DT 21781 866 29 formation formation NN 21781 866 30 of of IN 21781 866 31 a a DT 21781 866 32 certain certain JJ 21781 866 33 quantity quantity NN 21781 866 34 of of IN 21781 866 35 katastases katastase NNS 21781 866 36 , , , 21781 866 37 and and CC 21781 866 38 the the DT 21781 866 39 necessity necessity NN 21781 866 40 for for IN 21781 866 41 air air NN 21781 866 42 and and CC 21781 866 43 nutrition nutrition NN 21781 866 44 . . . 21781 867 1 Section section NN 21781 867 2 102 102 CD 21781 867 3 . . . 21781 868 1 Unlike unlike IN 21781 868 2 telegraph telegraph NN 21781 868 3 wires wire NNS 21781 868 4 , , , 21781 868 5 to to TO 21781 868 6 which which WDT 21781 868 7 they -PRON- PRP 21781 868 8 are be VBP 21781 868 9 often often RB 21781 868 10 compared compare VBN 21781 868 11 , , , 21781 868 12 nervous nervous JJ 21781 868 13 fibres fibre NNS 21781 868 14 usually usually RB 21781 868 15 convey convey VBP 21781 868 16 impressions impression NNS 21781 868 17 only only RB 21781 868 18 in in IN 21781 868 19 one one CD 21781 868 20 direction direction NN 21781 868 21 , , , 21781 868 22 either either CC 21781 868 23 centrally centrally RB 21781 868 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 868 25 afferent afferent NN 21781 868 26 or or CC 21781 868 27 sensory sensory JJ 21781 868 28 nerve nerve NN 21781 868 29 fibres fibre NNS 21781 868 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 868 31 , , , 21781 868 32 or or CC 21781 868 33 outwardly outwardly RB 21781 868 34 ( ( -LRB- 21781 868 35 efferent efferent NN 21781 868 36 or or CC 21781 868 37 motor motor NN 21781 868 38 nerve nerve NN 21781 868 39 fibres fibre NNS 21781 868 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 868 41 . . . 21781 869 1 But but CC 21781 869 2 the the DT 21781 869 3 so so RB 21781 869 4 - - HYPH 21781 869 5 called call VBN 21781 869 6 motor motor NN 21781 869 7 nerve nerve NN 21781 869 8 fibres fibre NNS 21781 869 9 include include VBP 21781 869 10 not not RB 21781 869 11 only only RB 21781 869 12 those those DT 21781 869 13 that that WDT 21781 869 14 set set VBD 21781 869 15 muscles muscle NNS 21781 869 16 in in IN 21781 869 17 motion motion NN 21781 869 18 , , , 21781 869 19 but but CC 21781 869 20 those those DT 21781 869 21 that that WDT 21781 869 22 excite excite VBP 21781 869 23 secretion secretion NN 21781 869 24 , , , 21781 869 25 check check VBP 21781 869 26 impulsive impulsive JJ 21781 869 27 movements movement NNS 21781 869 28 , , , 21781 869 29 and and CC 21781 869 30 govern govern VBP 21781 869 31 nutrition nutrition NN 21781 869 32 . . . 21781 870 1 Section section NN 21781 870 2 103 103 CD 21781 870 3 . . . 21781 871 1 Figure figure NN 21781 871 2 7 7 CD 21781 871 3 , , , 21781 871 4 Sheet sheet NN 21781 871 5 8 8 CD 21781 871 6 , , , 21781 871 7 shows show VBZ 21781 871 8 the the DT 21781 871 9 typical typical JJ 21781 871 10 structure structure NN 21781 871 11 of of IN 21781 871 12 nervous nervous JJ 21781 871 13 tissues tissue NNS 21781 871 14 . . . 21781 872 1 The the DT 21781 872 2 nerve nerve NN 21781 872 3 fibres fibre NNS 21781 872 4 there there RB 21781 872 5 figured figure VBN 21781 872 6 are be VBP 21781 872 7 bound bind VBN 21781 872 8 together together RB 21781 872 9 by by IN 21781 872 10 endoneurium endoneurium NN 21781 872 11 into into IN 21781 872 12 small small JJ 21781 872 13 ropes rope NNS 21781 872 14 , , , 21781 872 15 the the DT 21781 872 16 nerves nerve NNS 21781 872 17 , , , 21781 872 18 encased encase VBN 21781 872 19 in in IN 21781 872 20 perineurium perineurium NN 21781 872 21 . . . 21781 873 1 There there EX 21781 873 2 is be VBZ 21781 873 3 always always RB 21781 873 4 a a DT 21781 873 5 grey grey NN 21781 873 6 axis axis NNP 21781 873 7 cylinder cylinder NN 21781 873 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 873 9 a.c a.c NNP 21781 873 10 . . NNP 21781 873 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 873 12 , , , 21781 873 13 which which WDT 21781 873 14 may may MD 21781 873 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 873 16 in in IN 21781 873 17 medullated medullate VBN 21781 873 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 873 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 873 20 , , , 21781 873 21 or or CC 21781 873 22 may may MD 21781 873 23 not not RB 21781 873 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 873 25 in in IN 21781 873 26 non non JJ 21781 873 27 - - JJ 21781 873 28 medullated medullated JJ 21781 873 29 or or CC 21781 873 30 grey grey JJ 21781 873 31 nerves nerve NNS 21781 873 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 873 33 have have VBP 21781 873 34 a a DT 21781 873 35 medullary medullary JJ 21781 873 36 sheath sheath NN 21781 873 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 873 38 s s NNP 21781 873 39 . . . 21781 873 40 S. S. NNP 21781 873 41 ) ) -RRB- 21781 873 42 interrupted interrupt VBD 21781 873 43 at at IN 21781 873 44 intervals interval NNS 21781 873 45 by by IN 21781 873 46 the the DT 21781 873 47 nodes node NNS 21781 873 48 of of IN 21781 873 49 Ranvier Ranvier NNP 21781 873 50 ( ( -LRB- 21781 873 51 n n NN 21781 873 52 . . . 21781 873 53 R. R. NNP 21781 873 54 ) ) -RRB- 21781 873 55 . . . 21781 874 1 Nuclei Nuclei NNP 21781 874 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 874 3 n. n. NNP 21781 874 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 874 5 at at IN 21781 874 6 intervals interval NNS 21781 874 7 under under IN 21781 874 8 the the DT 21781 874 9 sheath sheath NN 21781 874 10 indicate indicate VBP 21781 874 11 the the DT 21781 874 12 cells cell NNS 21781 874 13 from from IN 21781 874 14 which which WDT 21781 874 15 nerve nerve NN 21781 874 16 fibres fibre NNS 21781 874 17 are be VBP 21781 874 18 derived derive VBN 21781 874 19 by by IN 21781 874 20 a a DT 21781 874 21 process process NN 21781 874 22 of of IN 21781 874 23 elongation elongation NN 21781 874 24 . . . 21781 875 1 The the DT 21781 875 2 nerves nerve NNS 21781 875 3 of of IN 21781 875 4 invertebrata invertebrata NN 21781 875 5 , , , 21781 875 6 where where WRB 21781 875 7 they -PRON- PRP 21781 875 8 possess possess VBP 21781 875 9 nerves nerve NNS 21781 875 10 , , , 21781 875 11 are be VBP 21781 875 12 mostly mostly RB 21781 875 13 grey grey JJ 21781 875 14 , , , 21781 875 15 and and CC 21781 875 16 so so RB 21781 875 17 are be VBP 21781 875 18 those those DT 21781 875 19 of of IN 21781 875 20 the the DT 21781 875 21 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 875 22 system system NN 21781 875 23 of of IN 21781 875 24 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 875 25 , , , 21781 875 26 to to TO 21781 875 27 be be VB 21781 875 28 presently presently RB 21781 875 29 described describe VBN 21781 875 30 , , , 21781 875 31 g.c g.c NNP 21781 875 32 . . NNP 21781 875 33 , , , 21781 875 34 g.c g.c NNP 21781 875 35 . . . 21781 876 1 are be VBP 21781 876 2 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 876 3 cells cell NNS 21781 876 4 ; ; : 21781 876 5 they -PRON- PRP 21781 876 6 may may MD 21781 876 7 have have VB 21781 876 8 many many JJ 21781 876 9 hair hair NN 21781 876 10 - - HYPH 21781 876 11 like like JJ 21781 876 12 processes process NNS 21781 876 13 , , , 21781 876 14 usually usually RB 21781 876 15 running run VBG 21781 876 16 into into IN 21781 876 17 continuity continuity NN 21781 876 18 with with IN 21781 876 19 the the DT 21781 876 20 axis axis JJ 21781 876 21 cylinders cylinder NNS 21781 876 22 of of IN 21781 876 23 nerve nerve NN 21781 876 24 fibres fibre NNS 21781 876 25 , , , 21781 876 26 in in IN 21781 876 27 which which WDT 21781 876 28 case case NN 21781 876 29 they -PRON- PRP 21781 876 30 are be VBP 21781 876 31 called call VBN 21781 876 32 multi multi JJ 21781 876 33 - - JJ 21781 876 34 polar polar JJ 21781 876 35 cells cell NNS 21781 876 36 , , , 21781 876 37 or or CC 21781 876 38 they -PRON- PRP 21781 876 39 may may MD 21781 876 40 be be VB 21781 876 41 uni- uni- JJ 21781 876 42 or or CC 21781 876 43 bi bi JJ 21781 876 44 - - JJ 21781 876 45 polar polar JJ 21781 876 46 . . . 21781 877 1 Section section NN 21781 877 2 104 104 CD 21781 877 3 . . . 21781 878 1 The the DT 21781 878 2 simplest simple JJS 21781 878 3 example example NN 21781 878 4 of of IN 21781 878 5 the the DT 21781 878 6 action action NN 21781 878 7 of of IN 21781 878 8 the the DT 21781 878 9 nervous nervous JJ 21781 878 10 system system NN 21781 878 11 is be VBZ 21781 878 12 reflex reflex JJ 21781 878 13 action action NN 21781 878 14 . . . 21781 879 1 For for IN 21781 879 2 instance instance NN 21781 879 3 , , , 21781 879 4 when when WRB 21781 879 5 the the DT 21781 879 6 foot foot NN 21781 879 7 of of IN 21781 879 8 a a DT 21781 879 9 frog frog NN 21781 879 10 , , , 21781 879 11 or or CC 21781 879 12 the the DT 21781 879 13 hand hand NN 21781 879 14 of of IN 21781 879 15 a a DT 21781 879 16 soundly soundly RB 21781 879 17 sleeping sleep VBG 21781 879 18 person person NN 21781 879 19 , , , 21781 879 20 is be VBZ 21781 879 21 tickled tickle VBN 21781 879 22 very very RB 21781 879 23 gently gently RB 21781 879 24 , , , 21781 879 25 the the DT 21781 879 26 limb limb NN 21781 879 27 is be VBZ 21781 879 28 moved move VBN 21781 879 29 away away RB 21781 879 30 from from IN 21781 879 31 the the DT 21781 879 32 irritation irritation NN 21781 879 33 , , , 21781 879 34 without without IN 21781 879 35 any any DT 21781 879 36 mental mental JJ 21781 879 37 action action NN 21781 879 38 , , , 21781 879 39 and and CC 21781 879 40 entirely entirely RB 21781 879 41 without without IN 21781 879 42 will will NN 21781 879 43 being be VBG 21781 879 44 exercised exercise VBN 21781 879 45 . . . 21781 880 1 And and CC 21781 880 2 when when WRB 21781 880 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 880 4 go go VBP 21781 880 5 from from IN 21781 880 6 light light NN 21781 880 7 into into IN 21781 880 8 darkness darkness NN 21781 880 9 , , , 21781 880 10 the the DT 21781 880 11 pupil pupil NN 21781 880 12 of of IN 21781 880 13 the the DT 21781 880 14 eye eye NN 21781 880 15 enlarges enlarge NNS 21781 880 16 , , , 21781 880 17 without without IN 21781 880 18 any any DT 21781 880 19 direct direct JJ 21781 880 20 consciousness consciousness NN 21781 880 21 of of IN 21781 880 22 the the DT 21781 880 23 change change NN 21781 880 24 of of IN 21781 880 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 880 26 shape shape NN 21781 880 27 on on IN 21781 880 28 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 880 29 part part NN 21781 880 30 . . . 21781 881 1 Similarly similarly RB 21781 881 2 , , , 21781 881 3 the the DT 21781 881 4 presence presence NN 21781 881 5 or or CC 21781 881 6 food food NN 21781 881 7 in in IN 21781 881 8 the the DT 21781 881 9 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 881 10 initiates initiate VBZ 21781 881 11 a a DT 21781 881 12 series series NN 21781 881 13 of of IN 21781 881 14 movements-- movements-- JJ 21781 881 15 swallowing swallowing NN 21781 881 16 , , , 21781 881 17 the the DT 21781 881 18 digestive digestive JJ 21781 881 19 movements movement NNS 21781 881 20 , , , 21781 881 21 and and CC 21781 881 22 so so RB 21781 881 23 on-- on-- NNP 21781 881 24 which which WDT 21781 881 25 in in IN 21781 881 26 health health NN 21781 881 27 are be VBP 21781 881 28 entirely entirely RB 21781 881 29 beyond beyond IN 21781 881 30 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 881 31 mental mental JJ 21781 881 32 scope scope NN 21781 881 33 . . . 21781 882 1 Section section NN 21781 882 2 105 105 CD 21781 882 3 . . . 21781 883 1 A a DT 21781 883 2 vast vast JJ 21781 883 3 amount amount NN 21781 883 4 of of IN 21781 883 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 883 6 activities activity NNS 21781 883 7 are be VBP 21781 883 8 reflex reflex JJ 21781 883 9 , , , 21781 883 10 and and CC 21781 883 11 in in IN 21781 883 12 such such JJ 21781 883 13 action action NN 21781 883 14 an an DT 21781 883 15 efferent efferent JJ 21781 883 16 stimulus stimulus NN 21781 883 17 follows follow VBZ 21781 883 18 an an DT 21781 883 19 afferent afferent NN 21781 883 20 promptly promptly RB 21781 883 21 and and CC 21781 883 22 quite quite RB 21781 883 23 mechanically mechanically RB 21781 883 24 . . . 21781 884 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 884 2 is be VBZ 21781 884 3 only only RB 21781 884 4 where where WRB 21781 884 5 efferent efferent JJ 21781 884 6 stimuli stimulus NNS 21781 884 7 do do VBP 21781 884 8 not not RB 21781 884 9 immediately immediately RB 21781 884 10 become become VB 21781 884 11 entirely entirely RB 21781 884 12 transmuted transmute VBN 21781 884 13 into into IN 21781 884 14 outwardly outwardly RB 21781 884 15 moving move VBG 21781 884 16 impulses impulse NNS 21781 884 17 that that IN 21781 884 18 mental mental JJ 21781 884 19 action action NN 21781 884 20 comes come VBZ 21781 884 21 in in RB 21781 884 22 and and CC 21781 884 23 an an DT 21781 884 24 animal animal NN 21781 884 25 feels feel VBZ 21781 884 26 . . . 21781 885 1 There there EX 21781 885 2 appears appear VBZ 21781 885 3 to to TO 21781 885 4 be be VB 21781 885 5 a a DT 21781 885 6 direct direct JJ 21781 885 7 relation relation NN 21781 885 8 between between IN 21781 885 9 sensation sensation NN 21781 885 10 and and CC 21781 885 11 motion motion NN 21781 885 12 . . . 21781 886 1 For for IN 21781 886 2 instance instance NN 21781 886 3 , , , 21781 886 4 the the DT 21781 886 5 shrieks shriek NNS 21781 886 6 and and CC 21781 886 7 other other JJ 21781 886 8 instinctive instinctive JJ 21781 886 9 violent violent JJ 21781 886 10 motions motion NNS 21781 886 11 produced produce VBN 21781 886 12 by by IN 21781 886 13 pain pain NN 21781 886 14 , , , 21781 886 15 " " '' 21781 886 16 shunt shunt VB 21781 886 17 off off RP 21781 886 18 " " `` 21781 886 19 a a DT 21781 886 20 certain certain JJ 21781 886 21 amount amount NN 21781 886 22 of of IN 21781 886 23 nervous nervous JJ 21781 886 24 impression impression NN 21781 886 25 that that WDT 21781 886 26 would would MD 21781 886 27 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 886 28 register register VB 21781 886 29 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 886 30 as as IN 21781 886 31 additional additional JJ 21781 886 32 painful painful JJ 21781 886 33 sensation sensation NN 21781 886 34 . . . 21781 887 1 Similarly similarly RB 21781 887 2 most most JJS 21781 887 3 women woman NNS 21781 887 4 and and CC 21781 887 5 children child NNS 21781 887 6 understand understand VBP 21781 887 7 the the DT 21781 887 8 comfort comfort NN 21781 887 9 of of IN 21781 887 10 a a DT 21781 887 11 " " `` 21781 887 12 good good JJ 21781 887 13 cry cry NN 21781 887 14 , , , 21781 887 15 " " '' 21781 887 16 and and CC 21781 887 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 887 18 benefit benefit NN 21781 887 19 in in IN 21781 887 20 shifting shift VBG 21781 887 21 off off RP 21781 887 22 a a DT 21781 887 23 disagreeable disagreeable JJ 21781 887 24 mental mental JJ 21781 887 25 state state NN 21781 887 26 . . . 21781 888 1 Section section NN 21781 888 2 106 106 CD 21781 888 3 . . . 21781 889 1 The the DT 21781 889 2 mind mind NN 21781 889 3 receives receive VBZ 21781 889 4 and and CC 21781 889 5 stores store NNS 21781 889 6 impressions impression NNS 21781 889 7 , , , 21781 889 8 and and CC 21781 889 9 these these DT 21781 889 10 accumulated accumulate VBN 21781 889 11 experiences experience NNS 21781 889 12 are be VBP 21781 889 13 the the DT 21781 889 14 basis basis NN 21781 889 15 of of IN 21781 889 16 memory memory NN 21781 889 17 , , , 21781 889 18 comparison comparison NN 21781 889 19 , , , 21781 889 20 imagination imagination NN 21781 889 21 , , , 21781 889 22 thought thought NN 21781 889 23 , , , 21781 889 24 and and CC 21781 889 25 apparently apparently RB 21781 889 26 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 21781 889 27 will will NN 21781 889 28 . . . 21781 890 1 Voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 890 2 actions action NNS 21781 890 3 differ differ VBP 21781 890 4 from from IN 21781 890 5 reflex reflex NNP 21781 890 6 by by IN 21781 890 7 the the DT 21781 890 8 interposition interposition NN 21781 890 9 of of IN 21781 890 10 this this DT 21781 890 11 previously previously RB 21781 890 12 stored store VBN 21781 890 13 factor factor NN 21781 890 14 . . . 21781 891 1 For for IN 21781 891 2 instance instance NN 21781 891 3 , , , 21781 891 4 when when WRB 21781 891 5 a a DT 21781 891 6 frog frog NN 21781 891 7 sees see VBZ 21781 891 8 a a DT 21781 891 9 small small JJ 21781 891 10 object object NN 21781 891 11 in in IN 21781 891 12 front front NN 21781 891 13 of of IN 21781 891 14 him -PRON- PRP 21781 891 15 , , , 21781 891 16 that that DT 21781 891 17 may may MD 21781 891 18 or or CC 21781 891 19 may may MD 21781 891 20 not not RB 21781 891 21 be be VB 21781 891 22 an an DT 21781 891 23 edible edible JJ 21781 891 24 insect insect NN 21781 891 25 , , , 21781 891 26 the the DT 21781 891 27 direct direct JJ 21781 891 28 visual visual JJ 21781 891 29 impression impression NN 21781 891 30 does do VBZ 21781 891 31 not not RB 21781 891 32 directly directly RB 21781 891 33 determine determine VB 21781 891 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 891 35 subsequent subsequent JJ 21781 891 36 action action NN 21781 891 37 . . . 21781 892 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 892 2 revives revive VBZ 21781 892 3 a a DT 21781 892 4 number number NN 21781 892 5 of of IN 21781 892 6 previous previous JJ 21781 892 7 experiences experience NNS 21781 892 8 , , , 21781 892 9 an an DT 21781 892 10 image image NN 21781 892 11 already already RB 21781 892 12 stored store VBN 21781 892 13 of of IN 21781 892 14 similar similar JJ 21781 892 15 insects insect NNS 21781 892 16 and and CC 21781 892 17 associated associate VBN 21781 892 18 with with IN 21781 892 19 painful painful JJ 21781 892 20 or or CC 21781 892 21 pleasurable pleasurable JJ 21781 892 22 gustatory gustatory NN 21781 892 23 experiences experience NNS 21781 892 24 . . . 21781 893 1 With with IN 21781 893 2 these these DT 21781 893 3 arise arise VBP 21781 893 4 an an DT 21781 893 5 emotional emotional JJ 21781 893 6 effect effect NN 21781 893 7 of of IN 21781 893 8 desire desire NN 21781 893 9 or or CC 21781 893 10 repulsion repulsion NN 21781 893 11 which which WDT 21781 893 12 , , , 21781 893 13 passes pass VBZ 21781 893 14 into into IN 21781 893 15 action action NN 21781 893 16 of of IN 21781 893 17 capture capture NN 21781 893 18 or or CC 21781 893 19 the the DT 21781 893 20 reverse reverse NN 21781 893 21 . . . 21781 894 1 Section section NN 21781 894 2 107 107 CD 21781 894 3 . . . 21781 895 1 Voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 895 2 actions action NNS 21781 895 3 may may MD 21781 895 4 , , , 21781 895 5 by by IN 21781 895 6 constant constant JJ 21781 895 7 repetition repetition NN 21781 895 8 , , , 21781 895 9 become become VB 21781 895 10 quasi quasi JJ 21781 895 11 - - NN 21781 895 12 reflex reflex NNP 21781 895 13 in in IN 21781 895 14 character character NN 21781 895 15 . . . 21781 896 1 The the DT 21781 896 2 intellectual intellectual JJ 21781 896 3 phase phase NN 21781 896 4 is be VBZ 21781 896 5 abbreviated abbreviate VBN 21781 896 6 away away RB 21781 896 7 . . . 21781 897 1 Habits habit NNS 21781 897 2 are be VBP 21781 897 3 once once RB 21781 897 4 voluntary voluntary JJ 21781 897 5 and and CC 21781 897 6 deliberated deliberated JJ 21781 897 7 actions action NNS 21781 897 8 becoming become VBG 21781 897 9 mechanical mechanical JJ 21781 897 10 in in IN 21781 897 11 this this DT 21781 897 12 way way NN 21781 897 13 , , , 21781 897 14 and and CC 21781 897 15 slipping slip VBG 21781 897 16 out out IN 21781 897 17 of of IN 21781 897 18 the the DT 21781 897 19 sphere sphere NN 21781 897 20 of of IN 21781 897 21 mind mind NN 21781 897 22 . . . 21781 898 1 For for IN 21781 898 2 instance instance NN 21781 898 3 , , , 21781 898 4 many many JJ 21781 898 5 of of IN 21781 898 6 the the DT 21781 898 7 detailed detailed JJ 21781 898 8 movements movement NNS 21781 898 9 of of IN 21781 898 10 writing writing NN 21781 898 11 and and CC 21781 898 12 walking walking NN 21781 898 13 are be VBP 21781 898 14 performed perform VBN 21781 898 15 without without IN 21781 898 16 any any DT 21781 898 17 attention attention NN 21781 898 18 to to IN 21781 898 19 the the DT 21781 898 20 details detail NNS 21781 898 21 . . . 21781 899 1 An an DT 21781 899 2 excessive excessive JJ 21781 899 3 concentration concentration NN 21781 899 4 of of IN 21781 899 5 the the DT 21781 899 6 attention attention NN 21781 899 7 upon upon IN 21781 899 8 one one CD 21781 899 9 thing thing NN 21781 899 10 leads lead VBZ 21781 899 11 to to IN 21781 899 12 absent absent VB 21781 899 13 - - HYPH 21781 899 14 mindedness mindedness NN 21781 899 15 , , , 21781 899 16 and and CC 21781 899 17 to to IN 21781 899 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 899 19 consequent consequent JJ 21781 899 20 absurdities absurdity NNS 21781 899 21 of of IN 21781 899 22 inappropriate inappropriate JJ 21781 899 23 , , , 21781 899 24 because because IN 21781 899 25 imperfectly imperfectly RB 21781 899 26 acquired acquire VBN 21781 899 27 , , , 21781 899 28 reflexes reflex NNS 21781 899 29 . . . 21781 900 1 Section section NN 21781 900 2 108 108 CD 21781 900 3 . . . 21781 901 1 This this DT 21781 901 2 fluctuating fluctuate VBG 21781 901 3 scope scope NN 21781 901 4 of of IN 21781 901 5 mind mind NN 21781 901 6 should should MD 21781 901 7 be be VB 21781 901 8 remembered remember VBN 21781 901 9 , , , 21781 901 10 more more RBR 21781 901 11 especially especially RB 21781 901 12 when when WRB 21781 901 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 901 14 are be VBP 21781 901 15 considering consider VBG 21781 901 16 the the DT 21781 901 17 probable probable JJ 21781 901 18 mental mental JJ 21781 901 19 states state NNS 21781 901 20 of of IN 21781 901 21 the the DT 21781 901 22 lower low JJR 21781 901 23 animals animal NNS 21781 901 24 . . . 21781 902 1 An an DT 21781 902 2 habitual habitual JJ 21781 902 3 or or CC 21781 902 4 reflex reflex JJ 21781 902 5 action action NN 21781 902 6 may may MD 21781 902 7 have have VB 21781 902 8 all all PDT 21781 902 9 the the DT 21781 902 10 outward outward JJ 21781 902 11 appearance appearance NN 21781 902 12 of of IN 21781 902 13 deliberate deliberate JJ 21781 902 14 adjustment adjustment NN 21781 902 15 . . . 21781 903 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 903 2 can can MD 21781 903 3 not not RB 21781 903 4 tell tell VB 21781 903 5 in in IN 21781 903 6 any any DT 21781 903 7 particular particular JJ 21781 903 8 case case NN 21781 903 9 how how WRB 21781 903 10 far far RB 21781 903 11 the the DT 21781 903 12 mental mental NN 21781 903 13 comes come VBZ 21781 903 14 in in RP 21781 903 15 , , , 21781 903 16 or or CC 21781 903 17 whether whether IN 21781 903 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 903 19 comes come VBZ 21781 903 20 in in RP 21781 903 21 at at RB 21781 903 22 all all RB 21781 903 23 . . . 21781 904 1 Seeing see VBG 21781 904 2 that that IN 21781 904 3 in in IN 21781 904 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 904 5 own own JJ 21781 904 6 case case NN 21781 904 7 consciousness consciousness NN 21781 904 8 does do VBZ 21781 904 9 not not RB 21781 904 10 enter enter VB 21781 904 11 into into IN 21781 904 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 904 13 commonest common JJS 21781 904 14 and and CC 21781 904 15 most most RBS 21781 904 16 necessary necessary JJ 21781 904 17 actions action NNS 21781 904 18 , , , 21781 904 19 into into IN 21781 904 20 breathing breathing NN 21781 904 21 and and CC 21781 904 22 digestion digestion NN 21781 904 23 , , , 21781 904 24 for for IN 21781 904 25 instance instance NN 21781 904 26 , , , 21781 904 27 and and CC 21781 904 28 scarcely scarcely RB 21781 904 29 at at RB 21781 904 30 all all RB 21781 904 31 in in IN 21781 904 32 the the DT 21781 904 33 details detail NNS 21781 904 34 of of IN 21781 904 35 such such JJ 21781 904 36 acts act NNS 21781 904 37 as as IN 21781 904 38 walking walk VBG 21781 904 39 and and CC 21781 904 40 talking talk VBG 21781 904 41 we -PRON- PRP 21781 904 42 might may MD 21781 904 43 infer infer VB 21781 904 44 that that IN 21781 904 45 nature nature NN 21781 904 46 was be VBD 21781 904 47 economical economical JJ 21781 904 48 in in IN 21781 904 49 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 904 50 use use NN 21781 904 51 , , , 21781 904 52 and and CC 21781 904 53 that that IN 21781 904 54 in in IN 21781 904 55 the the DT 21781 904 56 case case NN 21781 904 57 of of IN 21781 904 58 such such PDT 21781 904 59 an an DT 21781 904 60 animal animal NN 21781 904 61 as as IN 21781 904 62 the the DT 21781 904 63 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 904 64 , , , 21781 904 65 which which WDT 21781 904 66 follows follow VBZ 21781 904 67 a a DT 21781 904 68 very very RB 21781 904 69 limited limited JJ 21781 904 70 routine routine NN 21781 904 71 , , , 21781 904 72 and and CC 21781 904 73 in in IN 21781 904 74 which which WDT 21781 904 75 scarcely scarcely RB 21781 904 76 any any DT 21781 904 77 versatility versatility NN 21781 904 78 in in IN 21781 904 79 emergencies emergency NNS 21781 904 80 is be VBZ 21781 904 81 evident evident JJ 21781 904 82 , , , 21781 904 83 it -PRON- PRP 21781 904 84 must must MD 21781 904 85 be be VB 21781 904 86 relatively relatively RB 21781 904 87 inconsiderable inconsiderable JJ 21781 904 88 . . . 21781 905 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 21781 905 2 after after RB 21781 905 3 all all RB 21781 905 4 , , , 21781 905 5 pain pain NN 21781 905 6 is be VBZ 21781 905 7 not not RB 21781 905 8 scattered scatter VBN 21781 905 9 so so RB 21781 905 10 needlessly needlessly RB 21781 905 11 and and CC 21781 905 12 lavishly lavishly RB 21781 905 13 throughout throughout IN 21781 905 14 the the DT 21781 905 15 world world NN 21781 905 16 as as IN 21781 905 17 the the DT 21781 905 18 enemies enemy NNS 21781 905 19 of of IN 21781 905 20 the the DT 21781 905 21 vivisectionist vivisectionist NN 21781 905 22 would would MD 21781 905 23 have have VB 21781 905 24 us -PRON- PRP 21781 905 25 believe believe VB 21781 905 26 . . . 21781 906 1 7 7 LS 21781 906 2 . . . 21781 907 1 _ _ NNP 21781 907 2 The the DT 21781 907 3 Nervous Nervous NNP 21781 907 4 System System NNP 21781 907 5 _ _ NNP 21781 907 6 Section Section NNP 21781 907 7 109 109 CD 21781 907 8 . . . 21781 908 1 A a DT 21781 908 2 little little JJ 21781 908 3 more more JJR 21781 908 4 attention attention NN 21781 908 5 must must MD 21781 908 6 now now RB 21781 908 7 be be VB 21781 908 8 given give VBN 21781 908 9 to to IN 21781 908 10 the the DT 21781 908 11 detailed detailed JJ 21781 908 12 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 908 13 of of IN 21781 908 14 the the DT 21781 908 15 peripheral peripheral JJ 21781 908 16 and and CC 21781 908 17 central central JJ 21781 908 18 nerve nerve NN 21781 908 19 ends end NNS 21781 908 20 . . . 21781 909 1 A a DT 21781 909 2 nerve nerve NN 21781 909 3 , , , 21781 909 4 as as IN 21781 909 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 909 6 have have VBP 21781 909 7 pointed point VBN 21781 909 8 out out RP 21781 909 9 , , , 21781 909 10 terminates terminate NNS 21781 909 11 centrally centrally RB 21781 909 12 in in IN 21781 909 13 some some DT 21781 909 14 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 909 15 cell cell NN 21781 909 16 , , , 21781 909 17 either either CC 21781 909 18 in in IN 21781 909 19 a a DT 21781 909 20 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 909 21 or or CC 21781 909 22 in in IN 21781 909 23 the the DT 21781 909 24 spinal spinal JJ 21781 909 25 cord cord NN 21781 909 26 or or CC 21781 909 27 brain brain NN 21781 909 28 ; ; : 21781 909 29 peripherally peripherally RB 21781 909 30 there there EX 21781 909 31 is be VBZ 21781 909 32 a a DT 21781 909 33 much much RB 21781 909 34 greater great JJR 21781 909 35 variety variety NN 21781 909 36 of of IN 21781 909 37 ending end VBG 21781 909 38 . . . 21781 910 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 910 2 may may MD 21781 910 3 have have VB 21781 910 4 tactile tactile NN 21781 910 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 910 6 touch touch NN 21781 910 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 910 8 ends end NNS 21781 910 9 of of IN 21781 910 10 various various JJ 21781 910 11 kinds kind NNS 21781 910 12 , , , 21781 910 13 and and CC 21781 910 14 the the DT 21781 910 15 similar similar JJ 21781 910 16 olfactory olfactory NN 21781 910 17 and and CC 21781 910 18 gustatory gustatory NN 21781 910 19 end end NN 21781 910 20 organs organ NNS 21781 910 21 ; ; , 21781 910 22 or or CC 21781 910 23 the the DT 21781 910 24 nerve nerve NN 21781 910 25 may may MD 21781 910 26 conduct conduct VB 21781 910 27 efferent efferent JJ 21781 910 28 impressions impression NNS 21781 910 29 , , , 21781 910 30 and and CC 21781 910 31 terminate terminate VB 21781 910 32 in in IN 21781 910 33 a a DT 21781 910 34 gland gland NN 21781 910 35 which which WDT 21781 910 36 it -PRON- PRP 21781 910 37 excites excite VBZ 21781 910 38 to to IN 21781 910 39 secretion secretion NN 21781 910 40 , , , 21781 910 41 in in IN 21781 910 42 a a DT 21781 910 43 muscle muscle NN 21781 910 44 end end NN 21781 910 45 - - HYPH 21781 910 46 plate plate NN 21781 910 47 , , , 21781 910 48 or or CC 21781 910 49 in in IN 21781 910 50 fact fact NN 21781 910 51 , , , 21781 910 52 anywhere anywhere RB 21781 910 53 , , , 21781 910 54 where where WRB 21781 910 55 kataboly kataboly NNP 21781 910 56 can can MD 21781 910 57 be be VB 21781 910 58 set set VBN 21781 910 59 going go VBG 21781 910 60 and and CC 21781 910 61 energy energy NN 21781 910 62 disengaged disengage VBN 21781 910 63 . . . 21781 911 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 911 2 may may MD 21781 911 3 now now RB 21781 911 4 briefly briefly RB 21781 911 5 advert advert VB 21781 911 6 to to IN 21781 911 7 the the DT 21781 911 8 receptive receptive JJ 21781 911 9 nerve nerve NN 21781 911 10 ends end NNS 21781 911 11 . . . 21781 912 1 Section section NN 21781 912 2 110 110 CD 21781 912 3 . . . 21781 913 1 Many many JJ 21781 913 2 sensory sensory JJ 21781 913 3 nerves nerve NNS 21781 913 4 , , , 21781 913 5 doubtless doubtless RB 21781 913 6 , , , 21781 913 7 terminate terminate VBP 21781 913 8 in in IN 21781 913 9 fine fine JJ 21781 913 10 ends end NNS 21781 913 11 among among IN 21781 913 12 the the DT 21781 913 13 tissues tissue NNS 21781 913 14 . . . 21781 914 1 There there EX 21781 914 2 are be VBP 21781 914 3 also also RB 21781 914 4 special special JJ 21781 914 5 touch touch NN 21781 914 6 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 914 7 , , , 21781 914 8 ovoid ovoid JJ 21781 914 9 bodies body NNS 21781 914 10 , , , 21781 914 11 around around IN 21781 914 12 which which WDT 21781 914 13 a a DT 21781 914 14 nerve nerve NN 21781 914 15 twines twine NNS 21781 914 16 , , , 21781 914 17 or or CC 21781 914 18 within within IN 21781 914 19 which which WDT 21781 914 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 914 21 terminates terminate VBZ 21781 914 22 . . . 21781 915 1 Section section NN 21781 915 2 111 111 CD 21781 915 3 . . . 21781 916 1 The the DT 21781 916 2 eye eye NN 21781 916 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 916 4 Figure figure NN 21781 916 5 8) 8) CD 21781 916 6 has have VBZ 21781 916 7 a a DT 21781 916 8 tough tough JJ 21781 916 9 , , , 21781 916 10 dense dense JJ 21781 916 11 , , , 21781 916 12 outer outer JJ 21781 916 13 coat coat NN 21781 916 14 , , , 21781 916 15 the the DT 21781 916 16 sclerotic sclerotic JJ 21781 916 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 916 18 sc sc RB 21781 916 19 . . . 21781 917 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 917 2 , , , 21781 917 3 within within IN 21781 917 4 which which WDT 21781 917 5 is be VBZ 21781 917 6 a a DT 21781 917 7 highly highly RB 21781 917 8 vascular vascular JJ 21781 917 9 and and CC 21781 917 10 internally internally RB 21781 917 11 pigmented pigment VBN 21781 917 12 layer layer NN 21781 917 13 , , , 21781 917 14 the the DT 21781 917 15 choroid choroid NN 21781 917 16 , , , 21781 917 17 upon upon IN 21781 917 18 which which WDT 21781 917 19 the the DT 21781 917 20 percipient percipient JJ 21781 917 21 nervous nervous JJ 21781 917 22 layer layer NN 21781 917 23 , , , 21781 917 24 the the DT 21781 917 25 retina retina NNP 21781 917 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 917 27 r. r. NNP 21781 917 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 917 29 rests rest VBZ 21781 917 30 . . . 21781 918 1 The the DT 21781 918 2 chief chief JJ 21781 918 3 chamber chamber NN 21781 918 4 of of IN 21781 918 5 the the DT 21781 918 6 eye eye NN 21781 918 7 is be VBZ 21781 918 8 filled fill VBN 21781 918 9 with with IN 21781 918 10 a a DT 21781 918 11 transparent transparent JJ 21781 918 12 jelly jelly NN 21781 918 13 , , , 21781 918 14 the the DT 21781 918 15 vitreous vitreous JJ 21781 918 16 humour humour NNP 21781 918 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 918 18 v.h v.h NNP 21781 918 19 . . NNP 21781 918 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 918 21 . . . 21781 919 1 In in IN 21781 919 2 front front NN 21781 919 3 of of IN 21781 919 4 the the DT 21781 919 5 eye eye NN 21781 919 6 , , , 21781 919 7 the the DT 21781 919 8 white white JJ 21781 919 9 sclerotic sclerotic NN 21781 919 10 passes pass VBZ 21781 919 11 into into IN 21781 919 12 the the DT 21781 919 13 transparent transparent JJ 21781 919 14 cornea cornea NN 21781 919 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 919 16 c. c. NNP 21781 919 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 919 18 . . . 21781 920 1 The the DT 21781 920 2 epidermis epidermis NN 21781 920 3 is be VBZ 21781 920 4 continued continue VBN 21781 920 5 over over IN 21781 920 6 the the DT 21781 920 7 outer outer JJ 21781 920 8 face face NN 21781 920 9 of of IN 21781 920 10 this this DT 21781 920 11 as as IN 21781 920 12 a a DT 21781 920 13 thin thin JJ 21781 920 14 , , , 21781 920 15 transparent transparent JJ 21781 920 16 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 920 17 . . . 21781 921 1 The the DT 21781 921 2 choroid choroid JJ 21781 921 3 coat coat NN 21781 921 4 is be VBZ 21781 921 5 continued continue VBN 21781 921 6 in in IN 21781 921 7 front front NN 21781 921 8 by by IN 21781 921 9 a a DT 21781 921 10 ring ring NN 21781 921 11 - - HYPH 21781 921 12 shaped shape VBN 21781 921 13 muscle muscle NN 21781 921 14 , , , 21781 921 15 the the DT 21781 921 16 iris iris NNP 21781 921 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 921 18 ir ir NNP 21781 921 19 . . . 21781 921 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 922 1 the the DT 21781 922 2 coloured coloured JJ 21781 922 3 portion portion NN 21781 922 4 of of IN 21781 922 5 the the DT 21781 922 6 eyes eye NNS 21781 922 7 . . . 21781 923 1 This this DT 21781 923 2 iris iri VBZ 21781 923 3 enlarges enlarge VBZ 21781 923 4 or or CC 21781 923 5 contracts contract VBZ 21781 923 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 923 7 central central JJ 21781 923 8 aperture aperture NN 21781 923 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 923 10 the the DT 21781 923 11 black black JJ 21781 923 12 pupil pupil NN 21781 923 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 923 14 by by IN 21781 923 15 reflex reflex NNP 21781 923 16 action action NN 21781 923 17 , , , 21781 923 18 as as IN 21781 923 19 the the DT 21781 923 20 amount amount NN 21781 923 21 of of IN 21781 923 22 light light JJ 21781 923 23 diminishes diminishe NNS 21781 923 24 or or CC 21781 923 25 increases increase NNS 21781 923 26 . . . 21781 924 1 Immediately immediately RB 21781 924 2 behind behind IN 21781 924 3 this this DT 21781 924 4 curtain curtain NN 21781 924 5 is be VBZ 21781 924 6 the the DT 21781 924 7 crystalline crystalline NN 21781 924 8 lens lens NN 21781 924 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 924 10 l. l. NNP 21781 924 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 924 12 , , , 21781 924 13 the the DT 21781 924 14 curvature curvature NN 21781 924 15 of of IN 21781 924 16 the the DT 21781 924 17 anterior anterior JJ 21781 924 18 face face NN 21781 924 19 or or CC 21781 924 20 which which WDT 21781 924 21 is be VBZ 21781 924 22 controlled control VBN 21781 924 23 by by IN 21781 924 24 the the DT 21781 924 25 ciliary ciliary JJ 21781 924 26 muscle muscle NN 21781 924 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 924 28 c.m c.m NNP 21781 924 29 . . NNP 21781 924 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 924 31 . . . 21781 925 1 In in IN 21781 925 2 front front NN 21781 925 3 of of IN 21781 925 4 the the DT 21781 925 5 lens lens NN 21781 925 6 is be VBZ 21781 925 7 the the DT 21781 925 8 aqueous aqueous JJ 21781 925 9 humour humour NNP 21781 925 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 925 11 a.h a.h NNP 21781 925 12 . . NNP 21781 925 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 925 14 . . . 21781 926 1 The the DT 21781 926 2 description description NN 21781 926 3 of of IN 21781 926 4 the the DT 21781 926 5 action action NN 21781 926 6 of of IN 21781 926 7 this this DT 21781 926 8 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 926 9 involves involve VBZ 21781 926 10 the the DT 21781 926 11 explanation explanation NN 21781 926 12 of of IN 21781 926 13 several several JJ 21781 926 14 of of IN 21781 926 15 the the DT 21781 926 16 elementary elementary JJ 21781 926 17 principles principle NNS 21781 926 18 of of IN 21781 926 19 optics optic NNS 21781 926 20 , , , 21781 926 21 and and CC 21781 926 22 will will MD 21781 926 23 be be VB 21781 926 24 found find VBN 21781 926 25 by by IN 21781 926 26 the the DT 21781 926 27 student student NN 21781 926 28 in in IN 21781 926 29 any any DT 21781 926 30 text text NN 21781 926 31 - - HYPH 21781 926 32 book book NN 21781 926 33 of of IN 21781 926 34 that that DT 21781 926 35 subject subject NN 21781 926 36 . . . 21781 927 1 Here here RB 21781 927 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 927 3 would would MD 21781 927 4 have have VB 21781 927 5 no no DT 21781 927 6 very very RB 21781 927 7 instructive instructive JJ 21781 927 8 bearing bearing NN 21781 927 9 , , , 21781 927 10 either either CC 21781 927 11 on on IN 21781 927 12 general general JJ 21781 927 13 physiological physiological JJ 21781 927 14 considerations consideration NNS 21781 927 15 or or CC 21781 927 16 upon upon IN 21781 927 17 anatomical anatomical JJ 21781 927 18 fact fact NN 21781 927 19 . . . 21781 928 1 Section section NN 21781 928 2 112 112 CD 21781 928 3 . . . 21781 929 1 The the DT 21781 929 2 structure structure NN 21781 929 3 of of IN 21781 929 4 the the DT 21781 929 5 retina retina NNP 21781 929 6 demands demand VBZ 21781 929 7 fuller full JJR 21781 929 8 notice notice NN 21781 929 9 . . . 21781 930 1 Figure figure NN 21781 930 2 9 9 CD 21781 930 3 shows show VBZ 21781 930 4 an an DT 21781 930 5 enlarged enlarged JJ 21781 930 6 , , , 21781 930 7 diagram diagram NN 21781 930 8 of of IN 21781 930 9 a a DT 21781 930 10 small small JJ 21781 930 11 portion portion NN 21781 930 12 of of IN 21781 930 13 this this DT 21781 930 14 , , , 21781 930 15 the the DT 21781 930 16 percipient percipient JJ 21781 930 17 part part NN 21781 930 18 of of IN 21781 930 19 the the DT 21781 930 20 eye eye NN 21781 930 21 . . . 21781 931 1 The the DT 21781 931 2 optic optic JJ 21781 931 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 931 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 931 5 o.n o.n NNP 21781 931 6 . . . 21781 932 1 in in IN 21781 932 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 932 3 8) 8) CD 21781 932 4 enters enter VBZ 21781 932 5 the the DT 21781 932 6 eye eye NN 21781 932 7 at at IN 21781 932 8 a a DT 21781 932 9 spot spot NN 21781 932 10 called call VBN 21781 932 11 the the DT 21781 932 12 blind blind JJ 21781 932 13 spot spot NN 21781 932 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 932 15 B.S. B.S. NNP 21781 933 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 933 2 , , , 21781 933 3 and and CC 21781 933 4 the the DT 21781 933 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 933 6 fibres fibre NNS 21781 933 7 spread spread VBP 21781 933 8 thence thence NN 21781 933 9 over over IN 21781 933 10 the the DT 21781 933 11 inner inner JJ 21781 933 12 retinal retinal JJ 21781 933 13 surface surface NN 21781 933 14 . . . 21781 934 1 From from IN 21781 934 2 this this DT 21781 934 3 layer layer NN 21781 934 4 of of IN 21781 934 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 934 6 fibres fibre NNS 21781 934 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 934 8 o.n o.n NNP 21781 934 9 . . . 21781 935 1 in in IN 21781 935 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 935 3 9 9 CD 21781 935 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 935 5 threads thread NNS 21781 935 6 run run VBP 21781 935 7 outward outward RB 21781 935 8 , , , 21781 935 9 through through IN 21781 935 10 certain certain JJ 21781 935 11 clear clear JJ 21781 935 12 and and CC 21781 935 13 granular granular JJ 21781 935 14 layers layer NNS 21781 935 15 , , , 21781 935 16 to to IN 21781 935 17 an an DT 21781 935 18 outermost outermost JJ 21781 935 19 stratum stratum NN 21781 935 20 of of IN 21781 935 21 little little JJ 21781 935 22 rods rod NNS 21781 935 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 935 24 r. r. NNP 21781 935 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 935 26 and and CC 21781 935 27 fusiform fusiform NN 21781 935 28 bodies body NNS 21781 935 29 called call VBD 21781 935 30 cones cones NNP 21781 935 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 935 32 c. c. NNP 21781 935 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 935 34 , , , 21781 935 35 lying lie VBG 21781 935 36 side side NN 21781 935 37 by by IN 21781 935 38 side side NN 21781 935 39 . . . 21781 936 1 The the DT 21781 936 2 whole whole NN 21781 936 3 of of IN 21781 936 4 the the DT 21781 936 5 retina retina NNP 21781 936 6 consists consist VBZ 21781 936 7 of of IN 21781 936 8 quite quite RB 21781 936 9 transparent transparent JJ 21781 936 10 matter matter NN 21781 936 11 , , , 21781 936 12 and and CC 21781 936 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 936 14 is be VBZ 21781 936 15 this this DT 21781 936 16 outermost outermost JJ 21781 936 17 layer layer NN 21781 936 18 of of IN 21781 936 19 rods rod NNS 21781 936 20 and and CC 21781 936 21 cones cones NNP 21781 936 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 936 23 r. r. NNP 21781 936 24 and and CC 21781 936 25 c. c. NNP 21781 936 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 936 27 that that IN 21781 936 28 receives receive VBZ 21781 936 29 and and CC 21781 936 30 records record VBZ 21781 936 31 the the DT 21781 936 32 visual visual JJ 21781 936 33 impression impression NN 21781 936 34 . . . 21781 937 1 This this DT 21781 937 2 turning turning NN 21781 937 3 of of IN 21781 937 4 the the DT 21781 937 5 recipient recipient NN 21781 937 6 ends end VBZ 21781 937 7 away away RB 21781 937 8 from from IN 21781 937 9 the the DT 21781 937 10 light light NN 21781 937 11 is be VBZ 21781 937 12 hardly hardly RB 21781 937 13 what what WP 21781 937 14 one one PRP 21781 937 15 would would MD 21781 937 16 at at IN 21781 937 17 first first RB 21781 937 18 expect-- expect-- UH 21781 937 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 937 20 seems seem VBZ 21781 937 21 such such PDT 21781 937 22 a a DT 21781 937 23 roundabout roundabout NN 21781 937 24 arrangement-- arrangement-- NN 21781 937 25 but but CC 21781 937 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 937 27 obtains obtain VBZ 21781 937 28 in in IN 21781 937 29 all all DT 21781 937 30 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 937 31 , , , 21781 937 32 and and CC 21781 937 33 it -PRON- PRP 21781 937 34 is be VBZ 21781 937 35 a a DT 21781 937 36 striking striking JJ 21781 937 37 point point NN 21781 937 38 of of IN 21781 937 39 comparison comparison NN 21781 937 40 with with IN 21781 937 41 the the DT 21781 937 42 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 937 43 invertebrate invertebrate JJ 21781 937 44 eye eye NN 21781 937 45 . . . 21781 938 1 Section section NN 21781 938 2 113 113 CD 21781 938 3 . . . 21781 939 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 939 2 may may MD 21781 939 3 pause pause VB 21781 939 4 to to TO 21781 939 5 call call VB 21781 939 6 the the DT 21781 939 7 student student NN 21781 939 8 's 's POS 21781 939 9 attention attention NN 21781 939 10 to to IN 21781 939 11 a a DT 21781 939 12 little little JJ 21781 939 13 point point NN 21781 939 14 in in IN 21781 939 15 the the DT 21781 939 16 physiology physiology NN 21781 939 17 of of IN 21781 939 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 939 19 , , , 21781 939 20 very very RB 21781 939 21 happily happily RB 21781 939 22 illustrated illustrate VBN 21781 939 23 here here RB 21781 939 24 . . . 21781 940 1 The the DT 21781 940 2 function function NN 21781 940 3 of of IN 21781 940 4 a a DT 21781 940 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 940 6 fibre fibre NN 21781 940 7 is be VBZ 21781 940 8 the the DT 21781 940 9 conduction conduction NN 21781 940 10 of of IN 21781 940 11 impressions impression NNS 21781 940 12 pure pure JJ 21781 940 13 and and CC 21781 940 14 simple simple JJ 21781 940 15 ; ; : 21781 940 16 the the DT 21781 940 17 light light NN 21781 940 18 radiates radiate VBZ 21781 940 19 through through IN 21781 940 20 the the DT 21781 940 21 fibrous fibrous JJ 21781 940 22 layer layer NN 21781 940 23 of of IN 21781 940 24 the the DT 21781 940 25 retina retina NNP 21781 940 26 without without IN 21781 940 27 producing produce VBG 21781 940 28 the the DT 21781 940 29 slightest slight JJS 21781 940 30 impression impression NN 21781 940 31 , , , 21781 940 32 and and CC 21781 940 33 at at IN 21781 940 34 the the DT 21781 940 35 blind blind JJ 21781 940 36 spot spot NN 21781 940 37 , , , 21781 940 38 where where WRB 21781 940 39 the the DT 21781 940 40 rods rod NNS 21781 940 41 and and CC 21781 940 42 cones cone NNS 21781 940 43 are be VBP 21781 940 44 absent absent JJ 21781 940 45 , , , 21781 940 46 and and CC 21781 940 47 the the DT 21781 940 48 nerve nerve NN 21781 940 49 fibres fibre NNS 21781 940 50 are be VBP 21781 940 51 gathered gather VBN 21781 940 52 together together RB 21781 940 53 , , , 21781 940 54 no no DT 21781 940 55 visual visual JJ 21781 940 56 impressions impression NNS 21781 940 57 are be VBP 21781 940 58 recorded record VBN 21781 940 59 . . . 21781 941 1 If if IN 21781 941 2 there there EX 21781 941 3 is be VBZ 21781 941 4 any any DT 21781 941 5 doubt doubt NN 21781 941 6 as as IN 21781 941 7 to to IN 21781 941 8 the the DT 21781 941 9 existence existence NN 21781 941 10 of of IN 21781 941 11 a a DT 21781 941 12 blind blind JJ 21781 941 13 spot spot NN 21781 941 14 in in IN 21781 941 15 the the DT 21781 941 16 retinal retinal JJ 21781 941 17 picture picture NN 21781 941 18 , , , 21781 941 19 the the DT 21781 941 20 proof proof NN 21781 941 21 is be VBZ 21781 941 22 easy easy JJ 21781 941 23 . . . 21781 942 1 Let let VB 21781 942 2 the the DT 21781 942 3 reader reader NN 21781 942 4 shut shut VB 21781 942 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 942 6 left left JJ 21781 942 7 eye eye NN 21781 942 8 , , , 21781 942 9 and and CC 21781 942 10 regard regard VB 21781 942 11 these these DT 21781 942 12 two two CD 21781 942 13 asterisks asterisk NNS 21781 942 14 , , , 21781 942 15 fixing fix VBG 21781 942 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 942 17 gaze gaze NN 21781 942 18 intently intently RB 21781 942 19 upon upon IN 21781 942 20 the the DT 21781 942 21 left left JJ 21781 942 22 - - HYPH 21781 942 23 hand hand NN 21781 942 24 one one CD 21781 942 25 of of IN 21781 942 26 them -PRON- PRP 21781 942 27 . . . 21781 943 1 * * NFP 21781 943 2 * * NFP 21781 943 3 At at IN 21781 943 4 a a DT 21781 943 5 distance distance NN 21781 943 6 of of IN 21781 943 7 three three CD 21781 943 8 or or CC 21781 943 9 four four CD 21781 943 10 inches inch NNS 21781 943 11 from from IN 21781 943 12 the the DT 21781 943 13 paper paper NN 21781 943 14 , , , 21781 943 15 both both DT 21781 943 16 spots spot NNS 21781 943 17 will will MD 21781 943 18 be be VB 21781 943 19 focussed focusse VBN 21781 943 20 on on IN 21781 943 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 943 22 retina retina NN 21781 943 23 , , , 21781 943 24 the the DT 21781 943 25 left left JJ 21781 943 26 one one NN 21781 943 27 in in IN 21781 943 28 the the DT 21781 943 29 centre centre NN 21781 943 30 of of IN 21781 943 31 vision vision NN 21781 943 32 , , , 21781 943 33 and and CC 21781 943 34 the the DT 21781 943 35 right right JJ 21781 943 36 one one NN 21781 943 37 at at IN 21781 943 38 some some DT 21781 943 39 spot spot NN 21781 943 40 internal internal JJ 21781 943 41 to to IN 21781 943 42 this this DT 21781 943 43 , , , 21781 943 44 and and CC 21781 943 45 he -PRON- PRP 21781 943 46 will will MD 21781 943 47 see see VB 21781 943 48 them -PRON- PRP 21781 943 49 both both DT 21781 943 50 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 943 51 . . . 21781 944 1 Now now RB 21781 944 2 , , , 21781 944 3 if if IN 21781 944 4 he -PRON- PRP 21781 944 5 withdraws withdraw VBZ 21781 944 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 944 7 head head NN 21781 944 8 slowly slowly RB 21781 944 9 , , , 21781 944 10 the the DT 21781 944 11 right right JJ 21781 944 12 spot spot NN 21781 944 13 will will MD 21781 944 14 of of IN 21781 944 15 course course NN 21781 944 16 appear appear VB 21781 944 17 to to TO 21781 944 18 approach approach VB 21781 944 19 the the DT 21781 944 20 left left NN 21781 944 21 , , , 21781 944 22 and and CC 21781 944 23 at at IN 21781 944 24 a a DT 21781 944 25 distance distance NN 21781 944 26 of of IN 21781 944 27 ten ten CD 21781 944 28 or or CC 21781 944 29 twelve twelve CD 21781 944 30 inches inch NNS 21781 944 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 944 32 will will MD 21781 944 33 , , , 21781 944 34 in in IN 21781 944 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 944 36 approach approach NN 21781 944 37 , , , 21781 944 38 pass pass VB 21781 944 39 over over RP 21781 944 40 the the DT 21781 944 41 blind blind JJ 21781 944 42 spot spot NN 21781 944 43 and and CC 21781 944 44 vanish vanish NN 21781 944 45 , , , 21781 944 46 to to TO 21781 944 47 reappear reappear VB 21781 944 48 as as IN 21781 944 49 he -PRON- PRP 21781 944 50 continues continue VBZ 21781 944 51 to to TO 21781 944 52 move move VB 21781 944 53 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 944 54 head head NN 21781 944 55 away away RB 21781 944 56 from from IN 21781 944 57 the the DT 21781 944 58 paper paper NN 21781 944 59 . . . 21781 945 1 The the DT 21781 945 2 function function NN 21781 945 3 of of IN 21781 945 4 nerve nerve NN 21781 945 5 fibres fibre NNS 21781 945 6 is be VBZ 21781 945 7 simply simply RB 21781 945 8 conduction conduction NN 21781 945 9 , , , 21781 945 10 and and CC 21781 945 11 the the DT 21781 945 12 nature nature NN 21781 945 13 of of IN 21781 945 14 the the DT 21781 945 15 impressions impression NNS 21781 945 16 they -PRON- PRP 21781 945 17 convey convey VBP 21781 945 18 is be VBZ 21781 945 19 entirely entirely RB 21781 945 20 determined determine VBN 21781 945 21 by by IN 21781 945 22 the the DT 21781 945 23 nature nature NN 21781 945 24 of of IN 21781 945 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 945 26 distal distal JJ 21781 945 27 and and CC 21781 945 28 proximal proximal JJ 21781 945 29 terminations termination NNS 21781 945 30 . . . 21781 946 1 Section section NN 21781 946 2 114 114 CD 21781 946 3 . . . 21781 947 1 Certain certain JJ 21781 947 2 small small JJ 21781 947 3 muscles muscle NNS 21781 947 4 in in IN 21781 947 5 the the DT 21781 947 6 orbit orbit NN 21781 947 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 947 8 eye eye NN 21781 947 9 - - HYPH 21781 947 10 socket socket NN 21781 947 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 947 12 move move VB 21781 947 13 the the DT 21781 947 14 eye eye NN 21781 947 15 , , , 21781 947 16 and and CC 21781 947 17 by by IN 21781 947 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 947 19 action action NN 21781 947 20 contribute contribute VBP 21781 947 21 to to IN 21781 947 22 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 947 23 perception perception NN 21781 947 24 of of IN 21781 947 25 the the DT 21781 947 26 relative relative JJ 21781 947 27 position position NN 21781 947 28 of of IN 21781 947 29 objects object NNS 21781 947 30 . . . 21781 948 1 There there EX 21781 948 2 is be VBZ 21781 948 3 a a DT 21781 948 4 leash leash NN 21781 948 5 of of IN 21781 948 6 four four CD 21781 948 7 muscles muscle NNS 21781 948 8 rising rise VBG 21781 948 9 from from IN 21781 948 10 a a DT 21781 948 11 spot spot NN 21781 948 12 behind behind IN 21781 948 13 the the DT 21781 948 14 exit exit NN 21781 948 15 of of IN 21781 948 16 the the DT 21781 948 17 optic optic JJ 21781 948 18 nerve nerve NN 21781 948 19 from from IN 21781 948 20 the the DT 21781 948 21 cranium cranium NN 21781 948 22 to to IN 21781 948 23 the the DT 21781 948 24 upper upper JJ 21781 948 25 , , , 21781 948 26 under under RB 21781 948 27 , , , 21781 948 28 anterior anterior NNP 21781 948 29 , , , 21781 948 30 and and CC 21781 948 31 posterior posterior JJ 21781 948 32 sides side NNS 21781 948 33 of of IN 21781 948 34 the the DT 21781 948 35 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 948 36 . . . 21781 949 1 These these DT 21781 949 2 are be VBP 21781 949 3 the the DT 21781 949 4 superior superior JJ 21781 949 5 , , , 21781 949 6 inferior inferior JJ 21781 949 7 , , , 21781 949 8 anterior anterior NNP 21781 949 9 , , , 21781 949 10 and and CC 21781 949 11 posterior posterior NNP 21781 949 12 recti recti NNP 21781 949 13 . . . 21781 950 1 Running run VBG 21781 950 2 from from IN 21781 950 3 the the DT 21781 950 4 front front NN 21781 950 5 of of IN 21781 950 6 the the DT 21781 950 7 orbit orbit NN 21781 950 8 obliquely obliquely RB 21781 950 9 to to IN 21781 950 10 the the DT 21781 950 11 underside underside NN 21781 950 12 of of IN 21781 950 13 the the DT 21781 950 14 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 950 15 is be VBZ 21781 950 16 the the DT 21781 950 17 inferior inferior JJ 21781 950 18 oblique oblique JJ 21781 950 19 muscle muscle NN 21781 950 20 . . . 21781 951 1 Corresponding correspond VBG 21781 951 2 to to IN 21781 951 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 951 4 above above RB 21781 951 5 is be VBZ 21781 951 6 a a DT 21781 951 7 superior superior JJ 21781 951 8 oblique oblique NN 21781 951 9 . . . 21781 952 1 A a DT 21781 952 2 lachrymal lachrymal JJ 21781 952 3 gland gland NN 21781 952 4 lies lie VBZ 21781 952 5 in in IN 21781 952 6 the the DT 21781 952 7 postero postero NNP 21781 952 8 - - HYPH 21781 952 9 inferior inferior JJ 21781 952 10 angle angle NN 21781 952 11 of of IN 21781 952 12 the the DT 21781 952 13 orbit orbit NN 21781 952 14 , , , 21781 952 15 and and CC 21781 952 16 a a DT 21781 952 17 Handerian handerian JJ 21781 952 18 gland gland NN 21781 952 19 in in IN 21781 952 20 the the DT 21781 952 21 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 952 22 position position NN 21781 952 23 in in IN 21781 952 24 front front NN 21781 952 25 . . . 21781 953 1 In in IN 21781 953 2 addition addition NN 21781 953 3 to to IN 21781 953 4 the the DT 21781 953 5 upper upper JJ 21781 953 6 and and CC 21781 953 7 lower low JJR 21781 953 8 eyelids eyelid NNS 21781 953 9 of of IN 21781 953 10 the the DT 21781 953 11 human human JJ 21781 953 12 subject subject NN 21781 953 13 , , , 21781 953 14 the the DT 21781 953 15 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 953 16 has have VBZ 21781 953 17 a a DT 21781 953 18 third third JJ 21781 953 19 , , , 21781 953 20 the the DT 21781 953 21 nictitating nictitate VBG 21781 953 22 lid lid NN 21781 953 23 , , , 21781 953 24 in in IN 21781 953 25 the the DT 21781 953 26 anterior anterior JJ 21781 953 27 corner corner NN 21781 953 28 of of IN 21781 953 29 the the DT 21781 953 30 eye eye NN 21781 953 31 . . . 21781 954 1 Section section NN 21781 954 2 115 115 CD 21781 954 3 . . . 21781 955 1 The the DT 21781 955 2 ear ear NN 21781 955 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 955 4 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 955 5 VII VII NNP 21781 955 6 . . . 21781 955 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 956 1 consists consist VBZ 21781 956 2 of of IN 21781 956 3 an an DT 21781 956 4 essential essential JJ 21781 956 5 organ organ NN 21781 956 6 of of IN 21781 956 7 hearing hearing NN 21781 956 8 , , , 21781 956 9 and and CC 21781 956 10 of of IN 21781 956 11 certain certain JJ 21781 956 12 superadded superadded JJ 21781 956 13 parts part NNS 21781 956 14 . . . 21781 957 1 The the DT 21781 957 2 essential essential JJ 21781 957 3 part part NN 21781 957 4 is be VBZ 21781 957 5 called call VBN 21781 957 6 the the DT 21781 957 7 internal internal JJ 21781 957 8 ear ear NN 21781 957 9 , , , 21781 957 10 and and CC 21781 957 11 is be VBZ 21781 957 12 represented represent VBN 21781 957 13 in in IN 21781 957 14 all all PDT 21781 957 15 the the DT 21781 957 16 true true JJ 21781 957 17 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 957 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 957 19 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 957 20 , , , 21781 957 21 excluding exclude VBG 21781 957 22 the the DT 21781 957 23 lancelet lancelet NN 21781 957 24 and and CC 21781 957 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 957 26 allies ally NNS 21781 957 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 957 28 . . . 21781 958 1 In in IN 21781 958 2 the the DT 21781 958 3 lower low JJR 21781 958 4 forms form NNS 21781 958 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 958 6 is be VBZ 21781 958 7 a a DT 21781 958 8 hollow hollow JJ 21781 958 9 membranous membranous JJ 21781 958 10 structure structure NN 21781 958 11 , , , 21781 958 12 embedded embed VBN 21781 958 13 in in IN 21781 958 14 a a DT 21781 958 15 mass mass NN 21781 958 16 of of IN 21781 958 17 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 958 18 , , , 21781 958 19 the the DT 21781 958 20 otic otic JJ 21781 958 21 capsule capsule NN 21781 958 22 ; ; : 21781 958 23 in in IN 21781 958 24 the the DT 21781 958 25 mammal mammal NN 21781 958 26 the the DT 21781 958 27 latter latter JJ 21781 958 28 is be VBZ 21781 958 29 entirely entirely RB 21781 958 30 ossified ossify VBN 21781 958 31 , , , 21781 958 32 to to TO 21781 958 33 form form VB 21781 958 34 the the DT 21781 958 35 periotic periotic JJ 21781 958 36 bone bone NN 21781 958 37 . . . 21781 959 1 The the DT 21781 959 2 internal internal JJ 21781 959 3 ear ear NN 21781 959 4 consists consist VBZ 21781 959 5 of of IN 21781 959 6 a a DT 21781 959 7 central central JJ 21781 959 8 sac sac NN 21781 959 9 , , , 21781 959 10 from from IN 21781 959 11 which which WDT 21781 959 12 three three CD 21781 959 13 semicircular semicircular JJ 21781 959 14 canals canal NNS 21781 959 15 spring spring VBP 21781 959 16 . . . 21781 960 1 The the DT 21781 960 2 planes plane NNS 21781 960 3 of of IN 21781 960 4 the the DT 21781 960 5 three three CD 21781 960 6 canals canal NNS 21781 960 7 are be VBP 21781 960 8 mutually mutually RB 21781 960 9 at at IN 21781 960 10 right right JJ 21781 960 11 angles angle NNS 21781 960 12 ; ; : 21781 960 13 two two CD 21781 960 14 are be VBP 21781 960 15 vertical vertical JJ 21781 960 16 , , , 21781 960 17 the the DT 21781 960 18 anterior anterior NN 21781 960 19 and and CC 21781 960 20 posterior posterior NNP 21781 960 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 960 22 p.v.c p.v.c NNP 21781 960 23 . . . 21781 960 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 961 1 vertical vertical JJ 21781 961 2 canals canal NNS 21781 961 3 , , , 21781 961 4 and and CC 21781 961 5 one one CD 21781 961 6 is be VBZ 21781 961 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 961 8 , , , 21781 961 9 the the DT 21781 961 10 horizontal horizontal NNP 21781 961 11 canal canal NN 21781 961 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 961 13 h.c h.c NNP 21781 961 14 . . NNP 21781 961 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 961 16 . . . 21781 962 1 There there EX 21781 962 2 are be VBP 21781 962 3 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 962 4 , , , 21781 962 5 called call VBD 21781 962 6 ampullae ampullae NNP 21781 962 7 , , , 21781 962 8 at at IN 21781 962 9 the the DT 21781 962 10 anterior anterior JJ 21781 962 11 base base NN 21781 962 12 of of IN 21781 962 13 the the DT 21781 962 14 anterior anterior NN 21781 962 15 , , , 21781 962 16 and and CC 21781 962 17 at at IN 21781 962 18 the the DT 21781 962 19 posterior posterior JJ 21781 962 20 base base NN 21781 962 21 of of IN 21781 962 22 the the DT 21781 962 23 posterior posterior NN 21781 962 24 and and CC 21781 962 25 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 962 26 canals canal NNS 21781 962 27 . . . 21781 963 1 Indirectly indirectly RB 21781 963 2 connected connected JJ 21781 963 3 with with IN 21781 963 4 the the DT 21781 963 5 main main JJ 21781 963 6 sac sac NN 21781 963 7 is be VBZ 21781 963 8 a a DT 21781 963 9 spirally spirally RB 21781 963 10 - - HYPH 21781 963 11 twisted twist VBN 21781 963 12 portion portion NN 21781 963 13 , , , 21781 963 14 resembling resemble VBG 21781 963 15 a a DT 21781 963 16 snail snail NN 21781 963 17 shell shell NN 21781 963 18 in in IN 21781 963 19 form form NN 21781 963 20 , , , 21781 963 21 the the DT 21781 963 22 cochlea cochlea NN 21781 963 23 . . . 21781 964 1 This this DT 21781 964 2 last last JJ 21781 964 3 part part NN 21781 964 4 is be VBZ 21781 964 5 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 964 6 of of IN 21781 964 7 the the DT 21781 964 8 mammalia mammalia NN 21781 964 9 , , , 21781 964 10 but but CC 21781 964 11 the the DT 21781 964 12 rest rest NN 21781 964 13 of of IN 21781 964 14 the the DT 21781 964 15 internal internal JJ 21781 964 16 ear ear NN 21781 964 17 is be VBZ 21781 964 18 represented represent VBN 21781 964 19 in in IN 21781 964 20 all all DT 21781 964 21 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 964 22 , , , 21781 964 23 with with IN 21781 964 24 one one CD 21781 964 25 or or CC 21781 964 26 two two CD 21781 964 27 exceptions exception NNS 21781 964 28 . . . 21781 965 1 The the DT 21781 965 2 whole whole NN 21781 965 3 of of IN 21781 965 4 the the DT 21781 965 5 labyrinth labyrinth NN 21781 965 6 is be VBZ 21781 965 7 membranous membranous JJ 21781 965 8 , , , 21781 965 9 and and CC 21781 965 10 contains contain VBZ 21781 965 11 a a DT 21781 965 12 fluid fluid NN 21781 965 13 , , , 21781 965 14 the the DT 21781 965 15 endolymph endolymph NN 21781 965 16 ; ; : 21781 965 17 between between IN 21781 965 18 the the DT 21781 965 19 membranous membranous JJ 21781 965 20 wall wall NN 21781 965 21 of of IN 21781 965 22 the the DT 21781 965 23 labyrinth labyrinth NN 21781 965 24 and and CC 21781 965 25 the the DT 21781 965 26 enclosing enclose VBG 21781 965 27 bone bone NN 21781 965 28 is be VBZ 21781 965 29 a a DT 21781 965 30 space space NN 21781 965 31 containing contain VBG 21781 965 32 the the DT 21781 965 33 perilymph perilymph NN 21781 965 34 . . . 21781 966 1 Strange strange JJ 21781 966 2 as as IN 21781 966 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 966 4 may may MD 21781 966 5 appear appear VB 21781 966 6 at at IN 21781 966 7 first first RB 21781 966 8 , , , 21781 966 9 the the DT 21781 966 10 entire entire JJ 21781 966 11 lining lining NN 21781 966 12 of of IN 21781 966 13 the the DT 21781 966 14 internal internal JJ 21781 966 15 ear ear NN 21781 966 16 is be VBZ 21781 966 17 , , , 21781 966 18 at at IN 21781 966 19 an an DT 21781 966 20 early early JJ 21781 966 21 stage stage NN 21781 966 22 , , , 21781 966 23 continuous continuous JJ 21781 966 24 with with IN 21781 966 25 the the DT 21781 966 26 general general NNP 21781 966 27 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 966 28 of of IN 21781 966 29 the the DT 21781 966 30 animal animal NN 21781 966 31 . . . 21781 967 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 967 2 grows grow VBZ 21781 967 3 in in RP 21781 967 4 just just RB 21781 967 5 as as IN 21781 967 6 a a DT 21781 967 7 gland gland NN 21781 967 8 might may MD 21781 967 9 grow grow VB 21781 967 10 in in RB 21781 967 11 , , , 21781 967 12 and and CC 21781 967 13 is be VBZ 21781 967 14 finally finally RB 21781 967 15 cut cut VBN 21781 967 16 off off RP 21781 967 17 from from IN 21781 967 18 the the DT 21781 967 19 exterior exterior NN 21781 967 20 ; ; : 21781 967 21 but but CC 21781 967 22 a a DT 21781 967 23 considerable considerable JJ 21781 967 24 relic relic NN 21781 967 25 of of IN 21781 967 26 this this DT 21781 967 27 former former JJ 21781 967 28 communication communication NN 21781 967 29 remains remain VBZ 21781 967 30 as as IN 21781 967 31 a a DT 21781 967 32 thin thin JJ 21781 967 33 , , , 21781 967 34 vertical vertical JJ 21781 967 35 blind blind JJ 21781 967 36 tube tube NN 21781 967 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 967 38 not not RB 21781 967 39 shown show VBN 21781 967 40 in in IN 21781 967 41 the the DT 21781 967 42 figure figure NN 21781 967 43 ) ) -RRB- 21781 967 44 , , , 21781 967 45 the the DT 21781 967 46 ductus ductus NNP 21781 967 47 endolymphaticus endolymphaticus NN 21781 967 48 . . . 21781 968 1 Section section NN 21781 968 2 116 116 CD 21781 968 3 . . . 21781 969 1 The the DT 21781 969 2 eighth eighth JJ 21781 969 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 969 4 runs run VBZ 21781 969 5 from from IN 21781 969 6 the the DT 21781 969 7 brain brain NN 21781 969 8 case case NN 21781 969 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 969 10 Cr Cr NNP 21781 969 11 . . . 21781 970 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 970 2 , , , 21781 970 3 into into IN 21781 970 4 the the DT 21781 970 5 periotic periotic JJ 21781 970 6 bone bone NN 21781 970 7 , , , 21781 970 8 and and CC 21781 970 9 is be VBZ 21781 970 10 distributed distribute VBN 21781 970 11 to to IN 21781 970 12 the the DT 21781 970 13 several several JJ 21781 970 14 portions portion NNS 21781 970 15 of of IN 21781 970 16 this this DT 21781 970 17 labyrinth labyrinth NN 21781 970 18 . . . 21781 971 1 In in IN 21781 971 2 an an DT 21781 971 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 971 4 fish fish NN 21781 971 5 this this DT 21781 971 6 internal internal JJ 21781 971 7 ear ear NN 21781 971 8 is be VBZ 21781 971 9 the the DT 21781 971 10 sole sole JJ 21781 971 11 auditory auditory JJ 21781 971 12 organ organ NN 21781 971 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 971 14 should should MD 21781 971 15 find find VB 21781 971 16 ; ; : 21781 971 17 the the DT 21781 971 18 sound sound NN 21781 971 19 - - HYPH 21781 971 20 waves wave NNS 21781 971 21 would would MD 21781 971 22 travel travel VB 21781 971 23 through through IN 21781 971 24 the the DT 21781 971 25 water water NN 21781 971 26 to to IN 21781 971 27 the the DT 21781 971 28 elastic elastic JJ 21781 971 29 cranium cranium NN 21781 971 30 and and CC 21781 971 31 so so RB 21781 971 32 reach reach VB 21781 971 33 and and CC 21781 971 34 affect affect VB 21781 971 35 the the DT 21781 971 36 nerves nerve NNS 21781 971 37 . . . 21781 972 1 But but CC 21781 972 2 in in IN 21781 972 3 all all DT 21781 972 4 air air NN 21781 972 5 - - HYPH 21781 972 6 frequenting frequent VBG 21781 972 7 animals animal NNS 21781 972 8 this this DT 21781 972 9 original original JJ 21781 972 10 plan plan NN 21781 972 11 of of IN 21781 972 12 an an DT 21781 972 13 ear ear NN 21781 972 14 has have VBZ 21781 972 15 to to TO 21781 972 16 be be VB 21781 972 17 added add VBN 21781 972 18 to to IN 21781 972 19 , , , 21781 972 20 to to TO 21781 972 21 fit fit VB 21781 972 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 972 23 to to IN 21781 972 24 the the DT 21781 972 25 much much JJ 21781 972 26 fainter fainter NN 21781 972 27 sound sound NN 21781 972 28 vibrations vibration NNS 21781 972 29 of of IN 21781 972 30 the the DT 21781 972 31 compressible compressible JJ 21781 972 32 and and CC 21781 972 33 far far RB 21781 972 34 less less RBR 21781 972 35 elastic elastic JJ 21781 972 36 air air NN 21781 972 37 . . . 21781 973 1 A a DT 21781 973 2 " " `` 21781 973 3 receiving receiving NN 21781 973 4 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 973 5 " " '' 21781 973 6 is be VBZ 21781 973 7 needed need VBN 21781 973 8 , , , 21781 973 9 and and CC 21781 973 10 is be VBZ 21781 973 11 supplied supply VBN 21781 973 12 by by IN 21781 973 13 the the DT 21781 973 14 ear ear NN 21781 973 15 - - HYPH 21781 973 16 drum drum NN 21781 973 17 , , , 21781 973 18 middle middle JJ 21781 973 19 ear ear NN 21781 973 20 , , , 21781 973 21 or or CC 21781 973 22 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 973 23 cavity cavity NN 21781 973 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 973 25 T. t. NN 21781 973 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 973 27 . . . 21781 974 1 In in IN 21781 974 2 the the DT 21781 974 3 mammal mammal NN 21781 974 4 there there EX 21781 974 5 is be VBZ 21781 974 6 also also RB 21781 974 7 a a DT 21781 974 8 collecting collect VBG 21781 974 9 ear ear NN 21781 974 10 trumpet trumpet NN 21781 974 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 974 12 the the DT 21781 974 13 ear ear NN 21781 974 14 commonly commonly RB 21781 974 15 so so RB 21781 974 16 - - HYPH 21781 974 17 called call VBN 21781 974 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 974 19 , , , 21781 974 20 the the DT 21781 974 21 external external JJ 21781 974 22 ear ear NN 21781 974 23 , , , 21781 974 24 and and CC 21781 974 25 external external JJ 21781 974 26 auditory auditory JJ 21781 974 27 meatus meatus NNP 21781 974 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 974 29 e.a.m e.a.m NNP 21781 974 30 . . . 21781 974 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 974 32 . . . 21781 975 1 A a DT 21781 975 2 tightly tightly RB 21781 975 3 stretched stretch VBN 21781 975 4 membrane membrane NN 21781 975 5 , , , 21781 975 6 the the DT 21781 975 7 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 975 8 membrane membrane NN 21781 975 9 , , , 21781 975 10 separates separate VBZ 21781 975 11 this this DT 21781 975 12 from from IN 21781 975 13 the the DT 21781 975 14 drum drum NN 21781 975 15 . . . 21781 976 1 A a DT 21781 976 2 chain chain NN 21781 976 3 of of IN 21781 976 4 small small JJ 21781 976 5 bones bone NNS 21781 976 6 , , , 21781 976 7 the the DT 21781 976 8 malleus malleus NNP 21781 976 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 976 10 m. m. NNP 21781 976 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 976 12 , , , 21781 976 13 the the DT 21781 976 14 incus incus NN 21781 976 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 976 16 i. i. NNP 21781 977 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 977 2 , , , 21781 977 3 the the DT 21781 977 4 os os NNP 21781 977 5 orbiculare orbiculare NNP 21781 977 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 977 7 o.or o.or NN 21781 977 8 . . . 21781 978 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 978 2 , , , 21781 978 3 a a DT 21781 978 4 very very RB 21781 978 5 small small JJ 21781 978 6 bone bone NN 21781 978 7 , , , 21781 978 8 and and CC 21781 978 9 a a DT 21781 978 10 stirrup stirrup NN 21781 978 11 - - HYPH 21781 978 12 shaped shape VBN 21781 978 13 stapes stape NNS 21781 978 14 , , , 21781 978 15 swing swing VBP 21781 978 16 across across IN 21781 978 17 the the DT 21781 978 18 tympanum tympanum NN 21781 978 19 , , , 21781 978 20 from from IN 21781 978 21 the the DT 21781 978 22 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 978 23 membrane membrane NN 21781 978 24 to to IN 21781 978 25 the the DT 21781 978 26 internal internal JJ 21781 978 27 ear ear NN 21781 978 28 . . . 21781 979 1 At at IN 21781 979 2 two two CD 21781 979 3 points point NNS 21781 979 4 the the DT 21781 979 5 bony bony NN 21781 979 6 investment investment NN 21781 979 7 of of IN 21781 979 8 this this DT 21781 979 9 last last JJ 21781 979 10 is be VBZ 21781 979 11 incomplete-- incomplete-- RB 21781 979 12 at at IN 21781 979 13 the the DT 21781 979 14 fenestra fenestra NNP 21781 979 15 rotunda rotunda NNP 21781 979 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 979 17 f.r f.r NNP 21781 979 18 . . . 21781 980 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 980 2 , , , 21781 980 3 and and CC 21781 980 4 at at IN 21781 980 5 the the DT 21781 980 6 fenestra fenestra NNP 21781 980 7 ovalis ovalis NNP 21781 980 8 , , , 21781 980 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 980 10 f.o f.o NNP 21781 980 11 . . . 21781 981 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 981 2 , , , 21781 981 3 into into IN 21781 981 4 which which WDT 21781 981 5 latter latter JJ 21781 981 6 the the DT 21781 981 7 end end NN 21781 981 8 of of IN 21781 981 9 the the DT 21781 981 10 stapes stape NNS 21781 981 11 fits fit VBZ 21781 981 12 , , , 21781 981 13 and and CC 21781 981 14 so so RB 21781 981 15 communicates communicate VBZ 21781 981 16 the the DT 21781 981 17 sound sound JJ 21781 981 18 vibrations vibration NNS 21781 981 19 of of IN 21781 981 20 the the DT 21781 981 21 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 981 22 membrane membrane NN 21781 981 23 to to IN 21781 981 24 the the DT 21781 981 25 endolymph endolymph NN 21781 981 26 . . . 21781 982 1 A a DT 21781 982 2 passage passage NN 21781 982 3 , , , 21781 982 4 the the DT 21781 982 5 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 982 6 tube tube NN 21781 982 7 , , , 21781 982 8 communicates communicate VBZ 21781 982 9 between between IN 21781 982 10 the the DT 21781 982 11 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 982 12 cavity cavity NN 21781 982 13 and and CC 21781 982 14 the the DT 21781 982 15 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 982 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 982 17 Ph Ph NNP 21781 982 18 . . . 21781 983 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 983 2 , , , 21781 983 3 and and CC 21781 983 4 serves serve VBZ 21781 983 5 to to TO 21781 983 6 equalize equalize VB 21781 983 7 the the DT 21781 983 8 pressure pressure NN 21781 983 9 on on IN 21781 983 10 either either DT 21781 983 11 side side NN 21781 983 12 of of IN 21781 983 13 the the DT 21781 983 14 drum drum NN 21781 983 15 - - HYPH 21781 983 16 head head NN 21781 983 17 . . . 21781 984 1 A a DT 21781 984 2 comparative comparative JJ 21781 984 3 study study NN 21781 984 4 of of IN 21781 984 5 the the DT 21781 984 6 ears ear NNS 21781 984 7 of of IN 21781 984 8 the the DT 21781 984 9 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 984 10 brings bring VBZ 21781 984 11 to to TO 21781 984 12 light light VB 21781 984 13 the the DT 21781 984 14 fact fact NN 21781 984 15 that that IN 21781 984 16 , , , 21781 984 17 as as IN 21781 984 18 we -PRON- PRP 21781 984 19 descend descend VBP 21781 984 20 in in IN 21781 984 21 the the DT 21781 984 22 animal animal NN 21781 984 23 scale scale NN 21781 984 24 , , , 21781 984 25 the the DT 21781 984 26 four four CD 21781 984 27 ear ear NN 21781 984 28 ossicles ossicle NNS 21781 984 29 are be VBP 21781 984 30 replaced replace VBN 21781 984 31 by by IN 21781 984 32 large large JJ 21781 984 33 bones bone NNS 21781 984 34 and and CC 21781 984 35 cartilages cartilage NNS 21781 984 36 connected connect VBN 21781 984 37 with with IN 21781 984 38 the the DT 21781 984 39 jaw jaw NN 21781 984 40 , , , 21781 984 41 and and CC 21781 984 42 the the DT 21781 984 43 drum drum NN 21781 984 44 and and CC 21781 984 45 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 984 46 tube tube NN 21781 984 47 by by IN 21781 984 48 a a DT 21781 984 49 gill gill JJ 21781 984 50 slit slit NN 21781 984 51 . . . 21781 985 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 985 2 have have VBP 21781 985 3 , , , 21781 985 4 in in IN 21781 985 5 fact fact NN 21781 985 6 , , , 21781 985 7 in in IN 21781 985 8 the the DT 21781 985 9 ear ear NN 21781 985 10 , , , 21781 985 11 as as IN 21781 985 12 the the DT 21781 985 13 student student NN 21781 985 14 will will MD 21781 985 15 perceive perceive VB 21781 985 16 in in IN 21781 985 17 the the DT 21781 985 18 sequel sequel NN 21781 985 19 , , , 21781 985 20 an an DT 21781 985 21 essentially essentially RB 21781 985 22 aquatic aquatic JJ 21781 985 23 auditory auditory JJ 21781 985 24 organ organ NN 21781 985 25 , , , 21781 985 26 added add VBN 21781 985 27 to to IN 21781 985 28 and and CC 21781 985 29 patched patch VBN 21781 985 30 up up RP 21781 985 31 to to TO 21781 985 32 fit fit VB 21781 985 33 the the DT 21781 985 34 new new JJ 21781 985 35 needs need NNS 21781 985 36 of of IN 21781 985 37 a a DT 21781 985 38 life life NN 21781 985 39 out out IN 21781 985 40 of of IN 21781 985 41 water water NN 21781 985 42 . . . 21781 986 1 Section section NN 21781 986 2 117 117 CD 21781 986 3 . . . 21781 987 1 The the DT 21781 987 2 impressions impression NNS 21781 987 3 of of IN 21781 987 4 smell smell NN 21781 987 5 are be VBP 21781 987 6 conducted conduct VBN 21781 987 7 through through IN 21781 987 8 the the DT 21781 987 9 first first JJ 21781 987 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 987 11 to to IN 21781 987 12 the the DT 21781 987 13 brain brain NN 21781 987 14 , , , 21781 987 15 and and CC 21781 987 16 are be VBP 21781 987 17 first first RB 21781 987 18 received receive VBN 21781 987 19 by by IN 21781 987 20 special special JJ 21781 987 21 hair hair NN 21781 987 22 - - HYPH 21781 987 23 bearing bear VBG 21781 987 24 cells cell NNS 21781 987 25 in in IN 21781 987 26 the the DT 21781 987 27 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 987 28 mucous mucous JJ 21781 987 29 membrane membrane NN 21781 987 30 of of IN 21781 987 31 the the DT 21781 987 32 upper upper JJ 21781 987 33 part part NN 21781 987 34 of of IN 21781 987 35 the the DT 21781 987 36 nasal nasal NN 21781 987 37 passage passage NN 21781 987 38 . . . 21781 988 1 The the DT 21781 988 2 sense sense NN 21781 988 3 of of IN 21781 988 4 taste taste NN 21781 988 5 has have VBZ 21781 988 6 a a DT 21781 988 7 special special JJ 21781 988 8 nerve nerve NN 21781 988 9 in in IN 21781 988 10 the the DT 21781 988 11 ninth ninth JJ 21781 988 12 , , , 21781 988 13 the the DT 21781 988 14 fibres fibre NNS 21781 988 15 of of IN 21781 988 16 which which WDT 21781 988 17 terminate terminate NN 21781 988 18 in in IN 21781 988 19 special special JJ 21781 988 20 cells cell NNS 21781 988 21 and and CC 21781 988 22 cell cell NN 21781 988 23 aggregates aggregate NNS 21781 988 24 in in IN 21781 988 25 the the DT 21781 988 26 little little JJ 21781 988 27 papillae papillae NN 21781 988 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 988 29 velvet velvet NNP 21781 988 30 pile pile NN 21781 988 31 - - HYPH 21781 988 32 like like JJ 21781 988 33 processes process NNS 21781 988 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 988 35 that that WDT 21781 988 36 cover cover VBP 21781 988 37 the the DT 21781 988 38 tongue tongue NN 21781 988 39 . . . 21781 989 1 Section section NN 21781 989 2 118 118 CD 21781 989 3 . . . 21781 990 1 At at IN 21781 990 2 an an DT 21781 990 3 early early JJ 21781 990 4 stage stage NN 21781 990 5 in in IN 21781 990 6 development development NN 21781 990 7 , , , 21781 990 8 the the DT 21781 990 9 brain brain NN 21781 990 10 of of IN 21781 990 11 a a DT 21781 990 12 mammal mammal JJ 21781 990 13 consists consist VBZ 21781 990 14 of of IN 21781 990 15 a a DT 21781 990 16 linear linear JJ 21781 990 17 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 990 18 of of IN 21781 990 19 three three CD 21781 990 20 hollow hollow JJ 21781 990 21 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 990 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 990 23 Figure Figure NNP 21781 990 24 5 5 CD 21781 990 25 , , , 21781 990 26 Sheet sheet NN 21781 990 27 VIII VIII NNP 21781 990 28 . . . 21781 990 29 , , , 21781 990 30 1 1 CD 21781 990 31 , , , 21781 990 32 2 2 CD 21781 990 33 , , , 21781 990 34 and and CC 21781 990 35 3 3 CD 21781 990 36 ) ) -RRB- 21781 990 37 , , , 21781 990 38 which which WDT 21781 990 39 are be VBP 21781 990 40 the the DT 21781 990 41 fore- fore- NN 21781 990 42 , , , 21781 990 43 mid- mid- NN 21781 990 44 , , , 21781 990 45 and and CC 21781 990 46 hind hind NN 21781 990 47 - - HYPH 21781 990 48 brain brain NN 21781 990 49 respectively respectively RB 21781 990 50 . . . 21781 991 1 The the DT 21781 991 2 cavities cavity NNS 21781 991 3 in in IN 21781 991 4 these these DT 21781 991 5 in in IN 21781 991 6 these these DT 21781 991 7 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 991 8 are be VBP 21781 991 9 continuous continuous JJ 21781 991 10 with with IN 21781 991 11 a a DT 21781 991 12 hollow hollow JJ 21781 991 13 running run VBG 21781 991 14 through through IN 21781 991 15 the the DT 21781 991 16 spinal spinal JJ 21781 991 17 cord cord NN 21781 991 18 . . . 21781 992 1 On on IN 21781 992 2 the the DT 21781 992 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 992 4 side side NN 21781 992 5 of of IN 21781 992 6 the the DT 21781 992 7 fore fore NN 21781 992 8 - - HYPH 21781 992 9 brain brain NN 21781 992 10 is be VBZ 21781 992 11 a a DT 21781 992 12 structure structure NN 21781 992 13 to to TO 21781 992 14 be be VB 21781 992 15 dealt deal VBN 21781 992 16 with with IN 21781 992 17 more more RBR 21781 992 18 fully fully RB 21781 992 19 later later RBR 21781 992 20 , , , 21781 992 21 the the DT 21781 992 22 pineal pineal NN 21781 992 23 gland gland NNP 21781 992 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 992 25 p.g p.g NNP 21781 992 26 . . . 21781 993 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 993 2 , , , 21781 993 3 while while IN 21781 993 4 on on IN 21781 993 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 993 6 under under JJ 21781 993 7 surface surface NN 21781 993 8 is be VBZ 21781 993 9 the the DT 21781 993 10 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 993 11 body body NN 21781 993 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 993 13 pt pt UH 21781 993 14 . . . 21781 993 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 993 16 . . . 21781 994 1 Section section NN 21781 994 2 119 119 CD 21781 994 3 . . . 21781 995 1 The the DT 21781 995 2 lower low JJR 21781 995 3 figure figure NN 21781 995 4 of of IN 21781 995 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 995 6 5 5 CD 21781 995 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 995 8 shows show NNS 21781 995 9 , , , 21781 995 10 in in IN 21781 995 11 a a DT 21781 995 12 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 995 13 manner manner NN 21781 995 14 , , , 21781 995 15 the the DT 21781 995 16 derivation derivation NN 21781 995 17 of of IN 21781 995 18 the the DT 21781 995 19 adult adult NN 21781 995 20 brain brain NN 21781 995 21 from from IN 21781 995 22 this this DT 21781 995 23 primitive primitive JJ 21781 995 24 state state NN 21781 995 25 . . . 21781 996 1 From from IN 21781 996 2 the the DT 21781 996 3 fore fore JJ 21781 996 4 - - HYPH 21781 996 5 brain brain NN 21781 996 6 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 996 7 , , , 21781 996 8 a a DT 21781 996 9 hollow hollow JJ 21781 996 10 outgrowth outgrowth NN 21781 996 11 on on IN 21781 996 12 either either DT 21781 996 13 side side NN 21781 996 14 gives give VBZ 21781 996 15 rises rise NNS 21781 996 16 to to IN 21781 996 17 the the DT 21781 996 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 996 19 paired paired JJ 21781 996 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 996 21 cerebral cerebral NNP 21781 996 22 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 996 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 996 24 c.h c.h NNP 21781 996 25 . . . 21781 997 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 997 2 , , , 21781 997 3 which which WDT 21781 997 4 is be VBZ 21781 997 5 prolonged prolong VBN 21781 997 6 forward forward RB 21781 997 7 as as IN 21781 997 8 the the DT 21781 997 9 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 997 10 lobe lobe NNP 21781 997 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 997 12 o.l o.l NNP 21781 997 13 . . NNP 21781 997 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 997 15 . . . 21781 998 1 From from IN 21781 998 2 the the DT 21781 998 3 fore fore NN 21781 998 4 - - HYPH 21781 998 5 brain brain NN 21781 998 6 the the DT 21781 998 7 retina retina NN 21781 998 8 of of IN 21781 998 9 the the DT 21781 998 10 eye eye NN 21781 998 11 and and CC 21781 998 12 the the DT 21781 998 13 optic optic JJ 21781 998 14 nerve nerve NN 21781 998 15 also also RB 21781 998 16 originate originate VBP 21781 998 17 as as IN 21781 998 18 an an DT 21781 998 19 , , , 21781 998 20 at at IN 21781 998 21 first first JJ 21781 998 22 , , , 21781 998 23 hollow hollow JJ 21781 998 24 outgrowth outgrowth NN 21781 998 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 998 26 op op NN 21781 998 27 . . . 21781 998 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 998 29 . . . 21781 999 1 The the DT 21781 999 2 roof roof NN 21781 999 3 of of IN 21781 999 4 the the DT 21781 999 5 mid mid JJ 21781 999 6 - - NN 21781 999 7 brain brain NN 21781 999 8 is be VBZ 21781 999 9 also also RB 21781 999 10 thickened thicken VBN 21781 999 11 , , , 21781 999 12 and and CC 21781 999 13 bulges bulge VBZ 21781 999 14 up up RP 21781 999 15 to to TO 21781 999 16 form form VB 21781 999 17 two two CD 21781 999 18 pairs pair NNS 21781 999 19 of of IN 21781 999 20 thickenings thickening NNS 21781 999 21 , , , 21781 999 22 the the DT 21781 999 23 corpora corpora NN 21781 999 24 quadrigemina quadrigemina NNP 21781 999 25 , , , 21781 999 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 999 27 c.q c.q NNP 21781 999 28 . . NNP 21781 999 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 999 30 . . . 21781 1000 1 The the DT 21781 1000 2 hind hind JJ 21781 1000 3 - - HYPH 21781 1000 4 brain brain NN 21781 1000 5 sends send VBZ 21781 1000 6 up up RB 21781 1000 7 in in IN 21781 1000 8 front front NN 21781 1000 9 a a DT 21781 1000 10 median median JJ 21781 1000 11 outgrowth outgrowth NN 21781 1000 12 , , , 21781 1000 13 which which WDT 21781 1000 14 develops develop VBZ 21781 1000 15 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1000 16 wings wing NNS 21781 1000 17 , , , 21781 1000 18 the the DT 21781 1000 19 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 1000 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1000 21 cbm cbm NN 21781 1000 22 . . . 21781 1001 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1001 2 , , , 21781 1001 3 behind behind IN 21781 1001 4 which which WDT 21781 1001 5 the the DT 21781 1001 6 remainder remainder NN 21781 1001 7 of of IN 21781 1001 8 the the DT 21781 1001 9 hind hind NN 21781 1001 10 - - HYPH 21781 1001 11 brain brain NN 21781 1001 12 is be VBZ 21781 1001 13 called call VBN 21781 1001 14 the the DT 21781 1001 15 medulla medulla NNP 21781 1001 16 oblongata oblongata NN 21781 1001 17 , , , 21781 1001 18 and and CC 21781 1001 19 passes pass VBZ 21781 1001 20 without without IN 21781 1001 21 any any DT 21781 1001 22 very very RB 21781 1001 23 definite definite JJ 21781 1001 24 demarcation demarcation NN 21781 1001 25 into into IN 21781 1001 26 the the DT 21781 1001 27 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1001 28 cord cord NN 21781 1001 29 . . . 21781 1002 1 Section section NN 21781 1002 2 120 120 CD 21781 1002 3 . . . 21781 1003 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1003 2 1 1 CD 21781 1003 3 is be VBZ 21781 1003 4 a a DT 21781 1003 5 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 1003 6 figure figure NN 21781 1003 7 of of IN 21781 1003 8 the the DT 21781 1003 9 actual actual JJ 21781 1003 10 state state NN 21781 1003 11 of of IN 21781 1003 12 affairs affair NNS 21781 1003 13 in in IN 21781 1003 14 the the DT 21781 1003 15 adult adult NN 21781 1003 16 . . . 21781 1004 1 The the DT 21781 1004 2 brain brain NN 21781 1004 3 is be VBZ 21781 1004 4 seen see VBN 21781 1004 5 in in IN 21781 1004 6 median median JJ 21781 1004 7 vertical vertical JJ 21781 1004 8 section section NN 21781 1004 9 . . . 21781 1005 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1005 2 ch ch NNP 21781 1005 3 . . . 21781 1005 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1006 1 is be VBZ 21781 1006 2 the the DT 21781 1006 3 right right JJ 21781 1006 4 cerebral cerebral NN 21781 1006 5 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 1006 6 , , , 21781 1006 7 an an DT 21781 1006 8 inflated inflated JJ 21781 1006 9 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 1006 10 , , , 21781 1006 11 which which WDT 21781 1006 12 , , , 21781 1006 13 in in IN 21781 1006 14 the the DT 21781 1006 15 mammal-- mammal-- NN 21781 1006 16 but but CC 21781 1006 17 not not RB 21781 1006 18 in in IN 21781 1006 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1006 20 lower low JJR 21781 1006 21 types-- types-- NN 21781 1006 22 reaches reach VBZ 21781 1006 23 back back RB 21781 1006 24 over over IN 21781 1006 25 the the DT 21781 1006 26 rest rest NN 21781 1006 27 of of IN 21781 1006 28 the the DT 21781 1006 29 fore fore NN 21781 1006 30 - - HYPH 21781 1006 31 brain brain NN 21781 1006 32 , , , 21781 1006 33 and and CC 21781 1006 34 also also RB 21781 1006 35 over over IN 21781 1006 36 the the DT 21781 1006 37 mid mid JJ 21781 1006 38 - - NN 21781 1006 39 brain brain NN 21781 1006 40 , , , 21781 1006 41 and and CC 21781 1006 42 hides hide VBZ 21781 1006 43 these these DT 21781 1006 44 and and CC 21781 1006 45 the the DT 21781 1006 46 pineal pineal NN 21781 1006 47 gland gland NN 21781 1006 48 in in IN 21781 1006 49 the the DT 21781 1006 50 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1006 51 view view NN 21781 1006 52 of of IN 21781 1006 53 the the DT 21781 1006 54 brain brain NN 21781 1006 55 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1006 56 Figure figure NN 21781 1006 57 2 2 CD 21781 1006 58 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1006 59 . . . 21781 1007 1 The the DT 21781 1007 2 hollow hollow JJ 21781 1007 3 of of IN 21781 1007 4 the the DT 21781 1007 5 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 1007 6 on on IN 21781 1007 7 either either DT 21781 1007 8 side side NN 21781 1007 9 communicates communicate NNS 21781 1007 10 with with IN 21781 1007 11 the the DT 21781 1007 12 third third JJ 21781 1007 13 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1007 14 , , , 21781 1007 15 the the DT 21781 1007 16 original original JJ 21781 1007 17 cavity cavity NN 21781 1007 18 of of IN 21781 1007 19 the the DT 21781 1007 20 fore fore NN 21781 1007 21 - - HYPH 21781 1007 22 brain brain NN 21781 1007 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1007 24 1 1 CD 21781 1007 25 in in IN 21781 1007 26 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1007 27 5 5 CD 21781 1007 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1007 29 , , , 21781 1007 30 by by IN 21781 1007 31 an an DT 21781 1007 32 aperture aperture NN 21781 1007 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1007 34 the the DT 21781 1007 35 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1007 36 of of IN 21781 1007 37 Monro Monro NNP 21781 1007 38 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1007 39 , , , 21781 1007 40 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1007 41 by by IN 21781 1007 42 a a DT 21781 1007 43 black black JJ 21781 1007 44 arrow arrow NN 21781 1007 45 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1007 46 f f NNP 21781 1007 47 . . . 21781 1007 48 M. M. NNP 21781 1007 49 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1007 50 . . . 21781 1008 1 Besides besides IN 21781 1008 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1008 3 original original JJ 21781 1008 4 communication communication NN 21781 1008 5 through through IN 21781 1008 6 the the DT 21781 1008 7 intermediation intermediation NN 21781 1008 8 of of IN 21781 1008 9 the the DT 21781 1008 10 fore fore NN 21781 1008 11 - - HYPH 21781 1008 12 brain brain NN 21781 1008 13 , , , 21781 1008 14 the the DT 21781 1008 15 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 1008 16 are be VBP 21781 1008 17 also also RB 21781 1008 18 united united JJ 21781 1008 19 above above IN 21781 1008 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1008 21 roof roof NN 21781 1008 22 by by IN 21781 1008 23 a a DT 21781 1008 24 broad broad JJ 21781 1008 25 bridge bridge NN 21781 1008 26 of of IN 21781 1008 27 fibre fibre NNP 21781 1008 28 , , , 21781 1008 29 the the DT 21781 1008 30 corpus corpus NNP 21781 1008 31 callosum callosum NNP 21781 1008 32 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1008 33 c.c c.c NNP 21781 1008 34 . . . 21781 1009 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1009 2 , , , 21781 1009 3 which which WDT 21781 1009 4 is be VBZ 21781 1009 5 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 1009 6 of of IN 21781 1009 7 the the DT 21781 1009 8 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1009 9 animals animal NNS 21781 1009 10 . . . 21781 1010 1 The the DT 21781 1010 2 original original JJ 21781 1010 3 fore fore NN 21781 1010 4 - - HYPH 21781 1010 5 brain brain NN 21781 1010 6 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 1010 7 has have VBZ 21781 1010 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1010 9 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1010 10 walls wall NNS 21781 1010 11 thickened thicken VBD 21781 1010 12 to to TO 21781 1010 13 form form VB 21781 1010 14 the the DT 21781 1010 15 optic optic JJ 21781 1010 16 thalami thalami NN 21781 1010 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1010 18 o.th o.th NNP 21781 1010 19 . . . 21781 1011 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1011 2 , , , 21781 1011 3 between between IN 21781 1011 4 which which WDT 21781 1011 5 a a DT 21781 1011 6 middle middle JJ 21781 1011 7 commissure commissure NN 21781 1011 8 , , , 21781 1011 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1011 10 m.c m.c NNP 21781 1011 11 . . . 21781 1012 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1012 2 , , , 21781 1012 3 absent absent JJ 21781 1012 4 in in IN 21781 1012 5 lower low JJR 21781 1012 6 types type NNS 21781 1012 7 , , , 21781 1012 8 stretches stretch VBZ 21781 1012 9 like like IN 21781 1012 10 a a DT 21781 1012 11 great great JJ 21781 1012 12 beam beam NN 21781 1012 13 across across IN 21781 1012 14 the the DT 21781 1012 15 third third JJ 21781 1012 16 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1012 17 . . . 21781 1013 1 The the DT 21781 1013 2 original original JJ 21781 1013 3 fore fore NN 21781 1013 4 - - HYPH 21781 1013 5 brain brain NN 21781 1013 6 is be VBZ 21781 1013 7 often often RB 21781 1013 8 called call VBN 21781 1013 9 the the DT 21781 1013 10 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NN 21781 1013 11 , , , 21781 1013 12 the the DT 21781 1013 13 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 1013 14 , , , 21781 1013 15 the the DT 21781 1013 16 prosencephalon prosencephalon NN 21781 1013 17 , , , 21781 1013 18 the the DT 21781 1013 19 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 1013 20 lobes lob VBZ 21781 1013 21 , , , 21781 1013 22 the the DT 21781 1013 23 rhinencephalon rhinencephalon NN 21781 1013 24 . . . 21781 1014 1 Section section NN 21781 1014 2 121 121 CD 21781 1014 3 . . . 21781 1015 1 The the DT 21781 1015 2 parts part NNS 21781 1015 3 of of IN 21781 1015 4 mid mid JJ 21781 1015 5 - - NN 21781 1015 6 brain brain NN 21781 1015 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1015 8 mesencephalon mesencephalon NN 21781 1015 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1015 10 will will MD 21781 1015 11 be be VB 21781 1015 12 easily easily RB 21781 1015 13 recognised recognise VBN 21781 1015 14 . . . 21781 1016 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1016 2 cavity cavity NN 21781 1016 3 is be VBZ 21781 1016 4 in in IN 21781 1016 5 the the DT 21781 1016 6 adult adult NN 21781 1016 7 mammal mammal NN 21781 1016 8 called call VBD 21781 1016 9 the the DT 21781 1016 10 iter iter NN 21781 1016 11 ; ; : 21781 1016 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1016 13 floor floor NN 21781 1016 14 is be VBZ 21781 1016 15 differentiated differentiate VBN 21781 1016 16 into into IN 21781 1016 17 bundles bundle NNS 21781 1016 18 of of IN 21781 1016 19 fibres fibre NNS 21781 1016 20 , , , 21781 1016 21 the the DT 21781 1016 22 crura crura NNP 21781 1016 23 cerebri cerebri NNP 21781 1016 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1016 25 c.cb c.cb NNP 21781 1016 26 . . . 21781 1017 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1017 2 , , , 21781 1017 3 figured figure VBN 21781 1017 4 also also RB 21781 1017 5 in in IN 21781 1017 6 Figure figure NN 21781 1017 7 4 4 CD 21781 1017 8 . . . 21781 1018 1 Section section NN 21781 1018 2 122 122 CD 21781 1018 3 . . . 21781 1019 1 The the DT 21781 1019 2 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 1019 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1019 4 metencephalon metencephalon NN 21781 1019 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1019 6 consists consist VBZ 21781 1019 7 of of IN 21781 1019 8 a a DT 21781 1019 9 central central JJ 21781 1019 10 mass mass NN 21781 1019 11 , , , 21781 1019 12 the the DT 21781 1019 13 vermis vermis NNP 21781 1019 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1019 15 v.cbm v.cbm NNP 21781 1019 16 . . . 21781 1020 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1020 2 , , , 21781 1020 3 and and CC 21781 1020 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1020 5 also also RB 21781 1020 6 has have VBZ 21781 1020 7 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1020 8 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1020 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1020 10 l.l l.l NNP 21781 1020 11 . . . 21781 1021 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1021 2 , , , 21781 1021 3 prolonged prolong VBN 21781 1021 4 into into IN 21781 1021 5 flocculi flocculi NNP 21781 1021 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1021 7 f.cbm f.cbm UH 21781 1021 8 . . . 21781 1022 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1022 2 , , , 21781 1022 3 which which WDT 21781 1022 4 lastare lastare VBD 21781 1022 5 -em -em : 21781 1022 6 - - HYPH 21781 1022 7 bedded bed VBN 21781 1022 8 in in IN 21781 1022 9 pits pit NNS 21781 1022 10 , , , 21781 1022 11 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1022 12 in in IN 21781 1022 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1022 14 the the DT 21781 1022 15 periotic periotic JJ 21781 1022 16 bone bone NN 21781 1022 17 , , , 21781 1022 18 and and CC 21781 1022 19 on on IN 21781 1022 20 that that DT 21781 1022 21 account account NN 21781 1022 22 render render VBP 21781 1022 23 the the DT 21781 1022 24 extraction extraction NN 21781 1022 25 of of IN 21781 1022 26 the the DT 21781 1022 27 brain brain NN 21781 1022 28 from from IN 21781 1022 29 the the DT 21781 1022 30 cranium cranium NN 21781 1022 31 far far RB 21781 1022 32 more more RBR 21781 1022 33 difficult difficult JJ 21781 1022 34 than than IN 21781 1022 35 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1022 36 would would MD 21781 1022 37 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 1022 38 be be VB 21781 1022 39 . . . 21781 1023 1 The the DT 21781 1023 2 roof roof NN 21781 1023 3 of of IN 21781 1023 4 the the DT 21781 1023 5 hind hind NN 21781 1023 6 - - HYPH 21781 1023 7 brain brain NN 21781 1023 8 , , , 21781 1023 9 before before RB 21781 1023 10 and and CC 21781 1023 11 behind behind IN 21781 1023 12 the the DT 21781 1023 13 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 1023 14 , , , 21781 1023 15 consists consist VBZ 21781 1023 16 of of IN 21781 1023 17 extremely extremely RB 21781 1023 18 thin thin JJ 21781 1023 19 plates plate NNS 21781 1023 20 of of IN 21781 1023 21 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1023 22 matter matter NN 21781 1023 23 . . . 21781 1024 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1024 2 floor floor NN 21781 1024 3 is be VBZ 21781 1024 4 greatly greatly RB 21781 1024 5 thickened thicken VBN 21781 1024 6 to to TO 21781 1024 7 form form VB 21781 1024 8 the the DT 21781 1024 9 mass mass NN 21781 1024 10 of of IN 21781 1024 11 the the DT 21781 1024 12 medulla medulla NN 21781 1024 13 , , , 21781 1024 14 and and CC 21781 1024 15 in in IN 21781 1024 16 front front NN 21781 1024 17 a a DT 21781 1024 18 great great JJ 21781 1024 19 transverse transverse JJ 21781 1024 20 track track NN 21781 1024 21 of of IN 21781 1024 22 fibres fibre NNS 21781 1024 23 is be VBZ 21781 1024 24 specialized specialize VBN 21781 1024 25 , , , 21781 1024 26 the the DT 21781 1024 27 pons pon NNS 21781 1024 28 Varolii Varolii NNP 21781 1024 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1024 30 p p NN 21781 1024 31 . . . 21781 1024 32 V. V. NNP 21781 1024 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1024 34 . . . 21781 1025 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1025 2 cavity cavity NN 21781 1025 3 is be VBZ 21781 1025 4 called call VBN 21781 1025 5 , , , 21781 1025 6 the the DT 21781 1025 7 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1025 8 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1025 9 . . . 21781 1026 1 Section section NN 21781 1026 2 123 123 CD 21781 1026 3 . . . 21781 1027 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1027 2 2 2 CD 21781 1027 3 gives give VBZ 21781 1027 4 a a DT 21781 1027 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1027 6 view view NN 21781 1027 7 of of IN 21781 1027 8 the the DT 21781 1027 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1027 10 's 's POS 21781 1027 11 brain brain NN 21781 1027 12 ; ; : 21781 1027 13 a a DT 21781 1027 14 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 1027 15 slice slice NN 21781 1027 16 has have VBZ 21781 1027 17 been be VBN 21781 1027 18 taken take VBN 21781 1027 19 at at IN 21781 1027 20 the the DT 21781 1027 21 level level NN 21781 1027 22 of of IN 21781 1027 23 the the DT 21781 1027 24 corpus corpus NNP 21781 1027 25 callosum callosum NNP 21781 1027 26 . . . 21781 1028 1 The the DT 21781 1028 2 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1028 3 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1028 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1028 5 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 1028 6 , , , 21781 1028 7 the the DT 21781 1028 8 hollows hollow NNS 21781 1028 9 of of IN 21781 1028 10 the the DT 21781 1028 11 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 1028 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1028 13 is be VBZ 21781 1028 14 not not RB 21781 1028 15 yet yet RB 21781 1028 16 opened open VBN 21781 1028 17 . . . 21781 1029 1 A a DT 21781 1029 2 lower low JJR 21781 1029 3 cut cut NN 21781 1029 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1029 5 Figure figure NN 21781 1029 6 3 3 CD 21781 1029 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1029 8 exposes expose NNS 21781 1029 9 this this DT 21781 1029 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1029 11 V.L. V.L. NNP 21781 1029 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1029 13 . . . 21781 1030 1 The the DT 21781 1030 2 level level NN 21781 1030 3 of of IN 21781 1030 4 these these DT 21781 1030 5 slices slice NNS 21781 1030 6 is be VBZ 21781 1030 7 approximately approximately RB 21781 1030 8 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1030 9 in in IN 21781 1030 10 Figure figure NN 21781 1030 11 1 1 CD 21781 1030 12 by by IN 21781 1030 13 the the DT 21781 1030 14 lines line NNS 21781 1030 15 A A NNP 21781 1030 16 and and CC 21781 1030 17 B. B. NNP 21781 1031 1 This this DT 21781 1031 2 latter latter JJ 21781 1031 3 figure figure NN 21781 1031 4 will will MD 21781 1031 5 repay repay VB 21781 1031 6 careful careful JJ 21781 1031 7 examination examination NN 21781 1031 8 . . . 21781 1032 1 The the DT 21781 1032 2 arrow arrow NN 21781 1032 3 , , , 21781 1032 4 ar ar NNP 21781 1032 5 . . NNP 21781 1032 6 , , , 21781 1032 7 plunges plunge NNS 21781 1032 8 into into IN 21781 1032 9 the the DT 21781 1032 10 third third JJ 21781 1032 11 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1032 12 , , , 21781 1032 13 behind behind IN 21781 1032 14 the the DT 21781 1032 15 great great JJ 21781 1032 16 middle middle JJ 21781 1032 17 commissure commissure NNP 21781 1032 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1032 19 m.c m.c NNP 21781 1032 20 . . . 21781 1033 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1033 2 , , , 21781 1033 3 and and CC 21781 1033 4 the the DT 21781 1033 5 barb barb NNP 21781 1033 6 is be VBZ 21781 1033 7 supposed suppose VBN 21781 1033 8 to to TO 21781 1033 9 lie lie VB 21781 1033 10 under under IN 21781 1033 11 the the DT 21781 1033 12 roof roof NN 21781 1033 13 of of IN 21781 1033 14 the the DT 21781 1033 15 mid mid JJ 21781 1033 16 - - NN 21781 1033 17 brain brain NN 21781 1033 18 , , , 21781 1033 19 the the DT 21781 1033 20 corpora corpora NNP 21781 1033 21 quadrigemina quadrigemina NNP 21781 1033 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1033 23 c.q c.q NNP 21781 1033 24 . . NNP 21781 1033 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1033 26 . . . 21781 1034 1 The the DT 21781 1034 2 position position NN 21781 1034 3 of of IN 21781 1034 4 ar ar NNP 21781 1034 5 . . . 21781 1035 1 is be VBZ 21781 1035 2 also also RB 21781 1035 3 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1035 4 in in IN 21781 1035 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1035 6 1 1 CD 21781 1035 7 . . . 21781 1036 1 Before before IN 21781 1036 2 reading read VBG 21781 1036 3 on on RP 21781 1036 4 , , , 21781 1036 5 the the DT 21781 1036 6 beginner beginner NN 21781 1036 7 should should MD 21781 1036 8 stop stop VB 21781 1036 9 a a DT 21781 1036 10 while while NN 21781 1036 11 here here RB 21781 1036 12 ; ; : 21781 1036 13 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1036 14 should should MD 21781 1036 15 carefully carefully RB 21781 1036 16 copy copy VB 21781 1036 17 or or CC 21781 1036 18 trace trace VB 21781 1036 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1036 20 figures figure NNS 21781 1036 21 and and CC 21781 1036 22 , , , 21781 1036 23 putting put VBG 21781 1036 24 the the DT 21781 1036 25 book book NN 21781 1036 26 aside aside RB 21781 1036 27 , , , 21781 1036 28 name name VB 21781 1036 29 the the DT 21781 1036 30 parts part NNS 21781 1036 31 , , , 21781 1036 32 and and CC 21781 1036 33 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1036 34 should should MD 21781 1036 35 then then RB 21781 1036 36 recopy recopy VB 21781 1036 37 , , , 21781 1036 38 on on IN 21781 1036 39 an an DT 21781 1036 40 enlarged enlarged JJ 21781 1036 41 scale scale NN 21781 1036 42 , , , 21781 1036 43 and and CC 21781 1036 44 finally finally RB 21781 1036 45 draw draw VB 21781 1036 46 from from IN 21781 1036 47 memory memory NN 21781 1036 48 , , , 21781 1036 49 correct correct JJ 21781 1036 50 , , , 21781 1036 51 and and CC 21781 1036 52 again again RB 21781 1036 53 draw draw VB 21781 1036 54 . . . 21781 1037 1 By by IN 21781 1037 2 doing do VBG 21781 1037 3 this this DT 21781 1037 4 before before IN 21781 1037 5 the the DT 21781 1037 6 brain brain NN 21781 1037 7 is be VBZ 21781 1037 8 dissected dissect VBN 21781 1037 9 a a DT 21781 1037 10 considerable considerable JJ 21781 1037 11 saving saving NN 21781 1037 12 of of IN 21781 1037 13 time time NN 21781 1037 14 is be VBZ 21781 1037 15 possible possible JJ 21781 1037 16 . . . 21781 1038 1 Section section NN 21781 1038 2 124 124 CD 21781 1038 3 . . . 21781 1039 1 Proceeding proceed VBG 21781 1039 2 from from IN 21781 1039 3 the the DT 21781 1039 4 brain brain NN 21781 1039 5 are be VBP 21781 1039 6 twelve twelve CD 21781 1039 7 pairs pair NNS 21781 1039 8 of of IN 21781 1039 9 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1039 10 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1039 11 . . . 21781 1040 1 From from IN 21781 1040 2 the the DT 21781 1040 3 fore fore JJ 21781 1040 4 - - HYPH 21781 1040 5 brain brain NN 21781 1040 6 spring spring NN 21781 1040 7 two two CD 21781 1040 8 pairs pair NNS 21781 1040 9 , , , 21781 1040 10 which which WDT 21781 1040 11 differ differ VBP 21781 1040 12 from from IN 21781 1040 13 the the DT 21781 1040 14 rest rest NN 21781 1040 15 of of IN 21781 1040 16 the the DT 21781 1040 17 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1040 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1040 19 in in IN 21781 1040 20 being be VBG 21781 1040 21 , , , 21781 1040 22 first first RB 21781 1040 23 of of IN 21781 1040 24 all all DT 21781 1040 25 , , , 21781 1040 26 hollow hollow JJ 21781 1040 27 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 1040 28 of of IN 21781 1040 29 the the DT 21781 1040 30 brain-- brain-- NNP 21781 1040 31 the the DT 21781 1040 32 others other NNS 21781 1040 33 are be VBP 21781 1040 34 from from IN 21781 1040 35 the the DT 21781 1040 36 beginning beginning NN 21781 1040 37 solid solid JJ 21781 1040 38 . . . 21781 1041 1 The the DT 21781 1041 2 first first JJ 21781 1041 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1041 4 is be VBZ 21781 1041 5 the the DT 21781 1041 6 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 1041 7 lobe lobe NN 21781 1041 8 , , , 21781 1041 9 which which WDT 21781 1041 10 sends send VBZ 21781 1041 11 numerous numerous JJ 21781 1041 12 filaments filament NNS 21781 1041 13 through through IN 21781 1041 14 the the DT 21781 1041 15 ethmoid ethmoid JJ 21781 1041 16 bone bone NN 21781 1041 17 to to IN 21781 1041 18 the the DT 21781 1041 19 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 1041 20 organ organ NN 21781 1041 21 . . . 21781 1042 1 The the DT 21781 1042 2 second second JJ 21781 1042 3 is be VBZ 21781 1042 4 the the DT 21781 1042 5 optic optic JJ 21781 1042 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1042 7 , , , 21781 1042 8 the the DT 21781 1042 9 visual visual JJ 21781 1042 10 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1042 11 nerve nerve NN 21781 1042 12 . . . 21781 1043 1 Section section NN 21781 1043 2 125 125 CD 21781 1043 3 . . . 21781 1044 1 The the DT 21781 1044 2 mid mid JJ 21781 1044 3 - - JJ 21781 1044 4 brain brain NN 21781 1044 5 gives give VBZ 21781 1044 6 rise rise NN 21781 1044 7 to to IN 21781 1044 8 only only RB 21781 1044 9 one one CD 21781 1044 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 1044 11 , , , 21781 1044 12 the the DT 21781 1044 13 third third JJ 21781 1044 14 , , , 21781 1044 15 which which WDT 21781 1044 16 supplies supply VBZ 21781 1044 17 all all PDT 21781 1044 18 the the DT 21781 1044 19 small small JJ 21781 1044 20 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1044 21 of of IN 21781 1044 22 the the DT 21781 1044 23 eye eye NN 21781 1044 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1044 25 see see VB 21781 1044 26 Section Section NNP 21781 1044 27 114 114 CD 21781 1044 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1044 29 , , , 21781 1044 30 except except IN 21781 1044 31 the the DT 21781 1044 32 superior superior JJ 21781 1044 33 oblique oblique NN 21781 1044 34 and and CC 21781 1044 35 external external JJ 21781 1044 36 rectus rectus NN 21781 1044 37 . . . 21781 1045 1 Section section NN 21781 1045 2 126 126 CD 21781 1045 3 . . . 21781 1046 1 The the DT 21781 1046 2 remainder remainder NN 21781 1046 3 of of IN 21781 1046 4 the the DT 21781 1046 5 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1046 6 spring spring NN 21781 1046 7 from from IN 21781 1046 8 the the DT 21781 1046 9 hind hind NN 21781 1046 10 - - HYPH 21781 1046 11 brain brain NN 21781 1046 12 . . . 21781 1047 1 The the DT 21781 1047 2 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1047 3 pair pair NN 21781 1047 4 supply supply NN 21781 1047 5 the the DT 21781 1047 6 superior superior JJ 21781 1047 7 obliques oblique NNS 21781 1047 8 , , , 21781 1047 9 and and CC 21781 1047 10 the the DT 21781 1047 11 sixth sixth JJ 21781 1047 12 the the DT 21781 1047 13 external external JJ 21781 1047 14 recti recti NN 21781 1047 15 ; ; : 21781 1047 16 so so CC 21781 1047 17 that that IN 21781 1047 18 III III NNP 21781 1047 19 . . NNP 21781 1047 20 , , , 21781 1047 21 IV IV NNP 21781 1047 22 . . NNP 21781 1047 23 , , , 21781 1047 24 and and CC 21781 1047 25 VI VI NNP 21781 1047 26 . . . 21781 1048 1 are be VBP 21781 1048 2 alike alike RB 21781 1048 3 purely purely RB 21781 1048 4 motor motor NN 21781 1048 5 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1048 6 , , , 21781 1048 7 small small JJ 21781 1048 8 and and CC 21781 1048 9 distributed distribute VBN 21781 1048 10 , , , 21781 1048 11 to to IN 21781 1048 12 the the DT 21781 1048 13 orbit orbit NN 21781 1048 14 . . . 21781 1049 1 The the DT 21781 1049 2 fifth fifth JJ 21781 1049 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1049 4 , , , 21781 1049 5 the the DT 21781 1049 6 trigeminal trigeminal JJ 21781 1049 7 , , , 21781 1049 8 is be VBZ 21781 1049 9 a a DT 21781 1049 10 much much RB 21781 1049 11 larger large JJR 21781 1049 12 and and CC 21781 1049 13 more more RBR 21781 1049 14 important important JJ 21781 1049 15 one one NN 21781 1049 16 ; ; : 21781 1049 17 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1049 18 is be VBZ 21781 1049 19 a a DT 21781 1049 20 mixed mixed JJ 21781 1049 21 nerve nerve NN 21781 1049 22 , , , 21781 1049 23 having have VBG 21781 1049 24 three three CD 21781 1049 25 main main JJ 21781 1049 26 branches branch NNS 21781 1049 27 , , , 21781 1049 28 of of IN 21781 1049 29 which which WDT 21781 1049 30 the the DT 21781 1049 31 first first JJ 21781 1049 32 two two CD 21781 1049 33 are be VBP 21781 1049 34 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 1049 35 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1049 36 , , , 21781 1049 37 the the DT 21781 1049 38 third third JJ 21781 1049 39 almost almost RB 21781 1049 40 entirely entirely RB 21781 1049 41 motor motor NN 21781 1049 42 ; ; : 21781 1049 43 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1049 44 lies lie VBZ 21781 1049 45 deeply deeply RB 21781 1049 46 in in IN 21781 1049 47 the the DT 21781 1049 48 orbit orbit NN 21781 1049 49 . . . 21781 1050 1 V1 V1 NNP 21781 1050 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1050 3 see see VB 21781 1050 4 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1050 5 9 9 CD 21781 1050 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1050 7 runs run VBZ 21781 1050 8 up up IN 21781 1050 9 over over IN 21781 1050 10 the the DT 21781 1050 11 recti recti NN 21781 1050 12 behind behind IN 21781 1050 13 the the DT 21781 1050 14 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 1050 15 , , , 21781 1050 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1050 17 is be VBZ 21781 1050 18 the the DT 21781 1050 19 ophthalmic ophthalmic JJ 21781 1050 20 branch branch NN 21781 1050 21 ; ; : 21781 1050 22 V2 v2 NN 21781 1050 23 , , , 21781 1050 24 the the DT 21781 1050 25 maxillary maxillary JJ 21781 1050 26 branch branch NN 21781 1050 27 , , , 21781 1050 28 runs run VBZ 21781 1050 29 deeply deeply RB 21781 1050 30 under under IN 21781 1050 31 the the DT 21781 1050 32 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 1050 33 and and CC 21781 1050 34 emerges emerge VBZ 21781 1050 35 in in IN 21781 1050 36 front front NN 21781 1050 37 of of IN 21781 1050 38 the the DT 21781 1050 39 malar malar NN 21781 1050 40 , , , 21781 1050 41 and and CC 21781 1050 42 V3 V3 NNP 21781 1050 43 , , , 21781 1050 44 the the DT 21781 1050 45 mandibular mandibular JJ 21781 1050 46 branch branch NN 21781 1050 47 , , , 21781 1050 48 runs run VBZ 21781 1050 49 down down RP 21781 1050 50 on on IN 21781 1050 51 the the DT 21781 1050 52 inner inner JJ 21781 1050 53 side side NN 21781 1050 54 of of IN 21781 1050 55 the the DT 21781 1050 56 jaw jaw NN 21781 1050 57 - - HYPH 21781 1050 58 bone bone NN 21781 1050 59 to to IN 21781 1050 60 the the DT 21781 1050 61 jaw jaw NN 21781 1050 62 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1050 63 and and CC 21781 1050 64 tongue tongue NN 21781 1050 65 . . . 21781 1051 1 Section section NN 21781 1051 2 127 127 CD 21781 1051 3 . . . 21781 1052 1 If if IN 21781 1052 2 the the DT 21781 1052 3 student student NN 21781 1052 4 will will MD 21781 1052 5 now now RB 21781 1052 6 recur recur VB 21781 1052 7 to to IN 21781 1052 8 the the DT 21781 1052 9 figures figure NNS 21781 1052 10 of of IN 21781 1052 11 the the DT 21781 1052 12 dog dog NN 21781 1052 13 's 's POS 21781 1052 14 skull skull NN 21781 1052 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1052 16 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1052 17 6 6 CD 21781 1052 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1052 19 , , , 21781 1052 20 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1052 21 will will MD 21781 1052 22 see see VB 21781 1052 23 certain certain JJ 21781 1052 24 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1052 25 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1052 26 in in IN 21781 1052 27 the the DT 21781 1052 28 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1052 29 wall wall NN 21781 1052 30 . . . 21781 1053 1 Of of IN 21781 1053 2 these these DT 21781 1053 3 , , , 21781 1053 4 o.f o.f NNP 21781 1053 5 . . . 21781 1054 1 is be VBZ 21781 1054 2 the the DT 21781 1054 3 optic optic JJ 21781 1054 4 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1054 5 for for IN 21781 1054 6 the the DT 21781 1054 7 exit exit NN 21781 1054 8 of of IN 21781 1054 9 nerve nerve NN 21781 1054 10 II II NNP 21781 1054 11 . . NNP 21781 1054 12 , , , 21781 1054 13 perforating perforate VBG 21781 1054 14 the the DT 21781 1054 15 orbito orbito NNP 21781 1054 16 - - HYPH 21781 1054 17 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 1054 18 . . . 21781 1055 1 Behind behind IN 21781 1055 2 this this DT 21781 1055 3 there there EX 21781 1055 4 comes come VBZ 21781 1055 5 an an DT 21781 1055 6 irregular irregular JJ 21781 1055 7 aperture aperture NN 21781 1055 8 , , , 21781 1055 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1055 10 f.l.a f.l.a NNP 21781 1055 11 . . . 21781 1056 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1056 2 , , , 21781 1056 3 the the DT 21781 1056 4 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1056 5 lacerum lacerum NNP 21781 1056 6 anterius anterius NN 21781 1056 7 , , , 21781 1056 8 giving give VBG 21781 1056 9 exit exit NN 21781 1056 10 to to IN 21781 1056 11 III III NNP 21781 1056 12 . . NNP 21781 1056 13 , , , 21781 1056 14 IV IV NNP 21781 1056 15 . . NNP 21781 1056 16 , , , 21781 1056 17 VI VI NNP 21781 1056 18 . . NNP 21781 1056 19 , , , 21781 1056 20 and and CC 21781 1056 21 V1 V1 NNP 21781 1056 22 . . . 21781 1057 1 V2 v2 NN 21781 1057 2 emerges emerge VBZ 21781 1057 3 from from IN 21781 1057 4 the the DT 21781 1057 5 foramen foramen NN 21781 1057 6 rotundum rotundum NN 21781 1057 7 , , , 21781 1057 8 and and CC 21781 1057 9 V3 V3 NNP 21781 1057 10 from from IN 21781 1057 11 the the DT 21781 1057 12 foramen foramen NNP 21781 1057 13 ovale ovale NN 21781 1057 14 , , , 21781 1057 15 two two CD 21781 1057 16 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1057 17 uniting unite VBG 21781 1057 18 behind behind IN 21781 1057 19 a a DT 21781 1057 20 bony bony NN 21781 1057 21 screen screen NN 21781 1057 22 . . . 21781 1058 1 * * NFP 21781 1058 2 Just just RB 21781 1058 3 in in IN 21781 1058 4 front front NN 21781 1058 5 of of IN 21781 1058 6 the the DT 21781 1058 7 bulla bulla NN 21781 1058 8 is be VBZ 21781 1058 9 a a DT 21781 1058 10 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1058 11 lacerum lacerum NN 21781 1058 12 medium medium NNP 21781 1058 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1058 14 f.l f.l NNP 21781 1058 15 . . NNP 21781 1058 16 M. M. NNP 21781 1059 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1059 2 , , , 21781 1059 3 through through IN 21781 1059 4 which which WDT 21781 1059 5 no no DT 21781 1059 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1059 7 passes pass VBZ 21781 1059 8 . . . 21781 1060 1 * * NFP 21781 1060 2 In in IN 21781 1060 3 the the DT 21781 1060 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1060 5 's 's POS 21781 1060 6 skull skull NN 21781 1060 7 f.l f.l NNP 21781 1060 8 . . . 21781 1061 1 anterius anterius NNP 21781 1061 2 , , , 21781 1061 3 the the DT 21781 1061 4 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1061 5 rotundum rotundum NN 21781 1061 6 , , , 21781 1061 7 and and CC 21781 1061 8 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1061 9 ovale ovale NN 21781 1061 10 are be VBP 21781 1061 11 not not RB 21781 1061 12 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1061 13 , , , 21781 1061 14 and and CC 21781 1061 15 there there EX 21781 1061 16 are be VBP 21781 1061 17 two two CD 21781 1061 18 condylar condylar JJ 21781 1061 19 foramina foramina NN 21781 1061 20 instead instead RB 21781 1061 21 of of IN 21781 1061 22 one one CD 21781 1061 23 , , , 21781 1061 24 through through IN 21781 1061 25 each each DT 21781 1061 26 of of IN 21781 1061 27 which which WDT 21781 1061 28 , , , 21781 1061 29 a a DT 21781 1061 30 moiety moiety NN 21781 1061 31 of of IN 21781 1061 32 XII XII NNP 21781 1061 33 . . . 21781 1062 1 passes pass VBZ 21781 1062 2 . . . 21781 1063 1 Section section NN 21781 1063 2 128 128 CD 21781 1063 3 . . . 21781 1064 1 The the DT 21781 1064 2 eighth eighth JJ 21781 1064 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1064 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1064 5 auditory auditory JJ 21781 1064 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1064 7 is be VBZ 21781 1064 8 purely purely RB 21781 1064 9 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1064 10 , , , 21781 1064 11 the the DT 21781 1064 12 nerve nerve NN 21781 1064 13 of of IN 21781 1064 14 the the DT 21781 1064 15 special special JJ 21781 1064 16 sense sense NN 21781 1064 17 of of IN 21781 1064 18 hearing hearing NN 21781 1064 19 ; ; : 21781 1064 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1064 21 runs run VBZ 21781 1064 22 into into IN 21781 1064 23 the the DT 21781 1064 24 periotic periotic JJ 21781 1064 25 bone bone NN 21781 1064 26 , , , 21781 1064 27 and and CC 21781 1064 28 breaks break VBZ 21781 1064 29 up up RP 21781 1064 30 on on IN 21781 1064 31 the the DT 21781 1064 32 labyrinth labyrinth NN 21781 1064 33 . . . 21781 1065 1 The the DT 21781 1065 2 seventh seventh JJ 21781 1065 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1065 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1065 5 facial facial NNP 21781 1065 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1065 7 is be VBZ 21781 1065 8 almost almost RB 21781 1065 9 entirely entirely RB 21781 1065 10 motor motor NN 21781 1065 11 ; ; : 21781 1065 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1065 13 passes pass VBZ 21781 1065 14 through through IN 21781 1065 15 the the DT 21781 1065 16 periotic periotic JJ 21781 1065 17 anterior anterior NN 21781 1065 18 to to IN 21781 1065 19 VIII VIII NNP 21781 1065 20 . . . 21781 1065 21 , , , 21781 1065 22 and and CC 21781 1065 23 emerges emerge VBZ 21781 1065 24 by by IN 21781 1065 25 the the DT 21781 1065 26 stylo stylo JJ 21781 1065 27 - - HYPH 21781 1065 28 mastoid mastoid NN 21781 1065 29 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1065 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1065 31 s.m.f s.m.f NNP 21781 1065 32 . . . 21781 1065 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1066 1 behind behind IN 21781 1066 2 the the DT 21781 1066 3 bulla bulla NN 21781 1066 4 , , , 21781 1066 5 to to TO 21781 1066 6 run run VB 21781 1066 7 outside outside IN 21781 1066 8 the the DT 21781 1066 9 great great JJ 21781 1066 10 jaw jaw NN 21781 1066 11 muscle muscle NN 21781 1066 12 across across IN 21781 1066 13 the the DT 21781 1066 14 cheek cheek NN 21781 1066 15 immediately immediately RB 21781 1066 16 under under IN 21781 1066 17 the the DT 21781 1066 18 skin skin NN 21781 1066 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1066 20 Figure figure NN 21781 1066 21 1 1 CD 21781 1066 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1066 23 . . . 21781 1067 1 Section section NN 21781 1067 2 129 129 CD 21781 1067 3 . . . 21781 1068 1 The the DT 21781 1068 2 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1068 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1068 4 glossopharyngeal glossopharyngeal NN 21781 1068 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1068 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1068 7 is be VBZ 21781 1068 8 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 1068 9 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1068 10 ; ; : 21781 1068 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1068 12 is be VBZ 21781 1068 13 the the DT 21781 1068 14 special special JJ 21781 1068 15 nerve nerve NN 21781 1068 16 of of IN 21781 1068 17 taste taste NN 21781 1068 18 , , , 21781 1068 19 and and CC 21781 1068 20 is be VBZ 21781 1068 21 distributed distribute VBN 21781 1068 22 to to IN 21781 1068 23 the the DT 21781 1068 24 tongue tongue NN 21781 1068 25 . . . 21781 1069 1 The the DT 21781 1069 2 tenth tenth JJ 21781 1069 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1069 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1069 5 vagus vagus NNP 21781 1069 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1069 7 arises arise VBZ 21781 1069 8 by by IN 21781 1069 9 a a DT 21781 1069 10 number number NN 21781 1069 11 of of IN 21781 1069 12 roots root NNS 21781 1069 13 , , , 21781 1069 14 and and CC 21781 1069 15 passes pass VBZ 21781 1069 16 out out IN 21781 1069 17 of of IN 21781 1069 18 the the DT 21781 1069 19 skull skull NN 21781 1069 20 , , , 21781 1069 21 together together RB 21781 1069 22 with with IN 21781 1069 23 IX IX NNP 21781 1069 24 and and CC 21781 1069 25 XI XI NNP 21781 1069 26 , , , 21781 1069 27 by by IN 21781 1069 28 the the DT 21781 1069 29 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1069 30 lacerum lacerum NNP 21781 1069 31 -posterium- -posterium- VBD 21781 1069 32 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1069 33 posterius posterius NN 21781 1069 34 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1069 35 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1069 36 f.l.p f.l.p NN 21781 1069 37 . . . 21781 1069 38 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1069 39 . . . 21781 1070 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1070 2 is be VBZ 21781 1070 3 a a DT 21781 1070 4 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 1070 5 white white JJ 21781 1070 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1070 7 , , , 21781 1070 8 and and CC 21781 1070 9 runs run VBZ 21781 1070 10 down down IN 21781 1070 11 the the DT 21781 1070 12 neck neck NN 21781 1070 13 by by IN 21781 1070 14 the the DT 21781 1070 15 side side NN 21781 1070 16 of of IN 21781 1070 17 the the DT 21781 1070 18 common common JJ 21781 1070 19 carotid carotid JJ 21781 1070 20 artery artery NN 21781 1070 21 . . . 21781 1071 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1071 2 sends send VBZ 21781 1071 3 a a DT 21781 1071 4 superior superior JJ 21781 1071 5 laryngeal laryngeal NN 21781 1071 6 branch branch NN 21781 1071 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1071 8 Xa Xa NNP 21781 1071 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1071 10 to to IN 21781 1071 11 the the DT 21781 1071 12 larynx larynx NN 21781 1071 13 . . . 21781 1072 1 The the DT 21781 1072 2 left left JJ 21781 1072 3 vagus vagus NN 21781 1072 4 passes pass VBZ 21781 1072 5 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1072 6 to to IN 21781 1072 7 the the DT 21781 1072 8 aortic aortic NN 21781 1072 9 arch arch NN 21781 1072 10 , , , 21781 1072 11 and and CC 21781 1072 12 sends send VBZ 21781 1072 13 a a DT 21781 1072 14 branch branch NN 21781 1072 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1072 16 l.x.b l.x.b NNP 21781 1072 17 . . . 21781 1072 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1073 1 under under IN 21781 1073 2 this this DT 21781 1073 3 along along IN 21781 1073 4 the the DT 21781 1073 5 trachea trachea NN 21781 1073 6 to to IN 21781 1073 7 the the DT 21781 1073 8 larynx-- larynx-- NN 21781 1073 9 the the DT 21781 1073 10 recurrent recurrent JJ 21781 1073 11 laryngeal laryngeal NN 21781 1073 12 nerve nerve NN 21781 1073 13 . . . 21781 1074 1 The the DT 21781 1074 2 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1074 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1074 4 on on IN 21781 1074 5 the the DT 21781 1074 6 right right NN 21781 1074 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1074 8 r.x.b r.x.b NNP 21781 1074 9 . . . 21781 1074 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1075 1 loops loop NNS 21781 1075 2 under under IN 21781 1075 3 the the DT 21781 1075 4 subclavian subclavian JJ 21781 1075 5 artery artery NN 21781 1075 6 . . . 21781 1076 1 The the DT 21781 1076 2 main main JJ 21781 1076 3 vagus vagus NN 21781 1076 4 , , , 21781 1076 5 after after IN 21781 1076 6 this this DT 21781 1076 7 branching branching NN 21781 1076 8 , , , 21781 1076 9 passes pass VBZ 21781 1076 10 behind behind IN 21781 1076 11 the the DT 21781 1076 12 heart heart NN 21781 1076 13 to to IN 21781 1076 14 the the DT 21781 1076 15 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1076 16 and and CC 21781 1076 17 along along IN 21781 1076 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1076 19 to to IN 21781 1076 20 the the DT 21781 1076 21 stomach stomach NN 21781 1076 22 . . . 21781 1077 1 XI XI NNP 21781 1077 2 . . . 21781 1077 3 , , , 21781 1077 4 the the DT 21781 1077 5 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1077 6 accessory accessory NN 21781 1077 7 , , , 21781 1077 8 supplies supply NNS 21781 1077 9 certain certain JJ 21781 1077 10 of of IN 21781 1077 11 the the DT 21781 1077 12 neck neck NN 21781 1077 13 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1077 14 . . . 21781 1078 1 XII XII NNP 21781 1078 2 . . . 21781 1078 3 , , , 21781 1078 4 the the DT 21781 1078 5 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 1078 6 , , , 21781 1078 7 runs run VBZ 21781 1078 8 out out IN 21781 1078 9 of of IN 21781 1078 10 the the DT 21781 1078 11 skull skull NN 21781 1078 12 by by IN 21781 1078 13 the the DT 21781 1078 14 condylar condylar JJ 21781 1078 15 foramen foraman NNS 21781 1078 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1078 17 c.f c.f NNP 21781 1078 18 . . . 21781 1079 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1079 2 , , , 21781 1079 3 is be VBZ 21781 1079 4 motor motor NN 21781 1079 5 , , , 21781 1079 6 crosses cross VBZ 21781 1079 7 the the DT 21781 1079 8 roots root NNS 21781 1079 9 of of IN 21781 1079 10 XI XI NNP 21781 1079 11 . . . 21781 1079 12 , , , 21781 1079 13 X. X. NNP 21781 1079 14 , , , 21781 1079 15 and and CC 21781 1079 16 IX IX NNP 21781 1079 17 . . . 21781 1079 18 , , , 21781 1079 19 passes pass VBZ 21781 1079 20 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1079 21 to to IN 21781 1079 22 the the DT 21781 1079 23 carotid carotid NNS 21781 1079 24 , , , 21781 1079 25 and and CC 21781 1079 26 breaks break VBZ 21781 1079 27 up up RP 21781 1079 28 among among IN 21781 1079 29 the the DT 21781 1079 30 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1079 31 of of IN 21781 1079 32 the the DT 21781 1079 33 tongue tongue NN 21781 1079 34 and and CC 21781 1079 35 neck neck NN 21781 1079 36 . . . 21781 1080 1 Section section NN 21781 1080 2 130 130 CD 21781 1080 3 . . . 21781 1081 1 Of of IN 21781 1081 2 the the DT 21781 1081 3 functions function NNS 21781 1081 4 of of IN 21781 1081 5 the the DT 21781 1081 6 several several JJ 21781 1081 7 parts part NNS 21781 1081 8 of of IN 21781 1081 9 the the DT 21781 1081 10 brain brain NN 21781 1081 11 there there EX 21781 1081 12 is be VBZ 21781 1081 13 still still RB 21781 1081 14 very very RB 21781 1081 15 considerable considerable JJ 21781 1081 16 doubt doubt NN 21781 1081 17 . . . 21781 1082 1 With with IN 21781 1082 2 disease disease NN 21781 1082 3 or or CC 21781 1082 4 willful willful JJ 21781 1082 5 destruction destruction NN 21781 1082 6 of of IN 21781 1082 7 the the DT 21781 1082 8 cerebral cerebral JJ 21781 1082 9 tissue tissue NN 21781 1082 10 the the DT 21781 1082 11 personal personal JJ 21781 1082 12 initiative initiative NN 21781 1082 13 is be VBZ 21781 1082 14 affected-- affected-- NNP 21781 1082 15 the the DT 21781 1082 16 animal animal NN 21781 1082 17 becomes become VBZ 21781 1082 18 more more RBR 21781 1082 19 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1082 20 a a DT 21781 1082 21 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 1082 22 ; ; : 21781 1082 23 the the DT 21781 1082 24 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 1082 25 is be VBZ 21781 1082 26 probably probably RB 21781 1082 27 concerned concerned JJ 21781 1082 28 in in IN 21781 1082 29 the the DT 21781 1082 30 coordination coordination NN 21781 1082 31 of of IN 21781 1082 32 muscular muscular JJ 21781 1082 33 movements movement NNS 21781 1082 34 ; ; : 21781 1082 35 and and CC 21781 1082 36 the the DT 21781 1082 37 medulla medulla NN 21781 1082 38 is be VBZ 21781 1082 39 a a DT 21781 1082 40 centre centre NN 21781 1082 41 for for IN 21781 1082 42 the the DT 21781 1082 43 higher high JJR 21781 1082 44 and and CC 21781 1082 45 more more RBR 21781 1082 46 complicated complicated JJ 21781 1082 47 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 1082 48 reflexes reflex NNS 21781 1082 49 , , , 21781 1082 50 yawning yawning NN 21781 1082 51 , , , 21781 1082 52 coughing coughing NN 21781 1082 53 , , , 21781 1082 54 and and CC 21781 1082 55 so so RB 21781 1082 56 on on RB 21781 1082 57 . . . 21781 1083 1 The the DT 21781 1083 2 great great JJ 21781 1083 3 majority majority NN 21781 1083 4 of of IN 21781 1083 5 reflex reflex NNP 21781 1083 6 actions action NNS 21781 1083 7 centre centre NN 21781 1083 8 , , , 21781 1083 9 however however RB 21781 1083 10 , , , 21781 1083 11 in in IN 21781 1083 12 the the DT 21781 1083 13 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1083 14 cord cord NN 21781 1083 15 , , , 21781 1083 16 and and CC 21781 1083 17 do do VBP 21781 1083 18 not not RB 21781 1083 19 affect affect VB 21781 1083 20 the the DT 21781 1083 21 brain brain NN 21781 1083 22 . . . 21781 1084 1 Section section NN 21781 1084 2 131 131 CD 21781 1084 3 . . . 21781 1085 1 A a DT 21781 1085 2 cross cross NN 21781 1085 3 section section NN 21781 1085 4 of of IN 21781 1085 5 the the DT 21781 1085 6 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1085 7 cord cord NN 21781 1085 8 is be VBZ 21781 1085 9 shown show VBN 21781 1085 10 in in IN 21781 1085 11 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1085 12 6 6 CD 21781 1085 13 , , , 21781 1085 14 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1085 15 8 8 CD 21781 1085 16 . . . 21781 1086 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1086 2 is be VBZ 21781 1086 3 a a DT 21781 1086 4 cylinder cylinder NN 21781 1086 5 , , , 21781 1086 6 almost almost RB 21781 1086 7 bisected bisect VBN 21781 1086 8 by by IN 21781 1086 9 a a DT 21781 1086 10 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1086 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1086 12 d.f d.f NNP 21781 1086 13 . . NNP 21781 1086 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1087 1 and and CC 21781 1087 2 a a DT 21781 1087 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1087 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1087 5 v.f v.f NNP 21781 1087 6 . . NNP 21781 1087 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1088 1 fissure fissure NN 21781 1088 2 . . . 21781 1089 1 Through through IN 21781 1089 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1089 3 centre centre NN 21781 1089 4 runs run VBZ 21781 1089 5 a a DT 21781 1089 6 central central JJ 21781 1089 7 canal canal NN 21781 1089 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1089 9 c.c c.c NNP 21781 1089 10 . . . 21781 1090 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1090 2 , , , 21781 1090 3 continuous continuous JJ 21781 1090 4 with with IN 21781 1090 5 the the DT 21781 1090 6 brain brain NN 21781 1090 7 ventricles ventricle NNS 21781 1090 8 , , , 21781 1090 9 and and CC 21781 1090 10 lined line VBN 21781 1090 11 by by IN 21781 1090 12 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 1090 13 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 1090 14 . . . 21781 1091 1 The the DT 21781 1091 2 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1091 3 cord cord NN 21781 1091 4 consists consist VBZ 21781 1091 5 of of IN 21781 1091 6 an an DT 21781 1091 7 outer outer JJ 21781 1091 8 portion portion NN 21781 1091 9 , , , 21781 1091 10 mainly mainly RB 21781 1091 11 of of IN 21781 1091 12 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1091 13 fibres fibre NNS 21781 1091 14 , , , 21781 1091 15 the the DT 21781 1091 16 white white JJ 21781 1091 17 matter matter NN 21781 1091 18 , , , 21781 1091 19 and and CC 21781 1091 20 of of IN 21781 1091 21 inner inner JJ 21781 1091 22 , , , 21781 1091 23 ganglionated ganglionated JJ 21781 1091 24 , , , 21781 1091 25 and and CC 21781 1091 26 more more RBR 21781 1091 27 highly highly RB 21781 1091 28 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1091 29 grey grey JJ 21781 1091 30 matter matter NN 21781 1091 31 . . . 21781 1092 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1092 2 In in IN 21781 1092 3 the the DT 21781 1092 4 cerebrum cerebrum NN 21781 1092 5 the the DT 21781 1092 6 grey grey JJ 21781 1092 7 matter matter NN 21781 1092 8 is be VBZ 21781 1092 9 external external JJ 21781 1092 10 , , , 21781 1092 11 and and CC 21781 1092 12 the the DT 21781 1092 13 white white NNP 21781 1092 14 internal internal NNP 21781 1092 15 . . . 21781 1092 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1093 1 The the DT 21781 1093 2 cord cord NN 21781 1093 3 , , , 21781 1093 4 like like IN 21781 1093 5 the the DT 21781 1093 6 brain brain NN 21781 1093 7 , , , 21781 1093 8 is be VBZ 21781 1093 9 surrounded surround VBN 21781 1093 10 by by IN 21781 1093 11 a a DT 21781 1093 12 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1093 13 fibrous fibrous JJ 21781 1093 14 investment investment NN 21781 1093 15 , , , 21781 1093 16 and and CC 21781 1093 17 protected protect VBN 21781 1093 18 from from IN 21781 1093 19 concussion concussion NN 21781 1093 20 by by IN 21781 1093 21 a a DT 21781 1093 22 serous serous JJ 21781 1093 23 fluid fluid NN 21781 1093 24 . . . 21781 1094 1 The the DT 21781 1094 2 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1094 3 which which WDT 21781 1094 4 emerge emerge VBP 21781 1094 5 from from IN 21781 1094 6 the the DT 21781 1094 7 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1094 8 column column NN 21781 1094 9 between between IN 21781 1094 10 the the DT 21781 1094 11 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1094 12 , , , 21781 1094 13 arise arise VBP 21781 1094 14 , , , 21781 1094 15 unlike unlike IN 21781 1094 16 the the DT 21781 1094 17 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1094 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1094 19 , , , 21781 1094 20 by by IN 21781 1094 21 two two CD 21781 1094 22 roots root NNS 21781 1094 23 . . . 21781 1095 1 The the DT 21781 1095 2 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1095 3 of of IN 21781 1095 4 these these DT 21781 1095 5 , , , 21781 1095 6 the the DT 21781 1095 7 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1095 8 root root NNP 21781 1095 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1095 10 d.n d.n NNP 21781 1095 11 . . . 21781 1096 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1096 2 , , , 21781 1096 3 has have VBZ 21781 1096 4 a a DT 21781 1096 5 swelling swelling NN 21781 1096 6 upon upon IN 21781 1096 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1096 8 , , , 21781 1096 9 the the DT 21781 1096 10 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1096 11 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1096 12 , , , 21781 1096 13 and-- and-- NN 21781 1096 14 by by IN 21781 1096 15 experiments experiment NNS 21781 1096 16 upon upon IN 21781 1096 17 living living NN 21781 1096 18 animals-- animals-- NN 21781 1096 19 has have VBZ 21781 1096 20 been be VBN 21781 1096 21 shown show VBN 21781 1096 22 to to TO 21781 1096 23 contain contain VB 21781 1096 24 only only RB 21781 1096 25 afferent afferent NN 21781 1096 26 fibres fibre NNS 21781 1096 27 ; ; : 21781 1096 28 the the DT 21781 1096 29 ventral ventral NN 21781 1096 30 , , , 21781 1096 31 the the DT 21781 1096 32 motor motor NN 21781 1096 33 root root NN 21781 1096 34 , , , 21781 1096 35 is be VBZ 21781 1096 36 without without IN 21781 1096 37 a a DT 21781 1096 38 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1096 39 , , , 21781 1096 40 and and CC 21781 1096 41 entirely entirely RB 21781 1096 42 or or CC 21781 1096 43 mainly mainly RB 21781 1096 44 motor motor NN 21781 1096 45 . . . 21781 1097 1 The the DT 21781 1097 2 two two CD 21781 1097 3 unite unite NN 21781 1097 4 outside outside IN 21781 1097 5 the the DT 21781 1097 6 cord cord NN 21781 1097 7 , , , 21781 1097 8 and and CC 21781 1097 9 thereafter thereafter RB 21781 1097 10 the the DT 21781 1097 11 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1097 12 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1097 13 are be VBP 21781 1097 14 both both DT 21781 1097 15 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1097 16 and and CC 21781 1097 17 motor motor NN 21781 1097 18 . . . 21781 1098 1 Section section NN 21781 1098 2 132 132 CD 21781 1098 3 . . . 21781 1099 1 Besides besides IN 21781 1099 2 the the DT 21781 1099 3 great great JJ 21781 1099 4 mass mass NN 21781 1099 5 of of IN 21781 1099 6 brain brain NN 21781 1099 7 and and CC 21781 1099 8 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1099 9 cord cord NN 21781 1099 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1099 11 cerebro cerebro JJ 21781 1099 12 - - HYPH 21781 1099 13 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1099 14 axis axi NNS 21781 1099 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1099 16 , , , 21781 1099 17 there there EX 21781 1099 18 is be VBZ 21781 1099 19 , , , 21781 1099 20 on on IN 21781 1099 21 either either DT 21781 1099 22 side side NN 21781 1099 23 of of IN 21781 1099 24 the the DT 21781 1099 25 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1099 26 wall wall NN 21781 1099 27 of of IN 21781 1099 28 the the DT 21781 1099 29 body body NN 21781 1099 30 cavity cavity NN 21781 1099 31 , , , 21781 1099 32 a a DT 21781 1099 33 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1099 34 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1099 35 chain chain NN 21781 1099 36 . . . 21781 1100 1 The the DT 21781 1100 2 nerve nerve NN 21781 1100 3 fibres fibre NNS 21781 1100 4 of of IN 21781 1100 5 this this DT 21781 1100 6 system system NN 21781 1100 7 , , , 21781 1100 8 like like IN 21781 1100 9 the the DT 21781 1100 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 1100 11 fibres fibre NNS 21781 1100 12 of of IN 21781 1100 13 invertebrates invertebrate NNS 21781 1100 14 , , , 21781 1100 15 are be VBP 21781 1100 16 non non JJ 21781 1100 17 - - JJ 21781 1100 18 medullated medullated JJ 21781 1100 19 . . . 21781 1101 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1101 2 may may MD 21781 1101 3 be be VB 21781 1101 4 seen see VBN 21781 1101 5 as as IN 21781 1101 6 a a DT 21781 1101 7 greyish greyish NN 21781 1101 8 thread thread NN 21781 1101 9 running run VBG 21781 1101 10 close close RB 21781 1101 11 by by IN 21781 1101 12 the the DT 21781 1101 13 common common JJ 21781 1101 14 carotid carotid NNS 21781 1101 15 in in IN 21781 1101 16 the the DT 21781 1101 17 neck neck NN 21781 1101 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1101 19 sym sym NNP 21781 1101 20 . . NNP 21781 1101 21 , , , 21781 1101 22 Figure figure NN 21781 1101 23 1 1 CD 21781 1101 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1101 25 ; ; : 21781 1101 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1101 27 then then RB 21781 1101 28 runs run VBZ 21781 1101 29 over over IN 21781 1101 30 the the DT 21781 1101 31 heads head NNS 21781 1101 32 of of IN 21781 1101 33 the the DT 21781 1101 34 ribs rib NNS 21781 1101 35 in in IN 21781 1101 36 the the DT 21781 1101 37 thorax thorax NN 21781 1101 38 and and CC 21781 1101 39 close close RB 21781 1101 40 beside beside IN 21781 1101 41 the the DT 21781 1101 42 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1101 43 aorta aorta NN 21781 1101 44 in in IN 21781 1101 45 the the DT 21781 1101 46 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 1101 47 region region NN 21781 1101 48 . . . 21781 1102 1 In in IN 21781 1102 2 the the DT 21781 1102 3 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1102 4 region region NN 21781 1102 5 of of IN 21781 1102 6 the the DT 21781 1102 7 neck neck NN 21781 1102 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1102 9 dilates dilate VBZ 21781 1102 10 to to TO 21781 1102 11 form form VB 21781 1102 12 a a DT 21781 1102 13 superior superior JJ 21781 1102 14 cervical cervical JJ 21781 1102 15 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1102 16 , , , 21781 1102 17 and and CC 21781 1102 18 opposite opposite IN 21781 1102 19 the the DT 21781 1102 20 first first JJ 21781 1102 21 rib rib NN 21781 1102 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1102 23 forms form VBZ 21781 1102 24 an an DT 21781 1102 25 inferior inferior JJ 21781 1102 26 cervical cervical JJ 21781 1102 27 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1102 28 . . . 21781 1103 1 Thence thence NN 21781 1103 2 , , , 21781 1103 3 backwards backwards RB 21781 1103 4 , , , 21781 1103 5 there there EX 21781 1103 6 is be VBZ 21781 1103 7 a a DT 21781 1103 8 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1103 9 on on IN 21781 1103 10 each each DT 21781 1103 11 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1103 12 chain chain NN 21781 1103 13 opposite opposite IN 21781 1103 14 each each DT 21781 1103 15 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1103 16 nerve nerve NN 21781 1103 17 , , , 21781 1103 18 and and CC 21781 1103 19 the the DT 21781 1103 20 two two CD 21781 1103 21 exchange exchange NN 21781 1103 22 fibres fibre VBZ 21781 1103 23 through through IN 21781 1103 24 a a DT 21781 1103 25 thread thread NN 21781 1103 26 , , , 21781 1103 27 the the DT 21781 1103 28 ramus ramus NNP 21781 1103 29 communicans communicans NNPS 21781 1103 30 . . . 21781 1104 1 To to IN 21781 1104 2 the the DT 21781 1104 3 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1104 4 chain chain NN 21781 1104 5 is be VBZ 21781 1104 6 delegated delegate VBN 21781 1104 7 much much JJ 21781 1104 8 of of IN 21781 1104 9 the the DT 21781 1104 10 routine routine JJ 21781 1104 11 work work NN 21781 1104 12 of of IN 21781 1104 13 reflex reflex NNP 21781 1104 14 control control NN 21781 1104 15 of of IN 21781 1104 16 the the DT 21781 1104 17 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 1104 18 and and CC 21781 1104 19 other other JJ 21781 1104 20 viscera viscera NNS 21781 1104 21 , , , 21781 1104 22 which which WDT 21781 1104 23 would would MD 21781 1104 24 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 1104 25 fall fall VB 21781 1104 26 upon upon IN 21781 1104 27 the the DT 21781 1104 28 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1104 29 cord cord NN 21781 1104 30 . . . 21781 1105 1 Section section NN 21781 1105 2 133 133 CD 21781 1105 3 . . . 21781 1106 1 There there EX 21781 1106 2 are be VBP 21781 1106 3 eight eight CD 21781 1106 4 cervical cervical JJ 21781 1106 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1106 6 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1106 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1106 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1106 9 , , , 21781 1106 10 one one CD 21781 1106 11 in in IN 21781 1106 12 front front NN 21781 1106 13 of of IN 21781 1106 14 the the DT 21781 1106 15 atlas atlas NN 21781 1106 16 , , , 21781 1106 17 and and CC 21781 1106 18 one one CD 21781 1106 19 behind behind IN 21781 1106 20 each each DT 21781 1106 21 of of IN 21781 1106 22 the the DT 21781 1106 23 cervical cervical JJ 21781 1106 24 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1106 25 . . . 21781 1107 1 The the DT 21781 1107 2 last last JJ 21781 1107 3 four four CD 21781 1107 4 and and CC 21781 1107 5 the the DT 21781 1107 6 first first JJ 21781 1107 7 thoracic thoracic NN 21781 1107 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1107 9 spinal spinal NNP 21781 1107 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1107 11 contribute contribute VBP 21781 1107 12 to to IN 21781 1107 13 a a DT 21781 1107 14 leash leash NN 21781 1107 15 of of IN 21781 1107 16 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1107 17 running run VBG 21781 1107 18 out out RB 21781 1107 19 to to IN 21781 1107 20 the the DT 21781 1107 21 fore fore NN 21781 1107 22 limb limb NN 21781 1107 23 , , , 21781 1107 24 the the DT 21781 1107 25 brachial brachial NNP 21781 1107 26 plexus plexus NNP 21781 1107 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1107 28 plexus plexus NNP 21781 1107 29 , , , 21781 1107 30 literally literally RB 21781 1107 31 network network NN 21781 1107 32 , , , 21781 1107 33 but but CC 21781 1107 34 here here RB 21781 1107 35 meaning mean VBG 21781 1107 36 a a DT 21781 1107 37 plaited plaited JJ 21781 1107 38 cord cord NN 21781 1107 39 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1107 40 . . . 21781 1108 1 The the DT 21781 1108 2 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1108 3 cervical cervical NN 21781 1108 4 also also RB 21781 1108 5 sends send VBZ 21781 1108 6 down down RB 21781 1108 7 a a DT 21781 1108 8 phrenic phrenic JJ 21781 1108 9 nerve nerve NN 21781 1108 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1108 11 p.n p.n NNP 21781 1108 12 . . NNP 21781 1108 13 , , , 21781 1108 14 Figure figure NN 21781 1108 15 1 1 CD 21781 1108 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1108 17 , , , 21781 1108 18 along along IN 21781 1108 19 by by IN 21781 1108 20 the the DT 21781 1108 21 external external JJ 21781 1108 22 jugular jugular NNP 21781 1108 23 vein vein NNP 21781 1108 24 and and CC 21781 1108 25 the the DT 21781 1108 26 superior superior JJ 21781 1108 27 caval caval NN 21781 1108 28 vein vein NN 21781 1108 29 to to IN 21781 1108 30 the the DT 21781 1108 31 diaphragm diaphragm NN 21781 1108 32 . . . 21781 1109 1 The the DT 21781 1109 2 last last JJ 21781 1109 3 three three CD 21781 1109 4 lumbar lumbar NN 21781 1109 5 and and CC 21781 1109 6 the the DT 21781 1109 7 sacral sacral JJ 21781 1109 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1109 9 form form VBP 21781 1109 10 a a DT 21781 1109 11 sacral sacral JJ 21781 1109 12 plexus plexus NN 21781 1109 13 , , , 21781 1109 14 supplying supply VBG 21781 1109 15 the the DT 21781 1109 16 hind hind NN 21781 1109 17 limb limb NN 21781 1109 18 . . . 21781 1110 1 Section section NN 21781 1110 2 134 134 CD 21781 1110 3 . . . 21781 1111 1 From from IN 21781 1111 2 the the DT 21781 1111 3 sympathetic sympathetic NN 21781 1111 4 in in IN 21781 1111 5 the the DT 21781 1111 6 hinder hinder NN 21781 1111 7 region region NN 21781 1111 8 of of IN 21781 1111 9 the the DT 21781 1111 10 thorax thorax NN 21781 1111 11 a a DT 21781 1111 12 nerve nerve NN 21781 1111 13 , , , 21781 1111 14 the the DT 21781 1111 15 great great JJ 21781 1111 16 splanchnic splanchnic JJ 21781 1111 17 nerve nerve NN 21781 1111 18 , , , 21781 1111 19 arises arise VBZ 21781 1111 20 , , , 21781 1111 21 and and CC 21781 1111 22 runs run NNS 21781 1111 23 , , , 21781 1111 24 back back RB 21781 1111 25 to to IN 21781 1111 26 a a DT 21781 1111 27 ganglionated ganglionate VBN 21781 1111 28 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1111 29 network network NN 21781 1111 30 , , , 21781 1111 31 just just RB 21781 1111 32 behind behind IN 21781 1111 33 the the DT 21781 1111 34 coeliac coeliac NN 21781 1111 35 artery artery NN 21781 1111 36 , , , 21781 1111 37 into into IN 21781 1111 38 which which WDT 21781 1111 39 the the DT 21781 1111 40 vagus vagus NN 21781 1111 41 also also RB 21781 1111 42 enters enter VBZ 21781 1111 43 ; ; : 21781 1111 44 this this DT 21781 1111 45 is be VBZ 21781 1111 46 the the DT 21781 1111 47 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 1111 48 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1111 49 , , , 21781 1111 50 and and CC 21781 1111 51 together together RB 21781 1111 52 with with IN 21781 1111 53 a a DT 21781 1111 54 similar similar JJ 21781 1111 55 superior superior JJ 21781 1111 56 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 1111 57 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1111 58 around around IN 21781 1111 59 the the DT 21781 1111 60 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 1111 61 artery artery NN 21781 1111 62 , , , 21781 1111 63 makes make VBZ 21781 1111 64 up up RP 21781 1111 65 a a DT 21781 1111 66 subsidiary subsidiary JJ 21781 1111 67 visceral visceral JJ 21781 1111 68 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1111 69 network network NN 21781 1111 70 , , , 21781 1111 71 the the DT 21781 1111 72 solar solar JJ 21781 1111 73 plexus plexus NN 21781 1111 74 . . . 21781 1112 1 A a DT 21781 1112 2 similar similar JJ 21781 1112 3 and and CC 21781 1112 4 smaller small JJR 21781 1112 5 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1112 6 tangle tangle NN 21781 1112 7 , , , 21781 1112 8 bearing bear VBG 21781 1112 9 an an DT 21781 1112 10 inferior inferior JJ 21781 1112 11 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 1112 12 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 1112 13 , , , 21781 1112 14 lies lie VBZ 21781 1112 15 near near IN 21781 1112 16 the the DT 21781 1112 17 inferior inferior JJ 21781 1112 18 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 1112 19 artery artery NN 21781 1112 20 . . . 21781 1113 1 Section section NN 21781 1113 2 135 135 CD 21781 1113 3 . . . 21781 1114 1 Finally finally RB 21781 1114 2 , , , 21781 1114 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1114 4 may may MD 21781 1114 5 note note VB 21781 1114 6 the the DT 21781 1114 7 pineal pineal NN 21781 1114 8 gland gland NN 21781 1114 9 and and CC 21781 1114 10 the the DT 21781 1114 11 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 1114 12 body body NN 21781 1114 13 , , , 21781 1114 14 as as IN 21781 1114 15 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 1114 16 appendages appendage NNS 21781 1114 17 above above IN 21781 1114 18 and and CC 21781 1114 19 below below IN 21781 1114 20 the the DT 21781 1114 21 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NN 21781 1114 22 . . . 21781 1115 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1115 2 function function NN 21781 1115 3 , , , 21781 1115 4 if if IN 21781 1115 5 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1115 6 have have VBP 21781 1115 7 a a DT 21781 1115 8 function function NN 21781 1115 9 , , , 21781 1115 10 is be VBZ 21781 1115 11 altogether altogether RB 21781 1115 12 unknown unknown JJ 21781 1115 13 . . . 21781 1116 1 Probably probably RB 21781 1116 2 , , , 21781 1116 3 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1116 4 are be VBP 21781 1116 5 inherited inherit VBN 21781 1116 6 from from IN 21781 1116 7 ancestors ancestor NNS 21781 1116 8 to to IN 21781 1116 9 whom whom WP 21781 1116 10 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1116 11 were be VBD 21781 1116 12 of of IN 21781 1116 13 value value NN 21781 1116 14 . . . 21781 1117 1 Such such JJ 21781 1117 2 structures structure NNS 21781 1117 3 are be VBP 21781 1117 4 called call VBN 21781 1117 5 reduced reduced JJ 21781 1117 6 or or CC 21781 1117 7 vestigial vestigial JJ 21781 1117 8 structures structure NNS 21781 1117 9 , , , 21781 1117 10 and and CC 21781 1117 11 among among IN 21781 1117 12 other other JJ 21781 1117 13 instances instance NNS 21781 1117 14 are be VBP 21781 1117 15 the the DT 21781 1117 16 clavicles clavicle NNS 21781 1117 17 of of IN 21781 1117 18 the the DT 21781 1117 19 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1117 20 , , , 21781 1117 21 the the DT 21781 1117 22 hair hair NN 21781 1117 23 on on IN 21781 1117 24 human human JJ 21781 1117 25 limbs limb NNS 21781 1117 26 , , , 21781 1117 27 the the DT 21781 1117 28 little little JJ 21781 1117 29 pulpy pulpy JJ 21781 1117 30 nodule nodule NN 21781 1117 31 in in IN 21781 1117 32 the the DT 21781 1117 33 corner corner NN 21781 1117 34 of of IN 21781 1117 35 the the DT 21781 1117 36 human human JJ 21781 1117 37 eye eye NN 21781 1117 38 , , , 21781 1117 39 representing represent VBG 21781 1117 40 the the DT 21781 1117 41 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1117 42 's 's POS 21781 1117 43 third third JJ 21781 1117 44 eyelid eyelid NN 21781 1117 45 , , , 21781 1117 46 and and CC 21781 1117 47 the the DT 21781 1117 48 caudal caudal JJ 21781 1117 49 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1117 50 at at IN 21781 1117 51 the the DT 21781 1117 52 end end NN 21781 1117 53 of of IN 21781 1117 54 the the DT 21781 1117 55 human human JJ 21781 1117 56 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1117 57 column column NN 21781 1117 58 . . . 21781 1118 1 In in IN 21781 1118 2 certain certain JJ 21781 1118 3 lowly lowly JJ 21781 1118 4 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 1118 5 , , , 21781 1118 6 in in IN 21781 1118 7 the the DT 21781 1118 8 lampreys lamprey NNS 21781 1118 9 , , , 21781 1118 10 and and CC 21781 1118 11 especially especially RB 21781 1118 12 in in IN 21781 1118 13 a a DT 21781 1118 14 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 1118 15 New New NNP 21781 1118 16 Zealand Zealand NNP 21781 1118 17 lizard lizard NN 21781 1118 18 , , , 21781 1118 19 the the DT 21781 1118 20 pineal pineal NN 21781 1118 21 gland gland NN 21781 1118 22 has have VBZ 21781 1118 23 the the DT 21781 1118 24 most most RBS 21781 1118 25 convincing convincing JJ 21781 1118 26 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 1118 27 to to IN 21781 1118 28 an an DT 21781 1118 29 eye eye NN 21781 1118 30 , , , 21781 1118 31 both both CC 21781 1118 32 in in IN 21781 1118 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1118 34 general general JJ 21781 1118 35 build build NN 21781 1118 36 and and CC 21781 1118 37 in in IN 21781 1118 38 the the DT 21781 1118 39 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 1118 40 structure structure NN 21781 1118 41 of of IN 21781 1118 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1118 43 elements element NNS 21781 1118 44 ; ; : 21781 1118 45 and and CC 21781 1118 46 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1118 47 seems seem VBZ 21781 1118 48 now now RB 21781 1118 49 more more JJR 21781 1118 50 than than IN 21781 1118 51 probable probable JJ 21781 1118 52 that that IN 21781 1118 53 this this DT 21781 1118 54 little little JJ 21781 1118 55 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1118 56 pimple pimple NN 21781 1118 57 in in IN 21781 1118 58 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1118 59 brains brain NNS 21781 1118 60 is be VBZ 21781 1118 61 a a DT 21781 1118 62 relic relic NN 21781 1118 63 of of IN 21781 1118 64 a a DT 21781 1118 65 third third JJ 21781 1118 66 and and CC 21781 1118 67 median median JJ 21781 1118 68 eye eye NN 21781 1118 69 possessed possess VBN 21781 1118 70 by by IN 21781 1118 71 ancestral ancestral JJ 21781 1118 72 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1118 73 . . . 21781 1119 1 The the DT 21781 1119 2 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 1119 3 body body NN 21781 1119 4 is be VBZ 21781 1119 5 probably probably RB 21781 1119 6 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1119 7 to to IN 21781 1119 8 a a DT 21781 1119 9 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 1119 10 pit pit NN 21781 1119 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1119 12 shall shall MD 21781 1119 13 describe describe VB 21781 1119 14 in in IN 21781 1119 15 the the DT 21781 1119 16 lacelet lacelet NN 21781 1119 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1119 18 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 1119 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1119 20 . . . 21781 1120 1 8 8 LS 21781 1120 2 . . . 21781 1121 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1121 2 Renal Renal NNP 21781 1121 3 and and CC 21781 1121 4 Reproductive Reproductive NNP 21781 1121 5 Organs Organs NNPS 21781 1121 6 _ _ NNP 21781 1121 7 Section Section NNP 21781 1121 8 136 136 CD 21781 1121 9 . . . 21781 1122 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1122 2 have have VBP 21781 1122 3 now now RB 21781 1122 4 really really RB 21781 1122 5 completed complete VBN 21781 1122 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1122 7 survey survey NN 21781 1122 8 of of IN 21781 1122 9 the the DT 21781 1122 10 individual individual JJ 21781 1122 11 animal animal NN 21781 1122 12 's 's POS 21781 1122 13 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 1122 14 . . . 21781 1123 1 But but CC 21781 1123 2 no no DT 21781 1123 3 animal animal NN 21781 1123 4 that that WDT 21781 1123 5 was be VBD 21781 1123 6 merely merely RB 21781 1123 7 complete complete JJ 21781 1123 8 in in IN 21781 1123 9 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 1123 10 would would MD 21781 1123 11 be be VB 21781 1123 12 long long RB 21781 1123 13 sanctioned sanction VBN 21781 1123 14 by by IN 21781 1123 15 nature nature NN 21781 1123 16 . . . 21781 1124 1 For for IN 21781 1124 2 an an DT 21781 1124 3 animal animal NN 21781 1124 4 species species NN 21781 1124 5 to to TO 21781 1124 6 survive survive VB 21781 1124 7 , , , 21781 1124 8 there there EX 21781 1124 9 must must MD 21781 1124 10 evidently evidently RB 21781 1124 11 , , , 21781 1124 12 also also RB 21781 1124 13 , , , 21781 1124 14 be be VB 21781 1124 15 proper proper JJ 21781 1124 16 provision provision NN 21781 1124 17 for for IN 21781 1124 18 the the DT 21781 1124 19 production production NN 21781 1124 20 of of IN 21781 1124 21 young young JJ 21781 1124 22 , , , 21781 1124 23 and and CC 21781 1124 24 the the DT 21781 1124 25 preservation preservation NN 21781 1124 26 of of IN 21781 1124 27 the the DT 21781 1124 28 species specie NNS 21781 1124 29 as as RB 21781 1124 30 well well RB 21781 1124 31 as as IN 21781 1124 32 of of IN 21781 1124 33 the the DT 21781 1124 34 individual individual NN 21781 1124 35 . . . 21781 1125 1 Hence hence RB 21781 1125 2 in in IN 21781 1125 3 an an DT 21781 1125 4 animal animal NN 21781 1125 5 's 's POS 21781 1125 6 physiology physiology NN 21781 1125 7 and and CC 21781 1125 8 psychology psychology NN 21781 1125 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1125 10 meet meet VBP 21781 1125 11 with with IN 21781 1125 12 a a DT 21781 1125 13 vast vast JJ 21781 1125 14 amount amount NN 21781 1125 15 of of IN 21781 1125 16 unselfish unselfish JJ 21781 1125 17 provision provision NN 21781 1125 18 , , , 21781 1125 19 and and CC 21781 1125 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1125 21 structure structure NN 21781 1125 22 and and CC 21781 1125 23 happiness happiness NN 21781 1125 24 are be VBP 21781 1125 25 more more RBR 21781 1125 26 essentially essentially RB 21781 1125 27 dependent dependent JJ 21781 1125 28 on on IN 21781 1125 29 the the DT 21781 1125 30 good good NN 21781 1125 31 of of IN 21781 1125 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1125 33 kind kind NN 21781 1125 34 than than IN 21781 1125 35 on on IN 21781 1125 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1125 37 narrow narrow JJ 21781 1125 38 personal personal JJ 21781 1125 39 advantage advantage NN 21781 1125 40 . . . 21781 1126 1 The the DT 21781 1126 2 mammalia mammalia NN 21781 1126 3 probably probably RB 21781 1126 4 owe owe VBP 21781 1126 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1126 6 present present JJ 21781 1126 7 dominant dominant JJ 21781 1126 8 position position NN 21781 1126 9 in in IN 21781 1126 10 the the DT 21781 1126 11 animal animal NN 21781 1126 12 kingdom kingdom NN 21781 1126 13 to to IN 21781 1126 14 the the DT 21781 1126 15 exceptional exceptional JJ 21781 1126 16 sacrifices sacrifice NNS 21781 1126 17 made make VBN 21781 1126 18 by by IN 21781 1126 19 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1126 20 for for IN 21781 1126 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1126 22 young young JJ 21781 1126 23 . . . 21781 1127 1 Instead instead RB 21781 1127 2 of of IN 21781 1127 3 laying lay VBG 21781 1127 4 eggs egg NNS 21781 1127 5 and and CC 21781 1127 6 abandoning abandon VBG 21781 1127 7 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1127 8 before before RB 21781 1127 9 or or CC 21781 1127 10 soon soon RB 21781 1127 11 after after IN 21781 1127 12 hatching hatching NN 21781 1127 13 , , , 21781 1127 14 the the DT 21781 1127 15 females female NNS 21781 1127 16 retain retain VBP 21781 1127 17 the the DT 21781 1127 18 eggs egg NNS 21781 1127 19 within within IN 21781 1127 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1127 21 bodies body NNS 21781 1127 22 until until IN 21781 1127 23 the the DT 21781 1127 24 development development NN 21781 1127 25 of of IN 21781 1127 26 the the DT 21781 1127 27 young young JJ 21781 1127 28 is be VBZ 21781 1127 29 complete complete JJ 21781 1127 30 , , , 21781 1127 31 and and CC 21781 1127 32 thereafter thereafter RB 21781 1127 33 associate associate VB 21781 1127 34 with with IN 21781 1127 35 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1127 36 for for IN 21781 1127 37 the the DT 21781 1127 38 purposes purpose NNS 21781 1127 39 of of IN 21781 1127 40 nourishment nourishment NN 21781 1127 41 , , , 21781 1127 42 protection protection NN 21781 1127 43 , , , 21781 1127 44 and and CC 21781 1127 45 education education NN 21781 1127 46 . . . 21781 1128 1 In in IN 21781 1128 2 the the DT 21781 1128 3 matter matter NN 21781 1128 4 of of IN 21781 1128 5 the the DT 21781 1128 6 tail tail NN 21781 1128 7 , , , 21781 1128 8 for for IN 21781 1128 9 instance instance NN 21781 1128 10 , , , 21781 1128 11 already already RB 21781 1128 12 noted note VBN 21781 1128 13 , , , 21781 1128 14 the the DT 21781 1128 15 individual individual JJ 21781 1128 16 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1128 17 incurs incur VBZ 21781 1128 18 the the DT 21781 1128 19 disadvantage disadvantage NN 21781 1128 20 of of IN 21781 1128 21 conspicuousness conspicuousness NN 21781 1128 22 for for IN 21781 1128 23 the the DT 21781 1128 24 rear rear NN 21781 1128 25 , , , 21781 1128 26 in in IN 21781 1128 27 order order NN 21781 1128 28 to to TO 21781 1128 29 further further VB 21781 1128 30 the the DT 21781 1128 31 safety safety NN 21781 1128 32 of of IN 21781 1128 33 the the DT 21781 1128 34 young young JJ 21781 1128 35 . . . 21781 1129 1 Section section NN 21781 1129 2 137 137 CD 21781 1129 3 . . . 21781 1130 1 The the DT 21781 1130 2 female female JJ 21781 1130 3 organs organ NNS 21781 1130 4 of of IN 21781 1130 5 reproduction reproduction NN 21781 1130 6 are be VBP 21781 1130 7 shown show VBN 21781 1130 8 in in IN 21781 1130 9 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1130 10 10 10 CD 21781 1130 11 . . . 21781 1131 1 The the DT 21781 1131 2 essential essential JJ 21781 1131 3 organ organ NN 21781 1131 4 is be VBZ 21781 1131 5 the the DT 21781 1131 6 ovary ovary JJ 21781 1131 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1131 8 ov ov RB 21781 1131 9 . . . 21781 1132 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1132 2 , , , 21781 1132 3 in in IN 21781 1132 4 which which WDT 21781 1132 5 the the DT 21781 1132 6 ova ova NNP 21781 1132 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1132 8 eggs egg NNS 21781 1132 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1132 10 are be VBP 21781 1132 11 formed form VBN 21781 1132 12 . . . 21781 1133 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1133 2 3 3 CD 21781 1133 3 gives give VBZ 21781 1133 4 an an DT 21781 1133 5 enlarged enlarged JJ 21781 1133 6 and and CC 21781 1133 7 still still RB 21781 1133 8 more more RBR 21781 1133 9 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 1133 10 rendering rendering NN 21781 1133 11 of of IN 21781 1133 12 the the DT 21781 1133 13 ovary ovary NN 21781 1133 14 . . . 21781 1134 1 There there EX 21781 1134 2 is be VBZ 21781 1134 3 a a DT 21781 1134 4 supporting support VBG 21781 1134 5 ground ground NN 21781 1134 6 mass mass NN 21781 1134 7 , , , 21781 1134 8 or or CC 21781 1134 9 stroma stroma NNP 21781 1134 10 , , , 21781 1134 11 into into IN 21781 1134 12 which which WDT 21781 1134 13 numerous numerous JJ 21781 1134 14 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 1134 15 and and CC 21781 1134 16 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1134 17 enter enter VBP 21781 1134 18 and and CC 21781 1134 19 break break VB 21781 1134 20 up up RP 21781 1134 21 . . . 21781 1135 1 The the DT 21781 1135 2 ova ova NN 21781 1135 3 appear appear VBP 21781 1135 4 first first RB 21781 1135 5 as as IN 21781 1135 6 small small JJ 21781 1135 7 cells cell NNS 21781 1135 8 in in IN 21781 1135 9 the the DT 21781 1135 10 external external JJ 21781 1135 11 substance substance NN 21781 1135 12 of of IN 21781 1135 13 the the DT 21781 1135 14 ovary ovary JJ 21781 1135 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1135 16 as as IN 21781 1135 17 at at IN 21781 1135 18 1 1 CD 21781 1135 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1135 20 , , , 21781 1135 21 and and CC 21781 1135 22 move move VB 21781 1135 23 inward inward RB 21781 1135 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1135 25 2 2 CD 21781 1135 26 and and CC 21781 1135 27 3 3 CD 21781 1135 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1135 29 , , , 21781 1135 30 surrounded surround VBN 21781 1135 31 by by IN 21781 1135 32 a a DT 21781 1135 33 number number NN 21781 1135 34 of of IN 21781 1135 35 sister sister NN 21781 1135 36 cells cell NNS 21781 1135 37 , , , 21781 1135 38 which which WDT 21781 1135 39 afford afford VBP 21781 1135 40 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1135 41 nourishment nourishment NN 21781 1135 42 . . . 21781 1136 1 At at IN 21781 1136 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1136 3 4 4 CD 21781 1136 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1136 5 an an DT 21781 1136 6 ovum ovum NN 21781 1136 7 with with IN 21781 1136 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1136 9 surrounding surround VBG 21781 1136 10 group group NN 21781 1136 11 of of IN 21781 1136 12 cells cell NNS 21781 1136 13 is be VBZ 21781 1136 14 more more RBR 21781 1136 15 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1136 16 and and CC 21781 1136 17 near near IN 21781 1136 18 the the DT 21781 1136 19 centre centre NN 21781 1136 20 of of IN 21781 1136 21 the the DT 21781 1136 22 ovary ovary JJ 21781 1136 23 ; ; : 21781 1136 24 a a DT 21781 1136 25 fluid fluid NN 21781 1136 26 is be VBZ 21781 1136 27 appearing appear VBG 21781 1136 28 within within IN 21781 1136 29 the the DT 21781 1136 30 ovisac ovisac JJ 21781 1136 31 as as IN 21781 1136 32 the the DT 21781 1136 33 development development NN 21781 1136 34 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 1136 35 . . . 21781 1137 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1137 2 5 5 CD 21781 1137 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1137 4 is be VBZ 21781 1137 5 a a DT 21781 1137 6 much much RB 21781 1137 7 more more RBR 21781 1137 8 mature mature JJ 21781 1137 9 ovisac ovisac JJ 21781 1137 10 or or CC 21781 1137 11 Graafian graafian JJ 21781 1137 12 follicle follicle NN 21781 1137 13 . . . 21781 1138 1 Section section NN 21781 1138 2 138 138 CD 21781 1138 3 . . . 21781 1139 1 The the DT 21781 1139 2 ovum ovum NN 21781 1139 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1139 4 ov ov RB 21781 1139 5 . . . 21781 1140 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1140 2 , , , 21781 1140 3 is be VBZ 21781 1140 4 now now RB 21781 1140 5 large large JJ 21781 1140 6 , , , 21781 1140 7 and and CC 21781 1140 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1140 9 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 1140 10 and and CC 21781 1140 11 nucleolus nucleolus NNP 21781 1140 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1140 13 the the DT 21781 1140 14 germinal germinal JJ 21781 1140 15 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 1140 16 and and CC 21781 1140 17 spot spot NN 21781 1140 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1140 19 are be VBP 21781 1140 20 very very RB 21781 1140 21 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1140 22 . . . 21781 1141 1 The the DT 21781 1141 2 wall wall NN 21781 1141 3 of of IN 21781 1141 4 the the DT 21781 1141 5 follicle follicle NN 21781 1141 6 consists consist VBZ 21781 1141 7 , , , 21781 1141 8 in in IN 21781 1141 9 the the DT 21781 1141 10 mammal mammal JJ 21781 1141 11 , , , 21781 1141 12 of of IN 21781 1141 13 several several JJ 21781 1141 14 layers layer NNS 21781 1141 15 of of IN 21781 1141 16 cells cell NNS 21781 1141 17 , , , 21781 1141 18 the the DT 21781 1141 19 membrana membrana NNP 21781 1141 20 granulosa granulosa NNP 21781 1141 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1141 22 or or CC 21781 1141 23 " " `` 21781 1141 24 granulosa granulosa NNP 21781 1141 25 " " '' 21781 1141 26 simply simply RB 21781 1141 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1141 28 ; ; : 21781 1141 29 the the DT 21781 1141 30 ovum ovum NN 21781 1141 31 lies lie VBZ 21781 1141 32 on on IN 21781 1141 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1141 34 outer outer JJ 21781 1141 35 side side NN 21781 1141 36 embedded embed VBN 21781 1141 37 in in IN 21781 1141 38 a a DT 21781 1141 39 mass mass NN 21781 1141 40 of of IN 21781 1141 41 cells cell NNS 21781 1141 42 , , , 21781 1141 43 discus discus NNP 21781 1141 44 proligerus proligerus NNP 21781 1141 45 , , , 21781 1141 46 separated separate VBN 21781 1141 47 from from IN 21781 1141 48 actual actual JJ 21781 1141 49 contact contact NN 21781 1141 50 with with IN 21781 1141 51 the the DT 21781 1141 52 ovum ovum NN 21781 1141 53 by by IN 21781 1141 54 a a DT 21781 1141 55 zona zona NN 21781 1141 56 pellucida pellucida NN 21781 1141 57 . . . 21781 1142 1 The the DT 21781 1142 2 ripening ripening JJ 21781 1142 3 follicle follicle NN 21781 1142 4 moves move VBZ 21781 1142 5 to to IN 21781 1142 6 the the DT 21781 1142 7 surface surface NN 21781 1142 8 of of IN 21781 1142 9 the the DT 21781 1142 10 ovary ovary JJ 21781 1142 11 and and CC 21781 1142 12 bursts burst NNS 21781 1142 13 , , , 21781 1142 14 the the DT 21781 1142 15 ovum ovum NN 21781 1142 16 falls fall VBZ 21781 1142 17 into into IN 21781 1142 18 the the DT 21781 1142 19 body body NN 21781 1142 20 cavity cavity NN 21781 1142 21 . . . 21781 1143 1 In in IN 21781 1143 2 Figure figure NN 21781 1143 3 2 2 CD 21781 1143 4 , , , 21781 1143 5 a a DT 21781 1143 6 ripe ripe JJ 21781 1143 7 Graafian graafian JJ 21781 1143 8 follicle follicle NN 21781 1143 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1143 10 G.F. G.F. NNP 21781 1143 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1143 12 , , , 21781 1143 13 projects project NNS 21781 1143 14 upon upon IN 21781 1143 15 the the DT 21781 1143 16 ovary ovary NN 21781 1143 17 . . . 21781 1144 1 Section section NN 21781 1144 2 139 139 CD 21781 1144 3 . . . 21781 1145 1 The the DT 21781 1145 2 liberated liberated JJ 21781 1145 3 ovum ovum NN 21781 1145 4 is be VBZ 21781 1145 5 caught catch VBN 21781 1145 6 up up RP 21781 1145 7 by by IN 21781 1145 8 the the DT 21781 1145 9 funnel funnel NN 21781 1145 10 - - HYPH 21781 1145 11 shaped shape VBN 21781 1145 12 opening opening NN 21781 1145 13 of of IN 21781 1145 14 the the DT 21781 1145 15 Fallopian fallopian JJ 21781 1145 16 tube tube NN 21781 1145 17 , , , 21781 1145 18 which which WDT 21781 1145 19 passes pass VBZ 21781 1145 20 without without IN 21781 1145 21 any any DT 21781 1145 22 very very RB 21781 1145 23 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 1145 24 demarcation demarcation NN 21781 1145 25 into into IN 21781 1145 26 the the DT 21781 1145 27 cornu cornu NNP 21781 1145 28 uteri uteri NNP 21781 1145 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1145 30 c.ut c.ut NNP 21781 1145 31 . . . 21781 1145 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1146 1 of of IN 21781 1146 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1146 3 side side NN 21781 1146 4 ; ; : 21781 1146 5 the the DT 21781 1146 6 two two CD 21781 1146 7 uterine uterine JJ 21781 1146 8 cornua cornua NN 21781 1146 9 meeting meet VBG 21781 1146 10 together together RB 21781 1146 11 in in IN 21781 1146 12 the the DT 21781 1146 13 middle middle JJ 21781 1146 14 line line NN 21781 1146 15 form form VB 21781 1146 16 the the DT 21781 1146 17 vagina vagina NNP 21781 1146 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1146 19 V. V. NNP 21781 1146 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1146 21 , , , 21781 1146 22 which which WDT 21781 1146 23 runs run VBZ 21781 1146 24 out out RP 21781 1146 25 into into IN 21781 1146 26 a a DT 21781 1146 27 vestibule vestibule NN 21781 1146 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1146 29 vb vb NNP 21781 1146 30 . . . 21781 1146 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1147 1 opening opening NN 21781 1147 2 between between IN 21781 1147 3 tumid tumid NN 21781 1147 4 lips lip NNS 21781 1147 5 to to IN 21781 1147 6 the the DT 21781 1147 7 exterior exterior NN 21781 1147 8 . . . 21781 1148 1 The the DT 21781 1148 2 urinary urinary JJ 21781 1148 3 bladder bladder NN 21781 1148 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1148 5 ur.b ur.b NNP 21781 1148 6 . . . 21781 1148 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1149 1 also also RB 21781 1149 2 opens open VBZ 21781 1149 3 into into IN 21781 1149 4 the the DT 21781 1149 5 vestibule vestibule NN 21781 1149 6 , , , 21781 1149 7 and and CC 21781 1149 8 receives receive VBZ 21781 1149 9 the the DT 21781 1149 10 two two CD 21781 1149 11 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1149 12 from from IN 21781 1149 13 the the DT 21781 1149 14 kidney kidney NN 21781 1149 15 . . . 21781 1150 1 Section section NN 21781 1150 2 140 140 CD 21781 1150 3 . . . 21781 1151 1 In in IN 21781 1151 2 the the DT 21781 1151 3 male male NN 21781 1151 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1151 5 find find VBP 21781 1151 6 , , , 21781 1151 7 in in IN 21781 1151 8 the the DT 21781 1151 9 position position NN 21781 1151 10 of of IN 21781 1151 11 the the DT 21781 1151 12 female female JJ 21781 1151 13 uterus uterus NN 21781 1151 14 , , , 21781 1151 15 a a DT 21781 1151 16 uterus uterus NN 21781 1151 17 masculinus masculinus NN 21781 1151 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1151 19 u.m u.m NNP 21781 1151 20 . . NNP 21781 1151 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1151 22 . . . 21781 1152 1 The the DT 21781 1152 2 essential essential JJ 21781 1152 3 sexual sexual JJ 21781 1152 4 organ organ NN 21781 1152 5 is be VBZ 21781 1152 6 the the DT 21781 1152 7 testis testis NNP 21781 1152 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1152 9 T. t. NN 21781 1152 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1152 11 , , , 21781 1152 12 a a DT 21781 1152 13 compact compact JJ 21781 1152 14 mass mass NN 21781 1152 15 of of IN 21781 1152 16 coiling coil VBG 21781 1152 17 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 1152 18 , , , 21781 1152 19 which which WDT 21781 1152 20 opens open VBZ 21781 1152 21 by by IN 21781 1152 22 a a DT 21781 1152 23 number number NN 21781 1152 24 of of IN 21781 1152 25 ducts duct NNS 21781 1152 26 , , , 21781 1152 27 the the DT 21781 1152 28 vasa vasa NNP 21781 1152 29 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 1152 30 , , , 21781 1152 31 into into IN 21781 1152 32 a a DT 21781 1152 33 looser loose JJR 21781 1152 34 and and CC 21781 1152 35 softer soft JJR 21781 1152 36 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 1152 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1152 38 ep ep NNP 21781 1152 39 . . . 21781 1153 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1153 2 , , , 21781 1153 3 which which WDT 21781 1153 4 sends send VBZ 21781 1153 5 the the DT 21781 1153 6 sexual sexual JJ 21781 1153 7 product product NN 21781 1153 8 onward onward RB 21781 1153 9 through through IN 21781 1153 10 a a DT 21781 1153 11 vas vas NN 21781 1153 12 deferens deferens NNP 21781 1153 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1153 14 v.d v.d NNP 21781 1153 15 . . . 21781 1154 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1154 2 , , , 21781 1154 3 to to TO 21781 1154 4 open open VB 21781 1154 5 at at IN 21781 1154 6 the the DT 21781 1154 7 base base NN 21781 1154 8 of of IN 21781 1154 9 the the DT 21781 1154 10 uterus uterus NNP 21781 1154 11 masculinus masculinus NN 21781 1154 12 . . . 21781 1155 1 The the DT 21781 1155 2 urinary urinary JJ 21781 1155 3 bladder bladder NN 21781 1155 4 and and CC 21781 1155 5 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1155 6 correspond correspond VBP 21781 1155 7 with with IN 21781 1155 8 those those DT 21781 1155 9 of of IN 21781 1155 10 the the DT 21781 1155 11 female female NN 21781 1155 12 , , , 21781 1155 13 and and CC 21781 1155 14 the the DT 21781 1155 15 common common JJ 21781 1155 16 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 1155 17 duct duct NN 21781 1155 18 (= (= NNP 21781 1155 19 vestibule vestibule NN 21781 1155 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1155 21 , , , 21781 1155 22 the the DT 21781 1155 23 urethra urethra NN 21781 1155 24 , , , 21781 1155 25 is be VBZ 21781 1155 26 prolonged prolong VBN 21781 1155 27 into into IN 21781 1155 28 an an DT 21781 1155 29 erectile erectile JJ 21781 1155 30 penis penis NN 21781 1155 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1155 32 P. P. NNP 21781 1155 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1155 34 surrounded surround VBN 21781 1155 35 by by IN 21781 1155 36 a a DT 21781 1155 37 fold fold NN 21781 1155 38 of of IN 21781 1155 39 skin skin NN 21781 1155 40 , , , 21781 1155 41 the the DT 21781 1155 42 prepuce prepuce NN 21781 1155 43 . . . 21781 1156 1 A a DT 21781 1156 2 prostate prostate NN 21781 1156 3 gland gland NN 21781 1156 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1156 5 pr pr UH 21781 1156 6 . . . 21781 1157 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1157 2 , , , 21781 1157 3 contributes contribute VBZ 21781 1157 4 to to IN 21781 1157 5 the the DT 21781 1157 6 male male JJ 21781 1157 7 sexual sexual JJ 21781 1157 8 fluid fluid NN 21781 1157 9 . . . 21781 1158 1 The the DT 21781 1158 2 character character NN 21781 1158 3 of of IN 21781 1158 4 the the DT 21781 1158 5 essential essential JJ 21781 1158 6 male male JJ 21781 1158 7 element element NN 21781 1158 8 , , , 21781 1158 9 the the DT 21781 1158 10 spermatozoon spermatozoon NN 21781 1158 11 , , , 21781 1158 12 the the DT 21781 1158 13 general general JJ 21781 1158 14 nature nature NN 21781 1158 15 of of IN 21781 1158 16 the the DT 21781 1158 17 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 1158 18 process process NN 21781 1158 19 , , , 21781 1158 20 will will MD 21781 1158 21 be be VB 21781 1158 22 conveniently conveniently RB 21781 1158 23 deferred defer VBN 21781 1158 24 until until IN 21781 1158 25 the the DT 21781 1158 26 chapters chapter NNS 21781 1158 27 upon upon IN 21781 1158 28 development development NN 21781 1158 29 are be VBP 21781 1158 30 reached reach VBN 21781 1158 31 . . . 21781 1159 1 9 9 CD 21781 1159 2 . . . 21781 1160 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1160 2 Classificatory Classificatory NNP 21781 1160 3 Points Points NNPS 21781 1160 4 _ _ NNP 21781 1160 5 Section Section NNP 21781 1160 6 141 141 CD 21781 1160 7 . . . 21781 1161 1 The the DT 21781 1161 2 following follow VBG 21781 1161 3 facts fact NNS 21781 1161 4 of of IN 21781 1161 5 classificatory classificatory JJ 21781 1161 6 importance importance NN 21781 1161 7 may may MD 21781 1161 8 now now RB 21781 1161 9 be be VB 21781 1161 10 considered consider VBN 21781 1161 11 , , , 21781 1161 12 but but CC 21781 1161 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1161 14 full full JJ 21781 1161 15 force force NN 21781 1161 16 will will MD 21781 1161 17 be be VB 21781 1161 18 better well RBR 21781 1161 19 appreciated appreciate VBN 21781 1161 20 after after IN 21781 1161 21 the the DT 21781 1161 22 study study NN 21781 1161 23 of of IN 21781 1161 24 other other JJ 21781 1161 25 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1161 26 types type NNS 21781 1161 27 . . . 21781 1162 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1162 2 are be VBP 21781 1162 3 such such JJ 21781 1162 4 as as IN 21781 1162 5 come come VBN 21781 1162 6 prominently prominently RB 21781 1162 7 forward forward RB 21781 1162 8 in in IN 21781 1162 9 the the DT 21781 1162 10 comparison comparison NN 21781 1162 11 of of IN 21781 1162 12 the the DT 21781 1162 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1162 14 with with IN 21781 1162 15 other other JJ 21781 1162 16 organisms organism NNS 21781 1162 17 . . . 21781 1163 1 Section section NN 21781 1163 2 142 142 CD 21781 1163 3 . . . 21781 1164 1 In in IN 21781 1164 2 the the DT 21781 1164 3 first first JJ 21781 1164 4 place place NN 21781 1164 5 , , , 21781 1164 6 the the DT 21781 1164 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1164 8 is be VBZ 21781 1164 9 a a DT 21781 1164 10 metazoon metazoon NN 21781 1164 11 , , , 21781 1164 12 one one CD 21781 1164 13 of of IN 21781 1164 14 the the DT 21781 1164 15 metazoa metazoa NN 21781 1164 16 , , , 21781 1164 17 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 1164 18 , , , 21781 1164 19 a a DT 21781 1164 20 multicellular multicellular NN 21781 1164 21 organism organism NN 21781 1164 22 , , , 21781 1164 23 as as IN 21781 1164 24 compared compare VBN 21781 1164 25 with with IN 21781 1164 26 the the DT 21781 1164 27 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 1164 28 , , , 21781 1164 29 which which WDT 21781 1164 30 belongs belong VBZ 21781 1164 31 to to IN 21781 1164 32 the the DT 21781 1164 33 protozoa protozoa NN 21781 1164 34 or or CC 21781 1164 35 one one CD 21781 1164 36 - - HYPH 21781 1164 37 cell cell NN 21781 1164 38 animals animal NNS 21781 1164 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1164 40 Section section NN 21781 1164 41 55 55 CD 21781 1164 42 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1164 43 . . . 21781 1165 1 In in IN 21781 1165 2 the the DT 21781 1165 3 next next JJ 21781 1165 4 place place NN 21781 1165 5 , , , 21781 1165 6 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1165 7 is be VBZ 21781 1165 8 externally externally RB 21781 1165 9 bilaterally bilaterally RB 21781 1165 10 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 21781 1165 11 , , , 21781 1165 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1165 13 parts part NNS 21781 1165 14 balance balance NN 21781 1165 15 , , , 21781 1165 16 and and CC 21781 1165 17 where where WRB 21781 1165 18 , , , 21781 1165 19 in in IN 21781 1165 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1165 21 internal internal JJ 21781 1165 22 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1165 23 , , , 21781 1165 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1165 25 departs depart VBZ 21781 1165 26 from from IN 21781 1165 27 this this DT 21781 1165 28 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1165 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1165 30 as as IN 21781 1165 31 in in IN 21781 1165 32 the the DT 21781 1165 33 case case NN 21781 1165 34 of of IN 21781 1165 35 the the DT 21781 1165 36 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1165 37 , , , 21781 1165 38 the the DT 21781 1165 39 stomach stomach NN 21781 1165 40 and and CC 21781 1165 41 intestines intestine NNS 21781 1165 42 , , , 21781 1165 43 and and CC 21781 1165 44 the the DT 21781 1165 45 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 1165 46 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1165 47 , , , 21781 1165 48 the the DT 21781 1165 49 departure departure NN 21781 1165 50 has have VBZ 21781 1165 51 an an DT 21781 1165 52 appearance appearance NN 21781 1165 53 of of IN 21781 1165 54 being be VBG 21781 1165 55 the the DT 21781 1165 56 results result NNS 21781 1165 57 of of IN 21781 1165 58 partial partial JJ 21781 1165 59 reductions reduction NNS 21781 1165 60 and and CC 21781 1165 61 distortions distortion NNS 21781 1165 62 of of IN 21781 1165 63 an an DT 21781 1165 64 originally originally RB 21781 1165 65 quite quite RB 21781 1165 66 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 21781 1165 67 plan plan NN 21781 1165 68 . . . 21781 1166 1 And and CC 21781 1166 2 the the DT 21781 1166 3 facts fact NNS 21781 1166 4 of of IN 21781 1166 5 development development NN 21781 1166 6 strengthen strengthen VB 21781 1166 7 this this DT 21781 1166 8 idea idea NN 21781 1166 9 ; ; : 21781 1166 10 in in IN 21781 1166 11 the the DT 21781 1166 12 very very RB 21781 1166 13 earliest early JJS 21781 1166 14 stages stage NNS 21781 1166 15 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1166 16 have have VBP 21781 1166 17 paired pair VBN 21781 1166 18 aortic aortic JJ 21781 1166 19 arches arch NNS 21781 1166 20 , , , 21781 1166 21 of of IN 21781 1166 22 which which WDT 21781 1166 23 , , , 21781 1166 24 the the DT 21781 1166 25 left left NN 21781 1166 26 only only RB 21781 1166 27 remains remain VBZ 21781 1166 28 , , , 21781 1166 29 a a DT 21781 1166 30 straight straight JJ 21781 1166 31 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1166 32 canal canal NN 21781 1166 33 , , , 21781 1166 34 and and CC 21781 1166 35 less less RBR 21781 1166 36 asymmetrical asymmetrical JJ 21781 1166 37 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 1166 38 . . . 21781 1167 1 In in IN 21781 1167 2 the the DT 21781 1167 3 vast vast JJ 21781 1167 4 majority majority NN 21781 1167 5 of of IN 21781 1167 6 animals animal NNS 21781 1167 7 the the DT 21781 1167 8 same same JJ 21781 1167 9 bilateral bilateral JJ 21781 1167 10 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1167 11 is be VBZ 21781 1167 12 to to TO 21781 1167 13 be be VB 21781 1167 14 seen see VBN 21781 1167 15 , , , 21781 1167 16 but but CC 21781 1167 17 in in IN 21781 1167 18 the the DT 21781 1167 19 star star NN 21781 1167 20 - - HYPH 21781 1167 21 fish fish NN 21781 1167 22 and and CC 21781 1167 23 sea sea NN 21781 1167 24 - - HYPH 21781 1167 25 urchins urchin NNS 21781 1167 26 , , , 21781 1167 27 and and CC 21781 1167 28 in in IN 21781 1167 29 the the DT 21781 1167 30 jelly jelly NN 21781 1167 31 - - HYPH 21781 1167 32 fish fish NN 21781 1167 33 , , , 21781 1167 34 corals coral NNS 21781 1167 35 , , , 21781 1167 36 sea sea NN 21781 1167 37 anemones anemone NNS 21781 1167 38 , , , 21781 1167 39 and and CC 21781 1167 40 hydra hydra NNP 21781 1167 41 , , , 21781 1167 42 the the DT 21781 1167 43 general general JJ 21781 1167 44 form form NN 21781 1167 45 of of IN 21781 1167 46 the the DT 21781 1167 47 animal animal NN 21781 1167 48 is be VBZ 21781 1167 49 , , , 21781 1167 50 instead instead RB 21781 1167 51 , , , 21781 1167 52 arranged arrange VBD 21781 1167 53 round round IN 21781 1167 54 a a DT 21781 1167 55 centre centre NN 21781 1167 56 , , , 21781 1167 57 like like IN 21781 1167 58 a a DT 21781 1167 59 star star NN 21781 1167 60 and and CC 21781 1167 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1167 62 rays ray NNS 21781 1167 63 , , , 21781 1167 64 and and CC 21781 1167 65 the the DT 21781 1167 66 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1167 67 is be VBZ 21781 1167 68 called call VBN 21781 1167 69 radial radial JJ 21781 1167 70 . . . 21781 1168 1 Section section NN 21781 1168 2 143 143 CD 21781 1168 3 . . . 21781 1169 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1169 2 also also RB 21781 1169 3 see see VBP 21781 1169 4 in in IN 21781 1169 5 various various JJ 21781 1169 6 organs organ NNS 21781 1169 7 of of IN 21781 1169 8 the the DT 21781 1169 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1169 10 , , , 21781 1169 11 and and CC 21781 1169 12 especially especially RB 21781 1169 13 in in IN 21781 1169 14 the the DT 21781 1169 15 case case NN 21781 1169 16 of of IN 21781 1169 17 the the DT 21781 1169 18 limbs limb NNS 21781 1169 19 and and CC 21781 1169 20 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1169 21 column column NN 21781 1169 22 , , , 21781 1169 23 what what WP 21781 1169 24 is be VBZ 21781 1169 25 called call VBN 21781 1169 26 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1169 27 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1169 28 , , , 21781 1169 29 that that RB 21781 1169 30 is is RB 21781 1169 31 , , , 21781 1169 32 a a DT 21781 1169 33 repetition repetition NN 21781 1169 34 of of IN 21781 1169 35 parts part NNS 21781 1169 36 , , , 21781 1169 37 one one CD 21781 1169 38 behind behind IN 21781 1169 39 the the DT 21781 1169 40 other other JJ 21781 1169 41 , , , 21781 1169 42 along along IN 21781 1169 43 the the DT 21781 1169 44 axis axis NN 21781 1169 45 of of IN 21781 1169 46 the the DT 21781 1169 47 body body NN 21781 1169 48 . . . 21781 1170 1 Thus thus RB 21781 1170 2 the the DT 21781 1170 3 bodies body NNS 21781 1170 4 and and CC 21781 1170 5 arches arch NNS 21781 1170 6 of of IN 21781 1170 7 the the DT 21781 1170 8 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1170 9 repeat repeat VBP 21781 1170 10 each each DT 21781 1170 11 other other JJ 21781 1170 12 , , , 21781 1170 13 and and CC 21781 1170 14 so so RB 21781 1170 15 do do VB 21781 1170 16 the the DT 21781 1170 17 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1170 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1170 19 . . . 21781 1171 1 The the DT 21781 1171 2 renal renal JJ 21781 1171 3 organ organ NN 21781 1171 4 of of IN 21781 1171 5 the the DT 21781 1171 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1171 7 , , , 21781 1171 8 some some DT 21781 1171 9 time time NN 21781 1171 10 before before IN 21781 1171 11 birth birth NN 21781 1171 12 , , , 21781 1171 13 displays display VBZ 21781 1171 14 a a DT 21781 1171 15 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1171 16 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 1171 17 of of IN 21781 1171 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1171 19 parts part NNS 21781 1171 20 ; ; : 21781 1171 21 but but CC 21781 1171 22 this this DT 21781 1171 23 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 1171 24 , , , 21781 1171 25 as as IN 21781 1171 26 development development NN 21781 1171 27 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 1171 28 , , , 21781 1171 29 into into IN 21781 1171 30 the the DT 21781 1171 31 compact compact JJ 21781 1171 32 kidney kidney NN 21781 1171 33 of of IN 21781 1171 34 the the DT 21781 1171 35 adult adult NN 21781 1171 36 . . . 21781 1172 1 But but CC 21781 1172 2 the the DT 21781 1172 3 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1172 4 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1172 5 in in IN 21781 1172 6 the the DT 21781 1172 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1172 8 's 's POS 21781 1172 9 organism organism NN 21781 1172 10 is be VBZ 21781 1172 11 not not RB 21781 1172 12 nearly nearly RB 21781 1172 13 so so RB 21781 1172 14 marked marked JJ 21781 1172 15 as as IN 21781 1172 16 that that DT 21781 1172 17 of of IN 21781 1172 18 an an DT 21781 1172 19 earthworm earthworm NN 21781 1172 20 , , , 21781 1172 21 for for IN 21781 1172 22 instance instance NN 21781 1172 23 , , , 21781 1172 24 which which WDT 21781 1172 25 is be VBZ 21781 1172 26 visibly visibly RB 21781 1172 27 a a DT 21781 1172 28 chain chain NN 21781 1172 29 of of IN 21781 1172 30 rings ring NNS 21781 1172 31 . . . 21781 1173 1 If if IN 21781 1173 2 the the DT 21781 1173 3 student student NN 21781 1173 4 wants want VBZ 21781 1173 5 a a DT 21781 1173 6 perfect perfect JJ 21781 1173 7 figure figure NN 21781 1173 8 of of IN 21781 1173 9 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1173 10 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1173 11 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1173 12 should should MD 21781 1173 13 think think VB 21781 1173 14 of of IN 21781 1173 15 a a DT 21781 1173 16 train train NN 21781 1173 17 of of IN 21781 1173 18 precisely precisely RB 21781 1173 19 similar similar JJ 21781 1173 20 carriages carriage NNS 21781 1173 21 , , , 21781 1173 22 or or CC 21781 1173 23 a a DT 21781 1173 24 string string NN 21781 1173 25 of of IN 21781 1173 26 beads bead NNS 21781 1173 27 . . . 21781 1174 1 One one CD 21781 1174 2 bead bead NN 21781 1174 3 , , , 21781 1174 4 one one CD 21781 1174 5 carriage carriage NN 21781 1174 6 , , , 21781 1174 7 one one CD 21781 1174 8 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 1174 9 , , , 21781 1174 10 would would MD 21781 1174 11 be be VB 21781 1174 12 a a DT 21781 1174 13 metamere metamere NN 21781 1174 14 . . . 21781 1175 1 Section section NN 21781 1175 2 144 144 CD 21781 1175 3 . . . 21781 1176 1 In in IN 21781 1176 2 contrast contrast NN 21781 1176 3 to to IN 21781 1176 4 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1176 5 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1176 6 is be VBZ 21781 1176 7 the the DT 21781 1176 8 antimeric antimeric JJ 21781 1176 9 repetition repetition NN 21781 1176 10 of of IN 21781 1176 11 radial radial JJ 21781 1176 12 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1176 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1176 14 Section section NN 21781 1176 15 142 142 CD 21781 1176 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1176 17 , , , 21781 1176 18 in in IN 21781 1176 19 which which WDT 21781 1176 20 each each DT 21781 1176 21 ray ray NN 21781 1176 22 of of IN 21781 1176 23 the the DT 21781 1176 24 star star NN 21781 1176 25 is be VBZ 21781 1176 26 called call VBN 21781 1176 27 an an DT 21781 1176 28 antimere antimere NN 21781 1176 29 . . . 21781 1177 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1177 2 is be VBZ 21781 1177 3 possible possible JJ 21781 1177 4 to to TO 21781 1177 5 have have VB 21781 1177 6 bilateral bilateral JJ 21781 1177 7 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1177 8 without without IN 21781 1177 9 a a DT 21781 1177 10 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1177 11 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 1177 12 of of IN 21781 1177 13 parts part NNS 21781 1177 14 , , , 21781 1177 15 as as IN 21781 1177 16 in in IN 21781 1177 17 the the DT 21781 1177 18 mussel mussel NN 21781 1177 19 and and CC 21781 1177 20 the the DT 21781 1177 21 cuttle cuttle NN 21781 1177 22 - - HYPH 21781 1177 23 fish fish NN 21781 1177 24 ; ; : 21781 1177 25 but but CC 21781 1177 26 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1177 27 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1177 28 without without IN 21781 1177 29 complete complete JJ 21781 1177 30 or or CC 21781 1177 31 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1177 32 bilateral bilateral JJ 21781 1177 33 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1177 34 does do VBZ 21781 1177 35 not not RB 21781 1177 36 occur occur VB 21781 1177 37 . . . 21781 1178 1 Section section NN 21781 1178 2 145 145 CD 21781 1178 3 . . . 21781 1179 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1179 2 are be VBP 21781 1179 3 now now RB 21781 1179 4 in in IN 21781 1179 5 a a DT 21781 1179 6 position position NN 21781 1179 7 to to TO 21781 1179 8 appreciate appreciate VB 21781 1179 9 the the DT 21781 1179 10 fact fact NN 21781 1179 11 that that IN 21781 1179 12 the the DT 21781 1179 13 old old JJ 21781 1179 14 and and CC 21781 1179 15 more more JJR 21781 1179 16 popularly popularly RB 21781 1179 17 know know VBP 21781 1179 18 division division NN 21781 1179 19 of of IN 21781 1179 20 animals animal NNS 21781 1179 21 into into IN 21781 1179 22 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1179 23 and and CC 21781 1179 24 invertebrata invertebrata NN 21781 1179 25 scarcely scarcely RB 21781 1179 26 represents represent VBZ 21781 1179 27 the the DT 21781 1179 28 facts fact NNS 21781 1179 29 of of IN 21781 1179 30 the the DT 21781 1179 31 case case NN 21781 1179 32 , , , 21781 1179 33 that that IN 21781 1179 34 the the DT 21781 1179 35 primary primary JJ 21781 1179 36 division division NN 21781 1179 37 should should MD 21781 1179 38 be be VB 21781 1179 39 into into IN 21781 1179 40 protozoa protozoa NN 21781 1179 41 and and CC 21781 1179 42 metazoa metazoa NN 21781 1179 43 , , , 21781 1179 44 and and CC 21781 1179 45 that that IN 21781 1179 46 the the DT 21781 1179 47 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1179 48 are be VBP 21781 1179 49 one one CD 21781 1179 50 of of IN 21781 1179 51 several several JJ 21781 1179 52 groups group NNS 21781 1179 53 of of IN 21781 1179 54 metazoa metazoa NN 21781 1179 55 with with IN 21781 1179 56 a a DT 21781 1179 57 fundamental fundamental JJ 21781 1179 58 bilateral bilateral JJ 21781 1179 59 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1179 60 and and CC 21781 1179 61 imperfect imperfect JJ 21781 1179 62 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1179 63 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1179 64 . . . 21781 1180 1 The the DT 21781 1180 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1180 3 is be VBZ 21781 1180 4 one one CD 21781 1180 5 of of IN 21781 1180 6 the the DT 21781 1180 7 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1180 8 , , , 21781 1180 9 and and CC 21781 1180 10 , , , 21781 1180 11 in in IN 21781 1180 12 common common JJ 21781 1180 13 with with IN 21781 1180 14 all all PDT 21781 1180 15 the the DT 21781 1180 16 other other JJ 21781 1180 17 animals animal NNS 21781 1180 18 collected collect VBN 21781 1180 19 under under IN 21781 1180 20 this this DT 21781 1180 21 head head NN 21781 1180 22 , , , 21781 1180 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1180 24 has-- has-- NNP 21781 1180 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1180 26 a a LS 21781 1180 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1180 28 A a DT 21781 1180 29 skeletal skeletal JJ 21781 1180 30 axis axis NN 21781 1180 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1180 32 the the DT 21781 1180 33 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1180 34 column column NN 21781 1180 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1180 36 between between IN 21781 1180 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1180 38 central central JJ 21781 1180 39 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1180 40 system system NN 21781 1180 41 and and CC 21781 1180 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1180 43 body body NN 21781 1180 44 cavity cavity NN 21781 1180 45 . . . 21781 1181 1 In in IN 21781 1181 2 the the DT 21781 1181 3 adult adult NN 21781 1181 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1181 5 this this DT 21781 1181 6 consists consist VBZ 21781 1181 7 of of IN 21781 1181 8 a a DT 21781 1181 9 chain chain NN 21781 1181 10 of of IN 21781 1181 11 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1181 12 , , , 21781 1181 13 but but CC 21781 1181 14 in in IN 21781 1181 15 the the DT 21781 1181 16 embryo embryo NN 21781 1181 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1181 18 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 1181 19 , , , 21781 1181 20 the the DT 21781 1181 21 young young JJ 21781 1181 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1181 23 before before IN 21781 1181 24 birth birth NN 21781 1181 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1181 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1181 27 is be VBZ 21781 1181 28 represented represent VBN 21781 1181 29 by by IN 21781 1181 30 a a DT 21781 1181 31 continuous continuous JJ 21781 1181 32 chord chord NN 21781 1181 33 , , , 21781 1181 34 the the DT 21781 1181 35 notochord notochord NN 21781 1181 36 , , , 21781 1181 37 and and CC 21781 1181 38 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1181 39 remains remain VBZ 21781 1181 40 as as RB 21781 1181 41 such such JJ 21781 1181 42 in in IN 21781 1181 43 some some DT 21781 1181 44 of of IN 21781 1181 45 the the DT 21781 1181 46 lowest low JJS 21781 1181 47 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1181 48 throughout throughout IN 21781 1181 49 life life NN 21781 1181 50 . . . 21781 1182 1 In in IN 21781 1182 2 other other JJ 21781 1182 3 words word NNS 21781 1182 4 , , , 21781 1182 5 in in IN 21781 1182 6 these these DT 21781 1182 7 lower low JJR 21781 1182 8 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1182 9 , , , 21781 1182 10 the the DT 21781 1182 11 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1182 12 axis axis NN 21781 1182 13 is be VBZ 21781 1182 14 not not RB 21781 1182 15 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1182 16 . . . 21781 1183 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1183 2 b b LS 21781 1183 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1183 4 A a DT 21781 1183 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1183 6 and and CC 21781 1183 7 -Tubular -Tubular NNP 21781 1183 8 _ _ NNP 21781 1183 9 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1183 10 axis axis NNP 21781 1183 11 . . . 21781 1184 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1184 2 Section section NN 21781 1184 3 131 131 CD 21781 1184 4 , , , 21781 1184 5 the the DT 21781 1184 6 central central JJ 21781 1184 7 canal canal NN 21781 1184 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1184 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1184 10 c c NN 21781 1184 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1184 12 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1184 13 has have VBZ 21781 1184 14 , , , 21781 1184 15 though though IN 21781 1184 16 in in IN 21781 1184 17 the the DT 21781 1184 18 embryo embryo NN 21781 1184 19 only only RB 21781 1184 20 , , , 21781 1184 21 certain certain JJ 21781 1184 22 slits slit NNS 21781 1184 23 between between IN 21781 1184 24 the the DT 21781 1184 25 throat throat NN 21781 1184 26 and and CC 21781 1184 27 the the DT 21781 1184 28 exterior exterior NN 21781 1184 29 , , , 21781 1184 30 like like IN 21781 1184 31 the the DT 21781 1184 32 gill gill JJ 21781 1184 33 slits slit NNS 21781 1184 34 of of IN 21781 1184 35 a a DT 21781 1184 36 fish fish NN 21781 1184 37 . . . 21781 1185 1 Such such JJ 21781 1185 2 slits slit NNS 21781 1185 3 are-- are-- NNP 21781 1185 4 with with IN 21781 1185 5 one one CD 21781 1185 6 or or CC 21781 1185 7 two two CD 21781 1185 8 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 1185 9 exceptions exception NNS 21781 1185 10 outside outside IN 21781 1185 11 the the DT 21781 1185 12 sub sub JJ 21781 1185 13 - - JJ 21781 1185 14 kingdom-- kingdom-- JJ 21781 1185 15 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1185 16 vertebrate vertebrate VBP 21781 1185 17 features feature NNS 21781 1185 18 , , , 21781 1185 19 and and CC 21781 1185 20 remain remain VBP 21781 1185 21 , , , 21781 1185 22 of of IN 21781 1185 23 course course NN 21781 1185 24 , , , 21781 1185 25 in in IN 21781 1185 26 fishes fish NNS 21781 1185 27 throughout throughout IN 21781 1185 28 life life NN 21781 1185 29 . . . 21781 1186 1 The the DT 21781 1186 2 presence presence NN 21781 1186 3 of of IN 21781 1186 4 true true JJ 21781 1186 5 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1186 6 and and CC 21781 1186 7 bone bone NN 21781 1186 8 mark mark VBP 21781 1186 9 a a DT 21781 1186 10 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1186 11 , , , 21781 1186 12 but but CC 21781 1186 13 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1186 14 occur occur VBP 21781 1186 15 in in IN 21781 1186 16 which which WDT 21781 1186 17 -these -these JJ 21781 1186 18 tissues- tissues- NNS 21781 1186 19 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1186 20 bone bone NN 21781 1186 21 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1186 22 -are- -are- : 21781 1186 23 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1186 24 is be VBZ 21781 1186 25 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1186 26 absent absent JJ 21781 1186 27 . . . 21781 1187 1 Section section NN 21781 1187 2 146 146 CD 21781 1187 3 . . . 21781 1188 1 The the DT 21781 1188 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1188 3 shares share VBZ 21781 1188 4 the the DT 21781 1188 5 following follow VBG 21781 1188 6 features feature NNS 21781 1188 7 with with IN 21781 1188 8 all all PDT 21781 1188 9 the the DT 21781 1188 10 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1188 11 , , , 21781 1188 12 except except IN 21781 1188 13 the the DT 21781 1188 14 true true JJ 21781 1188 15 fishes fish NNS 21781 1188 16 , , , 21781 1188 17 which which WDT 21781 1188 18 do do VBP 21781 1188 19 not not RB 21781 1188 20 possess possess VB 21781 1188 21 any any DT 21781 1188 22 of of IN 21781 1188 23 them-- them-- NN 21781 1188 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1188 25 a a LS 21781 1188 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1188 27 Lungs lung NNS 21781 1188 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1188 29 but but CC 21781 1188 30 many many JJ 21781 1188 31 fish fish NNS 21781 1188 32 have have VBP 21781 1188 33 a a DT 21781 1188 34 swimming swimming NN 21781 1188 35 bladder bladder NN 21781 1188 36 which which WDT 21781 1188 37 answers answer VBZ 21781 1188 38 to to IN 21781 1188 39 the the DT 21781 1188 40 lungs lung NNS 21781 1188 41 in in IN 21781 1188 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1188 43 anatomical anatomical JJ 21781 1188 44 relations relation NNS 21781 1188 45 . . . 21781 1188 46 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1189 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1189 2 b b LS 21781 1189 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1189 4 Limbs Limbs NNP 21781 1189 5 which which WDT 21781 1189 6 consist consist VBP 21781 1189 7 of of IN 21781 1189 8 a a DT 21781 1189 9 proximal proximal JJ 21781 1189 10 joint joint NN 21781 1189 11 of of IN 21781 1189 12 one one CD 21781 1189 13 bone bone NN 21781 1189 14 an an DT 21781 1189 15 intermediate intermediate JJ 21781 1189 16 part part NN 21781 1189 17 of of IN 21781 1189 18 two two CD 21781 1189 19 , , , 21781 1189 20 and and CC 21781 1189 21 a a DT 21781 1189 22 distal distal JJ 21781 1189 23 portion portion NN 21781 1189 24 which which WDT 21781 1189 25 has have VBZ 21781 1189 26 five five CD 21781 1189 27 digits digit NNS 21781 1189 28 , , , 21781 1189 29 or or CC 21781 1189 30 is be VBZ 21781 1189 31 evidently evidently RB 21781 1189 32 a a DT 21781 1189 33 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1189 34 form form NN 21781 1189 35 of of IN 21781 1189 36 the the DT 21781 1189 37 five five CD 21781 1189 38 - - HYPH 21781 1189 39 digit digit NN 21781 1189 40 limb limb NN 21781 1189 41 . . . 21781 1190 1 * * NFP 21781 1190 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1190 3 c c NN 21781 1190 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1190 5 The the DT 21781 1190 6 absence absence NN 21781 1190 7 of of IN 21781 1190 8 a a DT 21781 1190 9 median median JJ 21781 1190 10 fin fin NN 21781 1190 11 supported support VBN 21781 1190 12 by by IN 21781 1190 13 fin fin NN 21781 1190 14 rays ray NNS 21781 1190 15 . . . 21781 1191 1 * * NFP 21781 1191 2 * * NFP 21781 1191 3 * * NFP 21781 1191 4 The the DT 21781 1191 5 frog frog NN 21781 1191 6 shows show VBZ 21781 1191 7 indications indication NNS 21781 1191 8 of of IN 21781 1191 9 a a DT 21781 1191 10 sixth sixth JJ 21781 1191 11 digit digit NN 21781 1191 12 . . . 21781 1192 1 * * NFP 21781 1192 2 * * NFP 21781 1192 3 The the DT 21781 1192 4 frog frog NN 21781 1192 5 's 's POS 21781 1192 6 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1192 7 has have VBZ 21781 1192 8 a a DT 21781 1192 9 median median JJ 21781 1192 10 fin fin NN 21781 1192 11 , , , 21781 1192 12 but but CC 21781 1192 13 no no DT 21781 1192 14 fin fin NN 21781 1192 15 rays ray NNS 21781 1192 16 . . . 21781 1193 1 Section section NN 21781 1193 2 147 147 CD 21781 1193 3 . . . 21781 1194 1 The the DT 21781 1194 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1194 3 shares share VBZ 21781 1194 4 the the DT 21781 1194 5 following follow VBG 21781 1194 6 features feature NNS 21781 1194 7 with with IN 21781 1194 8 all all PDT 21781 1194 9 the the DT 21781 1194 10 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1194 11 above above IN 21781 1194 12 the the DT 21781 1194 13 fishes fish NNS 21781 1194 14 and and CC 21781 1194 15 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 1194 16 (= (= NNP 21781 1194 17 frogs frog NNS 21781 1194 18 , , , 21781 1194 19 toads toad NNS 21781 1194 20 , , , 21781 1194 21 newts newts NNPS 21781 1194 22 , , , 21781 1194 23 and and CC 21781 1194 24 etc etc FW 21781 1194 25 . . . 21781 1194 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1195 1 -- -- : 21781 1195 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1195 3 a a LS 21781 1195 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1195 5 Absence absence NN 21781 1195 6 of of IN 21781 1195 7 gills gill NNS 21781 1195 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1195 9 not not RB 21781 1195 10 gill gill JJ 21781 1195 11 slits slit NNS 21781 1195 12 , , , 21781 1195 13 note note VBP 21781 1195 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1195 15 at at IN 21781 1195 16 any any DT 21781 1195 17 stage stage NN 21781 1195 18 in in IN 21781 1195 19 development development NN 21781 1195 20 . . . 21781 1196 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1196 2 b b LS 21781 1196 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1196 4 An an DT 21781 1196 5 amnion amnion NN 21781 1196 6 , , , 21781 1196 7 and and CC 21781 1196 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1196 9 c c NN 21781 1196 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1196 11 An an DT 21781 1196 12 allantois allantois NN 21781 1196 13 in in IN 21781 1196 14 development development NN 21781 1196 15 . . . 21781 1197 1 The the DT 21781 1197 2 meaning meaning NN 21781 1197 3 of of IN 21781 1197 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1197 5 b b NN 21781 1197 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1197 7 and and CC 21781 1197 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1197 9 c c NN 21781 1197 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1197 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1197 12 shall shall MD 21781 1197 13 explain explain VB 21781 1197 14 to to IN 21781 1197 15 the the DT 21781 1197 16 student student NN 21781 1197 17 in in IN 21781 1197 18 the the DT 21781 1197 19 chapters chapter NNS 21781 1197 20 on on IN 21781 1197 21 embryology embryology NN 21781 1197 22 . . . 21781 1198 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1198 2 simply simply RB 21781 1198 3 mention mention VBP 21781 1198 4 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1198 5 here here RB 21781 1198 6 to to TO 21781 1198 7 render render VB 21781 1198 8 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1198 9 table table NN 21781 1198 10 complete complete JJ 21781 1198 11 . . . 21781 1199 1 Section section NN 21781 1199 2 148 148 CD 21781 1199 3 . . . 21781 1200 1 The the DT 21781 1200 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1200 3 shares share NNS 21781 1200 4 with with IN 21781 1200 5 all all DT 21781 1200 6 mammals mammal NNS 21781 1200 7 , , , 21781 1200 8 and and CC 21781 1200 9 differs differ NNS 21781 1200 10 from from IN 21781 1200 11 all all DT 21781 1200 12 other other JJ 21781 1200 13 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1200 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1200 15 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 1200 16 , , , 21781 1200 17 birds bird NNS 21781 1200 18 , , , 21781 1200 19 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 1200 20 , , , 21781 1200 21 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 1200 22 , , , 21781 1200 23 and and CC 21781 1200 24 fishes fish VBZ 21781 1200 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1200 26 , , , 21781 1200 27 in in IN 21781 1200 28 having-- having-- NNP 21781 1200 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1200 30 a a LS 21781 1200 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1200 32 Hair hair NN 21781 1200 33 . . . 21781 1201 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1201 2 b b LS 21781 1201 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1201 4 A a DT 21781 1201 5 diaphragm diaphragm NN 21781 1201 6 . . . 21781 1202 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1202 2 c c NN 21781 1202 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1202 4 Only only RB 21781 1202 5 one one CD 21781 1202 6 aortic aortic NN 21781 1202 7 arch arch NN 21781 1202 8 , , , 21781 1202 9 and and CC 21781 1202 10 that that IN 21781 1202 11 on on IN 21781 1202 12 the the DT 21781 1202 13 left left JJ 21781 1202 14 side side NN 21781 1202 15 of of IN 21781 1202 16 the the DT 21781 1202 17 body body NN 21781 1202 18 . . . 21781 1203 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1203 2 d d LS 21781 1203 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1203 4 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1203 5 young young JJ 21781 1203 6 born bear VBN 21781 1203 7 alive alive JJ 21781 1203 8 . . . 21781 1204 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1204 2 But but CC 21781 1204 3 two two CD 21781 1204 4 very very RB 21781 1204 5 reptile reptile JJ 21781 1204 6 - - HYPH 21781 1204 7 like like JJ 21781 1204 8 mammals mammal NNS 21781 1204 9 of of IN 21781 1204 10 Australia Australia NNP 21781 1204 11 , , , 21781 1204 12 the the DT 21781 1204 13 duck duck NN 21781 1204 14 - - HYPH 21781 1204 15 billed bill VBN 21781 1204 16 platypus platypus NN 21781 1204 17 and and CC 21781 1204 18 the the DT 21781 1204 19 echidna echidna NN 21781 1204 20 , , , 21781 1204 21 lay lay VB 21781 1204 22 eggs egg NNS 21781 1204 23 , , , 21781 1204 24 and and CC 21781 1204 25 certain certain JJ 21781 1204 26 fish fish NN 21781 1204 27 and and CC 21781 1204 28 reptiles reptile VBZ 21781 1204 29 bear bear NN 21781 1204 30 living live VBG 21781 1204 31 young young JJ 21781 1204 32 . . . 21781 1204 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1205 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1205 2 e e LS 21781 1205 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1205 4 Epiphyses epiphysis NNS 21781 1205 5 to to IN 21781 1205 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1205 7 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1205 8 -centre- -centre- NN 21781 1205 9 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1205 10 centra centra NNP 21781 1205 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1205 12 . . . 21781 1206 1 * * NFP 21781 1206 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1206 3 f f LS 21781 1206 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1206 5 The the DT 21781 1206 6 cerebral cerebral JJ 21781 1206 7 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 1206 8 covering cover VBG 21781 1206 9 the the DT 21781 1206 10 mid mid NN 21781 1206 11 - - NN 21781 1206 12 brain brain NN 21781 1206 13 . . . 21781 1207 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1207 2 g g NNP 21781 1207 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1207 4 Corpora Corpora NNP 21781 1207 5 quadrigemina quadrigemina NN 21781 1207 6 instead instead RB 21781 1207 7 of of IN 21781 1207 8 bigemina bigemina NNP 21781 1207 9 . . . 21781 1208 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1208 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1208 3 h h NN 21781 1208 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1208 5 A a DT 21781 1208 6 corpus corpus NN 21781 1208 7 callosum callosum NN 21781 1208 8 . . . 21781 1208 9 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1209 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1209 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1209 3 i i NN 21781 1209 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1209 5 A a DT 21781 1209 6 spirally spirally RB 21781 1209 7 coiled coil VBN 21781 1209 8 cochlea cochlea NN 21781 1209 9 to to IN 21781 1209 10 the the DT 21781 1209 11 internal internal JJ 21781 1209 12 ear ear NN 21781 1209 13 . . . 21781 1209 14 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1210 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1210 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1210 3 In in IN 21781 1210 4 respect respect NN 21781 1210 5 to to IN 21781 1210 6 h h NN 21781 1210 7 and and CC 21781 1210 8 i i PRP 21781 1210 9 also also RB 21781 1210 10 , , , 21781 1210 11 the the DT 21781 1210 12 echidna echidna NN 21781 1210 13 and and CC 21781 1210 14 platypus platypus NN 21781 1210 15 are be VBP 21781 1210 16 scarcely scarcely RB 21781 1210 17 mammalinan mammalinan JJ 21781 1210 18 . . . 21781 1210 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1210 20 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1211 1 * * NFP 21781 1211 2 But but CC 21781 1211 3 certain certain JJ 21781 1211 4 mammals mammal NNS 21781 1211 5 have have VBP 21781 1211 6 no no DT 21781 1211 7 such such JJ 21781 1211 8 epiphyses epiphysis NNS 21781 1211 9 . . . 21781 1212 1 Section section NN 21781 1212 2 149 149 CD 21781 1212 3 . . . 21781 1213 1 The the DT 21781 1213 2 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1213 3 , , , 21781 1213 4 together together RB 21781 1213 5 with with IN 21781 1213 6 the the DT 21781 1213 7 hares hare NNS 21781 1213 8 and and CC 21781 1213 9 conies cony NNS 21781 1213 10 , , , 21781 1213 11 rats rat NNS 21781 1213 12 and and CC 21781 1213 13 mice mouse NNS 21781 1213 14 , , , 21781 1213 15 voles vole NNS 21781 1213 16 , , , 21781 1213 17 squirrels squirrel NNS 21781 1213 18 , , , 21781 1213 19 beavers beaver NNS 21781 1213 20 , , , 21781 1213 21 cavies cavy NNS 21781 1213 22 , , , 21781 1213 23 guineapigs guineapig NNS 21781 1213 24 is be VBZ 21781 1213 25 included include VBN 21781 1213 26 in in IN 21781 1213 27 that that DT 21781 1213 28 order order NN 21781 1213 29 of of IN 21781 1213 30 the the DT 21781 1213 31 class class NN 21781 1213 32 of of IN 21781 1213 33 mammals mammal NNS 21781 1213 34 which which WDT 21781 1213 35 is be VBZ 21781 1213 36 called call VBN 21781 1213 37 the the DT 21781 1213 38 rodentia rodentia NN 21781 1213 39 , , , 21781 1213 40 and and CC 21781 1213 41 is be VBZ 21781 1213 42 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 1213 43 by by IN 21781 1213 44 the the DT 21781 1213 45 character character NN 21781 1213 46 of of IN 21781 1213 47 the the DT 21781 1213 48 incisor incisor NN 21781 1213 49 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1213 50 from from IN 21781 1213 51 other other JJ 21781 1213 52 orders order NNS 21781 1213 53 of of IN 21781 1213 54 the the DT 21781 1213 55 class class NN 21781 1213 56 . . . 21781 1214 1 10 10 CD 21781 1214 2 . . . 21781 1215 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1215 2 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 1215 3 and and CC 21781 1215 4 Exercises Exercises NNPS 21781 1215 5 _ _ NNP 21781 1215 6 1 1 CD 21781 1215 7 . . . 21781 1216 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1216 2 the the DT 21781 1216 3 venous venous JJ 21781 1216 4 circulation circulation NN 21781 1216 5 of of IN 21781 1216 6 the the DT 21781 1216 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1216 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1216 9 with with IN 21781 1216 10 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1216 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1216 12 . . . 21781 1217 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1217 2 a a DT 21781 1217 3 vein vein NN 21781 1217 4 and and CC 21781 1217 5 artery artery NN 21781 1217 6 . . . 21781 1218 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1218 2 the the DT 21781 1218 3 distribution distribution NN 21781 1218 4 of of IN 21781 1218 5 the the DT 21781 1218 6 great great JJ 21781 1218 7 venous venous JJ 21781 1218 8 trunks trunk NNS 21781 1218 9 with with IN 21781 1218 10 that that DT 21781 1218 11 of of IN 21781 1218 12 the the DT 21781 1218 13 arterial arterial JJ 21781 1218 14 system system NN 21781 1218 15 . . . 21781 1219 1 2 2 LS 21781 1219 2 . . . 21781 1220 1 Construct construct VB 21781 1220 2 a a DT 21781 1220 3 general general JJ 21781 1220 4 diagram diagram NN 21781 1220 5 of of IN 21781 1220 6 the the DT 21781 1220 7 circulation circulation NN 21781 1220 8 of of IN 21781 1220 9 the the DT 21781 1220 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1220 11 , , , 21781 1220 12 to to TO 21781 1220 13 show show VB 21781 1220 14 especially especially RB 21781 1220 15 the the DT 21781 1220 16 relation relation NN 21781 1220 17 of of IN 21781 1220 18 the the DT 21781 1220 19 portal portal JJ 21781 1220 20 system system NN 21781 1220 21 , , , 21781 1220 22 the the DT 21781 1220 23 lymphatics lymphatic NNS 21781 1220 24 and and CC 21781 1220 25 lacteals lacteal NNS 21781 1220 26 , , , 21781 1220 27 and and CC 21781 1220 28 the the DT 21781 1220 29 renal renal JJ 21781 1220 30 circulation circulation NN 21781 1220 31 to to IN 21781 1220 32 the the DT 21781 1220 33 main main JJ 21781 1220 34 blood blood NN 21781 1220 35 current current JJ 21781 1220 36 . . . 21781 1221 1 3 3 LS 21781 1221 2 . . . 21781 1222 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1222 2 the the DT 21781 1222 3 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1222 4 canal canal NN 21781 1222 5 of of IN 21781 1222 6 the the DT 21781 1222 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1222 8 from from IN 21781 1222 9 memory memory NN 21781 1222 10 . . . 21781 1223 1 4 4 LS 21781 1223 2 . . . 21781 1224 1 What what WP 21781 1224 2 is be VBZ 21781 1224 3 a a DT 21781 1224 4 villus villus NN 21781 1224 5 ? ? . 21781 1225 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1225 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1225 3 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 1225 4 , , , 21781 1225 5 and and CC 21781 1225 6 the the DT 21781 1225 7 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1225 8 within within IN 21781 1225 9 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1225 10 . . . 21781 1226 1 Write write VB 21781 1226 2 as as RB 21781 1226 3 explicit explicit JJ 21781 1226 4 an an DT 21781 1226 5 account account NN 21781 1226 6 as as IN 21781 1226 7 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1226 8 can can MD 21781 1226 9 of of IN 21781 1226 10 the the DT 21781 1226 11 absorbent absorbent JJ 21781 1226 12 action action NN 21781 1226 13 of of IN 21781 1226 14 a a DT 21781 1226 15 villus villus NN 21781 1226 16 . . . 21781 1227 1 5 5 CD 21781 1227 2 . . . 21781 1228 1 Tabulate tabulate VB 21781 1228 2 the the DT 21781 1228 3 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1228 4 secretions secretion NNS 21781 1228 5 , , , 21781 1228 6 and and CC 21781 1228 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1228 8 action action NN 21781 1228 9 on on IN 21781 1228 10 the the DT 21781 1228 11 food food NN 21781 1228 12 . . . 21781 1229 1 6 6 CD 21781 1229 2 . . . 21781 1230 1 What what WP 21781 1230 2 is be VBZ 21781 1230 3 botryoidal botryoidal JJ 21781 1230 4 tissue tissue NN 21781 1230 5 ? ? . 21781 1231 1 Where where WRB 21781 1231 2 does do VBZ 21781 1231 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1231 4 occur occur VB 21781 1231 5 ? ? . 21781 1232 1 What what WP 21781 1232 2 is be VBZ 21781 1232 3 known know VBN 21781 1232 4 of of IN 21781 1232 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1232 6 functions function NNS 21781 1232 7 ? ? . 21781 1233 1 7 7 LS 21781 1233 2 . . . 21781 1234 1 Copy Copy NNP 21781 1234 2 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 1234 3 I. i. NN 21781 1235 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1235 2 enlarged enlarged NNP 21781 1235 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1235 4 , , , 21781 1235 5 and and CC 21781 1235 6 insert insert VB 21781 1235 7 upon upon IN 21781 1235 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1235 9 the the DT 21781 1235 10 visceral visceral JJ 21781 1235 11 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1235 12 as as RB 21781 1235 13 far far RB 21781 1235 14 as as IN 21781 1235 15 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1235 16 can can MD 21781 1235 17 . . . 21781 1236 1 8 8 LS 21781 1236 2 . . . 21781 1237 1 What what WP 21781 1237 2 are be VBP 21781 1237 3 the the DT 21781 1237 4 most most RBS 21781 1237 5 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 1237 6 points point NNS 21781 1237 7 in in IN 21781 1237 8 the the DT 21781 1237 9 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1237 10 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1237 11 column column NN 21781 1237 12 ? ? . 21781 1238 1 9 9 CD 21781 1238 2 . . . 21781 1239 1 Describe describe JJ 21781 1239 2 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1239 3 and and CC 21781 1239 4 bone bone NN 21781 1239 5 , , , 21781 1239 6 and and CC 21781 1239 7 compare compare VB 21781 1239 8 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1239 9 with with IN 21781 1239 10 one one CD 21781 1239 11 another another DT 21781 1239 12 . . . 21781 1240 1 10 10 CD 21781 1240 2 . . . 21781 1241 1 Give give VB 21781 1241 2 an an DT 21781 1241 3 account account NN 21781 1241 4 of of IN 21781 1241 5 the the DT 21781 1241 6 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 1241 7 , , , 21781 1241 8 and and CC 21781 1241 9 compare compare VB 21781 1241 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1241 11 with with IN 21781 1241 12 a a DT 21781 1241 13 typical typical JJ 21781 1241 14 tissue tissue NN 21781 1241 15 cell cell NN 21781 1241 16 in in IN 21781 1241 17 a a DT 21781 1241 18 metazoon metazoon NN 21781 1241 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1241 20 e.g. e.g. RB 21781 1241 21 , , , 21781 1241 22 the the DT 21781 1241 23 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1241 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1241 25 . . . 21781 1242 1 11 11 CD 21781 1242 2 . . . 21781 1243 1 Give give VB 21781 1243 2 a a DT 21781 1243 3 general general JJ 21781 1243 4 account account NN 21781 1243 5 of of IN 21781 1243 6 connective connective JJ 21781 1243 7 tissue tissue NN 21781 1243 8 . . . 21781 1244 1 What what WP 21781 1244 2 is be VBZ 21781 1244 3 tendon tendon JJ 21781 1244 4 ? ? . 21781 1245 1 12 12 CD 21781 1245 2 . . . 21781 1246 1 Trace trace NN 21781 1246 2 , , , 21781 1246 3 briefly briefly RB 21781 1246 4 , , , 21781 1246 5 the the DT 21781 1246 6 increased increase VBN 21781 1246 7 modification modification NN 21781 1246 8 of of IN 21781 1246 9 tissues tissue NNS 21781 1246 10 in in IN 21781 1246 11 the the DT 21781 1246 12 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1246 13 . . . 21781 1247 1 13 13 CD 21781 1247 2 . . . 21781 1248 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1248 2 , , , 21781 1248 3 with with IN 21781 1248 4 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1248 5 , , , 21781 1248 6 the the DT 21781 1248 7 structure structure NN 21781 1248 8 of of IN 21781 1248 9 blood blood NN 21781 1248 10 . . . 21781 1249 1 State state NN 21781 1249 2 the the DT 21781 1249 3 function function NN 21781 1249 4 of of IN 21781 1249 5 each each DT 21781 1249 6 factor factor NN 21781 1249 7 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1249 8 describe describe VBP 21781 1249 9 . . . 21781 1250 1 14 14 CD 21781 1250 2 . . . 21781 1251 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1251 2 the the DT 21781 1251 3 pectoral pectoral NN 21781 1251 4 with with IN 21781 1251 5 the the DT 21781 1251 6 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1251 7 limb limb NN 21781 1251 8 and and CC 21781 1251 9 girdle girdle NNP 21781 1251 10 . . . 21781 1252 1 What what WDT 21781 1252 2 other other JJ 21781 1252 3 structures structure NNS 21781 1252 4 of of IN 21781 1252 5 the the DT 21781 1252 6 adult adult NN 21781 1252 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1252 8 display display NN 21781 1252 9 a a DT 21781 1252 10 similar similar JJ 21781 1252 11 repetition repetition NN 21781 1252 12 of of IN 21781 1252 13 similar similar JJ 21781 1252 14 parts part NNS 21781 1252 15 ? ? . 21781 1253 1 15 15 CD 21781 1253 2 . . . 21781 1254 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1254 2 from from IN 21781 1254 3 memory memory NN 21781 1254 4 typical typical JJ 21781 1254 5 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1254 6 from from IN 21781 1254 7 each each DT 21781 1254 8 region region NN 21781 1254 9 of of IN 21781 1254 10 the the DT 21781 1254 11 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1254 12 column column NN 21781 1254 13 . . . 21781 1255 1 16 16 CD 21781 1255 2 . . . 21781 1256 1 What what WP 21781 1256 2 are be VBP 21781 1256 3 bilateral bilateral JJ 21781 1256 4 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 1256 5 and and CC 21781 1256 6 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1256 7 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1256 8 ? ? . 21781 1257 1 17 17 CD 21781 1257 2 . . . 21781 1258 1 Give give VB 21781 1258 2 a a DT 21781 1258 3 schedule schedule NN 21781 1258 4 of of IN 21781 1258 5 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 1258 6 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1258 7 features feature NNS 21781 1258 8 . . . 21781 1259 1 18 18 CD 21781 1259 2 . . . 21781 1260 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1260 2 the the DT 21781 1260 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1260 4 's 's POS 21781 1260 5 brain brain NN 21781 1260 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1260 7 with with IN 21781 1260 8 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1260 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1260 10 . . . 21781 1261 1 19 19 CD 21781 1261 2 . . . 21781 1262 1 Give give VB 21781 1262 2 a a DT 21781 1262 3 list list NN 21781 1262 4 of of IN 21781 1262 5 the the DT 21781 1262 6 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1262 7 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1262 8 of of IN 21781 1262 9 the the DT 21781 1262 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1262 11 , , , 21781 1262 12 and and CC 21781 1262 13 note note VB 21781 1262 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1262 15 origin origin NN 21781 1262 16 in in IN 21781 1262 17 the the DT 21781 1262 18 brain brain NN 21781 1262 19 . . . 21781 1263 1 20 20 CD 21781 1263 2 . . . 21781 1264 1 Give give VB 21781 1264 2 a a DT 21781 1264 3 list list NN 21781 1264 4 of of IN 21781 1264 5 the the DT 21781 1264 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1264 7 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1264 8 of of IN 21781 1264 9 the the DT 21781 1264 10 dog dog NN 21781 1264 11 's 's POS 21781 1264 12 skull skull NN 21781 1264 13 . . . 21781 1265 1 21 21 CD 21781 1265 2 . . . 21781 1266 1 What what WP 21781 1266 2 are be VBP 21781 1266 3 the the DT 21781 1266 4 chief chief JJ 21781 1266 5 anatomical anatomical JJ 21781 1266 6 differences difference NNS 21781 1266 7 between between IN 21781 1266 8 a a DT 21781 1266 9 typical typical JJ 21781 1266 10 cranial cranial NN 21781 1266 11 , , , 21781 1266 12 a a DT 21781 1266 13 spinal spinal NN 21781 1266 14 , , , 21781 1266 15 and and CC 21781 1266 16 a a DT 21781 1266 17 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1266 18 nerve nerve NN 21781 1266 19 ? ? . 21781 1267 1 22 22 CD 21781 1267 2 . . . 21781 1268 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1268 2 and and CC 21781 1268 3 figure figure VB 21781 1268 4 the the DT 21781 1268 5 distribution distribution NN 21781 1268 6 of of IN 21781 1268 7 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1268 8 V. V. NNP 21781 1268 9 , , , 21781 1268 10 VII VII NNP 21781 1268 11 . . NNP 21781 1268 12 , , , 21781 1268 13 IX IX NNP 21781 1268 14 . . NNP 21781 1268 15 , , , 21781 1268 16 and and CC 21781 1268 17 X. X. NNP 21781 1269 1 23 23 CD 21781 1269 2 . . . 21781 1270 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1270 2 the the DT 21781 1270 3 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1270 4 , , , 21781 1270 5 glands gland NNS 21781 1270 6 , , , 21781 1270 7 and and CC 21781 1270 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1270 9 of of IN 21781 1270 10 the the DT 21781 1270 11 orbit orbit NN 21781 1270 12 of of IN 21781 1270 13 the the DT 21781 1270 14 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1270 15 . . . 21781 1271 1 24 24 CD 21781 1271 2 . . . 21781 1272 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1272 2 , , , 21781 1272 3 with with IN 21781 1272 4 figures figure NNS 21781 1272 5 , , , 21781 1272 6 the the DT 21781 1272 7 eye eye NN 21781 1272 8 of of IN 21781 1272 9 the the DT 21781 1272 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1272 11 . . . 21781 1273 1 25 25 CD 21781 1273 2 . . . 21781 1274 1 Give give VB 21781 1274 2 a a DT 21781 1274 3 diagram diagram NN 21781 1274 4 of of IN 21781 1274 5 the the DT 21781 1274 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1274 7 's 's POS 21781 1274 8 internal internal JJ 21781 1274 9 ear ear NN 21781 1274 10 . . . 21781 1275 1 26 26 CD 21781 1275 2 . . . 21781 1276 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1276 2 and and CC 21781 1276 3 describe describe VB 21781 1276 4 the the DT 21781 1276 5 ear ear NN 21781 1276 6 ossicles ossicle NNS 21781 1276 7 . . . 21781 1277 1 What what WP 21781 1277 2 is be VBZ 21781 1277 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1277 4 function function NN 21781 1277 5 ? ? . 21781 1278 1 27 27 CD 21781 1278 2 . . . 21781 1279 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1279 2 and and CC 21781 1279 3 state state VB 21781 1279 4 the the DT 21781 1279 5 precise precise JJ 21781 1279 6 position position NN 21781 1279 7 of of IN 21781 1279 8 the the DT 21781 1279 9 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1279 10 bone bone NN 21781 1279 11 , , , 21781 1279 12 the the DT 21781 1279 13 clavicle clavicle NNP 21781 1279 14 , , , 21781 1279 15 the the DT 21781 1279 16 calcaneum calcaneum NN 21781 1279 17 , , , 21781 1279 18 and and CC 21781 1279 19 the the DT 21781 1279 20 olecranon olecranon JJ 21781 1279 21 process process NN 21781 1279 22 . . . 21781 1280 1 28 28 CD 21781 1280 2 . . . 21781 1281 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1281 2 , , , 21781 1281 3 as as RB 21781 1281 4 accurately accurately RB 21781 1281 5 as as IN 21781 1281 6 possible possible JJ 21781 1281 7 , , , 21781 1281 8 the the DT 21781 1281 9 position position NN 21781 1281 10 of of IN 21781 1281 11 palatine palatine JJ 21781 1281 12 bones bone NNS 21781 1281 13 , , , 21781 1281 14 pterygoids pterygoid NNS 21781 1281 15 , , , 21781 1281 16 the the DT 21781 1281 17 ethmoid ethmoid JJ 21781 1281 18 bone bone NN 21781 1281 19 , , , 21781 1281 20 the the DT 21781 1281 21 pre- pre- NN 21781 1281 22 and and CC 21781 1281 23 basi basi NN 21781 1281 24 - - HYPH 21781 1281 25 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 1281 26 , , , 21781 1281 27 in in IN 21781 1281 28 the the DT 21781 1281 29 dog dog NN 21781 1281 30 's 's POS 21781 1281 31 skull skull NN 21781 1281 32 . . . 21781 1282 1 29 29 CD 21781 1282 2 . . . 21781 1283 1 What what WP 21781 1283 2 is be VBZ 21781 1283 3 membrane membrane NN 21781 1283 4 bone bone NN 21781 1283 5 ? ? . 21781 1284 1 What what WP 21781 1284 2 is be VBZ 21781 1284 3 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1284 4 bone bone NN 21781 1284 5 ? ? . 21781 1285 1 Discuss discuss VB 21781 1285 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1285 3 mutual mutual JJ 21781 1285 4 relationship relationship NN 21781 1285 5 . . . 21781 1286 1 30 30 CD 21781 1286 2 . . . 21781 1287 1 What what WP 21781 1287 2 is be VBZ 21781 1287 3 an an DT 21781 1287 4 excretion excretion NN 21781 1287 5 ? ? . 21781 1288 1 What what WP 21781 1288 2 are be VBP 21781 1288 3 the the DT 21781 1288 4 chief chief JJ 21781 1288 5 excretory excretory JJ 21781 1288 6 products product NNS 21781 1288 7 of of IN 21781 1288 8 an an DT 21781 1288 9 animal animal NN 21781 1288 10 ? ? . 21781 1289 1 How how WRB 21781 1289 2 are be VBP 21781 1289 3 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1289 4 removed remove VBN 21781 1289 5 ? ? . 21781 1290 1 31 31 CD 21781 1290 2 . . . 21781 1291 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1291 2 the the DT 21781 1291 3 minute minute JJ 21781 1291 4 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1291 5 of of IN 21781 1291 6 the the DT 21781 1291 7 liver liver NN 21781 1291 8 . . . 21781 1292 1 Give give VB 21781 1292 2 a a DT 21781 1292 3 general general JJ 21781 1292 4 account account NN 21781 1292 5 of of IN 21781 1292 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1292 7 functions function NNS 21781 1292 8 . . . 21781 1293 1 32 32 CD 21781 1293 2 . . . 21781 1294 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1294 2 the the DT 21781 1294 3 minute minute JJ 21781 1294 4 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1294 5 of of IN 21781 1294 6 the the DT 21781 1294 7 kidney kidney NN 21781 1294 8 , , , 21781 1294 9 and and CC 21781 1294 10 the the DT 21781 1294 11 functions function NNS 21781 1294 12 of of IN 21781 1294 13 the the DT 21781 1294 14 several several JJ 21781 1294 15 parts part NNS 21781 1294 16 . . . 21781 1295 1 33 33 CD 21781 1295 2 . . . 21781 1296 1 What what WP 21781 1296 2 is be VBZ 21781 1296 3 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 1296 4 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 1296 5 ? ? . 21781 1297 1 Where where WRB 21781 1297 2 does do VBZ 21781 1297 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1297 4 occur occur VB 21781 1297 5 in in IN 21781 1297 6 the the DT 21781 1297 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1297 8 ? ? . 21781 1298 1 34 34 CD 21781 1298 2 . . . 21781 1299 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1299 2 the the DT 21781 1299 3 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 1299 4 of of IN 21781 1299 5 respiration respiration NN 21781 1299 6 . . . 21781 1300 1 What what WP 21781 1300 2 is be VBZ 21781 1300 3 the the DT 21781 1300 4 relation relation NN 21781 1300 5 of of IN 21781 1300 6 respiration respiration NN 21781 1300 7 to to IN 21781 1300 8 the the DT 21781 1300 9 general general JJ 21781 1300 10 life life NN 21781 1300 11 of of IN 21781 1300 12 the the DT 21781 1300 13 animal animal NN 21781 1300 14 ? ? . 21781 1301 1 35 35 CD 21781 1301 2 . . . 21781 1302 1 What what WP 21781 1302 2 are be VBP 21781 1302 3 the the DT 21781 1302 4 functions function NNS 21781 1302 5 of of IN 21781 1302 6 the the DT 21781 1302 7 skin skin NN 21781 1302 8 ? ? . 21781 1303 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1303 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1303 3 structure structure NN 21781 1303 4 . . . 21781 1304 1 36 36 CD 21781 1304 2 . . . 21781 1305 1 What what WP 21781 1305 2 is be VBZ 21781 1305 3 a a DT 21781 1305 4 secretion secretion NN 21781 1305 5 ? ? . 21781 1306 1 Tabulate tabulate VB 21781 1306 2 and and CC 21781 1306 3 classify classify VB 21781 1306 4 secretary secretary NN 21781 1306 5 organs organ NNS 21781 1306 6 . . . 21781 1307 1 What what WP 21781 1307 2 is be VBZ 21781 1307 3 a a DT 21781 1307 4 goblet goblet NN 21781 1307 5 cell cell NN 21781 1307 6 ? ? . 21781 1308 1 37 37 CD 21781 1308 2 . . . 21781 1309 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1309 2 , , , 21781 1309 3 from from IN 21781 1309 4 memory memory NN 21781 1309 5 , , , 21781 1309 6 the the DT 21781 1309 7 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1309 8 and and CC 21781 1309 9 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1309 10 aspects aspect NNS 21781 1309 11 of of IN 21781 1309 12 , , , 21781 1309 13 and and CC 21781 1309 14 a a DT 21781 1309 15 median median JJ 21781 1309 16 section section NN 21781 1309 17 through through IN 21781 1309 18 , , , 21781 1309 19 a a DT 21781 1309 20 dog dog NN 21781 1309 21 's 's POS 21781 1309 22 skull skull NN 21781 1309 23 . . . 21781 1310 1 38 38 CD 21781 1310 2 . . . 21781 1311 1 Name name VB 21781 1311 2 any any DT 21781 1311 3 structures structure NNS 21781 1311 4 that that WDT 21781 1311 5 appear appear VBP 21781 1311 6 to to IN 21781 1311 7 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1311 8 to to TO 21781 1311 9 be be VB 21781 1311 10 vestiges vestige NNS 21781 1311 11 or or CC 21781 1311 12 rudiments rudiment NNS 21781 1311 13 , , , 21781 1311 14 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 1311 15 , , , 21781 1311 16 structures structure NNS 21781 1311 17 without without IN 21781 1311 18 adequate adequate JJ 21781 1311 19 physiological physiological JJ 21781 1311 20 reason reason NN 21781 1311 21 , , , 21781 1311 22 in in IN 21781 1311 23 the the DT 21781 1311 24 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1311 25 's 's POS 21781 1311 26 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1311 27 . . . 21781 1312 1 39 39 CD 21781 1312 2 . . . 21781 1313 1 How how WRB 21781 1313 2 are be VBP 21781 1313 3 such such JJ 21781 1313 4 structures structure NNS 21781 1313 5 interpreted interpret VBN 21781 1313 6 ? ? . 21781 1314 1 40 40 CD 21781 1314 2 . . . 21781 1315 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1315 2 the the DT 21781 1315 3 structure structure NN 21781 1315 4 of of IN 21781 1315 5 striated striate VBN 21781 1315 6 muscular muscular JJ 21781 1315 7 fibre fibre NN 21781 1315 8 . . . 21781 1316 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1316 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1316 3 functions function NNS 21781 1316 4 , , , 21781 1316 5 and and CC 21781 1316 6 the the DT 21781 1316 7 various various JJ 21781 1316 8 means mean NNS 21781 1316 9 by by IN 21781 1316 10 which which WDT 21781 1316 11 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1316 12 may may MD 21781 1316 13 be be VB 21781 1316 14 called call VBN 21781 1316 15 into into IN 21781 1316 16 activity activity NN 21781 1316 17 . . . 21781 1317 1 41 41 CD 21781 1317 2 . . . 21781 1318 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1318 2 the the DT 21781 1318 3 characters character NNS 21781 1318 4 and and CC 21781 1318 5 structure structure NN 21781 1318 6 of of IN 21781 1318 7 the the DT 21781 1318 8 blood blood NN 21781 1318 9 of of IN 21781 1318 10 the the DT 21781 1318 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1318 12 . . . 21781 1319 1 What what WP 21781 1319 2 is be VBZ 21781 1319 3 the the DT 21781 1319 4 lymphatic lymphatic JJ 21781 1319 5 system system NN 21781 1319 6 ? ? . 21781 1320 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1320 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1320 3 relation relation NN 21781 1320 4 to to IN 21781 1320 5 the the DT 21781 1320 6 blood blood NN 21781 1320 7 system system NN 21781 1320 8 in in IN 21781 1320 9 a a DT 21781 1320 10 mammal mammal NN 21781 1320 11 . . . 21781 1321 1 42 42 CD 21781 1321 2 . . . 21781 1322 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1322 2 the the DT 21781 1322 3 structure structure NN 21781 1322 4 of of IN 21781 1322 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1322 6 a a DT 21781 1322 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1322 8 blood blood NN 21781 1322 9 , , , 21781 1322 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1322 11 b b NN 21781 1322 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1322 13 hyaline hyaline NN 21781 1322 14 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1322 15 , , , 21781 1322 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1322 17 c c NN 21781 1322 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1322 19 bone bone NN 21781 1322 20 , , , 21781 1322 21 in in IN 21781 1322 22 the the DT 21781 1322 23 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1322 24 ; ; , 21781 1322 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1322 26 d d NN 21781 1322 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1322 28 point point VBP 21781 1322 29 out out RP 21781 1322 30 the the DT 21781 1322 31 most most RBS 21781 1322 32 important important JJ 21781 1322 33 resemblances resemblance NNS 21781 1322 34 and and CC 21781 1322 35 differences difference NNS 21781 1322 36 between between IN 21781 1322 37 these these DT 21781 1322 38 tissues tissue NNS 21781 1322 39 ; ; : 21781 1322 40 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1322 41 e e LS 21781 1322 42 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1322 43 state state NN 21781 1322 44 what what WP 21781 1322 45 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1322 46 know know VBP 21781 1322 47 of of IN 21781 1322 48 the the DT 21781 1322 49 development development NN 21781 1322 50 of of IN 21781 1322 51 the the DT 21781 1322 52 same same JJ 21781 1322 53 tissues tissue NNS 21781 1322 54 . . . 21781 1323 1 43 43 CD 21781 1323 2 . . . 21781 1324 1 Draw draw NN 21781 1324 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1324 3 , , , 21781 1324 4 with with IN 21781 1324 5 the the DT 21781 1324 6 parts part NNS 21781 1324 7 named name VBN 21781 1324 8 , , , 21781 1324 9 of of IN 21781 1324 10 the the DT 21781 1324 11 male male JJ 21781 1324 12 and and CC 21781 1324 13 female female JJ 21781 1324 14 generative generative JJ 21781 1324 15 organs organ NNS 21781 1324 16 of of IN 21781 1324 17 the the DT 21781 1324 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1324 19 . . . 21781 1325 1 44 44 CD 21781 1325 2 . . . 21781 1326 1 In in IN 21781 1326 2 the the DT 21781 1326 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1326 4 provided provide VBN 21781 1326 5 dissect dissect NN 21781 1326 6 on on IN 21781 1326 7 one one CD 21781 1326 8 side side NN 21781 1326 9 and and CC 21781 1326 10 demonstrate demonstrate NN 21781 1326 11 by by IN 21781 1326 12 means mean NNS 21781 1326 13 of of IN 21781 1326 14 flag flag NN 21781 1326 15 - - HYPH 21781 1326 16 labels label VBZ 21781 1326 17 the the DT 21781 1326 18 main main JJ 21781 1326 19 trunk trunk NN 21781 1326 20 of of IN 21781 1326 21 the the DT 21781 1326 22 vagus vagus NNP 21781 1326 23 nerve nerve NN 21781 1326 24 , , , 21781 1326 25 the the DT 21781 1326 26 phrenic phrenic JJ 21781 1326 27 nerve nerve NN 21781 1326 28 , , , 21781 1326 29 and and CC 21781 1326 30 the the DT 21781 1326 31 recurrent recurrent JJ 21781 1326 32 laryngeal laryngeal NN 21781 1326 33 nerve nerve NN 21781 1326 34 . . . 21781 1327 1 45 45 CD 21781 1327 2 . . . 21781 1328 1 Dissect dissect VB 21781 1328 2 the the DT 21781 1328 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1328 4 provided provide VBN 21781 1328 5 so so IN 21781 1328 6 as as IN 21781 1328 7 to to TO 21781 1328 8 expose expose VB 21781 1328 9 the the DT 21781 1328 10 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 1328 11 viscera viscera NN 21781 1328 12 . . . 21781 1329 1 Mark mark VB 21781 1329 2 with with IN 21781 1329 3 flag flag NN 21781 1329 4 - - HYPH 21781 1329 5 labels label VBZ 21781 1329 6 the the DT 21781 1329 7 duct duct NN 21781 1329 8 of of IN 21781 1329 9 the the DT 21781 1329 10 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 1329 11 , , , 21781 1329 12 the the DT 21781 1329 13 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1329 14 , , , 21781 1329 15 and and CC 21781 1329 16 the the DT 21781 1329 17 oviducts oviduct NNS 21781 1329 18 or or CC 21781 1329 19 the the DT 21781 1329 20 sperm sperm JJ 21781 1329 21 ducts duct NNS 21781 1329 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1329 23 as as IN 21781 1329 24 the the DT 21781 1329 25 case case NN 21781 1329 26 may may MD 21781 1329 27 be be VB 21781 1329 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1329 29 . . . 21781 1330 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1330 2 Many many JJ 21781 1330 3 of of IN 21781 1330 4 the the DT 21781 1330 5 above above JJ 21781 1330 6 questions question NNS 21781 1330 7 were be VBD 21781 1330 8 actually actually RB 21781 1330 9 set set VBN 21781 1330 10 at at IN 21781 1330 11 London London NNP 21781 1330 12 University University NNP 21781 1330 13 Examinations Examinations NNPS 21781 1330 14 in in IN 21781 1330 15 Biology Biology NNP 21781 1330 16 . . . 21781 1330 17 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1331 1 { { -LRB- 21781 1331 2 In in IN 21781 1331 3 Both both DT 21781 1331 4 Editions Editions NNPS 21781 1331 5 . . . 21781 1331 6 } } -RRB- 21781 1332 1 -The -The NFP 21781 1332 2 Frog Frog NNP 21781 1332 3 _ _ NNP 21781 1332 4 1 1 CD 21781 1332 5 . . . 21781 1333 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1333 2 General General NNP 21781 1333 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 1333 4 _ _ NNP 21781 1333 5 Section Section NNP 21781 1333 6 1 1 CD 21781 1333 7 . . . 21781 1334 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1334 2 will will MD 21781 1334 3 now now RB 21781 1334 4 study study VB 21781 1334 5 the the DT 21781 1334 6 adult adult NN 21781 1334 7 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1334 8 of of IN 21781 1334 9 the the DT 21781 1334 10 frog frog NN 21781 1334 11 , , , 21781 1334 12 and and CC 21781 1334 13 throughout throughout IN 21781 1334 14 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1334 15 shall shall MD 21781 1334 16 make make VB 21781 1334 17 constant constant JJ 21781 1334 18 comparisons comparison NNS 21781 1334 19 with with IN 21781 1334 20 that that DT 21781 1334 21 of of IN 21781 1334 22 the the DT 21781 1334 23 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1334 24 . . . 21781 1335 1 In in IN 21781 1335 2 the the DT 21781 1335 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1335 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1335 5 have have VBP 21781 1335 6 a a DT 21781 1335 7 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1335 8 land land NN 21781 1335 9 - - HYPH 21781 1335 10 loving loving NN 21781 1335 11 , , , 21781 1335 12 burrowing burrow VBG 21781 1335 13 animal animal NN 21781 1335 14 ; ; : 21781 1335 15 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1335 16 eats eat VBZ 21781 1335 17 purely purely RB 21781 1335 18 vegetable vegetable VBP 21781 1335 19 food food NN 21781 1335 20 , , , 21781 1335 21 and and CC 21781 1335 22 drinks drink NNS 21781 1335 23 but but CC 21781 1335 24 little little JJ 21781 1335 25 . . . 21781 1336 1 In in IN 21781 1336 2 the the DT 21781 1336 3 frog frog NN 21781 1336 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1336 5 have have VBP 21781 1336 6 a a DT 21781 1336 7 mainly mainly RB 21781 1336 8 insectivorous insectivorous JJ 21781 1336 9 type type NN 21781 1336 10 , , , 21781 1336 11 living live VBG 21781 1336 12 much much RB 21781 1336 13 in in IN 21781 1336 14 the the DT 21781 1336 15 water water NN 21781 1336 16 . . . 21781 1337 1 This this DT 21781 1337 2 involves involve VBZ 21781 1337 3 the the DT 21781 1337 4 moister moister NN 21781 1337 5 skin skin NN 21781 1337 6 , , , 21781 1337 7 the the DT 21781 1337 8 shorter shorter RBR 21781 1337 9 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1337 10 canal canal NN 21781 1337 11 , , , 21781 1337 12 and and CC 21781 1337 13 the the DT 21781 1337 14 abbreviated abbreviate VBN 21781 1337 15 neck neck NN 21781 1337 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1337 17 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1337 18 , , , 21781 1337 19 Section Section NNP 21781 1337 20 2 2 CD 21781 1337 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1337 22 of of IN 21781 1337 23 the the DT 21781 1337 24 frog frog NN 21781 1337 25 ; ; : 21781 1337 26 the the DT 21781 1337 27 tail tail NN 21781 1337 28 is be VBZ 21781 1337 29 absent-- absent-- NN 21781 1337 30 in in IN 21781 1337 31 a a DT 21781 1337 32 fish fish NN 21781 1337 33 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1337 34 would would MD 21781 1337 35 do do VB 21781 1337 36 the the DT 21781 1337 37 work work NN 21781 1337 38 the the DT 21781 1337 39 frog frog NN 21781 1337 40 accomplishes accomplish VBZ 21781 1337 41 with with IN 21781 1337 42 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1337 43 hind hind NN 21781 1337 44 legs-- legs-- NN 21781 1337 45 and and CC 21781 1337 46 the the DT 21781 1337 47 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1337 48 which which WDT 21781 1337 49 are be VBP 21781 1337 50 posterior posterior JJ 21781 1337 51 in in IN 21781 1337 52 the the DT 21781 1337 53 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1337 54 , , , 21781 1337 55 run run VB 21781 1337 56 together together RB 21781 1337 57 into into IN 21781 1337 58 one one CD 21781 1337 59 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1337 60 opening opening NN 21781 1337 61 , , , 21781 1337 62 the the DT 21781 1337 63 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1337 64 . . . 21781 1338 1 There there EX 21781 1338 2 is be VBZ 21781 1338 3 , , , 21781 1338 4 of of IN 21781 1338 5 course course NN 21781 1338 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1338 7 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1338 8 , , , 21781 1338 9 Section section NN 21781 1338 10 4 4 CD 21781 1338 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1338 12 , , , 21781 1338 13 no no DT 21781 1338 14 hair hair NN 21781 1338 15 the the DT 21781 1338 16 skin skin NN 21781 1338 17 is be VBZ 21781 1338 18 smooth smooth JJ 21781 1338 19 , , , 21781 1338 20 and and CC 21781 1338 21 an an DT 21781 1338 22 external external JJ 21781 1338 23 ear ear NN 21781 1338 24 is be VBZ 21781 1338 25 also also RB 21781 1338 26 absent absent JJ 21781 1338 27 . . . 21781 1339 1 The the DT 21781 1339 2 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 1339 3 looseness looseness NN 21781 1339 4 of of IN 21781 1339 5 the the DT 21781 1339 6 frog frog NN 21781 1339 7 's 's POS 21781 1339 8 skin skin NN 21781 1339 9 is be VBZ 21781 1339 10 due due JJ 21781 1339 11 to to IN 21781 1339 12 great great JJ 21781 1339 13 lymph lymph NN 21781 1339 14 spaces space NNS 21781 1339 15 between between IN 21781 1339 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1339 17 and and CC 21781 1339 18 the the DT 21781 1339 19 body body NN 21781 1339 20 wall wall NN 21781 1339 21 . . . 21781 1340 1 Section section NN 21781 1340 2 2 2 CD 21781 1340 3 . . . 21781 1341 1 If if IN 21781 1341 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1341 3 now now RB 21781 1341 4 compare compare VBP 21781 1341 5 the the DT 21781 1341 6 general general JJ 21781 1341 7 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1341 8 of of IN 21781 1341 9 the the DT 21781 1341 10 frog frog NN 21781 1341 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1341 12 vide vide NN 21781 1341 13 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1341 14 11 11 CD 21781 1341 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1341 16 with with IN 21781 1341 17 that that DT 21781 1341 18 of of IN 21781 1341 19 the the DT 21781 1341 20 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1341 21 , , , 21781 1341 22 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1341 23 notice notice VBP 21781 1341 24 that that IN 21781 1341 25 the the DT 21781 1341 26 diaphragm diaphragm NN 21781 1341 27 is be VBZ 21781 1341 28 absent absent JJ 21781 1341 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1341 30 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1341 31 , , , 21781 1341 32 Section section NN 21781 1341 33 4 4 CD 21781 1341 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1341 35 , , , 21781 1341 36 and and CC 21781 1341 37 the the DT 21781 1341 38 body body NN 21781 1341 39 cavity cavity NN 21781 1341 40 , , , 21781 1341 41 or or CC 21781 1341 42 coelom coelom NNP 21781 1341 43 , , , 21781 1341 44 is be VBZ 21781 1341 45 , , , 21781 1341 46 with with IN 21781 1341 47 the the DT 21781 1341 48 exception exception NN 21781 1341 49 of of IN 21781 1341 50 the the DT 21781 1341 51 small small JJ 21781 1341 52 bag bag NN 21781 1341 53 of of IN 21781 1341 54 the the DT 21781 1341 55 pericardium pericardium NN 21781 1341 56 round round IN 21781 1341 57 the the DT 21781 1341 58 heart heart NN 21781 1341 59 , , , 21781 1341 60 one one CD 21781 1341 61 continuous continuous JJ 21781 1341 62 space space NN 21781 1341 63 . . . 21781 1342 1 The the DT 21781 1342 2 forked forked JJ 21781 1342 3 tongue tongue NN 21781 1342 4 is be VBZ 21781 1342 5 attached attach VBN 21781 1342 6 in in IN 21781 1342 7 front front NN 21781 1342 8 of of IN 21781 1342 9 the the DT 21781 1342 10 lower low JJR 21781 1342 11 jaw jaw NN 21781 1342 12 , , , 21781 1342 13 and and CC 21781 1342 14 can can MD 21781 1342 15 be be VB 21781 1342 16 flicked flick VBN 21781 1342 17 out out RP 21781 1342 18 and and CC 21781 1342 19 back back RB 21781 1342 20 with with IN 21781 1342 21 great great JJ 21781 1342 22 rapidity rapidity NN 21781 1342 23 in in IN 21781 1342 24 the the DT 21781 1342 25 capture capture NN 21781 1342 26 of of IN 21781 1342 27 the the DT 21781 1342 28 small small JJ 21781 1342 29 insects insect NNS 21781 1342 30 upon upon IN 21781 1342 31 which which WDT 21781 1342 32 the the DT 21781 1342 33 frog frog NN 21781 1342 34 lives live VBZ 21781 1342 35 . . . 21781 1343 1 The the DT 21781 1343 2 posterior posterior NN 21781 1343 3 nares nare VBZ 21781 1343 4 open open JJ 21781 1343 5 into into IN 21781 1343 6 the the DT 21781 1343 7 front front NN 21781 1343 8 of of IN 21781 1343 9 the the DT 21781 1343 10 mouth-- mouth-- NN 21781 1343 11 there there EX 21781 1343 12 is be VBZ 21781 1343 13 no no DT 21781 1343 14 long long JJ 21781 1343 15 nasal nasal NN 21781 1343 16 chamber chamber NN 21781 1343 17 , , , 21781 1343 18 and and CC 21781 1343 19 no no DT 21781 1343 20 palate palate NN 21781 1343 21 , , , 21781 1343 22 and and CC 21781 1343 23 there there EX 21781 1343 24 is be VBZ 21781 1343 25 no no DT 21781 1343 26 long long JJ 21781 1343 27 trachea trachea NN 21781 1343 28 between between IN 21781 1343 29 the the DT 21781 1343 30 epiglottis epiglottis NN 21781 1343 31 and and CC 21781 1343 32 the the DT 21781 1343 33 lungs lung NNS 21781 1343 34 . . . 21781 1344 1 The the DT 21781 1344 2 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1344 3 is be VBZ 21781 1344 4 less less RBR 21781 1344 5 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1344 6 , , , 21781 1344 7 and and CC 21781 1344 8 passes pass VBZ 21781 1344 9 gradually gradually RB 21781 1344 10 , , , 21781 1344 11 so so RB 21781 1344 12 far far RB 21781 1344 13 as as IN 21781 1344 14 external external JJ 21781 1344 15 appearances appearance NNS 21781 1344 16 go go VBP 21781 1344 17 , , , 21781 1344 18 into into IN 21781 1344 19 the the DT 21781 1344 20 bag bag NN 21781 1344 21 - - HYPH 21781 1344 22 like like JJ 21781 1344 23 stomach stomach NN 21781 1344 24 , , , 21781 1344 25 which which WDT 21781 1344 26 is be VBZ 21781 1344 27 much much RB 21781 1344 28 less less RBR 21781 1344 29 inflated inflated JJ 21781 1344 30 and and CC 21781 1344 31 transverse transverse JJR 21781 1344 32 than than IN 21781 1344 33 that that DT 21781 1344 34 of of IN 21781 1344 35 the the DT 21781 1344 36 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1344 37 . . . 21781 1345 1 The the DT 21781 1345 2 duodenum duodenum NN 21781 1345 3 is be VBZ 21781 1345 4 not not RB 21781 1345 5 a a DT 21781 1345 6 U U NNP 21781 1345 7 - - HYPH 21781 1345 8 shaped shaped JJ 21781 1345 9 loop loop NN 21781 1345 10 , , , 21781 1345 11 but but CC 21781 1345 12 makes make VBZ 21781 1345 13 one one CD 21781 1345 14 together together RB 21781 1345 15 with with IN 21781 1345 16 the the DT 21781 1345 17 stomach stomach NN 21781 1345 18 ; ; : 21781 1345 19 the the DT 21781 1345 20 pancreas pancreas NN 21781 1345 21 lies lie VBZ 21781 1345 22 between between IN 21781 1345 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1345 24 and and CC 21781 1345 25 the the DT 21781 1345 26 stomach stomach NN 21781 1345 27 , , , 21781 1345 28 and and CC 21781 1345 29 is be VBZ 21781 1345 30 more more RBR 21781 1345 31 compact compact JJ 21781 1345 32 than than IN 21781 1345 33 the the DT 21781 1345 34 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1345 35 's 's POS 21781 1345 36 . . . 21781 1346 1 There there EX 21781 1346 2 is be VBZ 21781 1346 3 no no DT 21781 1346 4 separate separate JJ 21781 1346 5 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 1346 6 duct duct NN 21781 1346 7 , , , 21781 1346 8 but but CC 21781 1346 9 the the DT 21781 1346 10 bile bile NN 21781 1346 11 duct duct NN 21781 1346 12 runs run VBZ 21781 1346 13 through through IN 21781 1346 14 the the DT 21781 1346 15 pancreas pancreas NN 21781 1346 16 , , , 21781 1346 17 and and CC 21781 1346 18 receives receive VBZ 21781 1346 19 a a DT 21781 1346 20 series series NN 21781 1346 21 of of IN 21781 1346 22 ducts duct NNS 21781 1346 23 from from IN 21781 1346 24 that that DT 21781 1346 25 gland gland NN 21781 1346 26 as as IN 21781 1346 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1346 28 does do VBZ 21781 1346 29 so so RB 21781 1346 30 . . . 21781 1347 1 The the DT 21781 1347 2 ileum ileum NN 21781 1347 3 is be VBZ 21781 1347 4 shorter short JJR 21781 1347 5 , , , 21781 1347 6 there there EX 21781 1347 7 is be VBZ 21781 1347 8 no no DT 21781 1347 9 sacculus sacculus NN 21781 1347 10 rotundus rotundus NN 21781 1347 11 , , , 21781 1347 12 and and CC 21781 1347 13 the the DT 21781 1347 14 large large JJ 21781 1347 15 intestine intestine NN 21781 1347 16 has have VBZ 21781 1347 17 no no DT 21781 1347 18 caecum caecum NN 21781 1347 19 , , , 21781 1347 20 none none NN 21781 1347 21 of of IN 21781 1347 22 the the DT 21781 1347 23 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 1347 24 sacculations sacculation NNS 21781 1347 25 of of IN 21781 1347 26 the the DT 21781 1347 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1347 28 's 's POS 21781 1347 29 colon colon NN 21781 1347 30 , , , 21781 1347 31 and and CC 21781 1347 32 does do VBZ 21781 1347 33 not not RB 21781 1347 34 loop loop VB 21781 1347 35 back back RB 21781 1347 36 to to IN 21781 1347 37 the the DT 21781 1347 38 stomach stomach NN 21781 1347 39 before before IN 21781 1347 40 the the DT 21781 1347 41 rectum rectum NN 21781 1347 42 section section NN 21781 1347 43 commences commence VBZ 21781 1347 44 . . . 21781 1348 1 The the DT 21781 1348 2 anus anus NN 21781 1348 3 opens open VBZ 21781 1348 4 not not RB 21781 1348 5 upon upon IN 21781 1348 6 the the DT 21781 1348 7 exterior exterior NN 21781 1348 8 , , , 21781 1348 9 but but CC 21781 1348 10 into into IN 21781 1348 11 a a DT 21781 1348 12 cloacal cloacal JJ 21781 1348 13 chamber chamber NN 21781 1348 14 . . . 21781 1349 1 The the DT 21781 1349 2 urinary urinary JJ 21781 1349 3 and and CC 21781 1349 4 genital genital JJ 21781 1349 5 ducts duct NNS 21781 1349 6 open open VBP 21781 1349 7 separately separately RB 21781 1349 8 into into IN 21781 1349 9 this this DT 21781 1349 10 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1349 11 , , , 21781 1349 12 and and CC 21781 1349 13 dorsally dorsally RB 21781 1349 14 and and CC 21781 1349 15 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1349 16 to to IN 21781 1349 17 the the DT 21781 1349 18 anus anus NN 21781 1349 19 . . . 21781 1350 1 The the DT 21781 1350 2 so so RB 21781 1350 3 - - HYPH 21781 1350 4 called call VBN 21781 1350 5 urinary urinary JJ 21781 1350 6 bladder bladder NN 21781 1350 7 is be VBZ 21781 1350 8 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1350 9 to to IN 21781 1350 10 the the DT 21781 1350 11 intestine intestine NN 21781 1350 12 , , , 21781 1350 13 in in IN 21781 1350 14 a a DT 21781 1350 15 position position NN 21781 1350 16 answering answer VBG 21781 1350 17 to to IN 21781 1350 18 that that DT 21781 1350 19 of of IN 21781 1350 20 the the DT 21781 1350 21 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1350 22 , , , 21781 1350 23 but but CC 21781 1350 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1350 25 has have VBZ 21781 1350 26 no no DT 21781 1350 27 connection connection NN 21781 1350 28 with with IN 21781 1350 29 the the DT 21781 1350 30 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1350 31 , , , 21781 1350 32 and and CC 21781 1350 33 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1350 34 is be VBZ 21781 1350 35 two two CD 21781 1350 36 - - HYPH 21781 1350 37 horned horned JJ 21781 1350 38 . . . 21781 1351 1 Section section NN 21781 1351 2 3 3 CD 21781 1351 3 . . . 21781 1352 1 The the DT 21781 1352 2 spleen spleen NN 21781 1352 3 is be VBZ 21781 1352 4 a a DT 21781 1352 5 small small JJ 21781 1352 6 , , , 21781 1352 7 round round JJ 21781 1352 8 body body NN 21781 1352 9 , , , 21781 1352 10 not not RB 21781 1352 11 so so RB 21781 1352 12 intimately intimately RB 21781 1352 13 bound bind VBN 21781 1352 14 to to IN 21781 1352 15 the the DT 21781 1352 16 stomach stomach NN 21781 1352 17 as as IN 21781 1352 18 in in IN 21781 1352 19 the the DT 21781 1352 20 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1352 21 , , , 21781 1352 22 but but CC 21781 1352 23 in in IN 21781 1352 24 essentially essentially RB 21781 1352 25 the the DT 21781 1352 26 same same JJ 21781 1352 27 position position NN 21781 1352 28 . . . 21781 1353 1 Section section NN 21781 1353 2 4 4 CD 21781 1353 3 . . . 21781 1354 1 Much much JJ 21781 1354 2 that that IN 21781 1354 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1354 4 knew know VBD 21781 1354 5 of of IN 21781 1354 6 the the DT 21781 1354 7 physiology physiology NN 21781 1354 8 of of IN 21781 1354 9 the the DT 21781 1354 10 frog frog NN 21781 1354 11 is be VBZ 21781 1354 12 arrived arrive VBN 21781 1354 13 at at IN 21781 1354 14 mainly mainly RB 21781 1354 15 by by IN 21781 1354 16 inferences inference NNS 21781 1354 17 from from IN 21781 1354 18 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1354 19 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1354 20 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 1354 21 . . . 21781 1355 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1355 2 histology histology NN 21781 1355 3 is be VBZ 21781 1355 4 essentially essentially RB 21781 1355 5 similar similar JJ 21781 1355 6 . . . 21781 1356 1 Ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 1356 2 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 1356 3 is be VBZ 21781 1356 4 commoner commoner JJ 21781 1356 5 and and CC 21781 1356 6 occurs occur VBZ 21781 1356 7 more more RBR 21781 1356 8 abundantly abundantly RB 21781 1356 9 than than IN 21781 1356 10 in in IN 21781 1356 11 the the DT 21781 1356 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1356 13 , , , 21781 1356 14 in in IN 21781 1356 15 the the DT 21781 1356 16 roof roof NN 21781 1356 17 of of IN 21781 1356 18 the the DT 21781 1356 19 mouth mouth NN 21781 1356 20 for for IN 21781 1356 21 instance instance NN 21781 1356 22 , , , 21781 1356 23 and and CC 21781 1356 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1356 25 red red JJ 21781 1356 26 blood blood NN 21781 1356 27 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 1356 28 are be VBP 21781 1356 29 much much RB 21781 1356 30 larger large JJR 21781 1356 31 , , , 21781 1356 32 oval oval NN 21781 1356 33 , , , 21781 1356 34 and and CC 21781 1356 35 nucleated nucleate VBD 21781 1356 36 . . . 21781 1357 1 Section section NN 21781 1357 2 5 5 CD 21781 1357 3 . . . 21781 1358 1 The the DT 21781 1358 2 lungs lung NNS 21781 1358 3 of of IN 21781 1358 4 the the DT 21781 1358 5 frog frog NN 21781 1358 6 are be VBP 21781 1358 7 bag bag NN 21781 1358 8 - - HYPH 21781 1358 9 like like JJ 21781 1358 10 ; ; : 21781 1358 11 shelves shelf NNS 21781 1358 12 and and CC 21781 1358 13 spongy spongy VB 21781 1358 14 partitions partition NNS 21781 1358 15 project project NN 21781 1358 16 into into IN 21781 1358 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1358 18 cavities cavity NNS 21781 1358 19 , , , 21781 1358 20 but but CC 21781 1358 21 this this DT 21781 1358 22 structure structure NN 21781 1358 23 is be VBZ 21781 1358 24 much much RB 21781 1358 25 simpler simple JJR 21781 1358 26 than than IN 21781 1358 27 that that DT 21781 1358 28 of of IN 21781 1358 29 the the DT 21781 1358 30 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1358 31 's 's POS 21781 1358 32 lung lung NN 21781 1358 33 , , , 21781 1358 34 in in IN 21781 1358 35 which which WDT 21781 1358 36 the the DT 21781 1358 37 branching branch VBG 21781 1358 38 bronchi bronchi NN 21781 1358 39 , , , 21781 1358 40 the the DT 21781 1358 41 imperfect imperfect JJ 21781 1358 42 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1358 43 rings ring NNS 21781 1358 44 supporting support VBG 21781 1358 45 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1358 46 , , , 21781 1358 47 alveoli alveoli NNP 21781 1358 48 , , , 21781 1358 49 arteries artery NNS 21781 1358 50 and and CC 21781 1358 51 veins vein NNS 21781 1358 52 , , , 21781 1358 53 form form VBP 21781 1358 54 together together RB 21781 1358 55 a a DT 21781 1358 56 quasi quasi JJ 21781 1358 57 - - JJ 21781 1358 58 solid solid JJ 21781 1358 59 mass mass NN 21781 1358 60 . . . 21781 1359 1 Section section NN 21781 1359 2 6 6 CD 21781 1359 3 . . . 21781 1360 1 The the DT 21781 1360 2 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 1360 3 of of IN 21781 1360 4 respiration respiration NN 21781 1360 5 is be VBZ 21781 1360 6 fundamentally fundamentally RB 21781 1360 7 different different JJ 21781 1360 8 from from IN 21781 1360 9 that that DT 21781 1360 10 of of IN 21781 1360 11 the the DT 21781 1360 12 mammal mammal NN 21781 1360 13 . . . 21781 1361 1 The the DT 21781 1361 2 method method NN 21781 1361 3 is be VBZ 21781 1361 4 as as IN 21781 1361 5 follows:-- follows:-- `` 21781 1361 6 The the DT 21781 1361 7 frog frog NN 21781 1361 8 opens open VBZ 21781 1361 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1361 10 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1361 11 nares naris NNS 21781 1361 12 , , , 21781 1361 13 and and CC 21781 1361 14 depresses depress VBZ 21781 1361 15 the the DT 21781 1361 16 floor floor NN 21781 1361 17 of of IN 21781 1361 18 the the DT 21781 1361 19 mouth mouth NN 21781 1361 20 , , , 21781 1361 21 which which WDT 21781 1361 22 therefore therefore RB 21781 1361 23 fills fill VBZ 21781 1361 24 with with IN 21781 1361 25 air air NN 21781 1361 26 . . . 21781 1362 1 The the DT 21781 1362 2 anterior anterior NN 21781 1362 3 nares naris NNS 21781 1362 4 are be VBP 21781 1362 5 then then RB 21781 1362 6 closed closed JJ 21781 1362 7 , , , 21781 1362 8 and and CC 21781 1362 9 the the DT 21781 1362 10 floor floor NN 21781 1362 11 mouth mouth NN 21781 1362 12 rises rise VBZ 21781 1362 13 and and CC 21781 1362 14 forces force VBZ 21781 1362 15 the the DT 21781 1362 16 air air NN 21781 1362 17 into into IN 21781 1362 18 the the DT 21781 1362 19 lungs-- lungs-- NNP 21781 1362 20 the the DT 21781 1362 21 frog frog NN 21781 1362 22 , , , 21781 1362 23 therefore therefore RB 21781 1362 24 , , , 21781 1362 25 swallows swallow VBZ 21781 1362 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1362 27 air air NN 21781 1362 28 rather rather RB 21781 1362 29 than than IN 21781 1362 30 inhales inhale VBZ 21781 1362 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1362 32 . . . 21781 1363 1 The the DT 21781 1363 2 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 1363 3 instrument instrument NN 21781 1363 4 of of IN 21781 1363 5 the the DT 21781 1363 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1363 7 is be VBZ 21781 1363 8 a a DT 21781 1363 9 suction suction NN 21781 1363 10 pump pump NN 21781 1363 11 , , , 21781 1363 12 while while IN 21781 1363 13 that that DT 21781 1363 14 of of IN 21781 1363 15 the the DT 21781 1363 16 frog frog NN 21781 1363 17 is be VBZ 21781 1363 18 a a DT 21781 1363 19 " " `` 21781 1363 20 buccal buccal JJ 21781 1363 21 force force NN 21781 1363 22 pump pump NN 21781 1363 23 . . . 21781 1363 24 " " '' 21781 1364 1 Section section NN 21781 1364 2 7 7 CD 21781 1364 3 . . . 21781 1365 1 The the DT 21781 1365 2 heart heart NN 21781 1365 3 is be VBZ 21781 1365 4 not not RB 21781 1365 5 quadrilocular quadrilocular JJ 21781 1365 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1365 7 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 1365 8 , , , 21781 1365 9 of of IN 21781 1365 10 four four CD 21781 1365 11 chambers chamber NNS 21781 1365 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1365 13 , , , 21781 1365 14 but but CC 21781 1365 15 trilocular trilocular NNP 21781 1365 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1365 17 of of IN 21781 1365 18 three three CD 21781 1365 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1365 20 , , , 21781 1365 21 and and CC 21781 1365 22 two two CD 21781 1365 23 structures structure NNS 21781 1365 24 , , , 21781 1365 25 not not RB 21781 1365 26 seen see VBN 21781 1365 27 in in IN 21781 1365 28 Lepus Lepus NNP 21781 1365 29 , , , 21781 1365 30 the the DT 21781 1365 31 truncus truncus JJ 21781 1365 32 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 1365 33 and and CC 21781 1365 34 the the DT 21781 1365 35 sinus sinus NN 21781 1365 36 venosus venosus NN 21781 1365 37 , , , 21781 1365 38 into into IN 21781 1365 39 the the DT 21781 1365 40 latter latter NN 21781 1365 41 of of IN 21781 1365 42 which which WDT 21781 1365 43 the the DT 21781 1365 44 venous venous JJ 21781 1365 45 blood blood NN 21781 1365 46 runs run NNS 21781 1365 47 before before IN 21781 1365 48 entering enter VBG 21781 1365 49 the the DT 21781 1365 50 right right JJ 21781 1365 51 auricle auricle NN 21781 1365 52 , , , 21781 1365 53 are be VBP 21781 1365 54 to to TO 21781 1365 55 be be VB 21781 1365 56 noted note VBN 21781 1365 57 . . . 21781 1366 1 The the DT 21781 1366 2 single single JJ 21781 1366 3 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1366 4 is be VBZ 21781 1366 5 blocked block VBN 21781 1366 6 with with IN 21781 1366 7 bars bar NNS 21781 1366 8 of of IN 21781 1366 9 tissue tissue NN 21781 1366 10 that that WDT 21781 1366 11 render render VBP 21781 1366 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1366 13 interior interior NN 21781 1366 14 , , , 21781 1366 15 not not RB 21781 1366 16 an an DT 21781 1366 17 open open JJ 21781 1366 18 cavity cavity NN 21781 1366 19 , , , 21781 1366 20 but but CC 21781 1366 21 a a DT 21781 1366 22 spongy spongy JJ 21781 1366 23 mass mass NN 21781 1366 24 . . . 21781 1367 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1367 2 2 2 CD 21781 1367 3 , , , 21781 1367 4 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1367 5 11 11 CD 21781 1367 6 , , , 21781 1367 7 shows show VBZ 21781 1367 8 the the DT 21781 1367 9 heart heart NN 21781 1367 10 opened open VBD 21781 1367 11 ; ; : 21781 1367 12 l.au l.au JJ 21781 1367 13 . . . 21781 1368 1 and and CC 21781 1368 2 r.au r.au VBD 21781 1368 3 . . . 21781 1369 1 are be VBP 21781 1369 2 the the DT 21781 1369 3 left left JJ 21781 1369 4 and and CC 21781 1369 5 right right JJ 21781 1369 6 auricles auricle NNS 21781 1369 7 respectively respectively RB 21781 1369 8 ; ; : 21781 1369 9 the the DT 21781 1369 10 truncus truncus NN 21781 1369 11 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 1369 12 is be VBZ 21781 1369 13 seen see VBN 21781 1369 14 to to TO 21781 1369 15 be be VB 21781 1369 16 imperfectly imperfectly RB 21781 1369 17 divided divide VBN 21781 1369 18 by by IN 21781 1369 19 a a DT 21781 1369 20 great great JJ 21781 1369 21 longitudino longitudino JJ 21781 1369 22 - - HYPH 21781 1369 23 spiral spiral JJ 21781 1369 24 valve valve NN 21781 1369 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1369 26 l.s.v l.s.v NNP 21781 1369 27 . . . 21781 1370 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1370 2 ; ; : 21781 1370 3 p.c p.c NNP 21781 1370 4 . . . 21781 1371 1 is be VBZ 21781 1371 2 the the DT 21781 1371 3 pulmo pulmo RB 21781 1371 4 - - HYPH 21781 1371 5 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 1371 6 artery artery NN 21781 1371 7 -going -going NN 21781 1371 8 to to IN 21781 1371 9 the the DT 21781 1371 10 lungs- lungs- NN 21781 1371 11 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1371 12 supplying supply VBG 21781 1371 13 skin skin NN 21781 1371 14 and and CC 21781 1371 15 lungs lung NNS 21781 1371 16 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1371 17 ; ; : 21781 1371 18 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 1371 19 . . . 21781 1371 20 , , , 21781 1371 21 the the DT 21781 1371 22 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1371 23 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1371 24 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1371 25 furnishing furnish VBG 21781 1371 26 the the DT 21781 1371 27 supply supply NN 21781 1371 28 of of IN 21781 1371 29 the the DT 21781 1371 30 body body NN 21781 1371 31 and and CC 21781 1371 32 limbs limb NNS 21781 1371 33 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1371 34 ; ; : 21781 1371 35 and and CC 21781 1371 36 c.a c.a NNP 21781 1371 37 . . . 21781 1372 1 the the DT 21781 1372 2 carotid carotid JJ 21781 1372 3 artery artery NN 21781 1372 4 going go VBG 21781 1372 5 to to IN 21781 1372 6 the the DT 21781 1372 7 head head NN 21781 1372 8 ; ; : 21781 1372 9 all all DT 21781 1372 10 of of IN 21781 1372 11 which which WDT 21781 1372 12 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1372 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1372 14 compare compare VB 21781 1372 15 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1372 16 1 1 CD 21781 1372 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1372 18 are be VBP 21781 1372 19 paired pair VBN 21781 1372 20 . . . 21781 1373 1 Section section NN 21781 1373 2 8 8 CD 21781 1373 3 . . . 21781 1374 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1374 2 might may MD 21781 1374 3 be be VB 21781 1374 4 inferred infer VBN 21781 1374 5 from from IN 21781 1374 6 this this DT 21781 1374 7 that that DT 21781 1374 8 pure pure JJ 21781 1374 9 and and CC 21781 1374 10 impure impure VB 21781 1374 11 blood blood NN 21781 1374 12 mix mix NN 21781 1374 13 in in IN 21781 1374 14 the the DT 21781 1374 15 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1374 16 , , , 21781 1374 17 and and CC 21781 1374 18 that that IN 21781 1374 19 a a DT 21781 1374 20 blood blood NN 21781 1374 21 of of IN 21781 1374 22 uniform uniform JJ 21781 1374 23 quality quality NN 21781 1374 24 flows flow VBZ 21781 1374 25 to to IN 21781 1374 26 lungs lung NNS 21781 1374 27 , , , 21781 1374 28 head head NN 21781 1374 29 , , , 21781 1374 30 and and CC 21781 1374 31 extremities extremity NNS 21781 1374 32 ; ; : 21781 1374 33 but but CC 21781 1374 34 this this DT 21781 1374 35 is be VBZ 21781 1374 36 not not RB 21781 1374 37 so so RB 21781 1374 38 . . . 21781 1375 1 The the DT 21781 1375 2 spongy spongy JJ 21781 1375 3 nature nature NN 21781 1375 4 of of IN 21781 1375 5 the the DT 21781 1375 6 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1375 7 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 1375 8 retards retard VBZ 21781 1375 9 this this DT 21781 1375 10 mixing mixing NN 21781 1375 11 . . . 21781 1376 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1376 2 will will MD 21781 1376 3 be be VB 21781 1376 4 noted note VBN 21781 1376 5 that that IN 21781 1376 6 the the DT 21781 1376 7 opening opening NN 21781 1376 8 of of IN 21781 1376 9 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 1376 10 arteries artery NNS 21781 1376 11 lies lie VBZ 21781 1376 12 nearest nearest RB 21781 1376 13 to to IN 21781 1376 14 the the DT 21781 1376 15 heart heart NN 21781 1376 16 , , , 21781 1376 17 next next RB 21781 1376 18 come come VB 21781 1376 19 the the DT 21781 1376 20 aortic aortic JJ 21781 1376 21 and and CC 21781 1376 22 carotid carotid JJ 21781 1376 23 arches arch NNS 21781 1376 24 , , , 21781 1376 25 which which WDT 21781 1376 26 have have VBP 21781 1376 27 a a DT 21781 1376 28 common common JJ 21781 1376 29 opening opening NN 21781 1376 30 at at IN 21781 1376 31 A. a. NN 21781 1377 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 21781 1377 2 , , , 21781 1377 3 at at IN 21781 1377 4 c.g.l c.g.l NNP 21781 1377 5 . . . 21781 1378 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1378 2 the the DT 21781 1378 3 carotid carotid JJ 21781 1378 4 artery artery NN 21781 1378 5 , , , 21781 1378 6 repeatedly repeatedly RB 21781 1378 7 divides divide VBZ 21781 1378 8 to to TO 21781 1378 9 form form VB 21781 1378 10 a a DT 21781 1378 11 close close JJ 21781 1378 12 meshwork meshwork NN 21781 1378 13 of of IN 21781 1378 14 arterioles arteriole NNS 21781 1378 15 , , , 21781 1378 16 the the DT 21781 1378 17 carotid carotid NNP 21781 1378 18 gland gland NNP 21781 1378 19 , , , 21781 1378 20 forming form VBG 21781 1378 21 a a DT 21781 1378 22 sponge sponge JJ 21781 1378 23 - - HYPH 21781 1378 24 like like JJ 21781 1378 25 plug plug NN 21781 1378 26 in in IN 21781 1378 27 this this DT 21781 1378 28 vessel vessel NN 21781 1378 29 . . . 21781 1378 30 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1379 1 is be VBZ 21781 1379 2 a a DT 21781 1379 3 spongy spongy JJ 21781 1379 4 mass mass NN 21781 1379 5 of of IN 21781 1379 6 matter matter NN 21781 1379 7 , , , 21781 1379 8 the the DT 21781 1379 9 carotid carotid NNP 21781 1379 10 gland gland NNP 21781 1379 11 inserted insert VBD 21781 1379 12 upon upon IN 21781 1379 13 the the DT 21781 1379 14 carotid carotid NNS 21781 1379 15 . . . 21781 1380 1 Hence hence RB 21781 1380 2 the the DT 21781 1380 3 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 1380 4 arteries artery NNS 21781 1380 5 yawn yawn VBD 21781 1380 6 nearest near JJS 21781 1380 7 for for IN 21781 1380 8 the the DT 21781 1380 9 blood blood NN 21781 1380 10 , , , 21781 1380 11 and and CC 21781 1380 12 , , , 21781 1380 13 being be VBG 21781 1380 14 short short JJ 21781 1380 15 , , , 21781 1380 16 wide wide JJ 21781 1380 17 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1380 18 , , , 21781 1380 19 present present VB 21781 1380 20 the the DT 21781 1380 21 least least JJS 21781 1380 22 resistance resistance NN 21781 1380 23 to to IN 21781 1380 24 the the DT 21781 1380 25 first first JJ 21781 1380 26 rush rush NN 21781 1380 27 of of IN 21781 1380 28 blood-- blood-- NN 21781 1380 29 mainly mainly RB 21781 1380 30 venous venous JJ 21781 1380 31 blood blood NN 21781 1380 32 for for IN 21781 1380 33 the the DT 21781 1380 34 right right JJ 21781 1380 35 auricle auricle NN 21781 1380 36 . . . 21781 1381 1 As as IN 21781 1381 2 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1381 3 fill fill VBP 21781 1381 4 up up RP 21781 1381 5 , , , 21781 1381 6 the the DT 21781 1381 7 back back JJ 21781 1381 8 resistance resistance NN 21781 1381 9 in in IN 21781 1381 10 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1381 11 becomes become VBZ 21781 1381 12 equal equal JJ 21781 1381 13 , , , 21781 1381 14 and and CC 21781 1381 15 then then RB 21781 1381 16 greater great JJR 21781 1381 17 , , , 21781 1381 18 than than IN 21781 1381 19 the the DT 21781 1381 20 resistance resistance NN 21781 1381 21 at at IN 21781 1381 22 A A NNP 21781 1381 23 , , , 21781 1381 24 and and CC 21781 1381 25 the the DT 21781 1381 26 rush rush NN 21781 1381 27 of of IN 21781 1381 28 blood blood NN 21781 1381 29 , , , 21781 1381 30 now now RB 21781 1381 31 of of IN 21781 1381 32 a a DT 21781 1381 33 mixed mixed JJ 21781 1381 34 quality quality NN 21781 1381 35 passes pass VBZ 21781 1381 36 through through IN 21781 1381 37 that that DT 21781 1381 38 aperture aperture NN 21781 1381 39 . . . 21781 1382 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1382 2 selects select VBZ 21781 1382 3 the the DT 21781 1382 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1382 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1382 6 , , , 21781 1382 7 because because IN 21781 1382 8 the the DT 21781 1382 9 carotid carotid NNS 21781 1382 10 arch arch NN 21781 1382 11 , , , 21781 1382 12 plugged plug VBN 21781 1382 13 by by IN 21781 1382 14 the the DT 21781 1382 15 carotid carotid NNP 21781 1382 16 gland gland NNP 21781 1382 17 , , , 21781 1382 18 offers offer VBZ 21781 1382 19 the the DT 21781 1382 20 greater great JJR 21781 1382 21 resistance resistance NN 21781 1382 22 . . . 21781 1383 1 Presently presently RB 21781 1383 2 , , , 21781 1383 3 however however RB 21781 1383 4 , , , 21781 1383 5 the the DT 21781 1383 6 back back JJ 21781 1383 7 resistance resistance NN 21781 1383 8 of of IN 21781 1383 9 the the DT 21781 1383 10 filled filled JJ 21781 1383 11 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1383 12 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1383 13 rises rise VBZ 21781 1383 14 above above IN 21781 1383 15 this this DT 21781 1383 16 , , , 21781 1383 17 and and CC 21781 1383 18 the the DT 21781 1383 19 last last JJ 21781 1383 20 flow flow NN 21781 1383 21 of of IN 21781 1383 22 blood blood NN 21781 1383 23 , , , 21781 1383 24 from from IN 21781 1383 25 the the DT 21781 1383 26 ventricular ventricular JJ 21781 1383 27 systole-- systole-- NNP 21781 1383 28 almost almost RB 21781 1383 29 purely purely RB 21781 1383 30 oxygenated oxygenate VBN 21781 1383 31 blood blood NN 21781 1383 32 for for IN 21781 1383 33 the the DT 21781 1383 34 left left JJ 21781 1383 35 auricle-- auricle-- NNP 21781 1383 36 goes go VBZ 21781 1383 37 on on RP 21781 1383 38 towards towards IN 21781 1383 39 the the DT 21781 1383 40 head head NN 21781 1383 41 . . . 21781 1384 1 Section section NN 21781 1384 2 9 9 CD 21781 1384 3 . . . 21781 1385 1 At at IN 21781 1385 2 the the DT 21781 1385 3 carotid carotid NNP 21781 1385 4 gland gland NNP 21781 1385 5 the the DT 21781 1385 6 carotid carotid NNP 21781 1385 7 artery artery NN 21781 1385 8 splits split VBZ 21781 1385 9 into into IN 21781 1385 10 -an- -an- : 21781 1385 11 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1385 12 a a DT 21781 1385 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1385 14 -external -external JJ 21781 1385 15 carotid- carotid- NN 21781 1385 16 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1385 17 lingual lingual NN 21781 1385 18 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1385 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1385 20 e.c e.c NNP 21781 1385 21 . . . 21781 1386 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1386 2 , , , 21781 1386 3 and and CC 21781 1386 4 a a DT 21781 1386 5 deeper deeply RBR 21781 1386 6 internal internal JJ 21781 1386 7 carotid carotid NNS 21781 1386 8 . . . 21781 1387 1 The the DT 21781 1387 2 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1387 3 aorta aorta NN 21781 1387 4 passes pass VBZ 21781 1387 5 round round RB 21781 1387 6 on on IN 21781 1387 7 each each DT 21781 1387 8 side side NN 21781 1387 9 of of IN 21781 1387 10 the the DT 21781 1387 11 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1387 12 , , , 21781 1387 13 as as IN 21781 1387 14 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1387 15 by by IN 21781 1387 16 the the DT 21781 1387 17 dotted dotted JJ 21781 1387 18 lines line NNS 21781 1387 19 in in IN 21781 1387 20 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1387 21 2 2 CD 21781 1387 22 , , , 21781 1387 23 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1387 24 11 11 CD 21781 1387 25 , , , 21781 1387 26 and and CC 21781 1387 27 meets meet VBZ 21781 1387 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1387 29 fellow fellow JJ 21781 1387 30 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1387 31 to to IN 21781 1387 32 the the DT 21781 1387 33 liver liver NN 21781 1387 34 . . . 21781 1388 1 Each each DT 21781 1388 2 arch arch NN 21781 1388 3 gives give VBZ 21781 1388 4 off off RP 21781 1388 5 subclavian subclavian JJ 21781 1388 6 arteries artery NNS 21781 1388 7 to to IN 21781 1388 8 the the DT 21781 1388 9 limbs limb NNS 21781 1388 10 , , , 21781 1388 11 and and CC 21781 1388 12 the the DT 21781 1388 13 left left NN 21781 1388 14 , , , 21781 1388 15 immediately immediately RB 21781 1388 16 before before IN 21781 1388 17 meeting meet VBG 21781 1388 18 the the DT 21781 1388 19 right right NN 21781 1388 20 , , , 21781 1388 21 gives give VBZ 21781 1388 22 off off RP 21781 1388 23 the the DT 21781 1388 24 coeliaco coeliaco NNP 21781 1388 25 - - HYPH 21781 1388 26 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 1388 27 artery artery NN 21781 1388 28 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1388 29 to to IN 21781 1388 30 the the DT 21781 1388 31 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1388 32 canal canal NN 21781 1388 33 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1388 34 . . . 21781 1389 1 This this DT 21781 1389 2 origin origin NN 21781 1389 3 of of IN 21781 1389 4 the the DT 21781 1389 5 coeliaco coeliaco NNP 21781 1389 6 - - HYPH 21781 1389 7 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 1389 8 artery artery NN 21781 1389 9 a a DT 21781 1389 10 little little JJ 21781 1389 11 to to IN 21781 1389 12 the the DT 21781 1389 13 left left NN 21781 1389 14 , , , 21781 1389 15 is be VBZ 21781 1389 16 the the DT 21781 1389 17 only only JJ 21781 1389 18 asymmetry asymmetry NN 21781 1389 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1389 20 want want NN 21781 1389 21 of of IN 21781 1389 22 balance balance NN 21781 1389 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1389 24 in in IN 21781 1389 25 the the DT 21781 1389 26 arterial arterial JJ 21781 1389 27 system system NN 21781 1389 28 of of IN 21781 1389 29 the the DT 21781 1389 30 frog frog NN 21781 1389 31 , , , 21781 1389 32 as as IN 21781 1389 33 contrasted contrast VBN 21781 1389 34 with with IN 21781 1389 35 the the DT 21781 1389 36 very very RB 21781 1389 37 extensive extensive JJ 21781 1389 38 asymmetry asymmetry NN 21781 1389 39 of of IN 21781 1389 40 the the DT 21781 1389 41 great great JJ 21781 1389 42 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1389 43 near near IN 21781 1389 44 the the DT 21781 1389 45 heart heart NN 21781 1389 46 of of IN 21781 1389 47 the the DT 21781 1389 48 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1389 49 . . . 21781 1390 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1390 2 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1390 3 the the DT 21781 1390 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1390 5 aorta aorta NN 21781 1390 6 forks fork NNS 21781 1390 7 into into IN 21781 1390 8 two two CD 21781 1390 9 common common JJ 21781 1390 10 iliac iliac NNP 21781 1390 11 arteries artery NNS 21781 1390 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1390 13 right right UH 21781 1390 14 and and CC 21781 1390 15 left left JJ 21781 1390 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1390 17 supplying supply VBG 21781 1390 18 the the DT 21781 1390 19 hind hind NN 21781 1390 20 limbs limb NNS 21781 1390 21 . . . 21781 1390 22 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1391 1 Section section NN 21781 1391 2 10 10 CD 21781 1391 3 . . . 21781 1392 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1392 2 3 3 CD 21781 1392 3 gives give VBZ 21781 1392 4 a a DT 21781 1392 5 side side JJ 21781 1392 6 view view NN 21781 1392 7 of of IN 21781 1392 8 the the DT 21781 1392 9 frog frog NN 21781 1392 10 , , , 21781 1392 11 to to TO 21781 1392 12 display display VB 21781 1392 13 the the DT 21781 1392 14 circulation circulation NN 21781 1392 15 . . . 21781 1393 1 { { -LRB- 21781 1393 2 Lines line NNS 21781 1393 3 from from IN 21781 1393 4 Second Second NNP 21781 1393 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 1393 6 only only RB 21781 1393 7 . . . 21781 1393 8 } } -RRB- 21781 1394 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1394 2 The the DT 21781 1394 3 venous venous JJ 21781 1394 4 return return NN 21781 1394 5 to to IN 21781 1394 6 the the DT 21781 1394 7 heart heart NN 21781 1394 8 , , , 21781 1394 9 as as IN 21781 1394 10 in in IN 21781 1394 11 the the DT 21781 1394 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1394 13 , , , 21781 1394 14 is be VBZ 21781 1394 15 by by IN 21781 1394 16 paired pair VBN 21781 1394 17 venae venae NNP 21781 1394 18 cavae cavae NNP 21781 1394 19 anteriores anteriores NNPS 21781 1394 20 and and CC 21781 1394 21 by by IN 21781 1394 22 a a DT 21781 1394 23 single single JJ 21781 1394 24 vena vena NN 21781 1394 25 cava cava NNP 21781 1394 26 inferior inferior JJ 21781 1394 27 . . . 21781 1395 1 The the DT 21781 1395 2 factors factor NNS 21781 1395 3 of of IN 21781 1395 4 the the DT 21781 1395 5 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1395 6 cava cava NN 21781 1395 7 on on IN 21781 1395 8 either either DT 21781 1395 9 side side NN 21781 1395 10 are be VBP 21781 1395 11 an an DT 21781 1395 12 external external JJ 21781 1395 13 jugular jugular NN 21781 1395 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1395 15 ex.j ex.j NN 21781 1395 16 . . . 21781 1395 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1396 1 an an DT 21781 1396 2 innominate innominate JJ 21781 1396 3 vein vein NN 21781 1396 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1396 5 in.v in.v NNP 21781 1396 6 . . . 21781 1396 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1397 1 and and CC 21781 1397 2 subclavian subclavian NNP 21781 1397 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1397 4 scl.v scl.v UH 21781 1397 5 . . . 21781 1397 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1397 7 . . . 21781 1398 1 The the DT 21781 1398 2 last last JJ 21781 1398 3 receives receive NNS 21781 1398 4 not not RB 21781 1398 5 only only RB 21781 1398 6 the the DT 21781 1398 7 brachial brachial JJ 21781 1398 8 vein vein NN 21781 1398 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1398 10 b.v b.v NNP 21781 1398 11 . . NNP 21781 1398 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1398 13 from from IN 21781 1398 14 the the DT 21781 1398 15 fore fore NN 21781 1398 16 limb limb NN 21781 1398 17 , , , 21781 1398 18 but but CC 21781 1398 19 also also RB 21781 1398 20 a a DT 21781 1398 21 large large JJ 21781 1398 22 vein vein NN 21781 1398 23 bringing bring VBG 21781 1398 24 blood blood NN 21781 1398 25 for for IN 21781 1398 26 the the DT 21781 1398 27 skin skin NN 21781 1398 28 , , , 21781 1398 29 the the DT 21781 1398 30 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 1398 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1398 32 p.v p.v NNP 21781 1398 33 . . NNP 21781 1398 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1398 35 . . . 21781 1399 1 The the DT 21781 1399 2 innominate innominate JJ 21781 1399 3 vein vein NN 21781 1399 4 has have VBZ 21781 1399 5 also also RB 21781 1399 6 two two CD 21781 1399 7 chief chief JJ 21781 1399 8 factors factor NNS 21781 1399 9 , , , 21781 1399 10 the the DT 21781 1399 11 internal internal JJ 21781 1399 12 jugular jugular NNP 21781 1399 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1399 14 l.i.j.v l.i.j.v NNP 21781 1399 15 . . . 21781 1399 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1400 1 and and CC 21781 1400 2 the the DT 21781 1400 3 subscapular subscapular NNP 21781 1400 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1400 5 s.s.v s.s.v NNP 21781 1400 6 . . . 21781 1400 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1400 8 . . . 21781 1401 1 The the DT 21781 1401 2 blood blood NN 21781 1401 3 returns return VBZ 21781 1401 4 from from IN 21781 1401 5 each each DT 21781 1401 6 hind hind JJ 21781 1401 7 limb limb NN 21781 1401 8 by by IN 21781 1401 9 a a DT 21781 1401 10 sciatic sciatic JJ 21781 1401 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1401 12 l.sc l.sc NN 21781 1401 13 . . . 21781 1401 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1402 1 or or CC 21781 1402 2 femoral femoral JJ 21781 1402 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1402 4 f.m f.m NNP 21781 1402 5 . . . 21781 1402 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1403 1 vein vein NNP 21781 1403 2 , , , 21781 1403 3 and and CC 21781 1403 4 either either DT 21781 1403 5 passes pass VBZ 21781 1403 6 to to IN 21781 1403 7 a a DT 21781 1403 8 renal renal JJ 21781 1403 9 portal portal JJ 21781 1403 10 vein vein NN 21781 1403 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1403 12 l.r.p l.r.p JJ 21781 1403 13 . . . 21781 1404 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1404 2 , , , 21781 1404 3 which which WDT 21781 1404 4 breaks break VBZ 21781 1404 5 into into IN 21781 1404 6 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 1404 7 in in IN 21781 1404 8 the the DT 21781 1404 9 kidney kidney NN 21781 1404 10 , , , 21781 1404 11 or or CC 21781 1404 12 by by IN 21781 1404 13 a a DT 21781 1404 14 paired pair VBN 21781 1404 15 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1404 16 vein vein NN 21781 1404 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1404 18 l.p.v l.p.v NNP 21781 1404 19 . . . 21781 1405 1 in in IN 21781 1405 2 Figures Figures NNP 21781 1405 3 1 1 CD 21781 1405 4 and and CC 21781 1405 5 3 3 CD 21781 1405 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1405 7 which which WDT 21781 1405 8 meets meet VBZ 21781 1405 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1405 10 fellow fellow NN 21781 1405 11 in in IN 21781 1405 12 the the DT 21781 1405 13 middle middle JJ 21781 1405 14 line line NN 21781 1405 15 to to TO 21781 1405 16 form form VB 21781 1405 17 the the DT 21781 1405 18 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1405 19 abdominal abdominal NNP 21781 1405 20 vein vein NNP 21781 1405 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1405 22 a.ab.v a.ab.v UH 21781 1405 23 . . . 21781 1405 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1406 1 going go VBG 21781 1406 2 forward forward RB 21781 1406 3 and and CC 21781 1406 4 uniting unite VBG 21781 1406 5 with with IN 21781 1406 6 the the DT 21781 1406 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1406 8 median median NNP 21781 1406 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1406 10 portal portal NNP 21781 1406 11 vein vein NNP 21781 1406 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1406 13 p.v p.v NNP 21781 1406 14 . . NNP 21781 1406 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1407 1 to to TO 21781 1407 2 enter enter VB 21781 1407 3 the the DT 21781 1407 4 liver liver NN 21781 1407 5 . . . 21781 1407 6 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1408 1 -The -The NFP 21781 1408 2 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1408 3 are be VBP 21781 1408 4 named name VBN 21781 1408 5 in in IN 21781 1408 6 the the DT 21781 1408 7 references reference NNS 21781 1408 8 to to IN 21781 1408 9 the the DT 21781 1408 10 figure figure NN 21781 1408 11 , , , 21781 1408 12 which which WDT 21781 1408 13 should should MD 21781 1408 14 be be VB 21781 1408 15 carefully carefully RB 21781 1408 16 copied copy VBN 21781 1408 17 and and CC 21781 1408 18 mastered master VBN 21781 1408 19 . . . 21781 1409 1 Here here RB 21781 1409 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1409 3 need need VBP 21781 1409 4 only- only- . 21781 1409 5 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1409 6 Comparing compare VBG 21781 1409 7 with with IN 21781 1409 8 the the DT 21781 1409 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1409 10 , , , 21781 1409 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1409 12 would would MD 21781 1409 13 especially especially RB 21781 1409 14 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1409 15 call call VB 21781 1409 16 attention attention NN 21781 1409 17 to to IN 21781 1409 18 the the DT 21781 1409 19 fact fact NN 21781 1409 20 that that IN 21781 1409 21 the the DT 21781 1409 22 vena vena NNP 21781 1409 23 cava cava NNP 21781 1409 24 inferior inferior NNP 21781 1409 25 extends extend VBZ 21781 1409 26 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1409 27 only only RB 21781 1409 28 to to IN 21781 1409 29 the the DT 21781 1409 30 kidney kidney NN 21781 1409 31 , , , 21781 1409 32 and and CC 21781 1409 33 that that IN 21781 1409 34 there there EX 21781 1409 35 is be VBZ 21781 1409 36 a a DT 21781 1409 37 renal renal JJ 21781 1409 38 portal portal JJ 21781 1409 39 system system NN 21781 1409 40 . . . 21781 1410 1 The the DT 21781 1410 2 blood blood NN 21781 1410 3 from from IN 21781 1410 4 the the DT 21781 1410 5 hind hind NNP 21781 1410 6 limbs limb NNS 21781 1410 7 either either CC 21781 1410 8 flows flow VBZ 21781 1410 9 by by IN 21781 1410 10 the the DT 21781 1410 11 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1410 12 abdominal abdominal NNP 21781 1410 13 vein vein NNP 21781 1410 14 to to IN 21781 1410 15 the the DT 21781 1410 16 portal portal NNP 21781 1410 17 vein vein NN 21781 1410 18 and and CC 21781 1410 19 liver liver NN 21781 1410 20 , , , 21781 1410 21 or or CC 21781 1410 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1410 23 passes pass VBZ 21781 1410 24 by by IN 21781 1410 25 the the DT 21781 1410 26 renal renal JJ 21781 1410 27 portal portal JJ 21781 1410 28 vein vein NN 21781 1410 29 to to IN 21781 1410 30 the the DT 21781 1410 31 kidney kidney NN 21781 1410 32 . . . 21781 1411 1 There there RB 21781 1411 2 the the DT 21781 1411 3 vein vein NN 21781 1411 4 breaks break VBZ 21781 1411 5 up up RP 21781 1411 6 , , , 21781 1411 7 and and CC 21781 1411 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1411 9 find find VBP 21781 1411 10 in in IN 21781 1411 11 the the DT 21781 1411 12 frog frog NN 21781 1411 13 's 's POS 21781 1411 14 kidney kidney NN 21781 1411 15 , , , 21781 1411 16 just just RB 21781 1411 17 as as IN 21781 1411 18 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1411 19 find find VBP 21781 1411 20 in in IN 21781 1411 21 the the DT 21781 1411 22 frog frog NN 21781 1411 23 's 's POS 21781 1411 24 and and CC 21781 1411 25 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1411 26 's 's POS 21781 1411 27 liver liver NN 21781 1411 28 , , , 21781 1411 29 a a DT 21781 1411 30 triple triple JJ 21781 1411 31 system system NN 21781 1411 32 of of IN 21781 1411 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1411 34 a a DT 21781 1411 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1411 36 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 1411 37 arterial arterial NN 21781 1411 38 , , , 21781 1411 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1411 40 b b NN 21781 1411 41 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1411 42 afferent afferent NN 21781 1411 43 * * NN 21781 1411 44 venous venous JJ 21781 1411 45 and and CC 21781 1411 46 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1411 47 c c NN 21781 1411 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1411 49 efferent efferent NNP 21781 1411 50 * * NFP 21781 1411 51 * * NN 21781 1411 52 venous venous JJ 21781 1411 53 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1411 54 . . . 21781 1412 1 * * NFP 21781 1412 2 a a DT 21781 1412 3 , , , 21781 1412 4 ad ad NN 21781 1412 5 = = NN 21781 1412 6 to to IN 21781 1412 7 ; ; : 21781 1412 8 * * NFP 21781 1412 9 * * NFP 21781 1412 10 e e NN 21781 1412 11 , , , 21781 1412 12 ex ex AFX 21781 1412 13 = = SYM 21781 1412 14 out out IN 21781 1412 15 of of IN 21781 1412 16 . . . 21781 1413 1 { { -LRB- 21781 1413 2 This this DT 21781 1413 3 Section section NN 21781 1413 4 missing miss VBG 21781 1413 5 from from IN 21781 1413 6 Second Second NNP 21781 1413 7 Edition Edition NNP 21781 1413 8 . . . 21781 1413 9 } } -RRB- 21781 1414 1 -Section -section NN 21781 1414 2 11 11 CD 21781 1414 3 . . . 21781 1415 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1415 2 is be VBZ 21781 1415 3 not not RB 21781 1415 4 very very RB 21781 1415 5 improbable improbable JJ 21781 1415 6 that that IN 21781 1415 7 the the DT 21781 1415 8 kidney kidney NN 21781 1415 9 of of IN 21781 1415 10 the the DT 21781 1415 11 frog frog NN 21781 1415 12 shares share NNS 21781 1415 13 , , , 21781 1415 14 or or CC 21781 1415 15 performs perform VBZ 21781 1415 16 , , , 21781 1415 17 some some DT 21781 1415 18 of of IN 21781 1415 19 the the DT 21781 1415 20 functions function NNS 21781 1415 21 of of IN 21781 1415 22 the the DT 21781 1415 23 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1415 24 's 's POS 21781 1415 25 liver liver NN 21781 1415 26 , , , 21781 1415 27 or or CC 21781 1415 28 parallel parallel JJ 21781 1415 29 duties duty NNS 21781 1415 30 , , , 21781 1415 31 in in IN 21781 1415 32 addition addition NN 21781 1415 33 to to IN 21781 1415 34 the the DT 21781 1415 35 simply simply RB 21781 1415 36 excretory excretory JJ 21781 1415 37 function function NN 21781 1415 38 . . . 21781 1416 1 Since since IN 21781 1416 2 specialization specialization NN 21781 1416 3 of of IN 21781 1416 4 cells cell NNS 21781 1416 5 must must MD 21781 1416 6 be be VB 21781 1416 7 mainly mainly RB 21781 1416 8 the the DT 21781 1416 9 relatively relatively RB 21781 1416 10 excessive excessive JJ 21781 1416 11 exaggeration exaggeration NN 21781 1416 12 of of IN 21781 1416 13 some some DT 21781 1416 14 one one CD 21781 1416 15 of of IN 21781 1416 16 the the DT 21781 1416 17 general general JJ 21781 1416 18 properties property NNS 21781 1416 19 of of IN 21781 1416 20 the the DT 21781 1416 21 undifferentiated undifferentiated JJ 21781 1416 22 cell cell NN 21781 1416 23 , , , 21781 1416 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1416 25 is be VBZ 21781 1416 26 not not RB 21781 1416 27 a a DT 21781 1416 28 difficult difficult JJ 21781 1416 29 thing thing NN 21781 1416 30 to to TO 21781 1416 31 imagine imagine VB 21781 1416 32 a a DT 21781 1416 33 gradual gradual JJ 21781 1416 34 transition transition NN 21781 1416 35 , , , 21781 1416 36 as as IN 21781 1416 37 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1416 38 move move VBP 21781 1416 39 from from IN 21781 1416 40 one one CD 21781 1416 41 organism organism NN 21781 1416 42 to to IN 21781 1416 43 another another DT 21781 1416 44 , , , 21781 1416 45 of of IN 21781 1416 46 the the DT 21781 1416 47 functions function NNS 21781 1416 48 of of IN 21781 1416 49 glands gland NNS 21781 1416 50 and and CC 21781 1416 51 other other JJ 21781 1416 52 cellular cellular JJ 21781 1416 53 organs organ NNS 21781 1416 54 . . . 21781 1417 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1417 2 is be VBZ 21781 1417 3 probable probable JJ 21781 1417 4 that that IN 21781 1417 5 the the DT 21781 1417 6 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1417 7 kidney kidney NN 21781 1417 8 is be VBZ 21781 1417 9 , , , 21781 1417 10 physiologically physiologically RB 21781 1417 11 , , , 21781 1417 12 a a DT 21781 1417 13 much much RB 21781 1417 14 less less RBR 21781 1417 15 important important JJ 21781 1417 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1417 17 though though IN 21781 1417 18 still still RB 21781 1417 19 quite quite RB 21781 1417 20 essential essential JJ 21781 1417 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1417 22 organ organ NN 21781 1417 23 than than IN 21781 1417 24 the the DT 21781 1417 25 structures structure NNS 21781 1417 26 which which WDT 21781 1417 27 correspond correspond VBP 21781 1417 28 to to IN 21781 1417 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1417 30 in in IN 21781 1417 31 position position NN 21781 1417 32 and and CC 21781 1417 33 development development NN 21781 1417 34 in in IN 21781 1417 35 the the DT 21781 1417 36 lower low JJR 21781 1417 37 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1417 38 types.- types.- NNP 21781 1417 39 Section Section NNP 21781 1417 40 12 12 CD 21781 1417 41 . . . 21781 1418 1 The the DT 21781 1418 2 lymphatic lymphatic JJ 21781 1418 3 system system NN 21781 1418 4 is be VBZ 21781 1418 5 extensively extensively RB 21781 1418 6 developed develop VBN 21781 1418 7 in in IN 21781 1418 8 the the DT 21781 1418 9 frog frog NN 21781 1418 10 , , , 21781 1418 11 but but CC 21781 1418 12 , , , 21781 1418 13 in in IN 21781 1418 14 the the DT 21781 1418 15 place place NN 21781 1418 16 of of IN 21781 1418 17 a a DT 21781 1418 18 complete complete JJ 21781 1418 19 system system NN 21781 1418 20 of of IN 21781 1418 21 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1418 22 organized organize VBN 21781 1418 23 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1418 24 , , , 21781 1418 25 there there EX 21781 1418 26 are be VBP 21781 1418 27 great great JJ 21781 1418 28 lymph lymph NN 21781 1418 29 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 1418 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1418 31 compare compare VB 21781 1418 32 Section Section NNP 21781 1418 33 1 1 CD 21781 1418 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1418 35 . . . 21781 1419 1 In in IN 21781 1419 2 Figure figure NN 21781 1419 3 5 5 CD 21781 1419 4 , , , 21781 1419 5 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1419 6 12 12 CD 21781 1419 7 , , , 21781 1419 8 the the DT 21781 1419 9 position position NN 21781 1419 10 of of IN 21781 1419 11 two two CD 21781 1419 12 lymph lymph NN 21781 1419 13 hearts heart NNS 21781 1419 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1419 15 l.h l.h NNP 21781 1419 16 . . NNP 21781 1419 17 , , , 21781 1419 18 l.h l.h NNP 21781 1419 19 . . NNP 21781 1419 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1420 1 which which WDT 21781 1420 2 pump pump VBP 21781 1420 3 lymph lymph NNP 21781 1420 4 into into IN 21781 1420 5 the the DT 21781 1420 6 adjacent adjacent JJ 21781 1420 7 veins vein NNS 21781 1420 8 , , , 21781 1420 9 is be VBZ 21781 1420 10 shown show VBN 21781 1420 11 . . . 21781 1421 1 Section section NN 21781 1421 2 13 13 CD 21781 1421 3 . . . 21781 1422 1 The the DT 21781 1422 2 skull skull NN 21781 1422 3 of of IN 21781 1422 4 the the DT 21781 1422 5 frog frog NN 21781 1422 6 will will MD 21781 1422 7 repay repay VB 21781 1422 8 a a DT 21781 1422 9 full full JJ 21781 1422 10 treatment treatment NN 21781 1422 11 , , , 21781 1422 12 and and CC 21781 1422 13 will will MD 21781 1422 14 be be VB 21781 1422 15 dealt deal VBN 21781 1422 16 with with IN 21781 1422 17 by by IN 21781 1422 18 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 1422 19 later later RB 21781 1422 20 . . . 21781 1423 1 The the DT 21781 1423 2 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1423 3 column column NN 21781 1423 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1423 5 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1423 6 12 12 CD 21781 1423 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1423 8 consists consist VBZ 21781 1423 9 of of IN 21781 1423 10 nine nine CD 21781 1423 11 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1423 12 , , , 21781 1423 13 the the DT 21781 1423 14 centra centra NN 21781 1423 15 of of IN 21781 1423 16 which which WDT 21781 1423 17 have have VBP 21781 1423 18 faces face NNS 21781 1423 19 , , , 21781 1423 20 not not RB 21781 1423 21 flat flat JJ 21781 1423 22 , , , 21781 1423 23 but but CC 21781 1423 24 hollow hollow JJ 21781 1423 25 in in IN 21781 1423 26 front front NN 21781 1423 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1423 28 pro pro JJ 21781 1423 29 - - JJ 21781 1423 30 coelous coelous JJ 21781 1423 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1423 32 , , , 21781 1423 33 and and CC 21781 1423 34 evidently evidently RB 21781 1423 35 without without IN 21781 1423 36 epiphyses epiphysis NNS 21781 1423 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1423 38 compare compare VB 21781 1423 39 the the DT 21781 1423 40 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1423 41 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1423 42 . . . 21781 1424 1 The the DT 21781 1424 2 anterior anterior NN 21781 1424 3 is be VBZ 21781 1424 4 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 1424 5 called call VBN 21781 1424 6 the the DT 21781 1424 7 atlas atlas NN 21781 1424 8 , , , 21781 1424 9 but but CC 21781 1424 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1424 11 is be VBZ 21781 1424 12 evidently evidently RB 21781 1424 13 not not RB 21781 1424 14 the the DT 21781 1424 15 homologue homologue NN 21781 1424 16 of of IN 21781 1424 17 the the DT 21781 1424 18 atlas atla NNS 21781 1424 19 of of IN 21781 1424 20 the the DT 21781 1424 21 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1424 22 , , , 21781 1424 23 since since IN 21781 1424 24 the the DT 21781 1424 25 first first JJ 21781 1424 26 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1424 27 nerve nerve NN 21781 1424 28 has have VBZ 21781 1424 29 a a DT 21781 1424 30 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 1424 31 distribution distribution NN 21781 1424 32 to to IN 21781 1424 33 the the DT 21781 1424 34 twelfth twelfth JJ 21781 1424 35 cranial cranial NN 21781 1424 36 of of IN 21781 1424 37 the the DT 21781 1424 38 mammal mammal NN 21781 1424 39 , , , 21781 1424 40 and and CC 21781 1424 41 since since IN 21781 1424 42 , , , 21781 1424 43 therefore therefore RB 21781 1424 44 , , , 21781 1424 45 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1424 46 is be VBZ 21781 1424 47 probable probable JJ 21781 1424 48 that that IN 21781 1424 49 the the DT 21781 1424 50 mammalian mammalian NNP 21781 1424 51 skull skull NNP 21781 1424 52 = = SYM 21781 1424 53 the the DT 21781 1424 54 frog frog NN 21781 1424 55 's 's POS 21781 1424 56 skull skull NN 21781 1424 57 + + SYM 21781 1424 58 one one CD 21781 1424 59 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1424 60 or or CC 21781 1424 61 more more JJR 21781 1424 62 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1424 63 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1424 64 incorporated incorporate VBN 21781 1424 65 with with IN 21781 1424 66 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1424 67 . . . 21781 1425 1 Posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1425 2 the the DT 21781 1425 3 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1425 4 column column NN 21781 1425 5 terminates terminate NNS 21781 1425 6 in in IN 21781 1425 7 the the DT 21781 1425 8 urostyle urostyle NN 21781 1425 9 , , , 21781 1425 10 a a DT 21781 1425 11 calcified calcify VBN 21781 1425 12 unsegmented unsegmented JJ 21781 1425 13 rod rod NN 21781 1425 14 . . . 21781 1426 1 The the DT 21781 1426 2 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1426 3 have have VBP 21781 1426 4 transverse transverse JJ 21781 1426 5 processes process NNS 21781 1426 6 , , , 21781 1426 7 but but CC 21781 1426 8 no no DT 21781 1426 9 ribs rib NNS 21781 1426 10 . . . 21781 1427 1 Section section NN 21781 1427 2 14 14 CD 21781 1427 3 . . . 21781 1428 1 The the DT 21781 1428 2 fore fore NN 21781 1428 3 - - HYPH 21781 1428 4 limb limb NN 21781 1428 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1428 6 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1428 7 6 6 CD 21781 1428 8 , , , 21781 1428 9 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1428 10 12 12 CD 21781 1428 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1428 12 consists consist VBZ 21781 1428 13 of of IN 21781 1428 14 an an DT 21781 1428 15 upper upper JJ 21781 1428 16 segment segment NN 21781 1428 17 of of IN 21781 1428 18 one one CD 21781 1428 19 bone bone NN 21781 1428 20 , , , 21781 1428 21 the the DT 21781 1428 22 humerus humerus NNPS 21781 1428 23 , , , 21781 1428 24 as as IN 21781 1428 25 in in IN 21781 1428 26 the the DT 21781 1428 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1428 28 ; ; : 21781 1428 29 a a DT 21781 1428 30 middle middle JJ 21781 1428 31 section section NN 21781 1428 32 , , , 21781 1428 33 the the DT 21781 1428 34 radius radius NN 21781 1428 35 and and CC 21781 1428 36 ulna ulna NNP 21781 1428 37 , , , 21781 1428 38 fused fuse VBN 21781 1428 39 here here RB 21781 1428 40 into into IN 21781 1428 41 one one CD 21781 1428 42 bone bone NN 21781 1428 43 , , , 21781 1428 44 and and CC 21781 1428 45 not not RB 21781 1428 46 , , , 21781 1428 47 as as IN 21781 1428 48 in in IN 21781 1428 49 the the DT 21781 1428 50 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1428 51 type type NN 21781 1428 52 , , , 21781 1428 53 separable separable JJ 21781 1428 54 ; ; : 21781 1428 55 of of IN 21781 1428 56 a a DT 21781 1428 57 carpus carpus NN 21781 1428 58 , , , 21781 1428 59 and and CC 21781 1428 60 of of IN 21781 1428 61 five five CD 21781 1428 62 digits digit NNS 21781 1428 63 , , , 21781 1428 64 of of IN 21781 1428 65 which which WDT 21781 1428 66 the the DT 21781 1428 67 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1428 68 is be VBZ 21781 1428 69 the the DT 21781 1428 70 longest long JJS 21781 1428 71 . . . 21781 1429 1 The the DT 21781 1429 2 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 1429 3 girdle girdle NN 21781 1429 4 is be VBZ 21781 1429 5 more more RBR 21781 1429 6 important important JJ 21781 1429 7 and and CC 21781 1429 8 complete complete JJ 21781 1429 9 than than IN 21781 1429 10 that that DT 21781 1429 11 of of IN 21781 1429 12 the the DT 21781 1429 13 higher high JJR 21781 1429 14 type type NN 21781 1429 15 . . . 21781 1430 1 There there EX 21781 1430 2 is be VBZ 21781 1430 3 a a DT 21781 1430 4 scapula scapula NN 21781 1430 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1430 6 sc sc RB 21781 1430 7 . . . 21781 1430 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1431 1 with with IN 21781 1431 2 an an DT 21781 1431 3 unossified unossified JJ 21781 1431 4 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1431 5 supra supra NN 21781 1431 6 - - HYPH 21781 1431 7 scapula scapula NN 21781 1431 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1431 9 s.sc s.sc NN 21781 1431 10 . . . 21781 1432 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1432 2 ; ; : 21781 1432 3 the the DT 21781 1432 4 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1432 5 border border NN 21781 1432 6 of of IN 21781 1432 7 the the DT 21781 1432 8 scapula scapula NN 21781 1432 9 answers answer NNS 21781 1432 10 to to IN 21781 1432 11 the the DT 21781 1432 12 acromion acromion NN 21781 1432 13 . . . 21781 1433 1 On on IN 21781 1433 2 the the DT 21781 1433 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1433 4 side side NN 21781 1433 5 a a DT 21781 1433 6 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1433 7 rod rod NN 21781 1433 8 , , , 21781 1433 9 embraced embrace VBN 21781 1433 10 by by IN 21781 1433 11 the the DT 21781 1433 12 clavicle clavicle NNP 21781 1433 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1433 14 cl cl NNP 21781 1433 15 . . . 21781 1433 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1434 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1434 2 a a DT 21781 1434 3 membrane membrane NN 21781 1434 4 bone bone NN 21781 1434 5 in in IN 21781 1434 6 this this DT 21781 1434 7 type type NN 21781 1434 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1434 9 , , , 21781 1434 10 runs run VBZ 21781 1434 11 to to IN 21781 1434 12 the the DT 21781 1434 13 sternum sternum NN 21781 1434 14 , , , 21781 1434 15 and and CC 21781 1434 16 answers answer NNS 21781 1434 17 to to IN 21781 1434 18 the the DT 21781 1434 19 clavicle clavicle NN 21781 1434 20 of of IN 21781 1434 21 the the DT 21781 1434 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1434 23 . . . 21781 1435 1 In in IN 21781 1435 2 the the DT 21781 1435 3 place place NN 21781 1435 4 of of IN 21781 1435 5 the the DT 21781 1435 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1435 7 's 's POS 21781 1435 8 coracoid coracoid JJ 21781 1435 9 process process NN 21781 1435 10 , , , 21781 1435 11 is be VBZ 21781 1435 12 a a DT 21781 1435 13 coracoid coracoid NN 21781 1435 14 bone bone NN 21781 1435 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1435 16 co. co. NNP 21781 1435 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1435 18 , , , 21781 1435 19 which which WDT 21781 1435 20 reaches reach VBZ 21781 1435 21 from from IN 21781 1435 22 the the DT 21781 1435 23 glenoid glenoid JJ 21781 1435 24 cavity cavity NN 21781 1435 25 to to IN 21781 1435 26 the the DT 21781 1435 27 sternum sternum NN 21781 1435 28 ; ; : 21781 1435 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1435 30 is be VBZ 21781 1435 31 hidden hide VBN 21781 1435 32 on on IN 21781 1435 33 the the DT 21781 1435 34 right right JJ 21781 1435 35 side side NN 21781 1435 36 of of IN 21781 1435 37 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1435 38 6 6 CD 21781 1435 39 , , , 21781 1435 40 which which WDT 21781 1435 41 is be VBZ 21781 1435 42 a a DT 21781 1435 43 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1435 44 view view NN 21781 1435 45 of of IN 21781 1435 46 the the DT 21781 1435 47 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 1435 48 girdle girdle NN 21781 1435 49 . . . 21781 1436 1 There there EX 21781 1436 2 is be VBZ 21781 1436 3 a a DT 21781 1436 4 pre pre JJ 21781 1436 5 - - NN 21781 1436 6 omosternum omosternum JJ 21781 1436 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1436 8 o.st o.st NNP 21781 1436 9 . . . 21781 1436 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1437 1 and and CC 21781 1437 2 a a DT 21781 1437 3 post post JJ 21781 1437 4 - - JJ 21781 1437 5 omosternum omosternum JJ 21781 1437 6 , , , 21781 1437 7 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 1437 8 termed term VBD 21781 1437 9 a a DT 21781 1437 10 xiphisternum xiphisternum NN 21781 1437 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1437 12 x. x. NNP 21781 1437 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1437 14 . . . 21781 1438 1 Section section NN 21781 1438 2 15 15 CD 21781 1438 3 . . . 21781 1439 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1439 2 7 7 CD 21781 1439 3 shows show VBZ 21781 1439 4 the the DT 21781 1439 5 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1439 6 girdle girdle NN 21781 1439 7 and and CC 21781 1439 8 limb limb NN 21781 1439 9 of of IN 21781 1439 10 the the DT 21781 1439 11 frog frog NN 21781 1439 12 . . . 21781 1440 1 There there EX 21781 1440 2 is be VBZ 21781 1440 3 a a DT 21781 1440 4 femur femur NN 21781 1440 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1440 6 f. f. NNP 21781 1440 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1440 8 ; ; : 21781 1440 9 tibia tibia NNP 21781 1440 10 and and CC 21781 1440 11 fibula fibula NNP 21781 1440 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1440 13 t. t. NNP 21781 1440 14 and and CC 21781 1440 15 f. f. NNP 21781 1440 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1440 17 are be VBP 21781 1440 18 completely completely RB 21781 1440 19 fused fuse VBN 21781 1440 20 ; ; : 21781 1440 21 the the DT 21781 1440 22 proximal proximal JJ 21781 1440 23 bones bone NNS 21781 1440 24 of of IN 21781 1440 25 the the DT 21781 1440 26 tarsus tarsus NN 21781 1440 27 , , , 21781 1440 28 the the DT 21781 1440 29 astragalus astragalus NNP 21781 1440 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1440 31 as as IN 21781 1440 32 . . . 21781 1441 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1441 2 , , , 21781 1441 3 and and CC 21781 1441 4 calcaneum calcaneum NNP 21781 1441 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1441 6 cal cal NN 21781 1441 7 . . . 21781 1441 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1442 1 are be VBP 21781 1442 2 elongated elongate VBN 21781 1442 3 , , , 21781 1442 4 there there EX 21781 1442 5 are be VBP 21781 1442 6 five five CD 21781 1442 7 long long JJ 21781 1442 8 digits digit NNS 21781 1442 9 , , , 21781 1442 10 and and CC 21781 1442 11 in in IN 21781 1442 12 the the DT 21781 1442 13 calcar calcar NN 21781 1442 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1442 15 c. c. NNP 21781 1442 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1442 17 an an DT 21781 1442 18 indication indication NN 21781 1442 19 of of IN 21781 1442 20 a a DT 21781 1442 21 sixth sixth NN 21781 1442 22 . . . 21781 1443 1 With with IN 21781 1443 2 considerable considerable JJ 21781 1443 3 modifications modification NNS 21781 1443 4 of of IN 21781 1443 5 form form NN 21781 1443 6 , , , 21781 1443 7 the the DT 21781 1443 8 three three CD 21781 1443 9 leading lead VBG 21781 1443 10 constituents constituent NNS 21781 1443 11 of of IN 21781 1443 12 the the DT 21781 1443 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1443 14 's 's POS 21781 1443 15 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1443 16 girdle girdle NN 21781 1443 17 occur occur VB 21781 1443 18 in in IN 21781 1443 19 relatively relatively RB 21781 1443 20 identical identical JJ 21781 1443 21 positions position NNS 21781 1443 22 . . . 21781 1444 1 The the DT 21781 1444 2 greatly greatly RB 21781 1444 3 elongated elongate VBN 21781 1444 4 ilium ilium NN 21781 1444 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1444 6 il il NNP 21781 1444 7 . . . 21781 1444 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1445 1 articulates articulate NNS 21781 1445 2 with with IN 21781 1445 3 the the DT 21781 1445 4 single single JJ 21781 1445 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1445 6 compare compare VB 21781 1445 7 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1445 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1445 9 sacral sacral JJ 21781 1445 10 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 1445 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1445 12 s.v s.v NNP 21781 1445 13 . . . 21781 1446 1 in in IN 21781 1446 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1446 3 5 5 CD 21781 1446 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1446 5 . . . 21781 1447 1 The the DT 21781 1447 2 ischium ischium NN 21781 1447 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1447 4 is be VBZ 21781 1447 5 . . . 21781 1447 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1448 1 is be VBZ 21781 1448 2 relatively relatively RB 21781 1448 3 smaller small JJR 21781 1448 4 than than IN 21781 1448 5 in in IN 21781 1448 6 the the DT 21781 1448 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1448 8 , , , 21781 1448 9 and and CC 21781 1448 10 the the DT 21781 1448 11 pubis pubis NNP 21781 1448 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1448 13 pu pu NNP 21781 1448 14 . . . 21781 1448 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1449 1 is be VBZ 21781 1449 2 a a DT 21781 1449 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1449 4 wedge wedge NN 21781 1449 5 of of IN 21781 1449 6 unossified unossified JJ 21781 1449 7 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1449 8 . . . 21781 1450 1 The the DT 21781 1450 2 shape shape NN 21781 1450 3 of of IN 21781 1450 4 the the DT 21781 1450 5 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1450 6 girdle girdle NN 21781 1450 7 of of IN 21781 1450 8 the the DT 21781 1450 9 frog frog NN 21781 1450 10 is be VBZ 21781 1450 11 a a DT 21781 1450 12 wide wide JJ 21781 1450 13 departure departure NN 21781 1450 14 from from IN 21781 1450 15 that that DT 21781 1450 16 found find VBN 21781 1450 17 among among IN 21781 1450 18 related related JJ 21781 1450 19 forms form NNS 21781 1450 20 . . . 21781 1451 1 In in IN 21781 1451 2 connection connection NN 21781 1451 3 with with IN 21781 1451 4 the the DT 21781 1451 5 leaping leaping NN 21781 1451 6 habit habit NN 21781 1451 7 , , , 21781 1451 8 the the DT 21781 1451 9 ilia ilium NNS 21781 1451 10 are be VBP 21781 1451 11 greatly greatly RB 21781 1451 12 elongated elongate VBN 21781 1451 13 , , , 21781 1451 14 and and CC 21781 1451 15 the the DT 21781 1451 16 pubes pubis NNS 21781 1451 17 and and CC 21781 1451 18 ischia ischia NN 21781 1451 19 much much RB 21781 1451 20 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1451 21 . . . 21781 1452 1 Generally generally RB 21781 1452 2 throughout throughout IN 21781 1452 3 the the DT 21781 1452 4 air air NN 21781 1452 5 - - HYPH 21781 1452 6 frequenting frequent VBG 21781 1452 7 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1452 8 , , , 21781 1452 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1452 10 find find VBP 21781 1452 11 the the DT 21781 1452 12 same same JJ 21781 1452 13 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 1452 14 of of IN 21781 1452 15 these these DT 21781 1452 16 three three CD 21781 1452 17 bones bone NNS 21781 1452 18 , , , 21781 1452 19 usually usually RB 21781 1452 20 in in IN 21781 1452 21 the the DT 21781 1452 22 form form NN 21781 1452 23 of of IN 21781 1452 24 an an DT 21781 1452 25 inverted invert VBN 21781 1452 26 . . . 21781 1453 1 Y-- Y-- VBN 21781 1453 2 the the DT 21781 1453 3 ilium ilium NN 21781 1453 4 above above RB 21781 1453 5 , , , 21781 1453 6 the the DT 21781 1453 7 ischium ischium NN 21781 1453 8 and and CC 21781 1453 9 pubis pubi VBD 21781 1453 10 below below RB 21781 1453 11 , , , 21781 1453 12 and and CC 21781 1453 13 the the DT 21781 1453 14 acetabulum acetabulum NN 21781 1453 15 at at IN 21781 1453 16 the the DT 21781 1453 17 junction junction NN 21781 1453 18 of of IN 21781 1453 19 the the DT 21781 1453 20 three three CD 21781 1453 21 . . . 21781 1454 1 Section section NN 21781 1454 2 16 16 CD 21781 1454 3 . . . 21781 1455 1 The the DT 21781 1455 2 uro uro JJ 21781 1455 3 - - HYPH 21781 1455 4 genital genital JJ 21781 1455 5 organs organ NNS 21781 1455 6 of of IN 21781 1455 7 the the DT 21781 1455 8 frog frog NN 21781 1455 9 , , , 21781 1455 10 and and CC 21781 1455 11 especially especially RB 21781 1455 12 those those DT 21781 1455 13 of of IN 21781 1455 14 the the DT 21781 1455 15 male male NN 21781 1455 16 , , , 21781 1455 17 correspond correspond VB 21781 1455 18 with with IN 21781 1455 19 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 1455 20 stages stage NNS 21781 1455 21 of of IN 21781 1455 22 the the DT 21781 1455 23 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1455 24 . . . 21781 1456 1 In in IN 21781 1456 2 this this DT 21781 1456 3 sex sex NN 21781 1456 4 the the DT 21781 1456 5 testes testis NNS 21781 1456 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1456 7 T. t. NN 21781 1456 8 , , , 21781 1456 9 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1456 10 13 13 CD 21781 1456 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1456 12 lie lie VBP 21781 1456 13 in in IN 21781 1456 14 the the DT 21781 1456 15 body body NN 21781 1456 16 cavity cavity NN 21781 1456 17 , , , 21781 1456 18 and and CC 21781 1456 19 are be VBP 21781 1456 20 white white JJ 21781 1456 21 bodies body NNS 21781 1456 22 usually usually RB 21781 1456 23 dappled dapple VBN 21781 1456 24 with with IN 21781 1456 25 black black JJ 21781 1456 26 pigment pigment NN 21781 1456 27 . . . 21781 1457 1 Vasa Vasa NNP 21781 1457 2 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 1457 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1457 4 v.e v.e NNP 21781 1457 5 . . NNP 21781 1457 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1458 1 run run VB 21781 1458 2 to to IN 21781 1458 3 the the DT 21781 1458 4 internal internal JJ 21781 1458 5 border border NN 21781 1458 6 of of IN 21781 1458 7 the the DT 21781 1458 8 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1458 9 part part NN 21781 1458 10 of of IN 21781 1458 11 the the DT 21781 1458 12 kidney kidney NN 21781 1458 13 , , , 21781 1458 14 which which WDT 21781 1458 15 answers answer VBZ 21781 1458 16 , , , 21781 1458 17 therefore therefore RB 21781 1458 18 , , , 21781 1458 19 to to IN 21781 1458 20 the the DT 21781 1458 21 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1458 22 's 's POS 21781 1458 23 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 1458 24 . . . 21781 1459 1 The the DT 21781 1459 2 hinder hinder NN 21781 1459 3 part part NN 21781 1459 4 of of IN 21781 1459 5 the the DT 21781 1459 6 kidney kidney NN 21781 1459 7 is be VBZ 21781 1459 8 the the DT 21781 1459 9 predominant predominant JJ 21781 1459 10 renal renal JJ 21781 1459 11 organ organ NN 21781 1459 12 . . . 21781 1460 1 There there EX 21781 1460 2 is be VBZ 21781 1460 3 a a DT 21781 1460 4 common common JJ 21781 1460 5 uro uro NN 21781 1460 6 - - HYPH 21781 1460 7 genital genital JJ 21781 1460 8 duct duct NN 21781 1460 9 , , , 21781 1460 10 into into IN 21781 1460 11 which which WDT 21781 1460 12 a a DT 21781 1460 13 seminal seminal JJ 21781 1460 14 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 1460 15 , , , 21781 1460 16 which which WDT 21781 1460 17 is be VBZ 21781 1460 18 especially especially RB 21781 1460 19 large large JJ 21781 1460 20 in in IN 21781 1460 21 early early JJ 21781 1460 22 spring spring NN 21781 1460 23 , , , 21781 1460 24 opens open VBZ 21781 1460 25 . . . 21781 1461 1 This this DT 21781 1461 2 is be VBZ 21781 1461 3 the the DT 21781 1461 4 permanent permanent JJ 21781 1461 5 condition condition NN 21781 1461 6 of of IN 21781 1461 7 the the DT 21781 1461 8 frog frog NN 21781 1461 9 . . . 21781 1462 1 In in IN 21781 1462 2 the the DT 21781 1462 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1462 4 , , , 21781 1462 5 for for IN 21781 1462 6 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 1462 7 duct duct NN 21781 1462 8 , , , 21781 1462 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1462 10 have have VBP 21781 1462 11 ureter ureter NN 21781 1462 12 and and CC 21781 1462 13 vas vas JJ 21781 1462 14 deferens deferen NNS 21781 1462 15 ; ; : 21781 1462 16 the the DT 21781 1462 17 testes testis NNS 21781 1462 18 and and CC 21781 1462 19 that that IN 21781 1462 20 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1462 21 part part NN 21781 1462 22 of of IN 21781 1462 23 the the DT 21781 1462 24 primitive primitive JJ 21781 1462 25 kidney kidney NN 21781 1462 26 , , , 21781 1462 27 the the DT 21781 1462 28 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 1462 29 , , , 21781 1462 30 shift shift VB 21781 1462 31 back back RB 21781 1462 32 into into IN 21781 1462 33 the the DT 21781 1462 34 scrotal scrotal JJ 21781 1462 35 sacs sacs NN 21781 1462 36 , , , 21781 1462 37 and and CC 21781 1462 38 the the DT 21781 1462 39 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1462 40 shift shift VBP 21781 1462 41 round round IN 21781 1462 42 the the DT 21781 1462 43 rectum rectum NN 21781 1462 44 and and CC 21781 1462 45 establish establish VB 21781 1462 46 a a DT 21781 1462 47 direct direct JJ 21781 1462 48 connection connection NN 21781 1462 49 with with IN 21781 1462 50 the the DT 21781 1462 51 bladder bladder NN 21781 1462 52 , , , 21781 1462 53 carrying carry VBG 21781 1462 54 the the DT 21781 1462 55 genital genital JJ 21781 1462 56 ducts duct NNS 21781 1462 57 looped loop VBN 21781 1462 58 over over IN 21781 1462 59 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1462 60 . . . 21781 1463 1 The the DT 21781 1463 2 oviducts oviduct NNS 21781 1463 3 of of IN 21781 1463 4 the the DT 21781 1463 5 female female NN 21781 1463 6 do do VBP 21781 1463 7 not not RB 21781 1463 8 fuse fuse VB 21781 1463 9 distally distally RB 21781 1463 10 to to TO 21781 1463 11 form form VB 21781 1463 12 a a DT 21781 1463 13 median median JJ 21781 1463 14 vagina vagina NN 21781 1463 15 as as IN 21781 1463 16 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1463 17 do do VBP 21781 1463 18 in in IN 21781 1463 19 the the DT 21781 1463 20 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1463 21 . . . 21781 1464 1 In in IN 21781 1464 2 front front NN 21781 1464 3 of of IN 21781 1464 4 the the DT 21781 1464 5 genital genital JJ 21781 1464 6 organ organ NN 21781 1464 7 in in IN 21781 1464 8 both both DT 21781 1464 9 sexes sex NNS 21781 1464 10 is be VBZ 21781 1464 11 a a DT 21781 1464 12 corpus corpus NN 21781 1464 13 adiposum adiposum NN 21781 1464 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1464 15 c.ad c.ad NNP 21781 1464 16 . . . 21781 1465 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1465 2 , , , 21781 1465 3 which which WDT 21781 1465 4 acts act VBZ 21781 1465 5 as as IN 21781 1465 6 a a DT 21781 1465 7 fat fat JJ 21781 1465 8 store store NN 21781 1465 9 , , , 21781 1465 10 and and CC 21781 1465 11 is be VBZ 21781 1465 12 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 1465 13 to to IN 21781 1465 14 the the DT 21781 1465 15 frogs frog NNS 21781 1465 16 and and CC 21781 1465 17 toads toad NNS 21781 1465 18 . . . 21781 1466 1 The the DT 21781 1466 2 distal distal JJ 21781 1466 3 end end NN 21781 1466 4 of of IN 21781 1466 5 the the DT 21781 1466 6 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 1466 7 of of IN 21781 1466 8 the the DT 21781 1466 9 female female NN 21781 1466 10 is be VBZ 21781 1466 11 in in IN 21781 1466 12 the the DT 21781 1466 13 breeding breeding NN 21781 1466 14 season season NN 21781 1466 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1466 16 early early JJ 21781 1466 17 March March NNP 21781 1466 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1466 19 enormously enormously RB 21781 1466 20 distended distend VBD 21781 1466 21 with with IN 21781 1466 22 ova ova NNP 21781 1466 23 , , , 21781 1466 24 and and CC 21781 1466 25 the the DT 21781 1466 26 ovaries ovary NNS 21781 1466 27 become become VBP 21781 1466 28 then then RB 21781 1466 29 the the DT 21781 1466 30 mere mere JJ 21781 1466 31 vestiges vestige NNS 21781 1466 32 of of IN 21781 1466 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1466 34 former former JJ 21781 1466 35 selves self NNS 21781 1466 36 . . . 21781 1467 1 The the DT 21781 1467 2 distal distal JJ 21781 1467 3 end end NN 21781 1467 4 of of IN 21781 1467 5 the the DT 21781 1467 6 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 1467 7 is be VBZ 21781 1467 8 , , , 21781 1467 9 therefore therefore RB 21781 1467 10 , , , 21781 1467 11 not not RB 21781 1467 12 unfrequently unfrequently RB 21781 1467 13 styled style VBD 21781 1467 14 the the DT 21781 1467 15 uterus uterus NN 21781 1467 16 . . . 21781 1468 1 There there EX 21781 1468 2 is be VBZ 21781 1468 3 no no DT 21781 1468 4 penis penis NN 21781 1468 5 in in IN 21781 1468 6 the the DT 21781 1468 7 male male NN 21781 1468 8 , , , 21781 1468 9 fertilisation fertilisation NN 21781 1468 10 of of IN 21781 1468 11 the the DT 21781 1468 12 ova ova NNP 21781 1468 13 occurring occur VBG 21781 1468 14 as as IN 21781 1468 15 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1468 16 are be VBP 21781 1468 17 squeezed squeeze VBN 21781 1468 18 out out IN 21781 1468 19 of of IN 21781 1468 20 the the DT 21781 1468 21 female female NN 21781 1468 22 by by IN 21781 1468 23 the the DT 21781 1468 24 embracing embrace VBG 21781 1468 25 fore fore NN 21781 1468 26 limbs limb NNS 21781 1468 27 of of IN 21781 1468 28 the the DT 21781 1468 29 male male NN 21781 1468 30 . . . 21781 1469 1 The the DT 21781 1469 2 male male NN 21781 1469 3 has have VBZ 21781 1469 4 a a DT 21781 1469 5 pad pad NN 21781 1469 6 , , , 21781 1469 7 black black JJ 21781 1469 8 in in IN 21781 1469 9 winter winter NN 21781 1469 10 , , , 21781 1469 11 shown show VBN 21781 1469 12 in in IN 21781 1469 13 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1469 14 1 1 CD 21781 1469 15 , , , 21781 1469 16 which which WDT 21781 1469 17 is be VBZ 21781 1469 18 closely closely RB 21781 1469 19 pressed press VBN 21781 1469 20 against against IN 21781 1469 21 the the DT 21781 1469 22 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1469 23 surface surface NN 21781 1469 24 of of IN 21781 1469 25 the the DT 21781 1469 26 female female NN 21781 1469 27 in in IN 21781 1469 28 copulation copulation NN 21781 1469 29 , , , 21781 1469 30 and and CC 21781 1469 31 which which WDT 21781 1469 32 serves serve VBZ 21781 1469 33 as as IN 21781 1469 34 a a DT 21781 1469 35 ready ready JJ 21781 1469 36 means mean NNS 21781 1469 37 of of IN 21781 1469 38 distinguishing distinguish VBG 21781 1469 39 the the DT 21781 1469 40 sex sex NN 21781 1469 41 . . . 21781 1470 1 Section section NN 21781 1470 2 17 17 CD 21781 1470 3 . . . 21781 1471 1 The the DT 21781 1471 2 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1471 3 cord cord NN 21781 1471 4 has have VBZ 21781 1471 5 a a DT 21781 1471 6 general general JJ 21781 1471 7 similarity similarity NN 21781 1471 8 to to IN 21781 1471 9 that that DT 21781 1471 10 of of IN 21781 1471 11 the the DT 21781 1471 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1471 13 ; ; : 21781 1471 14 the the DT 21781 1471 15 ratio ratio NN 21781 1471 16 of of IN 21781 1471 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1471 18 size size NN 21781 1471 19 to to IN 21781 1471 20 that that DT 21781 1471 21 of of IN 21781 1471 22 the the DT 21781 1471 23 brain brain NN 21781 1471 24 is be VBZ 21781 1471 25 larger large JJR 21781 1471 26 , , , 21781 1471 27 and and CC 21781 1471 28 the the DT 21781 1471 29 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1471 30 number number NN 21781 1471 31 ten ten CD 21781 1471 32 pairs pair NNS 21781 1471 33 altogether altogether RB 21781 1471 34 . . . 21781 1472 1 The the DT 21781 1472 2 first first JJ 21781 1472 3 of of IN 21781 1472 4 these these DT 21781 1472 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1472 6 sp sp NNP 21781 1472 7 . . . 21781 1473 1 1 1 LS 21781 1473 2 , , , 21781 1473 3 in in IN 21781 1473 4 Figure figure NN 21781 1473 5 2 2 CD 21781 1473 6 , , , 21781 1473 7 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1473 8 -12- -12- : 21781 1473 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1473 10 { { -LRB- 21781 1473 11 First First NNP 21781 1473 12 Edition Edition NNP 21781 1473 13 error error NN 21781 1473 14 . . . 21781 1473 15 } } -RRB- 21781 1474 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1474 2 13 13 CD 21781 1474 3 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1474 4 corresponds correspond VBZ 21781 1474 5 in in IN 21781 1474 6 distribution distribution NN 21781 1474 7 with with IN 21781 1474 8 the the DT 21781 1474 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1474 10 's 's POS 21781 1474 11 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 1474 12 nerve nerve NN 21781 1474 13 , , , 21781 1474 14 a a DT 21781 1474 15 point point NN 21781 1474 16 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1474 17 shall shall MD 21781 1474 18 refer refer VB 21781 1474 19 to to IN 21781 1474 20 again again RB 21781 1474 21 when when WRB 21781 1474 22 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1474 23 speak speak VBP 21781 1474 24 of of IN 21781 1474 25 the the DT 21781 1474 26 skull skull NN 21781 1474 27 . . . 21781 1475 1 The the DT 21781 1475 2 second second JJ 21781 1475 3 and and CC 21781 1475 4 third third JJ 21781 1475 5 constitute constitute VB 21781 1475 6 the the DT 21781 1475 7 brachial brachial JJ 21781 1475 8 plexus plexus NN 21781 1475 9 . . . 21781 1476 1 The the DT 21781 1476 2 last last JJ 21781 1476 3 three three CD 21781 1476 4 form form NN 21781 1476 5 the the DT 21781 1476 6 sciatic sciatic JJ 21781 1476 7 plexus plexus NN 21781 1476 8 going go VBG 21781 1476 9 to to IN 21781 1476 10 the the DT 21781 1476 11 hind hind NN 21781 1476 12 limb limb NN 21781 1476 13 . . . 21781 1477 1 Section section NN 21781 1477 2 18 18 CD 21781 1477 3 . . . 21781 1478 1 The the DT 21781 1478 2 same same JJ 21781 1478 3 essential essential JJ 21781 1478 4 parts part NNS 21781 1478 5 are be VBP 21781 1478 6 to to TO 21781 1478 7 be be VB 21781 1478 8 found find VBN 21781 1478 9 in in IN 21781 1478 10 the the DT 21781 1478 11 brain brain NN 21781 1478 12 of of IN 21781 1478 13 both both DT 21781 1478 14 frog frog NN 21781 1478 15 and and CC 21781 1478 16 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1478 17 , , , 21781 1478 18 but but CC 21781 1478 19 in in IN 21781 1478 20 the the DT 21781 1478 21 former former JJ 21781 1478 22 the the DT 21781 1478 23 adult adult NN 21781 1478 24 is be VBZ 21781 1478 25 not not RB 21781 1478 26 so so RB 21781 1478 27 widely widely RB 21781 1478 28 modified modify VBN 21781 1478 29 from from IN 21781 1478 30 the the DT 21781 1478 31 primitive primitive JJ 21781 1478 32 condition condition NN 21781 1478 33 as as IN 21781 1478 34 in in IN 21781 1478 35 the the DT 21781 1478 36 latter latter NN 21781 1478 37 . . . 21781 1479 1 The the DT 21781 1479 2 fore fore JJ 21781 1479 3 - - HYPH 21781 1479 4 brain brain NN 21781 1479 5 consists consist VBZ 21781 1479 6 of of IN 21781 1479 7 a a DT 21781 1479 8 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NN 21781 1479 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1479 10 th.c th.c NN 21781 1479 11 . . . 21781 1480 1 and and CC 21781 1480 2 1 1 CD 21781 1480 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1480 4 , , , 21781 1480 5 which which WDT 21781 1480 6 is be VBZ 21781 1480 7 exposed expose VBN 21781 1480 8 in in IN 21781 1480 9 the the DT 21781 1480 10 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1480 11 view view NN 21781 1480 12 of of IN 21781 1480 13 the the DT 21781 1480 14 brain brain NN 21781 1480 15 , , , 21781 1480 16 and and CC 21781 1480 17 which which WDT 21781 1480 18 has have VBZ 21781 1480 19 no no DT 21781 1480 20 middle middle JJ 21781 1480 21 commissure commissure NN 21781 1480 22 . . . 21781 1481 1 The the DT 21781 1481 2 cerebral cerebral JJ 21781 1481 3 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 1481 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1481 5 c.h c.h NNP 21781 1481 6 . . . 21781 1481 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1482 1 are be VBP 21781 1482 2 not not RB 21781 1482 3 convoluted convoluted JJ 21781 1482 4 , , , 21781 1482 5 do do VB 21781 1482 6 not not RB 21781 1482 7 extend extend VB 21781 1482 8 back back RB 21781 1482 9 to to TO 21781 1482 10 cover cover VB 21781 1482 11 parts part NNS 21781 1482 12 behind behind IN 21781 1482 13 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1482 14 , , , 21781 1482 15 as as IN 21781 1482 16 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1482 17 do do VBP 21781 1482 18 in in IN 21781 1482 19 the the DT 21781 1482 20 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1482 21 , , , 21781 1482 22 and and CC 21781 1482 23 are be VBP 21781 1482 24 not not RB 21781 1482 25 connected connect VBN 21781 1482 26 above above IN 21781 1482 27 the the DT 21781 1482 28 roof roof NN 21781 1482 29 of of IN 21781 1482 30 the the DT 21781 1482 31 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NN 21781 1482 32 by by IN 21781 1482 33 a a DT 21781 1482 34 corpus corpus NNP 21781 1482 35 callosum callosum NN 21781 1482 36 . . . 21781 1483 1 Moreover moreover RB 21781 1483 2 , , , 21781 1483 3 the the DT 21781 1483 4 parts part NNS 21781 1483 5 usually usually RB 21781 1483 6 regarded regard VBD 21781 1483 7 , , , 21781 1483 8 as as IN 21781 1483 9 the the DT 21781 1483 10 olfactory olfactory NN 21781 1483 11 lobes lob VBZ 21781 1483 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1483 13 rh rh NNP 21781 1483 14 . . . 21781 1483 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1484 1 fuse fuse NN 21781 1484 2 in in IN 21781 1484 3 the the DT 21781 1484 4 middle middle JJ 21781 1484 5 line line NN 21781 1484 6 . . . 21781 1485 1 The the DT 21781 1485 2 mid mid JJ 21781 1485 3 - - JJ 21781 1485 4 brain brain NN 21781 1485 5 gives give VBZ 21781 1485 6 rise rise NN 21781 1485 7 to to IN 21781 1485 8 the the DT 21781 1485 9 third third JJ 21781 1485 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 1485 11 , , , 21781 1485 12 and and CC 21781 1485 13 has have VBZ 21781 1485 14 the the DT 21781 1485 15 optic optic JJ 21781 1485 16 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1485 17 on on IN 21781 1485 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1485 19 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1485 20 side side NN 21781 1485 21 , , , 21781 1485 22 but but CC 21781 1485 23 these these DT 21781 1485 24 are be VBP 21781 1485 25 hollow hollow JJ 21781 1485 26 , , , 21781 1485 27 and and CC 21781 1485 28 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1485 29 are be VBP 21781 1485 30 not not RB 21781 1485 31 subdivided subdivide VBN 21781 1485 32 by by IN 21781 1485 33 a a DT 21781 1485 34 transverse transverse JJ 21781 1485 35 groove groove NN 21781 1485 36 into into IN 21781 1485 37 corpora corpora NNP 21781 1485 38 quadrigemina quadrigemina NNP 21781 1485 39 , , , 21781 1485 40 as as IN 21781 1485 41 in in IN 21781 1485 42 the the DT 21781 1485 43 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1485 44 . . . 21781 1486 1 In in IN 21781 1486 2 the the DT 21781 1486 3 hind hind NN 21781 1486 4 - - HYPH 21781 1486 5 brain brain NN 21781 1486 6 the the DT 21781 1486 7 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 1486 8 is be VBZ 21781 1486 9 a a DT 21781 1486 10 mere mere JJ 21781 1486 11 band band NN 21781 1486 12 of of IN 21781 1486 13 tissue tissue NN 21781 1486 14 without without IN 21781 1486 15 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1486 16 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1486 17 or or CC 21781 1486 18 flocculi flocculi NNP 21781 1486 19 , , , 21781 1486 20 and and CC 21781 1486 21 the the DT 21781 1486 22 medulla medulla NN 21781 1486 23 gives give VBZ 21781 1486 24 origin origin NN 21781 1486 25 only only RB 21781 1486 26 to to IN 21781 1486 27 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1486 28 four four CD 21781 1486 29 to to IN 21781 1486 30 ten ten CD 21781 1486 31 ; ; : 21781 1486 32 there there EX 21781 1486 33 is be VBZ 21781 1486 34 no no DT 21781 1486 35 eleventh eleventh JJ 21781 1486 36 nerve nerve NN 21781 1486 37 , , , 21781 1486 38 and and CC 21781 1486 39 the the DT 21781 1486 40 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 1486 41 is be VBZ 21781 1486 42 the the DT 21781 1486 43 first first JJ 21781 1486 44 spinal-- spinal-- NNP 21781 1486 45 from from IN 21781 1486 46 which which WDT 21781 1486 47 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1486 48 has have VBZ 21781 1486 49 been be VBN 21781 1486 50 assumed assume VBN 21781 1486 51 that that IN 21781 1486 52 the the DT 21781 1486 53 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1486 54 's 's POS 21781 1486 55 medulla medulla NN 21781 1486 56 equals equal VBZ 21781 1486 57 that that DT 21781 1486 58 of of IN 21781 1486 59 the the DT 21781 1486 60 frog frog NN 21781 1486 61 , , , 21781 1486 62 plus plus CC 21781 1486 63 a a DT 21781 1486 64 portion portion NN 21781 1486 65 of of IN 21781 1486 66 the the DT 21781 1486 67 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1486 68 cord cord NN 21781 1486 69 incorporated incorporate VBN 21781 1486 70 with with IN 21781 1486 71 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1486 72 . . . 21781 1487 1 The the DT 21781 1487 2 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 1487 3 is be VBZ 21781 1487 4 very very RB 21781 1487 5 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1487 6 seen see VBN 21781 1487 7 on on IN 21781 1487 8 opening open VBG 21781 1487 9 the the DT 21781 1487 10 skin skin NN 21781 1487 11 beneath beneath IN 21781 1487 12 the the DT 21781 1487 13 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1487 14 plate plate NN 21781 1487 15 . . . 21781 1488 1 Section section NN 21781 1488 2 19 19 CD 21781 1488 3 . . . 21781 1489 1 The the DT 21781 1489 2 first first JJ 21781 1489 3 , , , 21781 1489 4 second second JJ 21781 1489 5 , , , 21781 1489 6 third third JJ 21781 1489 7 , , , 21781 1489 8 and and CC 21781 1489 9 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1489 10 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1489 11 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1489 12 of of IN 21781 1489 13 the the DT 21781 1489 14 frog frog NNP 21781 1489 15 correspond correspond NN 21781 1489 16 with with IN 21781 1489 17 those those DT 21781 1489 18 of of IN 21781 1489 19 the the DT 21781 1489 20 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1489 21 in in IN 21781 1489 22 origin origin NN 21781 1489 23 and and CC 21781 1489 24 distribution distribution NN 21781 1489 25 . . . 21781 1490 1 So so RB 21781 1490 2 do do VB 21781 1490 3 five five CD 21781 1490 4 , , , 21781 1490 5 six six CD 21781 1490 6 and and CC 21781 1490 7 eight eight CD 21781 1490 8 . . . 21781 1491 1 The the DT 21781 1491 2 seventh seventh JJ 21781 1491 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1491 4 forks fork NNS 21781 1491 5 over over IN 21781 1491 6 the the DT 21781 1491 7 ear ear NN 21781 1491 8 - - : 21781 1491 9 drum-- drum-- VB 21781 1491 10 the the DT 21781 1491 11 larger large JJR 21781 1491 12 branch branch NN 21781 1491 13 emerging emerge VBG 21781 1491 14 behind behind IN 21781 1491 15 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1491 16 and and CC 21781 1491 17 running run VBG 21781 1491 18 superficially superficially RB 21781 1491 19 , , , 21781 1491 20 as as IN 21781 1491 21 shown show VBN 21781 1491 22 in in IN 21781 1491 23 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1491 24 4 4 CD 21781 1491 25 . . . 21781 1492 1 There there EX 21781 1492 2 is be VBZ 21781 1492 3 also also RB 21781 1492 4 a a DT 21781 1492 5 deeper deep JJR 21781 1492 6 palatine palatine JJ 21781 1492 7 branch branch NN 21781 1492 8 of of IN 21781 1492 9 VII VII NNP 21781 1492 10 . . . 21781 1493 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1493 2 P. p. NN 21781 1493 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1493 4 running run VBG 21781 1493 5 under under IN 21781 1493 6 V2 v2 NN 21781 1493 7 and and CC 21781 1493 8 V3 v3 NN 21781 1493 9 below below IN 21781 1493 10 the the DT 21781 1493 11 orbit orbit NN 21781 1493 12 , , , 21781 1493 13 and and CC 21781 1493 14 to to TO 21781 1493 15 be be VB 21781 1493 16 seen see VBN 21781 1493 17 together together RB 21781 1493 18 with with IN 21781 1493 19 V1 V1 NNP 21781 1493 20 and and CC 21781 1493 21 V2 V2 NNP 21781 1493 22 after after IN 21781 1493 23 removal removal NN 21781 1493 24 of of IN 21781 1493 25 the the DT 21781 1493 26 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 1493 27 . . . 21781 1494 1 The the DT 21781 1494 2 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1494 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1494 4 similarly similarly RB 21781 1494 5 forks fork NNS 21781 1494 6 over over IN 21781 1494 7 the the DT 21781 1494 8 first first JJ 21781 1494 9 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1494 10 slit slit NN 21781 1494 11 of of IN 21781 1494 12 the the DT 21781 1494 13 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1494 14 , , , 21781 1494 15 and and CC 21781 1494 16 evidence evidence NN 21781 1494 17 of of IN 21781 1494 18 the the DT 21781 1494 19 fork fork NN 21781 1494 20 remains remain VBZ 21781 1494 21 in in IN 21781 1494 22 the the DT 21781 1494 23 frog frog NN 21781 1494 24 . . . 21781 1495 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1495 2 is be VBZ 21781 1495 3 seen see VBN 21781 1495 4 curving curve VBG 21781 1495 5 round round JJ 21781 1495 6 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1495 7 to to IN 21781 1495 8 the the DT 21781 1495 9 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 1495 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 1495 11 , , , 21781 1495 12 and and CC 21781 1495 13 lying lie VBG 21781 1495 14 rather rather RB 21781 1495 15 deeper deep JJR 21781 1495 16 in in IN 21781 1495 17 dissection dissection NN 21781 1495 18 . . . 21781 1496 1 The the DT 21781 1496 2 vagus vagus NN 21781 1496 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1496 4 tenth tenth NN 21781 1496 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1496 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1496 7 is be VBZ 21781 1496 8 distributed distribute VBN 21781 1496 9 to to IN 21781 1496 10 heart heart NN 21781 1496 11 , , , 21781 1496 12 lungs lung NNS 21781 1496 13 , , , 21781 1496 14 and and CC 21781 1496 15 viscera-- viscera-- RB 21781 1496 16 in in IN 21781 1496 17 the the DT 21781 1496 18 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1496 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1496 20 also also RB 21781 1496 21 sends send VBZ 21781 1496 22 for for IN 21781 1496 23 forking fork VBG 21781 1496 24 branches branch NNS 21781 1496 25 over over IN 21781 1496 26 the the DT 21781 1496 27 second second JJ 21781 1496 28 , , , 21781 1496 29 third third JJ 21781 1496 30 , , , 21781 1496 31 and and CC 21781 1496 32 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1496 33 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1496 34 slits slit NNS 21781 1496 35 . . . 21781 1497 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1497 2 lies lie VBZ 21781 1497 3 deeper deep JJR 21781 1497 4 than than IN 21781 1497 5 IX IX NNP 21781 1497 6 . . . 21781 1497 7 , , , 21781 1497 8 and and CC 21781 1497 9 internal internal JJ 21781 1497 10 to to IN 21781 1497 11 the the DT 21781 1497 12 veins vein NNS 21781 1497 13 , , , 21781 1497 14 and and CC 21781 1497 15 runs run VBZ 21781 1497 16 close close RB 21781 1497 17 beside beside IN 21781 1497 18 the the DT 21781 1497 19 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 1497 20 artery artery NN 21781 1497 21 . . . 21781 1498 1 Most Most JJS 21781 1498 2 of of IN 21781 1498 3 these these DT 21781 1498 4 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1498 5 are be VBP 21781 1498 6 easily easily RB 21781 1498 7 dissected dissect VBN 21781 1498 8 and and CC 21781 1498 9 no no DT 21781 1498 10 student student NN 21781 1498 11 should should MD 21781 1498 12 rest rest VB 21781 1498 13 satisfied satisfied JJ 21781 1498 14 until until IN 21781 1498 15 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1498 16 has have VBZ 21781 1498 17 actually actually RB 21781 1498 18 seen see VBN 21781 1498 19 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1498 20 . . . 21781 1499 1 Section section NN 21781 1499 2 20 20 CD 21781 1499 3 . . . 21781 1500 1 The the DT 21781 1500 2 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1500 3 chain chain NN 21781 1500 4 is be VBZ 21781 1500 5 closely closely RB 21781 1500 6 connected connect VBN 21781 1500 7 with with IN 21781 1500 8 the the DT 21781 1500 9 aorta aorta NN 21781 1500 10 . . . 21781 1501 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1501 2 is be VBZ 21781 1501 3 , , , 21781 1501 4 of of IN 21781 1501 5 course course NN 21781 1501 6 , , , 21781 1501 7 paired pair VBN 21781 1501 8 , , , 21781 1501 9 and and CC 21781 1501 10 is be VBZ 21781 1501 11 easily easily RB 21781 1501 12 found find VBN 21781 1501 13 in in IN 21781 1501 14 dissection dissection NN 21781 1501 15 by by IN 21781 1501 16 lifting lift VBG 21781 1501 17 the the DT 21781 1501 18 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1501 19 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1501 20 and and CC 21781 1501 21 looking look VBG 21781 1501 22 at at IN 21781 1501 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1501 24 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 1501 25 . . . 21781 1502 1 In in IN 21781 1502 2 the the DT 21781 1502 3 presence presence NN 21781 1502 4 of of IN 21781 1502 5 ganglia ganglia NNP 21781 1502 6 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1502 7 to to IN 21781 1502 8 the the DT 21781 1502 9 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1502 10 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1502 11 , , , 21781 1502 12 and and CC 21781 1502 13 of of IN 21781 1502 14 rami rami NN 21781 1502 15 communicantes communicante NNS 21781 1502 16 , , , 21781 1502 17 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1502 18 resembles resemble VBZ 21781 1502 19 that that DT 21781 1502 20 of of IN 21781 1502 21 the the DT 21781 1502 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1502 23 . . . 21781 1503 1 Section section NN 21781 1503 2 21 21 CD 21781 1503 3 . . . 21781 1504 1 The the DT 21781 1504 2 whole whole NN 21781 1504 3 of of IN 21781 1504 4 this this DT 21781 1504 5 chapter chapter NN 21781 1504 6 is be VBZ 21781 1504 7 simply simply RB 21781 1504 8 a a DT 21781 1504 9 concise concise JJ 21781 1504 10 comparison comparison NN 21781 1504 11 , , , 21781 1504 12 of of IN 21781 1504 13 frog frog NN 21781 1504 14 and and CC 21781 1504 15 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1504 16 . . . 21781 1505 1 In in IN 21781 1505 2 addition addition NN 21781 1505 3 to to IN 21781 1505 4 reading read VBG 21781 1505 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1505 6 , , , 21781 1505 7 the the DT 21781 1505 8 student student NN 21781 1505 9 should should MD 21781 1505 10 very very RB 21781 1505 11 carefully carefully RB 21781 1505 12 follow follow VB 21781 1505 13 the the DT 21781 1505 14 annotations annotation NNS 21781 1505 15 to to IN 21781 1505 16 the the DT 21781 1505 17 figures figure NNS 21781 1505 18 , , , 21781 1505 19 and and CC 21781 1505 20 should should MD 21781 1505 21 copy copy VB 21781 1505 22 and and CC 21781 1505 23 recopy recopy VB 21781 1505 24 these these DT 21781 1505 25 side side NN 21781 1505 26 by by IN 21781 1505 27 side side NN 21781 1505 28 with with IN 21781 1505 29 the the DT 21781 1505 30 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1505 31 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1505 32 of of IN 21781 1505 33 the the DT 21781 1505 34 other other JJ 21781 1505 35 types type NNS 21781 1505 36 . . . 21781 1506 1 2 2 LS 21781 1506 2 . . . 21781 1507 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1507 2 The the DT 21781 1507 3 Skull Skull NNP 21781 1507 4 of of IN 21781 1507 5 the the DT 21781 1507 6 Frog Frog NNP 21781 1507 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1507 8 and and CC 21781 1507 9 the the DT 21781 1507 10 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1507 11 skull skull NN 21781 1507 12 generally generally RB 21781 1507 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1507 14 _ _ NNP 21781 1507 15 Section Section NNP 21781 1507 16 22 22 CD 21781 1507 17 . . . 21781 1508 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1508 2 have have VBP 21781 1508 3 already already RB 21781 1508 4 given give VBN 21781 1508 5 a a DT 21781 1508 6 description description NN 21781 1508 7 of of IN 21781 1508 8 the the DT 21781 1508 9 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1508 10 skull skull NNP 21781 1508 11 , , , 21781 1508 12 and and CC 21781 1508 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1508 14 have have VBP 21781 1508 15 stated state VBN 21781 1508 16 where where WRB 21781 1508 17 the the DT 21781 1508 18 origin origin NN 21781 1508 19 of of IN 21781 1508 20 the the DT 21781 1508 21 several several JJ 21781 1508 22 bones bone NNS 21781 1508 23 was be VBD 21781 1508 24 in in IN 21781 1508 25 membrane membrane NN 21781 1508 26 , , , 21781 1508 27 and and CC 21781 1508 28 where where WRB 21781 1508 29 in in IN 21781 1508 30 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1508 31 ; ; : 21781 1508 32 but but CC 21781 1508 33 a a DT 21781 1508 34 more more RBR 21781 1508 35 complete complete JJ 21781 1508 36 comprehension comprehension NN 21781 1508 37 of of IN 21781 1508 38 the the DT 21781 1508 39 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1508 40 skull skull NNP 21781 1508 41 becomes become VBZ 21781 1508 42 possible possible JJ 21781 1508 43 with with IN 21781 1508 44 the the DT 21781 1508 45 handling handling NN 21781 1508 46 of of IN 21781 1508 47 a a DT 21781 1508 48 lower low JJR 21781 1508 49 type type NN 21781 1508 50 . . . 21781 1509 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1509 2 propose propose VBP 21781 1509 3 now now RB 21781 1509 4 , , , 21781 1509 5 first first RB 21781 1509 6 to to TO 21781 1509 7 give give VB 21781 1509 8 some some DT 21781 1509 9 short short JJ 21781 1509 10 account account NN 21781 1509 11 of of IN 21781 1509 12 the the DT 21781 1509 13 development development NN 21781 1509 14 and and CC 21781 1509 15 structure structure NN 21781 1509 16 of of IN 21781 1509 17 the the DT 21781 1509 18 skull skull NN 21781 1509 19 of of IN 21781 1509 20 the the DT 21781 1509 21 frog frog NN 21781 1509 22 , , , 21781 1509 23 and and CC 21781 1509 24 then then RB 21781 1509 25 to to TO 21781 1509 26 show show VB 21781 1509 27 briefly briefly RB 21781 1509 28 how how WRB 21781 1509 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1509 30 development development NN 21781 1509 31 and and CC 21781 1509 32 adult adult NN 21781 1509 33 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 1509 34 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 21781 1509 35 the the DT 21781 1509 36 mammalian mammalian NNP 21781 1509 37 skull skull NNP 21781 1509 38 to to TO 21781 1509 39 be be VB 21781 1509 40 a a DT 21781 1509 41 fundamentally fundamentally RB 21781 1509 42 similar similar JJ 21781 1509 43 structure structure NN 21781 1509 44 , , , 21781 1509 45 complicated complicate VBN 21781 1509 46 and and CC 21781 1509 47 disguised disguise VBN 21781 1509 48 by by IN 21781 1509 49 further further JJ 21781 1509 50 development development NN 21781 1509 51 and and CC 21781 1509 52 re re NN 21781 1509 53 - - NN 21781 1509 54 adjustment adjustment NN 21781 1509 55 . . . 21781 1510 1 Section section NN 21781 1510 2 23 23 CD 21781 1510 3 . . . 21781 1511 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1511 2 1,I. 1,i. CD 21781 1512 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1512 2 14 14 CD 21781 1512 3 , , , 21781 1512 4 shows show VBZ 21781 1512 5 a a DT 21781 1512 6 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1512 7 view view NN 21781 1512 8 of of IN 21781 1512 9 a a DT 21781 1512 10 young young JJ 21781 1512 11 tadpole tadpole JJ 21781 1512 12 cranium cranium NN 21781 1512 13 ; ; : 21781 1512 14 the the DT 21781 1512 15 brain brain NN 21781 1512 16 has have VBZ 21781 1512 17 been be VBN 21781 1512 18 removed remove VBN 21781 1512 19 , , , 21781 1512 20 and and CC 21781 1512 21 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1512 22 is be VBZ 21781 1512 23 seen see VBN 21781 1512 24 that that IN 21781 1512 25 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1512 26 was be VBD 21781 1512 27 supported support VBN 21781 1512 28 simply simply RB 21781 1512 29 upon upon IN 21781 1512 30 two two CD 21781 1512 31 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1512 32 rods rod NNS 21781 1512 33 , , , 21781 1512 34 the the DT 21781 1512 35 trabeculae trabeculae NNP 21781 1512 36 cranii cranii NNP 21781 1512 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1512 38 tr.c tr.c NN 21781 1512 39 . . . 21781 1512 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1512 41 . . . 21781 1513 1 Behind behind IN 21781 1513 2 these these DT 21781 1513 3 trabeculae trabecula NNS 21781 1513 4 comes come VBZ 21781 1513 5 the the DT 21781 1513 6 notochord notochord NN 21781 1513 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1513 8 n.c n.c NNP 21781 1513 9 . . NNP 21781 1513 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1513 11 , , , 21781 1513 12 and and CC 21781 1513 13 around around IN 21781 1513 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1513 15 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1513 16 extremity extremity NN 21781 1513 17 is be VBZ 21781 1513 18 a a DT 21781 1513 19 paired pair VBN 21781 1513 20 tract tract NN 21781 1513 21 of of IN 21781 1513 22 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1513 23 , , , 21781 1513 24 the the DT 21781 1513 25 parachordals parachordal NNS 21781 1513 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1513 27 p.c p.c NNP 21781 1513 28 . . NNP 21781 1513 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1513 30 . . . 21781 1514 1 These these DT 21781 1514 2 structures structure NNS 21781 1514 3 , , , 21781 1514 4 underlying underlie VBG 21781 1514 5 the the DT 21781 1514 6 skull skull NN 21781 1514 7 , , , 21781 1514 8 are be VBP 21781 1514 9 all all DT 21781 1514 10 that that WDT 21781 1514 11 appear[s appear[s NNP 21781 1514 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1514 13 at at IN 21781 1514 14 first first RB 21781 1514 15 of of IN 21781 1514 16 the the DT 21781 1514 17 brain brain NN 21781 1514 18 box box NN 21781 1514 19 . . . 21781 1515 1 In in IN 21781 1515 2 front front NN 21781 1515 3 , , , 21781 1515 4 and and CC 21781 1515 5 separate separate JJ 21781 1515 6 from from IN 21781 1515 7 the the DT 21781 1515 8 cranium cranium NN 21781 1515 9 , , , 21781 1515 10 are be VBP 21781 1515 11 the the DT 21781 1515 12 nasal nasal NN 21781 1515 13 organs organ NNS 21781 1515 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1515 15 n.c n.c NNP 21781 1515 16 . . NNP 21781 1515 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1515 18 ; ; : 21781 1515 19 the the DT 21781 1515 20 eyes eye NNS 21781 1515 21 lie lie VBP 21781 1515 22 laterally laterally RB 21781 1515 23 to to IN 21781 1515 24 the the DT 21781 1515 25 trabeculae trabeculae NN 21781 1515 26 , , , 21781 1515 27 and and CC 21781 1515 28 laterally laterally RB 21781 1515 29 to to IN 21781 1515 30 the the DT 21781 1515 31 parachordals parachordal NNS 21781 1515 32 are be VBP 21781 1515 33 two two CD 21781 1515 34 tracts tract NNS 21781 1515 35 of of IN 21781 1515 36 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1515 37 enclosing enclose VBG 21781 1515 38 the the DT 21781 1515 39 internal internal JJ 21781 1515 40 ear ear NN 21781 1515 41 , , , 21781 1515 42 the the DT 21781 1515 43 otic otic JJ 21781 1515 44 capsules capsule NNS 21781 1515 45 . . . 21781 1516 1 Section section NN 21781 1516 2 24 24 CD 21781 1516 3 . . . 21781 1517 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1517 2 1 1 CD 21781 1517 3 , , , 21781 1517 4 II II NNP 21781 1517 5 . . NNP 21781 1517 6 , , , 21781 1517 7 is be VBZ 21781 1517 8 a a DT 21781 1517 9 more more RBR 21781 1517 10 advanced advanced JJ 21781 1517 11 , , , 21781 1517 12 phase phase NN 21781 1517 13 of of IN 21781 1517 14 the the DT 21781 1517 15 same same JJ 21781 1517 16 structures structure NNS 21781 1517 17 . . . 21781 1518 1 The the DT 21781 1518 2 trabeculae trabeculae NN 21781 1518 3 have have VBP 21781 1518 4 met meet VBN 21781 1518 5 in in IN 21781 1518 6 front front NN 21781 1518 7 and and CC 21781 1518 8 sent send VBD 21781 1518 9 forward forward RB 21781 1518 10 a a DT 21781 1518 11 median median NNP 21781 1518 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1518 13 c.t c.t NNP 21781 1518 14 . . . 21781 1518 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1519 1 and and CC 21781 1519 2 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1519 3 parts part NNS 21781 1519 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1519 5 a.o a.o NNP 21781 1519 6 . . . 21781 1519 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1520 1 to to TO 21781 1520 2 support support VB 21781 1520 3 the the DT 21781 1520 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 1520 5 organs organ NNS 21781 1520 6 . . . 21781 1521 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1521 2 have have VBP 21781 1521 3 also also RB 21781 1521 4 flattened flatten VBN 21781 1521 5 , , , 21781 1521 6 out out IN 21781 1521 7 very very RB 21781 1521 8 considerably considerably RB 21781 1521 9 , , , 21781 1521 10 and and CC 21781 1521 11 have have VBP 21781 1521 12 sent send VBN 21781 1521 13 up up RP 21781 1521 14 walls wall NNS 21781 1521 15 on on IN 21781 1521 16 either either DT 21781 1521 17 side side NN 21781 1521 18 of of IN 21781 1521 19 the the DT 21781 1521 20 brain brain NN 21781 1521 21 to to TO 21781 1521 22 meet meet VB 21781 1521 23 above above IN 21781 1521 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1521 25 and and CC 21781 1521 26 form form VB 21781 1521 27 an an DT 21781 1521 28 incomplete incomplete JJ 21781 1521 29 roof roof NN 21781 1521 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1521 31 t. t. NN 21781 1521 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1521 33 over over IN 21781 1521 34 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1521 35 . . . 21781 1522 1 The the DT 21781 1522 2 parachordals parachordal NNS 21781 1522 3 have have VBP 21781 1522 4 similarly similarly RB 21781 1522 5 grown grow VBN 21781 1522 6 up up RP 21781 1522 7 round round RB 21781 1522 8 , , , 21781 1522 9 the the DT 21781 1522 10 hind hind NN 21781 1522 11 - - HYPH 21781 1522 12 brain brain NN 21781 1522 13 and and CC 21781 1522 14 formed form VBD 21781 1522 15 a a DT 21781 1522 16 complete complete JJ 21781 1522 17 ring ring NN 21781 1522 18 , , , 21781 1522 19 the the DT 21781 1522 20 roof roof NN 21781 1522 21 of of IN 21781 1522 22 which which WDT 21781 1522 23 is be VBZ 21781 1522 24 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1522 25 , , , 21781 1522 26 by by IN 21781 1522 27 b. b. NNP 21781 1523 1 Further further RB 21781 1523 2 , , , 21781 1523 3 the the DT 21781 1523 4 otic otic JJ 21781 1523 5 capsules capsule NNS 21781 1523 6 are be VBP 21781 1523 7 fusing fuse VBG 21781 1523 8 with with IN 21781 1523 9 the the DT 21781 1523 10 brain brain NN 21781 1523 11 - - HYPH 21781 1523 12 case case NN 21781 1523 13 . . . 21781 1524 1 With with IN 21781 1524 2 certain certain JJ 21781 1524 3 differences difference NNS 21781 1524 4 of of IN 21781 1524 5 form form NN 21781 1524 6 these these DT 21781 1524 7 elements-- elements-- VB 21781 1524 8 the the DT 21781 1524 9 trabeculae trabeculae NN 21781 1524 10 , , , 21781 1524 11 the the DT 21781 1524 12 parachordals parachordal NNS 21781 1524 13 , , , 21781 1524 14 and and CC 21781 1524 15 the the DT 21781 1524 16 otic otic JJ 21781 1524 17 capsules capsule NNS 21781 1524 18 , , , 21781 1524 19 are be VBP 21781 1524 20 also also RB 21781 1524 21 the the DT 21781 1524 22 first first JJ 21781 1524 23 formed form VBN 21781 1524 24 structures structure NNS 21781 1524 25 of of IN 21781 1524 26 the the DT 21781 1524 27 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1524 28 cranium cranium NN 21781 1524 29 . . . 21781 1525 1 Section section NN 21781 1525 2 25 25 CD 21781 1525 3 . . . 21781 1526 1 In in IN 21781 1526 2 Figures Figures NNP 21781 1526 3 1,I. 1,i. CD 21781 1527 1 and and CC 21781 1527 2 II II NNP 21781 1527 3 . . NNP 21781 1527 4 , , , 21781 1527 5 there there EX 21781 1527 6 appears appear VBZ 21781 1527 7 beneath beneath IN 21781 1527 8 the the DT 21781 1527 9 eye eye NN 21781 1527 10 a a DT 21781 1527 11 bar bar NN 21781 1527 12 of of IN 21781 1527 13 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1527 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1527 15 p.p p.p NNP 21781 1527 16 . . . 21781 1528 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1528 2 , , , 21781 1528 3 the the DT 21781 1528 4 palato palato JJ 21781 1528 5 - - HYPH 21781 1528 6 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1528 7 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1528 8 , , , 21781 1528 9 which which WDT 21781 1528 10 is be VBZ 21781 1528 11 also also RB 21781 1528 12 to to TO 21781 1528 13 be be VB 21781 1528 14 seen see VBN 21781 1528 15 from from IN 21781 1528 16 the the DT 21781 1528 17 side side NN 21781 1528 18 in in IN 21781 1528 19 Figures figure NNS 21781 1528 20 8,I. 8,i. CD 21781 1529 1 and and CC 21781 1529 2 III III NNP 21781 1529 3 . . . 21781 1530 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1530 2 will will MD 21781 1530 3 be be VB 21781 1530 4 learnt learn VBN 21781 1530 5 from from IN 21781 1530 6 these these DT 21781 1530 7 latter latter JJ 21781 1530 8 that that IN 21781 1530 9 this this DT 21781 1530 10 bar bar NN 21781 1530 11 is be VBZ 21781 1530 12 joined join VBN 21781 1530 13 in in IN 21781 1530 14 front front NN 21781 1530 15 to to IN 21781 1530 16 the the DT 21781 1530 17 cranium cranium NN 21781 1530 18 behind behind IN 21781 1530 19 the the DT 21781 1530 20 nasal nasal NN 21781 1530 21 organ organ NN 21781 1530 22 , , , 21781 1530 23 and and CC 21781 1530 24 behind behind RB 21781 1530 25 to to IN 21781 1530 26 the the DT 21781 1530 27 otic otic JJ 21781 1530 28 capsule capsule NN 21781 1530 29 . . . 21781 1531 1 The the DT 21781 1531 2 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1531 3 bar bar NN 21781 1531 4 from from IN 21781 1531 5 the the DT 21781 1531 6 palato palato NN 21781 1531 7 - - HYPH 21781 1531 8 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1531 9 to to IN 21781 1531 10 the the DT 21781 1531 11 otic otic JJ 21781 1531 12 capsule capsule NN 21781 1531 13 is be VBZ 21781 1531 14 called call VBN 21781 1531 15 the the DT 21781 1531 16 quadrate quadrate NN 21781 1531 17 , , , 21781 1531 18 and and CC 21781 1531 19 at at IN 21781 1531 20 the the DT 21781 1531 21 point point NN 21781 1531 22 of of IN 21781 1531 23 junction junction NN 21781 1531 24 , , , 21781 1531 25 at at IN 21781 1531 26 the the DT 21781 1531 27 postero postero NN 21781 1531 28 - - HYPH 21781 1531 29 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1531 30 angle angle NN 21781 1531 31 of of IN 21781 1531 32 the the DT 21781 1531 33 palato palato NN 21781 1531 34 - - HYPH 21781 1531 35 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1531 36 , , , 21781 1531 37 articulates articulate VBZ 21781 1531 38 with with IN 21781 1531 39 the the DT 21781 1531 40 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1531 41 bar bar NN 21781 1531 42 which which WDT 21781 1531 43 is be VBZ 21781 1531 44 destined destine VBN 21781 1531 45 to to TO 21781 1531 46 form form VB 21781 1531 47 the the DT 21781 1531 48 substratum substratum NN 21781 1531 49 of of IN 21781 1531 50 the the DT 21781 1531 51 lower low JJR 21781 1531 52 jaw-- jaw-- NNP 21781 1531 53 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 1531 54 's 's POS 21781 1531 55 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1531 56 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1531 57 M.c M.c NNP 21781 1531 58 . . . 21781 1532 1 in in IN 21781 1532 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1532 3 8,I. 8,I. NNP 21781 1532 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1532 5 . . . 21781 1533 1 Section section NN 21781 1533 2 26 26 CD 21781 1533 3 . . . 21781 1534 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1534 2 2 2 CD 21781 1534 3 shows show VBZ 21781 1534 4 a a DT 21781 1534 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1534 6 view view NN 21781 1534 7 of of IN 21781 1534 8 these these DT 21781 1534 9 structures structure NNS 21781 1534 10 in in IN 21781 1534 11 a a DT 21781 1534 12 young young JJ 21781 1534 13 frog frog NN 21781 1534 14 . . . 21781 1535 1 The the DT 21781 1535 2 parts part NNS 21781 1535 3 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1535 4 to to IN 21781 1535 5 these these DT 21781 1535 6 in in IN 21781 1535 7 1,II 1,ii CD 21781 1535 8 . . . 21781 1536 1 will will MD 21781 1536 2 be be VB 21781 1536 3 easily easily RB 21781 1536 4 made make VBN 21781 1536 5 out out RP 21781 1536 6 , , , 21781 1536 7 but but CC 21781 1536 8 now now RB 21781 1536 9 ossification ossification NN 21781 1536 10 has have VBZ 21781 1536 11 set set VBN 21781 1536 12 in in RP 21781 1536 13 at at IN 21781 1536 14 various various JJ 21781 1536 15 points point NNS 21781 1536 16 of of IN 21781 1536 17 this this DT 21781 1536 18 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1536 19 cranium cranium NN 21781 1536 20 . . . 21781 1537 1 In in IN 21781 1537 2 front front NN 21781 1537 3 of of IN 21781 1537 4 the the DT 21781 1537 5 otic otic JJ 21781 1537 6 capsule capsule NN 21781 1537 7 is be VBZ 21781 1537 8 the the DT 21781 1537 9 paired pair VBN 21781 1537 10 pro pro JJ 21781 1537 11 - - JJ 21781 1537 12 otic otic JJ 21781 1537 13 bone bone NN 21781 1537 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1537 15 p.o p.o NNP 21781 1537 16 . . . 21781 1538 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1538 2 ; ; : 21781 1538 3 behind behind IN 21781 1538 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1538 5 at at IN 21781 1538 6 the the DT 21781 1538 7 sides side NNS 21781 1538 8 of of IN 21781 1538 9 the the DT 21781 1538 10 parachordal parachordal NN 21781 1538 11 ring ring NN 21781 1538 12 is be VBZ 21781 1538 13 the the DT 21781 1538 14 paired pair VBN 21781 1538 15 ex ex NN 21781 1538 16 - - NN 21781 1538 17 occipital occipital JJ 21781 1538 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1538 19 e.o e.o NNP 21781 1538 20 . . . 21781 1539 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1539 2 ; ; : 21781 1539 3 in in IN 21781 1539 4 front front NN 21781 1539 5 of of IN 21781 1539 6 the the DT 21781 1539 7 cranium cranium NN 21781 1539 8 box box NN 21781 1539 9 , , , 21781 1539 10 and and CC 21781 1539 11 behind behind IN 21781 1539 12 the the DT 21781 1539 13 nasal nasal NN 21781 1539 14 capsules capsule NNS 21781 1539 15 , , , 21781 1539 16 is be VBZ 21781 1539 17 a a DT 21781 1539 18 ring ring NN 21781 1539 19 of of IN 21781 1539 20 bone bone NN 21781 1539 21 , , , 21781 1539 22 the the DT 21781 1539 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1539 24 median median NNP 21781 1539 25 , , , 21781 1539 26 but but CC 21781 1539 27 originally originally RB 21781 1539 28 paired pair VBN 21781 1539 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1539 30 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NNP 21781 1539 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1539 32 s.e s.e NNP 21781 1539 33 . . NNP 21781 1539 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1539 35 . . . 21781 1540 1 -A -A : 21781 1540 2 paired pair VBN 21781 1540 3 ossification ossification NN 21781 1540 4 appears appear VBZ 21781 1540 5 in in IN 21781 1540 6 the the DT 21781 1540 7 palato palato JJ 21781 1540 8 - - HYPH 21781 1540 9 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1540 10 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1540 11 the the DT 21781 1540 12 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1540 13 bone bone NN 21781 1540 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1540 15 pt pt UH 21781 1540 16 . . . 21781 1541 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1541 2 , , , 21781 1541 3 while- while- VBZ 21781 1541 4 A a DT 21781 1541 5 splint splint NN 21781 1541 6 of of IN 21781 1541 7 bone bone NN 21781 1541 8 , , , 21781 1541 9 the the DT 21781 1541 10 quadrato quadrato NNP 21781 1541 11 - - HYPH 21781 1541 12 jugal jugal NNP 21781 1541 13 , , , 21781 1541 14 appears appear VBZ 21781 1541 15 at at IN 21781 1541 16 the the DT 21781 1541 17 angle angle NN 21781 1541 18 of of IN 21781 1541 19 articulation articulation NN 21781 1541 20 with with IN 21781 1541 21 the the DT 21781 1541 22 lower low JJR 21781 1541 23 jaw jaw NN 21781 1541 24 . . . 21781 1542 1 These these DT 21781 1542 2 are be VBP 21781 1542 3 all all PDT 21781 1542 4 the the DT 21781 1542 5 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1542 6 bones bone NNS 21781 1542 7 that that WDT 21781 1542 8 appear appear VBP 21781 1542 9 in in IN 21781 1542 10 the the DT 21781 1542 11 cranium cranium NN 21781 1542 12 and and CC 21781 1542 13 upper upper JJ 21781 1542 14 jaw jaw NN 21781 1542 15 of of IN 21781 1542 16 the the DT 21781 1542 17 frog frog NN 21781 1542 18 . . . 21781 1543 1 Section section NN 21781 1543 2 27 27 CD 21781 1543 3 . . . 21781 1544 1 But but CC 21781 1544 2 another another DT 21781 1544 3 series series NN 21781 1544 4 of of IN 21781 1544 5 bones bone NNS 21781 1544 6 , , , 21781 1544 7 developed develop VBD 21781 1544 8 first first RB 21781 1544 9 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 1544 10 in in IN 21781 1544 11 dermal dermal JJ 21781 1544 12 connective connective JJ 21781 1544 13 tissue tissue NN 21781 1544 14 , , , 21781 1544 15 and and CC 21781 1544 16 coming come VBG 21781 1544 17 to to TO 21781 1544 18 plate plate VB 21781 1544 19 over over IN 21781 1544 20 the the DT 21781 1544 21 cranium cranium NN 21781 1544 22 of of IN 21781 1544 23 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1544 24 , , , 21781 1544 25 are be VBP 21781 1544 26 not not RB 21781 1544 27 shown show VBN 21781 1544 28 in in IN 21781 1544 29 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1544 30 2 2 CD 21781 1544 31 . . . 21781 1545 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1545 2 are be VBP 21781 1545 3 , , , 21781 1545 4 however however RB 21781 1545 5 , , , 21781 1545 6 in in IN 21781 1545 7 Figure figure NN 21781 1545 8 3 3 CD 21781 1545 9 . . . 21781 1546 1 These these DT 21781 1546 2 membrane membrane NN 21781 1546 3 bones bone NNS 21781 1546 4 are be VBP 21781 1546 5 : : : 21781 1546 6 along along IN 21781 1546 7 the the DT 21781 1546 8 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1546 9 middle middle JJ 21781 1546 10 line line NN 21781 1546 11 , , , 21781 1546 12 the the DT 21781 1546 13 parieto parieto NN 21781 1546 14 - - HYPH 21781 1546 15 frontals frontal NNS 21781 1546 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1546 17 p.f p.f NNP 21781 1546 18 . . . 21781 1547 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1547 2 , , , 21781 1547 3 originally originally RB 21781 1547 4 two two CD 21781 1547 5 pairs pair NNS 21781 1547 6 of of IN 21781 1547 7 bones bone NNS 21781 1547 8 which which WDT 21781 1547 9 fuse fuse VBP 21781 1547 10 in in IN 21781 1547 11 development development NN 21781 1547 12 , , , 21781 1547 13 and and CC 21781 1547 14 the the DT 21781 1547 15 nasals nasal NNS 21781 1547 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1547 17 na na RB 21781 1547 18 . . . 21781 1547 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1547 20 . . . 21781 1548 1 Round round IN 21781 1548 2 the the DT 21781 1548 3 edge edge NN 21781 1548 4 of of IN 21781 1548 5 the the DT 21781 1548 6 jaw jaw NN 21781 1548 7 , , , 21781 1548 8 and and CC 21781 1548 9 bearing bear VBG 21781 1548 10 the the DT 21781 1548 11 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1548 12 , , , 21781 1548 13 are be VBP 21781 1548 14 pre pre JJ 21781 1548 15 - - NNS 21781 1548 16 maxillae maxillae NNP 21781 1548 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1548 18 p.m. p.m. NNP 21781 1548 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1548 20 , , , 21781 1548 21 and and CC 21781 1548 22 maxillae maxillae NNP 21781 1548 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1548 24 mx mx NNP 21781 1548 25 . . . 21781 1549 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1549 2 , , , 21781 1549 3 and and CC 21781 1549 4 overlying overlie VBG 21781 1549 5 the the DT 21781 1549 6 quadrate quadrate JJ 21781 1549 7 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1549 8 and and CC 21781 1549 9 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1549 10 to to IN 21781 1549 11 the the DT 21781 1549 12 otic otic JJ 21781 1549 13 capsules capsule NNS 21781 1549 14 are be VBP 21781 1549 15 the the DT 21781 1549 16 T T NNP 21781 1549 17 - - HYPH 21781 1549 18 shaped shape VBN 21781 1549 19 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1549 20 bones bone NNS 21781 1549 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1549 22 sq sq NNP 21781 1549 23 . . NNP 21781 1549 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1549 25 . . . 21781 1550 1 In in IN 21781 1550 2 the the DT 21781 1550 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1550 4 view view NN 21781 1550 5 of of IN 21781 1550 6 the the DT 21781 1550 7 skull skull NN 21781 1550 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1550 9 Figure figure NN 21781 1550 10 4 4 CD 21781 1550 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1550 12 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1550 13 see see VBP 21781 1550 14 a a DT 21781 1550 15 pair pair NN 21781 1550 16 of of IN 21781 1550 17 vomers vomer NNS 21781 1550 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1550 19 vo vo NNP 21781 1550 20 . . . 21781 1550 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1551 1 bearing bearing NN 21781 1551 2 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1551 3 , , , 21781 1551 4 a a DT 21781 1551 5 pair pair NN 21781 1551 6 of of IN 21781 1551 7 palatines palatine NNS 21781 1551 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1551 9 pal pal NN 21781 1551 10 . . . 21781 1552 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1552 2 , , , 21781 1552 3 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1552 4 and and CC 21781 1552 5 a a DT 21781 1552 6 pair pair NN 21781 1552 7 of of IN 21781 1552 8 pterygoids pterygoid NNS 21781 1552 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1552 10 pt pt UH 21781 1552 11 . . . 21781 1552 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1552 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1553 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1553 2 which which WDT 21781 1553 3 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1553 4 palatines palatine NNS 21781 1553 5 and and CC 21781 1553 6 pterygoids pterygoid NNS 21781 1553 7 , , , 21781 1553 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1553 9 may may MD 21781 1553 10 note note VB 21781 1553 11 , , , 21781 1553 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1553 13 unlike unlike IN 21781 1553 14 those those DT 21781 1553 15 of of IN 21781 1553 16 the the DT 21781 1553 17 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1553 18 , , , 21781 1553 19 are be VBP 21781 1553 20 -stated -state VBN 21781 1553 21 to to IN 21781 1553 22 be- be- JJ 21781 1553 23 membrane membrane NN 21781 1553 24 bones bone NNS 21781 1553 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1553 26 , , , 21781 1553 27 and and CC 21781 1553 28 a a DT 21781 1553 29 great great JJ 21781 1553 30 median median JJ 21781 1553 31 dagger dagger NN 21781 1553 32 - - HYPH 21781 1553 33 shaped shape VBN 21781 1553 34 para para NN 21781 1553 35 - - HYPH 21781 1553 36 sphenoid sphenoid NNP 21781 1553 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1553 38 p.sp p.sp NNP 21781 1553 39 . . . 21781 1553 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1553 41 . . . 21781 1554 1 These these DT 21781 1554 2 two two CD 21781 1554 3 Figures figure NNS 21781 1554 4 , , , 21781 1554 5 and and CC 21781 1554 6 5 5 CD 21781 1554 7 , , , 21781 1554 8 which which WDT 21781 1554 9 shows show VBZ 21781 1554 10 the the DT 21781 1554 11 same same JJ 21781 1554 12 bones bone NNS 21781 1554 13 in in IN 21781 1554 14 side side JJ 21781 1554 15 view view NN 21781 1554 16 , , , 21781 1554 17 should should MD 21781 1554 18 be be VB 21781 1554 19 carefully carefully RB 21781 1554 20 mastered master VBN 21781 1554 21 before before IN 21781 1554 22 the the DT 21781 1554 23 student student NN 21781 1554 24 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 1554 25 with with IN 21781 1554 26 this this DT 21781 1554 27 chapter chapter NN 21781 1554 28 . . . 21781 1555 1 The the DT 21781 1555 2 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1555 3 bones bone NNS 21781 1555 4 are be VBP 21781 1555 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 1555 6 from from IN 21781 1555 7 membrane membrane NN 21781 1555 8 bones bone NNS 21781 1555 9 by by IN 21781 1555 10 cross cross NN 21781 1555 11 - - NN 21781 1555 12 shading shading NN 21781 1555 13 . . . 21781 1556 1 Section section NN 21781 1556 2 28 28 CD 21781 1556 3 . . . 21781 1557 1 Turning turn VBG 21781 1557 2 now now RB 21781 1557 3 to to IN 21781 1557 4 Figure figure NN 21781 1557 5 8,I. 8,I. NNS 21781 1557 6 , , , 21781 1557 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1557 8 have have VBP 21781 1557 9 a a DT 21781 1557 10 side side JJ 21781 1557 11 view view NN 21781 1557 12 of of IN 21781 1557 13 a a DT 21781 1557 14 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1557 15 's 's POS 21781 1557 16 skull skull NN 21781 1557 17 . . . 21781 1558 1 On on IN 21781 1558 2 the the DT 21781 1558 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1558 4 side side NN 21781 1558 5 of of IN 21781 1558 6 the the DT 21781 1558 7 head head NN 21781 1558 8 is be VBZ 21781 1558 9 a a DT 21781 1558 10 series series NN 21781 1558 11 of of IN 21781 1558 12 vertical vertical JJ 21781 1558 13 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1558 14 bars bar NNS 21781 1558 15 , , , 21781 1558 16 the the DT 21781 1558 17 visceral visceral JJ 21781 1558 18 arches arch NNS 21781 1558 19 supporting support VBG 21781 1558 20 the the DT 21781 1558 21 walls wall NNS 21781 1558 22 of of IN 21781 1558 23 the the DT 21781 1558 24 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1558 25 's 's POS 21781 1558 26 gill gill JJ 21781 1558 27 slits slit NNS 21781 1558 28 . . . 21781 1559 1 The the DT 21781 1559 2 first first JJ 21781 1559 3 of of IN 21781 1559 4 these these DT 21781 1559 5 is be VBZ 21781 1559 6 called call VBN 21781 1559 7 the the DT 21781 1559 8 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1559 9 arch arch NNP 21781 1559 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1559 11 c.h c.h NNP 21781 1559 12 . . . 21781 1560 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1560 2 , , , 21781 1560 3 and and CC 21781 1560 4 the the DT 21781 1560 5 four four CD 21781 1560 6 following follow VBG 21781 1560 7 this this DT 21781 1560 8 , , , 21781 1560 9 the the DT 21781 1560 10 first first JJ 21781 1560 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1560 12 br.1 br.1 NN 21781 1560 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1560 14 , , , 21781 1560 15 second second JJ 21781 1560 16 , , , 21781 1560 17 third third JJ 21781 1560 18 , , , 21781 1560 19 and and CC 21781 1560 20 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1560 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1560 22 br.4 br.4 NN 21781 1560 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1560 24 , , , 21781 1560 25 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1560 26 arches arch NNS 21781 1560 27 . . . 21781 1561 1 Altogether altogether RB 21781 1561 2 there there EX 21781 1561 3 are be VBP 21781 1561 4 four four CD 21781 1561 5 gill gill JJ 21781 1561 6 slits slit NNS 21781 1561 7 and and CC 21781 1561 8 between between IN 21781 1561 9 the the DT 21781 1561 10 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1561 11 arch arch NN 21781 1561 12 and and CC 21781 1561 13 the the DT 21781 1561 14 jaw jaw NN 21781 1561 15 arch arch NN 21781 1561 16 , , , 21781 1561 17 as as IN 21781 1561 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1561 19 is be VBZ 21781 1561 20 called call VBN 21781 1561 21 (= (= NNP 21781 1561 22 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 1561 23 's 's POS 21781 1561 24 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1561 25 + + CC 21781 1561 26 the the DT 21781 1561 27 palato palato NN 21781 1561 28 - - HYPH 21781 1561 29 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1561 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1561 31 , , , 21781 1561 32 is be VBZ 21781 1561 33 " " `` 21781 1561 34 an an DT 21781 1561 35 imperforate imperforate JJ 21781 1561 36 slit slit NN 21781 1561 37 , , , 21781 1561 38 " " '' 21781 1561 39 which which WDT 21781 1561 40 becomes become VBZ 21781 1561 41 the the DT 21781 1561 42 ear ear NN 21781 1561 43 - - HYPH 21781 1561 44 drum drum NN 21781 1561 45 . . . 21781 1562 1 * * NFP 21781 1562 2 The the DT 21781 1562 3 frog frog NN 21781 1562 4 no no RB 21781 1562 5 longer long RBR 21781 1562 6 breathes breathe VBZ 21781 1562 7 by by IN 21781 1562 8 gills gill NNS 21781 1562 9 , , , 21781 1562 10 but but CC 21781 1562 11 by by IN 21781 1562 12 lungs lung NNS 21781 1562 13 , , , 21781 1562 14 and and CC 21781 1562 15 the the DT 21781 1562 16 gills gill NNS 21781 1562 17 are be VBP 21781 1562 18 lost lose VBN 21781 1562 19 , , , 21781 1562 20 the the DT 21781 1562 21 gill gill JJ 21781 1562 22 slits slit NNS 21781 1562 23 closed close VBD 21781 1562 24 , , , 21781 1562 25 and and CC 21781 1562 26 the the DT 21781 1562 27 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1562 28 arches arch NNS 21781 1562 29 consequently consequently RB 21781 1562 30 much much RB 21781 1562 31 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1562 32 . . . 21781 1563 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 1563 2 8 8 CD 21781 1563 3 , , , 21781 1563 4 II II NNP 21781 1563 5 . . NNP 21781 1563 6 , , , 21781 1563 7 and and CC 21781 1563 8 8 8 CD 21781 1563 9 , , , 21781 1563 10 III III NNP 21781 1563 11 . . NNP 21781 1563 12 , , , 21781 1563 13 show show NN 21781 1563 14 stages stage NNS 21781 1563 15 in in IN 21781 1563 16 this this DT 21781 1563 17 reduction reduction NN 21781 1563 18 . . . 21781 1564 1 The the DT 21781 1564 2 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1564 3 arch arch NN 21781 1564 4 becomes become VBZ 21781 1564 5 attached attach VBN 21781 1564 6 , , , 21781 1564 7 to to IN 21781 1564 8 the the DT 21781 1564 9 otic otic JJ 21781 1564 10 capsule capsule NN 21781 1564 11 , , , 21781 1564 12 and and CC 21781 1564 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1564 14 median median JJ 21781 1564 15 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1564 16 plate plate NN 21781 1564 17 , , , 21781 1564 18 including include VBG 21781 1564 19 also also RB 21781 1564 20 the the DT 21781 1564 21 vestiges vestige NNS 21781 1564 22 of of IN 21781 1564 23 the the DT 21781 1564 24 first first JJ 21781 1564 25 , , , 21781 1564 26 second second JJ 21781 1564 27 , , , 21781 1564 28 and and CC 21781 1564 29 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1564 30 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1564 31 arches arch NNS 21781 1564 32 , , , 21781 1564 33 is be VBZ 21781 1564 34 called call VBN 21781 1564 35 the the DT 21781 1564 36 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1564 37 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1564 38 . . . 21781 1565 1 In in IN 21781 1565 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1565 3 5 5 CD 21781 1565 4 , , , 21781 1565 5 the the DT 21781 1565 6 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1565 7 is be VBZ 21781 1565 8 seen see VBN 21781 1565 9 from from IN 21781 1565 10 the the DT 21781 1565 11 side side NN 21781 1565 12 ; ; : 21781 1565 13 c.h c.h NNP 21781 1565 14 . . . 21781 1566 1 is be VBZ 21781 1566 2 called call VBN 21781 1566 3 the the DT 21781 1566 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1566 5 right right NN 21781 1566 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1566 7 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1566 8 cornu cornu NN 21781 1566 9 * * NFP 21781 1566 10 * * NFP 21781 1566 11 of of IN 21781 1566 12 the the DT 21781 1566 13 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1566 14 . . . 21781 1567 1 The the DT 21781 1567 2 function function NN 21781 1567 3 of of IN 21781 1567 4 the the DT 21781 1567 5 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1567 6 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1567 7 in in IN 21781 1567 8 the the DT 21781 1567 9 frog frog NN 21781 1567 10 is be VBZ 21781 1567 11 to to TO 21781 1567 12 furnish furnish VB 21781 1567 13 , , , 21781 1567 14 a a DT 21781 1567 15 basis basis NN 21781 1567 16 of of IN 21781 1567 17 attachment attachment NN 21781 1567 18 to to IN 21781 1567 19 the the DT 21781 1567 20 tongue tongue NN 21781 1567 21 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1567 22 ; ; : 21781 1567 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1567 24 remains remain VBZ 21781 1567 25 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1567 26 , , , 21781 1567 27 with with IN 21781 1567 28 the the DT 21781 1567 29 exception exception NN 21781 1567 30 of of IN 21781 1567 31 the the DT 21781 1567 32 relic relic NN 21781 1567 33 of of IN 21781 1567 34 one one CD 21781 1567 35 branchial branchial NN 21781 1567 36 arch arch NN 21781 1567 37 , , , 21781 1567 38 which which WDT 21781 1567 39 ossifies ossify VBZ 21781 1567 40 as as IN 21781 1567 41 the the DT 21781 1567 42 thyro thyro NNP 21781 1567 43 - - HYPH 21781 1567 44 hyal hyal JJ 21781 1567 45 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1567 46 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1567 47 7 7 CD 21781 1567 48 th.h th.h CD 21781 1567 49 . . . 21781 1567 50 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1567 51 . . . 21781 1568 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1568 2 will will MD 21781 1568 3 be be VB 21781 1568 4 noted note VBN 21781 1568 5 that that IN 21781 1568 6 , , , 21781 1568 7 as as IN 21781 1568 8 development development NN 21781 1568 9 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 1568 10 , , , 21781 1568 11 the the DT 21781 1568 12 angle angle NN 21781 1568 13 of of IN 21781 1568 14 the the DT 21781 1568 15 jaw jaw NN 21781 1568 16 swings swing VBZ 21781 1568 17 backward backward RB 21781 1568 18 , , , 21781 1568 19 and and CC 21781 1568 20 the the DT 21781 1568 21 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1568 22 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1568 23 , , , 21781 1568 24 shifts shift NNS 21781 1568 25 relatively relatively RB 21781 1568 26 forward forward RB 21781 1568 27 . . . 21781 1569 1 These these DT 21781 1569 2 changes change NNS 21781 1569 3 of of IN 21781 1569 4 position position NN 21781 1569 5 are be VBP 21781 1569 6 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1569 7 in in IN 21781 1569 8 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1569 9 8 8 CD 21781 1569 10 , , , 21781 1569 11 III III NNP 21781 1569 12 . . NNP 21781 1569 13 , , , 21781 1569 14 by by IN 21781 1569 15 little little JJ 21781 1569 16 arrow arrow NN 21781 1569 17 - - HYPH 21781 1569 18 heads head NNS 21781 1569 19 . . . 21781 1570 1 * * NFP 21781 1570 2 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1570 3 may may MD 21781 1570 4 note note VB 21781 1570 5 here here RB 21781 1570 6 that that IN 21781 1570 7 , , , 21781 1570 8 comparing compare VBG 21781 1570 9 the the DT 21781 1570 10 ear ear NN 21781 1570 11 of of IN 21781 1570 12 the the DT 21781 1570 13 frog frog NN 21781 1570 14 with with IN 21781 1570 15 that that DT 21781 1570 16 of of IN 21781 1570 17 the the DT 21781 1570 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1570 19 , , , 21781 1570 20 there there EX 21781 1570 21 is be VBZ 21781 1570 22 no no DT 21781 1570 23 external external JJ 21781 1570 24 ear ear NN 21781 1570 25 . . . 21781 1571 1 There there EX 21781 1571 2 is be VBZ 21781 1571 3 , , , 21781 1571 4 moreover moreover RB 21781 1571 5 , , , 21781 1571 6 no no DT 21781 1571 7 bulla bulla NN 21781 1571 8 supporting support VBG 21781 1571 9 the the DT 21781 1571 10 middle middle JJ 21781 1571 11 ear ear NN 21781 1571 12 , , , 21781 1571 13 and and CC 21781 1571 14 the the DT 21781 1571 15 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 1571 16 membrane membrane NN 21781 1571 17 stretches stretch NNS 21781 1571 18 between between IN 21781 1571 19 the the DT 21781 1571 20 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1571 21 in in IN 21781 1571 22 front front NN 21781 1571 23 and and CC 21781 1571 24 the the DT 21781 1571 25 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1571 26 cornu cornu NN 21781 1571 27 of of IN 21781 1571 28 the the DT 21781 1571 29 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1571 30 behind behind RB 21781 1571 31 . . . 21781 1572 1 A a DT 21781 1572 2 rod rod NN 21781 1572 3 - - HYPH 21781 1572 4 like like JJ 21781 1572 5 columella columella NNP 21781 1572 6 auris auris NNP 21781 1572 7 replaces replace VBZ 21781 1572 8 the the DT 21781 1572 9 chain chain NN 21781 1572 10 of of IN 21781 1572 11 ear ear NN 21781 1572 12 ossicles ossicle NNS 21781 1572 13 , , , 21781 1572 14 and and CC 21781 1572 15 may may MD 21781 1572 16 , , , 21781 1572 17 or or CC 21781 1572 18 may may MD 21781 1572 19 not not RB 21781 1572 20 , , , 21781 1572 21 answer answer VB 21781 1572 22 to to IN 21781 1572 23 the the DT 21781 1572 24 stapes stape NNS 21781 1572 25 alone alone RB 21781 1572 26 , , , 21781 1572 27 or or CC 21781 1572 28 even even RB 21781 1572 29 possibly possibly RB 21781 1572 30 to to IN 21781 1572 31 the the DT 21781 1572 32 entire entire JJ 21781 1572 33 series series NN 21781 1572 34 . . . 21781 1573 1 In in IN 21781 1573 2 the the DT 21781 1573 3 internal internal JJ 21781 1573 4 ear ear NN 21781 1573 5 there there EX 21781 1573 6 is be VBZ 21781 1573 7 no no DT 21781 1573 8 cochlea cochlea NN 21781 1573 9 , , , 21781 1573 10 and and CC 21781 1573 11 the the DT 21781 1573 12 otic otic JJ 21781 1573 13 mass mass NN 21781 1573 14 is be VBZ 21781 1573 15 largely largely RB 21781 1573 16 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1573 17 instead instead RB 21781 1573 18 of of IN 21781 1573 19 entirely entirely RB 21781 1573 20 bony bony JJ 21781 1573 21 . . . 21781 1574 1 * * NFP 21781 1574 2 * * NFP 21781 1574 3 Plural plural JJ 21781 1574 4 cornua cornua NN 21781 1574 5 . . . 21781 1575 1 Section section NN 21781 1575 2 29 29 CD 21781 1575 3 . . . 21781 1576 1 Before before IN 21781 1576 2 proceeding proceed VBG 21781 1576 3 to to IN 21781 1576 4 the the DT 21781 1576 5 comparison comparison NN 21781 1576 6 of of IN 21781 1576 7 the the DT 21781 1576 8 mammalian mammalian NNP 21781 1576 9 skull skull NNP 21781 1576 10 with with IN 21781 1576 11 this this DT 21781 1576 12 , , , 21781 1576 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1576 14 would would MD 21781 1576 15 strongly strongly RB 21781 1576 16 recommend recommend VB 21781 1576 17 the the DT 21781 1576 18 student student NN 21781 1576 19 thoroughly thoroughly RB 21781 1576 20 to to TO 21781 1576 21 master master VB 21781 1576 22 this this DT 21781 1576 23 portion portion NN 21781 1576 24 of of IN 21781 1576 25 the the DT 21781 1576 26 work work NN 21781 1576 27 , , , 21781 1576 28 and and CC 21781 1576 29 in in IN 21781 1576 30 no no DT 21781 1576 31 way way NN 21781 1576 32 can can MD 21781 1576 33 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1576 34 do do VB 21781 1576 35 this this DT 21781 1576 36 more more RBR 21781 1576 37 thoroughly thoroughly RB 21781 1576 38 and and CC 21781 1576 39 quickly quickly RB 21781 1576 40 than than IN 21781 1576 41 by by IN 21781 1576 42 taking take VBG 21781 1576 43 a a DT 21781 1576 44 parboiled parboil VBN 21781 1576 45 frog frog NN 21781 1576 46 , , , 21781 1576 47 picking pick VBG 21781 1576 48 off off RP 21781 1576 49 the the DT 21781 1576 50 skin skin NN 21781 1576 51 , , , 21781 1576 52 muscle muscle NN 21781 1576 53 , , , 21781 1576 54 and and CC 21781 1576 55 connective connective JJ 21781 1576 56 tissue tissue NN 21781 1576 57 from from IN 21781 1576 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1576 59 skull skull NN 21781 1576 60 , , , 21781 1576 61 and and CC 21781 1576 62 making make VBG 21781 1576 63 out out RP 21781 1576 64 the the DT 21781 1576 65 various various JJ 21781 1576 66 bones bone NNS 21781 1576 67 with with IN 21781 1576 68 the the DT 21781 1576 69 help help NN 21781 1576 70 of of IN 21781 1576 71 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1576 72 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1576 73 . . . 21781 1577 1 Section section NN 21781 1577 2 30 30 CD 21781 1577 3 . . . 21781 1578 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1578 2 9 9 CD 21781 1578 3 represents represent VBZ 21781 1578 4 , , , 21781 1578 5 in in IN 21781 1578 6 the the DT 21781 1578 7 most most RBS 21781 1578 8 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 1578 9 way way NN 21781 1578 10 , , , 21781 1578 11 the the DT 21781 1578 12 main main JJ 21781 1578 13 changes change NNS 21781 1578 14 in in IN 21781 1578 15 form form NN 21781 1578 16 of of IN 21781 1578 17 the the DT 21781 1578 18 essential essential JJ 21781 1578 19 constituents constituent NNS 21781 1578 20 of of IN 21781 1578 21 the the DT 21781 1578 22 cranio cranio NN 21781 1578 23 - - HYPH 21781 1578 24 facial facial JJ 21781 1578 25 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1578 26 , , , 21781 1578 27 as as IN 21781 1578 28 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1578 29 pass pass VBP 21781 1578 30 from from IN 21781 1578 31 the the DT 21781 1578 32 amphibian amphibian NNP 21781 1578 33 to to IN 21781 1578 34 the the DT 21781 1578 35 mammalian mammalian NNP 21781 1578 36 skull skull NNP 21781 1578 37 . . . 21781 1579 1 F. F. NNP 21781 1579 2 is be VBZ 21781 1579 3 the the DT 21781 1579 4 frog frog NN 21781 1579 5 from from IN 21781 1579 6 the the DT 21781 1579 7 side side NN 21781 1579 8 and and CC 21781 1579 9 behind behind RB 21781 1579 10 ; ; : 21781 1579 11 b.c b.c NNP 21781 1579 12 . . . 21781 1580 1 is be VBZ 21781 1580 2 the the DT 21781 1580 3 brain brain NN 21781 1580 4 - - HYPH 21781 1580 5 case case NN 21781 1580 6 , , , 21781 1580 7 o.c o.c NNP 21781 1580 8 . . . 21781 1581 1 the the DT 21781 1581 2 otic otic JJ 21781 1581 3 capsule capsule NN 21781 1581 4 , , , 21781 1581 5 e. e. NNP 21781 1581 6 the the DT 21781 1581 7 eye eye NN 21781 1581 8 , , , 21781 1581 9 n.c n.c NNP 21781 1581 10 . . . 21781 1581 11 the the DT 21781 1581 12 nasal nasal NNP 21781 1581 13 capsule capsule NNP 21781 1581 14 , , , 21781 1581 15 p.p p.p NNP 21781 1581 16 . . . 21781 1582 1 the the DT 21781 1582 2 palato palato NNP 21781 1582 3 - - HYPH 21781 1582 4 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1582 5 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1582 6 , , , 21781 1582 7 mx mx NNP 21781 1582 8 . . . 21781 1583 1 the the DT 21781 1583 2 maxillary maxillary JJ 21781 1583 3 membrane membrane NN 21781 1583 4 bones bone NNS 21781 1583 5 , , , 21781 1583 6 sq sq NNP 21781 1583 7 . . . 21781 1584 1 the the DT 21781 1584 2 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1584 3 , , , 21781 1584 4 and and CC 21781 1584 5 mb mb NN 21781 1584 6 . . . 21781 1585 1 the the DT 21781 1585 2 mandible mandible NN 21781 1585 3 . . . 21781 1586 1 The the DT 21781 1586 2 student student NN 21781 1586 3 should should MD 21781 1586 4 compare compare VB 21781 1586 5 with with IN 21781 1586 6 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1586 7 5 5 CD 21781 1586 8 , , , 21781 1586 9 and and CC 21781 1586 10 convince convince VB 21781 1586 11 himself -PRON- PRP 21781 1586 12 that that IN 21781 1586 13 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1586 14 appreciates appreciate VBZ 21781 1586 15 the the DT 21781 1586 16 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 1586 17 rendering rendering NN 21781 1586 18 of of IN 21781 1586 19 these these DT 21781 1586 20 parts part NNS 21781 1586 21 . . . 21781 1587 1 Now now RB 21781 1587 2 all all PDT 21781 1587 3 the the DT 21781 1587 4 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 1587 5 differences difference NNS 21781 1587 6 in in IN 21781 1587 7 form form NN 21781 1587 8 , , , 21781 1587 9 from from IN 21781 1587 10 this this DT 21781 1587 11 of of IN 21781 1587 12 the the DT 21781 1587 13 dog dog NN 21781 1587 14 's 's POS 21781 1587 15 skull skull NN 21781 1587 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1587 17 D. D. NNP 21781 1587 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1587 19 , , , 21781 1587 20 are be VBP 21781 1587 21 reducible reducible JJ 21781 1587 22 to to IN 21781 1587 23 two two CD 21781 1587 24 primary primary JJ 21781 1587 25 causes-- causes-- NN 21781 1587 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1587 27 1 1 LS 21781 1587 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1587 29 The the DT 21781 1587 30 brain brain NN 21781 1587 31 is be VBZ 21781 1587 32 enormously enormously RB 21781 1587 33 larger large JJR 21781 1587 34 , , , 21781 1587 35 and and CC 21781 1587 36 the the DT 21781 1587 37 brain brain NN 21781 1587 38 - - HYPH 21781 1587 39 case case NN 21781 1587 40 is be VBZ 21781 1587 41 vastly vastly RB 21781 1587 42 inflated inflate VBN 21781 1587 43 , , , 21781 1587 44 so so RB 21781 1587 45 that-- that-- NNP 21781 1587 46 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1587 47 a a LS 21781 1587 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1587 49 the the DT 21781 1587 50 otic otic JJ 21781 1587 51 capsule capsule NN 21781 1587 52 becomes become VBZ 21781 1587 53 embedded embed VBN 21781 1587 54 in in IN 21781 1587 55 the the DT 21781 1587 56 brain brain NN 21781 1587 57 - - HYPH 21781 1587 58 case case NN 21781 1587 59 wall wall NN 21781 1587 60 ; ; , 21781 1587 61 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1587 62 b b LS 21781 1587 63 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1587 64 the the DT 21781 1587 65 palato palato JJ 21781 1587 66 - - HYPH 21781 1587 67 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1587 68 rod rod NN 21781 1587 69 lies lie VBZ 21781 1587 70 completely completely RB 21781 1587 71 underneath underneath IN 21781 1587 72 the the DT 21781 1587 73 brain brain NN 21781 1587 74 - - HYPH 21781 1587 75 case case NN 21781 1587 76 instead instead RB 21781 1587 77 of of IN 21781 1587 78 laterally laterally RB 21781 1587 79 to to IN 21781 1587 80 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1587 81 ; ; : 21781 1587 82 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1587 83 c c NN 21781 1587 84 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1587 85 the the DT 21781 1587 86 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1587 87 tilts tilt VBZ 21781 1587 88 down down RB 21781 1587 89 and and CC 21781 1587 90 in in RB 21781 1587 91 , , , 21781 1587 92 instead instead RB 21781 1587 93 of of IN 21781 1587 94 down down RB 21781 1587 95 and and CC 21781 1587 96 out out RB 21781 1587 97 , , , 21781 1587 98 and and CC 21781 1587 99 the the DT 21781 1587 100 lower low JJR 21781 1587 101 jaw jaw NN 21781 1587 102 articulates articulate VBZ 21781 1587 103 with with IN 21781 1587 104 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1587 105 outer outer JJ 21781 1587 106 surface surface NN 21781 1587 107 instead instead RB 21781 1587 108 of of IN 21781 1587 109 below below IN 21781 1587 110 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1587 111 inner inner JJ 21781 1587 112 , , , 21781 1587 113 and and CC 21781 1587 114 , , , 21781 1587 115 moreover moreover RB 21781 1587 116 , , , 21781 1587 117 with with IN 21781 1587 118 the the DT 21781 1587 119 enormous enormous JJ 21781 1587 120 distention distention NN 21781 1587 121 of of IN 21781 1587 122 the the DT 21781 1587 123 brain brain NN 21781 1587 124 - - HYPH 21781 1587 125 case case NN 21781 1587 126 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1587 127 comes come VBZ 21781 1587 128 about about IN 21781 1587 129 that that IN 21781 1587 130 the the DT 21781 1587 131 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1587 132 is be VBZ 21781 1587 133 incorporated incorporate VBN 21781 1587 134 with with IN 21781 1587 135 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1587 136 wall wall NN 21781 1587 137 . . . 21781 1588 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1588 2 2 2 LS 21781 1588 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1588 4 The the DT 21781 1588 5 maxilla maxilla NN 21781 1588 6 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 1588 7 and and CC 21781 1588 8 the the DT 21781 1588 9 palatine palatine NN 21781 1588 10 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1588 11 send send VBP 21781 1588 12 down down RP 21781 1588 13 palatine palatine JJ 21781 1588 14 plates plate NNS 21781 1588 15 that that WDT 21781 1588 16 grow grow VBP 21781 1588 17 in in RP 21781 1588 18 to to TO 21781 1588 19 form form VB 21781 1588 20 the the DT 21781 1588 21 bony bony NN 21781 1588 22 palate palate NN 21781 1588 23 , , , 21781 1588 24 cutting cut VBG 21781 1588 25 off off RP 21781 1588 26 a a DT 21781 1588 27 nasal nasal NN 21781 1588 28 passage passage NN 21781 1588 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1588 30 n.p n.p NNP 21781 1588 31 . . NNP 21781 1588 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1589 1 from from IN 21781 1589 2 the the DT 21781 1589 3 mouth mouth NNP 21781 1589 4 cavity cavity NNP 21781 1589 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1589 6 m.p m.p NNP 21781 1589 7 . . . 21781 1590 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1590 2 , , , 21781 1590 3 and and CC 21781 1590 4 carrying carry VBG 21781 1590 5 the the DT 21781 1590 6 posterior posterior NN 21781 1590 7 nares naris NNS 21781 1590 8 from from IN 21781 1590 9 the the DT 21781 1590 10 front front JJ 21781 1590 11 part part NN 21781 1590 12 of of IN 21781 1590 13 the the DT 21781 1590 14 mouth mouth NN 21781 1590 15 , , , 21781 1590 16 as as IN 21781 1590 17 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1590 18 are be VBP 21781 1590 19 in in IN 21781 1590 20 the the DT 21781 1590 21 frog frog NN 21781 1590 22 , , , 21781 1590 23 to to IN 21781 1590 24 the the DT 21781 1590 25 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1590 26 . . . 21781 1591 1 Hence hence RB 21781 1591 2 the the DT 21781 1591 3 vomers vomer NNS 21781 1591 4 of of IN 21781 1591 5 the the DT 21781 1591 6 dog dog NN 21781 1591 7 lie lie NN 21781 1591 8 , , , 21781 1591 9 not not RB 21781 1591 10 in in IN 21781 1591 11 the the DT 21781 1591 12 ceiling ceiling NN 21781 1591 13 of of IN 21781 1591 14 the the DT 21781 1591 15 mouth mouth NN 21781 1591 16 , , , 21781 1591 17 but but CC 21781 1591 18 in in IN 21781 1591 19 the the DT 21781 1591 20 floor floor NN 21781 1591 21 of of IN 21781 1591 22 this this DT 21781 1591 23 nasal nasal NN 21781 1591 24 passage passage NN 21781 1591 25 . . . 21781 1592 1 Section section NN 21781 1592 2 31 31 CD 21781 1592 3 . . . 21781 1593 1 The the DT 21781 1593 2 quadrate quadrate JJ 21781 1593 3 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1593 4 of of IN 21781 1593 5 the the DT 21781 1593 6 frog frog NN 21781 1593 7 is be VBZ 21781 1593 8 superseded supersede VBN 21781 1593 9 by by IN 21781 1593 10 the the DT 21781 1593 11 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1593 12 as as IN 21781 1593 13 the the DT 21781 1593 14 suspensorium suspensorium NN 21781 1593 15 of of IN 21781 1593 16 the the DT 21781 1593 17 lower low JJR 21781 1593 18 jaw jaw NN 21781 1593 19 . . . 21781 1594 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1594 2 is be VBZ 21781 1594 3 greatly greatly RB 21781 1594 4 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1594 5 , , , 21781 1594 6 therefore therefore RB 21781 1594 7 ; ; : 21781 1594 8 but but CC 21781 1594 9 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1594 10 is be VBZ 21781 1594 11 not not RB 21781 1594 12 entirely entirely RB 21781 1594 13 absent absent JJ 21781 1594 14 . . . 21781 1595 1 In in IN 21781 1595 2 the the DT 21781 1595 3 young young JJ 21781 1595 4 mammal mammal NN 21781 1595 5 , , , 21781 1595 6 a a DT 21781 1595 7 quadrate quadrate JJ 21781 1595 8 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1595 9 can can MD 21781 1595 10 be be VB 21781 1595 11 traced trace VBN 21781 1595 12 , , , 21781 1595 13 connected connect VBN 21781 1595 14 with with IN 21781 1595 15 the the DT 21781 1595 16 palato palato JJ 21781 1595 17 - - HYPH 21781 1595 18 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1595 19 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1595 20 , , , 21781 1595 21 and and CC 21781 1595 22 articulating articulate VBG 21781 1595 23 with with IN 21781 1595 24 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 1595 25 's 's POS 21781 1595 26 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1595 27 . . . 21781 1596 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1596 2 position position NN 21781 1596 3 is be VBZ 21781 1596 4 , , , 21781 1596 5 of of IN 21781 1596 6 course course NN 21781 1596 7 , , , 21781 1596 8 beneath beneath IN 21781 1596 9 the the DT 21781 1596 10 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 1596 11 , , , 21781 1596 12 and and CC 21781 1596 13 just just RB 21781 1596 14 outside outside IN 21781 1596 15 the the DT 21781 1596 16 otic otic JJ 21781 1596 17 capsule capsule NN 21781 1596 18 . . . 21781 1597 1 As as IN 21781 1597 2 development development NN 21781 1597 3 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 1597 4 , , , 21781 1597 5 the the DT 21781 1597 6 increase increase NN 21781 1597 7 in in IN 21781 1597 8 size size NN 21781 1597 9 of of IN 21781 1597 10 the the DT 21781 1597 11 quadrate quadrate NN 21781 1597 12 , , , 21781 1597 13 does do VBZ 21781 1597 14 not not RB 21781 1597 15 keep keep VB 21781 1597 16 pace pace NN 21781 1597 17 with with IN 21781 1597 18 that that DT 21781 1597 19 of of IN 21781 1597 20 the the DT 21781 1597 21 skull skull NN 21781 1597 22 structures structure NNS 21781 1597 23 . . . 21781 1598 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1598 2 loses lose VBZ 21781 1598 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1598 4 connection connection NN 21781 1598 5 with with IN 21781 1598 6 the the DT 21781 1598 7 palato palato NN 21781 1598 8 - - HYPH 21781 1598 9 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1598 10 , , , 21781 1598 11 and and CC 21781 1598 12 apparently apparently RB 21781 1598 13 ossifies ossify VBZ 21781 1598 14 as as IN 21781 1598 15 a a DT 21781 1598 16 small small JJ 21781 1598 17 ossicle-- ossicle-- NN 21781 1598 18 the the DT 21781 1598 19 incus incus NN 21781 1598 20 of of IN 21781 1598 21 the the DT 21781 1598 22 middle middle JJ 21781 1598 23 ear ear NN 21781 1598 24 . . . 21781 1599 1 A a DT 21781 1599 2 small small JJ 21781 1599 3 nodule nodule NN 21781 1599 4 of of IN 21781 1599 5 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1599 6 , , , 21781 1599 7 cut cut VBD 21781 1599 8 off off RP 21781 1599 9 from from IN 21781 1599 10 the the DT 21781 1599 11 proximal proximal JJ 21781 1599 12 end end NN 21781 1599 13 of of IN 21781 1599 14 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 1599 15 's 's POS 21781 1599 16 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1599 17 , , , 21781 1599 18 becomes become VBZ 21781 1599 19 the the DT 21781 1599 20 malleus malleus NN 21781 1599 21 . . . 21781 1600 1 The the DT 21781 1600 2 stapes stape NNS 21781 1600 3 would would MD 21781 1600 4 appear appear VB 21781 1600 5 to to TO 21781 1600 6 be be VB 21781 1600 7 derived derive VBN 21781 1600 8 from from IN 21781 1600 9 the the DT 21781 1600 10 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1600 11 arch arch NN 21781 1600 12 . . . 21781 1601 1 Hence hence RB 21781 1601 2 these these DT 21781 1601 3 small small JJ 21781 1601 4 bones bone NNS 21781 1601 5 seem seem VBP 21781 1601 6 to to TO 21781 1601 7 be be VB 21781 1601 8 the the DT 21781 1601 9 relics relic NNS 21781 1601 10 of of IN 21781 1601 11 the the DT 21781 1601 12 discarded discard VBN 21781 1601 13 jaw jaw NN 21781 1601 14 suspensorium suspensorium NN 21781 1601 15 of of IN 21781 1601 16 the the DT 21781 1601 17 frog frog NN 21781 1601 18 utilized utilize VBN 21781 1601 19 in in IN 21781 1601 20 a a DT 21781 1601 21 new new JJ 21781 1601 22 function function NN 21781 1601 23 . . . 21781 1602 1 Considerable considerable JJ 21781 1602 2 doubt doubt NN 21781 1602 3 , , , 21781 1602 4 however however RB 21781 1602 5 , , , 21781 1602 6 attaches attach VBZ 21781 1602 7 to to IN 21781 1602 8 this this DT 21781 1602 9 interpretation-- interpretation-- JJ 21781 1602 10 doubt doubt NN 21781 1602 11 that that IN 21781 1602 12 , , , 21781 1602 13 if if IN 21781 1602 14 anything anything NN 21781 1602 15 , , , 21781 1602 16 is be VBZ 21781 1602 17 gaining gain VBG 21781 1602 18 ground ground NN 21781 1602 19 . . . 21781 1603 1 Section section NN 21781 1603 2 32 32 CD 21781 1603 3 . . . 21781 1604 1 The the DT 21781 1604 2 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 1604 3 bulla bulla NN 21781 1604 4 of of IN 21781 1604 5 the the DT 21781 1604 6 dog dog NN 21781 1604 7 is be VBZ 21781 1604 8 not not RB 21781 1604 9 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1604 10 in in IN 21781 1604 11 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 1604 12 9 9 CD 21781 1604 13 , , , 21781 1604 14 and and CC 21781 1604 15 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1604 16 would would MD 21781 1604 17 appear appear VB 21781 1604 18 to to TO 21781 1604 19 be be VB 21781 1604 20 a a DT 21781 1604 21 new new JJ 21781 1604 22 structure structure NN 21781 1604 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1604 24 neomorph neomorph NNP 21781 1604 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1604 26 , , , 21781 1604 27 not not RB 21781 1604 28 represented represent VBN 21781 1604 29 in in IN 21781 1604 30 the the DT 21781 1604 31 frog frog NN 21781 1604 32 . . . 21781 1605 1 Section section NN 21781 1605 2 33 33 CD 21781 1605 3 . . . 21781 1606 1 Besides besides IN 21781 1606 2 these these DT 21781 1606 3 great great JJ 21781 1606 4 differences difference NNS 21781 1606 5 in in IN 21781 1606 6 form form NN 21781 1606 7 , , , 21781 1606 8 there there EX 21781 1606 9 are be VBP 21781 1606 10 important important JJ 21781 1606 11 differences difference NNS 21781 1606 12 in in IN 21781 1606 13 the the DT 21781 1606 14 amount amount NN 21781 1606 15 and and CC 21781 1606 16 distribution distribution NN 21781 1606 17 of of IN 21781 1606 18 centres centre NNS 21781 1606 19 of of IN 21781 1606 20 ossification ossification NN 21781 1606 21 of of IN 21781 1606 22 the the DT 21781 1606 23 skull skull NN 21781 1606 24 of of IN 21781 1606 25 frog frog NN 21781 1606 26 and and CC 21781 1606 27 mammal mammal NN 21781 1606 28 . . . 21781 1607 1 There there EX 21781 1607 2 is be VBZ 21781 1607 3 no no DT 21781 1607 4 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 21781 1607 5 in in IN 21781 1607 6 the the DT 21781 1607 7 mammal mammal JJ 21781 1607 8 * * NFP 21781 1607 9 ; ; : 21781 1607 10 and and CC 21781 1607 11 , , , 21781 1607 12 instead instead RB 21781 1607 13 , , , 21781 1607 14 a a DT 21781 1607 15 complete complete JJ 21781 1607 16 series series NN 21781 1607 17 of of IN 21781 1607 18 ossifications ossification NNS 21781 1607 19 , , , 21781 1607 20 the the DT 21781 1607 21 median- median- NN 21781 1607 22 , , , 21781 1607 23 basi- basi- XX 21781 1607 24 , , , 21781 1607 25 and and CC 21781 1607 26 pre pre JJ 21781 1607 27 - - NNS 21781 1607 28 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 1607 29 , , , 21781 1607 30 and and CC 21781 1607 31 the the DT 21781 1607 32 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1607 33 ali- ali- NN 21781 1607 34 and and CC 21781 1607 35 orbito orbito NNP 21781 1607 36 - - HYPH 21781 1607 37 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 1607 38 occur occur VBP 21781 1607 39 . . . 21781 1608 1 The the DT 21781 1608 2 points point NNS 21781 1608 3 can can MD 21781 1608 4 be be VB 21781 1608 5 rendered render VBN 21781 1608 6 much much RB 21781 1608 7 more more RBR 21781 1608 8 luminously luminously RB 21781 1608 9 in in IN 21781 1608 10 a a DT 21781 1608 11 diagram diagram NN 21781 1608 12 than than IN 21781 1608 13 in in IN 21781 1608 14 the the DT 21781 1608 15 text text NN 21781 1608 16 , , , 21781 1608 17 and and CC 21781 1608 18 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1608 19 would would MD 21781 1608 20 counsel counsel VB 21781 1608 21 the the DT 21781 1608 22 student student NN 21781 1608 23 to to TO 21781 1608 24 compare compare VB 21781 1608 25 this this DT 21781 1608 26 very very RB 21781 1608 27 carefully carefully RB 21781 1608 28 with with IN 21781 1608 29 that that DT 21781 1608 30 of of IN 21781 1608 31 the the DT 21781 1608 32 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1608 33 . . . 21781 1609 1 * * NFP 21781 1609 2 Faint faint JJ 21781 1609 3 vestigeal vestigeal NN 21781 1609 4 indications indication NNS 21781 1609 5 occur occur VBP 21781 1609 6 in in IN 21781 1609 7 the the DT 21781 1609 8 developing develop VBG 21781 1609 9 skulls skull NNS 21781 1609 10 of of IN 21781 1609 11 some some DT 21781 1609 12 insectivora insectivora NN 21781 1609 13 . . . 21781 1610 1 Section section NN 21781 1610 2 34 34 CD 21781 1610 3 . . . 21781 1611 1 -Cranium -Cranium NNP 21781 1611 2 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 3 -Nasal -Nasal NNP 21781 1611 4 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 6 paired pair VBN 21781 1611 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 8 , , , 21781 1611 9 -Vomer -Vomer NNP 21781 1611 10 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 12 paired pair VBN 21781 1611 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 14 -Fronto -Fronto : 21781 1611 15 - - : 21781 1611 16 Parietal Parietal NNP 21781 1611 17 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 18 , , , 21781 1611 19 Sphenethmoid Sphenethmoid NNP 21781 1611 20 Bone Bone NNP 21781 1611 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 22 median median NNP 21781 1611 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 24 , , , 21781 1611 25 Eye Eye NNP 21781 1611 26 , , , 21781 1611 27 Pro pro JJ 21781 1611 28 - - JJ 21781 1611 29 otic otic JJ 21781 1611 30 Bone Bone NNP 21781 1611 31 , , , 21781 1611 32 Otic Otic NNP 21781 1611 33 Cartilage Cartilage NNP 21781 1611 34 , , , 21781 1611 35 Ex ex NN 21781 1611 36 - - NN 21781 1611 37 occipital occipital JJ 21781 1611 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 39 paired pair VBN 21781 1611 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 41 -Para -para NN 21781 1611 42 - - HYPH 21781 1611 43 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 1611 44 Bone Bone NNP 21781 1611 45 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 46 -Upper -Upper NNP 21781 1611 47 Jaw Jaw NNP 21781 1611 48 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 49 -Pre -Pre NNP 21781 1611 50 - - : 21781 1611 51 Maxilla Maxilla NNP 21781 1611 52 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 53 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 54 paired pair VBN 21781 1611 55 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 56 , , , 21781 1611 57 -Palatine -Palatine NNP 21781 1611 58 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 59 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 60 paired pair VBN 21781 1611 61 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 62 , , , 21781 1611 63 Pterygoid Pterygoid NNP 21781 1611 64 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1611 65 paired pair VBN 21781 1611 66 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1611 67 , , , 21781 1611 68 -Squamosal -Squamosal NNP 21781 1611 69 _ _ NNP 21781 1611 70 , , , 21781 1611 71 Quadrate Quadrate NNP 21781 1611 72 Cartilage Cartilage NNP 21781 1611 73 { { -LRB- 21781 1611 74 To to IN 21781 1611 75 1 1 CD 21781 1611 76 . . . 21781 1611 77 } } -RRB- 21781 1612 1 -Maxilla -Maxilla NNP 21781 1612 2 _ _ NNP 21781 1612 3 1 1 CD 21781 1612 4 . . . 21781 1613 1 Quadrato Quadrato NNP 21781 1613 2 - - HYPH 21781 1613 3 Jugal Jugal NNP 21781 1613 4 -Lower -Lower -LRB- 21781 1613 5 Jaw Jaw NNP 21781 1613 6 _ _ NNP 21781 1613 7 Mento Mento NNP 21781 1613 8 - - HYPH 21781 1613 9 meckelian meckelian NNP 21781 1613 10 , , , 21781 1613 11 -Dentary -Dentary NNP 21781 1613 12 _ _ NNP 21781 1613 13 , , , 21781 1613 14 -Articulare- -Articulare- : 21781 1613 15 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1613 16 -Angulo -Angulo : 21781 1613 17 Splenial Splenial NNP 21781 1613 18 _ _ NNP 21781 1613 19 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1613 20 Section Section NNP 21781 1613 21 35 35 CD 21781 1613 22 . . . 21781 1614 1 -Points -point NNS 21781 1614 2 especially- especially- XX 21781 1614 3 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1614 4 Additional additional JJ 21781 1614 5 points point NNS 21781 1614 6 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1614 7 to to TO 21781 1614 8 be be VB 21781 1614 9 noticed notice VBN 21781 1614 10 are be VBP 21781 1614 11 : : : 21781 1614 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1614 13 1 1 LS 21781 1614 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1614 15 The the DT 21781 1614 16 otic otic JJ 21781 1614 17 capsule capsule NN 21781 1614 18 (= (= NNP 21781 1614 19 periotic periotic JJ 21781 1614 20 bone bone NN 21781 1614 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1614 22 of of IN 21781 1614 23 the the DT 21781 1614 24 dog dog NN 21781 1614 25 ossifies ossifie NNS 21781 1614 26 from from IN 21781 1614 27 a a DT 21781 1614 28 number number NN 21781 1614 29 of of IN 21781 1614 30 centres centre NNS 21781 1614 31 , , , 21781 1614 32 one one CD 21781 1614 33 of of IN 21781 1614 34 which which WDT 21781 1614 35 is be VBZ 21781 1614 36 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1614 37 to to IN 21781 1614 38 the the DT 21781 1614 39 frog frog NN 21781 1614 40 's 's POS 21781 1614 41 prootic prootic JJ 21781 1614 42 . . . 21781 1615 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1615 2 2 2 LS 21781 1615 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1615 4 The the DT 21781 1615 5 several several JJ 21781 1615 6 constituents constituent NNS 21781 1615 7 of of IN 21781 1615 8 the the DT 21781 1615 9 lower low JJR 21781 1615 10 jaw jaw NN 21781 1615 11 are be VBP 21781 1615 12 not not RB 21781 1615 13 to to TO 21781 1615 14 be be VB 21781 1615 15 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 1615 16 in in IN 21781 1615 17 the the DT 21781 1615 18 adult adult NN 21781 1615 19 mammal mammal JJ 21781 1615 20 . . . 21781 1616 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1616 2 3 3 LS 21781 1616 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1616 4 The the DT 21781 1616 5 frog frog NN 21781 1616 6 has have VBZ 21781 1616 7 no no DT 21781 1616 8 lachrymal lachrymal JJ 21781 1616 9 bone bone NN 21781 1616 10 . . . 21781 1617 1 Section section NN 21781 1617 2 36 36 CD 21781 1617 3 . . . 21781 1618 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1618 2 are be VBP 21781 1618 3 now now RB 21781 1618 4 in in IN 21781 1618 5 a a DT 21781 1618 6 position position NN 21781 1618 7 to to TO 21781 1618 8 notice notice VB 21781 1618 9 , , , 21781 1618 10 without without IN 21781 1618 11 any any DT 21781 1618 12 danger danger NN 21781 1618 13 of of IN 21781 1618 14 misconception misconception NN 21781 1618 15 , , , 21781 1618 16 what what WP 21781 1618 17 is be VBZ 21781 1618 18 called call VBN 21781 1618 19 the the DT 21781 1618 20 segmental segmental JJ 21781 1618 21 theory theory NN 21781 1618 22 of of IN 21781 1618 23 the the DT 21781 1618 24 skull skull NN 21781 1618 25 . . . 21781 1619 1 Older old JJR 21781 1619 2 anatomists anatomist NNS 21781 1619 3 , , , 21781 1619 4 working work VBG 21781 1619 5 from from IN 21781 1619 6 adult adult NN 21781 1619 7 structure structure NN 21781 1619 8 only only RB 21781 1619 9 , , , 21781 1619 10 conceived conceive VBD 21781 1619 11 the the DT 21781 1619 12 idea idea NN 21781 1619 13 that that IN 21781 1619 14 the the DT 21781 1619 15 brain brain NN 21781 1619 16 - - HYPH 21781 1619 17 case case NN 21781 1619 18 of of IN 21781 1619 19 the the DT 21781 1619 20 mammal mammal NN 21781 1619 21 represented represent VBD 21781 1619 22 three three CD 21781 1619 23 inflated inflated JJ 21781 1619 24 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1619 25 . . . 21781 1620 1 The the DT 21781 1620 2 most most JJS 21781 1620 3 anterior anterior NN 21781 1620 4 had have VBD 21781 1620 5 the the DT 21781 1620 6 pre pre NN 21781 1620 7 - - NN 21781 1620 8 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 1620 9 for for IN 21781 1620 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1620 11 body body NN 21781 1620 12 , , , 21781 1620 13 the the DT 21781 1620 14 orbito orbito NN 21781 1620 15 - - HYPH 21781 1620 16 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 1620 17 for for IN 21781 1620 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1620 19 neural neural JJ 21781 1620 20 processes process NNS 21781 1620 21 , , , 21781 1620 22 and and CC 21781 1620 23 the the DT 21781 1620 24 arch arch NN 21781 1620 25 was be VBD 21781 1620 26 completed complete VBN 21781 1620 27 above above IN 21781 1620 28 by by IN 21781 1620 29 the the DT 21781 1620 30 frontals frontal NNS 21781 1620 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1620 32 frontal frontal JJ 21781 1620 33 segment segment NN 21781 1620 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1620 35 . . . 21781 1621 1 Similarly similarly RB 21781 1621 2 , , , 21781 1621 3 the the DT 21781 1621 4 basi basi NN 21781 1621 5 - - HYPH 21781 1621 6 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 1621 7 , , , 21781 1621 8 ali ali NNP 21781 1621 9 - - HYPH 21781 1621 10 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 1621 11 , , , 21781 1621 12 and and CC 21781 1621 13 parietals parietal NNS 21781 1621 14 formed form VBD 21781 1621 15 a a DT 21781 1621 16 second second JJ 21781 1621 17 arch arch NN 21781 1621 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1621 19 parietal parietal JJ 21781 1621 20 segment segment NN 21781 1621 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1621 22 , , , 21781 1621 23 and and CC 21781 1621 24 the the DT 21781 1621 25 ex- ex- XX 21781 1621 26 , , , 21781 1621 27 basi- basi- JJ 21781 1621 28 , , , 21781 1621 29 and and CC 21781 1621 30 supra supra NNP 21781 1621 31 - - HYPH 21781 1621 32 occipitals occipital NNS 21781 1621 33 a a DT 21781 1621 34 third third JJ 21781 1621 35 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1621 36 occipital occipital JJ 21781 1621 37 segment segment NN 21781 1621 38 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1621 39 . . . 21781 1622 1 If if IN 21781 1622 2 this this DT 21781 1622 3 were be VBD 21781 1622 4 correct correct JJ 21781 1622 5 , , , 21781 1622 6 in in IN 21781 1622 7 the the DT 21781 1622 8 frog frog NN 21781 1622 9 , , , 21781 1622 10 which which WDT 21781 1622 11 is be VBZ 21781 1622 12 a a DT 21781 1622 13 more more RBR 21781 1622 14 primitive primitive JJ 21781 1622 15 rendering rendering NN 21781 1622 16 of of IN 21781 1622 17 the the DT 21781 1622 18 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1622 19 plan plan NN 21781 1622 20 , , , 21781 1622 21 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1622 22 should should MD 21781 1622 23 find find VB 21781 1622 24 the the DT 21781 1622 25 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1622 26 characters character NNS 21781 1622 27 more more RBR 21781 1622 28 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1622 29 . . . 21781 1623 1 But but CC 21781 1623 2 , , , 21781 1623 3 as as IN 21781 1623 4 a a DT 21781 1623 5 matter matter NN 21781 1623 6 of of IN 21781 1623 7 fact fact NN 21781 1623 8 , , , 21781 1623 9 as as IN 21781 1623 10 the the DT 21781 1623 11 student student NN 21781 1623 12 will will MD 21781 1623 13 perceive perceive VB 21781 1623 14 , , , 21781 1623 15 frontal frontal JJ 21781 1623 16 segment segment NN 21781 1623 17 , , , 21781 1623 18 parietal parietal JJ 21781 1623 19 segment segment NN 21781 1623 20 , , , 21781 1623 21 and and CC 21781 1623 22 occipital occipital JJ 21781 1623 23 segment segment NN 21781 1623 24 , , , 21781 1623 25 can can MD 21781 1623 26 no no RB 21781 1623 27 longer longer RB 21781 1623 28 be be VB 21781 1623 29 traced trace VBN 21781 1623 30 ; ; : 21781 1623 31 and and CC 21781 1623 32 the the DT 21781 1623 33 mode mode NN 21781 1623 34 of of IN 21781 1623 35 origin origin NN 21781 1623 36 from from IN 21781 1623 37 trabeculae trabeculae NNP 21781 1623 38 and and CC 21781 1623 39 para para NNP 21781 1623 40 - - HYPH 21781 1623 41 chordals chordal NNS 21781 1623 42 show show VBP 21781 1623 43 very very RB 21781 1623 44 clearly clearly RB 21781 1623 45 the the DT 21781 1623 46 falsity falsity NN 21781 1623 47 of of IN 21781 1623 48 this this DT 21781 1623 49 view view NN 21781 1623 50 . . . 21781 1624 1 The the DT 21781 1624 2 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1624 3 cranium cranium NN 21781 1624 4 is be VBZ 21781 1624 5 entirely entirely RB 21781 1624 6 different different JJ 21781 1624 7 in in IN 21781 1624 8 nature nature NN 21781 1624 9 from from IN 21781 1624 10 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1624 11 . . . 21781 1625 1 The the DT 21781 1625 2 origin origin NN 21781 1625 3 of of IN 21781 1625 4 the the DT 21781 1625 5 parietals parietal NNS 21781 1625 6 and and CC 21781 1625 7 frontals frontal NNS 21781 1625 8 as as IN 21781 1625 9 paired pair VBN 21781 1625 10 bones bone NNS 21781 1625 11 in in IN 21781 1625 12 membrane membrane NN 21781 1625 13 reinforces reinforce NNS 21781 1625 14 this this DT 21781 1625 15 conclusion conclusion NN 21781 1625 16 . . . 21781 1626 1 Section section NN 21781 1626 2 37 37 CD 21781 1626 3 . . . 21781 1627 1 But but CC 21781 1627 2 as as RB 21781 1627 3 certainly certainly RB 21781 1627 4 as as IN 21781 1627 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1627 6 have have VBP 21781 1627 7 no no DT 21781 1627 8 such such JJ 21781 1627 9 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1627 10 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1627 11 , , , 21781 1627 12 as as IN 21781 1627 13 this this DT 21781 1627 14 older old JJR 21781 1627 15 view view NN 21781 1627 16 implies imply VBZ 21781 1627 17 , , , 21781 1627 18 in in IN 21781 1627 19 the the DT 21781 1627 20 brain brain NN 21781 1627 21 - - HYPH 21781 1627 22 case case NN 21781 1627 23 of of IN 21781 1627 24 the the DT 21781 1627 25 frog frog NN 21781 1627 26 , , , 21781 1627 27 so so RB 21781 1627 28 quite quite RB 21781 1627 29 as as IN 21781 1627 30 certainly certainly RB 21781 1627 31 is be VBZ 21781 1627 32 metameric metameric JJ 21781 1627 33 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1627 34 evident evident JJ 21781 1627 35 in in IN 21781 1627 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1627 37 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1627 38 arches arch NNS 21781 1627 39 . . . 21781 1628 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1628 2 have have VBP 21781 1628 3 the the DT 21781 1628 4 four four CD 21781 1628 5 gill gill JJ 21781 1628 6 slits slit NNS 21781 1628 7 of of IN 21781 1628 8 the the DT 21781 1628 9 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1628 10 and and CC 21781 1628 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1628 12 bars bar NNS 21781 1628 13 repeating repeat VBG 21781 1628 14 one one CD 21781 1628 15 another another DT 21781 1628 16 ; ; : 21781 1628 17 the the DT 21781 1628 18 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1628 19 bar bar NN 21781 1628 20 in in IN 21781 1628 21 front front NN 21781 1628 22 of of IN 21781 1628 23 these these DT 21781 1628 24 is be VBZ 21781 1628 25 evidently evidently RB 21781 1628 26 of of IN 21781 1628 27 a a DT 21781 1628 28 similar similar JJ 21781 1628 29 nature nature NN 21781 1628 30 ; ; : 21781 1628 31 and and CC 21781 1628 32 that that IN 21781 1628 33 the the DT 21781 1628 34 ear ear NN 21781 1628 35 drum drum NN 21781 1628 36 is be VBZ 21781 1628 37 derived derive VBN 21781 1628 38 from from IN 21781 1628 39 an an DT 21781 1628 40 imperforate imperforate JJ 21781 1628 41 gill gill JJ 21781 1628 42 slit slit NN 21781 1628 43 is be VBZ 21781 1628 44 enforced enforce VBN 21781 1628 45 by by IN 21781 1628 46 the the DT 21781 1628 47 presence presence NN 21781 1628 48 of of IN 21781 1628 49 an an DT 21781 1628 50 open open JJ 21781 1628 51 slit slit NN 21781 1628 52 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1628 53 the the DT 21781 1628 54 spiracle spiracle NN 21781 1628 55 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1628 56 in in IN 21781 1628 57 the the DT 21781 1628 58 rays ray NNS 21781 1628 59 and and CC 21781 1628 60 dog dog NN 21781 1628 61 - - HYPH 21781 1628 62 fish fish NN 21781 1628 63 in in IN 21781 1628 64 an an DT 21781 1628 65 entirely entirely RB 21781 1628 66 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1628 67 position position NN 21781 1628 68 . . . 21781 1629 1 Does do VBZ 21781 1629 2 the the DT 21781 1629 3 mouth mouth NN 21781 1629 4 answer answer VB 21781 1629 5 to to IN 21781 1629 6 a a DT 21781 1629 7 further further JJ 21781 1629 8 pair pair NN 21781 1629 9 of of IN 21781 1629 10 gill gill JJ 21781 1629 11 slits slit NNS 21781 1629 12 , , , 21781 1629 13 and and CC 21781 1629 14 is be VBZ 21781 1629 15 the the DT 21781 1629 16 jaw jaw NN 21781 1629 17 arch arch NN 21781 1629 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1629 19 palato palato NN 21781 1629 20 - - HYPH 21781 1629 21 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1629 22 + + NNP 21781 1629 23 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 1629 24 's 's POS 21781 1629 25 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1629 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1629 27 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1629 28 to to IN 21781 1629 29 the the DT 21781 1629 30 arches arch NNS 21781 1629 31 that that WDT 21781 1629 32 come come VBP 21781 1629 33 behind behind IN 21781 1629 34 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1629 35 ? ? . 21781 1630 1 This this DT 21781 1630 2 question question NN 21781 1630 3 has have VBZ 21781 1630 4 been be VBN 21781 1630 5 asked ask VBN 21781 1630 6 , , , 21781 1630 7 and and CC 21781 1630 8 answered answer VBN 21781 1630 9 in in IN 21781 1630 10 the the DT 21781 1630 11 affirmative affirmative JJ 21781 1630 12 , , , 21781 1630 13 by by IN 21781 1630 14 many many JJ 21781 1630 15 morphologists morphologist NNS 21781 1630 16 , , , 21781 1630 17 but but CC 21781 1630 18 not not RB 21781 1630 19 by by IN 21781 1630 20 any any DT 21781 1630 21 means mean NNS 21781 1630 22 by by RB 21781 1630 23 all all DT 21781 1630 24 . . . 21781 1631 1 The the DT 21781 1631 2 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1631 3 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1631 4 have have VBP 21781 1631 5 a a DT 21781 1631 6 curious curious JJ 21781 1631 7 similarity similarity NN 21781 1631 8 of of IN 21781 1631 9 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 1631 10 with with IN 21781 1631 11 regard regard NN 21781 1631 12 to to IN 21781 1631 13 the the DT 21781 1631 14 gill gill JJ 21781 1631 15 slits slit NNS 21781 1631 16 and and CC 21781 1631 17 the the DT 21781 1631 18 mouth mouth NN 21781 1631 19 ; ; : 21781 1631 20 the the DT 21781 1631 21 fifth fifth JJ 21781 1631 22 nerve nerve NN 21781 1631 23 forks fork NNS 21781 1631 24 over over IN 21781 1631 25 the the DT 21781 1631 26 mouth mouth NN 21781 1631 27 , , , 21781 1631 28 the the DT 21781 1631 29 seventh seventh JJ 21781 1631 30 forks fork NNS 21781 1631 31 over over IN 21781 1631 32 the the DT 21781 1631 33 ear ear NN 21781 1631 34 drum drum NN 21781 1631 35 , , , 21781 1631 36 the the DT 21781 1631 37 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1631 38 , , , 21781 1631 39 in in IN 21781 1631 40 the the DT 21781 1631 41 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1631 42 and and CC 21781 1631 43 fish fish NN 21781 1631 44 , , , 21781 1631 45 forks fork NNS 21781 1631 46 over over IN 21781 1631 47 the the DT 21781 1631 48 first first JJ 21781 1631 49 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1631 50 slit slit NN 21781 1631 51 , , , 21781 1631 52 and and CC 21781 1631 53 the the DT 21781 1631 54 tenth tenth NN 21781 1631 55 is be VBZ 21781 1631 56 , , , 21781 1631 57 as as IN 21781 1631 58 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1631 59 were be VBD 21781 1631 60 , , , 21781 1631 61 a a DT 21781 1631 62 leash leash NN 21781 1631 63 of of IN 21781 1631 64 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1631 65 , , , 21781 1631 66 each each DT 21781 1631 67 forking fork VBG 21781 1631 68 over over IN 21781 1631 69 one one CD 21781 1631 70 of of IN 21781 1631 71 the the DT 21781 1631 72 remaining remain VBG 21781 1631 73 gill gill JJ 21781 1631 74 slits slit NNS 21781 1631 75 . . . 21781 1632 1 But but CC 21781 1632 2 this this DT 21781 1632 3 matter matter NN 21781 1632 4 will will MD 21781 1632 5 be be VB 21781 1632 6 more more RBR 21781 1632 7 intelligible intelligible JJ 21781 1632 8 when when WRB 21781 1632 9 the the DT 21781 1632 10 student student NN 21781 1632 11 has have VBZ 21781 1632 12 worked work VBN 21781 1632 13 over over IN 21781 1632 14 a a DT 21781 1632 15 fish fish NN 21781 1632 16 type type NN 21781 1632 17 , , , 21781 1632 18 and and CC 21781 1632 19 need nee MD 21781 1632 20 not not RB 21781 1632 21 detain detain VB 21781 1632 22 us -PRON- PRP 21781 1632 23 any any DT 21781 1632 24 further further RB 21781 1632 25 now now RB 21781 1632 26 . . . 21781 1633 1 Section section NN 21781 1633 2 38 38 CD 21781 1633 3 . . . 21781 1634 1 See see VB 21781 1634 2 also also RB 21781 1634 3 Section section NN 21781 1634 4 13 13 CD 21781 1634 5 again again RB 21781 1634 6 , , , 21781 1634 7 in in IN 21781 1634 8 which which WDT 21781 1634 9 is be VBZ 21781 1634 10 the the DT 21781 1634 11 suggestion suggestion NN 21781 1634 12 that that IN 21781 1634 13 the the DT 21781 1634 14 occipital occipital JJ 21781 1634 15 part part NN 21781 1634 16 of of IN 21781 1634 17 the the DT 21781 1634 18 skull skull NN 21781 1634 19 is be VBZ 21781 1634 20 possibly possibly RB 21781 1634 21 a a DT 21781 1634 22 fusion fusion NN 21781 1634 23 of of IN 21781 1634 24 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1634 25 , , , 21781 1634 26 a a DT 21781 1634 27 new new JJ 21781 1634 28 view view NN 21781 1634 29 with with IN 21781 1634 30 much much JJ 21781 1634 31 in in IN 21781 1634 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1634 33 favour favour NN 21781 1634 34 , , , 21781 1634 35 and and CC 21781 1634 36 obviously obviously RB 21781 1634 37 an an DT 21781 1634 38 entirely entirely RB 21781 1634 39 different different JJ 21781 1634 40 one one CD 21781 1634 41 from from IN 21781 1634 42 the the DT 21781 1634 43 old old JJ 21781 1634 44 " " `` 21781 1634 45 segmental segmental JJ 21781 1634 46 " " '' 21781 1634 47 view view NN 21781 1634 48 of of IN 21781 1634 49 the the DT 21781 1634 50 entire entire JJ 21781 1634 51 skull skull NN 21781 1634 52 , , , 21781 1634 53 discussed discuss VBN 21781 1634 54 in in IN 21781 1634 55 Section section NN 21781 1634 56 36 36 CD 21781 1634 57 . . . 21781 1635 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1635 2 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 1635 3 on on IN 21781 1635 4 the the DT 21781 1635 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 1635 6 _ _ NNP 21781 1635 7 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1635 8 All all PDT 21781 1635 9 these these DT 21781 1635 10 questions question NNS 21781 1635 11 were be VBD 21781 1635 12 actually actually RB 21781 1635 13 set set VBN 21781 1635 14 at at IN 21781 1635 15 London London NNP 21781 1635 16 University University NNP 21781 1635 17 Examinations Examinations NNPS 21781 1635 18 . . . 21781 1635 19 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1636 1 { { -LRB- 21781 1636 2 In in IN 21781 1636 3 Both both DT 21781 1636 4 Editions Editions NNPS 21781 1636 5 . . . 21781 1636 6 } } -RRB- 21781 1637 1 1 1 LS 21781 1637 2 . . . 21781 1638 1 Give give VB 21781 1638 2 an an DT 21781 1638 3 account account NN 21781 1638 4 , , , 21781 1638 5 with with IN 21781 1638 6 illustrative illustrative JJ 21781 1638 7 sketches sketch NNS 21781 1638 8 , , , 21781 1638 9 of of IN 21781 1638 10 the the DT 21781 1638 11 digestive digestive JJ 21781 1638 12 organs organ NNS 21781 1638 13 of of IN 21781 1638 14 the the DT 21781 1638 15 common common JJ 21781 1638 16 frog frog NN 21781 1638 17 , , , 21781 1638 18 specifying specify VBG 21781 1638 19 particularly particularly RB 21781 1638 20 the the DT 21781 1638 21 different different JJ 21781 1638 22 forms form NNS 21781 1638 23 of of IN 21781 1638 24 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 1638 25 met meet VBN 21781 1638 26 with with IN 21781 1638 27 in in IN 21781 1638 28 the the DT 21781 1638 29 several several JJ 21781 1638 30 regions region NNS 21781 1638 31 thereof thereof RB 21781 1638 32 . . . 21781 1639 1 2 2 LS 21781 1639 2 . . . 21781 1640 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1640 2 the the DT 21781 1640 3 heart heart NN 21781 1640 4 of of IN 21781 1640 5 a a DT 21781 1640 6 frog frog NN 21781 1640 7 , , , 21781 1640 8 and and CC 21781 1640 9 compare compare VB 21781 1640 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1640 11 with with IN 21781 1640 12 that that DT 21781 1640 13 of of IN 21781 1640 14 a a DT 21781 1640 15 fish fish NN 21781 1640 16 and and CC 21781 1640 17 of of IN 21781 1640 18 a a DT 21781 1640 19 mammal mammal JJ 21781 1640 20 , , , 21781 1640 21 mentioning mention VBG 21781 1640 22 in in IN 21781 1640 23 each each DT 21781 1640 24 case case NN 21781 1640 25 the the DT 21781 1640 26 great great JJ 21781 1640 27 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1640 28 which which WDT 21781 1640 29 open open VBP 21781 1640 30 into into IN 21781 1640 31 each each DT 21781 1640 32 cavity cavity NN 21781 1640 33 . . . 21781 1641 1 3 3 LS 21781 1641 2 . . . 21781 1642 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1642 2 with with IN 21781 1642 3 one one NN 21781 1642 4 another another DT 21781 1642 5 the the DT 21781 1642 6 breathing breathing NN 21781 1642 7 organs organ NNS 21781 1642 8 and and CC 21781 1642 9 the the DT 21781 1642 10 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 1642 11 of of IN 21781 1642 12 respiration respiration NN 21781 1642 13 in in IN 21781 1642 14 a a DT 21781 1642 15 frog frog NN 21781 1642 16 and and CC 21781 1642 17 in in IN 21781 1642 18 a a DT 21781 1642 19 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1642 20 . . . 21781 1643 1 Give give VB 21781 1643 2 figures figure NNS 21781 1643 3 showing show VBG 21781 1643 4 the the DT 21781 1643 5 condition condition NN 21781 1643 6 of of IN 21781 1643 7 the the DT 21781 1643 8 heart heart NN 21781 1643 9 and and CC 21781 1643 10 great great JJ 21781 1643 11 arteries artery NNS 21781 1643 12 in in IN 21781 1643 13 these these DT 21781 1643 14 animals animal NNS 21781 1643 15 , , , 21781 1643 16 and and CC 21781 1643 17 indicate indicate VBP 21781 1643 18 in in IN 21781 1643 19 each each DT 21781 1643 20 case case NN 21781 1643 21 the the DT 21781 1643 22 nature nature NN 21781 1643 23 of of IN 21781 1643 24 the the DT 21781 1643 25 blood blood NN 21781 1643 26 in in IN 21781 1643 27 the the DT 21781 1643 28 several several JJ 21781 1643 29 cavities cavity NNS 21781 1643 30 of of IN 21781 1643 31 the the DT 21781 1643 32 heart heart NN 21781 1643 33 . . . 21781 1644 1 4 4 LS 21781 1644 2 . . . 21781 1645 1 Draw draw NN 21781 1645 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1645 3 , , , 21781 1645 4 with with IN 21781 1645 5 the the DT 21781 1645 6 parts part NNS 21781 1645 7 named name VBN 21781 1645 8 , , , 21781 1645 9 illustrating illustrate VBG 21781 1645 10 the the DT 21781 1645 11 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 1645 12 of of IN 21781 1645 13 the the DT 21781 1645 14 chief chief JJ 21781 1645 15 arteries artery NNS 21781 1645 16 of of IN 21781 1645 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1645 18 a a LS 21781 1645 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1645 20 the the DT 21781 1645 21 frog frog NN 21781 1645 22 , , , 21781 1645 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1645 24 b b LS 21781 1645 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1645 26 the the DT 21781 1645 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1645 28 . . . 21781 1646 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1646 2 c c NN 21781 1646 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1646 4 Compare compare VB 21781 1646 5 briefly briefly RB 21781 1646 6 the the DT 21781 1646 7 arrangements arrangement NNS 21781 1646 8 thus thus RB 21781 1646 9 described describe VBD 21781 1646 10 . . . 21781 1647 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1647 2 d d LS 21781 1647 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1647 4 In in IN 21781 1647 5 what what WDT 21781 1647 6 important important JJ 21781 1647 7 respects respect NNS 21781 1647 8 does do VBZ 21781 1647 9 the the DT 21781 1647 10 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1647 11 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 1647 12 of of IN 21781 1647 13 the the DT 21781 1647 14 frog frog NN 21781 1647 15 differ differ VBP 21781 1647 16 from from IN 21781 1647 17 that that DT 21781 1647 18 of of IN 21781 1647 19 the the DT 21781 1647 20 fish fish NN 21781 1647 21 , , , 21781 1647 22 in in IN 21781 1647 23 correlation correlation NN 21781 1647 24 with with IN 21781 1647 25 the the DT 21781 1647 26 presence presence NN 21781 1647 27 of of IN 21781 1647 28 lungs lung NNS 21781 1647 29 ? ? . 21781 1648 1 5 5 CD 21781 1648 2 . . . 21781 1649 1 In in IN 21781 1649 2 the the DT 21781 1649 3 frog frog NN 21781 1649 4 provided provide VBN 21781 1649 5 , , , 21781 1649 6 free free JJ 21781 1649 7 the the DT 21781 1649 8 heart heart NN 21781 1649 9 , , , 21781 1649 10 both both DT 21781 1649 11 aortic aortic JJ 21781 1649 12 arches arch NNS 21781 1649 13 , , , 21781 1649 14 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1649 15 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1649 16 as as RB 21781 1649 17 far far RB 21781 1649 18 as as IN 21781 1649 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1649 20 terminal terminal JJ 21781 1649 21 bifurcation bifurcation NN 21781 1649 22 , , , 21781 1649 23 and and CC 21781 1649 24 both both DT 21781 1649 25 chains chain NNS 21781 1649 26 of of IN 21781 1649 27 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1649 28 ganglia ganglia NN 21781 1649 29 from from IN 21781 1649 30 surrounding surround VBG 21781 1649 31 structures structure NNS 21781 1649 32 ; ; : 21781 1649 33 and and CC 21781 1649 34 remove remove VB 21781 1649 35 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1649 36 , , , 21781 1649 37 in in IN 21781 1649 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1649 39 natural natural JJ 21781 1649 40 connection connection NN 21781 1649 41 , , , 21781 1649 42 from from IN 21781 1649 43 the the DT 21781 1649 44 animal animal NN 21781 1649 45 into into IN 21781 1649 46 a a DT 21781 1649 47 watch watch NN 21781 1649 48 - - HYPH 21781 1649 49 glass glass NN 21781 1649 50 . . . 21781 1650 1 6 6 CD 21781 1650 2 . . . 21781 1651 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1651 2 the the DT 21781 1651 3 male male JJ 21781 1651 4 and and CC 21781 1651 5 female female JJ 21781 1651 6 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 1651 7 organs organ NNS 21781 1651 8 of of IN 21781 1651 9 the the DT 21781 1651 10 common common JJ 21781 1651 11 frog frog NN 21781 1651 12 , , , 21781 1651 13 and and CC 21781 1651 14 give give VB 21781 1651 15 some some DT 21781 1651 16 account account NN 21781 1651 17 of of IN 21781 1651 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1651 19 development development NN 21781 1651 20 . . . 21781 1652 1 7 7 LS 21781 1652 2 . . . 21781 1653 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1653 2 , , , 21781 1653 3 with with IN 21781 1653 4 figures figure NNS 21781 1653 5 , , , 21781 1653 6 the the DT 21781 1653 7 bones bone NNS 21781 1653 8 of of IN 21781 1653 9 the the DT 21781 1653 10 limbs limb NNS 21781 1653 11 and and CC 21781 1653 12 limb limb NN 21781 1653 13 - - HYPH 21781 1653 14 girdles girdle NNS 21781 1653 15 of of IN 21781 1653 16 a a DT 21781 1653 17 frog frog NN 21781 1653 18 . . . 21781 1654 1 8 8 LS 21781 1654 2 . . . 21781 1655 1 Remove remove VB 21781 1655 2 the the DT 21781 1655 3 brain brain NN 21781 1655 4 from from IN 21781 1655 5 the the DT 21781 1655 6 frog frog NN 21781 1655 7 provided provide VBN 21781 1655 8 , , , 21781 1655 9 and and CC 21781 1655 10 place place VB 21781 1655 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1655 12 in in IN 21781 1655 13 spirit spirit NN 21781 1655 14 . . . 21781 1656 1 Make make VB 21781 1656 2 a a DT 21781 1656 3 lettered letter VBN 21781 1656 4 drawing drawing NN 21781 1656 5 of of IN 21781 1656 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1656 7 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1656 8 and and CC 21781 1656 9 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1656 10 surfaces surface NNS 21781 1656 11 . . . 21781 1657 1 9 9 CD 21781 1657 2 . . . 21781 1658 1 Point point VB 21781 1658 2 out out RP 21781 1658 3 the the DT 21781 1658 4 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1658 5 regions region NNS 21781 1658 6 in in IN 21781 1658 7 the the DT 21781 1658 8 brain brain NN 21781 1658 9 of of IN 21781 1658 10 a a DT 21781 1658 11 frog frog NN 21781 1658 12 and and CC 21781 1658 13 a a DT 21781 1658 14 mammal mammal JJ 21781 1658 15 , , , 21781 1658 16 and and CC 21781 1658 17 state state NN 21781 1658 18 what what WP 21781 1658 19 are be VBP 21781 1658 20 the the DT 21781 1658 21 relations relation NNS 21781 1658 22 of of IN 21781 1658 23 the the DT 21781 1658 24 three three CD 21781 1658 25 primary primary JJ 21781 1658 26 brain brain NN 21781 1658 27 - - HYPH 21781 1658 28 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 1658 29 to to IN 21781 1658 30 these these DT 21781 1658 31 regions region NNS 21781 1658 32 . . . 21781 1659 1 10 10 CD 21781 1659 2 . . . 21781 1660 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1660 2 a a LS 21781 1660 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1660 4 Give give VB 21781 1660 5 an an DT 21781 1660 6 account account NN 21781 1660 7 , , , 21781 1660 8 with with IN 21781 1660 9 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1660 10 , , , 21781 1660 11 of of IN 21781 1660 12 the the DT 21781 1660 13 brain brain NN 21781 1660 14 of of IN 21781 1660 15 the the DT 21781 1660 16 frog frog NN 21781 1660 17 ; ; , 21781 1660 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1660 19 b b NN 21781 1660 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1660 21 point point VB 21781 1660 22 out out RP 21781 1660 23 the the DT 21781 1660 24 most most RBS 21781 1660 25 important important JJ 21781 1660 26 differences difference NNS 21781 1660 27 between between IN 21781 1660 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1660 29 and and CC 21781 1660 30 the the DT 21781 1660 31 brain brain NN 21781 1660 32 of of IN 21781 1660 33 the the DT 21781 1660 34 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1660 35 . . . 21781 1661 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1661 2 c c NN 21781 1661 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1661 4 Describe describe VB 21781 1661 5 the the DT 21781 1661 6 superficial superficial JJ 21781 1661 7 origin origin NN 21781 1661 8 and and CC 21781 1661 9 the the DT 21781 1661 10 distribution distribution NN 21781 1661 11 of of IN 21781 1661 12 the the DT 21781 1661 13 third third JJ 21781 1661 14 , , , 21781 1661 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1661 16 d d NN 21781 1661 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1661 18 of of IN 21781 1661 19 the the DT 21781 1661 20 fifth fifth JJ 21781 1661 21 , , , 21781 1661 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1661 23 e e NNP 21781 1661 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1661 25 of of IN 21781 1661 26 the the DT 21781 1661 27 seventh seventh JJ 21781 1661 28 . . . 21781 1661 29 , , , 21781 1661 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1661 31 f f NNP 21781 1661 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1661 33 of of IN 21781 1661 34 the the DT 21781 1661 35 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1661 36 , , , 21781 1661 37 and and CC 21781 1661 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1661 39 g g NN 21781 1661 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1661 41 of of IN 21781 1661 42 the the DT 21781 1661 43 tenth tenth JJ 21781 1661 44 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1661 45 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1661 46 of of IN 21781 1661 47 the the DT 21781 1661 48 frog frog NN 21781 1661 49 . . . 21781 1662 1 11 11 CD 21781 1662 2 . . . 21781 1663 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1663 2 , , , 21781 1663 3 with with IN 21781 1663 4 figures figure NNS 21781 1663 5 , , , 21781 1663 6 the the DT 21781 1663 7 brain brain NN 21781 1663 8 of of IN 21781 1663 9 a a DT 21781 1663 10 frog frog NN 21781 1663 11 , , , 21781 1663 12 and and CC 21781 1663 13 compare compare VB 21781 1663 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1663 15 with with IN 21781 1663 16 that that DT 21781 1663 17 of of IN 21781 1663 18 a a DT 21781 1663 19 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1663 20 . . . 21781 1664 1 What what WP 21781 1664 2 do do VBP 21781 1664 3 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1664 4 know know VB 21781 1664 5 concerning concern VBG 21781 1664 6 the the DT 21781 1664 7 functions function NNS 21781 1664 8 of of IN 21781 1664 9 the the DT 21781 1664 10 several several JJ 21781 1664 11 parts part NNS 21781 1664 12 of of IN 21781 1664 13 the the DT 21781 1664 14 brain brain NN 21781 1664 15 in in IN 21781 1664 16 the the DT 21781 1664 17 frog frog NN 21781 1664 18 ? ? . 21781 1665 1 12 12 CD 21781 1665 2 . . . 21781 1666 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1666 2 briefly briefly RB 21781 1666 3 the the DT 21781 1666 4 fundamental fundamental JJ 21781 1666 5 properties property NNS 21781 1666 6 of of IN 21781 1666 7 the the DT 21781 1666 8 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1666 9 cord cord NN 21781 1666 10 in in IN 21781 1666 11 the the DT 21781 1666 12 frog frog NN 21781 1666 13 . . . 21781 1667 1 By by IN 21781 1667 2 what what WDT 21781 1667 3 means mean NNS 21781 1667 4 would would MD 21781 1667 5 you -PRON- PRP 21781 1667 6 determine determine VB 21781 1667 7 whether whether IN 21781 1667 8 a a DT 21781 1667 9 given give VBN 21781 1667 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 1667 11 is be VBZ 21781 1667 12 motor motor NN 21781 1667 13 or or CC 21781 1667 14 sensory sensory JJ 21781 1667 15 ? ? . 21781 1668 1 13 13 CD 21781 1668 2 . . . 21781 1669 1 Prepare prepare VB 21781 1669 2 the the DT 21781 1669 3 skull skull NN 21781 1669 4 of of IN 21781 1669 5 the the DT 21781 1669 6 frog frog NN 21781 1669 7 provided provide VBN 21781 1669 8 . . . 21781 1670 1 Remove remove VB 21781 1670 2 from from IN 21781 1670 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1670 4 and and CC 21781 1670 5 place place NN 21781 1670 6 in in IN 21781 1670 7 glycerine glycerine NN 21781 1670 8 on on IN 21781 1670 9 a a DT 21781 1670 10 glass glass NN 21781 1670 11 slip slip VBP 21781 1670 12 the the DT 21781 1670 13 fronto fronto NNS 21781 1670 14 - - HYPH 21781 1670 15 parietal parietal JJ 21781 1670 16 and and CC 21781 1670 17 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 21781 1670 18 bones bone NNS 21781 1670 19 . . . 21781 1671 1 Label label VB 21781 1671 2 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1671 3 . . . 21781 1672 1 Mark Mark NNP 21781 1672 2 on on IN 21781 1672 3 the the DT 21781 1672 4 skull skull NN 21781 1672 5 with with IN 21781 1672 6 long long JJ 21781 1672 7 needles needle NNS 21781 1672 8 and and CC 21781 1672 9 flag flag NN 21781 1672 10 - - HYPH 21781 1672 11 labels label VBZ 21781 1672 12 the the DT 21781 1672 13 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 21781 1672 14 and and CC 21781 1672 15 the the DT 21781 1672 16 pro pro JJ 21781 1672 17 - - JJ 21781 1672 18 otic otic JJ 21781 1672 19 bones bone NNS 21781 1672 20 . . . 21781 1673 1 14 14 CD 21781 1673 2 . . . 21781 1674 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1674 2 the the DT 21781 1674 3 skull skull NN 21781 1674 4 of of IN 21781 1674 5 the the DT 21781 1674 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1674 7 and and CC 21781 1674 8 the the DT 21781 1674 9 frog frog NN 21781 1674 10 ; ; : 21781 1674 11 especially especially RB 21781 1674 12 in in IN 21781 1674 13 regard regard NN 21781 1674 14 to to IN 21781 1674 15 the the DT 21781 1674 16 attachment attachment NN 21781 1674 17 of of IN 21781 1674 18 the the DT 21781 1674 19 jaw jaw NN 21781 1674 20 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1674 21 to to IN 21781 1674 22 the the DT 21781 1674 23 cranium cranium NN 21781 1674 24 , , , 21781 1674 25 and and CC 21781 1674 26 other other JJ 21781 1674 27 points point NNS 21781 1674 28 which which WDT 21781 1674 29 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1674 30 characterize characterize VBP 21781 1674 31 the the DT 21781 1674 32 higher high JJR 21781 1674 33 as as IN 21781 1674 34 contrasted contrast VBN 21781 1674 35 with with IN 21781 1674 36 the the DT 21781 1674 37 lower low JJR 21781 1674 38 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1674 39 . . . 21781 1675 1 15 15 CD 21781 1675 2 . . . 21781 1676 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1676 2 the the DT 21781 1676 3 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 1676 4 of of IN 21781 1676 5 the the DT 21781 1676 6 upper upper JJ 21781 1676 7 and and CC 21781 1676 8 lower low JJR 21781 1676 9 jaw jaw NN 21781 1676 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1676 11 a a LS 21781 1676 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1676 13 in in IN 21781 1676 14 the the DT 21781 1676 15 frog frog NN 21781 1676 16 , , , 21781 1676 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1676 18 b b NN 21781 1676 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1676 20 in in IN 21781 1676 21 the the DT 21781 1676 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1676 23 . . . 21781 1677 1 Point point VB 21781 1677 2 out out RP 21781 1677 3 exactly exactly RB 21781 1677 4 what what WP 21781 1677 5 parts part NNS 21781 1677 6 correspond correspond VBP 21781 1677 7 with with IN 21781 1677 8 one one CD 21781 1677 9 another another DT 21781 1677 10 in in IN 21781 1677 11 the the DT 21781 1677 12 two two CD 21781 1677 13 animals animal NNS 21781 1677 14 compared compare VBN 21781 1677 15 . . . 21781 1678 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1678 2 c c NN 21781 1678 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1678 4 What what WP 21781 1678 5 bone bone NN 21781 1678 6 in in IN 21781 1678 7 the the DT 21781 1678 8 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1678 9 is be VBZ 21781 1678 10 generally generally RB 21781 1678 11 regarded regard VBN 21781 1678 12 as as IN 21781 1678 13 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1678 14 to to IN 21781 1678 15 the the DT 21781 1678 16 quadrate quadrate JJ 21781 1678 17 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1678 18 of of IN 21781 1678 19 the the DT 21781 1678 20 frog frog NN 21781 1678 21 ? ? . 21781 1679 1 -The -The NFP 21781 1679 2 Dog Dog NNP 21781 1679 3 - - HYPH 21781 1679 4 Fish Fish NNP 21781 1679 5 _ _ NNP 21781 1679 6 1 1 CD 21781 1679 7 . . . 21781 1680 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1680 2 General General NNP 21781 1680 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 1680 4 _ _ NNP 21781 1680 5 Section Section NNP 21781 1680 6 1 1 CD 21781 1680 7 . . . 21781 1681 1 In in IN 21781 1681 2 the the DT 21781 1681 3 dog dog NN 21781 1681 4 - - HYPH 21781 1681 5 fish fish NN 21781 1681 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1681 7 have have VBP 21781 1681 8 a a DT 21781 1681 9 far far RB 21781 1681 10 more more RBR 21781 1681 11 antique antique JJ 21781 1681 12 type type NN 21781 1681 13 of of IN 21781 1681 14 structure structure NN 21781 1681 15 than than IN 21781 1681 16 in in IN 21781 1681 17 any any DT 21781 1681 18 of of IN 21781 1681 19 the the DT 21781 1681 20 forms form NNS 21781 1681 21 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1681 22 have have VBP 21781 1681 23 hitherto hitherto VBN 21781 1681 24 considered consider VBN 21781 1681 25 . . . 21781 1682 1 Forms form NNS 21781 1682 2 closely closely RB 21781 1682 3 related related JJ 21781 1682 4 to to IN 21781 1682 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1682 6 occur occur VB 21781 1682 7 among among IN 21781 1682 8 the the DT 21781 1682 9 earliest early JJS 21781 1682 10 remains remain NNS 21781 1682 11 of of IN 21781 1682 12 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1682 13 that that WDT 21781 1682 14 are be VBP 21781 1682 15 to to TO 21781 1682 16 be be VB 21781 1682 17 found find VBN 21781 1682 18 in in IN 21781 1682 19 the the DT 21781 1682 20 geological geological JJ 21781 1682 21 record record NN 21781 1682 22 . . . 21781 1683 1 Since since IN 21781 1683 2 the the DT 21781 1683 3 immeasurably immeasurably RB 21781 1683 4 remote remote JJ 21781 1683 5 Silurian silurian JJ 21781 1683 6 period period NN 21781 1683 7 , , , 21781 1683 8 sharks shark NNS 21781 1683 9 and and CC 21781 1683 10 dog dog NN 21781 1683 11 - - HYPH 21781 1683 12 fish fish NN 21781 1683 13 have have VBP 21781 1683 14 probably probably RB 21781 1683 15 remained remain VBN 21781 1683 16 without without IN 21781 1683 17 any any DT 21781 1683 18 essential essential JJ 21781 1683 19 changes change NNS 21781 1683 20 of of IN 21781 1683 21 condition condition NN 21781 1683 22 , , , 21781 1683 23 and and CC 21781 1683 24 consequently consequently RB 21781 1683 25 without without IN 21781 1683 26 any any DT 21781 1683 27 essential essential JJ 21781 1683 28 changes change NNS 21781 1683 29 of of IN 21781 1683 30 structure structure NN 21781 1683 31 , , , 21781 1683 32 down down RB 21781 1683 33 to to IN 21781 1683 34 the the DT 21781 1683 35 present present JJ 21781 1683 36 day day NN 21781 1683 37 . . . 21781 1684 1 Then then RB 21781 1684 2 , , , 21781 1684 3 as as IN 21781 1684 4 now now RB 21781 1684 5 , , , 21781 1684 6 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1684 7 dominated dominate VBD 21781 1684 8 the the DT 21781 1684 9 seas sea NNS 21781 1684 10 . . . 21781 1685 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1685 2 probably probably RB 21781 1685 3 branched branch VBD 21781 1685 4 off off RP 21781 1685 5 from from IN 21781 1685 6 the the DT 21781 1685 7 other other JJ 21781 1685 8 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1685 9 before before IN 21781 1685 10 bone bone NN 21781 1685 11 had have VBD 21781 1685 12 become become VBN 21781 1685 13 abundant abundant JJ 21781 1685 14 in in IN 21781 1685 15 the the DT 21781 1685 16 inner inner JJ 21781 1685 17 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 1685 18 , , , 21781 1685 19 which which WDT 21781 1685 20 is be VBZ 21781 1685 21 consequently consequently RB 21781 1685 22 in in IN 21781 1685 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1685 24 case case NN 21781 1685 25 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1685 26 , , , 21781 1685 27 with with IN 21781 1685 28 occasional occasional JJ 21781 1685 29 " " `` 21781 1685 30 calcification calcification NN 21781 1685 31 " " '' 21781 1685 32 and and CC 21781 1685 33 no no DT 21781 1685 34 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1685 35 bones bone NNS 21781 1685 36 at at RB 21781 1685 37 all all RB 21781 1685 38 . . . 21781 1686 1 Unlike unlike IN 21781 1686 2 the the DT 21781 1686 3 majority majority NN 21781 1686 4 of of IN 21781 1686 5 fish fish NN 21781 1686 6 , , , 21781 1686 7 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1686 8 possess possess VBP 21781 1686 9 no no DT 21781 1686 10 swimming swimming NN 21781 1686 11 bladder-- bladder-- VBZ 21781 1686 12 the the DT 21781 1686 13 precursor precursor NN 21781 1686 14 of of IN 21781 1686 15 the the DT 21781 1686 16 lungs lung NNS 21781 1686 17 ; ; : 21781 1686 18 but but CC 21781 1686 19 in in IN 21781 1686 20 many many JJ 21781 1686 21 other other JJ 21781 1686 22 respects respect NNS 21781 1686 23 , , , 21781 1686 24 notably notably RB 21781 1686 25 in in IN 21781 1686 26 the the DT 21781 1686 27 uro uro NNP 21781 1686 28 - - HYPH 21781 1686 29 genital genital JJ 21781 1686 30 organs organ NNS 21781 1686 31 , , , 21781 1686 32 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1686 33 have have VBP 21781 1686 34 , , , 21781 1686 35 in in IN 21781 1686 36 common common JJ 21781 1686 37 with with IN 21781 1686 38 the the DT 21781 1686 39 higher high JJR 21781 1686 40 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1686 41 , , , 21781 1686 42 preserved preserve VBN 21781 1686 43 features feature NNS 21781 1686 44 which which WDT 21781 1686 45 may may MD 21781 1686 46 have have VB 21781 1686 47 been be VBN 21781 1686 48 disguised disguise VBN 21781 1686 49 or or CC 21781 1686 50 lost lose VBN 21781 1686 51 in in IN 21781 1686 52 the the DT 21781 1686 53 perfecting perfecting NN 21781 1686 54 of of IN 21781 1686 55 such such JJ 21781 1686 56 modern modern JJ 21781 1686 57 and and CC 21781 1686 58 specialized specialized JJ 21781 1686 59 fish fish NN 21781 1686 60 as as IN 21781 1686 61 , , , 21781 1686 62 for for IN 21781 1686 63 instance instance NN 21781 1686 64 , , , 21781 1686 65 the the DT 21781 1686 66 cod cod NN 21781 1686 67 , , , 21781 1686 68 salmon salmon NN 21781 1686 69 , , , 21781 1686 70 or or CC 21781 1686 71 herring herre VBG 21781 1686 72 . . . 21781 1687 1 Section section NN 21781 1687 2 2 2 CD 21781 1687 3 . . . 21781 1688 1 Comparing compare VBG 21781 1688 2 the the DT 21781 1688 3 general general JJ 21781 1688 4 build build NN 21781 1688 5 , , , 21781 1688 6 of of IN 21781 1688 7 a a DT 21781 1688 8 dog dog NN 21781 1688 9 - - HYPH 21781 1688 10 fish fish NN 21781 1688 11 with with IN 21781 1688 12 that that DT 21781 1688 13 of of IN 21781 1688 14 a a DT 21781 1688 15 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1688 16 , , , 21781 1688 17 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1688 18 notice notice VBP 21781 1688 19 the the DT 21781 1688 20 absence absence NN 21781 1688 21 of of IN 21781 1688 22 a a DT 21781 1688 23 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1688 24 neck neck NN 21781 1688 25 , , , 21781 1688 26 and and CC 21781 1688 27 the the DT 21781 1688 28 general general JJ 21781 1688 29 conical conical JJ 21781 1688 30 form form NN 21781 1688 31 ; ; : 21781 1688 32 the the DT 21781 1688 33 presence presence NN 21781 1688 34 of of IN 21781 1688 35 a a DT 21781 1688 36 large large JJ 21781 1688 37 tail tail NN 21781 1688 38 , , , 21781 1688 39 as as IN 21781 1688 40 considerable considerable JJ 21781 1688 41 , , , 21781 1688 42 at at IN 21781 1688 43 first first RB 21781 1688 44 , , , 21781 1688 45 in in IN 21781 1688 46 diameter diameter NN 21781 1688 47 as as IN 21781 1688 48 the the DT 21781 1688 49 hind hind NN 21781 1688 50 portion portion NN 21781 1688 51 of of IN 21781 1688 52 the the DT 21781 1688 53 body body NN 21781 1688 54 , , , 21781 1688 55 and and CC 21781 1688 56 of of IN 21781 1688 57 the the DT 21781 1688 58 first first JJ 21781 1688 59 importance importance NN 21781 1688 60 in in IN 21781 1688 61 progression progression NN 21781 1688 62 , , , 21781 1688 63 in in IN 21781 1688 64 which which WDT 21781 1688 65 function function VBP 21781 1688 66 the the DT 21781 1688 67 four four CD 21781 1688 68 paddle paddle NN 21781 1688 69 - - HYPH 21781 1688 70 shaped shape VBN 21781 1688 71 limbs limb NNS 21781 1688 72 , , , 21781 1688 73 the the DT 21781 1688 74 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1688 75 fins fin NNS 21781 1688 76 , , , 21781 1688 77 simply simply RB 21781 1688 78 co co VB 21781 1688 79 - - NN 21781 1688 80 operate operate VB 21781 1688 81 with with IN 21781 1688 82 the the DT 21781 1688 83 median median JJ 21781 1688 84 fin fin NN 21781 1688 85 along along IN 21781 1688 86 the the DT 21781 1688 87 back back NN 21781 1688 88 for for IN 21781 1688 89 the the DT 21781 1688 90 purpose purpose NN 21781 1688 91 of of IN 21781 1688 92 steering steering NN 21781 1688 93 ; ; : 21781 1688 94 and and CC 21781 1688 95 , , , 21781 1688 96 as as IN 21781 1688 97 a a DT 21781 1688 98 consequence consequence NN 21781 1688 99 of of IN 21781 1688 100 the the DT 21781 1688 101 size size NN 21781 1688 102 of of IN 21781 1688 103 the the DT 21781 1688 104 tail tail NN 21781 1688 105 , , , 21781 1688 106 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1688 107 note note VBP 21781 1688 108 also also RB 21781 1688 109 the the DT 21781 1688 110 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1688 111 position position NN 21781 1688 112 of of IN 21781 1688 113 the the DT 21781 1688 114 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1688 115 of of IN 21781 1688 116 the the DT 21781 1688 117 body body NN 21781 1688 118 . . . 21781 1689 1 The the DT 21781 1689 2 anus anus NN 21781 1689 3 , , , 21781 1689 4 and and CC 21781 1689 5 urinary urinary NN 21781 1689 6 and and CC 21781 1689 7 genital genital JJ 21781 1689 8 ducts duct NNS 21781 1689 9 unite unite VBP 21781 1689 10 in in IN 21781 1689 11 one one CD 21781 1689 12 common common JJ 21781 1689 13 chamber chamber NN 21781 1689 14 , , , 21781 1689 15 the the DT 21781 1689 16 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1689 17 . . . 21781 1690 1 Behind behind IN 21781 1690 2 the the DT 21781 1690 3 head head NN 21781 1690 4 , , , 21781 1690 5 and and CC 21781 1690 6 in in IN 21781 1690 7 front front NN 21781 1690 8 of of IN 21781 1690 9 the the DT 21781 1690 10 fore fore NN 21781 1690 11 fin fin NNP 21781 1690 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1690 13 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 1690 14 fin fin NNP 21781 1690 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1690 16 , , , 21781 1690 17 are be VBP 21781 1690 18 five five CD 21781 1690 19 gill gill JJ 21781 1690 20 slits slit NNS 21781 1690 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1690 22 g.s g.s NNP 21781 1690 23 . . NNP 21781 1690 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1691 1 leading lead VBG 21781 1691 2 from from IN 21781 1691 3 the the DT 21781 1691 4 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1691 5 to to IN 21781 1691 6 the the DT 21781 1691 7 exterior exterior NN 21781 1691 8 . . . 21781 1692 1 Just just RB 21781 1692 2 behind behind IN 21781 1692 3 the the DT 21781 1692 4 eye eye NN 21781 1692 5 is be VBZ 21781 1692 6 a a DT 21781 1692 7 smaller small JJR 21781 1692 8 and and CC 21781 1692 9 more more JJR 21781 1692 10 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1692 11 opening opening NN 21781 1692 12 of of IN 21781 1692 13 the the DT 21781 1692 14 same same JJ 21781 1692 15 kind kind NN 21781 1692 16 , , , 21781 1692 17 the the DT 21781 1692 18 spiracle spiracle NNP 21781 1692 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1692 20 sp sp NNP 21781 1692 21 . . . 21781 1692 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1692 23 . . . 21781 1693 1 On on IN 21781 1693 2 the the DT 21781 1693 3 under under JJ 21781 1693 4 side side NN 21781 1693 5 of of IN 21781 1693 6 the the DT 21781 1693 7 head head NN 21781 1693 8 , , , 21781 1693 9 in in IN 21781 1693 10 front front NN 21781 1693 11 of of IN 21781 1693 12 the the DT 21781 1693 13 mouth mouth NN 21781 1693 14 , , , 21781 1693 15 is be VBZ 21781 1693 16 the the DT 21781 1693 17 nasal nasal NN 21781 1693 18 aperture aperture NN 21781 1693 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1693 20 olf olf NN 21781 1693 21 . . . 21781 1694 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1694 2 , , , 21781 1694 3 the the DT 21781 1694 4 opening opening NN 21781 1694 5 of of IN 21781 1694 6 the the DT 21781 1694 7 nasal nasal NN 21781 1694 8 sac sac NN 21781 1694 9 , , , 21781 1694 10 which which WDT 21781 1694 11 , , , 21781 1694 12 unlike unlike IN 21781 1694 13 the the DT 21781 1694 14 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 1694 15 organ organ NN 21781 1694 16 of of IN 21781 1694 17 the the DT 21781 1694 18 air air NN 21781 1694 19 - - HYPH 21781 1694 20 frequenting frequent VBG 21781 1694 21 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1694 22 , , , 21781 1694 23 has have VBZ 21781 1694 24 no no DT 21781 1694 25 internal internal JJ 21781 1694 26 narial narial JJ 21781 1694 27 opening opening NN 21781 1694 28 . . . 21781 1695 1 There there EX 21781 1695 2 is be VBZ 21781 1695 3 , , , 21781 1695 4 however however RB 21781 1695 5 , , , 21781 1695 6 a a DT 21781 1695 7 groove groove NN 21781 1695 8 running run VBG 21781 1695 9 from from IN 21781 1695 10 olf olf NN 21781 1695 11 . . . 21781 1696 1 to to IN 21781 1696 2 the the DT 21781 1696 3 corner corner NN 21781 1696 4 of of IN 21781 1696 5 the the DT 21781 1696 6 mouth mouth NN 21781 1696 7 , , , 21781 1696 8 and and CC 21781 1696 9 this this DT 21781 1696 10 , , , 21781 1696 11 closing closing NN 21781 1696 12 , , , 21781 1696 13 in in IN 21781 1696 14 the the DT 21781 1696 15 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1696 16 types type NNS 21781 1696 17 that that WDT 21781 1696 18 live live VBP 21781 1696 19 in in IN 21781 1696 20 air air NN 21781 1696 21 and and CC 21781 1696 22 are be VBP 21781 1696 23 exposed expose VBN 21781 1696 24 to to IN 21781 1696 25 incessant incessant JJ 21781 1696 26 evaporation evaporation NN 21781 1696 27 of of IN 21781 1696 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1696 29 lubricating lubricating NN 21781 1696 30 secretions secretion NNS 21781 1696 31 , , , 21781 1696 32 constitutes constitute VBZ 21781 1696 33 the the DT 21781 1696 34 primitive primitive JJ 21781 1696 35 nasal nasal NN 21781 1696 36 passage passage NN 21781 1696 37 . . . 21781 1697 1 The the DT 21781 1697 2 limbs limb NNS 21781 1697 3 are be VBP 21781 1697 4 undifferentiated undifferentiate VBN 21781 1697 5 into into IN 21781 1697 6 upper upper JJ 21781 1697 7 , , , 21781 1697 8 lower low JJR 21781 1697 9 , , , 21781 1697 10 and and CC 21781 1697 11 digital digital JJ 21781 1697 12 portions portion NNS 21781 1697 13 , , , 21781 1697 14 and and CC 21781 1697 15 are be VBP 21781 1697 16 simply simply RB 21781 1697 17 jointed joint VBN 21781 1697 18 , , , 21781 1697 19 flattened flatten VBD 21781 1697 20 expansions expansion NNS 21781 1697 21 . . . 21781 1698 1 Section section NN 21781 1698 2 3 3 CD 21781 1698 3 . . . 21781 1699 1 The the DT 21781 1699 2 skin skin NN 21781 1699 3 of of IN 21781 1699 4 the the DT 21781 1699 5 dog dog NN 21781 1699 6 - - HYPH 21781 1699 7 fish fish NN 21781 1699 8 is be VBZ 21781 1699 9 closely closely RB 21781 1699 10 set set VBN 21781 1699 11 with with IN 21781 1699 12 pointed pointed JJ 21781 1699 13 tooth tooth NN 21781 1699 14 - - HYPH 21781 1699 15 like like JJ 21781 1699 16 scales scale NNS 21781 1699 17 , , , 21781 1699 18 the the DT 21781 1699 19 placoid placoid NN 21781 1699 20 scales scale NNS 21781 1699 21 , , , 21781 1699 22 and and CC 21781 1699 23 these these DT 21781 1699 24 are be VBP 21781 1699 25 continued continue VBN 21781 1699 26 over over IN 21781 1699 27 the the DT 21781 1699 28 lips lip NNS 21781 1699 29 into into IN 21781 1699 30 the the DT 21781 1699 31 mouth mouth NN 21781 1699 32 as as IN 21781 1699 33 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1699 34 . . . 21781 1700 1 Each each DT 21781 1700 2 scale scale NN 21781 1700 3 consists consist VBZ 21781 1700 4 of of IN 21781 1700 5 a a DT 21781 1700 6 base base NN 21781 1700 7 of of IN 21781 1700 8 true true JJ 21781 1700 9 bone bone NN 21781 1700 10 , , , 21781 1700 11 with with IN 21781 1700 12 a a DT 21781 1700 13 little little JJ 21781 1700 14 tubercle tubercle NN 21781 1700 15 of of IN 21781 1700 16 a a DT 21781 1700 17 harder hard JJR 21781 1700 18 substance substance NN 21781 1700 19 , , , 21781 1700 20 dentine dentine NNP 21781 1700 21 , , , 21781 1700 22 capped cap VBN 21781 1700 23 by by IN 21781 1700 24 a a DT 21781 1700 25 still still RB 21781 1700 26 denser denser NN 21781 1700 27 covering covering NN 21781 1700 28 , , , 21781 1700 29 the the DT 21781 1700 30 enamel enamel NNP 21781 1700 31 . . . 21781 1701 1 The the DT 21781 1701 2 enamel enamel NN 21781 1701 3 is be VBZ 21781 1701 4 derived derive VBN 21781 1701 5 from from IN 21781 1701 6 the the DT 21781 1701 7 outer outer JJ 21781 1701 8 layer layer NN 21781 1701 9 of of IN 21781 1701 10 the the DT 21781 1701 11 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 1701 12 dog dog NN 21781 1701 13 - - HYPH 21781 1701 14 fish fish NN 21781 1701 15 , , , 21781 1701 16 the the DT 21781 1701 17 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 1701 18 , , , 21781 1701 19 which which WDT 21781 1701 20 also also RB 21781 1701 21 gives give VBZ 21781 1701 22 rise rise NN 21781 1701 23 to to IN 21781 1701 24 the the DT 21781 1701 25 epidermis epidermis NN 21781 1701 26 ; ; : 21781 1701 27 while while IN 21781 1701 28 the the DT 21781 1701 29 dentine dentine NN 21781 1701 30 and and CC 21781 1701 31 bony bony NN 21781 1701 32 base base NN 21781 1701 33 arise arise VB 21781 1701 34 in in IN 21781 1701 35 the the DT 21781 1701 36 underlying underlying JJ 21781 1701 37 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 1701 38 , , , 21781 1701 39 the the DT 21781 1701 40 dermis dermis NN 21781 1701 41 . . . 21781 1702 1 A a DT 21781 1702 2 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1702 3 tooth tooth NN 21781 1702 4 has have VBZ 21781 1702 5 essentially essentially RB 21781 1702 6 the the DT 21781 1702 7 same same JJ 21781 1702 8 structure structure NN 21781 1702 9 : : : 21781 1702 10 an an DT 21781 1702 11 outer outer JJ 21781 1702 12 coat coat NN 21781 1702 13 of of IN 21781 1702 14 enamel enamel NNP 21781 1702 15 , , , 21781 1702 16 derived derive VBN 21781 1702 17 from from IN 21781 1702 18 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 1702 19 , , , 21781 1702 20 overlies overlie VBZ 21781 1702 21 a a DT 21781 1702 22 mass mass NN 21781 1702 23 of of IN 21781 1702 24 dentine dentine NN 21781 1702 25 , , , 21781 1702 26 resting rest VBG 21781 1702 27 on on IN 21781 1702 28 bone bone NN 21781 1702 29 , , , 21781 1702 30 but but CC 21781 1702 31 the the DT 21781 1702 32 dentine dentine NN 21781 1702 33 is be VBZ 21781 1702 34 excavated excavate VBN 21781 1702 35 internally internally RB 21781 1702 36 , , , 21781 1702 37 to to TO 21781 1702 38 form form VB 21781 1702 39 a a DT 21781 1702 40 pulpcavity pulpcavity NN 21781 1702 41 containing contain VBG 21781 1702 42 blood blood NN 21781 1702 43 - - HYPH 21781 1702 44 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1702 45 and and CC 21781 1702 46 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1702 47 . . . 21781 1703 1 Most Most JJS 21781 1703 2 land land NN 21781 1703 3 animals animal NNS 21781 1703 4 , , , 21781 1703 5 however however RB 21781 1703 6 , , , 21781 1703 7 have have VBP 21781 1703 8 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1703 9 only only RB 21781 1703 10 in in IN 21781 1703 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1703 12 mouths mouth NNS 21781 1703 13 , , , 21781 1703 14 and and CC 21781 1703 15 have have VBP 21781 1703 16 lost lose VBN 21781 1703 17 altogether altogether RB 21781 1703 18 the the DT 21781 1703 19 external external JJ 21781 1703 20 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1703 21 which which WDT 21781 1703 22 constitute constitute VBP 21781 1703 23 the the DT 21781 1703 24 armour armour NN 21781 1703 25 of of IN 21781 1703 26 the the DT 21781 1703 27 dog dog NN 21781 1703 28 - - HYPH 21781 1703 29 fish fish NN 21781 1703 30 . . . 21781 1704 1 Besides besides IN 21781 1704 2 the the DT 21781 1704 3 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1704 4 there there RB 21781 1704 5 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 1704 6 remain remain VBP 21781 1704 7 relics relic NNS 21781 1704 8 of of IN 21781 1704 9 the the DT 21781 1704 10 placoid placoid JJ 21781 1704 11 scales scale NNS 21781 1704 12 in in IN 21781 1704 13 the the DT 21781 1704 14 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1704 15 of of IN 21781 1704 16 the the DT 21781 1704 17 higher high JJR 21781 1704 18 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1704 19 , , , 21781 1704 20 in in IN 21781 1704 21 the the DT 21781 1704 22 membrane membrane NN 21781 1704 23 bones bone NNS 21781 1704 24 . . . 21781 1705 1 How how WRB 21781 1705 2 placoid placoid JJ 21781 1705 3 scales scale NNS 21781 1705 4 may may MD 21781 1705 5 have have VB 21781 1705 6 given give VBN 21781 1705 7 rise rise NN 21781 1705 8 to to IN 21781 1705 9 these these DT 21781 1705 10 structures structure NNS 21781 1705 11 will will MD 21781 1705 12 be be VB 21781 1705 13 understood understand VBN 21781 1705 14 by by IN 21781 1705 15 considering consider VBG 21781 1705 16 such such PDT 21781 1705 17 a a DT 21781 1705 18 bone bone NN 21781 1705 19 as as IN 21781 1705 20 the the DT 21781 1705 21 vomer vomer NN 21781 1705 22 of of IN 21781 1705 23 the the DT 21781 1705 24 frog frog NN 21781 1705 25 . . . 21781 1706 1 This this DT 21781 1706 2 bone bone NN 21781 1706 3 lies lie VBZ 21781 1706 4 on on IN 21781 1706 5 the the DT 21781 1706 6 roof roof NN 21781 1706 7 of of IN 21781 1706 8 the the DT 21781 1706 9 frog frog NN 21781 1706 10 's 's POS 21781 1706 11 mouth mouth NN 21781 1706 12 , , , 21781 1706 13 and and CC 21781 1706 14 bears bear VBZ 21781 1706 15 a a DT 21781 1706 16 number number NN 21781 1706 17 of of IN 21781 1706 18 denticles denticle NNS 21781 1706 19 , , , 21781 1706 20 and and CC 21781 1706 21 altogether altogether RB 21781 1706 22 there there EX 21781 1706 23 is be VBZ 21781 1706 24 a a DT 21781 1706 25 very very RB 21781 1706 26 strong strong JJ 21781 1706 27 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 1706 28 in in IN 21781 1706 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1706 30 to to IN 21781 1706 31 a a DT 21781 1706 32 number number NN 21781 1706 33 of of IN 21781 1706 34 placoid placoid NN 21781 1706 35 scales scale VBZ 21781 1706 36 the the DT 21781 1706 37 bony bony NN 21781 1706 38 bases basis NNS 21781 1706 39 of of IN 21781 1706 40 which which WDT 21781 1706 41 have have VBP 21781 1706 42 become become VBN 21781 1706 43 confluent confluent JJ 21781 1706 44 . . . 21781 1707 1 In in IN 21781 1707 2 the the DT 21781 1707 3 salamander salamander NN 21781 1707 4 , , , 21781 1707 5 behind behind IN 21781 1707 6 the the DT 21781 1707 7 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1707 8 - - HYPH 21781 1707 9 bearing bear VBG 21781 1707 10 vomers vomer NNS 21781 1707 11 comes come VBZ 21781 1707 12 a a DT 21781 1707 13 similar similar JJ 21781 1707 14 toothed toothed JJ 21781 1707 15 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 21781 1707 16 bone bone NN 21781 1707 17 . . . 21781 1708 1 The the DT 21781 1708 2 same same JJ 21781 1708 3 bone bone NN 21781 1708 4 occurs occur VBZ 21781 1708 5 in in IN 21781 1708 6 a a DT 21781 1708 7 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 1708 8 position position NN 21781 1708 9 in in IN 21781 1708 10 the the DT 21781 1708 11 frog frog NN 21781 1708 12 , , , 21781 1708 13 but but CC 21781 1708 14 without without IN 21781 1708 15 teeth tooth NNS 21781 1708 16 . . . 21781 1709 1 In in IN 21781 1709 2 some some DT 21781 1709 3 tailed tailed JJ 21781 1709 4 amphibians amphibian NNS 21781 1709 5 the the DT 21781 1709 6 vomers vomer NNS 21781 1709 7 and and CC 21781 1709 8 splenials splenial NNS 21781 1709 9 are be VBP 21781 1709 10 known know VBN 21781 1709 11 to to TO 21781 1709 12 arise arise VB 21781 1709 13 by by IN 21781 1709 14 the the DT 21781 1709 15 fusion fusion NN 21781 1709 16 of of IN 21781 1709 17 small small JJ 21781 1709 18 denticles denticle NNS 21781 1709 19 . . . 21781 1710 1 These these DT 21781 1710 2 facts fact NNS 21781 1710 3 seem seem VBP 21781 1710 4 to to TO 21781 1710 5 point point VB 21781 1710 6 to to IN 21781 1710 7 stages stage NNS 21781 1710 8 in in IN 21781 1710 9 the the DT 21781 1710 10 fusion fusion NN 21781 1710 11 of of IN 21781 1710 12 placoid placoid JJ 21781 1710 13 bases basis NNS 21781 1710 14 , , , 21781 1710 15 and and CC 21781 1710 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1710 17 withdrawal withdrawal NN 21781 1710 18 from from IN 21781 1710 19 the the DT 21781 1710 20 surface surface NN 21781 1710 21 to to TO 21781 1710 22 become become VB 21781 1710 23 incorporated incorporated JJ 21781 1710 24 with with IN 21781 1710 25 the the DT 21781 1710 26 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1710 27 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1710 28 as as IN 21781 1710 29 membrane membrane NN 21781 1710 30 bones bone NNS 21781 1710 31 , , , 21781 1710 32 a a DT 21781 1710 33 process process NN 21781 1710 34 entirely entirely RB 21781 1710 35 completed complete VBN 21781 1710 36 in in IN 21781 1710 37 the the DT 21781 1710 38 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 1710 39 type type NN 21781 1710 40 . . . 21781 1711 1 Section section NN 21781 1711 2 4 4 CD 21781 1711 3 . . . 21781 1712 1 The the DT 21781 1712 2 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1712 3 canal canal NN 21781 1712 4 of of IN 21781 1712 5 the the DT 21781 1712 6 dog dog NN 21781 1712 7 - - HYPH 21781 1712 8 fish fish NN 21781 1712 9 , , , 21781 1712 10 is be VBZ 21781 1712 11 a a DT 21781 1712 12 simple simple JJ 21781 1712 13 tube tube NN 21781 1712 14 thrown throw VBN 21781 1712 15 into into IN 21781 1712 16 a a DT 21781 1712 17 Z z NN 21781 1712 18 shape shape NN 21781 1712 19 . . . 21781 1713 1 The the DT 21781 1713 2 mouth mouth NN 21781 1713 3 is be VBZ 21781 1713 4 rough rough JJ 21781 1713 5 with with IN 21781 1713 6 denticles denticle NNS 21781 1713 7 , , , 21781 1713 8 and and CC 21781 1713 9 has have VBZ 21781 1713 10 a a DT 21781 1713 11 fleshy fleshy RB 21781 1713 12 immovable immovable JJ 21781 1713 13 tongue tongue NN 21781 1713 14 on on IN 21781 1713 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1713 16 floor floor NN 21781 1713 17 . . . 21781 1714 1 In in IN 21781 1714 2 the the DT 21781 1714 3 position position NN 21781 1714 4 of of IN 21781 1714 5 the the DT 21781 1714 6 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 1714 7 tube tube NN 21781 1714 8 there there EX 21781 1714 9 is be VBZ 21781 1714 10 a a DT 21781 1714 11 passage passage NN 21781 1714 12 , , , 21781 1714 13 the the DT 21781 1714 14 spiracle spiracle NNP 21781 1714 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1714 16 sp sp NNP 21781 1714 17 . . . 21781 1715 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1715 2 , , , 21781 1715 3 running run VBG 21781 1715 4 out out RP 21781 1715 5 to to IN 21781 1715 6 the the DT 21781 1715 7 exterior exterior NN 21781 1715 8 just just RB 21781 1715 9 external external JJ 21781 1715 10 to to IN 21781 1715 11 the the DT 21781 1715 12 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1715 13 containing contain VBG 21781 1715 14 the the DT 21781 1715 15 ear ear NN 21781 1715 16 . . . 21781 1716 1 The the DT 21781 1716 2 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1716 3 communicates communicate VBZ 21781 1716 4 with with IN 21781 1716 5 the the DT 21781 1716 6 exterior exterior NN 21781 1716 7 through through IN 21781 1716 8 five five CD 21781 1716 9 gill gill NNP 21781 1716 10 slits slit NNS 21781 1716 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1716 12 g.s g.s NNP 21781 1716 13 . . . 21781 1717 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1717 2 , , , 21781 1717 3 and and CC 21781 1717 4 has have VBZ 21781 1717 5 , , , 21781 1717 6 of of IN 21781 1717 7 course course NN 21781 1717 8 , , , 21781 1717 9 no no DT 21781 1717 10 glottis glottis NN 21781 1717 11 or or CC 21781 1717 12 other other JJ 21781 1717 13 lung lung NN 21781 1717 14 opening opening NN 21781 1717 15 . . . 21781 1718 1 There there EX 21781 1718 2 is be VBZ 21781 1718 3 a a DT 21781 1718 4 wide wide JJ 21781 1718 5 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1718 6 passing pass VBG 21781 1718 7 into into IN 21781 1718 8 a a DT 21781 1718 9 U u NN 21781 1718 10 - - HYPH 21781 1718 11 shaped shape VBN 21781 1718 12 stomach stomach NN 21781 1718 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1718 14 st st NNP 21781 1718 15 . . NNP 21781 1718 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1718 17 , , , 21781 1718 18 having have VBG 21781 1718 19 , , , 21781 1718 20 like like IN 21781 1718 21 the the DT 21781 1718 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1718 23 's 's POS 21781 1718 24 , , , 21781 1718 25 the the DT 21781 1718 26 spleen spleen NN 21781 1718 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1718 28 sp sp NNP 21781 1718 29 . . . 21781 1718 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1719 1 on on IN 21781 1719 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1719 3 outer outer JJ 21781 1719 4 curvature curvature NN 21781 1719 5 . . . 21781 1720 1 There there EX 21781 1720 2 is be VBZ 21781 1720 3 no no DT 21781 1720 4 coiling coil VBG 21781 1720 5 small small JJ 21781 1720 6 intestine intestine NN 21781 1720 7 , , , 21781 1720 8 but but CC 21781 1720 9 the the DT 21781 1720 10 short short JJ 21781 1720 11 portion portion NN 21781 1720 12 , , , 21781 1720 13 receiving receive VBG 21781 1720 14 the the DT 21781 1720 15 bile bile NN 21781 1720 16 duct duct NN 21781 1720 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1720 18 b.d b.d NNP 21781 1720 19 . . NNP 21781 1720 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1721 1 and and CC 21781 1721 2 duct duct NN 21781 1721 3 of of IN 21781 1721 4 the the DT 21781 1721 5 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 1721 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1721 7 pan pan NNP 21781 1721 8 . . . 21781 1722 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1722 2 , , , 21781 1722 3 is be VBZ 21781 1722 4 called call VBN 21781 1722 5 the the DT 21781 1722 6 duodenum duodenum NNP 21781 1722 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1722 8 d'dum d'dum NNP 21781 1722 9 . . . 21781 1722 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1722 11 . . . 21781 1723 1 The the DT 21781 1723 2 liver liver NN 21781 1723 3 has have VBZ 21781 1723 4 large large JJ 21781 1723 5 left left NN 21781 1723 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1723 7 L.lv l.lv NN 21781 1723 8 . . . 21781 1723 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1724 1 and and CC 21781 1724 2 right right JJ 21781 1724 3 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1724 4 , , , 21781 1724 5 and and CC 21781 1724 6 a a DT 21781 1724 7 median median JJ 21781 1724 8 lobe lobe NN 21781 1724 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1724 10 M.lv M.lv NNP 21781 1724 11 . . . 21781 1725 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1725 2 , , , 21781 1725 3 in in IN 21781 1725 4 which which WDT 21781 1725 5 the the DT 21781 1725 6 gall gall NN 21781 1725 7 bladder bladder NN 21781 1725 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1725 9 g.bl g.bl NNP 21781 1725 10 . . . 21781 1725 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1726 1 is be VBZ 21781 1726 2 embedded embed VBN 21781 1726 3 . . . 21781 1727 1 The the DT 21781 1727 2 next next JJ 21781 1727 3 segment segment NN 21781 1727 4 of of IN 21781 1727 5 the the DT 21781 1727 6 intestine intestine NN 21781 1727 7 is be VBZ 21781 1727 8 fusiform fusiform NN 21781 1727 9 , , , 21781 1727 10 containing contain VBG 21781 1727 11 a a DT 21781 1727 12 spiral spiral JJ 21781 1727 13 valve valve NN 21781 1727 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1727 15 Figure figure NN 21781 1727 16 4 4 CD 21781 1727 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1727 18 , , , 21781 1727 19 the the DT 21781 1727 20 shelf shelf NN 21781 1727 21 of of IN 21781 1727 22 which which WDT 21781 1727 23 points point NNS 21781 1727 24 steeply steeply RB 21781 1727 25 forward forward RB 21781 1727 26 ; ; : 21781 1727 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1727 28 is be VBZ 21781 1727 29 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 1727 30 called call VBN 21781 1727 31 the the DT 21781 1727 32 colon colon NN 21781 1727 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1727 34 co. co. NNP 21781 1727 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1727 36 . . . 21781 1728 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1728 2 is be VBZ 21781 1728 3 absorptive absorptive JJ 21781 1728 4 in in IN 21781 1728 5 function function NN 21781 1728 6 and and CC 21781 1728 7 probably probably RB 21781 1728 8 represents represent VBZ 21781 1728 9 morphologically morphologically RB 21781 1728 10 , , , 21781 1728 11 as as IN 21781 1728 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1728 13 does do VBZ 21781 1728 14 physiologically physiologically RB 21781 1728 15 , , , 21781 1728 16 the the DT 21781 1728 17 greater great JJR 21781 1728 18 portion portion NN 21781 1728 19 of of IN 21781 1728 20 the the DT 21781 1728 21 small small JJ 21781 1728 22 intestine intestine NN 21781 1728 23 . . . 21781 1729 1 A a DT 21781 1729 2 rectal rectal JJ 21781 1729 3 gland gland NN 21781 1729 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1729 5 r.g r.g NNP 21781 1729 6 . . NNP 21781 1729 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1730 1 opens open VBZ 21781 1730 2 from from IN 21781 1730 3 the the DT 21781 1730 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1730 5 side side NN 21781 1730 6 into into IN 21781 1730 7 the the DT 21781 1730 8 final final JJ 21781 1730 9 portion portion NN 21781 1730 10 of of IN 21781 1730 11 the the DT 21781 1730 12 canal canal NN 21781 1730 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1730 14 rectum rectum NNP 21781 1730 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1730 16 . . . 21781 1731 1 Section section NN 21781 1731 2 5 5 CD 21781 1731 3 . . . 21781 1732 1 The the DT 21781 1732 2 circulation circulation NN 21781 1732 3 presents present VBZ 21781 1732 4 , , , 21781 1732 5 in in IN 21781 1732 6 many many JJ 21781 1732 7 respects respect NNS 21781 1732 8 , , , 21781 1732 9 an an DT 21781 1732 10 approximation approximation NN 21781 1732 11 to to IN 21781 1732 12 the the DT 21781 1732 13 state state NN 21781 1732 14 of of IN 21781 1732 15 affairs affair NNS 21781 1732 16 in in IN 21781 1732 17 the the DT 21781 1732 18 developing develop VBG 21781 1732 19 embryos embryo NNS 21781 1732 20 of of IN 21781 1732 21 the the DT 21781 1732 22 higher high JJR 21781 1732 23 types type NNS 21781 1732 24 . . . 21781 1733 1 The the DT 21781 1733 2 heart heart NN 21781 1733 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1733 4 Figure figure NN 21781 1733 5 3 3 CD 21781 1733 6 , , , 21781 1733 7 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1733 8 -14- -14- : 21781 1733 9 { { -LRB- 21781 1733 10 Error error NN 21781 1733 11 in in IN 21781 1733 12 First First NNP 21781 1733 13 Edition Edition NNP 21781 1733 14 } } -RRB- 21781 1733 15 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1733 16 16 16 CD 21781 1733 17 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1733 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1733 19 is be VBZ 21781 1733 20 roughly roughly RB 21781 1733 21 , , , 21781 1733 22 Z z JJ 21781 1733 23 shape shape NN 21781 1733 24 , , , 21781 1733 25 and and CC 21781 1733 26 transmits transmit NNS 21781 1733 27 only only RB 21781 1733 28 venous venous JJ 21781 1733 29 blood blood NN 21781 1733 30 . . . 21781 1734 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1734 2 lies lie VBZ 21781 1734 3 in in IN 21781 1734 4 a a DT 21781 1734 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 1734 6 , , , 21781 1734 7 the the DT 21781 1734 8 pericardial pericardial JJ 21781 1734 9 cavity cavity NN 21781 1734 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1734 11 P.c.c p.c.c NN 21781 1734 12 . . . 21781 1735 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1735 2 , , , 21781 1735 3 cut cut VBN 21781 1735 4 off off RP 21781 1735 5 by by IN 21781 1735 6 a a DT 21781 1735 7 partition partition NN 21781 1735 8 from from IN 21781 1735 9 the the DT 21781 1735 10 general general NNP 21781 1735 11 coelome coelome NN 21781 1735 12 . . . 21781 1736 1 At at IN 21781 1736 2 one one CD 21781 1736 3 point point NN 21781 1736 4 this this DT 21781 1736 5 partition partition NN 21781 1736 6 is be VBZ 21781 1736 7 imperfect imperfect JJ 21781 1736 8 , , , 21781 1736 9 and and CC 21781 1736 10 the the DT 21781 1736 11 two two CD 21781 1736 12 spaces space NNS 21781 1736 13 communicate communicate VBP 21781 1736 14 through through IN 21781 1736 15 a a DT 21781 1736 16 pericardio pericardio NN 21781 1736 17 - - HYPH 21781 1736 18 peritoneal peritoneal NN 21781 1736 19 canal canal NN 21781 1736 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1736 21 p.p.c p.p.c NNP 21781 1736 22 . . . 21781 1737 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1737 2 , , , 21781 1737 3 which which WDT 21781 1737 4 is be VBZ 21781 1737 5 also also RB 21781 1737 6 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1737 7 by by IN 21781 1737 8 an an DT 21781 1737 9 arrow arrow NN 21781 1737 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1737 11 p.p p.p NNP 21781 1737 12 . . NNP 21781 1737 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1738 1 in in IN 21781 1738 2 the the DT 21781 1738 3 position position NN 21781 1738 4 and and CC 21781 1738 5 direction direction NN 21781 1738 6 in in IN 21781 1738 7 which which WDT 21781 1738 8 the the DT 21781 1738 9 student student NN 21781 1738 10 , , , 21781 1738 11 when when WRB 21781 1738 12 dissecting dissect VBG 21781 1738 13 , , , 21781 1738 14 should should MD 21781 1738 15 thrust thrust VB 21781 1738 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1738 17 " " `` 21781 1738 18 seeker seeker NN 21781 1738 19 , , , 21781 1738 20 " " '' 21781 1738 21 in in IN 21781 1738 22 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1738 23 1 1 CD 21781 1738 24 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1738 25 15 15 CD 21781 1738 26 . . . 21781 1739 1 A a DT 21781 1739 2 sinus sinus NN 21781 1739 3 venosus venosus NN 21781 1739 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1739 5 s.v s.v NNP 21781 1739 6 . . . 21781 1740 1 in in IN 21781 1740 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1740 3 3 3 CD 21781 1740 4 , , , 21781 1740 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1740 6 16 16 CD 21781 1740 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1740 8 receives receive VBZ 21781 1740 9 the the DT 21781 1740 10 venous venous JJ 21781 1740 11 trunks trunk NNS 21781 1740 12 , , , 21781 1740 13 and and CC 21781 1740 14 carries carry VBZ 21781 1740 15 the the DT 21781 1740 16 blood blood NN 21781 1740 17 through through IN 21781 1740 18 a a DT 21781 1740 19 valve valve NN 21781 1740 20 into into IN 21781 1740 21 the the DT 21781 1740 22 baggy baggy NN 21781 1740 23 and and CC 21781 1740 24 transversely transversely RB 21781 1740 25 extended extended JJ 21781 1740 26 -auricle- -auricle- NN 21781 1740 27 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1740 28 atrium atrium NN 21781 1740 29 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1740 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1740 31 au au NNP 21781 1740 32 . . . 21781 1741 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1741 2 , , , 21781 1741 3 whence whence IN 21781 1741 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1741 5 passes pass VBZ 21781 1741 6 into into IN 21781 1741 7 the the DT 21781 1741 8 muscular muscular JJ 21781 1741 9 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 1741 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1741 11 Vn Vn NNP 21781 1741 12 . . . 21781 1742 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1742 2 , , , 21781 1742 3 and and CC 21781 1742 4 thence thence NN 21781 1742 5 into into IN 21781 1742 6 the the DT 21781 1742 7 truncus truncus JJ 21781 1742 8 arteriosus arteriosus NN 21781 1742 9 . . . 21781 1743 1 This this DT 21781 1743 2 truncus truncus NN 21781 1743 3 consists consist VBZ 21781 1743 4 of of IN 21781 1743 5 two two CD 21781 1743 6 parts part NNS 21781 1743 7 : : : 21781 1743 8 the the DT 21781 1743 9 first first JJ 21781 1743 10 , , , 21781 1743 11 the the DT 21781 1743 12 conus conus NN 21781 1743 13 or or CC 21781 1743 14 pylangium pylangium NN 21781 1743 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1743 16 c.a c.a NNP 21781 1743 17 . . . 21781 1744 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1744 2 , , , 21781 1744 3 muscular muscular JJ 21781 1744 4 , , , 21781 1744 5 contractile contractile JJ 21781 1744 6 , , , 21781 1744 7 and and CC 21781 1744 8 containing contain VBG 21781 1744 9 a a DT 21781 1744 10 series series NN 21781 1744 11 of of IN 21781 1744 12 valves valve NNS 21781 1744 13 ; ; : 21781 1744 14 the the DT 21781 1744 15 second second JJ 21781 1744 16 , , , 21781 1744 17 the the DT 21781 1744 18 bulbus bulbus NN 21781 1744 19 or or CC 21781 1744 20 synangium synangium NN 21781 1744 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1744 22 b.a b.a NNP 21781 1744 23 . . . 21781 1745 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1745 2 , , , 21781 1745 3 without without IN 21781 1745 4 valves valve NNS 21781 1745 5 and and CC 21781 1745 6 pulsatile pulsatile NN 21781 1745 7 . . . 21781 1746 1 In in IN 21781 1746 2 the the DT 21781 1746 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1746 4 both both CC 21781 1746 5 sinus sinus NN 21781 1746 6 and and CC 21781 1746 7 truncus truncus NN 21781 1746 8 are be VBP 21781 1746 9 absent absent JJ 21781 1746 10 , , , 21781 1746 11 or or CC 21781 1746 12 merged merge VBN 21781 1746 13 in in IN 21781 1746 14 the the DT 21781 1746 15 adjacent adjacent JJ 21781 1746 16 parts part NNS 21781 1746 17 of of IN 21781 1746 18 the the DT 21781 1746 19 heart heart NN 21781 1746 20 . . . 21781 1747 1 Section section NN 21781 1747 2 6 6 CD 21781 1747 3 . . . 21781 1748 1 From from IN 21781 1748 2 the the DT 21781 1748 3 bulbus bulbus NN 21781 1748 4 there there RB 21781 1748 5 branch branch NN 21781 1748 6 , , , 21781 1748 7 on on IN 21781 1748 8 either either DT 21781 1748 9 side side NN 21781 1748 10 , , , 21781 1748 11 four four CD 21781 1748 12 arterial arterial JJ 21781 1748 13 trunks trunk NNS 21781 1748 14 , , , 21781 1748 15 the the DT 21781 1748 16 first first JJ 21781 1748 17 of of IN 21781 1748 18 which which WDT 21781 1748 19 forks fork NNS 21781 1748 20 , , , 21781 1748 21 so so IN 21781 1748 22 that that IN 21781 1748 23 altogether altogether RB 21781 1748 24 there there EX 21781 1748 25 are be VBP 21781 1748 26 five five CD 21781 1748 27 afferent afferent NN 21781 1748 28 branchials branchial NNS 21781 1748 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1748 30 a.br a.br NNP 21781 1748 31 . . . 21781 1748 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1749 1 taking take VBG 21781 1749 2 blood blood NN 21781 1749 3 to to TO 21781 1749 4 be be VB 21781 1749 5 aerated aerate VBN 21781 1749 6 in in IN 21781 1749 7 the the DT 21781 1749 8 gills gill NNS 21781 1749 9 , , , 21781 1749 10 here here RB 21781 1749 11 highly highly RB 21781 1749 12 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1749 13 filamentary filamentary JJ 21781 1749 14 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 1749 15 of of IN 21781 1749 16 the the DT 21781 1749 17 internal internal JJ 21781 1749 18 walls wall NNS 21781 1749 19 of of IN 21781 1749 20 the the DT 21781 1749 21 gill gill JJ 21781 1749 22 slits slit NNS 21781 1749 23 . . . 21781 1750 1 { { -LRB- 21781 1750 2 Lines line NNS 21781 1750 3 from from IN 21781 1750 4 Second Second NNP 21781 1750 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 1750 6 only only RB 21781 1750 7 . . . 21781 1750 8 } } -RRB- 21781 1751 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1751 2 There there EX 21781 1751 3 are be VBP 21781 1751 4 altogether altogether RB 21781 1751 5 nine nine CD 21781 1751 6 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1751 7 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 1751 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1751 9 demi demi NN 21781 1751 10 - - HYPH 21781 1751 11 branchs branchs NNP 21781 1751 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1751 13 , , , 21781 1751 14 one one CD 21781 1751 15 on on IN 21781 1751 16 each each DT 21781 1751 17 wall wall NN 21781 1751 18 of of IN 21781 1751 19 each each DT 21781 1751 20 gill gill JJ 21781 1751 21 slit slit VBN 21781 1751 22 except except IN 21781 1751 23 the the DT 21781 1751 24 last last JJ 21781 1751 25 , , , 21781 1751 26 on on IN 21781 1751 27 the the DT 21781 1751 28 hind hind JJ 21781 1751 29 wall wall NN 21781 1751 30 of of IN 21781 1751 31 which which WDT 21781 1751 32 there there EX 21781 1751 33 is be VBZ 21781 1751 34 none none NN 21781 1751 35 . . . 21781 1752 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1752 2 In in IN 21781 1752 3 the the DT 21781 1752 4 spiracle spiracle NN 21781 1752 5 is be VBZ 21781 1752 6 a a DT 21781 1752 7 miniature miniature JJ 21781 1752 8 demibranch demibranch NN 21781 1752 9 , , , 21781 1752 10 the the DT 21781 1752 11 pseudo pseudo NN 21781 1752 12 - - NN 21781 1752 13 branch branch NN 21781 1752 14 . . . 21781 1753 1 This this DT 21781 1753 2 suggests suggest VBZ 21781 1753 3 that that IN 21781 1753 4 the the DT 21781 1753 5 spiracle spiracle NN 21781 1753 6 is be VBZ 21781 1753 7 really really RB 21781 1753 8 a a DT 21781 1753 9 somewhat somewhat RB 21781 1753 10 modified modified JJ 21781 1753 11 gill gill JJ 21781 1753 12 slit slit VBN 21781 1753 13 . . . 21781 1753 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1753 15 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1754 1 Four four CD 21781 1754 2 efferent efferent JJ 21781 1754 3 branchials branchial NNS 21781 1754 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1754 5 e.br e.br NNP 21781 1754 6 . . . 21781 1754 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1755 1 carry carry VB 21781 1755 2 the the DT 21781 1755 3 aerated aerate VBN 21781 1755 4 blood blood NN 21781 1755 5 on on IN 21781 1755 6 to to IN 21781 1755 7 the the DT 21781 1755 8 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1755 9 aorta aorta NN 21781 1755 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1755 11 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 1755 12 . . . 21781 1755 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1755 14 . . . 21781 1756 1 A a DT 21781 1756 2 carotid carotid JJ 21781 1756 3 artery artery NN 21781 1756 4 runs run VBZ 21781 1756 5 forward forward RB 21781 1756 6 to to IN 21781 1756 7 the the DT 21781 1756 8 head head NN 21781 1756 9 , , , 21781 1756 10 and and CC 21781 1756 11 a a DT 21781 1756 12 hypo hypo JJ 21781 1756 13 - - HYPH 21781 1756 14 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1756 15 artery artery NN 21781 1756 16 supplies supply VBZ 21781 1756 17 the the DT 21781 1756 18 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1756 19 side side NN 21781 1756 20 of of IN 21781 1756 21 the the DT 21781 1756 22 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN 21781 1756 23 region region NN 21781 1756 24 . . . 21781 1757 1 There there EX 21781 1757 2 are be VBP 21781 1757 3 sub sub JJ 21781 1757 4 - - JJ 21781 1757 5 clavian clavian JJ 21781 1757 6 , , , 21781 1757 7 coeliac coeliac NN 21781 1757 8 , , , 21781 1757 9 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 1757 10 , , , 21781 1757 11 and and CC 21781 1757 12 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1757 13 arteries artery NNS 21781 1757 14 , , , 21781 1757 15 and and CC 21781 1757 16 the the DT 21781 1757 17 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1757 18 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1757 19 is be VBZ 21781 1757 20 continued continue VBN 21781 1757 21 through through IN 21781 1757 22 the the DT 21781 1757 23 length length NN 21781 1757 24 of of IN 21781 1757 25 the the DT 21781 1757 26 tail tail NN 21781 1757 27 as as IN 21781 1757 28 the the DT 21781 1757 29 caudal caudal JJ 21781 1757 30 artery artery NN 21781 1757 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1757 32 Cd Cd NNP 21781 1757 33 . . . 21781 1757 34 A. A. NNP 21781 1757 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1757 36 . . . 21781 1758 1 Section section NN 21781 1758 2 7 7 CD 21781 1758 3 . . . 21781 1759 1 A a DT 21781 1759 2 caudal caudal JJ 21781 1759 3 vein vein NN 21781 1759 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1759 5 Cd Cd NNP 21781 1759 6 . . . 21781 1759 7 V. V. NNP 21781 1760 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1760 2 , , , 21781 1760 3 bringing bring VBG 21781 1760 4 blood blood NN 21781 1760 5 back back RB 21781 1760 6 from from IN 21781 1760 7 the the DT 21781 1760 8 tail tail NN 21781 1760 9 , , , 21781 1760 10 splits split VBZ 21781 1760 11 behind behind IN 21781 1760 12 the the DT 21781 1760 13 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 1760 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1760 15 K. K. NNP 21781 1760 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1760 17 , , , 21781 1760 18 and and CC 21781 1760 19 forms form VBZ 21781 1760 20 the the DT 21781 1760 21 paired pair VBN 21781 1760 22 renal renal JJ 21781 1760 23 portal portal JJ 21781 1760 24 veins vein NNS 21781 1760 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1760 26 r.p.v r.p.v NNP 21781 1760 27 . . . 21781 1761 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1761 2 , , , 21781 1761 3 breaking break VBG 21781 1761 4 up up RP 21781 1761 5 into into IN 21781 1761 6 a a DT 21781 1761 7 capillary capillary JJ 21781 1761 8 system system NN 21781 1761 9 in in IN 21781 1761 10 the the DT 21781 1761 11 renal renal JJ 21781 1761 12 organ organ NN 21781 1761 13 . . . 21781 1762 1 A a DT 21781 1762 2 portal portal JJ 21781 1762 3 vein vein NN 21781 1762 4 brings bring VBZ 21781 1762 5 blood blood NN 21781 1762 6 from from IN 21781 1762 7 the the DT 21781 1762 8 intestines intestine NNS 21781 1762 9 to to IN 21781 1762 10 the the DT 21781 1762 11 liver liver NN 21781 1762 12 . . . 21781 1763 1 Section section NN 21781 1763 2 8 8 CD 21781 1763 3 . . . 21781 1764 1 Instead instead RB 21781 1764 2 of of IN 21781 1764 3 being be VBG 21781 1764 4 tubular tubular JJ 21781 1764 5 vessels vessel NNS 21781 1764 6 , , , 21781 1764 7 the the DT 21781 1764 8 chief chief JJ 21781 1764 9 veins vein NNS 21781 1764 10 of of IN 21781 1764 11 the the DT 21781 1764 12 dog dog NN 21781 1764 13 - - HYPH 21781 1764 14 fish fish NN 21781 1764 15 are be VBP 21781 1764 16 , , , 21781 1764 17 in in IN 21781 1764 18 many many JJ 21781 1764 19 cases case NNS 21781 1764 20 , , , 21781 1764 21 irregular irregular JJ 21781 1764 22 baggy baggy NN 21781 1764 23 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 1764 24 . . . 21781 1765 1 Three three CD 21781 1765 2 main main JJ 21781 1765 3 venous venous JJ 21781 1765 4 trunks trunk NNS 21781 1765 5 flow flow VBP 21781 1765 6 into into IN 21781 1765 7 the the DT 21781 1765 8 sinus sinus NN 21781 1765 9 venosus venosus NN 21781 1765 10 . . . 21781 1766 1 In in IN 21781 1766 2 the the DT 21781 1766 3 median median JJ 21781 1766 4 line line NN 21781 1766 5 from from IN 21781 1766 6 behind behind RB 21781 1766 7 comes come VBZ 21781 1766 8 the the DT 21781 1766 9 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 1766 10 sinus sinus NN 21781 1766 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1766 12 H.S. H.S. NNP 21781 1767 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1767 2 ; ; : 21781 1767 3 and and CC 21781 1767 4 laterally laterally RB 21781 1767 5 , , , 21781 1767 6 from from IN 21781 1767 7 a a DT 21781 1767 8 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1767 9 direction direction NN 21781 1767 10 , , , 21781 1767 11 the the DT 21781 1767 12 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 1767 13 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 1767 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1767 15 C.S. C.S. NNP 21781 1767 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1768 1 enter enter VB 21781 1768 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1768 3 . . . 21781 1769 1 These these DT 21781 1769 2 , , , 21781 1769 3 as as IN 21781 1769 4 the the DT 21781 1769 5 student student NN 21781 1769 6 will will MD 21781 1769 7 presently presently RB 21781 1769 8 perceive perceive VB 21781 1769 9 , , , 21781 1769 10 are be VBP 21781 1769 11 the the DT 21781 1769 12 equivalents equivalent NNS 21781 1769 13 of of IN 21781 1769 14 the the DT 21781 1769 15 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1769 16 's 's POS 21781 1769 17 superior superior JJ 21781 1769 18 cavae cavae NNS 21781 1769 19 . . . 21781 1770 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1770 2 receive receive VBP 21781 1770 3 , , , 21781 1770 4 near near IN 21781 1770 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1770 6 confluence confluence NN 21781 1770 7 with with IN 21781 1770 8 the the DT 21781 1770 9 sinus sinus NN 21781 1770 10 venosus venosus NN 21781 1770 11 , , , 21781 1770 12 the the DT 21781 1770 13 inferior inferior JJ 21781 1770 14 jugular jugular NNP 21781 1770 15 vein vein NN 21781 1770 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1770 17 I.J.V. I.J.V. NNP 21781 1770 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1770 19 . . . 21781 1771 1 At at IN 21781 1771 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1771 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1771 4 origin origin NN 21781 1771 5 , , , 21781 1771 6 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1771 7 are be VBP 21781 1771 8 formed form VBN 21781 1771 9 by by IN 21781 1771 10 the the DT 21781 1771 11 meeting meeting NN 21781 1771 12 of of IN 21781 1771 13 the the DT 21781 1771 14 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1771 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1771 16 A.C.S. A.C.S. NNP 21781 1771 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1772 1 and and CC 21781 1772 2 posterior posterior NNP 21781 1772 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1772 4 P.C.S. P.C.S. NNP 21781 1772 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1773 1 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 1773 2 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 1773 3 . . . 21781 1774 1 The the DT 21781 1774 2 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1774 3 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 1774 4 sinus sinus NN 21781 1774 5 -is -is : 21781 1774 6 , , , 21781 1774 7 roughly roughly RB 21781 1774 8 , , , 21781 1774 9 the the DT 21781 1774 10 equivalent equivalent NN 21781 1774 11 of of IN 21781 1774 12 the the DT 21781 1774 13 internal internal JJ 21781 1774 14 jugular jugular NNP 21781 1774 15 vein- vein- NN 21781 1774 16 , , , 21781 1774 17 lies lie VBZ 21781 1774 18 along along IN 21781 1774 19 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1774 20 to to IN 21781 1774 21 the the DT 21781 1774 22 gill gill NNP 21781 1774 23 slits slit NNS 21781 1774 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1774 25 g.s g.s NNP 21781 1774 26 . . . 21781 1775 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1775 2 , , , 21781 1775 3 and and CC 21781 1775 4 receives receive VBZ 21781 1775 5 an an DT 21781 1775 6 orbital orbital JJ 21781 1775 7 sinus sinus NN 21781 1775 8 from from IN 21781 1775 9 the the DT 21781 1775 10 eye eye NN 21781 1775 11 . . . 21781 1776 1 The the DT 21781 1776 2 posterior posterior NNP 21781 1776 3 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 1776 4 sinus sinus NN 21781 1776 5 receives receive VBZ 21781 1776 6 a a DT 21781 1776 7 sub sub JJ 21781 1776 8 - - JJ 21781 1776 9 clavian clavian JJ 21781 1776 10 vein vein NN 21781 1776 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1776 12 s.c.v s.c.v NNP 21781 1776 13 . . . 21781 1776 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1777 1 and and CC 21781 1777 2 a a DT 21781 1777 3 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1777 4 vein vein NN 21781 1777 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1777 6 L.V. L.V. NNP 21781 1778 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1778 2 , , , 21781 1778 3 and and CC 21781 1778 4 fuses fuse VBZ 21781 1778 5 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1778 6 with with IN 21781 1778 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1778 8 fellow fellow NN 21781 1778 9 in in IN 21781 1778 10 the the DT 21781 1778 11 middle middle JJ 21781 1778 12 line line NN 21781 1778 13 . . . 21781 1779 1 This this DT 21781 1779 2 median median JJ 21781 1779 3 fusion fusion NN 21781 1779 4 is be VBZ 21781 1779 5 a a DT 21781 1779 6 departure departure NN 21781 1779 7 from from IN 21781 1779 8 the the DT 21781 1779 9 normal normal JJ 21781 1779 10 fish fish NN 21781 1779 11 type type NN 21781 1779 12 . . . 21781 1780 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1780 2 must must MD 21781 1780 3 not not RB 21781 1780 4 be be VB 21781 1780 5 confused confuse VBN 21781 1780 6 with with IN 21781 1780 7 the the DT 21781 1780 8 inferior inferior JJ 21781 1780 9 cava cava NN 21781 1780 10 , , , 21781 1780 11 which which WDT 21781 1780 12 is be VBZ 21781 1780 13 not not RB 21781 1780 14 found find VBN 21781 1780 15 in in IN 21781 1780 16 the the DT 21781 1780 17 dog dog NN 21781 1780 18 - - HYPH 21781 1780 19 fish fish NN 21781 1780 20 , , , 21781 1780 21 the the DT 21781 1780 22 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1780 23 right right NN 21781 1780 24 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1780 25 posterior posterior NN 21781 1780 26 cardinals cardinal NNS 21781 1780 27 representing represent VBG 21781 1780 28 the the DT 21781 1780 29 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1780 30 's 's POS 21781 1780 31 azygos azygos NN 21781 1780 32 vein vein NN 21781 1780 33 . . . 21781 1781 1 A a DT 21781 1781 2 simplified simplified JJ 21781 1781 3 diagram diagram NN 21781 1781 4 of of IN 21781 1781 5 the the DT 21781 1781 6 circulation circulation NN 21781 1781 7 of of IN 21781 1781 8 a a DT 21781 1781 9 fish fish NN 21781 1781 10 is be VBZ 21781 1781 11 given give VBN 21781 1781 12 in in IN 21781 1781 13 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1781 14 2 2 CD 21781 1781 15 , , , 21781 1781 16 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1781 17 16 16 CD 21781 1781 18 , , , 21781 1781 19 and and CC 21781 1781 20 this this DT 21781 1781 21 should should MD 21781 1781 22 be be VB 21781 1781 23 carefully carefully RB 21781 1781 24 compared compare VBN 21781 1781 25 with with IN 21781 1781 26 the the DT 21781 1781 27 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1781 28 small small JJ 21781 1781 29 figure figure NN 21781 1781 30 given give VBN 21781 1781 31 of of IN 21781 1781 32 the the DT 21781 1781 33 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1781 34 system system NN 21781 1781 35 of of IN 21781 1781 36 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1781 37 other other JJ 21781 1781 38 types type NNS 21781 1781 39 . . . 21781 1782 1 { { -LRB- 21781 1782 2 Lines line NNS 21781 1782 3 from from IN 21781 1782 4 Second Second NNP 21781 1782 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 1782 6 only only RB 21781 1782 7 . . . 21781 1782 8 } } -RRB- 21781 1783 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1783 2 The the DT 21781 1783 3 blood blood NN 21781 1783 4 of of IN 21781 1783 5 the the DT 21781 1783 6 dog dog NN 21781 1783 7 - - HYPH 21781 1783 8 fish fish NN 21781 1783 9 resembles resemble NNS 21781 1783 10 that that DT 21781 1783 11 of of IN 21781 1783 12 the the DT 21781 1783 13 frog frog NN 21781 1783 14 . . . 21781 1783 15 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1784 1 Section section NN 21781 1784 2 9 9 CD 21781 1784 3 . . . 21781 1785 1 The the DT 21781 1785 2 internal internal JJ 21781 1785 3 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 1785 4 , , , 21781 1785 5 as as IN 21781 1785 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1785 7 have have VBP 21781 1785 8 said say VBD 21781 1785 9 , , , 21781 1785 10 is be VBZ 21781 1785 11 entirely entirely RB 21781 1785 12 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1785 13 , , , 21781 1785 14 and and CC 21781 1785 15 only only RB 21781 1785 16 those those DT 21781 1785 17 parts part NNS 21781 1785 18 which which WDT 21781 1785 19 are be VBP 21781 1785 20 pre pre VBN 21781 1785 21 - - VBN 21781 1785 22 formed form VBN 21781 1785 23 in in IN 21781 1785 24 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1785 25 in in IN 21781 1785 26 the the DT 21781 1785 27 skeletons skeleton NNS 21781 1785 28 of of IN 21781 1785 29 the the DT 21781 1785 30 higher high JJR 21781 1785 31 types type NNS 21781 1785 32 are be VBP 21781 1785 33 represented represent VBN 21781 1785 34 here here RB 21781 1785 35 . . . 21781 1786 1 The the DT 21781 1786 2 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1786 3 column column NN 21781 1786 4 consists consist VBZ 21781 1786 5 of of IN 21781 1786 6 two two CD 21781 1786 7 types type NNS 21781 1786 8 of of IN 21781 1786 9 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1786 10 , , , 21781 1786 11 the the DT 21781 1786 12 trunk trunk NN 21781 1786 13 , , , 21781 1786 14 bearing bear VBG 21781 1786 15 short short JJ 21781 1786 16 , , , 21781 1786 17 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1786 18 , , , 21781 1786 19 horizontally horizontally RB 21781 1786 20 - - HYPH 21781 1786 21 projecting project VBG 21781 1786 22 ribs rib NNS 21781 1786 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1786 24 r. r. NNP 21781 1786 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1786 26 , , , 21781 1786 27 and and CC 21781 1786 28 the the DT 21781 1786 29 caudal caudal NN 21781 1786 30 . . . 21781 1787 1 The the DT 21781 1787 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1787 3 of of IN 21781 1787 4 Figure figure NN 21781 1787 5 5 5 CD 21781 1787 6 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1787 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1787 8 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1787 9 18 18 CD 21781 1787 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1787 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1787 12 are be VBP 21781 1787 13 to to TO 21781 1787 14 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 1787 15 the the DT 21781 1787 16 structure structure NN 21781 1787 17 of of IN 21781 1787 18 the the DT 21781 1787 19 centrum centrum NN 21781 1787 20 of of IN 21781 1787 21 a a DT 21781 1787 22 dog dog NN 21781 1787 23 - - HYPH 21781 1787 24 fish fish NN 21781 1787 25 vertebra vertebra NNS 21781 1787 26 ; ; : 21781 1787 27 C C NNP 21781 1787 28 is be VBZ 21781 1787 29 a a DT 21781 1787 30 side side JJ 21781 1787 31 view view NN 21781 1787 32 , , , 21781 1787 33 D d NN 21781 1787 34 a a DT 21781 1787 35 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 1787 36 median median JJ 21781 1787 37 section section NN 21781 1787 38 , , , 21781 1787 39 A a NN 21781 1787 40 and and CC 21781 1787 41 B b NN 21781 1787 42 are be VBP 21781 1787 43 transverse transverse JJ 21781 1787 44 sections section NNS 21781 1787 45 at at IN 21781 1787 46 the the DT 21781 1787 47 points point NNS 21781 1787 48 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1787 49 by by IN 21781 1787 50 -B -B NNS 21781 1787 51 and and CC 21781 1787 52 A- a- XX 21781 1787 53 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1787 54 A a NN 21781 1787 55 and and CC 21781 1787 56 B b NN 21781 1787 57 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1787 58 respectively respectively RB 21781 1787 59 in in IN 21781 1787 60 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1787 61 C. C. NNP 21781 1787 62 -(By -(By : 21781 1787 63 an an DT 21781 1787 64 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 21781 1787 65 slip slip NN 21781 1787 66 of of IN 21781 1787 67 the the DT 21781 1787 68 pen pen NN 21781 1787 69 in in IN 21781 1787 70 the the DT 21781 1787 71 figure figure NN 21781 1787 72 , , , 21781 1787 73 A a DT 21781 1787 74 was be VBD 21781 1787 75 substituted substitute VBN 21781 1787 76 for for IN 21781 1787 77 B b NN 21781 1787 78 ; ; : 21781 1787 79 section section NN 21781 1787 80 A a DT 21781 1787 81 corresponds correspond VBZ 21781 1787 82 to to TO 21781 1787 83 line line NN 21781 1787 84 B b NN 21781 1787 85 , , , 21781 1787 86 and and CC 21781 1787 87 vice vice NN 21781 1787 88 versa versa RB 21781 1787 89 . . . 21781 1788 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1788 2 - - : 21781 1788 3 The the DT 21781 1788 4 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1788 5 are be VBP 21781 1788 6 hollowed hollow VBN 21781 1788 7 out out RP 21781 1788 8 both both DT 21781 1788 9 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 1788 10 and and CC 21781 1788 11 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1788 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1788 13 amphi amphi JJ 21781 1788 14 - - HYPH 21781 1788 15 coelous coelous JJ 21781 1788 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1788 17 , , , 21781 1788 18 and and CC 21781 1788 19 a a DT 21781 1788 20 jelly jelly NN 21781 1788 21 - - HYPH 21781 1788 22 like like JJ 21781 1788 23 notochord notochord NN 21781 1788 24 runs run VBZ 21781 1788 25 through through IN 21781 1788 26 the the DT 21781 1788 27 entire entire JJ 21781 1788 28 length length NN 21781 1788 29 of of IN 21781 1788 30 the the DT 21781 1788 31 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1788 32 column column NN 21781 1788 33 , , , 21781 1788 34 being be VBG 21781 1788 35 constricted constrict VBN 21781 1788 36 at at IN 21781 1788 37 the the DT 21781 1788 38 centres centre NNS 21781 1788 39 of of IN 21781 1788 40 the the DT 21781 1788 41 centra centra NNP 21781 1788 42 , , , 21781 1788 43 and and CC 21781 1788 44 dilated dilate VBN 21781 1788 45 between between IN 21781 1788 46 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1788 47 . . . 21781 1789 1 The the DT 21781 1789 2 neural neural JJ 21781 1789 3 arch arch NN 21781 1789 4 above above IN 21781 1789 5 the the DT 21781 1789 6 centrum centrum NN 21781 1789 7 , , , 21781 1789 8 and and CC 21781 1789 9 containing contain VBG 21781 1789 10 the the DT 21781 1789 11 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1789 12 cord cord NN 21781 1789 13 , , , 21781 1789 14 is be VBZ 21781 1789 15 made make VBN 21781 1789 16 up up RP 21781 1789 17 of of IN 21781 1789 18 neural neural JJ 21781 1789 19 plates plate NNS 21781 1789 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1789 21 n.p n.p NNP 21781 1789 22 . . . 21781 1790 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1790 2 , , , 21781 1790 3 and and CC 21781 1790 4 interneural interneural JJ 21781 1790 5 plates plate NNS 21781 1790 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1790 7 i.n.p i.n.p NNP 21781 1790 8 . . . 21781 1791 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1791 2 , , , 21781 1791 3 completed complete VBN 21781 1791 4 above above IN 21781 1791 5 by by IN 21781 1791 6 a a DT 21781 1791 7 median median JJ 21781 1791 8 neural neural JJ 21781 1791 9 spine spine NNP 21781 1791 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1791 11 n.s n.s NNP 21781 1791 12 . . NNP 21781 1791 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1791 14 . . . 21781 1792 1 In in IN 21781 1792 2 the the DT 21781 1792 3 caudal caudal JJ 21781 1792 4 region region NN 21781 1792 5 , , , 21781 1792 6 instead instead RB 21781 1792 7 of of IN 21781 1792 8 ribs rib NNS 21781 1792 9 projecting project VBG 21781 1792 10 outwardly outwardly RB 21781 1792 11 , , , 21781 1792 12 there there EX 21781 1792 13 are be VBP 21781 1792 14 haemal haemal JJ 21781 1792 15 processes process NNS 21781 1792 16 , , , 21781 1792 17 inclined inclined JJ 21781 1792 18 downwards downwards RB 21781 1792 19 and and CC 21781 1792 20 meeting meet VBG 21781 1792 21 below below RB 21781 1792 22 , , , 21781 1792 23 forming form VBG 21781 1792 24 an an DT 21781 1792 25 arch arch NN 21781 1792 26 , , , 21781 1792 27 the the DT 21781 1792 28 haemal haemal JJ 21781 1792 29 arch arch NN 21781 1792 30 , , , 21781 1792 31 containing contain VBG 21781 1792 32 the the DT 21781 1792 33 caudal caudal JJ 21781 1792 34 artery artery NN 21781 1792 35 and and CC 21781 1792 36 vein-- vein-- VB 21781 1792 37 the the DT 21781 1792 38 vein vein NN 21781 1792 39 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1792 40 to to IN 21781 1792 41 the the DT 21781 1792 42 artery-- artery-- NN 21781 1792 43 and and CC 21781 1792 44 resembling resemble VBG 21781 1792 45 the the DT 21781 1792 46 neural neural JJ 21781 1792 47 arch arch NN 21781 1792 48 , , , 21781 1792 49 which which WDT 21781 1792 50 contains contain VBZ 21781 1792 51 the the DT 21781 1792 52 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1792 53 cord cord NN 21781 1792 54 above above IN 21781 1792 55 , , , 21781 1792 56 in in IN 21781 1792 57 shape shape NN 21781 1792 58 and and CC 21781 1792 59 size size NN 21781 1792 60 . . . 21781 1793 1 Section section NN 21781 1793 2 10 10 CD 21781 1793 3 . . . 21781 1794 1 The the DT 21781 1794 2 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 1794 3 limb limb NN 21781 1794 4 and and CC 21781 1794 5 girdle girdle NN 21781 1794 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1794 7 Figure figure NN 21781 1794 8 4 4 CD 21781 1794 9 , , , 21781 1794 10 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1794 11 16 16 CD 21781 1794 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1794 13 have have VBP 21781 1794 14 only only RB 21781 1794 15 a a DT 21781 1794 16 very very RB 21781 1794 17 vague vague JJ 21781 1794 18 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 1794 19 to to IN 21781 1794 20 the the DT 21781 1794 21 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 1794 22 structures structure NNS 21781 1794 23 in in IN 21781 1794 24 the the DT 21781 1794 25 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1794 26 . . . 21781 1795 1 The the DT 21781 1795 2 girdle girdle NN 21781 1795 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1795 4 g. g. NNP 21781 1795 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1795 6 is be VBZ 21781 1795 7 a a DT 21781 1795 8 transverse transverse JJ 21781 1795 9 bar bar NN 21781 1795 10 lying lying NN 21781 1795 11 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1795 12 to to IN 21781 1795 13 the the DT 21781 1795 14 pericardial pericardial JJ 21781 1795 15 wall wall NN 21781 1795 16 , , , 21781 1795 17 and and CC 21781 1795 18 sending send VBG 21781 1795 19 up up RP 21781 1795 20 a a DT 21781 1795 21 portion portion NN 21781 1795 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1795 23 sc sc RB 21781 1795 24 . . . 21781 1796 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1796 2 , , , 21781 1796 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1796 4 to to IN 21781 1796 5 the the DT 21781 1796 6 attachment attachment NN 21781 1796 7 of of IN 21781 1796 8 the the DT 21781 1796 9 limb limb NN 21781 1796 10 , , , 21781 1796 11 which which WDT 21781 1796 12 answers answer VBZ 21781 1796 13 to to IN 21781 1796 14 the the DT 21781 1796 15 scapula scapula NN 21781 1796 16 and and CC 21781 1796 17 supra supra NN 21781 1796 18 - - HYPH 21781 1796 19 scapula scapula NN 21781 1796 20 of of IN 21781 1796 21 the the DT 21781 1796 22 forms form NNS 21781 1796 23 above above IN 21781 1796 24 the the DT 21781 1796 25 fish fish NN 21781 1796 26 . . . 21781 1797 1 Three three CD 21781 1797 2 main main JJ 21781 1797 3 cartilages cartilage NNS 21781 1797 4 , , , 21781 1797 5 named name VBN 21781 1797 6 respectively respectively RB 21781 1797 7 the the DT 21781 1797 8 pro- pro- NN 21781 1797 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1797 10 p.p p.p NNP 21781 1797 11 . . . 21781 1798 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1798 2 , , , 21781 1798 3 meso- meso- NNP 21781 1798 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1798 5 m.p m.p NNP 21781 1798 6 . . . 21781 1799 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1799 2 , , , 21781 1799 3 and and CC 21781 1799 4 meta meta JJ 21781 1799 5 - - HYPH 21781 1799 6 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 1799 7 , , , 21781 1799 8 form form VB 21781 1799 9 the the DT 21781 1799 10 base base NN 21781 1799 11 of of IN 21781 1799 12 the the DT 21781 1799 13 limb limb NN 21781 1799 14 . . . 21781 1800 1 With with IN 21781 1800 2 these these DT 21781 1800 3 , , , 21781 1800 4 smaller small JJR 21781 1800 5 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1800 6 plates plate NNS 21781 1800 7 , , , 21781 1800 8 rods rod NNS 21781 1800 9 , , , 21781 1800 10 and and CC 21781 1800 11 nodules nodule VBZ 21781 1800 12 articulate articulate JJ 21781 1800 13 , , , 21781 1800 14 and and CC 21781 1800 15 form form VB 21781 1800 16 a a DT 21781 1800 17 flattened flatten VBN 21781 1800 18 skeletal skeletal JJ 21781 1800 19 support support NN 21781 1800 20 for for IN 21781 1800 21 the the DT 21781 1800 22 fin fin NN 21781 1800 23 . . . 21781 1801 1 Section section NN 21781 1801 2 11 11 CD 21781 1801 3 . . . 21781 1802 1 The the DT 21781 1802 2 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1802 3 girdle girdle NN 21781 1802 4 and and CC 21781 1802 5 limb limb NN 21781 1802 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1802 7 Figure figure NN 21781 1802 8 2 2 CD 21781 1802 9 , , , 21781 1802 10 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1802 11 15 15 CD 21781 1802 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1802 13 are be VBP 21781 1802 14 similar similar JJ 21781 1802 15 in in IN 21781 1802 16 structure structure NN 21781 1802 17 , , , 21781 1802 18 but but CC 21781 1802 19 the the DT 21781 1802 20 pro pro JJ 21781 1802 21 - - JJ 21781 1802 22 pterygium pterygium JJ 21781 1802 23 and and CC 21781 1802 24 meso meso NN 21781 1802 25 - - HYPH 21781 1802 26 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 1802 27 are be VBP 21781 1802 28 absent absent JJ 21781 1802 29 , , , 21781 1802 30 and and CC 21781 1802 31 the the DT 21781 1802 32 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1802 33 answering answer VBG 21781 1802 34 to to IN 21781 1802 35 the the DT 21781 1802 36 meta meta JJ 21781 1802 37 - - HYPH 21781 1802 38 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 1802 39 goes go VBZ 21781 1802 40 by by IN 21781 1802 41 the the DT 21781 1802 42 name name NN 21781 1802 43 of of IN 21781 1802 44 the the DT 21781 1802 45 basi basi NN 21781 1802 46 - - HYPH 21781 1802 47 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 1802 48 . . . 21781 1803 1 In in IN 21781 1803 2 the the DT 21781 1803 3 male male NN 21781 1803 4 , , , 21781 1803 5 but but CC 21781 1803 6 not not RB 21781 1803 7 in in IN 21781 1803 8 the the DT 21781 1803 9 female female NN 21781 1803 10 , , , 21781 1803 11 the the DT 21781 1803 12 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1803 13 fins fin NNS 21781 1803 14 are be VBP 21781 1803 15 united unite VBN 21781 1803 16 behind behind IN 21781 1803 17 the the DT 21781 1803 18 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1803 19 , , , 21781 1803 20 and and CC 21781 1803 21 there there EX 21781 1803 22 are be VBP 21781 1803 23 two two CD 21781 1803 24 stiff stiff JJ 21781 1803 25 grooved grooved JJ 21781 1803 26 copulatory copulatory JJ 21781 1803 27 organs organ NNS 21781 1803 28 , , , 21781 1803 29 the the DT 21781 1803 30 claspers clasper NNS 21781 1803 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1803 32 cl cl UH 21781 1803 33 . . . 21781 1804 1 in in IN 21781 1804 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1804 3 1 1 CD 21781 1804 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1804 5 , , , 21781 1804 6 which which WDT 21781 1804 7 have have VBP 21781 1804 8 a a DT 21781 1804 9 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1804 10 support support NN 21781 1804 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1804 12 cl.c cl.c NNP 21781 1804 13 . . . 21781 1804 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1804 15 . . . 21781 1805 1 These these DT 21781 1805 2 claspers clasper NNS 21781 1805 3 form form VBP 21781 1805 4 the the DT 21781 1805 5 readiest readiest NN 21781 1805 6 means mean NNS 21781 1805 7 of of IN 21781 1805 8 determining determine VBG 21781 1805 9 the the DT 21781 1805 10 sex sex NN 21781 1805 11 of of IN 21781 1805 12 a a DT 21781 1805 13 specimen speciman NNS 21781 1805 14 before before IN 21781 1805 15 dissection dissection NN 21781 1805 16 . . . 21781 1806 1 Section section NN 21781 1806 2 12 12 CD 21781 1806 3 . . . 21781 1807 1 The the DT 21781 1807 2 skull skull NN 21781 1807 3 consists consist VBZ 21781 1807 4 of of IN 21781 1807 5 a a DT 21781 1807 6 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1807 7 cranium cranium NN 21781 1807 8 , , , 21781 1807 9 and and CC 21781 1807 10 of of IN 21781 1807 11 jaw jaw NN 21781 1807 12 and and CC 21781 1807 13 visceral visceral JJ 21781 1807 14 arches arch NNS 21781 1807 15 . . . 21781 1808 1 The the DT 21781 1808 2 cranium cranium NN 21781 1808 3 persists persist VBZ 21781 1808 4 throughout throughout IN 21781 1808 5 life life NN 21781 1808 6 , , , 21781 1808 7 in in IN 21781 1808 8 what what WP 21781 1808 9 closely closely RB 21781 1808 10 resembles resemble VBZ 21781 1808 11 a a DT 21781 1808 12 transitory transitory JJ 21781 1808 13 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 1808 14 condition condition NN 21781 1808 15 of of IN 21781 1808 16 the the DT 21781 1808 17 higher high JJR 21781 1808 18 types type NNS 21781 1808 19 . . . 21781 1809 1 There there EX 21781 1809 2 is be VBZ 21781 1809 3 a a DT 21781 1809 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 1809 5 capsule capsule NN 21781 1809 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1809 7 na.c na.c NNP 21781 1809 8 . . . 21781 1810 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1810 2 , , , 21781 1810 3 a a DT 21781 1810 4 brain brain NN 21781 1810 5 case case NN 21781 1810 6 proper proper JJ 21781 1810 7 , , , 21781 1810 8 and and CC 21781 1810 9 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1810 10 otic otic NN 21781 1810 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1810 12 auditory auditory JJ 21781 1810 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1810 14 capsules capsule NNS 21781 1810 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1810 16 ot.c ot.c NNP 21781 1810 17 . . . 21781 1810 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1811 1 containing contain VBG 21781 1811 2 the the DT 21781 1811 3 internal internal JJ 21781 1811 4 ear ear NN 21781 1811 5 . . . 21781 1812 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1812 2 This this DT 21781 1812 3 should should MD 21781 1812 4 be be VB 21781 1812 5 compared compare VBN 21781 1812 6 with with IN 21781 1812 7 the the DT 21781 1812 8 frog frog NN 21781 1812 9 's 's POS 21781 1812 10 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 1812 11 skull skull NNP 21781 1812 12 . . . 21781 1812 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1813 1 The the DT 21781 1813 2 upper upper JJ 21781 1813 3 jaw jaw NN 21781 1813 4 has have VBZ 21781 1813 5 a a DT 21781 1813 6 great great JJ 21781 1813 7 bar bar NN 21781 1813 8 of of IN 21781 1813 9 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1813 10 , , , 21781 1813 11 the the DT 21781 1813 12 palato palato NN 21781 1813 13 - - HYPH 21781 1813 14 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 1813 15 , , , 21781 1813 16 as as IN 21781 1813 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1813 18 sole sole JJ 21781 1813 19 support support NN 21781 1813 20 ; ; : 21781 1813 21 the the DT 21781 1813 22 arch arch NN 21781 1813 23 of of IN 21781 1813 24 premaxilla premaxilla NNP 21781 1813 25 , , , 21781 1813 26 maxilla maxilla NNP 21781 1813 27 , , , 21781 1813 28 jugal jugal NNP 21781 1813 29 , , , 21781 1813 30 and and CC 21781 1813 31 squamosal-- squamosal-- VB 21781 1813 32 all all DT 21781 1813 33 membrane membrane NN 21781 1813 34 bones-- bones-- NNP 21781 1813 35 is be VBZ 21781 1813 36 , , , 21781 1813 37 of of IN 21781 1813 38 course course NN 21781 1813 39 , , , 21781 1813 40 not not RB 21781 1813 41 represented represent VBN 21781 1813 42 . . . 21781 1814 1 In in IN 21781 1814 2 the the DT 21781 1814 3 frog frog NN 21781 1814 4 this this DT 21781 1814 5 bar bar NN 21781 1814 6 of of IN 21781 1814 7 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1814 8 is be VBZ 21781 1814 9 joined join VBN 21781 1814 10 directly directly RB 21781 1814 11 to to IN 21781 1814 12 the the DT 21781 1814 13 otic otic JJ 21781 1814 14 capsule capsule NN 21781 1814 15 by by IN 21781 1814 16 a a DT 21781 1814 17 quadrate quadrate JJ 21781 1814 18 portion portion NN 21781 1814 19 , , , 21781 1814 20 but but CC 21781 1814 21 this this DT 21781 1814 22 is be VBZ 21781 1814 23 only only RB 21781 1814 24 doubtfully doubtfully RB 21781 1814 25 represented represent VBN 21781 1814 26 in in IN 21781 1814 27 the the DT 21781 1814 28 dog dog NN 21781 1814 29 - - HYPH 21781 1814 30 fish fish NN 21781 1814 31 by by IN 21781 1814 32 a a DT 21781 1814 33 nodule nodule NN 21781 1814 34 of of IN 21781 1814 35 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1814 36 in in IN 21781 1814 37 the the DT 21781 1814 38 pre pre JJ 21781 1814 39 - - JJ 21781 1814 40 spiracular spiracular JJ 21781 1814 41 ligament ligament NN 21781 1814 42 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1814 43 p.s p.s NNP 21781 1814 44 . . NNP 21781 1814 45 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1814 46 . . . 21781 1815 1 The the DT 21781 1815 2 lower low JJR 21781 1815 3 jaw jaw NN 21781 1815 4 is be VBZ 21781 1815 5 supported support VBN 21781 1815 6 , , , 21781 1815 7 by by IN 21781 1815 8 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 1815 9 's 's POS 21781 1815 10 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1815 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1815 12 M.C. M.C. NNP 21781 1815 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1815 14 . . . 21781 1816 1 The the DT 21781 1816 2 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 1816 3 arch arch NN 21781 1816 4 consists consist VBZ 21781 1816 5 of of IN 21781 1816 6 two two CD 21781 1816 7 main main JJ 21781 1816 8 masses masse NNS 21781 1816 9 of of IN 21781 1816 10 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1816 11 , , , 21781 1816 12 the the DT 21781 1816 13 hyomandibular hyomandibular JJ 21781 1816 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1816 15 h.m h.m NNP 21781 1816 16 . . NNP 21781 1816 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1816 18 , , , 21781 1816 19 and and CC 21781 1816 20 the the DT 21781 1816 21 ceratohyal ceratohyal NNP 21781 1816 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1816 23 c.h c.h NNP 21781 1816 24 . . . 21781 1817 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1817 2 ; ; : 21781 1817 3 the the DT 21781 1817 4 former former JJ 21781 1817 5 of of IN 21781 1817 6 these these DT 21781 1817 7 is be VBZ 21781 1817 8 tilted tilt VBN 21781 1817 9 slightly slightly RB 21781 1817 10 forward forward RB 21781 1817 11 , , , 21781 1817 12 so so IN 21781 1817 13 that that IN 21781 1817 14 the the DT 21781 1817 15 gill gill JJ 21781 1817 16 slit slit NN 21781 1817 17 between between IN 21781 1817 18 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1817 19 and and CC 21781 1817 20 the the DT 21781 1817 21 jaw jaw NN 21781 1817 22 arch arch NN 21781 1817 23 is be VBZ 21781 1817 24 obliterated obliterate VBN 21781 1817 25 below below RB 21781 1817 26 , , , 21781 1817 27 and and CC 21781 1817 28 the the DT 21781 1817 29 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1817 30 comes come VBZ 21781 1817 31 to to TO 21781 1817 32 serve serve VB 21781 1817 33 as as IN 21781 1817 34 the the DT 21781 1817 35 intermediary intermediary NN 21781 1817 36 in in IN 21781 1817 37 the the DT 21781 1817 38 suspension suspension NN 21781 1817 39 of of IN 21781 1817 40 the the DT 21781 1817 41 jaw jaw NN 21781 1817 42 from from IN 21781 1817 43 the the DT 21781 1817 44 otic otic JJ 21781 1817 45 mass mass NN 21781 1817 46 . . . 21781 1818 1 There there EX 21781 1818 2 are be VBP 21781 1818 3 five five CD 21781 1818 4 branchia[l branchia[l NNP 21781 1818 5 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1818 6 arches arch NNS 21781 1818 7 , , , 21781 1818 8 made make VBN 21781 1818 9 up up RP 21781 1818 10 pharyngo- pharyngo- NN 21781 1818 11 , , , 21781 1818 12 epi- epi- NNS 21781 1818 13 and and CC 21781 1818 14 cerato cerato NN 21781 1818 15 - - HYPH 21781 1818 16 branchials branchial NNS 21781 1818 17 , , , 21781 1818 18 and and CC 21781 1818 19 the the DT 21781 1818 20 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1818 21 elements element NNS 21781 1818 22 fuse fuse VBP 21781 1818 23 in in IN 21781 1818 24 the the DT 21781 1818 25 middle middle JJ 21781 1818 26 line line NN 21781 1818 27 to to TO 21781 1818 28 form form VB 21781 1818 29 a a DT 21781 1818 30 common common JJ 21781 1818 31 plate plate NN 21781 1818 32 of of IN 21781 1818 33 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1818 34 . . . 21781 1819 1 Outside outside IN 21781 1819 2 these these DT 21781 1819 3 arches arch NNS 21781 1819 4 are be VBP 21781 1819 5 certain certain JJ 21781 1819 6 small small JJ 21781 1819 7 cartilages cartilage NNS 21781 1819 8 , , , 21781 1819 9 the the DT 21781 1819 10 extra extra JJ 21781 1819 11 branchials branchial NNS 21781 1819 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1819 13 ex.b ex.b NNS 21781 1819 14 . . . 21781 1819 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1820 1 which which WDT 21781 1820 2 , , , 21781 1820 3 together together RB 21781 1820 4 with with IN 21781 1820 5 certain certain JJ 21781 1820 6 small small JJ 21781 1820 7 labials labial NNS 21781 1820 8 by by IN 21781 1820 9 the the DT 21781 1820 10 nostrils nostril NNS 21781 1820 11 and and CC 21781 1820 12 at at IN 21781 1820 13 the the DT 21781 1820 14 sides side NNS 21781 1820 15 of of IN 21781 1820 16 the the DT 21781 1820 17 gape gape NN 21781 1820 18 , , , 21781 1820 19 probably probably RB 21781 1820 20 represent represent VBP 21781 1820 21 structures structure NNS 21781 1820 22 of of IN 21781 1820 23 considerably considerably RB 21781 1820 24 greater great JJR 21781 1820 25 importance importance NN 21781 1820 26 in in IN 21781 1820 27 that that DT 21781 1820 28 still still RB 21781 1820 29 more more RBR 21781 1820 30 primitive primitive JJ 21781 1820 31 fish fish NN 21781 1820 32 , , , 21781 1820 33 the the DT 21781 1820 34 lamprey lamprey NN 21781 1820 35 . . . 21781 1821 1 The the DT 21781 1821 2 deep deep JJ 21781 1821 3 groove groove NN 21781 1821 4 figured figure VBD 21781 1821 5 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1821 6 to to IN 21781 1821 7 the the DT 21781 1821 8 otic otic JJ 21781 1821 9 capsule capsule NN 21781 1821 10 is be VBZ 21781 1821 11 the the DT 21781 1821 12 connecting connect VBG 21781 1821 13 line line NN 21781 1821 14 of of IN 21781 1821 15 the the DT 21781 1821 16 orbital orbital JJ 21781 1821 17 and and CC 21781 1821 18 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1821 19 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 1821 20 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 1821 21 ; ; : 21781 1821 22 the the DT 21781 1821 23 outline outline NN 21781 1821 24 of of IN 21781 1821 25 the the DT 21781 1821 26 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1821 27 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 1821 28 sinus sinus NNP 21781 1821 29 in in IN 21781 1821 30 this this DT 21781 1821 31 figure figure NN 21781 1821 32 and and CC 21781 1821 33 in in IN 21781 1821 34 Figure figure NN 21781 1821 35 1 1 CD 21781 1821 36 is be VBZ 21781 1821 37 roughly roughly RB 21781 1821 38 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1821 39 by by IN 21781 1821 40 a a DT 21781 1821 41 dotted dotted JJ 21781 1821 42 line line NN 21781 1821 43 . . . 21781 1822 1 Section section NN 21781 1822 2 13 13 CD 21781 1822 3 . . . 21781 1823 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1823 2 3a 3a NNP 21781 1823 3 is be VBZ 21781 1823 4 a a DT 21781 1823 5 rough rough JJ 21781 1823 6 diagram diagram NN 21781 1823 7 of of IN 21781 1823 8 the the DT 21781 1823 9 internal internal JJ 21781 1823 10 ear-- ear-- NNP 21781 1823 11 the the DT 21781 1823 12 only only JJ 21781 1823 13 auditory auditory JJ 21781 1823 14 structure structure NN 21781 1823 15 of of IN 21781 1823 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1823 17 type type NN 21781 1823 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1823 19 compare compare VB 21781 1823 20 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1823 21 , , , 21781 1823 22 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1823 23 7 7 CD 21781 1823 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1823 25 . . . 21781 1824 1 To to TO 21781 1824 2 dissect dissect VB 21781 1824 3 out out RP 21781 1824 4 the the DT 21781 1824 5 auditory auditory JJ 21781 1824 6 labyrinth labyrinth NN 21781 1824 7 without without IN 21781 1824 8 injury injury NN 21781 1824 9 is be VBZ 21781 1824 10 a a DT 21781 1824 11 difficult difficult JJ 21781 1824 12 performance performance NN 21781 1824 13 , , , 21781 1824 14 but but CC 21781 1824 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1824 16 structure structure NN 21781 1824 17 may may MD 21781 1824 18 be be VB 21781 1824 19 made make VBN 21781 1824 20 out out RP 21781 1824 21 very very RB 21781 1824 22 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 21781 1824 23 by by IN 21781 1824 24 paring pare VBG 21781 1824 25 away away RB 21781 1824 26 successive successive JJ 21781 1824 27 slices slice NNS 21781 1824 28 of of IN 21781 1824 29 the the DT 21781 1824 30 otic otic JJ 21781 1824 31 mass mass NN 21781 1824 32 . . . 21781 1825 1 Such such PDT 21781 1825 2 a a DT 21781 1825 3 section section NN 21781 1825 4 is be VBZ 21781 1825 5 shown show VBN 21781 1825 6 by by IN 21781 1825 7 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1825 8 3b 3b NNP 21781 1825 9 ; ; : 21781 1825 10 through through IN 21781 1825 11 the the DT 21781 1825 12 translucent translucent JJ 21781 1825 13 hyaline hyaline NN 21781 1825 14 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1825 15 the the DT 21781 1825 16 utriculus utriculus JJ 21781 1825 17 and and CC 21781 1825 18 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 1825 19 canal canal NN 21781 1825 20 can can MD 21781 1825 21 be be VB 21781 1825 22 darkly darkly RB 21781 1825 23 seen see VBN 21781 1825 24 . . . 21781 1826 1 The the DT 21781 1826 2 ductus ductus JJ 21781 1826 3 endolymphaticus endolymphaticus NN 21781 1826 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1826 5 vide vide NN 21781 1826 6 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 1826 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1826 8 is be VBZ 21781 1826 9 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1826 10 by by IN 21781 1826 11 a a DT 21781 1826 12 dotted dotted JJ 21781 1826 13 line line NN 21781 1826 14 in in IN 21781 1826 15 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1826 16 figure figure NN 21781 1826 17 . . . 21781 1827 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1827 2 is be VBZ 21781 1827 3 situated situate VBN 21781 1827 4 internal internal JJ 21781 1827 5 to to IN 21781 1827 6 the the DT 21781 1827 7 right right JJ 21781 1827 8 - - HYPH 21781 1827 9 angle angle NN 21781 1827 10 between between IN 21781 1827 11 the the DT 21781 1827 12 two two CD 21781 1827 13 vertical vertical JJ 21781 1827 14 canals canal NNS 21781 1827 15 , , , 21781 1827 16 and and CC 21781 1827 17 reaches reach VBZ 21781 1827 18 to to IN 21781 1827 19 the the DT 21781 1827 20 surface surface NN 21781 1827 21 of of IN 21781 1827 22 the the DT 21781 1827 23 otic otic JJ 21781 1827 24 capsule capsule NN 21781 1827 25 . . . 21781 1828 1 Section section NN 21781 1828 2 14 14 CD 21781 1828 3 . . . 21781 1829 1 The the DT 21781 1829 2 brain brain NN 21781 1829 3 shows show VBZ 21781 1829 4 the the DT 21781 1829 5 three three CD 21781 1829 6 primary primary JJ 21781 1829 7 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 1829 8 much much RB 21781 1829 9 more more RBR 21781 1829 10 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 1829 11 than than IN 21781 1829 12 do do VB 21781 1829 13 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1829 14 higher high JJR 21781 1829 15 types type NNS 21781 1829 16 . . . 21781 1830 1 The the DT 21781 1830 2 fore fore JJ 21781 1830 3 - - HYPH 21781 1830 4 brain brain NN 21781 1830 5 has have VBZ 21781 1830 6 large large JJ 21781 1830 7 laterally laterally RB 21781 1830 8 separated separated JJ 21781 1830 9 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 1830 10 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1830 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1830 12 rh rh NNP 21781 1830 13 . . . 21781 1831 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1831 2 , , , 21781 1831 3 there there EX 21781 1831 4 are be VBP 21781 1831 5 relatively relatively RB 21781 1831 6 small small JJ 21781 1831 7 " " `` 21781 1831 8 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 1831 9 " " '' 21781 1831 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1831 11 pr.c pr.c CD 21781 1831 12 . . . 21781 1832 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1832 2 , , , 21781 1832 3 the the DT 21781 1832 4 stalk stalk NN 21781 1832 5 of of IN 21781 1832 6 the the DT 21781 1832 7 pineal pineal NN 21781 1832 8 gland gland NN 21781 1832 9 tilts tilt VBZ 21781 1832 10 forward forward RB 21781 1832 11 , , , 21781 1832 12 and and CC 21781 1832 13 the the DT 21781 1832 14 gland gland NN 21781 1832 15 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 1832 16 is be VBZ 21781 1832 17 much much RB 21781 1832 18 nearer near JJR 21781 1832 19 the the DT 21781 1832 20 surface surface NN 21781 1832 21 , , , 21781 1832 22 being be VBG 21781 1832 23 embedded embed VBN 21781 1832 24 in in IN 21781 1832 25 the the DT 21781 1832 26 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1832 27 of of IN 21781 1832 28 the the DT 21781 1832 29 brain brain NN 21781 1832 30 case case NN 21781 1832 31 , , , 21781 1832 32 and and CC 21781 1832 33 the the DT 21781 1832 34 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 1832 35 body body NN 21781 1832 36 is be VBZ 21781 1832 37 relatively relatively RB 21781 1832 38 very very RB 21781 1832 39 large large JJ 21781 1832 40 , , , 21781 1832 41 and and CC 21781 1832 42 has have VBZ 21781 1832 43 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1832 44 vascular vascular JJ 21781 1832 45 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1832 46 on on IN 21781 1832 47 either either DT 21781 1832 48 side side NN 21781 1832 49 . . . 21781 1833 1 Following follow VBG 21781 1833 2 the the DT 21781 1833 3 usual usual JJ 21781 1833 4 interpretation interpretation NN 21781 1833 5 of of IN 21781 1833 6 the the DT 21781 1833 7 parts part NNS 21781 1833 8 , , , 21781 1833 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1833 10 find find VBP 21781 1833 11 optic optic JJ 21781 1833 12 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1833 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1833 14 op.l op.l NNP 21781 1833 15 . . . 21781 1833 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1834 1 as as IN 21781 1834 2 the the DT 21781 1834 3 roof roof NN 21781 1834 4 of of IN 21781 1834 5 the the DT 21781 1834 6 mid mid JJ 21781 1834 7 - - NN 21781 1834 8 brain brain NN 21781 1834 9 , , , 21781 1834 10 and and CC 21781 1834 11 behind behind IN 21781 1834 12 a a DT 21781 1834 13 very very RB 21781 1834 14 large large JJ 21781 1834 15 , , , 21781 1834 16 median median JJ 21781 1834 17 , , , 21781 1834 18 hollow hollow JJ 21781 1834 19 , , , 21781 1834 20 tongue tongue NN 21781 1834 21 - - HYPH 21781 1834 22 shaped shape VBN 21781 1834 23 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 1834 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1834 25 c.b c.b NNP 21781 1834 26 . . . 21781 1834 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1834 28 . . . 21781 1835 1 The the DT 21781 1835 2 medulla medulla NN 21781 1835 3 is be VBZ 21781 1835 4 large large JJ 21781 1835 5 , , , 21781 1835 6 and and CC 21781 1835 7 certain certain JJ 21781 1835 8 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1835 9 restiform restiform NN 21781 1835 10 tracts tract NNS 21781 1835 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1835 12 r.t r.t NNP 21781 1835 13 . . NNP 21781 1835 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1835 15 therein therein RB 21781 1835 16 , , , 21781 1835 17 which which WDT 21781 1835 18 also also RB 21781 1835 19 occur occur VBP 21781 1835 20 in in IN 21781 1835 21 the the DT 21781 1835 22 higher high JJR 21781 1835 23 types type NNS 21781 1835 24 , , , 21781 1835 25 are be VBP 21781 1835 26 here here RB 21781 1835 27 exceptionally exceptionally RB 21781 1835 28 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 21781 1835 29 . . . 21781 1836 1 Section section NN 21781 1836 2 15 15 CD 21781 1836 3 . . . 21781 1837 1 The the DT 21781 1837 2 dog dog NN 21781 1837 3 - - HYPH 21781 1837 4 fish fish NN 21781 1837 5 has have VBZ 21781 1837 6 ten ten CD 21781 1837 7 pairs pair NNS 21781 1837 8 of of IN 21781 1837 9 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1837 10 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1837 11 , , , 21781 1837 12 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 1837 13 to to IN 21781 1837 14 the the DT 21781 1837 15 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1837 16 ten ten CD 21781 1837 17 of of IN 21781 1837 18 the the DT 21781 1837 19 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1837 20 very very RB 21781 1837 21 closely closely RB 21781 1837 22 , , , 21781 1837 23 when when WRB 21781 1837 24 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1837 25 allow allow VBP 21781 1837 26 for for IN 21781 1837 27 the the DT 21781 1837 28 modification modification NN 21781 1837 29 the the DT 21781 1837 30 latter latter NN 21781 1837 31 has have VBZ 21781 1837 32 suffered suffer VBN 21781 1837 33 through through IN 21781 1837 34 the the DT 21781 1837 35 conversion conversion NN 21781 1837 36 of of IN 21781 1837 37 some some DT 21781 1837 38 part part NN 21781 1837 39 of of IN 21781 1837 40 the the DT 21781 1837 41 spiracular spiracular NN 21781 1837 42 cleft cleave VBN 21781 1837 43 to to IN 21781 1837 44 an an DT 21781 1837 45 eardrum eardrum NN 21781 1837 46 , , , 21781 1837 47 and and CC 21781 1837 48 the the DT 21781 1837 49 obliteration obliteration NN 21781 1837 50 of of IN 21781 1837 51 the the DT 21781 1837 52 post post JJ 21781 1837 53 - - JJ 21781 1837 54 hyoid hyoid JJ 21781 1837 55 branchial branchial JJ 21781 1837 56 slits slit NNS 21781 1837 57 . . . 21781 1838 1 The the DT 21781 1838 2 first first JJ 21781 1838 3 and and CC 21781 1838 4 second second JJ 21781 1838 5 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1838 6 are be VBP 21781 1838 7 really really RB 21781 1838 8 brain brain NN 21781 1838 9 lobes lobe NNS 21781 1838 10 , , , 21781 1838 11 and and CC 21781 1838 12 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1838 13 of of IN 21781 1838 14 the the DT 21781 1838 15 special special JJ 21781 1838 16 senses sense NNS 21781 1838 17 of of IN 21781 1838 18 smell smell NN 21781 1838 19 and and CC 21781 1838 20 sight sight NN 21781 1838 21 respectively respectively RB 21781 1838 22 . . . 21781 1839 1 The the DT 21781 1839 2 third third JJ 21781 1839 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1839 4 oculomotor oculomotor NN 21781 1839 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1839 6 , , , 21781 1839 7 the the DT 21781 1839 8 fourth fourth JJ 21781 1839 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1839 10 patheticus patheticus NN 21781 1839 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1839 12 , , , 21781 1839 13 and and CC 21781 1839 14 the the DT 21781 1839 15 sixth sixth JJ 21781 1839 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1839 17 abducens abducens NNP 21781 1839 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1839 19 are be VBP 21781 1839 20 distributed distribute VBN 21781 1839 21 to to IN 21781 1839 22 exactly exactly RB 21781 1839 23 the the DT 21781 1839 24 same same JJ 21781 1839 25 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1839 26 of of IN 21781 1839 27 the the DT 21781 1839 28 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 1839 29 as as IN 21781 1839 30 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1839 31 are be VBP 21781 1839 32 in in IN 21781 1839 33 the the DT 21781 1839 34 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1839 35 . . . 21781 1840 1 The the DT 21781 1840 2 fifth fifth JJ 21781 1840 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1840 4 , , , 21781 1840 5 has have VBZ 21781 1840 6 , , , 21781 1840 7 in in IN 21781 1840 8 the the DT 21781 1840 9 dog dog NN 21781 1840 10 - - HYPH 21781 1840 11 fish fish NN 21781 1840 12 , , , 21781 1840 13 as as IN 21781 1840 14 in in IN 21781 1840 15 the the DT 21781 1840 16 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1840 17 , , , 21781 1840 18 three three CD 21781 1840 19 chief chief JJ 21781 1840 20 branches branch NNS 21781 1840 21 . . . 21781 1841 1 V.2 V.2 NNP 21781 1841 2 and and CC 21781 1841 3 V.3 V.3 NNP 21781 1841 4 fork fork VBP 21781 1841 5 over over IN 21781 1841 6 the the DT 21781 1841 7 mouth mouth NN 21781 1841 8 just just RB 21781 1841 9 as as IN 21781 1841 10 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1841 11 do do VBP 21781 1841 12 in in IN 21781 1841 13 the the DT 21781 1841 14 mammal mammal JJ 21781 1841 15 ; ; : 21781 1841 16 V.1 V.1 NNP 21781 1841 17 passes pass VBZ 21781 1841 18 out out IN 21781 1841 19 of of IN 21781 1841 20 the the DT 21781 1841 21 cranium cranium NN 21781 1841 22 by by IN 21781 1841 23 a a DT 21781 1841 24 separate separate JJ 21781 1841 25 and and CC 21781 1841 26 more more JJR 21781 1841 27 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1841 28 opening opening NN 21781 1841 29 , , , 21781 1841 30 and and CC 21781 1841 31 runs run VBZ 21781 1841 32 along along IN 21781 1841 33 a a DT 21781 1841 34 groove groove NN 21781 1841 35 along along IN 21781 1841 36 the the DT 21781 1841 37 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1841 38 internal internal JJ 21781 1841 39 wall wall NN 21781 1841 40 of of IN 21781 1841 41 the the DT 21781 1841 42 orbit orbit NN 21781 1841 43 , , , 21781 1841 44 immediately immediately RB 21781 1841 45 beneath beneath IN 21781 1841 46 a a DT 21781 1841 47 similar similar JJ 21781 1841 48 branch branch NN 21781 1841 49 of of IN 21781 1841 50 VII VII NNP 21781 1841 51 . . NNP 21781 1841 52 , , , 21781 1841 53 which which WDT 21781 1841 54 is be VBZ 21781 1841 55 not not RB 21781 1841 56 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1841 57 in in IN 21781 1841 58 the the DT 21781 1841 59 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1841 60 . . . 21781 1842 1 The the DT 21781 1842 2 grooves groove NNS 21781 1842 3 are be VBP 21781 1842 4 shown show VBN 21781 1842 5 in in IN 21781 1842 6 the the DT 21781 1842 7 figure figure NN 21781 1842 8 of of IN 21781 1842 9 the the DT 21781 1842 10 cranium cranium NN 21781 1842 11 , , , 21781 1842 12 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1842 13 18 18 CD 21781 1842 14 ; ; : 21781 1842 15 the the DT 21781 1842 16 joint joint JJ 21781 1842 17 nerve nerve NN 21781 1842 18 thus thus RB 21781 1842 19 compounded compound VBN 21781 1842 20 of of IN 21781 1842 21 V. V. NNP 21781 1842 22 and and CC 21781 1842 23 VII VII NNP 21781 1842 24 . . . 21781 1843 1 is be VBZ 21781 1843 2 called call VBN 21781 1843 3 the the DT 21781 1843 4 ophthalmic ophthalmic NNP 21781 1843 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1843 6 oph oph UH 21781 1843 7 . . . 21781 1843 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1843 9 . . . 21781 1844 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1844 2 is be VBZ 21781 1844 3 distributed distribute VBN 21781 1844 4 to to IN 21781 1844 5 the the DT 21781 1844 6 skin skin NN 21781 1844 7 above above IN 21781 1844 8 the the DT 21781 1844 9 nose nose NN 21781 1844 10 and and CC 21781 1844 11 orbit orbit NN 21781 1844 12 . . . 21781 1845 1 When when WRB 21781 1845 2 the the DT 21781 1845 3 student student NN 21781 1845 4 commences commence VBZ 21781 1845 5 to to TO 21781 1845 6 dissect dissect VB 21781 1845 7 the the DT 21781 1845 8 head head NN 21781 1845 9 of of IN 21781 1845 10 a a DT 21781 1845 11 dog dog NN 21781 1845 12 - - HYPH 21781 1845 13 fish fish NN 21781 1845 14 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1845 15 notices notice VBZ 21781 1845 16 over over IN 21781 1845 17 the the DT 21781 1845 18 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1845 19 surface surface NN 21781 1845 20 of of IN 21781 1845 21 the the DT 21781 1845 22 snout snout NN 21781 1845 23 an an DT 21781 1845 24 exudation exudation NN 21781 1845 25 of of IN 21781 1845 26 a a DT 21781 1845 27 yellowish yellowish JJ 21781 1845 28 jelly jelly NN 21781 1845 29 - - HYPH 21781 1845 30 like like JJ 21781 1845 31 substance substance NN 21781 1845 32 , , , 21781 1845 33 and and CC 21781 1845 34 on on IN 21781 1845 35 removing remove VBG 21781 1845 36 the the DT 21781 1845 37 tough tough JJ 21781 1845 38 skin skin NN 21781 1845 39 over over IN 21781 1845 40 this this DT 21781 1845 41 region region NN 21781 1845 42 and and CC 21781 1845 43 over over IN 21781 1845 44 the the DT 21781 1845 45 centre centre NN 21781 1845 46 of of IN 21781 1845 47 the the DT 21781 1845 48 skull skull NN 21781 1845 49 he -PRON- PRP 21781 1845 50 finds find VBZ 21781 1845 51 , , , 21781 1845 52 lying lie VBG 21781 1845 53 beneath beneath IN 21781 1845 54 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1845 55 , , , 21781 1845 56 a a DT 21781 1845 57 quantity quantity NN 21781 1845 58 of of IN 21781 1845 59 coiling coil VBG 21781 1845 60 simple simple JJ 21781 1845 61 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 1845 62 full full JJ 21781 1845 63 of of IN 21781 1845 64 such such JJ 21781 1845 65 yellowish yellowish JJ 21781 1845 66 matter matter NN 21781 1845 67 . . . 21781 1846 1 These these DT 21781 1846 2 tubuli tubuli NNS 21781 1846 3 open open JJ 21781 1846 4 on on IN 21781 1846 5 the the DT 21781 1846 6 surface surface NN 21781 1846 7 by by IN 21781 1846 8 small small JJ 21781 1846 9 pores pore NNS 21781 1846 10 , , , 21781 1846 11 and and CC 21781 1846 12 the the DT 21781 1846 13 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1846 14 terminate terminate VBP 21781 1846 15 in in IN 21781 1846 16 hair hair NN 21781 1846 17 - - HYPH 21781 1846 18 like like JJ 21781 1846 19 extremities extremity NNS 21781 1846 20 in in IN 21781 1846 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1846 22 lining lining NN 21781 1846 23 . . . 21781 1847 1 These these DT 21781 1847 2 sense sense NN 21781 1847 3 tubes tube NNS 21781 1847 4 are be VBP 21781 1847 5 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 1847 6 to to IN 21781 1847 7 aquatic aquatic JJ 21781 1847 8 forms form NNS 21781 1847 9 ; ; : 21781 1847 10 allied ally VBN 21781 1847 11 structures structure NNS 21781 1847 12 are be VBP 21781 1847 13 found find VBN 21781 1847 14 over over IN 21781 1847 15 the the DT 21781 1847 16 head head NN 21781 1847 17 and and CC 21781 1847 18 along along IN 21781 1847 19 a a DT 21781 1847 20 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1847 21 line line NN 21781 1847 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1847 23 see see VB 21781 1847 24 below below RB 21781 1847 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1847 26 in in IN 21781 1847 27 the the DT 21781 1847 28 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1847 29 , , , 21781 1847 30 but but CC 21781 1847 31 when when WRB 21781 1847 32 the the DT 21781 1847 33 frog frog NN 21781 1847 34 emerges emerge VBZ 21781 1847 35 from from IN 21781 1847 36 the the DT 21781 1847 37 water water NN 21781 1847 38 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1847 39 are be VBP 21781 1847 40 lost lose VBN 21781 1847 41 . . . 21781 1848 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1848 2 , , , 21781 1848 3 doubtless doubtless RB 21781 1848 4 , , , 21781 1848 5 indicate indicate VBP 21781 1848 6 some some DT 21781 1848 7 unknown unknown JJ 21781 1848 8 sense sense NN 21781 1848 9 entirely entirely RB 21781 1848 10 beyond beyond IN 21781 1848 11 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1848 12 experience experience NN 21781 1848 13 , , , 21781 1848 14 and and CC 21781 1848 15 either either CC 21781 1848 16 only only RB 21781 1848 17 possible possible JJ 21781 1848 18 or or CC 21781 1848 19 only only RB 21781 1848 20 necessary necessary JJ 21781 1848 21 when when WRB 21781 1848 22 the the DT 21781 1848 23 animal animal NN 21781 1848 24 is be VBZ 21781 1848 25 submerged submerge VBN 21781 1848 26 . . . 21781 1849 1 In in IN 21781 1849 2 addition addition NN 21781 1849 3 to to IN 21781 1849 4 the the DT 21781 1849 5 ophthalmic ophthalmic JJ 21781 1849 6 moiety moiety NNP 21781 1849 7 mentioned mention VBN 21781 1849 8 above above RB 21781 1849 9 , , , 21781 1849 10 the the DT 21781 1849 11 seventh seventh JJ 21781 1849 12 nerve nerve NN 21781 1849 13 has have VBZ 21781 1849 14 a a DT 21781 1849 15 vidian vidian JJ 21781 1849 16 branch branch NN 21781 1849 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1849 18 vid vid NNP 21781 1849 19 . . . 21781 1849 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1850 1 running run VBG 21781 1850 2 over over IN 21781 1850 3 the the DT 21781 1850 4 roof roof NN 21781 1850 5 of of IN 21781 1850 6 the the DT 21781 1850 7 mouth mouth NN 21781 1850 8 , , , 21781 1850 9 and and CC 21781 1850 10 besides besides IN 21781 1850 11 this this DT 21781 1850 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1850 13 main main JJ 21781 1850 14 branches branch NNS 21781 1850 15 fork fork VBP 21781 1850 16 over over IN 21781 1850 17 the the DT 21781 1850 18 spiracle spiracle NN 21781 1850 19 , , , 21781 1850 20 just just RB 21781 1850 21 as as IN 21781 1850 22 V. v. NN 21781 1850 23 forks fork NNS 21781 1850 24 over over IN 21781 1850 25 the the DT 21781 1850 26 mouth mouth NN 21781 1850 27 , , , 21781 1850 28 and and CC 21781 1850 29 as as IN 21781 1850 30 IX IX NNP 21781 1850 31 . . . 21781 1851 1 and and CC 21781 1851 2 X. X. NNP 21781 1851 3 fork fork VBP 21781 1851 4 over over IN 21781 1851 5 gill gill JJ 21781 1851 6 clefts cleft NNS 21781 1851 7 . . . 21781 1852 1 This this DT 21781 1852 2 nerve nerve NN 21781 1852 3 in in IN 21781 1852 4 the the DT 21781 1852 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1852 6 is be VBZ 21781 1852 7 evidently evidently RB 21781 1852 8 considerably considerably RB 21781 1852 9 modified modify VBN 21781 1852 10 from from IN 21781 1852 11 this this DT 21781 1852 12 more more RBR 21781 1852 13 primitive primitive JJ 21781 1852 14 condition condition NN 21781 1852 15 . . . 21781 1853 1 The the DT 21781 1853 2 eighth eighth JJ 21781 1853 3 is be VBZ 21781 1853 4 the the DT 21781 1853 5 auditory auditory JJ 21781 1853 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 1853 7 , , , 21781 1853 8 as as IN 21781 1853 9 in in IN 21781 1853 10 the the DT 21781 1853 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1853 12 . . . 21781 1854 1 The the DT 21781 1854 2 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1854 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1854 4 forks fork NNS 21781 1854 5 over over IN 21781 1854 6 the the DT 21781 1854 7 first first JJ 21781 1854 8 branchial branchial NN 21781 1854 9 cleft cleft NN 21781 1854 10 . . . 21781 1855 1 The the DT 21781 1855 2 tenth tenth JJ 21781 1855 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 1855 4 is be VBZ 21781 1855 5 easily easily RB 21781 1855 6 exposed expose VBN 21781 1855 7 by by IN 21781 1855 8 cutting cut VBG 21781 1855 9 down down RP 21781 1855 10 through through IN 21781 1855 11 the the DT 21781 1855 12 body body NN 21781 1855 13 wall wall NN 21781 1855 14 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1855 15 over over IN 21781 1855 16 the the DT 21781 1855 17 gill gill JJ 21781 1855 18 clefts cleft NNS 21781 1855 19 , , , 21781 1855 20 into into IN 21781 1855 21 the the DT 21781 1855 22 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1855 23 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 1855 24 sinus sinus NNP 21781 1855 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1855 26 A.C.S. A.C.S. NNP 21781 1855 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1855 28 . . . 21781 1856 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1856 2 gives give VBZ 21781 1856 3 off off RP 21781 1856 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1856 5 a a DT 21781 1856 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1856 7 branches branch NNS 21781 1856 8 forking fork VBG 21781 1856 9 over over IN 21781 1856 10 the the DT 21781 1856 11 posterior posterior NN 21781 1856 12 four four CD 21781 1856 13 gill gill JJ 21781 1856 14 slits slit NNS 21781 1856 15 , , , 21781 1856 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1856 17 b b LS 21781 1856 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1856 19 a a DT 21781 1856 20 great great JJ 21781 1856 21 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1856 22 nerve nerve NN 21781 1856 23 running run VBG 21781 1856 24 inward inward RB 21781 1856 25 , , , 21781 1856 26 and and CC 21781 1856 27 back back RB 21781 1856 28 through through IN 21781 1856 29 the the DT 21781 1856 30 body body NN 21781 1856 31 - - HYPH 21781 1856 32 wall wall NN 21781 1856 33 muscle muscle NN 21781 1856 34 , , , 21781 1856 35 and and CC 21781 1856 36 connected connect VBN 21781 1856 37 with with IN 21781 1856 38 a a DT 21781 1856 39 line line NN 21781 1856 40 of of IN 21781 1856 41 sense sense NN 21781 1856 42 organs organ NNS 21781 1856 43 similar similar JJ 21781 1856 44 to to IN 21781 1856 45 those those DT 21781 1856 46 in in IN 21781 1856 47 the the DT 21781 1856 48 head head NN 21781 1856 49 , , , 21781 1856 50 the the DT 21781 1856 51 lateral lateral JJ 21781 1856 52 line line NN 21781 1856 53 , , , 21781 1856 54 and and CC 21781 1856 55 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1856 56 c c NN 21781 1856 57 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1856 58 a a DT 21781 1856 59 visceral visceral JJ 21781 1856 60 nerve nerve NN 21781 1856 61 curving curve VBG 21781 1856 62 round round RB 21781 1856 63 to to IN 21781 1856 64 the the DT 21781 1856 65 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1856 66 and and CC 21781 1856 67 stomach stomach NN 21781 1856 68 . . . 21781 1857 1 In in IN 21781 1857 2 dissection dissection NN 21781 1857 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1857 4 becomes become VBZ 21781 1857 5 very very RB 21781 1857 6 evident evident JJ 21781 1857 7 that that IN 21781 1857 8 the the DT 21781 1857 9 tenth tenth JJ 21781 1857 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 1857 11 is be VBZ 21781 1857 12 really really RB 21781 1857 13 a a DT 21781 1857 14 leash leash NN 21781 1857 15 of of IN 21781 1857 16 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1857 17 , , , 21781 1857 18 each each DT 21781 1857 19 one one CD 21781 1857 20 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1857 21 to to IN 21781 1857 22 the the DT 21781 1857 23 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1857 24 . . . 21781 1858 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1858 2 may may MD 21781 1858 3 here here RB 21781 1858 4 call call VB 21781 1858 5 the the DT 21781 1858 6 attention attention NN 21781 1858 7 of of IN 21781 1858 8 the the DT 21781 1858 9 reader reader NN 21781 1858 10 to to IN 21781 1858 11 the the DT 21781 1858 12 fact fact NN 21781 1858 13 of of IN 21781 1858 14 the the DT 21781 1858 15 singular singular JJ 21781 1858 16 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 1858 17 of of IN 21781 1858 18 V. V. NNP 21781 1858 19 , , , 21781 1858 20 VII VII NNP 21781 1858 21 . . NNP 21781 1858 22 , , , 21781 1858 23 IX IX NNP 21781 1858 24 . . NNP 21781 1858 25 , , , 21781 1858 26 and and CC 21781 1858 27 the the DT 21781 1858 28 factors factor NNS 21781 1858 29 of of IN 21781 1858 30 X. X. NNP 21781 1859 1 That that IN 21781 1859 2 each each DT 21781 1859 3 has have VBZ 21781 1859 4 a a DT 21781 1859 5 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1859 6 fork fork NN 21781 1859 7 , , , 21781 1859 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1859 9 have have VBP 21781 1859 10 already already RB 21781 1859 11 noticed notice VBN 21781 1859 12 . . . 21781 1860 1 Each each DT 21781 1860 2 also also RB 21781 1860 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1860 4 ? ? . 21781 1860 5 IX ix NN 21781 1860 6 . . . 21781 1860 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1861 1 has have VBZ 21781 1861 2 a a DT 21781 1861 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1861 4 constituent constituent NN 21781 1861 5 connected connect VBN 21781 1861 6 with with IN 21781 1861 7 the the DT 21781 1861 8 sense sense NN 21781 1861 9 organs organ NNS 21781 1861 10 of of IN 21781 1861 11 the the DT 21781 1861 12 skin skin NN 21781 1861 13 . . . 21781 1862 1 The the DT 21781 1862 2 vidian vidian JJ 21781 1862 3 branch branch NN 21781 1862 4 of of IN 21781 1862 5 VII VII NNP 21781 1862 6 . . . 21781 1862 7 , , , 21781 1862 8 however however RB 21781 1862 9 , , , 21781 1862 10 is be VBZ 21781 1862 11 not not RB 21781 1862 12 evidently evidently RB 21781 1862 13 represented represent VBN 21781 1862 14 in in IN 21781 1862 15 the the DT 21781 1862 16 others other NNS 21781 1862 17 . . . 21781 1863 1 Section section NN 21781 1863 2 16 16 CD 21781 1863 3 . . . 21781 1864 1 The the DT 21781 1864 2 coelom coelom NN 21781 1864 3 of of IN 21781 1864 4 the the DT 21781 1864 5 dog dog NN 21781 1864 6 - - HYPH 21781 1864 7 fish fish NN 21781 1864 8 is be VBZ 21781 1864 9 peculiar-- peculiar-- VBN 21781 1864 10 among among IN 21781 1864 11 the the DT 21781 1864 12 types type NNS 21781 1864 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1864 14 treat treat VBP 21781 1864 15 of-- of-- NNP 21781 1864 16 in in IN 21781 1864 17 the the DT 21781 1864 18 possession possession NN 21781 1864 19 of of IN 21781 1864 20 two two CD 21781 1864 21 direct direct JJ 21781 1864 22 communications communication NNS 21781 1864 23 with with IN 21781 1864 24 the the DT 21781 1864 25 exterior exterior NN 21781 1864 26 , , , 21781 1864 27 in in IN 21781 1864 28 addition addition NN 21781 1864 29 to to IN 21781 1864 30 the the DT 21781 1864 31 customary customary JJ 21781 1864 32 indirect indirect JJ 21781 1864 33 way way NN 21781 1864 34 through through IN 21781 1864 35 the the DT 21781 1864 36 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 1864 37 . . . 21781 1865 1 These these DT 21781 1865 2 are be VBP 21781 1865 3 the the DT 21781 1865 4 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 1865 5 pores pore NNS 21781 1865 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1865 7 a.p a.p NNP 21781 1865 8 . . . 21781 1865 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1866 1 on on IN 21781 1866 2 either either DT 21781 1866 3 side side NN 21781 1866 4 of of IN 21781 1866 5 the the DT 21781 1866 6 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1866 7 in in IN 21781 1866 8 either either DT 21781 1866 9 sex sex NN 21781 1866 10 . . . 21781 1867 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1867 2 can can MD 21781 1867 3 always always RB 21781 1867 4 be be VB 21781 1867 5 readily readily RB 21781 1867 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 21781 1867 7 by by IN 21781 1867 8 probing probe VBG 21781 1867 9 out out RP 21781 1867 10 from from IN 21781 1867 11 the the DT 21781 1867 12 body body NN 21781 1867 13 cavity cavity NN 21781 1867 14 , , , 21781 1867 15 in in IN 21781 1867 16 the the DT 21781 1867 17 direction direction NN 21781 1867 18 indicated indicate VBN 21781 1867 19 by by IN 21781 1867 20 the the DT 21781 1867 21 arrow arrow NN 21781 1867 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1867 23 a.p a.p NNP 21781 1867 24 . . . 21781 1867 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1868 1 in in IN 21781 1868 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1868 3 1 1 CD 21781 1868 4 , , , 21781 1868 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1868 6 15 15 CD 21781 1868 7 . . . 21781 1869 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1869 2 probably probably RB 21781 1869 3 serve serve VBP 21781 1869 4 to to TO 21781 1869 5 equalize equalize VB 21781 1869 6 the the DT 21781 1869 7 internal internal JJ 21781 1869 8 and and CC 21781 1869 9 external external JJ 21781 1869 10 pressure pressure NN 21781 1869 11 of of IN 21781 1869 12 the the DT 21781 1869 13 fish fish NN 21781 1869 14 as as IN 21781 1869 15 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1869 16 changes change VBZ 21781 1869 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1869 18 depth depth NN 21781 1869 19 in in IN 21781 1869 20 the the DT 21781 1869 21 water water NN 21781 1869 22 , , , 21781 1869 23 just just RB 21781 1869 24 as as IN 21781 1869 25 the the DT 21781 1869 26 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 1869 27 tubes tube NNS 21781 1869 28 equalize equalize VBP 21781 1869 29 the the DT 21781 1869 30 pressure pressure NN 21781 1869 31 on on IN 21781 1869 32 either either DT 21781 1869 33 side side NN 21781 1869 34 of of IN 21781 1869 35 the the DT 21781 1869 36 mammal mammal NN 21781 1869 37 's 's POS 21781 1869 38 tympanic tympanic JJ 21781 1869 39 membrane membrane NN 21781 1869 40 . . . 21781 1870 1 Section section NN 21781 1870 2 17 17 CD 21781 1870 3 . . . 21781 1871 1 The the DT 21781 1871 2 musculature musculature NN 21781 1871 3 of of IN 21781 1871 4 the the DT 21781 1871 5 dog dog NN 21781 1871 6 - - HYPH 21781 1871 7 fish fish NN 21781 1871 8 body body NN 21781 1871 9 is be VBZ 21781 1871 10 cut cut VBN 21781 1871 11 into into IN 21781 1871 12 V v NN 21781 1871 13 - - HYPH 21781 1871 14 shaped shape VBN 21781 1871 15 segments segment NNS 21781 1871 16 , , , 21781 1871 17 the the DT 21781 1871 18 point point NN 21781 1871 19 of of IN 21781 1871 20 the the DT 21781 1871 21 V v NN 21781 1871 22 being be VBG 21781 1871 23 directed direct VBN 21781 1871 24 forward forward RB 21781 1871 25 . . . 21781 1872 1 The the DT 21781 1872 2 segments segment NNS 21781 1872 3 alternate alternate VBP 21781 1872 4 with with IN 21781 1872 5 the the DT 21781 1872 6 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1872 7 , , , 21781 1872 8 and and CC 21781 1872 9 are be VBP 21781 1872 10 called call VBN 21781 1872 11 myomeres myomere NNS 21781 1872 12 . . . 21781 1873 1 Such such PDT 21781 1873 2 a a DT 21781 1873 3 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 1873 4 is be VBZ 21781 1873 5 evident evident JJ 21781 1873 6 , , , 21781 1873 7 though though IN 21781 1873 8 less less RBR 21781 1873 9 marked marked JJ 21781 1873 10 , , , 21781 1873 11 in in IN 21781 1873 12 the the DT 21781 1873 13 body body NN 21781 1873 14 wall wall NN 21781 1873 15 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1873 16 of of IN 21781 1873 17 the the DT 21781 1873 18 frog frog NN 21781 1873 19 , , , 21781 1873 20 and and CC 21781 1873 21 in in IN 21781 1873 22 the the DT 21781 1873 23 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 1873 24 musculature musculature NN 21781 1873 25 of of IN 21781 1873 26 the the DT 21781 1873 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1873 28 and and CC 21781 1873 29 other other JJ 21781 1873 30 mammals mammal NNS 21781 1873 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1873 32 is be VBZ 21781 1873 33 still still RB 21781 1873 34 to to TO 21781 1873 35 be be VB 21781 1873 36 traced trace VBN 21781 1873 37 . . . 21781 1874 1 Section section NN 21781 1874 2 18 18 CD 21781 1874 3 . . . 21781 1875 1 The the DT 21781 1875 2 uro uro JJ 21781 1875 3 - - HYPH 21781 1875 4 genital genital JJ 21781 1875 5 organs organ NNS 21781 1875 6 of of IN 21781 1875 7 the the DT 21781 1875 8 female female JJ 21781 1875 9 dog dog NN 21781 1875 10 - - HYPH 21781 1875 11 fish fish NN 21781 1875 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1875 13 Figure figure NN 21781 1875 14 1 1 CD 21781 1875 15 , , , 21781 1875 16 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1875 17 17 17 CD 21781 1875 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1875 19 consist consist VBP 21781 1875 20 of of IN 21781 1875 21 an an DT 21781 1875 22 unpaired unpaired JJ 21781 1875 23 ovary ovary NN 21781 1875 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1875 25 ov ov RB 21781 1875 26 . . . 21781 1876 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1876 2 , , , 21781 1876 3 paired pair VBN 21781 1876 4 oviducts oviduct NNS 21781 1876 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1876 6 o.d o.d NNP 21781 1876 7 . . . 21781 1877 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1877 2 , , , 21781 1877 3 enlarged enlarge VBD 21781 1877 4 at at IN 21781 1877 5 one one CD 21781 1877 6 point point NN 21781 1877 7 to to TO 21781 1877 8 form form VB 21781 1877 9 an an DT 21781 1877 10 oviducal oviducal JJ 21781 1877 11 gland gland NNP 21781 1877 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1877 13 o.d.g o.d.g NNP 21781 1877 14 . . . 21781 1878 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1878 2 , , , 21781 1878 3 kidneys kidneys NNP 21781 1878 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1878 5 k. k. NNP 21781 1878 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1878 7 , , , 21781 1878 8 with with IN 21781 1878 9 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1878 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1878 11 ur ur NNP 21781 1878 12 . . . 21781 1878 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1879 1 uniting unite VBG 21781 1879 2 to to TO 21781 1879 3 form form VB 21781 1879 4 a a DT 21781 1879 5 urinary urinary JJ 21781 1879 6 sinus sinus NN 21781 1879 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1879 8 u.s u.s NNP 21781 1879 9 . . NNP 21781 1879 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1879 11 opening open VBG 21781 1879 12 into into IN 21781 1879 13 the the DT 21781 1879 14 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1879 15 by by IN 21781 1879 16 a a DT 21781 1879 17 median median JJ 21781 1879 18 urinary urinary NNP 21781 1879 19 papilla papilla NN 21781 1879 20 separate separate JJ 21781 1879 21 from from IN 21781 1879 22 the the DT 21781 1879 23 oviducal oviducal JJ 21781 1879 24 openings opening NNS 21781 1879 25 . . . 21781 1880 1 The the DT 21781 1880 2 eggs egg NNS 21781 1880 3 contain contain VBP 21781 1880 4 much much JJ 21781 1880 5 yolk yolk NN 21781 1880 6 , , , 21781 1880 7 and and CC 21781 1880 8 , , , 21781 1880 9 like like IN 21781 1880 10 those those DT 21781 1880 11 of of IN 21781 1880 12 the the DT 21781 1880 13 fowl fowl NN 21781 1880 14 , , , 21781 1880 15 are be VBP 21781 1880 16 very very RB 21781 1880 17 large large JJ 21781 1880 18 ; ; : 21781 1880 19 like like IN 21781 1880 20 the the DT 21781 1880 21 fowl fowl NN 21781 1880 22 , , , 21781 1880 23 too too RB 21781 1880 24 , , , 21781 1880 25 one one CD 21781 1880 26 of of IN 21781 1880 27 the the DT 21781 1880 28 ovaries ovary NNS 21781 1880 29 is be VBZ 21781 1880 30 suppressed suppress VBN 21781 1880 31 , , , 21781 1880 32 and and CC 21781 1880 33 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1880 34 is be VBZ 21781 1880 35 the the DT 21781 1880 36 right right JJ 21781 1880 37 ovary ovary NN 21781 1880 38 that that WDT 21781 1880 39 alone alone RB 21781 1880 40 remains remain VBZ 21781 1880 41 . . . 21781 1881 1 The the DT 21781 1881 2 two two CD 21781 1881 3 oviducts oviduct NNS 21781 1881 4 meet meet VBP 21781 1881 5 in in IN 21781 1881 6 front front NN 21781 1881 7 of of IN 21781 1881 8 the the DT 21781 1881 9 liver liver NN 21781 1881 10 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1881 11 to to IN 21781 1881 12 the the DT 21781 1881 13 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1881 14 , , , 21781 1881 15 and and CC 21781 1881 16 have have VBP 21781 1881 17 there there EX 21781 1881 18 a a DT 21781 1881 19 common common JJ 21781 1881 20 opening opening NN 21781 1881 21 by by IN 21781 1881 22 which which WDT 21781 1881 23 the the DT 21781 1881 24 ova ova NNP 21781 1881 25 are be VBP 21781 1881 26 received receive VBN 21781 1881 27 after after IN 21781 1881 28 being be VBG 21781 1881 29 shed shed VBN 21781 1881 30 into into IN 21781 1881 31 the the DT 21781 1881 32 body body NN 21781 1881 33 cavity cavity NN 21781 1881 34 . . . 21781 1882 1 The the DT 21781 1882 2 eggs egg NNS 21781 1882 3 receive receive VBP 21781 1882 4 an an DT 21781 1882 5 oblong oblong JJ 21781 1882 6 horny horny NN 21781 1882 7 case case NN 21781 1882 8 in in IN 21781 1882 9 the the DT 21781 1882 10 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 1882 11 ; ; : 21781 1882 12 in in IN 21781 1882 13 the the DT 21781 1882 14 figure figure NN 21781 1882 15 such such PDT 21781 1882 16 a a DT 21781 1882 17 case case NN 21781 1882 18 is be VBZ 21781 1882 19 figured figure VBN 21781 1882 20 as as IN 21781 1882 21 distending distend VBG 21781 1882 22 the the DT 21781 1882 23 duct duct NN 21781 1882 24 at at IN 21781 1882 25 e. e. NNP 21781 1882 26 The the DT 21781 1882 27 testes testis NNS 21781 1882 28 of of IN 21781 1882 29 the the DT 21781 1882 30 male male NN 21781 1882 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1882 32 T. t. NN 21781 1882 33 in in IN 21781 1882 34 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1882 35 2 2 CD 21781 1882 36 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1882 37 are be VBP 21781 1882 38 partially partially RB 21781 1882 39 confluent confluent JJ 21781 1882 40 in in IN 21781 1882 41 the the DT 21781 1882 42 middle middle JJ 21781 1882 43 line line NN 21781 1882 44 . . . 21781 1883 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 1883 2 communicate communicate VBP 21781 1883 3 through through IN 21781 1883 4 vasa vasa NNP 21781 1883 5 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 1883 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1883 7 v.e v.e NNP 21781 1883 8 . . NNP 21781 1883 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1884 1 with with IN 21781 1884 2 the the DT 21781 1884 3 modified modify VBN 21781 1884 4 anterior anterior NNP 21781 1884 5 part part NN 21781 1884 6 of of IN 21781 1884 7 the the DT 21781 1884 8 kidney kidney NN 21781 1884 9 , , , 21781 1884 10 the the DT 21781 1884 11 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 1884 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1884 13 ep ep NNP 21781 1884 14 . . . 21781 1885 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1885 2 , , , 21781 1885 3 from from IN 21781 1885 4 which which WDT 21781 1885 5 the the DT 21781 1885 6 vas vas NNP 21781 1885 7 deferens deferens NNP 21781 1885 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1885 9 v. v. NNP 21781 1885 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1885 11 runs run VBZ 21781 1885 12 to to IN 21781 1885 13 the the DT 21781 1885 14 median median NNP 21781 1885 15 uro uro NNP 21781 1885 16 - - HYPH 21781 1885 17 genital genital NNP 21781 1885 18 sinus sinus NN 21781 1885 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1885 20 u.g.s u.g.s NNP 21781 1885 21 . . . 21781 1886 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1886 2 , , , 21781 1886 3 into into IN 21781 1886 4 which which WDT 21781 1886 5 the the DT 21781 1886 6 ureters ureter NNS 21781 1886 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1886 8 ur ur NNP 21781 1886 9 . . . 21781 1886 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1887 1 also also RB 21781 1887 2 open open JJ 21781 1887 3 . . . 21781 1888 1 The the DT 21781 1888 2 silvery silvery JJ 21781 1888 3 peritoneum peritoneum NN 21781 1888 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1888 5 lining lining NN 21781 1888 6 of of IN 21781 1888 7 the the DT 21781 1888 8 body body NN 21781 1888 9 cavity cavity NN 21781 1888 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1888 11 covers cover VBZ 21781 1888 12 over over IN 21781 1888 13 the the DT 21781 1888 14 reddish reddish JJ 21781 1888 15 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 1888 16 , , , 21781 1888 17 and and CC 21781 1888 18 hides hide VBZ 21781 1888 19 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1888 20 in in IN 21781 1888 21 dissection dissection NN 21781 1888 22 . . . 21781 1889 1 Section section NN 21781 1889 2 19 19 CD 21781 1889 3 . . . 21781 1890 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1890 2 3 3 CD 21781 1890 3 , , , 21781 1890 4 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 1890 5 17 17 CD 21781 1890 6 , , , 21781 1890 7 is be VBZ 21781 1890 8 a a DT 21781 1890 9 generalized generalize VBN 21781 1890 10 diagram diagram NN 21781 1890 11 of of IN 21781 1890 12 the the DT 21781 1890 13 uro uro NNP 21781 1890 14 - - HYPH 21781 1890 15 genital genital JJ 21781 1890 16 organs organ NNS 21781 1890 17 in in IN 21781 1890 18 the the DT 21781 1890 19 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1890 20 ; ; : 21781 1890 21 M.L. M.L. NNP 21781 1891 1 is be VBZ 21781 1891 2 the the DT 21781 1891 3 middle middle JJ 21781 1891 4 line line NN 21781 1891 5 of of IN 21781 1891 6 the the DT 21781 1891 7 body body NN 21781 1891 8 , , , 21781 1891 9 G. G. NNP 21781 1891 10 is be VBZ 21781 1891 11 the the DT 21781 1891 12 genital genital JJ 21781 1891 13 organ organ NN 21781 1891 14 , , , 21781 1891 15 Pr pr NN 21781 1891 16 . . . 21781 1892 1 is be VBZ 21781 1892 2 the the DT 21781 1892 3 pronephros pronephro NNS 21781 1892 4 , , , 21781 1892 5 or or CC 21781 1892 6 fore fore NN 21781 1892 7 kidney kidney NN 21781 1892 8 , , , 21781 1892 9 a a DT 21781 1892 10 structure structure NN 21781 1892 11 which which WDT 21781 1892 12 is be VBZ 21781 1892 13 never never RB 21781 1892 14 developed develop VBN 21781 1892 15 in in IN 21781 1892 16 the the DT 21781 1892 17 dog dog NN 21781 1892 18 - - HYPH 21781 1892 19 fish fish NN 21781 1892 20 , , , 21781 1892 21 but but CC 21781 1892 22 which which WDT 21781 1892 23 has have VBZ 21781 1892 24 functional functional JJ 21781 1892 25 importance importance NN 21781 1892 26 in in IN 21781 1892 27 the the DT 21781 1892 28 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 1892 29 and and CC 21781 1892 30 cod cod NN 21781 1892 31 , , , 21781 1892 32 and and CC 21781 1892 33 appears appear VBZ 21781 1892 34 as as IN 21781 1892 35 a a DT 21781 1892 36 transitory transitory JJ 21781 1892 37 rudiment rudiment NN 21781 1892 38 in in IN 21781 1892 39 the the DT 21781 1892 40 chick chick NNP 21781 1892 41 . . . 21781 1893 1 A a DT 21781 1893 2 duct duct NN 21781 1893 3 , , , 21781 1893 4 which which WDT 21781 1893 5 is be VBZ 21781 1893 6 often often RB 21781 1893 7 spoken speak VBN 21781 1893 8 of of IN 21781 1893 9 as as IN 21781 1893 10 the the DT 21781 1893 11 pronephric pronephric NN 21781 1893 12 duct duct NN 21781 1893 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1893 14 p.d p.d NNP 21781 1893 15 . . . 21781 1894 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1894 2 , , , 21781 1894 3 and and CC 21781 1894 4 which which WDT 21781 1894 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1894 6 have have VBP 21781 1894 7 figured figure VBN 21781 1894 8 under under IN 21781 1894 9 that that DT 21781 1894 10 name name NN 21781 1894 11 , , , 21781 1894 12 is be VBZ 21781 1894 13 always always RB 21781 1894 14 developed develop VBN 21781 1894 15 . . . 21781 1895 1 Anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 1895 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1895 3 opens open VBZ 21781 1895 4 into into IN 21781 1895 5 the the DT 21781 1895 6 body body NN 21781 1895 7 cavity cavity NN 21781 1895 8 . . . 21781 1896 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 1896 2 is be VBZ 21781 1896 3 also also RB 21781 1896 4 called call VBN 21781 1896 5 the the DT 21781 1896 6 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 1896 7 duct duct NN 21781 1896 8 , , , 21781 1896 9 and and CC 21781 1896 10 in in IN 21781 1896 11 the the DT 21781 1896 12 great great JJ 21781 1896 13 majority majority NN 21781 1896 14 of of IN 21781 1896 15 vertebrata vertebrata NNP 21781 1896 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1896 17 becomes become VBZ 21781 1896 18 the the DT 21781 1896 19 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 1896 20 , , , 21781 1896 21 uniting unite VBG 21781 1896 22 with with IN 21781 1896 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1896 24 fellow fellow NN 21781 1896 25 , , , 21781 1896 26 in in IN 21781 1896 27 the the DT 21781 1896 28 case case NN 21781 1896 29 of of IN 21781 1896 30 the the DT 21781 1896 31 dog dog NN 21781 1896 32 - - HYPH 21781 1896 33 fish fish NN 21781 1896 34 , , , 21781 1896 35 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1896 36 to to IN 21781 1896 37 the the DT 21781 1896 38 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1896 39 . . . 21781 1897 1 In in IN 21781 1897 2 the the DT 21781 1897 3 male male NN 21781 1897 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1897 5 usually usually RB 21781 1897 6 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 1897 7 ; ; : 21781 1897 8 the the DT 21781 1897 9 uterus uterus JJ 21781 1897 10 masculinus masculinus NN 21781 1897 11 of of IN 21781 1897 12 the the DT 21781 1897 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1897 14 is be VBZ 21781 1897 15 still still RB 21781 1897 16 very very RB 21781 1897 17 generally generally RB 21781 1897 18 regarded regard VBN 21781 1897 19 as as IN 21781 1897 20 a a DT 21781 1897 21 vestige vestige NN 21781 1897 22 of of IN 21781 1897 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1897 24 . . . 21781 1898 1 Kolliker Kolliker NNP 21781 1898 2 has have VBZ 21781 1898 3 shown show VBN 21781 1898 4 , , , 21781 1898 5 however however RB 21781 1898 6 , , , 21781 1898 7 that that IN 21781 1898 8 this this DT 21781 1898 9 interpretation interpretation NN 21781 1898 10 is be VBZ 21781 1898 11 improbable improbable JJ 21781 1898 12 . . . 21781 1899 1 Ms. Ms. NNP 21781 1899 2 is be VBZ 21781 1899 3 the the DT 21781 1899 4 mesonephros mesonephro NNS 21781 1899 5 , , , 21781 1899 6 some some DT 21781 1899 7 or or CC 21781 1899 8 all all DT 21781 1899 9 of of IN 21781 1899 10 which which WDT 21781 1899 11 becomes become VBZ 21781 1899 12 the the DT 21781 1899 13 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 1899 14 in in IN 21781 1899 15 the the DT 21781 1899 16 male male NN 21781 1899 17 of of IN 21781 1899 18 types type NNS 21781 1899 19 possessing possess VBG 21781 1899 20 that that DT 21781 1899 21 organ organ NN 21781 1899 22 , , , 21781 1899 23 and and CC 21781 1899 24 is be VBZ 21781 1899 25 connected connect VBN 21781 1899 26 with with IN 21781 1899 27 G. G. NNP 21781 1899 28 by by IN 21781 1899 29 the the DT 21781 1899 30 vasa vasa NNP 21781 1899 31 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 1899 32 . . . 21781 1900 1 Mt. Mount NNP 21781 1900 2 , , , 21781 1900 3 the the DT 21781 1900 4 metanephros metanephros NNP 21781 1900 5 , , , 21781 1900 6 is be VBZ 21781 1900 7 , , , 21781 1900 8 in in IN 21781 1900 9 -actual -actual JJ 21781 1900 10 fact- fact- JJ 21781 1900 11 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1900 12 the the DT 21781 1900 13 frog frog NN 21781 1900 14 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1900 15 , , , 21781 1900 16 indistinguishably indistinguishably RB 21781 1900 17 continuous continuous JJ 21781 1900 18 with with IN 21781 1900 19 Ms. Ms. NNP 21781 1900 20 , , , 21781 1900 21 and and CC 21781 1900 22 is be VBZ 21781 1900 23 the the DT 21781 1900 24 functional functional JJ 21781 1900 25 kidney kidney NN 21781 1900 26 , , , 21781 1900 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1900 28 duct duct NN 21781 1900 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1900 30 metanephric metanephric JJ 21781 1900 31 duct duct NN 21781 1900 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1900 33 being be VBG 21781 1900 34 either either CC 21781 1900 35 undifferentiated undifferentiate VBN 21781 1900 36 from from IN 21781 1900 37 the the DT 21781 1900 38 mesonephric mesonephric NN 21781 1900 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1900 40 as as IN 21781 1900 41 is be VBZ 21781 1900 42 the the DT 21781 1900 43 case case NN 21781 1900 44 with with IN 21781 1900 45 the the DT 21781 1900 46 frog frog NN 21781 1900 47 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1900 48 or or CC 21781 1900 49 largely largely RB 21781 1900 50 split split VB 21781 1900 51 off off RP 21781 1900 52 from from IN 21781 1900 53 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1900 54 , , , 21781 1900 55 as as IN 21781 1900 56 in in IN 21781 1900 57 the the DT 21781 1900 58 dog dog NN 21781 1900 59 - - HYPH 21781 1900 60 fish fish NN 21781 1900 61 , , , 21781 1900 62 to to TO 21781 1900 63 form form VB 21781 1900 64 the the DT 21781 1900 65 ureter ureter NN 21781 1900 66 . . . 21781 1901 1 Section section NN 21781 1901 2 20 20 CD 21781 1901 3 . . . 21781 1902 1 The the DT 21781 1902 2 correspondence correspondence NN 21781 1902 3 of of IN 21781 1902 4 the the DT 21781 1902 5 male male JJ 21781 1902 6 organs organ NNS 21781 1902 7 of of IN 21781 1902 8 the the DT 21781 1902 9 dog dog NN 21781 1902 10 - - HYPH 21781 1902 11 fish fish NN 21781 1902 12 with with IN 21781 1902 13 those those DT 21781 1902 14 of of IN 21781 1902 15 the the DT 21781 1902 16 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1902 17 , , , 21781 1902 18 will will MD 21781 1902 19 be be VB 21781 1902 20 more more RBR 21781 1902 21 evident evident JJ 21781 1902 22 if if IN 21781 1902 23 the the DT 21781 1902 24 student student NN 21781 1902 25 imagine-- imagine-- NN 21781 1902 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1902 27 a a LS 21781 1902 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1902 29 the the DT 21781 1902 30 testes testes NNPS 21781 1902 31 , , , 21781 1902 32 vasa vasa NNP 21781 1902 33 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 1902 34 , , , 21781 1902 35 and and CC 21781 1902 36 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 1902 37 of of IN 21781 1902 38 each each DT 21781 1902 39 side side NN 21781 1902 40 to to TO 21781 1902 41 shift shift VB 21781 1902 42 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1902 43 until until IN 21781 1902 44 they -PRON- PRP 21781 1902 45 reach reach VBP 21781 1902 46 a a DT 21781 1902 47 position position NN 21781 1902 48 on on IN 21781 1902 49 either either DT 21781 1902 50 side side NN 21781 1902 51 of of IN 21781 1902 52 the the DT 21781 1902 53 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1902 54 ; ; , 21781 1902 55 and and CC 21781 1902 56 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1902 57 b b LS 21781 1902 58 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1902 59 The the DT 21781 1902 60 uro uro NN 21781 1902 61 - - HYPH 21781 1902 62 genital genital JJ 21781 1902 63 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1902 64 , , , 21781 1902 65 instead instead RB 21781 1902 66 of of IN 21781 1902 67 meeting meet VBG 21781 1902 68 dorsally dorsally RB 21781 1902 69 and and CC 21781 1902 70 posteriorly posteriorly RB 21781 1902 71 to to IN 21781 1902 72 the the DT 21781 1902 73 anus anus NN 21781 1902 74 , , , 21781 1902 75 to to TO 21781 1902 76 shift shift VB 21781 1902 77 round round RB 21781 1902 78 that that IN 21781 1902 79 opening opening NN 21781 1902 80 and and CC 21781 1902 81 meet meet VB 21781 1902 82 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 1902 83 and and CC 21781 1902 84 ventrically ventrically RB 21781 1902 85 to to IN 21781 1902 86 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1902 87 . . . 21781 1903 1 Section section NN 21781 1903 2 21 21 CD 21781 1903 3 . . . 21781 1904 1 This this DT 21781 1904 2 completes complete VBZ 21781 1904 3 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1904 4 survey survey NN 21781 1904 5 of of IN 21781 1904 6 this this DT 21781 1904 7 type type NN 21781 1904 8 . . . 21781 1905 1 Except except IN 21781 1905 2 where where WRB 21781 1905 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1905 4 have have VBP 21781 1905 5 specified specify VBN 21781 1905 6 differences difference NNS 21781 1905 7 , , , 21781 1905 8 the the DT 21781 1905 9 general general JJ 21781 1905 10 plan plan NN 21781 1905 11 of of IN 21781 1905 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1905 13 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1905 14 follows follow VBZ 21781 1905 15 the the DT 21781 1905 16 lines line NNS 21781 1905 17 of of IN 21781 1905 18 the the DT 21781 1905 19 other other JJ 21781 1905 20 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1905 21 types type NNS 21781 1905 22 described describe VBN 21781 1905 23 . . . 21781 1906 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1906 2 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 1906 3 on on IN 21781 1906 4 the the DT 21781 1906 5 Dog Dog NNP 21781 1906 6 - - HYPH 21781 1906 7 Fish Fish NNP 21781 1906 8 _ _ NNP 21781 1906 9 1 1 CD 21781 1906 10 . . . 21781 1907 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1907 2 the the DT 21781 1907 3 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1907 4 canal canal NN 21781 1907 5 of of IN 21781 1907 6 the the DT 21781 1907 7 dog dog NN 21781 1907 8 - - HYPH 21781 1907 9 fish fish NN 21781 1907 10 , , , 21781 1907 11 and and CC 21781 1907 12 compare compare VB 21781 1907 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1907 14 with with IN 21781 1907 15 that that DT 21781 1907 16 of of IN 21781 1907 17 the the DT 21781 1907 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1907 19 in in IN 21781 1907 20 detail detail NN 21781 1907 21 . . . 21781 1908 1 2 2 LS 21781 1908 2 . . . 21781 1909 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1909 2 the the DT 21781 1909 3 coelom coelom NN 21781 1909 4 of of IN 21781 1909 5 the the DT 21781 1909 6 dog dog NN 21781 1909 7 - - HYPH 21781 1909 8 fish fish NN 21781 1909 9 and and CC 21781 1909 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1909 11 . . . 21781 1910 1 3 3 LS 21781 1910 2 . . . 21781 1911 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1911 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1911 3 to to TO 21781 1911 4 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 1911 5 the the DT 21781 1911 6 course course NN 21781 1911 7 of of IN 21781 1911 8 the the DT 21781 1911 9 circulation circulation NN 21781 1911 10 in in IN 21781 1911 11 the the DT 21781 1911 12 dog dog NN 21781 1911 13 - - HYPH 21781 1911 14 fish fish NN 21781 1911 15 . . . 21781 1912 1 4 4 LS 21781 1912 2 . . . 21781 1913 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1913 2 a a LS 21781 1913 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1913 4 Describe describe VB 21781 1913 5 fully fully RB 21781 1913 6 the the DT 21781 1913 7 heart heart NN 21781 1913 8 of of IN 21781 1913 9 a a DT 21781 1913 10 dog dog NN 21781 1913 11 - - HYPH 21781 1913 12 fish fish NN 21781 1913 13 . . . 21781 1914 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1914 2 b b LS 21781 1914 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1914 4 Compare compare VB 21781 1914 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1914 6 with with IN 21781 1914 7 that that DT 21781 1914 8 of of IN 21781 1914 9 a a DT 21781 1914 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1914 11 . . . 21781 1915 1 5 5 CD 21781 1915 2 . . . 21781 1916 1 Give give VB 21781 1916 2 an an DT 21781 1916 3 account account NN 21781 1916 4 of of IN 21781 1916 5 the the DT 21781 1916 6 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 1916 7 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1916 8 of of IN 21781 1916 9 the the DT 21781 1916 10 dog dog NN 21781 1916 11 - - HYPH 21781 1916 12 fish fish NN 21781 1916 13 . . . 21781 1917 1 6 6 CD 21781 1917 2 . . . 21781 1918 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1918 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1918 3 of of IN 21781 1918 4 a a DT 21781 1918 5 dog dog NN 21781 1918 6 - - HYPH 21781 1918 7 fish fish NN 21781 1918 8 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 1918 9 , , , 21781 1918 10 and and CC 21781 1918 11 compare compare VB 21781 1918 12 the the DT 21781 1918 13 centrum centrum NN 21781 1918 14 with with IN 21781 1918 15 that that DT 21781 1918 16 of of IN 21781 1918 17 a a DT 21781 1918 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1918 19 . . . 21781 1919 1 7 7 LS 21781 1919 2 . . . 21781 1920 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1920 2 the the DT 21781 1920 3 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1920 4 column column NN 21781 1920 5 of of IN 21781 1920 6 the the DT 21781 1920 7 dog dog NN 21781 1920 8 - - HYPH 21781 1920 9 fish fish NN 21781 1920 10 and and CC 21781 1920 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1920 12 . . . 21781 1921 1 8 8 LS 21781 1921 2 . . . 21781 1922 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1922 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1922 3 of of IN 21781 1922 4 the the DT 21781 1922 5 limbs limb NNS 21781 1922 6 and and CC 21781 1922 7 limb limb NN 21781 1922 8 - - HYPH 21781 1922 9 girdles girdle NNS 21781 1922 10 of of IN 21781 1922 11 the the DT 21781 1922 12 dog dog NN 21781 1922 13 - - HYPH 21781 1922 14 fish fish NN 21781 1922 15 . . . 21781 1923 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1923 2 the the DT 21781 1923 3 pectoral pectoral NN 21781 1923 4 with with IN 21781 1923 5 the the DT 21781 1923 6 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 1923 7 fin fin NN 21781 1923 8 . . . 21781 1924 1 9 9 CD 21781 1924 2 . . . 21781 1925 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1925 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 1925 3 of of IN 21781 1925 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1925 5 a a LS 21781 1925 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1925 7 the the DT 21781 1925 8 male male NN 21781 1925 9 and and CC 21781 1925 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1925 11 b b LS 21781 1925 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1925 13 the the DT 21781 1925 14 female female JJ 21781 1925 15 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 1925 16 organs organ NNS 21781 1925 17 of of IN 21781 1925 18 the the DT 21781 1925 19 dog dog NN 21781 1925 20 - - HYPH 21781 1925 21 fish fish NN 21781 1925 22 . . . 21781 1926 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1926 2 c c NN 21781 1926 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1926 4 Compare compare VB 21781 1926 5 them -PRON- PRP 21781 1926 6 carefully carefully RB 21781 1926 7 with with IN 21781 1926 8 those those DT 21781 1926 9 of of IN 21781 1926 10 the the DT 21781 1926 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1926 12 . . . 21781 1927 1 10 10 CD 21781 1927 2 . . . 21781 1928 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1928 2 the the DT 21781 1928 3 circulation circulation NN 21781 1928 4 in in IN 21781 1928 5 the the DT 21781 1928 6 kidney kidney NN 21781 1928 7 of of IN 21781 1928 8 dog dog NN 21781 1928 9 - - HYPH 21781 1928 10 fish fish NN 21781 1928 11 and and CC 21781 1928 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1928 13 . . . 21781 1929 1 11 11 CD 21781 1929 2 . . . 21781 1930 1 Give give VB 21781 1930 2 an an DT 21781 1930 3 account account NN 21781 1930 4 of of IN 21781 1930 5 the the DT 21781 1930 6 cranio cranio NN 21781 1930 7 - - HYPH 21781 1930 8 facial facial JJ 21781 1930 9 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 1930 10 of of IN 21781 1930 11 the the DT 21781 1930 12 dog dog NN 21781 1930 13 - - HYPH 21781 1930 14 fish fish NN 21781 1930 15 . . . 21781 1931 1 State state NN 21781 1931 2 clearly clearly RB 21781 1931 3 what what WDT 21781 1931 4 representation representation NN 21781 1931 5 of of IN 21781 1931 6 this this DT 21781 1931 7 occurs occur VBZ 21781 1931 8 in in IN 21781 1931 9 the the DT 21781 1931 10 frog frog NN 21781 1931 11 and and CC 21781 1931 12 in in IN 21781 1931 13 the the DT 21781 1931 14 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1931 15 . . . 21781 1932 1 12 12 CD 21781 1932 2 . . . 21781 1933 1 Give give VB 21781 1933 2 drawing draw VBG 21781 1933 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1933 4 a a LS 21781 1933 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1933 6 from from IN 21781 1933 7 above above RB 21781 1933 8 , , , 21781 1933 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1933 10 b b LS 21781 1933 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1933 12 from from IN 21781 1933 13 the the DT 21781 1933 14 side side NN 21781 1933 15 , , , 21781 1933 16 of of IN 21781 1933 17 the the DT 21781 1933 18 dog dog NN 21781 1933 19 - - HYPH 21781 1933 20 fish fish NN 21781 1933 21 brain brain NN 21781 1933 22 . . . 21781 1934 1 13 13 CD 21781 1934 2 . . . 21781 1935 1 State state NN 21781 1935 2 the the DT 21781 1935 3 origin origin NN 21781 1935 4 and and CC 21781 1935 5 the the DT 21781 1935 6 distribution distribution NN 21781 1935 7 of of IN 21781 1935 8 the the DT 21781 1935 9 fifth fifth JJ 21781 1935 10 , , , 21781 1935 11 seventh seventh JJ 21781 1935 12 , , , 21781 1935 13 ninth ninth JJ 21781 1935 14 , , , 21781 1935 15 and and CC 21781 1935 16 tenth tenth JJ 21781 1935 17 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1935 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1935 19 in in IN 21781 1935 20 the the DT 21781 1935 21 dog dog NN 21781 1935 22 - - HYPH 21781 1935 23 fish fish NN 21781 1935 24 . . . 21781 1936 1 14 14 CD 21781 1936 2 . . . 21781 1937 1 Compare compare VB 21781 1937 2 , , , 21781 1937 3 one one CD 21781 1937 4 by by IN 21781 1937 5 one one CD 21781 1937 6 , , , 21781 1937 7 the the DT 21781 1937 8 cranial cranial JJ 21781 1937 9 nerves nerve NNS 21781 1937 10 of of IN 21781 1937 11 the the DT 21781 1937 12 dog dog NN 21781 1937 13 - - HYPH 21781 1937 14 fish fish NN 21781 1937 15 with with IN 21781 1937 16 those those DT 21781 1937 17 of of IN 21781 1937 18 any any DT 21781 1937 19 higher high JJR 21781 1937 20 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1937 21 , , , 21781 1937 22 as as IN 21781 1937 23 regards regard VBZ 21781 1937 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1937 25 origin origin NN 21781 1937 26 and and CC 21781 1937 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1937 28 distribution distribution NN 21781 1937 29 . . . 21781 1938 1 15 15 CD 21781 1938 2 . . . 21781 1939 1 Describe describe VB 21781 1939 2 the the DT 21781 1939 3 auditory auditory JJ 21781 1939 4 organ organ NN 21781 1939 5 of of IN 21781 1939 6 the the DT 21781 1939 7 dog dog NN 21781 1939 8 - - HYPH 21781 1939 9 fish fish NN 21781 1939 10 . . . 21781 1940 1 What what WDT 21781 1940 2 parts part NNS 21781 1940 3 are be VBP 21781 1940 4 added add VBN 21781 1940 5 to to IN 21781 1940 6 this this DT 21781 1940 7 in in IN 21781 1940 8 the the DT 21781 1940 9 higher high JJR 21781 1940 10 type type NN 21781 1940 11 ? ? . 21781 1941 1 16 16 CD 21781 1941 2 . . . 21781 1942 1 Draw draw VB 21781 1942 2 the the DT 21781 1942 3 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 1942 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1942 5 a a DT 21781 1942 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1942 7 of of IN 21781 1942 8 a a DT 21781 1942 9 male male NN 21781 1942 10 , , , 21781 1942 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1942 12 b b LS 21781 1942 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1942 14 a a DT 21781 1942 15 female female JJ 21781 1942 16 dog dog NN 21781 1942 17 - - HYPH 21781 1942 18 fish fish NN 21781 1942 19 . . . 21781 1943 1 17 17 CD 21781 1943 2 . . . 21781 1944 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1944 2 Practical Practical NNP 21781 1944 3 . . . 21781 1944 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1945 1 Demonstrate demonstrate VB 21781 1945 2 in in IN 21781 1945 3 a a DT 21781 1945 4 dog dog NN 21781 1945 5 - - HYPH 21781 1945 6 fish fish NN 21781 1945 7 the the DT 21781 1945 8 pathetic pathetic JJ 21781 1945 9 nerve nerve NN 21781 1945 10 , , , 21781 1945 11 the the DT 21781 1945 12 opening opening NN 21781 1945 13 between between IN 21781 1945 14 pericardium pericardium NN 21781 1945 15 and and CC 21781 1945 16 coelom coelom NN 21781 1945 17 . . . 21781 1946 1 the the DT 21781 1946 2 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 1946 3 pores pore NNS 21781 1946 4 , , , 21781 1946 5 and and CC 21781 1946 6 the the DT 21781 1946 7 ureter ureter NN 21781 1946 8 . . . 21781 1947 1 -Amphioxus -Amphioxus NNP 21781 1947 2 _ _ NNP 21781 1947 3 1 1 CD 21781 1947 4 . . . 21781 1948 1 _ _ NNP 21781 1948 2 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 1948 3 _ _ NNP 21781 1948 4 Section Section NNP 21781 1948 5 1 1 CD 21781 1948 6 . . . 21781 1949 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1949 2 find find VBP 21781 1949 3 in in IN 21781 1949 4 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 1949 5 the the DT 21781 1949 6 essential essential JJ 21781 1949 7 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1949 8 features feature NNS 21781 1949 9 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1949 10 to to IN 21781 1949 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1949 12 simplest simple JJS 21781 1949 13 expression expression NN 21781 1949 14 and and CC 21781 1949 15 , , , 21781 1949 16 in in IN 21781 1949 17 addition addition NN 21781 1949 18 , , , 21781 1949 19 somewhat somewhat RB 21781 1949 20 distorted distorted JJ 21781 1949 21 . . . 21781 1950 1 There there EX 21781 1950 2 are be VBP 21781 1950 3 wide wide JJ 21781 1950 4 differences difference NNS 21781 1950 5 from from IN 21781 1950 6 that that DT 21781 1950 7 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1950 8 plan plan NN 21781 1950 9 with with IN 21781 1950 10 which which WDT 21781 1950 11 the the DT 21781 1950 12 reader reader NN 21781 1950 13 may may MD 21781 1950 14 now now RB 21781 1950 15 be be VB 21781 1950 16 considered consider VBN 21781 1950 17 familiar familiar JJ 21781 1950 18 . . . 21781 1951 1 There there EX 21781 1951 2 are be VBP 21781 1951 3 no no DT 21781 1951 4 limbs limb NNS 21781 1951 5 . . . 21781 1952 1 There there EX 21781 1952 2 is be VBZ 21781 1952 3 an an DT 21781 1952 4 unbroken unbroken JJ 21781 1952 5 fin fin NN 21781 1952 6 along along IN 21781 1952 7 the the DT 21781 1952 8 median median JJ 21781 1952 9 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1952 10 line line NN 21781 1952 11 and and CC 21781 1952 12 coming come VBG 21781 1952 13 round round RB 21781 1952 14 along along IN 21781 1952 15 the the DT 21781 1952 16 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1952 17 middle middle JJ 21781 1952 18 line line NN 21781 1952 19 for for IN 21781 1952 20 about about IN 21781 1952 21 half half PDT 21781 1952 22 the the DT 21781 1952 23 animal animal NN 21781 1952 24 's 's POS 21781 1952 25 length length NN 21781 1952 26 . . . 21781 1953 1 But but CC 21781 1953 2 two two CD 21781 1953 3 lowly lowly JJ 21781 1953 4 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 21781 1953 5 , , , 21781 1953 6 the the DT 21781 1953 7 hag hag NN 21781 1953 8 - - HYPH 21781 1953 9 fish fish NNP 21781 1953 10 and and CC 21781 1953 11 lamprey lamprey NNP 21781 1953 12 , , , 21781 1953 13 have have VBP 21781 1953 14 no no DT 21781 1953 15 limbs limb NNS 21781 1953 16 and and CC 21781 1953 17 a a DT 21781 1953 18 continuous continuous JJ 21781 1953 19 fin fin NN 21781 1953 20 . . . 21781 1954 1 There there EX 21781 1954 2 is be VBZ 21781 1954 3 , , , 21781 1954 4 as as IN 21781 1954 5 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1954 6 shall shall MD 21781 1954 7 see see VB 21781 1954 8 more more RBR 21781 1954 9 clearly clearly RB 21781 1954 10 , , , 21781 1954 11 a a DT 21781 1954 12 structure structure NN 21781 1954 13 , , , 21781 1954 14 the the DT 21781 1954 15 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 1954 16 atrium atrium NN 21781 1954 17 , , , 21781 1954 18 not not RB 21781 1954 19 apparently apparently RB 21781 1954 20 represented represent VBN 21781 1954 21 in in IN 21781 1954 22 the the DT 21781 1954 23 true true JJ 21781 1954 24 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1954 25 types type NNS 21781 1954 26 , , , 21781 1954 27 at at IN 21781 1954 28 least least JJS 21781 1954 29 in in IN 21781 1954 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1954 31 adult adult NN 21781 1954 32 stages stage NNS 21781 1954 33 . . . 21781 1955 1 There there EX 21781 1955 2 is be VBZ 21781 1955 3 no no DT 21781 1955 4 distinct distinct JJ 21781 1955 5 heart heart NN 21781 1955 6 , , , 21781 1955 7 only only RB 21781 1955 8 a a DT 21781 1955 9 debateable debateable JJ 21781 1955 10 brain brain NN 21781 1955 11 , , , 21781 1955 12 quite quite RB 21781 1955 13 without without IN 21781 1955 14 the the DT 21781 1955 15 typical typical JJ 21781 1955 16 division division NN 21781 1955 17 into into IN 21781 1955 18 three three CD 21781 1955 19 primary primary JJ 21781 1955 20 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 1955 21 , , , 21781 1955 22 no no DT 21781 1955 23 skull skull NN 21781 1955 24 , , , 21781 1955 25 no no DT 21781 1955 26 structures structure NNS 21781 1955 27 whatever whatever WDT 21781 1955 28 of of IN 21781 1955 29 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 1955 30 or or CC 21781 1955 31 bone bone NN 21781 1955 32 , , , 21781 1955 33 no no DT 21781 1955 34 genital genital JJ 21781 1955 35 ducts duct NNS 21781 1955 36 , , , 21781 1955 37 no no DT 21781 1955 38 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 1955 39 at at RB 21781 1955 40 all all RB 21781 1955 41 resembling resemble VBG 21781 1955 42 those those DT 21781 1955 43 of of IN 21781 1955 44 the the DT 21781 1955 45 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1955 46 , , , 21781 1955 47 no no DT 21781 1955 48 pancreas pancreas NN 21781 1955 49 , , , 21781 1955 50 no no DT 21781 1955 51 spleen spleen NN 21781 1955 52 ; ; : 21781 1955 53 apparently apparently RB 21781 1955 54 no no DT 21781 1955 55 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 1955 56 chain chain NN 21781 1955 57 , , , 21781 1955 58 no no DT 21781 1955 59 paired pair VBN 21781 1955 60 sense sense NN 21781 1955 61 organs organ NNS 21781 1955 62 , , , 21781 1955 63 eyes eye NNS 21781 1955 64 , , , 21781 1955 65 ears ear NNS 21781 1955 66 , , , 21781 1955 67 or or CC 21781 1955 68 nasal nasal NN 21781 1955 69 sacs sacs NNP 21781 1955 70 , , , 21781 1955 71 in in IN 21781 1955 72 all all DT 21781 1955 73 of of IN 21781 1955 74 which which WDT 21781 1955 75 points point NNS 21781 1955 76 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1955 77 have have VBP 21781 1955 78 striking strike VBG 21781 1955 79 differences difference NNS 21781 1955 80 from from IN 21781 1955 81 all all DT 21781 1955 82 true true JJ 21781 1955 83 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1955 84 ; ; , 21781 1955 85 and and CC 21781 1955 86 such such PDT 21781 1955 87 a a DT 21781 1955 88 characteristic characteristic JJ 21781 1955 89 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1955 90 peculiarity peculiarity NN 21781 1955 91 as as IN 21781 1955 92 the the DT 21781 1955 93 pineal pineal NN 21781 1955 94 gland gland NN 21781 1955 95 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1955 96 can can MD 21781 1955 97 only only RB 21781 1955 98 say say VB 21781 1955 99 is be VBZ 21781 1955 100 represented represent VBN 21781 1955 101 very very RB 21781 1955 102 doubtfully doubtfully RB 21781 1955 103 by by IN 21781 1955 104 the the DT 21781 1955 105 eye eye NN 21781 1955 106 spot spot NN 21781 1955 107 . . . 21781 1956 1 Section section NN 21781 1956 2 2 2 CD 21781 1956 3 . . . 21781 1957 1 The the DT 21781 1957 2 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1957 3 column column NN 21781 1957 4 is be VBZ 21781 1957 5 devoid devoid JJ 21781 1957 6 of of IN 21781 1957 7 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1957 8 ; ; : 21781 1957 9 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1957 10 is be VBZ 21781 1957 11 throughout throughout IN 21781 1957 12 life life NN 21781 1957 13 a a DT 21781 1957 14 rod rod NN 21781 1957 15 of of IN 21781 1957 16 gelatinous gelatinous JJ 21781 1957 17 tissue tissue NN 21781 1957 18 , , , 21781 1957 19 the the DT 21781 1957 20 notochord notochord NN 21781 1957 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1957 22 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1957 23 1 1 CD 21781 1957 24 , , , 21781 1957 25 n.c n.c NNP 21781 1957 26 . . NNP 21781 1957 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1957 28 , , , 21781 1957 29 surrounded surround VBN 21781 1957 30 by by IN 21781 1957 31 a a DT 21781 1957 32 cellular cellular JJ 21781 1957 33 sheath sheath NN 21781 1957 34 . . . 21781 1958 1 Such such PDT 21781 1958 2 a a DT 21781 1958 3 rod rod NN 21781 1958 4 is be VBZ 21781 1958 5 precursor precursor NN 21781 1958 6 to to IN 21781 1958 7 the the DT 21781 1958 8 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 1958 9 column column NN 21781 1958 10 in in IN 21781 1958 11 the the DT 21781 1958 12 true true JJ 21781 1958 13 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 21781 1958 14 , , , 21781 1958 15 but but CC 21781 1958 16 , , , 21781 1958 17 except except IN 21781 1958 18 in in IN 21781 1958 19 such such JJ 21781 1958 20 lowly lowly JJ 21781 1958 21 forms form NNS 21781 1958 22 as as IN 21781 1958 23 the the DT 21781 1958 24 lamprey lamprey NNP 21781 1958 25 , , , 21781 1958 26 is be VBZ 21781 1958 27 usually usually RB 21781 1958 28 replaced replace VBN 21781 1958 29 , , , 21781 1958 30 partially partially RB 21781 1958 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1958 32 e.g. e.g. RB 21781 1958 33 , , , 21781 1958 34 dog dog NN 21781 1958 35 - - HYPH 21781 1958 36 fish fish NN 21781 1958 37 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1958 38 or or CC 21781 1958 39 wholly wholly RB 21781 1958 40 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1958 41 as as IN 21781 1958 42 in in IN 21781 1958 43 the the DT 21781 1958 44 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1958 45 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1958 46 by by IN 21781 1958 47 at at IN 21781 1958 48 first first JJ 21781 1958 49 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 1958 50 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 1958 51 whose whose WP$ 21781 1958 52 bodies body NNS 21781 1958 53 are be VBP 21781 1958 54 derived derive VBN 21781 1958 55 from from IN 21781 1958 56 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1958 57 sheath sheath NN 21781 1958 58 . . . 21781 1959 1 Further further RB 21781 1959 2 , , , 21781 1959 3 while while IN 21781 1959 4 in in IN 21781 1959 5 all all DT 21781 1959 6 true true JJ 21781 1959 7 vertebrata vertebrata IN 21781 1959 8 the the DT 21781 1959 9 notochord notochord NN 21781 1959 10 of of IN 21781 1959 11 the the DT 21781 1959 12 developing develop VBG 21781 1959 13 young young JJ 21781 1959 14 reaches reach VBZ 21781 1959 15 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 1959 16 at at IN 21781 1959 17 most most JJS 21781 1959 18 to to IN 21781 1959 19 the the DT 21781 1959 20 mid mid JJ 21781 1959 21 - - NN 21781 1959 22 brain brain NN 21781 1959 23 , , , 21781 1959 24 and and CC 21781 1959 25 is be VBZ 21781 1959 26 there there RB 21781 1959 27 at at IN 21781 1959 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1959 29 termination termination NN 21781 1959 30 enclosed enclose VBN 21781 1959 31 by by IN 21781 1959 32 the the DT 21781 1959 33 middle middle JJ 21781 1959 34 portion portion NN 21781 1959 35 of of IN 21781 1959 36 the the DT 21781 1959 37 skull skull NN 21781 1959 38 , , , 21781 1959 39 in in IN 21781 1959 40 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 1959 41 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1959 42 reaches reach VBZ 21781 1959 43 far far RB 21781 1959 44 in in IN 21781 1959 45 front front NN 21781 1959 46 of of IN 21781 1959 47 the the DT 21781 1959 48 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1959 49 extremity extremity NN 21781 1959 50 of of IN 21781 1959 51 the the DT 21781 1959 52 nervous nervous JJ 21781 1959 53 system system NN 21781 1959 54 , , , 21781 1959 55 to to IN 21781 1959 56 the the DT 21781 1959 57 end end NN 21781 1959 58 of of IN 21781 1959 59 the the DT 21781 1959 60 animal animal NN 21781 1959 61 's 's POS 21781 1959 62 body body NN 21781 1959 63 . . . 21781 1960 1 * * NFP 21781 1960 2 On on IN 21781 1960 3 this this DT 21781 1960 4 account account NN 21781 1960 5 the the DT 21781 1960 6 following follow VBG 21781 1960 7 classification classification NN 21781 1960 8 is be VBZ 21781 1960 9 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 1960 10 made make VBN 21781 1960 11 of of IN 21781 1960 12 those those DT 21781 1960 13 animals animal NNS 21781 1960 14 which which WDT 21781 1960 15 have have VBP 21781 1960 16 a a DT 21781 1960 17 notochord:-- notochord:-- : 21781 1960 18 -Chordata -chordata NN 21781 1960 19 _ _ NNP 21781 1960 20 (= (= NNP 21781 1960 21 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 21781 1960 22 , , , 21781 1960 23 as as IN 21781 1960 24 used use VBN 21781 1960 25 by by IN 21781 1960 26 Lankester Lankester NNP 21781 1960 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1960 28 . . . 21781 1961 1 1 1 LS 21781 1961 2 . . . 21781 1962 1 Having have VBG 21781 1962 2 the the DT 21781 1962 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 1962 4 reaching reach VBG 21781 1962 5 in in IN 21781 1962 6 front front NN 21781 1962 7 of of IN 21781 1962 8 the the DT 21781 1962 9 brain brain NN 21781 1962 10 . . . 21781 1963 1 Cephalochorda Cephalochorda NNP 21781 1963 2 = = SYM 21781 1963 3 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 1963 4 . . . 21781 1964 1 2 2 LS 21781 1964 2 . . . 21781 1965 1 Having have VBG 21781 1965 2 the the DT 21781 1965 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 1965 4 reaching reach VBG 21781 1965 5 anteriorly anteriorly RB 21781 1965 6 to to IN 21781 1965 7 the the DT 21781 1965 8 mid mid NN 21781 1965 9 - - NN 21781 1965 10 brain brain NN 21781 1965 11 , , , 21781 1965 12 a a DT 21781 1965 13 brain brain NN 21781 1965 14 of of IN 21781 1965 15 three three CD 21781 1965 16 primary primary JJ 21781 1965 17 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 1965 18 and and CC 21781 1965 19 a a DT 21781 1965 20 skull skull NN 21781 1965 21 . . . 21781 1966 1 Craniata craniata NN 21781 1966 2 = = SYM 21781 1966 3 all all DT 21781 1966 4 " " `` 21781 1966 5 true true JJ 21781 1966 6 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1966 7 " " '' 21781 1966 8 : : : 21781 1966 9 fishes fishes NNP 21781 1966 10 , , , 21781 1966 11 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 1966 12 , , , 21781 1966 13 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 1966 14 , , , 21781 1966 15 birds bird NNS 21781 1966 16 , , , 21781 1966 17 and and CC 21781 1966 18 mammals mammal NNS 21781 1966 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1966 20 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 21781 1966 21 of of IN 21781 1966 22 Balfour Balfour NNP 21781 1966 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1966 24 . . . 21781 1967 1 3 3 LS 21781 1967 2 . . . 21781 1968 1 Having have VBG 21781 1968 2 the the DT 21781 1968 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 1968 4 confined confine VBN 21781 1968 5 to to IN 21781 1968 6 the the DT 21781 1968 7 tail tail NN 21781 1968 8 . . . 21781 1969 1 Urochorda Urochorda NNP 21781 1969 2 = = VBZ 21781 1969 3 the the DT 21781 1969 4 ascidians ascidians NNPS 21781 1969 5 , , , 21781 1969 6 or or CC 21781 1969 7 sea sea NN 21781 1969 8 - - HYPH 21781 1969 9 squirts squirt NNS 21781 1969 10 , , , 21781 1969 11 certain certain JJ 21781 1969 12 forms form NNS 21781 1969 13 of of IN 21781 1969 14 life life NN 21781 1969 15 only only RB 21781 1969 16 recently recently RB 21781 1969 17 recognised recognise VBN 21781 1969 18 as as IN 21781 1969 19 relatives relative NNS 21781 1969 20 of of IN 21781 1969 21 the the DT 21781 1969 22 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1969 23 . . . 21781 1970 1 * * NFP 21781 1970 2 The the DT 21781 1970 3 anterior anterior JJ 21781 1970 4 end end NN 21781 1970 5 of of IN 21781 1970 6 the the DT 21781 1970 7 notochord notochord NN 21781 1970 8 in in IN 21781 1970 9 the the DT 21781 1970 10 developing develop VBG 21781 1970 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 1970 12 or or CC 21781 1970 13 dog dog NN 21781 1970 14 lies lie NNS 21781 1970 15 where where WRB 21781 1970 16 the the DT 21781 1970 17 middle middle NN 21781 1970 18 of of IN 21781 1970 19 the the DT 21781 1970 20 basisphenoid basisphenoid NN 21781 1970 21 bone bone NN 21781 1970 22 is be VBZ 21781 1970 23 destined destine VBN 21781 1970 24 to to TO 21781 1970 25 be be VB 21781 1970 26 . . . 21781 1971 1 Section section NN 21781 1971 2 3 3 CD 21781 1971 3 . . . 21781 1972 1 Figure figure NN 21781 1972 2 1 1 CD 21781 1972 3 , , , 21781 1972 4 Sheet sheet NN 21781 1972 5 19 19 CD 21781 1972 6 , , , 21781 1972 7 shows show VBZ 21781 1972 8 the the DT 21781 1972 9 general general JJ 21781 1972 10 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 1972 11 of of IN 21781 1972 12 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 1972 13 . . . 21781 1973 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 1973 2 recognise recognise VBP 21781 1973 3 four four CD 21781 1973 4 important important JJ 21781 1973 5 points point NNS 21781 1973 6 of of IN 21781 1973 7 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 1973 8 to to IN 21781 1973 9 the the DT 21781 1973 10 earlier early JJR 21781 1973 11 phases phase NNS 21781 1973 12 of of IN 21781 1973 13 the the DT 21781 1973 14 higher high JJR 21781 1973 15 and and CC 21781 1973 16 the the DT 21781 1973 17 permanent permanent JJ 21781 1973 18 structure structure NN 21781 1973 19 of of IN 21781 1973 20 the the DT 21781 1973 21 lower low JJR 21781 1973 22 members member NNS 21781 1973 23 of of IN 21781 1973 24 the the DT 21781 1973 25 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1973 26 , , , 21781 1973 27 and and CC 21781 1973 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1973 29 is be VBZ 21781 1973 30 these these DT 21781 1973 31 that that WDT 21781 1973 32 justify justify VBP 21781 1973 33 the the DT 21781 1973 34 inclusion inclusion NN 21781 1973 35 of of IN 21781 1973 36 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 1973 37 in in IN 21781 1973 38 this this DT 21781 1973 39 volume volume NN 21781 1973 40 . . . 21781 1974 1 In in IN 21781 1974 2 the the DT 21781 1974 3 first first JJ 21781 1974 4 place place NN 21781 1974 5 there there EX 21781 1974 6 is be VBZ 21781 1974 7 the-- the-- NNP 21781 1974 8 -Notochord -Notochord NNP 21781 1974 9 _ _ NNP 21781 1974 10 . . . 21781 1975 1 In in IN 21781 1975 2 the the DT 21781 1975 3 next next JJ 21781 1975 4 , , , 21781 1975 5 just just RB 21781 1975 6 above above IN 21781 1975 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1975 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1975 9 at at IN 21781 1975 10 s.c s.c NNP 21781 1975 11 . . . 21781 1975 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1975 13 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1975 14 find-- find-- VBP 21781 1975 15 -A -A HYPH 21781 1975 16 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1975 17 Tubular Tubular NNP 21781 1975 18 Nervous Nervous NNP 21781 1975 19 Axis Axis NNP 21781 1975 20 _ _ NNP 21781 1975 21 , , , 21781 1975 22 the the DT 21781 1975 23 spinal spinal JJ 21781 1975 24 cord cord NN 21781 1975 25 . . . 21781 1976 1 Thirdly thirdly RB 21781 1976 2 , , , 21781 1976 3 the the DT 21781 1976 4 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1976 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1976 6 ph ph NNP 21781 1976 7 . . NNP 21781 1976 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1977 1 is be VBZ 21781 1977 2 perforated perforate VBN 21781 1977 3 by-- by-- NNP 21781 1977 4 -Respiratory -Respiratory NNP 21781 1977 5 Slits Slits NNP 21781 1977 6 _ _ NNP 21781 1977 7 , , , 21781 1977 8 though though IN 21781 1977 9 these these DT 21781 1977 10 , , , 21781 1977 11 instead instead RB 21781 1977 12 of of IN 21781 1977 13 being be VBG 21781 1977 14 straight straight JJ 21781 1977 15 slashes slash NNS 21781 1977 16 , , , 21781 1977 17 are be VBP 21781 1977 18 modified modify VBN 21781 1977 19 from from IN 21781 1977 20 a a DT 21781 1977 21 U U NNP 21781 1977 22 - - HYPH 21781 1977 23 shape shape NN 21781 1977 24 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1977 25 slant slant RB 21781 1977 26 very very RB 21781 1977 27 much much RB 21781 1977 28 forward forward RB 21781 1977 29 and and CC 21781 1977 30 are be VBP 21781 1977 31 much much RB 21781 1977 32 more more RBR 21781 1977 33 numerous numerous JJ 21781 1977 34 than than IN 21781 1977 35 in in IN 21781 1977 36 any any DT 21781 1977 37 true true JJ 21781 1977 38 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 1977 39 . . . 21781 1977 40 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1977 41 . . . 21781 1978 1 -And- -And- NFP 21781 1978 2 , , , 21781 1978 3 Fourthly fourthly RB 21781 1978 4 , , , 21781 1978 5 there there EX 21781 1978 6 is be VBZ 21781 1978 7 , , , 21781 1978 8 as as IN 21781 1978 9 we -PRON- PRP 21781 1978 10 shall shall MD 21781 1978 11 see see VB 21781 1978 12 , , , 21781 1978 13 a-- a-- NFP 21781 1978 14 -Vertebrate -Vertebrate : 21781 1978 15 Type Type NNP 21781 1978 16 of of IN 21781 1978 17 Circulation Circulation NNP 21781 1978 18 _ _ NNP 21781 1978 19 . . . 21781 1979 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1979 2 And and CC 21781 1979 3 finally finally RB 21781 1979 4 the the DT 21781 1979 5 body body NN 21781 1979 6 - - HYPH 21781 1979 7 wall wall NN 21781 1979 8 muscles muscle NNS 21781 1979 9 are be VBP 21781 1979 10 divided divide VBN 21781 1979 11 into-- into-- NNP 21781 1979 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1979 13 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1979 14 -Myomers -Myomers NNP 21781 1979 15 _ _ NNP 21781 1979 16 . . . 21781 1979 17 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1980 1 Section section NN 21781 1980 2 4 4 CD 21781 1980 3 . . . 21781 1981 1 The the DT 21781 1981 2 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 1981 3 canal canal NN 21781 1981 4 of of IN 21781 1981 5 Amphioxus amphioxus JJ 21781 1981 6 commences commence NNS 21781 1981 7 with with IN 21781 1981 8 an an DT 21781 1981 9 " " `` 21781 1981 10 oral oral JJ 21781 1981 11 cavity cavity NN 21781 1981 12 , , , 21781 1981 13 " " '' 21781 1981 14 not not RB 21781 1981 15 represented represent VBN 21781 1981 16 in in IN 21781 1981 17 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 1981 18 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1981 19 , , , 21781 1981 20 surrounded surround VBN 21781 1981 21 by by IN 21781 1981 22 a a DT 21781 1981 23 number number NN 21781 1981 24 of of IN 21781 1981 25 cirri cirri JJ 21781 1981 26 , , , 21781 1981 27 or or CC 21781 1981 28 tentacles tentacle NNS 21781 1981 29 , , , 21781 1981 30 supported support VBN 21781 1981 31 by by IN 21781 1981 32 a a DT 21781 1981 33 horny horny JJ 21781 1981 34 substance substance NN 21781 1981 35 which which WDT 21781 1981 36 seems seem VBZ 21781 1981 37 to to TO 21781 1981 38 be be VB 21781 1981 39 chitin chitin NN 21781 1981 40 , , , 21781 1981 41 a a DT 21781 1981 42 common common JJ 21781 1981 43 skeletal skeletal JJ 21781 1981 44 material material NN 21781 1981 45 among among IN 21781 1981 46 invertebrates invertebrates NNPS 21781 1981 47 . . . 21781 1982 1 A a DT 21781 1982 2 velum velum NN 21781 1982 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1982 4 v. v. NNP 21781 1982 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1982 6 forms form VBZ 21781 1982 7 a a DT 21781 1982 8 curtain curtain NN 21781 1982 9 , , , 21781 1982 10 perforated perforate VBN 21781 1982 11 by by IN 21781 1982 12 the the DT 21781 1982 13 mouth mouth NN 21781 1982 14 and and CC 21781 1982 15 by by IN 21781 1982 16 two two CD 21781 1982 17 smaller small JJR 21781 1982 18 hyoidean hyoidean JJ 21781 1982 19 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1982 20 , , , 21781 1982 21 between between IN 21781 1982 22 the the DT 21781 1982 23 oral oral JJ 21781 1982 24 cavity cavity NN 21781 1982 25 and and CC 21781 1982 26 the the DT 21781 1982 27 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1982 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1982 29 ph ph NNP 21781 1982 30 . . NNP 21781 1982 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1982 32 . . . 21781 1983 1 " " `` 21781 1983 2 Pharyux Pharyux NNP 21781 1983 3 " " '' 21781 1983 4 is be VBZ 21781 1983 5 here here RB 21781 1983 6 used use VBN 21781 1983 7 in in IN 21781 1983 8 a a DT 21781 1983 9 wider wide JJR 21781 1983 10 sense sense NN 21781 1983 11 than than IN 21781 1983 12 in in IN 21781 1983 13 the the DT 21781 1983 14 true true JJ 21781 1983 15 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1983 16 ; ; : 21781 1983 17 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1983 18 reaches reach VBZ 21781 1983 19 back back RB 21781 1983 20 close close RB 21781 1983 21 to to IN 21781 1983 22 the the DT 21781 1983 23 liver liver NN 21781 1983 24 , , , 21781 1983 25 and and CC 21781 1983 26 is be VBZ 21781 1983 27 therefore therefore RB 21781 1983 28 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1983 29 to to IN 21781 1983 30 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1983 31 + + SYM 21781 1983 32 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 1983 33 + + CC 21781 1983 34 a a DT 21781 1983 35 portion portion NN 21781 1983 36 or or CC 21781 1983 37 all all DT 21781 1983 38 of of IN 21781 1983 39 the the DT 21781 1983 40 stomach stomach NN 21781 1983 41 . . . 21781 1984 1 The the DT 21781 1984 2 [ [ -LRB- 21781 1984 3 so so RB 21781 1984 4 - - HYPH 21781 1984 5 called call VBN 21781 1984 6 ] ] -RRB- 21781 1984 7 hyoidean hyoidean JJ 21781 1984 8 apertures aperture NNS 21781 1984 9 are be VBP 21781 1984 10 not not RB 21781 1984 11 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 1984 12 to to IN 21781 1984 13 the the DT 21781 1984 14 similarly similarly RB 21781 1984 15 - - HYPH 21781 1984 16 named name VBN 21781 1984 17 parts part NNS 21781 1984 18 of of IN 21781 1984 19 the the DT 21781 1984 20 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 1984 21 . . . 21781 1985 1 Behind behind IN 21781 1985 2 the the DT 21781 1985 3 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1985 4 the the DT 21781 1985 5 intestine intestine NN 21781 1985 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1985 7 int int NN 21781 1985 8 . . . 21781 1985 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1986 1 runs run VBZ 21781 1986 2 straight straight RB 21781 1986 3 out out RB 21781 1986 4 to to IN 21781 1986 5 the the DT 21781 1986 6 anus anus NN 21781 1986 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1986 8 an an DT 21781 1986 9 . . . 21781 1987 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1987 2 , , , 21781 1987 3 which which WDT 21781 1987 4 opens open VBZ 21781 1987 5 not not RB 21781 1987 6 in in IN 21781 1987 7 the the DT 21781 1987 8 middle middle JJ 21781 1987 9 line line NN 21781 1987 10 , , , 21781 1987 11 as as IN 21781 1987 12 one one PRP 21781 1987 13 might may MD 21781 1987 14 expect expect VB 21781 1987 15 , , , 21781 1987 16 but but CC 21781 1987 17 in in IN 21781 1987 18 the the DT 21781 1987 19 left left JJ 21781 1987 20 side side NN 21781 1987 21 ! ! . 21781 1988 1 The the DT 21781 1988 2 liver liver NN 21781 1988 3 lies lie VBZ 21781 1988 4 usually usually RB 21781 1988 5 on on IN 21781 1988 6 the the DT 21781 1988 7 creature creature NN 21781 1988 8 's 's POS 21781 1988 9 right right NN 21781 1988 10 , , , 21781 1988 11 and and CC 21781 1988 12 instead instead RB 21781 1988 13 of of IN 21781 1988 14 being be VBG 21781 1988 15 a a DT 21781 1988 16 compact compact JJ 21781 1988 17 gland gland NN 21781 1988 18 , , , 21781 1988 19 is be VBZ 21781 1988 20 simply simply RB 21781 1988 21 bag bag NN 21781 1988 22 - - HYPH 21781 1988 23 like like JJ 21781 1988 24 . . . 21781 1989 1 Section section NN 21781 1989 2 5 5 CD 21781 1989 3 . . . 21781 1990 1 The the DT 21781 1990 2 circulation circulation NN 21781 1990 3 is be VBZ 21781 1990 4 peculiarly peculiarly RB 21781 1990 5 reduced reduce VBN 21781 1990 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1990 7 Figure Figure NNP 21781 1990 8 2 2 CD 21781 1990 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1990 10 . . . 21781 1991 1 The the DT 21781 1991 2 cardiac cardiac JJ 21781 1991 3 aorta aorta NN 21781 1991 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1991 5 c.ao c.ao NNP 21781 1991 6 . . . 21781 1991 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1992 1 lies lie NNS 21781 1992 2 along along IN 21781 1992 3 the the DT 21781 1992 4 ventral ventral JJ 21781 1992 5 side side NN 21781 1992 6 of of IN 21781 1992 7 the the DT 21781 1992 8 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1992 9 , , , 21781 1992 10 and and CC 21781 1992 11 sends send VBZ 21781 1992 12 branches branch NNS 21781 1992 13 up up RP 21781 1992 14 along along IN 21781 1992 15 the the DT 21781 1992 16 complete complete JJ 21781 1992 17 bars bar NNS 21781 1992 18 between between IN 21781 1992 19 the the DT 21781 1992 20 gill gill JJ 21781 1992 21 slits slit NNS 21781 1992 22 . . . 21781 1993 1 There there EX 21781 1993 2 is be VBZ 21781 1993 3 no no DT 21781 1993 4 -distinct- -distinct- JJ 21781 1993 5 heart heart NN 21781 1993 6 , , , 21781 1993 7 but but CC 21781 1993 8 the the DT 21781 1993 9 whole whole NN 21781 1993 10 of of IN 21781 1993 11 the the DT 21781 1993 12 cardiac cardiac NNP 21781 1993 13 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1993 14 is be VBZ 21781 1993 15 contractile contractile JJ 21781 1993 16 , , , 21781 1993 17 and and CC 21781 1993 18 at at IN 21781 1993 19 the the DT 21781 1993 20 bases basis NNS 21781 1993 21 of of IN 21781 1993 22 the the DT 21781 1993 23 aortic aortic JJ 21781 1993 24 arches arch NNS 21781 1993 25 that that WDT 21781 1993 26 run run VBP 21781 1993 27 up up RP 21781 1993 28 the the DT 21781 1993 29 bars bar NNS 21781 1993 30 there there EX 21781 1993 31 are be VBP 21781 1993 32 contractile contractile JJ 21781 1993 33 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 1993 34 that that WDT 21781 1993 35 assist assist VBP 21781 1993 36 in in IN 21781 1993 37 the the DT 21781 1993 38 propulsion propulsion NN 21781 1993 39 of of IN 21781 1993 40 the the DT 21781 1993 41 blood blood NN 21781 1993 42 . . . 21781 1994 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1994 2 to to IN 21781 1994 3 the the DT 21781 1994 4 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 1994 5 , , , 21781 1994 6 as as IN 21781 1994 7 in in IN 21781 1994 8 fishes fish NNS 21781 1994 9 , , , 21781 1994 10 there there EX 21781 1994 11 is be VBZ 21781 1994 12 a a DT 21781 1994 13 pair pair NN 21781 1994 14 of of IN 21781 1994 15 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1994 16 aorta aorta NN 21781 1994 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1994 18 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 1994 19 . . . 21781 1994 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1995 1 that that WDT 21781 1995 2 unite unite VB 21781 1995 3 above above IN 21781 1995 4 the the DT 21781 1995 5 liver liver NN 21781 1995 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1995 7 compare compare VB 21781 1995 8 the the DT 21781 1995 9 frog frog NN 21781 1995 10 , , , 21781 1995 11 for for IN 21781 1995 12 instance instance NN 21781 1995 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1995 14 , , , 21781 1995 15 and and CC 21781 1995 16 thence thence NN 21781 1995 17 run run VB 21781 1995 18 backward backward RB 21781 1995 19 as as IN 21781 1995 20 a a DT 21781 1995 21 median median JJ 21781 1995 22 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 1995 23 aorta aorta NN 21781 1995 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1995 25 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 1995 26 . . . 21781 1995 27 ' ' '' 21781 1995 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1995 29 . . . 21781 1996 1 A a DT 21781 1996 2 portal portal JJ 21781 1996 3 vein vein NN 21781 1996 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1996 5 p.v p.v NNP 21781 1996 6 . . NNP 21781 1996 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1997 1 bring bring VB 21781 1997 2 blood blood NN 21781 1997 3 back back RB 21781 1997 4 from from IN 21781 1997 5 the the DT 21781 1997 6 intestine intestine NN 21781 1997 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1997 8 and and CC 21781 1997 9 apparently apparently RB 21781 1997 10 from from IN 21781 1997 11 the the DT 21781 1997 12 whole whole JJ 21781 1997 13 posterior posterior NN 21781 1997 14 portion portion NN 21781 1997 15 of of IN 21781 1997 16 the the DT 21781 1997 17 animal animal NN 21781 1997 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1997 19 to to IN 21781 1997 20 the the DT 21781 1997 21 liver liver NN 21781 1997 22 . . . 21781 1998 1 Thence thence NN 21781 1998 2 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 1998 3 veins vein NNS 21781 1998 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 1998 5 hep hep NNP 21781 1998 6 . . . 21781 1998 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 1999 1 take take VB 21781 1999 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 1999 3 to to IN 21781 1999 4 the the DT 21781 1999 5 cardiac cardiac JJ 21781 1999 6 aorta aorta NNP 21781 1999 7 . . . 21781 2000 1 { { -LRB- 21781 2000 2 Lines line NNS 21781 2000 3 from from IN 21781 2000 4 First First NNP 21781 2000 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 2000 6 only only RB 21781 2000 7 . . . 21781 2000 8 } } -RRB- 21781 2001 1 -When -When : 21781 2001 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2001 3 remember remember VBP 21781 2001 4 that that IN 21781 2001 5 in in IN 21781 2001 6 the the DT 21781 2001 7 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2001 8 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2001 9 the the DT 21781 2001 10 heart heart NN 21781 2001 11 is be VBZ 21781 2001 12 at at IN 21781 2001 13 first first RB 21781 2001 14 a a DT 21781 2001 15 straight straight JJ 21781 2001 16 tube tube NN 21781 2001 17 , , , 21781 2001 18 this this DT 21781 2001 19 circulation circulation NN 21781 2001 20 appears appear VBZ 21781 2001 21 even even RB 21781 2001 22 more more RBR 21781 2001 23 strikingly strikingly RB 21781 2001 24 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2001 25 in in IN 21781 2001 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2001 27 character character NN 21781 2001 28 than than IN 21781 2001 29 before.- before.- NNP 21781 2001 30 Section Section NNP 21781 2001 31 6 6 CD 21781 2001 32 . . . 21781 2002 1 The the DT 21781 2002 2 coelom coelom NN 21781 2002 3 , , , 21781 2002 4 or or CC 21781 2002 5 body body NN 21781 2002 6 cavity cavity NN 21781 2002 7 , , , 21781 2002 8 of of IN 21781 2002 9 Amphioxus amphioxus JJ 21781 2002 10 lies lie NNS 21781 2002 11 , , , 21781 2002 12 of of IN 21781 2002 13 course course NN 21781 2002 14 , , , 21781 2002 15 as as IN 21781 2002 16 in in IN 21781 2002 17 the the DT 21781 2002 18 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2002 19 , , , 21781 2002 20 between between IN 21781 2002 21 the the DT 21781 2002 22 intestinal intestinal JJ 21781 2002 23 wall wall NN 21781 2002 24 and and CC 21781 2002 25 the the DT 21781 2002 26 body body NN 21781 2002 27 walls wall NNS 21781 2002 28 , , , 21781 2002 29 and and CC 21781 2002 30 , , , 21781 2002 31 just just RB 21781 2002 32 as as IN 21781 2002 33 in in IN 21781 2002 34 the the DT 21781 2002 35 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2002 36 , , , 21781 2002 37 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2002 38 is be VBZ 21781 2002 39 largely largely RB 21781 2002 40 reduced reduce VBN 21781 2002 41 where where WRB 21781 2002 42 gill gill NNP 21781 2002 43 slits slit NNS 21781 2002 44 occur occur VBP 21781 2002 45 . . . 21781 2003 1 But but CC 21781 2003 2 matters matter NNS 21781 2003 3 are be VBP 21781 2003 4 rather rather RB 21781 2003 5 complicated complicated JJ 21781 2003 6 by by IN 21781 2003 7 the the DT 21781 2003 8 presence presence NN 21781 2003 9 of of IN 21781 2003 10 an an DT 21781 2003 11 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2003 12 cavity cavity NN 21781 2003 13 round round IN 21781 2003 14 the the DT 21781 2003 15 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2003 16 , , , 21781 2003 17 which which WDT 21781 2003 18 is be VBZ 21781 2003 19 not not RB 21781 2003 20 certainly certainly RB 21781 2003 21 represented represent VBN 21781 2003 22 in in IN 21781 2003 23 the the DT 21781 2003 24 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2003 25 , , , 21781 2003 26 and and CC 21781 2003 27 which which WDT 21781 2003 28 the the DT 21781 2003 29 student student NN 21781 2003 30 is be VBZ 21781 2003 31 at at IN 21781 2003 32 first first JJ 21781 2003 33 apt apt NNP 21781 2003 34 to to TO 21781 2003 35 call call VB 21781 2003 36 the the DT 21781 2003 37 body body NN 21781 2003 38 cavity cavity NN 21781 2003 39 , , , 21781 2003 40 although although IN 21781 2003 41 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2003 42 is be VBZ 21781 2003 43 entirely entirely RB 21781 2003 44 distinct distinct JJ 21781 2003 45 and and CC 21781 2003 46 different different JJ 21781 2003 47 from from IN 21781 2003 48 that that DT 21781 2003 49 space space NN 21781 2003 50 . . . 21781 2004 1 The the DT 21781 2004 2 mutual mutual JJ 21781 2004 3 relation relation NN 21781 2004 4 of of IN 21781 2004 5 the the DT 21781 2004 6 two two CD 21781 2004 7 will will MD 21781 2004 8 become become VB 21781 2004 9 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2004 10 after after IN 21781 2004 11 a a DT 21781 2004 12 study study NN 21781 2004 13 of of IN 21781 2004 14 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2004 15 10 10 CD 21781 2004 16 , , , 21781 2004 17 11 11 CD 21781 2004 18 , , , 21781 2004 19 12 12 CD 21781 2004 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2004 21 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2004 22 21 21 CD 21781 2004 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2004 24 . . . 21781 2005 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2005 2 10 10 CD 21781 2005 3 gives give VBZ 21781 2005 4 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 21781 2005 5 a a DT 21781 2005 6 section section NN 21781 2005 7 of of IN 21781 2005 8 a a DT 21781 2005 9 very very RB 21781 2005 10 young young JJ 21781 2005 11 stage stage NN 21781 2005 12 of of IN 21781 2005 13 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 2005 14 ; ; : 21781 2005 15 P p NN 21781 2005 16 is be VBZ 21781 2005 17 the the DT 21781 2005 18 pharynx pharynx JJ 21781 2005 19 portion portion NN 21781 2005 20 of of IN 21781 2005 21 the the DT 21781 2005 22 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2005 23 canal canal NN 21781 2005 24 , , , 21781 2005 25 coe coe NNP 21781 2005 26 . . . 21781 2006 1 is be VBZ 21781 2006 2 the the DT 21781 2006 3 coelom coelom NN 21781 2006 4 surrounding surround VBG 21781 2006 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2006 6 at at IN 21781 2006 7 this this DT 21781 2006 8 stage stage NN 21781 2006 9 here here RB 21781 2006 10 as as IN 21781 2006 11 elsewhere elsewhere RB 21781 2006 12 ; ; : 21781 2006 13 mt.c mt.c NN 21781 2006 14 . . . 21781 2007 1 are be VBP 21781 2007 2 certain certain JJ 21781 2007 3 lymph lymph NN 21781 2007 4 spaces space NNS 21781 2007 5 , , , 21781 2007 6 the the DT 21781 2007 7 metapleural metapleural JJ 21781 2007 8 canals canal NNS 21781 2007 9 , , , 21781 2007 10 between between IN 21781 2007 11 which which WDT 21781 2007 12 a a DT 21781 2007 13 small small JJ 21781 2007 14 invagination invagination NN 21781 2007 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2007 16 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 2007 17 , , , 21781 2007 18 a a DT 21781 2007 19 pushing pushing NN 21781 2007 20 - - HYPH 21781 2007 21 in in NN 21781 2007 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2007 23 , , , 21781 2007 24 at at IN 21781 2007 25 . . . 21781 2007 26 , , , 21781 2007 27 of of IN 21781 2007 28 the the DT 21781 2007 29 outer outer NNP 21781 2007 30 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 2007 31 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2007 32 ; ; : 21781 2007 33 n.c n.c NNP 21781 2007 34 . . NNP 21781 2007 35 is be VBZ 21781 2007 36 the the DT 21781 2007 37 notochord notochord NN 21781 2007 38 , , , 21781 2007 39 and and CC 21781 2007 40 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2007 41 . . NNP 21781 2007 42 the the DT 21781 2007 43 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2007 44 cord cord NN 21781 2007 45 . . . 21781 2008 1 The the DT 21781 2008 2 gill gill JJ 21781 2008 3 slits slit NNS 21781 2008 4 , , , 21781 2008 5 by by IN 21781 2008 6 which which WDT 21781 2008 7 P. P. NNP 21781 2008 8 communicates communicate VBZ 21781 2008 9 with with IN 21781 2008 10 the the DT 21781 2008 11 exterior exterior NN 21781 2008 12 , , , 21781 2008 13 are be VBP 21781 2008 14 not not RB 21781 2008 15 shown show VBN 21781 2008 16 . . . 21781 2009 1 Next next JJ 21781 2009 2 Figure figure NN 21781 2009 3 11 11 CD 21781 2009 4 shows show VBZ 21781 2009 5 the the DT 21781 2009 6 invagination invagination NN 21781 2009 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2009 8 at at IN 21781 2009 9 . . . 21781 2009 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2010 1 pushing push VBG 21781 2010 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2010 3 way way NN 21781 2010 4 in in IN 21781 2010 5 , , , 21781 2010 6 and and CC 21781 2010 7 cut cut VBD 21781 2010 8 off off RP 21781 2010 9 from from IN 21781 2010 10 the the DT 21781 2010 11 exterior exterior NN 21781 2010 12 by by IN 21781 2010 13 a a DT 21781 2010 14 meeting meeting NN 21781 2010 15 of of IN 21781 2010 16 the the DT 21781 2010 17 body body NN 21781 2010 18 wall wall NN 21781 2010 19 below below RB 21781 2010 20 . . . 21781 2011 1 Note note VB 21781 2011 2 that that IN 21781 2011 3 at at IN 21781 2011 4 . . . 21781 2012 1 is be VBZ 21781 2012 2 a a DT 21781 2012 3 portion portion NN 21781 2012 4 of of IN 21781 2012 5 the the DT 21781 2012 6 animal animal NN 21781 2012 7 's 's POS 21781 2012 8 exterior exterior NN 21781 2012 9 thus thus RB 21781 2012 10 embraced embrace VBN 21781 2012 11 by by IN 21781 2012 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2012 13 body body NN 21781 2012 14 , , , 21781 2012 15 and and CC 21781 2012 16 that that IN 21781 2012 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2012 18 lining lining NN 21781 2012 19 is be VBZ 21781 2012 20 therefore therefore RB 21781 2012 21 of of IN 21781 2012 22 the the DT 21781 2012 23 same same JJ 21781 2012 24 material material NN 21781 2012 25 as as IN 21781 2012 26 the the DT 21781 2012 27 external external JJ 21781 2012 28 integument integument NN 21781 2012 29 . . . 21781 2013 1 In in IN 21781 2013 2 Figure figure NN 21781 2013 3 12 12 CD 21781 2013 4 , , , 21781 2013 5 at at IN 21781 2013 6 . . . 21781 2014 1 is be VBZ 21781 2014 2 developing develop VBG 21781 2014 3 upward upward RB 21781 2014 4 , , , 21781 2014 5 so so IN 21781 2014 6 that that IN 21781 2014 7 the the DT 21781 2014 8 true true JJ 21781 2014 9 body body NN 21781 2014 10 hangs hang VBZ 21781 2014 11 into into IN 21781 2014 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2014 13 . . . 21781 2015 1 Now now RB 21781 2015 2 imagine imagine VB 21781 2015 3 the the DT 21781 2015 4 gill gill JJ 21781 2015 5 slits slit NNS 21781 2015 6 perforated perforate VBN 21781 2015 7 , , , 21781 2015 8 as as IN 21781 2015 9 shown show VBN 21781 2015 10 by by IN 21781 2015 11 the the DT 21781 2015 12 double double RB 21781 2015 13 - - HYPH 21781 2015 14 headed headed JJ 21781 2015 15 arrow arrow NN 21781 2015 16 in in IN 21781 2015 17 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2015 18 12 12 CD 21781 2015 19 . . . 21781 2016 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2016 2 3 3 CD 21781 2016 3 , , , 21781 2016 4 on on IN 21781 2016 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2016 6 20 20 CD 21781 2016 7 , , , 21781 2016 8 is be VBZ 21781 2016 9 a a DT 21781 2016 10 less less RBR 21781 2016 11 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2016 12 representation representation NN 21781 2016 13 of of IN 21781 2016 14 a a DT 21781 2016 15 cross cross JJ 21781 2016 16 - - NN 21781 2016 17 section section NN 21781 2016 18 of of IN 21781 2016 19 the the DT 21781 2016 20 pharyngeal pharyngeal NN 21781 2016 21 region region NN 21781 2016 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2016 23 vide vide NN 21781 2016 24 Figure figure NN 21781 2016 25 1 1 CD 21781 2016 26 , , , 21781 2016 27 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2016 28 19 19 CD 21781 2016 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2016 30 . . . 21781 2017 1 The the DT 21781 2017 2 student student NN 21781 2017 3 should should MD 21781 2017 4 compare compare VB 21781 2017 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2017 6 3 3 CD 21781 2017 7 , , , 21781 2017 8 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2017 9 20 20 CD 21781 2017 10 , , , 21781 2017 11 and and CC 21781 2017 12 Figure figure NN 21781 2017 13 12 12 CD 21781 2017 14 , , , 21781 2017 15 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2017 16 21 21 CD 21781 2017 17 . . . 21781 2018 1 The the DT 21781 2018 2 atrium atrium NN 21781 2018 3 and and CC 21781 2018 4 metapleural metapleural JJ 21781 2018 5 canals canal NNS 21781 2018 6 are be VBP 21781 2018 7 easily easily RB 21781 2018 8 recognised recognise VBN 21781 2018 9 in in IN 21781 2018 10 both both DT 21781 2018 11 . . . 21781 2019 1 In in IN 21781 2019 2 Figure figure NN 21781 2019 3 3 3 CD 21781 2019 4 the the DT 21781 2019 5 coelom coelom NN 21781 2019 6 is be VBZ 21781 2019 7 much much RB 21781 2019 8 cut cut VBN 21781 2019 9 up up RP 21781 2019 10 by by IN 21781 2019 11 the the DT 21781 2019 12 gill gill JJ 21781 2019 13 slits slit NNS 21781 2019 14 , , , 21781 2019 15 and and CC 21781 2019 16 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2019 17 have have VBP 21781 2019 18 remaining remain VBG 21781 2019 19 of of IN 21781 2019 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2019 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2019 22 a a LS 21781 2019 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2019 24 the the DT 21781 2019 25 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2019 26 coelomic coelomic NNP 21781 2019 27 canals canal NNS 21781 2019 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2019 29 d.c.c d.c.c NNP 21781 2019 30 . . . 21781 2019 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2020 1 and and CC 21781 2020 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2020 3 b b LS 21781 2020 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2020 5 the the DT 21781 2020 6 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2020 7 canals canal NNS 21781 2020 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2020 9 br.c br.c NN 21781 2020 10 . . . 21781 2020 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2021 1 in in IN 21781 2021 2 the the DT 21781 2021 3 bars bar NNS 21781 2021 4 between between IN 21781 2021 5 the the DT 21781 2021 6 slits slit NNS 21781 2021 7 . . . 21781 2022 1 The the DT 21781 2022 2 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2022 3 cavity cavity NN 21781 2022 4 remains remain VBZ 21781 2022 5 open open JJ 21781 2022 6 to to IN 21781 2022 7 the the DT 21781 2022 8 exterior exterior NN 21781 2022 9 at at IN 21781 2022 10 one one CD 21781 2022 11 point point NN 21781 2022 12 , , , 21781 2022 13 the the DT 21781 2022 14 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2022 15 pore pore NN 21781 2022 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2022 17 at.p at.p NNP 21781 2022 18 . . . 21781 2022 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2022 20 . . . 21781 2023 1 Section section NN 21781 2023 2 7 7 CD 21781 2023 3 . . . 21781 2024 1 The the DT 21781 2024 2 method method NN 21781 2024 3 of of IN 21781 2024 4 examining examine VBG 21781 2024 5 cross cross NN 21781 2024 6 - - NNS 21781 2024 7 sections section NNS 21781 2024 8 is be VBZ 21781 2024 9 an an DT 21781 2024 10 extremely extremely RB 21781 2024 11 convenient convenient JJ 21781 2024 12 one one NN 21781 2024 13 in in IN 21781 2024 14 the the DT 21781 2024 15 study study NN 21781 2024 16 of of IN 21781 2024 17 such such PDT 21781 2024 18 a a DT 21781 2024 19 type type NN 21781 2024 20 as as IN 21781 2024 21 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 2024 22 . . . 21781 2025 1 The the DT 21781 2025 2 student student NN 21781 2025 3 should should MD 21781 2025 4 very very RB 21781 2025 5 carefully carefully RB 21781 2025 6 go go VB 21781 2025 7 over over RB 21781 2025 8 and and CC 21781 2025 9 copy copy VB 21781 2025 10 the the DT 21781 2025 11 six six CD 21781 2025 12 sections section NNS 21781 2025 13 on on IN 21781 2025 14 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2025 15 20 20 CD 21781 2025 16 , , , 21781 2025 17 comparing compare VBG 21781 2025 18 Figure figure NN 21781 2025 19 1 1 CD 21781 2025 20 as as IN 21781 2025 21 he -PRON- PRP 21781 2025 22 goes go VBZ 21781 2025 23 . . . 21781 2026 1 He -PRON- PRP 21781 2026 2 should should MD 21781 2026 3 do do VB 21781 2026 4 this this DT 21781 2026 5 before before IN 21781 2026 6 reading read VBG 21781 2026 7 what what WP 21781 2026 8 follows follow VBZ 21781 2026 9 . . . 21781 2027 1 One one CD 21781 2027 2 little little JJ 21781 2027 3 matter matter NN 21781 2027 4 must must MD 21781 2027 5 be be VB 21781 2027 6 borne bear VBN 21781 2027 7 in in IN 21781 2027 8 mind mind NN 21781 2027 9 . . . 21781 2028 1 These these DT 21781 2028 2 figures figure NNS 21781 2028 3 are be VBP 21781 2028 4 merely merely RB 21781 2028 5 intended intend VBN 21781 2028 6 to to TO 21781 2028 7 convey convey VB 21781 2028 8 the the DT 21781 2028 9 great great JJ 21781 2028 10 structural structural JJ 21781 2028 11 ideas idea NNS 21781 2028 12 , , , 21781 2028 13 and and CC 21781 2028 14 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2028 15 are be VBP 21781 2028 16 considerably considerably RB 21781 2028 17 simplified simplify VBN 21781 2028 18 ; ; : 21781 2028 19 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2028 20 must must MD 21781 2028 21 not not RB 21781 2028 22 be be VB 21781 2028 23 regarded regard VBN 21781 2028 24 as as IN 21781 2028 25 a a DT 21781 2028 26 substitute substitute NN 21781 2028 27 for for IN 21781 2028 28 the the DT 21781 2028 29 examination examination NN 21781 2028 30 of of IN 21781 2028 31 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 2028 32 sections section NNS 21781 2028 33 . . . 21781 2029 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2029 2 He -PRON- PRP 21781 2029 3 will will MD 21781 2029 4 notice notice VB 21781 2029 5 a a DT 21781 2029 6 number number NN 21781 2029 7 of of IN 21781 2029 8 rounded rounded JJ 21781 2029 9 masses masse NNS 21781 2029 10 from from IN 21781 2029 11 the the DT 21781 2029 12 body body NN 21781 2029 13 wall wall NN 21781 2029 14 . . . 21781 2030 1 The the DT 21781 2030 2 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2030 3 -For -for NN 21781 2030 4 instance instance NN 21781 2030 5 , , , 21781 2030 6 the the DT 21781 2030 7 body body NN 21781 2030 8 - - HYPH 21781 2030 9 wall- wall- JJ 21781 2030 10 muscles muscle NNS 21781 2030 11 of of IN 21781 2030 12 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 2030 13 are be VBP 21781 2030 14 arranged arrange VBN 21781 2030 15 in in IN 21781 2030 16 bundles bundle NNS 21781 2030 17 bent bend VBD 21781 2030 18 sharply sharply RB 21781 2030 19 in in IN 21781 2030 20 an an DT 21781 2030 21 arrow arrow NN 21781 2030 22 shape shape NN 21781 2030 23 , , , 21781 2030 24 the the DT 21781 2030 25 point point NN 21781 2030 26 forward forward RB 21781 2030 27 . . . 21781 2031 1 -A -A : 21781 2031 2 number number NN 21781 2031 3 of of IN 21781 2031 4 these these DT 21781 2031 5 bundles bundle NNS 21781 2031 6 are be VBP 21781 2031 7 cut cut VBN 21781 2031 8 in in IN 21781 2031 9 any any DT 21781 2031 10 one one CD 21781 2031 11 section section NN 21781 2031 12 , , , 21781 2031 13 and and CC 21781 2031 14 so so RB 21781 2031 15 the the DT 21781 2031 16 even even RB 21781 2031 17 shading shading NN 21781 2031 18 of of IN 21781 2031 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2031 20 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2031 21 , , , 21781 2031 22 if if IN 21781 2031 23 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2031 24 professed profess VBD 21781 2031 25 to to TO 21781 2031 26 be be VB 21781 2031 27 anything anything NN 21781 2031 28 more more JJR 21781 2031 29 than than IN 21781 2031 30 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2031 31 , , , 21781 2031 32 should should MD 21781 2031 33 be be VB 21781 2031 34 broken break VBN 21781 2031 35 up up RP 21781 2031 36 into into IN 21781 2031 37 masses.- masses.- NNP 21781 2031 38 These these DT 21781 2031 39 -bundles -bundle NNS 21781 2031 40 , , , 21781 2031 41 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2031 42 may may MD 21781 2031 43 mention- mention- VB 21781 2031 44 , , , 21781 2031 45 are be VBP 21781 2031 46 called call VBN 21781 2031 47 myomeres myomere NNS 21781 2031 48 , , , 21781 2031 49 and and CC 21781 2031 50 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2031 51 are be VBP 21781 2031 52 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2031 53 in in IN 21781 2031 54 Figure figure NN 21781 2031 55 1 1 CD 21781 2031 56 by by IN 21781 2031 57 lines line NNS 21781 2031 58 pointing point VBG 21781 2031 59 acutely acutely RB 21781 2031 60 forward forward RB 21781 2031 61 . . . 21781 2032 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2032 2 Several several JJ 21781 2032 3 are be VBP 21781 2032 4 consequently consequently RB 21781 2032 5 cut cut VBN 21781 2032 6 in in IN 21781 2032 7 any any DT 21781 2032 8 transverse transverse JJ 21781 2032 9 section section NN 21781 2032 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2032 11 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2032 12 20 20 CD 21781 2032 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2032 14 , , , 21781 2032 15 and and CC 21781 2032 16 these these DT 21781 2032 17 are be VBP 21781 2032 18 the the DT 21781 2032 19 rounded rounded JJ 21781 2032 20 masses masse NNS 21781 2032 21 he -PRON- PRP 21781 2032 22 sees see VBZ 21781 2032 23 . . . 21781 2032 24 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2033 1 Similar similar JJ 21781 2033 2 myomeres myomere NNS 21781 2033 3 , , , 21781 2033 4 similarly similarly RB 21781 2033 5 situated situate VBN 21781 2033 6 , , , 21781 2033 7 are be VBP 21781 2033 8 found find VBN 21781 2033 9 in in IN 21781 2033 10 fish fish NN 21781 2033 11 , , , 21781 2033 12 behind behind IN 21781 2033 13 the the DT 21781 2033 14 head head NN 21781 2033 15 , , , 21781 2033 16 and and CC 21781 2033 17 , , , 21781 2033 18 less less RBR 21781 2033 19 obviously obviously RB 21781 2033 20 , , , 21781 2033 21 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2033 22 occur occur VBP 21781 2033 23 with with IN 21781 2033 24 diminishing diminish VBG 21781 2033 25 importance importance NN 21781 2033 26 as as IN 21781 2033 27 the the DT 21781 2033 28 scale scale NN 21781 2033 29 of of IN 21781 2033 30 the the DT 21781 2033 31 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2033 32 is be VBZ 21781 2033 33 ascended ascend VBN 21781 2033 34 . . . 21781 2034 1 Section section NN 21781 2034 2 8 8 CD 21781 2034 3 . . . 21781 2035 1 If if IN 21781 2035 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2035 3 compare compare VBP 21781 2035 4 the the DT 21781 2035 5 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2035 6 system system NN 21781 2035 7 of of IN 21781 2035 8 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2035 9 with with IN 21781 2035 10 that that DT 21781 2035 11 of of IN 21781 2035 12 any any DT 21781 2035 13 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2035 14 , , , 21781 2035 15 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2035 16 find find VBP 21781 2035 17 at at IN 21781 2035 18 once once RB 21781 2035 19 a a DT 21781 2035 20 number number NN 21781 2035 21 of of IN 21781 2035 22 striking strike VBG 21781 2035 23 differences difference NNS 21781 2035 24 . . . 21781 2036 1 In in IN 21781 2036 2 the the DT 21781 2036 3 first first JJ 21781 2036 4 place place NN 21781 2036 5 , , , 21781 2036 6 the the DT 21781 2036 7 skeletal skeletal JJ 21781 2036 8 covering covering NN 21781 2036 9 of of IN 21781 2036 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2036 11 , , , 21781 2036 12 the the DT 21781 2036 13 cranium cranium NN 21781 2036 14 and and CC 21781 2036 15 the the DT 21781 2036 16 neural neural JJ 21781 2036 17 arches arch NNS 21781 2036 18 of of IN 21781 2036 19 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 2036 20 , , , 21781 2036 21 are be VBP 21781 2036 22 represented represent VBN 21781 2036 23 only only RB 21781 2036 24 by by IN 21781 2036 25 a a DT 21781 2036 26 greatly greatly RB 21781 2036 27 simplified simplify VBN 21781 2036 28 connective connective JJ 21781 2036 29 tissue tissue NN 21781 2036 30 . . . 21781 2037 1 In in IN 21781 2037 2 the the DT 21781 2037 3 next next JJ 21781 2037 4 , , , 21781 2037 5 a a DT 21781 2037 6 simple simple JJ 21781 2037 7 and and CC 21781 2037 8 slight slight JJ 21781 2037 9 anterior anterior JJ 21781 2037 10 dilatation dilatation NN 21781 2037 11 alone alone RB 21781 2037 12 represents represent VBZ 21781 2037 13 the the DT 21781 2037 14 brain brain NN 21781 2037 15 . . . 21781 2038 1 A a DT 21781 2038 2 patch patch NN 21781 2038 3 of of IN 21781 2038 4 black black JJ 21781 2038 5 pigment pigment NN 21781 2038 6 anterior anterior NN 21781 2038 7 to to IN 21781 2038 8 this this DT 21781 2038 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2038 10 e.s e.s NNP 21781 2038 11 . . . 21781 2038 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2039 1 may may MD 21781 2039 2 or or CC 21781 2039 3 may may MD 21781 2039 4 not not RB 21781 2039 5 be be VB 21781 2039 6 what what WP 21781 2039 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2039 8 name name NN 21781 2039 9 implies imply VBZ 21781 2039 10 an an DT 21781 2039 11 eye eye NN 21781 2039 12 - - HYPH 21781 2039 13 spot spot NN 21781 2039 14 . . . 21781 2040 1 There there EX 21781 2040 2 is be VBZ 21781 2040 3 a a DT 21781 2040 4 ciliated ciliated JJ 21781 2040 5 funnel funnel NN 21781 2040 6 , , , 21781 2040 7 c.f c.f NNP 21781 2040 8 . . . 21781 2041 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2041 2 Figure figure NN 21781 2041 3 1 1 CD 21781 2041 4 , , , 21781 2041 5 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2041 6 19 19 CD 21781 2041 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2041 8 , , , 21781 2041 9 opening open VBG 21781 2041 10 on on IN 21781 2041 11 the the DT 21781 2041 12 left left JJ 21781 2041 13 side side NN 21781 2041 14 , , , 21781 2041 15 which which WDT 21781 2041 16 has have VBZ 21781 2041 17 been be VBN 21781 2041 18 assumed assume VBN 21781 2041 19 to to TO 21781 2041 20 be be VB 21781 2041 21 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 2041 22 in in IN 21781 2041 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2041 24 functions function NNS 21781 2041 25 , , , 21781 2041 26 and and CC 21781 2041 27 in in IN 21781 2041 28 the the DT 21781 2041 29 mouth mouth NN 21781 2041 30 chamber chamber NN 21781 2041 31 a a DT 21781 2041 32 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 2041 33 pit pit NN 21781 2041 34 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2041 35 c.p c.p NNP 21781 2041 36 . . . 21781 2042 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2042 2 , , , 21781 2042 3 which which WDT 21781 2042 4 may may MD 21781 2042 5 , , , 21781 2042 6 or or CC 21781 2042 7 may may MD 21781 2042 8 not not RB 21781 2042 9 , , , 21781 2042 10 be be VB 21781 2042 11 an an DT 21781 2042 12 organ organ NN 21781 2042 13 of of IN 21781 2042 14 taste taste NN 21781 2042 15 . . . 21781 2043 1 The the DT 21781 2043 2 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2043 3 fissure fissure NN 21781 2043 4 of of IN 21781 2043 5 the the DT 21781 2043 6 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2043 7 cord cord NN 21781 2043 8 is be VBZ 21781 2043 9 absent absent JJ 21781 2043 10 . . . 21781 2044 1 The the DT 21781 2044 2 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2044 3 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2044 4 are be VBP 21781 2044 5 without without IN 21781 2044 6 ganglia ganglia NN 21781 2044 7 , , , 21781 2044 8 and and CC 21781 2044 9 do do VBP 21781 2044 10 not not RB 21781 2044 11 come come VB 21781 2044 12 off off RP 21781 2044 13 in in IN 21781 2044 14 pairs pair NNS 21781 2044 15 , , , 21781 2044 16 but but CC 21781 2044 17 alternately alternately RB 21781 2044 18 , , , 21781 2044 19 one one CD 21781 2044 20 to to IN 21781 2044 21 the the DT 21781 2044 22 left left NN 21781 2044 23 , , , 21781 2044 24 then then RB 21781 2044 25 one one CD 21781 2044 26 to to IN 21781 2044 27 the the DT 21781 2044 28 right right NN 21781 2044 29 , , , 21781 2044 30 one one CD 21781 2044 31 to to IN 21781 2044 32 the the DT 21781 2044 33 left left NN 21781 2044 34 , , , 21781 2044 35 one one CD 21781 2044 36 to to IN 21781 2044 37 the the DT 21781 2044 38 right right NN 21781 2044 39 , , , 21781 2044 40 and and CC 21781 2044 41 so so RB 21781 2044 42 on on RB 21781 2044 43 . . . 21781 2045 1 The the DT 21781 2045 2 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2045 3 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2045 4 are be VBP 21781 2045 5 very very RB 21781 2045 6 short short JJ 21781 2045 7 , , , 21781 2045 8 more more RBR 21781 2045 9 numerous numerous JJ 21781 2045 10 than than IN 21781 2045 11 the the DT 21781 2045 12 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2045 13 , , , 21781 2045 14 and and CC 21781 2045 15 never never RB 21781 2045 16 unite unite VB 21781 2045 17 with with IN 21781 2045 18 these these DT 21781 2045 19 latter latter JJ 21781 2045 20 to to TO 21781 2045 21 form form VB 21781 2045 22 mixed mixed JJ 21781 2045 23 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2045 24 . . . 21781 2046 1 The the DT 21781 2046 2 student student NN 21781 2046 3 will will MD 21781 2046 4 observe observe VB 21781 2046 5 that that IN 21781 2046 6 here here RB 21781 2046 7 , , , 21781 2046 8 just just RB 21781 2046 9 as as IN 21781 2046 10 in in IN 21781 2046 11 the the DT 21781 2046 12 case case NN 21781 2046 13 of of IN 21781 2046 14 the the DT 21781 2046 15 ciliated ciliated JJ 21781 2046 16 funnel funnel NN 21781 2046 17 and and CC 21781 2046 18 anus anus NN 21781 2046 19 , , , 21781 2046 20 the the DT 21781 2046 21 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 2046 22 is be VBZ 21781 2046 23 not not RB 21781 2046 24 strictly strictly RB 21781 2046 25 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 21781 2046 26 , , , 21781 2046 27 but but CC 21781 2046 28 twisted twisted JJ 21781 2046 29 , , , 21781 2046 30 as as IN 21781 2046 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2046 32 were be VBD 21781 2046 33 , , , 21781 2046 34 and and CC 21781 2046 35 so so RB 21781 2046 36 departs depart VBZ 21781 2046 37 from from IN 21781 2046 38 the the DT 21781 2046 39 general general JJ 21781 2046 40 rule rule NN 21781 2046 41 of of IN 21781 2046 42 at at IN 21781 2046 43 least least JJS 21781 2046 44 external external JJ 21781 2046 45 bilateral bilateral JJ 21781 2046 46 symmetry symmetry NN 21781 2046 47 obtaining obtain VBG 21781 2046 48 among among IN 21781 2046 49 the the DT 21781 2046 50 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 21781 2046 51 . . . 21781 2047 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2047 2 habitually habitually RB 21781 2047 3 lies lie VBZ 21781 2047 4 on on IN 21781 2047 5 one one CD 21781 2047 6 side side NN 21781 2047 7 in in IN 21781 2047 8 the the DT 21781 2047 9 mud mud NN 21781 2047 10 of of IN 21781 2047 11 the the DT 21781 2047 12 sea sea NN 21781 2047 13 bottom bottom NN 21781 2047 14 , , , 21781 2047 15 and and CC 21781 2047 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2047 17 is be VBZ 21781 2047 18 probable probable JJ 21781 2047 19 that that IN 21781 2047 20 this this DT 21781 2047 21 external external JJ 21781 2047 22 asymmetry asymmetry NN 21781 2047 23 is be VBZ 21781 2047 24 due due JJ 21781 2047 25 to to IN 21781 2047 26 this this DT 21781 2047 27 habit habit NN 21781 2047 28 , , , 21781 2047 29 so so IN 21781 2047 30 that that IN 21781 2047 31 too too RB 21781 2047 32 much much JJ 21781 2047 33 classificatory classificatory JJ 21781 2047 34 importance importance NN 21781 2047 35 must must MD 21781 2047 36 not not RB 21781 2047 37 be be VB 21781 2047 38 attached attach VBN 21781 2047 39 to to IN 21781 2047 40 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2047 41 . . . 21781 2048 1 The the DT 21781 2048 2 soles sol NNS 21781 2048 3 and and CC 21781 2048 4 other other JJ 21781 2048 5 related related JJ 21781 2048 6 fish fish NN 21781 2048 7 , , , 21781 2048 8 for for IN 21781 2048 9 instance instance NN 21781 2048 10 , , , 21781 2048 11 are be VBP 21781 2048 12 twisted twisted JJ 21781 2048 13 and and CC 21781 2048 14 asymmetrical asymmetrical JJ 21781 2048 15 , , , 21781 2048 16 through through IN 21781 2048 17 a a DT 21781 2048 18 similar similar JJ 21781 2048 19 specific specific JJ 21781 2048 20 habit habit NN 21781 2048 21 , , , 21781 2048 22 to to IN 21781 2048 23 such such PDT 21781 2048 24 an an DT 21781 2048 25 extent extent NN 21781 2048 26 that that IN 21781 2048 27 both both DT 21781 2048 28 eyes eye NNS 21781 2048 29 lie lie VBP 21781 2048 30 on on IN 21781 2048 31 one one CD 21781 2048 32 side side NN 21781 2048 33 of of IN 21781 2048 34 the the DT 21781 2048 35 animal animal NN 21781 2048 36 . . . 21781 2049 1 Section section NN 21781 2049 2 9 9 CD 21781 2049 3 . . . 21781 2050 1 No no DT 21781 2050 2 kidney kidney NN 21781 2050 3 on on IN 21781 2050 4 the the DT 21781 2050 5 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2050 6 pattern pattern NN 21781 2050 7 is be VBZ 21781 2050 8 found find VBN 21781 2050 9 , , , 21781 2050 10 but but CC 21781 2050 11 the the DT 21781 2050 12 following follow VBG 21781 2050 13 structures structure NNS 21781 2050 14 have have VBP 21781 2050 15 , , , 21781 2050 16 among among IN 21781 2050 17 others other NNS 21781 2050 18 , , , 21781 2050 19 been be VBN 21781 2050 20 suggested suggest VBN 21781 2050 21 as as IN 21781 2050 22 renal renal JJ 21781 2050 23 organs:-- organs:-- '' 21781 2050 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2050 25 a a LS 21781 2050 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2050 27 Certain certain JJ 21781 2050 28 canals canal NNS 21781 2050 29 , , , 21781 2050 30 the the DT 21781 2050 31 brown brown JJ 21781 2050 32 tubes tube NNS 21781 2050 33 of of IN 21781 2050 34 Lankester Lankester NNP 21781 2050 35 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2050 36 b.t b.t NNP 21781 2050 37 . . NNP 21781 2050 38 L. L. NNP 21781 2050 39 , , , 21781 2050 40 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2050 41 2 2 CD 21781 2050 42 , , , 21781 2050 43 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2050 44 19 19 CD 21781 2050 45 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2050 46 , , , 21781 2050 47 a a DT 21781 2050 48 pair pair NN 21781 2050 49 of of IN 21781 2050 50 pigmented pigment VBN 21781 2050 51 tubes tube NNS 21781 2050 52 opening opening NN 21781 2050 53 into into IN 21781 2050 54 the the DT 21781 2050 55 atrium atrium NN 21781 2050 56 at at IN 21781 2050 57 the the DT 21781 2050 58 hind hind JJ 21781 2050 59 end end NN 21781 2050 60 of of IN 21781 2050 61 the the DT 21781 2050 62 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2050 63 , , , 21781 2050 64 lying lie VBG 21781 2050 65 forward forward RB 21781 2050 66 along along RB 21781 2050 67 by by IN 21781 2050 68 the the DT 21781 2050 69 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2050 70 coelomic coelomic NN 21781 2050 71 canals canal NNS 21781 2050 72 , , , 21781 2050 73 and and CC 21781 2050 74 having have VBG 21781 2050 75 an an DT 21781 2050 76 internal internal JJ 21781 2050 77 opening opening NN 21781 2050 78 also also RB 21781 2050 79 . . . 21781 2051 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2051 2 b b LS 21781 2051 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2051 4 Certain certain JJ 21781 2051 5 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 2051 6 described describe VBN 21781 2051 7 by by IN 21781 2051 8 Weiss Weiss NNP 21781 2051 9 as as IN 21781 2051 10 situated situate VBN 21781 2051 11 in in IN 21781 2051 12 a a DT 21781 2051 13 series series NN 21781 2051 14 along along IN 21781 2051 15 the the DT 21781 2051 16 upper upper JJ 21781 2051 17 corners corner NNS 21781 2051 18 of of IN 21781 2051 19 the the DT 21781 2051 20 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2051 21 cavity cavity NN 21781 2051 22 , , , 21781 2051 23 and and CC 21781 2051 24 communicating communicate VBG 21781 2051 25 , , , 21781 2051 26 after after IN 21781 2051 27 the the DT 21781 2051 28 fashion fashion NN 21781 2051 29 , , , 21781 2051 30 of of IN 21781 2051 31 the the DT 21781 2051 32 " " `` 21781 2051 33 nephridia nephridia NN 21781 2051 34 " " '' 21781 2051 35 of of IN 21781 2051 36 the the DT 21781 2051 37 earthworm earthworm NN 21781 2051 38 , , , 21781 2051 39 with with IN 21781 2051 40 the the DT 21781 2051 41 coelom coelom NN 21781 2051 42 and and CC 21781 2051 43 with with IN 21781 2051 44 the the DT 21781 2051 45 exterior exterior NN 21781 2051 46 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2051 47 or or CC 21781 2051 48 , , , 21781 2051 49 rather rather RB 21781 2051 50 , , , 21781 2051 51 with with IN 21781 2051 52 that that DT 21781 2051 53 portion portion NN 21781 2051 54 of of IN 21781 2051 55 the the DT 21781 2051 56 animal animal NN 21781 2051 57 's 's POS 21781 2051 58 exterior exterior NN 21781 2051 59 enclosed enclose VBD 21781 2051 60 in in RP 21781 2051 61 by by IN 21781 2051 62 the the DT 21781 2051 63 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2051 64 wall wall NN 21781 2051 65 ; ; : 21781 2051 66 compare compare VB 21781 2051 67 Section section NN 21781 2051 68 6 6 CD 21781 2051 69 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2051 70 . . . 21781 2052 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2052 2 c c NN 21781 2052 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2052 4 The the DT 21781 2052 5 general general JJ 21781 2052 6 epithelial epithelial JJ 21781 2052 7 lining lining NN 21781 2052 8 of of IN 21781 2052 9 the the DT 21781 2052 10 atrium atrium NN 21781 2052 11 . . . 21781 2053 1 The the DT 21781 2053 2 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 2053 3 organs organ NNS 21781 2053 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2053 5 Figure figure NN 21781 2053 6 4 4 CD 21781 2053 7 , , , 21781 2053 8 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2053 9 20 20 CD 21781 2053 10 , , , 21781 2053 11 g. g. NNP 21781 2053 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2053 13 are be VBP 21781 2053 14 masses masse NNS 21781 2053 15 of of IN 21781 2053 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2053 17 situated situate VBN 21781 2053 18 in in IN 21781 2053 19 an an DT 21781 2053 20 isolated isolated JJ 21781 2053 21 part part NN 21781 2053 22 of of IN 21781 2053 23 the the DT 21781 2053 24 coelom coelom NN 21781 2053 25 in in IN 21781 2053 26 the the DT 21781 2053 27 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2053 28 folds fold NNS 21781 2053 29 , , , 21781 2053 30 and and CC 21781 2053 31 , , , 21781 2053 32 having have VBG 21781 2053 33 no no DT 21781 2053 34 ducts duct NNS 21781 2053 35 , , , 21781 2053 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2053 37 contents content NNS 21781 2053 38 must must MD 21781 2053 39 escape escape VB 21781 2053 40 into into IN 21781 2053 41 the the DT 21781 2053 42 atrium atrium NN 21781 2053 43 by by IN 21781 2053 44 rupture rupture NN 21781 2053 45 of of IN 21781 2053 46 the the DT 21781 2053 47 body body NN 21781 2053 48 - - HYPH 21781 2053 49 wall wall NN 21781 2053 50 . . . 21781 2054 1 Thence thence NN 21781 2054 2 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2054 3 escape escape VBP 21781 2054 4 either either CC 21781 2054 5 by by IN 21781 2054 6 gill gill JJ 21781 2054 7 - - HYPH 21781 2054 8 slits slit NNS 21781 2054 9 , , , 21781 2054 10 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2054 11 and and CC 21781 2054 12 mouth mouth NN 21781 2054 13 , , , 21781 2054 14 or or CC 21781 2054 15 , , , 21781 2054 16 more more RBR 21781 2054 17 generally generally RB 21781 2054 18 , , , 21781 2054 19 through through IN 21781 2054 20 the the DT 21781 2054 21 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2054 22 pore pore NN 21781 2054 23 . . . 21781 2055 1 The the DT 21781 2055 2 animals animal NNS 21781 2055 3 , , , 21781 2055 4 like like IN 21781 2055 5 all all PDT 21781 2055 6 the the DT 21781 2055 7 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2055 8 , , , 21781 2055 9 are be VBP 21781 2055 10 dioecious dioecious JJ 21781 2055 11 , , , 21781 2055 12 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 2055 13 , , , 21781 2055 14 male male JJ 21781 2055 15 or or CC 21781 2055 16 female female JJ 21781 2055 17 . . . 21781 2056 1 Section section NN 21781 2056 2 10 10 CD 21781 2056 3 . . . 21781 2057 1 The the DT 21781 2057 2 endostyle endostyle NN 21781 2057 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2057 4 end end NN 21781 2057 5 . . . 21781 2058 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2058 2 , , , 21781 2058 3 in in IN 21781 2058 4 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2058 5 3 3 CD 21781 2058 6 and and CC 21781 2058 7 4 4 CD 21781 2058 8 , , , 21781 2058 9 is be VBZ 21781 2058 10 a a DT 21781 2058 11 ciliated ciliated JJ 21781 2058 12 path path NN 21781 2058 13 or or CC 21781 2058 14 groove groove NN 21781 2058 15 on on IN 21781 2058 16 the the DT 21781 2058 17 under under JJ 21781 2058 18 side side NN 21781 2058 19 of of IN 21781 2058 20 the the DT 21781 2058 21 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2058 22 , , , 21781 2058 23 which which WDT 21781 2058 24 is be VBZ 21781 2058 25 generally generally RB 21781 2058 26 supposed suppose VBN 21781 2058 27 to to TO 21781 2058 28 represent represent VB 21781 2058 29 the the DT 21781 2058 30 thyroid thyroid NN 21781 2058 31 gland gland NN 21781 2058 32 of of IN 21781 2058 33 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 21781 2058 34 . . . 21781 2059 1 The the DT 21781 2059 2 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2059 3 thyroid thyroid NN 21781 2059 4 , , , 21781 2059 5 early early RB 21781 2059 6 in in IN 21781 2059 7 development development NN 21781 2059 8 , , , 21781 2059 9 is be VBZ 21781 2059 10 certainly certainly RB 21781 2059 11 an an DT 21781 2059 12 open open JJ 21781 2059 13 and and CC 21781 2059 14 long long JJ 21781 2059 15 narrow narrow JJ 21781 2059 16 groove groove NN 21781 2059 17 in in IN 21781 2059 18 the the DT 21781 2059 19 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2059 20 side side NN 21781 2059 21 of of IN 21781 2059 22 the the DT 21781 2059 23 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2059 24 . . . 21781 2060 1 The the DT 21781 2060 2 hyper hyper JJ 21781 2060 3 - - JJ 21781 2060 4 pharyngeal pharyngeal JJ 21781 2060 5 groove groove NN 21781 2060 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2060 7 h.p h.p NNP 21781 2060 8 . . NNP 21781 2060 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2061 1 has have VBZ 21781 2061 2 been be VBN 21781 2061 3 in in IN 21781 2061 4 the the DT 21781 2061 5 past past NN 21781 2061 6 compared compare VBN 21781 2061 7 to to IN 21781 2061 8 the the DT 21781 2061 9 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 2061 10 body body NN 21781 2061 11 , , , 21781 2061 12 but but CC 21781 2061 13 there there EX 21781 2061 14 is be VBZ 21781 2061 15 little little JJ 21781 2061 16 doubt doubt NN 21781 2061 17 now now RB 21781 2061 18 that that IN 21781 2061 19 this this DT 21781 2061 20 structure structure NN 21781 2061 21 is be VBZ 21781 2061 22 represented represent VBN 21781 2061 23 by by IN 21781 2061 24 the the DT 21781 2061 25 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 2061 26 pit pit NN 21781 2061 27 . . . 21781 2062 1 Section section NN 21781 2062 2 11 11 CD 21781 2062 3 . . . 21781 2063 1 The the DT 21781 2063 2 student student NN 21781 2063 3 is be VBZ 21781 2063 4 advised advise VBN 21781 2063 5 to to TO 21781 2063 6 revise revise VB 21781 2063 7 this this DT 21781 2063 8 chapter chapter NN 21781 2063 9 before before IN 21781 2063 10 proceeding proceeding NN 21781 2063 11 , , , 21781 2063 12 and and CC 21781 2063 13 to to TO 21781 2063 14 schedule schedule VB 21781 2063 15 carefully carefully RB 21781 2063 16 the the DT 21781 2063 17 anatomical anatomical JJ 21781 2063 18 features feature NNS 21781 2063 19 under under IN 21781 2063 20 the the DT 21781 2063 21 headings heading NNS 21781 2063 22 of of IN 21781 2063 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2063 24 1 1 CD 21781 2063 25 . . . 21781 2063 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2064 1 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2064 2 vertebrate vertebrate JJ 21781 2064 3 characters character NNS 21781 2064 4 , , , 21781 2064 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2064 6 2 2 CD 21781 2064 7 . . . 21781 2064 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2065 1 characters character NNS 21781 2065 2 contrasting contrast VBG 21781 2065 3 with with IN 21781 2065 4 the the DT 21781 2065 5 normal normal JJ 21781 2065 6 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2065 7 structure structure NN 21781 2065 8 , , , 21781 2065 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2065 10 3 3 CD 21781 2065 11 . . . 21781 2065 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2066 1 facts fact NNS 21781 2066 2 of of IN 21781 2066 3 doubtful doubtful JJ 21781 2066 4 import import NN 21781 2066 5 , , , 21781 2066 6 with with IN 21781 2066 7 the the DT 21781 2066 8 suggestions suggestion NNS 21781 2066 9 given give VBN 21781 2066 10 in in IN 21781 2066 11 the the DT 21781 2066 12 text text NN 21781 2066 13 written write VBN 21781 2066 14 against against IN 21781 2066 15 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2066 16 . . . 21781 2067 1 2 2 LS 21781 2067 2 . . . 21781 2068 1 _ _ NNP 21781 2068 2 The the DT 21781 2068 3 Development Development NNP 21781 2068 4 of of IN 21781 2068 5 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 2068 6 _ _ NNP 21781 2068 7 Section Section NNP 21781 2068 8 12 12 CD 21781 2068 9 . . . 21781 2069 1 The the DT 21781 2069 2 development development NN 21781 2069 3 of of IN 21781 2069 4 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2069 5 , , , 21781 2069 6 studied study VBN 21781 2069 7 completely completely RB 21781 2069 8 , , , 21781 2069 9 is be VBZ 21781 2069 10 at at IN 21781 2069 11 once once RB 21781 2069 12 one one CD 21781 2069 13 of of IN 21781 2069 14 the the DT 21781 2069 15 most most RBS 21781 2069 16 alluring alluring JJ 21781 2069 17 and and CC 21781 2069 18 difficult difficult JJ 21781 2069 19 tasks task NNS 21781 2069 20 in in IN 21781 2069 21 the the DT 21781 2069 22 way way NN 21781 2069 23 of of IN 21781 2069 24 the the DT 21781 2069 25 zoologist zoologist NN 21781 2069 26 ; ; : 21781 2069 27 but but CC 21781 2069 28 certain certain JJ 21781 2069 29 of of IN 21781 2069 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2069 31 earlier early JJR 21781 2069 32 and and CC 21781 2069 33 most most RBS 21781 2069 34 obvious obvious JJ 21781 2069 35 fasts fast NNS 21781 2069 36 may may MD 21781 2069 37 very very RB 21781 2069 38 conveniently conveniently RB 21781 2069 39 be be VB 21781 2069 40 taken take VBN 21781 2069 41 into into IN 21781 2069 42 consideration consideration NN 21781 2069 43 now now RB 21781 2069 44 . . . 21781 2070 1 Section section NN 21781 2070 2 13 13 CD 21781 2070 3 . . . 21781 2071 1 The the DT 21781 2071 2 phenomena phenomenon NNS 21781 2071 3 of of IN 21781 2071 4 the the DT 21781 2071 5 extrusion extrusion NN 21781 2071 6 of of IN 21781 2071 7 polar polar JJ 21781 2071 8 bodies body NNS 21781 2071 9 and and CC 21781 2071 10 fertilization fertilization NN 21781 2071 11 are be VBP 21781 2071 12 treated treat VBN 21781 2071 13 of of IN 21781 2071 14 later later RB 21781 2071 15 , , , 21781 2071 16 and and CC 21781 2071 17 will will MD 21781 2071 18 , , , 21781 2071 19 therefore therefore RB 21781 2071 20 , , , 21781 2071 21 not not RB 21781 2071 22 be be VB 21781 2071 23 considered consider VBN 21781 2071 24 now now RB 21781 2071 25 . . . 21781 2072 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2072 2 will will MD 21781 2072 3 start start VB 21781 2072 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2072 5 description description NN 21781 2072 6 with with IN 21781 2072 7 an an DT 21781 2072 8 egg egg NN 21781 2072 9 - - HYPH 21781 2072 10 cell cell NN 21781 2072 11 , , , 21781 2072 12 which which WDT 21781 2072 13 has have VBZ 21781 2072 14 escaped escape VBN 21781 2072 15 , , , 21781 2072 16 of of IN 21781 2072 17 course course NN 21781 2072 18 , , , 21781 2072 19 since since IN 21781 2072 20 there there EX 21781 2072 21 are be VBP 21781 2072 22 no no DT 21781 2072 23 genital genital JJ 21781 2072 24 ducts duct NNS 21781 2072 25 , , , 21781 2072 26 by by IN 21781 2072 27 rupture rupture NN 21781 2072 28 of of IN 21781 2072 29 the the DT 21781 2072 30 parent parent NN 21781 2072 31 , , , 21781 2072 32 has have VBZ 21781 2072 33 been be VBN 21781 2072 34 fertilized fertilize VBN 21781 2072 35 by by IN 21781 2072 36 the the DT 21781 2072 37 male male JJ 21781 2072 38 element element NN 21781 2072 39 , , , 21781 2072 40 and and CC 21781 2072 41 is be VBZ 21781 2072 42 about about JJ 21781 2072 43 to to TO 21781 2072 44 develop develop VB 21781 2072 45 into into IN 21781 2072 46 a a DT 21781 2072 47 young young JJ 21781 2072 48 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2072 49 . . . 21781 2073 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2073 2 is be VBZ 21781 2073 3 simply simply RB 21781 2073 4 a a DT 21781 2073 5 single single JJ 21781 2073 6 cell cell NN 21781 2073 7 , , , 21781 2073 8 with with IN 21781 2073 9 some some DT 21781 2073 10 power power NN 21781 2073 11 of of IN 21781 2073 12 amoeboid amoeboid NN 21781 2073 13 motion motion NN 21781 2073 14 , , , 21781 2073 15 a a DT 21781 2073 16 single single JJ 21781 2073 17 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2073 18 and and CC 21781 2073 19 nucleolus nucleolus JJ 21781 2073 20 ; ; : 21781 2073 21 and and CC 21781 2073 22 in in IN 21781 2073 23 amphioxus amphioxus JJ 21781 2073 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2073 25 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2073 26 is be VBZ 21781 2073 27 clear clear JJ 21781 2073 28 and and CC 21781 2073 29 transparent transparent JJ 21781 2073 30 . . . 21781 2074 1 Frequently frequently RB 21781 2074 2 ova ova NNP 21781 2074 3 are be VBP 21781 2074 4 loaded load VBN 21781 2074 5 with with IN 21781 2074 6 granules granule NNS 21781 2074 7 of of IN 21781 2074 8 food food NN 21781 2074 9 store store NN 21781 2074 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2074 11 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2074 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2074 13 , , , 21781 2074 14 which which WDT 21781 2074 15 enable enable VBP 21781 2074 16 the the DT 21781 2074 17 young young JJ 21781 2074 18 animal animal NN 21781 2074 19 to to TO 21781 2074 20 go go VB 21781 2074 21 far far RB 21781 2074 22 with with IN 21781 2074 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2074 24 development development NN 21781 2074 25 before before IN 21781 2074 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2074 27 is be VBZ 21781 2074 28 hatched hatch VBN 21781 2074 29 and and CC 21781 2074 30 has have VBZ 21781 2074 31 to to TO 21781 2074 32 begin begin VB 21781 2074 33 fending fend VBG 21781 2074 34 for for IN 21781 2074 35 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 2074 36 . . . 21781 2075 1 Such such PDT 21781 2075 2 an an DT 21781 2075 3 ovum ovum NN 21781 2075 4 as as IN 21781 2075 5 that that DT 21781 2075 6 of of IN 21781 2075 7 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2075 8 present present JJ 21781 2075 9 type type NN 21781 2075 10 , , , 21781 2075 11 however however RB 21781 2075 12 being be VBG 21781 2075 13 devoid devoid JJ 21781 2075 14 of of IN 21781 2075 15 such such JJ 21781 2075 16 yolk yolk NN 21781 2075 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2075 18 alecithal alecithal NNP 21781 2075 19 = = NFP 21781 2075 20 without without IN 21781 2075 21 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2075 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2075 23 , , , 21781 2075 24 necessitates necessitate VBZ 21781 2075 25 a a DT 21781 2075 26 very very RB 21781 2075 27 early early JJ 21781 2075 28 start start NN 21781 2075 29 in in IN 21781 2075 30 life life NN 21781 2075 31 , , , 21781 2075 32 and and CC 21781 2075 33 , , , 21781 2075 34 for for IN 21781 2075 35 reasons reason NNS 21781 2075 36 too too RB 21781 2075 37 complicated complicated JJ 21781 2075 38 to to IN 21781 2075 39 state state NN 21781 2075 40 fully fully RB 21781 2075 41 here here RB 21781 2075 42 , , , 21781 2075 43 the the DT 21781 2075 44 development development NN 21781 2075 45 in in IN 21781 2075 46 such such PDT 21781 2075 47 a a DT 21781 2075 48 case case NN 21781 2075 49 is be VBZ 21781 2075 50 considered consider VBN 21781 2075 51 particularly particularly RB 21781 2075 52 instructive instructive JJ 21781 2075 53 and and CC 21781 2075 54 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2075 55 by by IN 21781 2075 56 zoologists zoologist NNS 21781 2075 57 . . . 21781 2076 1 Section section NN 21781 2076 2 14 14 CD 21781 2076 3 . . . 21781 2077 1 The the DT 21781 2077 2 first first JJ 21781 2077 3 thing thing NN 21781 2077 4 to to TO 21781 2077 5 be be VB 21781 2077 6 seen see VBN 21781 2077 7 in in IN 21781 2077 8 the the DT 21781 2077 9 developing develop VBG 21781 2077 10 cell cell NN 21781 2077 11 is be VBZ 21781 2077 12 a a DT 21781 2077 13 deepening deepen VBG 21781 2077 14 circular circular JJ 21781 2077 15 groove groove NN 21781 2077 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2077 17 Figure figure NN 21781 2077 18 1 1 CD 21781 2077 19 , , , 21781 2077 20 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2077 21 21 21 CD 21781 2077 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2077 23 , , , 21781 2077 24 which which WDT 21781 2077 25 divides divide VBZ 21781 2077 26 the the DT 21781 2077 27 ovum ovum NN 21781 2077 28 into into IN 21781 2077 29 two two CD 21781 2077 30 parts part NNS 21781 2077 31 . . . 21781 2078 1 Another another DT 21781 2078 2 groove groove NN 21781 2078 3 then then RB 21781 2078 4 cuts cut VBZ 21781 2078 5 at at IN 21781 2078 6 right right JJ 21781 2078 7 angles angle NNS 21781 2078 8 to to IN 21781 2078 9 this this DT 21781 2078 10 subdividing subdivide VBG 21781 2078 11 the the DT 21781 2078 12 two two CD 21781 2078 13 into into IN 21781 2078 14 four four CD 21781 2078 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2078 16 Figure figure NN 21781 2078 17 2 2 CD 21781 2078 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2078 19 . . . 21781 2079 1 Another another DT 21781 2079 2 groove groove NN 21781 2079 3 , , , 21781 2079 4 at at IN 21781 2079 5 right right JJ 21781 2079 6 angles angle NNS 21781 2079 7 to to IN 21781 2079 8 both both DT 21781 2079 9 the the DT 21781 2079 10 former former JJ 21781 2079 11 , , , 21781 2079 12 follows follow VBZ 21781 2079 13 , , , 21781 2079 14 making make VBG 21781 2079 15 the the DT 21781 2079 16 four four CD 21781 2079 17 eight eight CD 21781 2079 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2079 19 Figure figure NN 21781 2079 20 3 3 CD 21781 2079 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2079 22 . . . 21781 2080 1 And and CC 21781 2080 2 so so RB 21781 2080 3 subdivision subdivision NN 21781 2080 4 goes go VBZ 21781 2080 5 on on RP 21781 2080 6 . . . 21781 2081 1 The the DT 21781 2081 2 whole whole JJ 21781 2081 3 process process NN 21781 2081 4 is be VBZ 21781 2081 5 called call VBN 21781 2081 6 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2081 7 or or CC 21781 2081 8 cleavage cleavage NN 21781 2081 9 . . . 21781 2082 1 Section section NN 21781 2082 2 15 15 CD 21781 2082 3 . . . 21781 2083 1 At at IN 21781 2083 2 the the DT 21781 2083 3 end end NN 21781 2083 4 of of IN 21781 2083 5 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2083 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2083 7 get get VBP 21781 2083 8 a a DT 21781 2083 9 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2083 10 sphere sphere NN 21781 2083 11 of of IN 21781 2083 12 small small JJ 21781 2083 13 cells cell NNS 21781 2083 14 , , , 21781 2083 15 the the DT 21781 2083 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2083 17 separating separate VBG 21781 2083 18 from from IN 21781 2083 19 one one CD 21781 2083 20 another another DT 21781 2083 21 centrally centrally RB 21781 2083 22 and and CC 21781 2083 23 enclosing enclose VBG 21781 2083 24 a a DT 21781 2083 25 cavity cavity NN 21781 2083 26 as as IN 21781 2083 27 the the DT 21781 2083 28 process process NN 21781 2083 29 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 2083 30 . . . 21781 2084 1 This this DT 21781 2084 2 is be VBZ 21781 2084 3 the the DT 21781 2084 4 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2084 5 , , , 21781 2084 6 shown show VBN 21781 2084 7 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 21781 2084 8 in in IN 21781 2084 9 Figure figure NN 21781 2084 10 4 4 CD 21781 2084 11 , , , 21781 2084 12 and and CC 21781 2084 13 of of IN 21781 2084 14 which which WDT 21781 2084 15 an an DT 21781 2084 16 internal internal JJ 21781 2084 17 view view NN 21781 2084 18 , , , 21781 2084 19 rather rather RB 21781 2084 20 truer truer VB 21781 2084 21 to to IN 21781 2084 22 the the DT 21781 2084 23 facts fact NNS 21781 2084 24 of of IN 21781 2084 25 the the DT 21781 2084 26 case case NN 21781 2084 27 as as IN 21781 2084 28 regards regard VBZ 21781 2084 29 shape shape NN 21781 2084 30 , , , 21781 2084 31 is be VBZ 21781 2084 32 given give VBN 21781 2084 33 as as IN 21781 2084 34 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2084 35 5 5 CD 21781 2084 36 . . . 21781 2085 1 The the DT 21781 2085 2 central central JJ 21781 2085 3 cavity cavity NN 21781 2085 4 is be VBZ 21781 2085 5 the the DT 21781 2085 6 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2085 7 cavity cavity NN 21781 2085 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2085 9 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2085 10 . . NNP 21781 2085 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2085 12 . . . 21781 2086 1 Section section NN 21781 2086 2 16 16 CD 21781 2086 3 . . . 21781 2087 1 Invagination invagination NN 21781 2087 2 follows follow VBZ 21781 2087 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2087 4 Figure figure NN 21781 2087 5 6 6 CD 21781 2087 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2087 7 . . . 21781 2088 1 In in IN 21781 2088 2 this this DT 21781 2088 3 process process NN 21781 2088 4 a a DT 21781 2088 5 portion portion NN 21781 2088 6 of of IN 21781 2088 7 the the DT 21781 2088 8 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2088 9 wall wall NN 21781 2088 10 is be VBZ 21781 2088 11 the the DT 21781 2088 12 tucked tuck VBN 21781 2088 13 into into IN 21781 2088 14 the the DT 21781 2088 15 rest rest NN 21781 2088 16 , , , 21781 2088 17 as as IN 21781 2088 18 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2088 19 by by IN 21781 2088 20 the the DT 21781 2088 21 arrow arrow NN 21781 2088 22 , , , 21781 2088 23 so so IN 21781 2088 24 that that IN 21781 2088 25 a a DT 21781 2088 26 two two CD 21781 2088 27 - - HYPH 21781 2088 28 layered layered JJ 21781 2088 29 sack sack NN 21781 2088 30 is be VBZ 21781 2088 31 formed form VBN 21781 2088 32 . . . 21781 2089 1 The the DT 21781 2089 2 space space NN 21781 2089 3 ar ar NN 21781 2089 4 . . . 21781 2090 1 is be VBZ 21781 2090 2 the the DT 21781 2090 3 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2090 4 , , , 21781 2090 5 the the DT 21781 2090 6 primordial primordial JJ 21781 2090 7 intestine intestine NN 21781 2090 8 , , , 21781 2090 9 and and CC 21781 2090 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2090 11 mouth mouth NN 21781 2090 12 is be VBZ 21781 2090 13 called call VBN 21781 2090 14 , , , 21781 2090 15 the the DT 21781 2090 16 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2090 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2090 18 bp bp NNP 21781 2090 19 . . . 21781 2090 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2090 21 . . . 21781 2091 1 The the DT 21781 2091 2 outer outer JJ 21781 2091 3 layer layer NN 21781 2091 4 of of IN 21781 2091 5 this this DT 21781 2091 6 double double JJ 21781 2091 7 - - HYPH 21781 2091 8 walled walled JJ 21781 2091 9 sac sac NN 21781 2091 10 is be VBZ 21781 2091 11 called call VBN 21781 2091 12 the the DT 21781 2091 13 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2091 14 . . . 21781 2092 1 For for IN 21781 2092 2 the the DT 21781 2092 3 present present NN 21781 2092 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2092 5 will will MD 21781 2092 6 give give VB 21781 2092 7 the the DT 21781 2092 8 inner inner JJ 21781 2092 9 lining line VBG 21781 2092 10 no no DT 21781 2092 11 special special JJ 21781 2092 12 term term NN 21781 2092 13 . . . 21781 2093 1 The the DT 21781 2093 2 young young JJ 21781 2093 3 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2093 4 has have VBZ 21781 2093 5 , , , 21781 2093 6 at at IN 21781 2093 7 this this DT 21781 2093 8 stage stage NN 21781 2093 9 , , , 21781 2093 10 which which WDT 21781 2093 11 is be VBZ 21781 2093 12 called call VBN 21781 2093 13 the the DT 21781 2093 14 gastrula gastrula NNP 21781 2093 15 stage stage NN 21781 2093 16 , , , 21781 2093 17 a a DT 21781 2093 18 curious curious JJ 21781 2093 19 parallelism parallelism NN 21781 2093 20 with with IN 21781 2093 21 such such PDT 21781 2093 22 a a DT 21781 2093 23 lowly lowly JJ 21781 2093 24 form form NN 21781 2093 25 as as IN 21781 2093 26 the the DT 21781 2093 27 Hydra Hydra NNP 21781 2093 28 of of IN 21781 2093 29 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2093 30 ditches ditch NNS 21781 2093 31 . . . 21781 2094 1 This this DT 21781 2094 2 latter latter JJ 21781 2094 3 creature creature NN 21781 2094 4 , , , 21781 2094 5 like like IN 21781 2094 6 the the DT 21781 2094 7 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2094 8 , , , 21781 2094 9 consists consist VBZ 21781 2094 10 essentially essentially RB 21781 2094 11 of of IN 21781 2094 12 two two CD 21781 2094 13 layers layer NNS 21781 2094 14 of of IN 21781 2094 15 cells cell NNS 21781 2094 16 , , , 21781 2094 17 an an DT 21781 2094 18 outer outer JJ 21781 2094 19 protective protective JJ 21781 2094 20 and and CC 21781 2094 21 sensory sensory JJ 21781 2094 22 layer layer NN 21781 2094 23 , , , 21781 2094 24 and and CC 21781 2094 25 an an DT 21781 2094 26 inner inner JJ 21781 2094 27 digestive digestive JJ 21781 2094 28 one one NN 21781 2094 29 ; ; : 21781 2094 30 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2094 31 has have VBZ 21781 2094 32 a a DT 21781 2094 33 primordial primordial JJ 21781 2094 34 intestine intestine NN 21781 2094 35 , , , 21781 2094 36 or or CC 21781 2094 37 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2094 38 , , , 21781 2094 39 and and CC 21781 2094 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2094 41 mouth mouth NN 21781 2094 42 is be VBZ 21781 2094 43 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 2094 44 regarded regard VBN 21781 2094 45 as as IN 21781 2094 46 being be VBG 21781 2094 47 a a DT 21781 2094 48 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2094 49 . . . 21781 2095 1 All all DT 21781 2095 2 animals animal NNS 21781 2095 3 that that WDT 21781 2095 4 have have VBP 21781 2095 5 little little JJ 21781 2095 6 yolk yolk NN 21781 2095 7 , , , 21781 2095 8 and and CC 21781 2095 9 start start VB 21781 2095 10 early early RB 21781 2095 11 in in IN 21781 2095 12 life life NN 21781 2095 13 for for IN 21781 2095 14 themselves -PRON- PRP 21781 2095 15 , , , 21781 2095 16 pass pass VBP 21781 2095 17 through through RP 21781 2095 18 a a DT 21781 2095 19 gastrula gastrula JJ 21781 2095 20 stage stage NN 21781 2095 21 , , , 21781 2095 22 substantially substantially RB 21781 2095 23 the the DT 21781 2095 24 same same JJ 21781 2095 25 as as IN 21781 2095 26 this this DT 21781 2095 27 of of IN 21781 2095 28 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2095 29 . . . 21781 2096 1 Section section NN 21781 2096 2 17 17 CD 21781 2096 3 . . . 21781 2097 1 The the DT 21781 2097 2 anus anus NN 21781 2097 3 is be VBZ 21781 2097 4 perforated perforate VBN 21781 2097 5 later later RB 21781 2097 6 near near IN 21781 2097 7 the the DT 21781 2097 8 region region NN 21781 2097 9 occupied occupy VBN 21781 2097 10 at at IN 21781 2097 11 this this DT 21781 2097 12 stage stage NN 21781 2097 13 by by IN 21781 2097 14 the the DT 21781 2097 15 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2097 16 . . . 21781 2098 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2098 2 the the DT 21781 2098 3 anterior anterior JJ 21781 2098 4 end end NN 21781 2098 5 of of IN 21781 2098 6 the the DT 21781 2098 7 future future NN 21781 2098 8 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2098 9 , , , 21781 2098 10 the the DT 21781 2098 11 head head NN 21781 2098 12 end end NN 21781 2098 13 , , , 21781 2098 14 is be VBZ 21781 2098 15 pointing point VBG 21781 2098 16 towards towards IN 21781 2098 17 the the DT 21781 2098 18 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2098 19 6 6 CD 21781 2098 20 , , , 21781 2098 21 and and CC 21781 2098 22 the the DT 21781 2098 23 letters letter NNS 21781 2098 24 ep ep VBP 21781 2098 25 . . . 21781 2099 1 are be VBP 21781 2099 2 marked mark VBN 21781 2099 3 on on IN 21781 2099 4 the the DT 21781 2099 5 side side NN 21781 2099 6 which which WDT 21781 2099 7 will will MD 21781 2099 8 be be VB 21781 2099 9 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2099 10 . . . 21781 2100 1 Section section NN 21781 2100 2 18 18 CD 21781 2100 3 . . . 21781 2101 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2101 2 7 7 CD 21781 2101 3 i. i. NN 21781 2101 4 is be VBZ 21781 2101 5 a a DT 21781 2101 6 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2101 7 view view NN 21781 2101 8 of of IN 21781 2101 9 the the DT 21781 2101 10 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2101 11 at at IN 21781 2101 12 a a DT 21781 2101 13 somewhat somewhat RB 21781 2101 14 later later JJ 21781 2101 15 stage stage NN 21781 2101 16 , , , 21781 2101 17 and and CC 21781 2101 18 here here RB 21781 2101 19 indications indication NNS 21781 2101 20 of of IN 21781 2101 21 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2101 22 vertebrate vertebrate JJ 21781 2101 23 relationships relationship NNS 21781 2101 24 already already RB 21781 2101 25 appear appear VBP 21781 2101 26 . . . 21781 2102 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2102 2 7 7 CD 21781 2102 3 ii ii CD 21781 2102 4 . . . 21781 2103 1 is be VBZ 21781 2103 2 a a DT 21781 2103 3 cross cross JJ 21781 2103 4 - - NN 21781 2103 5 section section NN 21781 2103 6 , , , 21781 2103 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2103 8 position position NN 21781 2103 9 , , , 21781 2103 10 being be VBG 21781 2103 11 shown show VBN 21781 2103 12 by by IN 21781 2103 13 cross cross NN 21781 2103 14 - - NNS 21781 2103 15 lines line NNS 21781 2103 16 in in IN 21781 2103 17 7 7 CD 21781 2103 18 i. i. NNP 21781 2103 19 and and CC 21781 2103 20 6 6 CD 21781 2103 21 . . . 21781 2104 1 Note note VB 21781 2104 2 first first RB 21781 2104 3 that that IN 21781 2104 4 the the DT 21781 2104 5 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2104 6 along along IN 21781 2104 7 the the DT 21781 2104 8 mid mid JJ 21781 2104 9 - - JJ 21781 2104 10 dorsal dorsal JJ 21781 2104 11 line line NN 21781 2104 12 is be VBZ 21781 2104 13 sinking sink VBG 21781 2104 14 in in RP 21781 2104 15 to to TO 21781 2104 16 form form VB 21781 2104 17 what what WP 21781 2104 18 is be VBZ 21781 2104 19 called call VBN 21781 2104 20 the the DT 21781 2104 21 neural neural JJ 21781 2104 22 plate plate NNP 21781 2104 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2104 24 n.p n.p NNP 21781 2104 25 . . . 21781 2105 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2105 2 , , , 21781 2105 3 and and CC 21781 2105 4 simultaneously simultaneously RB 21781 2105 5 on on IN 21781 2105 6 either either DT 21781 2105 7 side side NN 21781 2105 8 of of IN 21781 2105 9 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2105 10 rise rise VB 21781 2105 11 the the DT 21781 2105 12 neural neural JJ 21781 2105 13 folds fold NNS 21781 2105 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2105 15 n.f n.f NNP 21781 2105 16 . . NNP 21781 2105 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2105 18 . . . 21781 2106 1 Now now RB 21781 2106 2 , , , 21781 2106 3 at at IN 21781 2106 4 Figure figure NN 21781 2106 5 8 8 CD 21781 2106 6 , , , 21781 2106 7 a a DT 21781 2106 8 slightly slightly RB 21781 2106 9 later later JJ 21781 2106 10 stage stage NN 21781 2106 11 is be VBZ 21781 2106 12 represented represent VBN 21781 2106 13 , , , 21781 2106 14 and and CC 21781 2106 15 at at IN 21781 2106 16 9 9 CD 21781 2106 17 i. i. NN 21781 2106 18 the the DT 21781 2106 19 inturned inturned JJ 21781 2106 20 part part NN 21781 2106 21 is be VBZ 21781 2106 22 separated separate VBN 21781 2106 23 from from IN 21781 2106 24 the the DT 21781 2106 25 general general JJ 21781 2106 26 external external JJ 21781 2106 27 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2106 28 as as IN 21781 2106 29 the the DT 21781 2106 30 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2106 31 cord cord NN 21781 2106 32 . . . 21781 2107 1 The the DT 21781 2107 2 remainder remainder NN 21781 2107 3 of of IN 21781 2107 4 the the DT 21781 2107 5 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2107 6 constitutes constitute VBZ 21781 2107 7 the the DT 21781 2107 8 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 2107 9 . . . 21781 2108 1 Section section NN 21781 2108 2 19 19 CD 21781 2108 3 . . . 21781 2109 1 Reverting revert VBG 21781 2109 2 to to IN 21781 2109 3 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2109 4 7 7 CD 21781 2109 5 ii ii NNP 21781 2109 6 . . . 21781 2109 7 , , , 21781 2109 8 along along IN 21781 2109 9 the the DT 21781 2109 10 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2109 11 side side NN 21781 2109 12 of of IN 21781 2109 13 the the DT 21781 2109 14 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2109 15 a a DT 21781 2109 16 thickening thickening NN 21781 2109 17 of of IN 21781 2109 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2109 19 wall wall NN 21781 2109 20 appears appear VBZ 21781 2109 21 , , , 21781 2109 22 and and CC 21781 2109 23 is be VBZ 21781 2109 24 gradually gradually RB 21781 2109 25 pinched pinch VBN 21781 2109 26 off off RP 21781 2109 27 from from IN 21781 2109 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2109 29 to to TO 21781 2109 30 form form VB 21781 2109 31 a a DT 21781 2109 32 cellular cellular JJ 21781 2109 33 rod rod NN 21781 2109 34 , , , 21781 2109 35 lying lie VBG 21781 2109 36 along along IN 21781 2109 37 under under IN 21781 2109 38 the the DT 21781 2109 39 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2109 40 axis axi NNS 21781 2109 41 and and CC 21781 2109 42 above above IN 21781 2109 43 the the DT 21781 2109 44 intestine intestine NN 21781 2109 45 . . . 21781 2110 1 This this DT 21781 2110 2 is be VBZ 21781 2110 3 the the DT 21781 2110 4 notochord notochord NN 21781 2110 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2110 6 compare compare VB 21781 2110 7 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2110 8 8 8 CD 21781 2110 9 and and CC 21781 2110 10 9 9 CD 21781 2110 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2110 12 . . . 21781 2111 1 Section section NN 21781 2111 2 20 20 CD 21781 2111 3 . . . 21781 2112 1 Finally finally RB 21781 2112 2 , , , 21781 2112 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2112 4 note note VBP 21781 2112 5 two two CD 21781 2112 6 series series NN 21781 2112 7 of of IN 21781 2112 8 buds bud NNS 21781 2112 9 of of IN 21781 2112 10 cells cell NNS 21781 2112 11 , , , 21781 2112 12 one one CD 21781 2112 13 on on IN 21781 2112 14 either either DT 21781 2112 15 side side NN 21781 2112 16 of of IN 21781 2112 17 the the DT 21781 2112 18 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2112 19 in in IN 21781 2112 20 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2112 21 7 7 CD 21781 2112 22 ii ii CD 21781 2112 23 . . . 21781 2113 1 In in IN 21781 2113 2 8 8 CD 21781 2113 3 these these DT 21781 2113 4 buds bud NNS 21781 2113 5 have have VBP 21781 2113 6 become become VBN 21781 2113 7 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2113 8 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 2113 9 , , , 21781 2113 10 growing grow VBG 21781 2113 11 out out RP 21781 2113 12 from from IN 21781 2113 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2113 14 , , , 21781 2113 15 the the DT 21781 2113 16 coelomic coelomic NN 21781 2113 17 pouches pouch VBZ 21781 2113 18 . . . 21781 2114 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 2114 2 are be VBP 21781 2114 3 further further RB 21781 2114 4 developed develop VBN 21781 2114 5 in in IN 21781 2114 6 9 9 CD 21781 2114 7 ; ; : 21781 2114 8 and and CC 21781 2114 9 in in IN 21781 2114 10 9 9 CD 21781 2114 11 ii ii NNP 21781 2114 12 . . NNP 21781 2114 13 , , , 21781 2114 14 which which WDT 21781 2114 15 is be VBZ 21781 2114 16 a a DT 21781 2114 17 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2114 18 figure figure NN 21781 2114 19 , , , 21781 2114 20 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2114 21 are be VBP 21781 2114 22 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2114 23 by by IN 21781 2114 24 dotted dotted JJ 21781 2114 25 lines line NNS 21781 2114 26 . . . 21781 2115 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 2115 2 finally finally RB 21781 2115 3 appear appear VBP 21781 2115 4 to to IN 21781 2115 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2115 6 ? ? . 21781 2116 1 entirely entirely RB 21781 2116 2 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2116 3 obliterate obliterate VBP 21781 2116 4 the the DT 21781 2116 5 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2116 6 cavity-- cavity-- NN 21781 2116 7 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2116 8 certainly certainly RB 21781 2116 9 do do VBP 21781 2116 10 so so RB 21781 2116 11 throughout throughout IN 21781 2116 12 the the DT 21781 2116 13 body body NN 21781 2116 14 ; ; : 21781 2116 15 and and CC 21781 2116 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2116 17 cavities cavity NNS 21781 2116 18 are be VBP 21781 2116 19 in in IN 21781 2116 20 time time NN 21781 2116 21 cut cut VBN 21781 2116 22 off off RP 21781 2116 23 from from IN 21781 2116 24 the the DT 21781 2116 25 mesenteron mesenteron NN 21781 2116 26 , , , 21781 2116 27 by by IN 21781 2116 28 the the DT 21781 2116 29 gradual gradual JJ 21781 2116 30 constriction constriction NN 21781 2116 31 of of IN 21781 2116 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2116 33 openings opening NNS 21781 2116 34 . . . 21781 2117 1 In in IN 21781 2117 2 this this DT 21781 2117 3 way way NN 21781 2117 4 the the DT 21781 2117 5 coelom coelom JJ 21781 2117 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2117 7 body body NN 21781 2117 8 cavity cavity NN 21781 2117 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2117 10 arises arise VBZ 21781 2117 11 as as IN 21781 2117 12 a a DT 21781 2117 13 series series NN 21781 2117 14 of of IN 21781 2117 15 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2117 16 " " `` 21781 2117 17 archenteric archenteric JJ 21781 2117 18 " " '' 21781 2117 19 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 2117 20 , , , 21781 2117 21 and and CC 21781 2117 22 ms ms NNP 21781 2117 23 . . NNP 21781 2117 24 becomes become VBZ 21781 2117 25 the the DT 21781 2117 26 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2117 27 canal canal NN 21781 2117 28 . . . 21781 2118 1 mt.c mt.c NNP 21781 2118 2 . . . 21781 2118 3 , , , 21781 2118 4 the the DT 21781 2118 5 metapleural metapleural JJ 21781 2118 6 canals canal NNS 21781 2118 7 , , , 21781 2118 8 probably probably RB 21781 2118 9 arise arise VBP 21781 2118 10 subsequently subsequently RB 21781 2118 11 to to IN 21781 2118 12 , , , 21781 2118 13 and and CC 21781 2118 14 independently independently RB 21781 2118 15 of of IN 21781 2118 16 , , , 21781 2118 17 the the DT 21781 2118 18 general general JJ 21781 2118 19 coelomic coelomic JJ 21781 2118 20 space space NN 21781 2118 21 , , , 21781 2118 22 by by IN 21781 2118 23 a a DT 21781 2118 24 splitting splitting NN 21781 2118 25 in in IN 21781 2118 26 the the DT 21781 2118 27 body body NN 21781 2118 28 - - HYPH 21781 2118 29 wall wall NN 21781 2118 30 substance substance NN 21781 2118 31 . . . 21781 2119 1 Section section NN 21781 2119 2 21 21 CD 21781 2119 3 . . . 21781 2120 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2120 2 , , , 21781 2120 3 in in IN 21781 2120 4 considering consider VBG 21781 2120 5 the the DT 21781 2120 6 structure structure NN 21781 2120 7 of of IN 21781 2120 8 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2120 9 , , , 21781 2120 10 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2120 11 have have VBP 21781 2120 12 three three CD 21781 2120 13 series serie NNS 21781 2120 14 of of IN 21781 2120 15 cells cell NNS 21781 2120 16 from from IN 21781 2120 17 which which WDT 21781 2120 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2120 19 tissues tissue NNS 21781 2120 20 are be VBP 21781 2120 21 developed:-- developed:-- SYM 21781 2120 22 1 1 CD 21781 2120 23 . . . 21781 2121 1 The the DT 21781 2121 2 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2121 3 . . . 21781 2122 1 2 2 LS 21781 2122 2 . . . 21781 2123 1 Walls wall NNS 21781 2123 2 of of IN 21781 2123 3 the the DT 21781 2123 4 coelomic coelomic NN 21781 2123 5 pouches pouch NNS 21781 2123 6 , , , 21781 2123 7 which which WDT 21781 2123 8 form form NN 21781 2123 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2123 10 a a LS 21781 2123 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2123 12 an an DT 21781 2123 13 inner inner JJ 21781 2123 14 lining lining NN 21781 2123 15 to to IN 21781 2123 16 the the DT 21781 2123 17 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2123 18 , , , 21781 2123 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2123 20 b b LS 21781 2123 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2123 22 an an DT 21781 2123 23 outer outer JJ 21781 2123 24 coating coating NN 21781 2123 25 to to IN 21781 2123 26 the the DT 21781 2123 27 hypoblast hypoblast NN 21781 2123 28 , , , 21781 2123 29 and and CC 21781 2123 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2123 31 c c NN 21781 2123 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2123 33 the the DT 21781 2123 34 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 2123 35 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2123 36 m. m. NN 21781 2123 37 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2123 38 , , , 21781 2123 39 by by IN 21781 2123 40 which which WDT 21781 2123 41 the the DT 21781 2123 42 intestine intestine NN 21781 2123 43 is be VBZ 21781 2123 44 supported support VBN 21781 2123 45 . . . 21781 2124 1 This this DT 21781 2124 2 is be VBZ 21781 2124 3 the the DT 21781 2124 4 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2124 5 . . . 21781 2125 1 3 3 LS 21781 2125 2 . . . 21781 2126 1 The the DT 21781 2126 2 lining lining NN 21781 2126 3 of of IN 21781 2126 4 the the DT 21781 2126 5 mesenteron mesenteron NN 21781 2126 6 , , , 21781 2126 7 or or CC 21781 2126 8 hypoblast hypoblast JJ 21781 2126 9 . . . 21781 2127 1 From from IN 21781 2127 2 the the DT 21781 2127 3 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2127 4 the the DT 21781 2127 5 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 2127 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2127 7 not not RB 21781 2127 8 the the DT 21781 2127 9 dermis dermis NN 21781 2127 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2127 11 , , , 21781 2127 12 the the DT 21781 2127 13 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2127 14 system system NN 21781 2127 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2127 16 including include VBG 21781 2127 17 the the DT 21781 2127 18 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2127 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2127 20 , , , 21781 2127 21 and and CC 21781 2127 22 the the DT 21781 2127 23 sensory sensory JJ 21781 2127 24 part part NN 21781 2127 25 of of IN 21781 2127 26 all all DT 21781 2127 27 sense sense NN 21781 2127 28 organs organ NNS 21781 2127 29 are be VBP 21781 2127 30 derived derive VBN 21781 2127 31 . . . 21781 2128 1 From from IN 21781 2128 2 the the DT 21781 2128 3 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2128 4 the the DT 21781 2128 5 muscles muscle NNS 21781 2128 6 , , , 21781 2128 7 the the DT 21781 2128 8 dermis dermis NNP 21781 2128 9 genital genital JJ 21781 2128 10 and and CC 21781 2128 11 excretory excretory JJ 21781 2128 12 organs organ NNS 21781 2128 13 , , , 21781 2128 14 circulatory circulatory JJ 21781 2128 15 fluid fluid NN 21781 2128 16 and and CC 21781 2128 17 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 2128 18 , , , 21781 2128 19 any any DT 21781 2128 20 skeletal skeletal JJ 21781 2128 21 structures structure NNS 21781 2128 22 ; ; : 21781 2128 23 and and CC 21781 2128 24 all all DT 21781 2128 25 connective connective JJ 21781 2128 26 tissue tissue NN 21781 2128 27 are be VBP 21781 2128 28 derived derive VBN 21781 2128 29 . . . 21781 2129 1 The the DT 21781 2129 2 mass mass NN 21781 2129 3 of of IN 21781 2129 4 the the DT 21781 2129 5 body body NN 21781 2129 6 is be VBZ 21781 2129 7 thus thus RB 21781 2129 8 evidently evidently RB 21781 2129 9 made make VBN 21781 2129 10 of of IN 21781 2129 11 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2129 12 . . . 21781 2130 1 The the DT 21781 2130 2 hypoblast hypoblast NN 21781 2130 3 is be VBZ 21781 2130 4 the the DT 21781 2130 5 lining lining NN 21781 2130 6 of of IN 21781 2130 7 the the DT 21781 2130 8 intestine intestine NN 21781 2130 9 and and CC 21781 2130 10 of of IN 21781 2130 11 the the DT 21781 2130 12 glands gland NNS 21781 2130 13 which which WDT 21781 2130 14 open open VBP 21781 2130 15 into into IN 21781 2130 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2130 17 ; ; : 21781 2130 18 and and CC 21781 2130 19 the the DT 21781 2130 20 material material NN 21781 2130 21 of of IN 21781 2130 22 the the DT 21781 2130 23 notochord notochord NN 21781 2130 24 is be VBZ 21781 2130 25 also also RB 21781 2130 26 regarded regard VBN 21781 2130 27 , , , 21781 2130 28 as as RB 21781 2130 29 hypoblast hypoblast JJ 21781 2130 30 . . . 21781 2131 1 Section section NN 21781 2131 2 22 22 CD 21781 2131 3 . . . 21781 2132 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2132 2 9 9 CD 21781 2132 3 ii ii CD 21781 2132 4 . . . 21781 2133 1 shows show VBZ 21781 2133 2 all all PDT 21781 2133 3 the the DT 21781 2133 4 essential essential JJ 21781 2133 5 points point NNS 21781 2133 6 of of IN 21781 2133 7 the the DT 21781 2133 8 structure structure NN 21781 2133 9 of of IN 21781 2133 10 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2133 11 . . . 21781 2134 1 Epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2134 2 is be VBZ 21781 2134 3 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2134 4 by by IN 21781 2134 5 a a DT 21781 2134 6 line line NN 21781 2134 7 of of IN 21781 2134 8 dashes dash NNS 21781 2134 9 , , , 21781 2134 10 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2134 11 by by IN 21781 2134 12 dots dot NNS 21781 2134 13 , , , 21781 2134 14 and and CC 21781 2134 15 hypoblast hypoblast JJ 21781 2134 16 , , , 21781 2134 17 dark dark JJ 21781 2134 18 or or CC 21781 2134 19 black black JJ 21781 2134 20 . . . 21781 2135 1 The the DT 21781 2135 2 true true JJ 21781 2135 3 mouth mouth NN 21781 2135 4 is be VBZ 21781 2135 5 formed form VBN 21781 2135 6 late late RB 21781 2135 7 by by IN 21781 2135 8 a a DT 21781 2135 9 tucking tucking NN 21781 2135 10 - - HYPH 21781 2135 11 in in NN 21781 2135 12 of of IN 21781 2135 13 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2135 14 , , , 21781 2135 15 the the DT 21781 2135 16 stomodaeum stomodaeum NN 21781 2135 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2135 18 s.d s.d NNP 21781 2135 19 . . . 21781 2136 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2136 2 , , , 21781 2136 3 which which WDT 21781 2136 4 meets meet VBZ 21781 2136 5 and and CC 21781 2136 6 fuses fuse NNS 21781 2136 7 with with IN 21781 2136 8 the the DT 21781 2136 9 hypoblast hypoblast NN 21781 2136 10 , , , 21781 2136 11 and and CC 21781 2136 12 is be VBZ 21781 2136 13 then then RB 21781 2136 14 perforated perforate VBN 21781 2136 15 . . . 21781 2137 1 The the DT 21781 2137 2 position position NN 21781 2137 3 of of IN 21781 2137 4 this this DT 21781 2137 5 mouth mouth NN 21781 2137 6 is be VBZ 21781 2137 7 at at IN 21781 2137 8 the the DT 21781 2137 9 velum velum NN 21781 2137 10 . . . 21781 2138 1 The the DT 21781 2138 2 formation formation NN 21781 2138 3 of of IN 21781 2138 4 the the DT 21781 2138 5 atrium atrium NN 21781 2138 6 has have VBZ 21781 2138 7 been be VBN 21781 2138 8 described describe VBN 21781 2138 9 . . . 21781 2139 1 The the DT 21781 2139 2 metapleural metapleural JJ 21781 2139 3 folds fold NNS 21781 2139 4 run run VBP 21781 2139 5 forward forward RB 21781 2139 6 in in IN 21781 2139 7 front front NN 21781 2139 8 of of IN 21781 2139 9 the the DT 21781 2139 10 velum velum NN 21781 2139 11 , , , 21781 2139 12 as as IN 21781 2139 13 the the DT 21781 2139 14 epipleurs epipleur NNS 21781 2139 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2139 16 ep ep NNP 21781 2139 17 . . . 21781 2140 1 in in IN 21781 2140 2 Sections section NNS 21781 2140 3 1 1 CD 21781 2140 4 and and CC 21781 2140 5 2 2 CD 21781 2140 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2140 7 , , , 21781 2140 8 and and CC 21781 2140 9 form form VB 21781 2140 10 an an DT 21781 2140 11 oral oral JJ 21781 2140 12 hood hood NN 21781 2140 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2140 14 b.c b.c NNP 21781 2140 15 . . . 21781 2141 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2141 2 , , , 21781 2141 3 around around IN 21781 2141 4 which which WDT 21781 2141 5 the the DT 21781 2141 6 tentacles tentacle NNS 21781 2141 7 appear appear VBP 21781 2141 8 , , , 21781 2141 9 and and CC 21781 2141 10 which which WDT 21781 2141 11 is be VBZ 21781 2141 12 evidently evidently RB 21781 2141 13 not not RB 21781 2141 14 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 2141 15 to to IN 21781 2141 16 the the DT 21781 2141 17 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2141 18 mouth mouth NN 21781 2141 19 cavity cavity NN 21781 2141 20 , , , 21781 2141 21 but but CC 21781 2141 22 in in IN 21781 2141 23 front front NN 21781 2141 24 of of IN 21781 2141 25 and and CC 21781 2141 26 outside outside IN 21781 2141 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2141 28 . . . 21781 2142 1 The the DT 21781 2142 2 anus anus NN 21781 2142 3 is be VBZ 21781 2142 4 formed form VBN 21781 2142 5 by by IN 21781 2142 6 a a DT 21781 2142 7 tucking tucking NN 21781 2142 8 in in RP 21781 2142 9 , , , 21781 2142 10 the the DT 21781 2142 11 proctodaeum proctodaeum NN 21781 2142 12 , , , 21781 2142 13 similar similar JJ 21781 2142 14 to to IN 21781 2142 15 the the DT 21781 2142 16 stomodaeum stomodaeum NN 21781 2142 17 . . . 21781 2143 1 Section section NN 21781 2143 2 23 23 CD 21781 2143 3 . . . 21781 2144 1 The the DT 21781 2144 2 formation formation NN 21781 2144 3 of of IN 21781 2144 4 the the DT 21781 2144 5 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 2144 6 slits slit NNS 21781 2144 7 is be VBZ 21781 2144 8 complicated complicate VBN 21781 2144 9 , , , 21781 2144 10 and and CC 21781 2144 11 difficult difficult JJ 21781 2144 12 to to TO 21781 2144 13 describe describe VB 21781 2144 14 , , , 21781 2144 15 but but CC 21781 2144 16 , , , 21781 2144 17 since since IN 21781 2144 18 investigators investigator NNS 21781 2144 19 have have VBP 21781 2144 20 still still RB 21781 2144 21 to to TO 21781 2144 22 render render VB 21781 2144 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2144 24 meaning meaning NN 21781 2144 25 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2144 26 , , , 21781 2144 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2144 28 need nee MD 21781 2144 29 not not RB 21781 2144 30 detain detain VB 21781 2144 31 the the DT 21781 2144 32 elementary elementary JJ 21781 2144 33 student student NN 21781 2144 34 . . . 21781 2145 1 * * NFP 21781 2145 2 * * NFP 21781 2145 3 See see VB 21781 2145 4 Balfour Balfour NNP 21781 2145 5 's 's POS 21781 2145 6 Embryology embryology NN 21781 2145 7 , , , 21781 2145 8 Volume volume NN 21781 2145 9 2 2 CD 21781 2145 10 , , , 21781 2145 11 and and CC 21781 2145 12 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 21781 2145 13 Journal Journal NNP 21781 2145 14 of of IN 21781 2145 15 Microscopical Microscopical NNP 21781 2145 16 Science Science NNP 21781 2145 17 March March NNP 21781 2145 18 , , , 21781 2145 19 1891 1891 CD 21781 2145 20 . . . 21781 2146 1 _ _ NNP 21781 2146 2 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 2146 3 on on IN 21781 2146 4 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 2146 5 _ _ NNP 21781 2146 6 1 1 CD 21781 2146 7 . . . 21781 2147 1 Draw draw NN 21781 2147 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2147 3 , , , 21781 2147 4 with with IN 21781 2147 5 the the DT 21781 2147 6 parts part NNS 21781 2147 7 named name VBN 21781 2147 8 , , , 21781 2147 9 of of IN 21781 2147 10 the the DT 21781 2147 11 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2147 12 canal canal NN 21781 2147 13 of of IN 21781 2147 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2147 15 a a LS 21781 2147 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2147 17 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2147 18 , , , 21781 2147 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2147 20 b b LS 21781 2147 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2147 22 any any DT 21781 2147 23 craniate craniate NN 21781 2147 24 ; ; : 21781 2147 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2147 26 c c NN 21781 2147 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2147 28 indicate indicate VBP 21781 2147 29 very very RB 21781 2147 30 shortly shortly RB 21781 2147 31 the the DT 21781 2147 32 principal principal JJ 21781 2147 33 structural structural JJ 21781 2147 34 differences difference NNS 21781 2147 35 between between IN 21781 2147 36 the the DT 21781 2147 37 two two CD 21781 2147 38 . . . 21781 2148 1 2 2 LS 21781 2148 2 . . . 21781 2149 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2149 2 , , , 21781 2149 3 with with IN 21781 2149 4 a a DT 21781 2149 5 diagram diagram NN 21781 2149 6 , , , 21781 2149 7 the the DT 21781 2149 8 circulation circulation NN 21781 2149 9 of of IN 21781 2149 10 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2149 11 . . . 21781 2150 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2150 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2150 3 with with IN 21781 2150 4 that that DT 21781 2150 5 of of IN 21781 2150 6 the the DT 21781 2150 7 craniata craniata NN 21781 2150 8 . . . 21781 2151 1 3 3 LS 21781 2151 2 . . . 21781 2152 1 Draw draw VB 21781 2152 2 from from IN 21781 2152 3 memory memory NN 21781 2152 4 transverse transverse JJ 21781 2152 5 sections section NNS 21781 2152 6 , , , 21781 2152 7 of of IN 21781 2152 8 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2152 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2152 10 a a DT 21781 2152 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2152 12 in in IN 21781 2152 13 the the DT 21781 2152 14 oral oral JJ 21781 2152 15 region region NN 21781 2152 16 , , , 21781 2152 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2152 18 b b LS 21781 2152 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2152 20 through through IN 21781 2152 21 the the DT 21781 2152 22 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2152 23 , , , 21781 2152 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2152 25 c c NN 21781 2152 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2152 27 just just RB 21781 2152 28 anterior anterior NNP 21781 2152 29 , , , 21781 2152 30 and and CC 21781 2152 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2152 32 d d NN 21781 2152 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2152 34 just just RB 21781 2152 35 posterior posterior NN 21781 2152 36 to to IN 21781 2152 37 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2152 38 pore pore NN 21781 2152 39 . . . 21781 2153 1 4 4 LS 21781 2153 2 . . . 21781 2154 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2154 2 fully fully RB 21781 2154 3 the the DT 21781 2154 4 coelom coelom NN 21781 2154 5 of of IN 21781 2154 6 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2154 7 , , , 21781 2154 8 and and CC 21781 2154 9 compare compare VB 21781 2154 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2154 11 with with IN 21781 2154 12 that that DT 21781 2154 13 of of IN 21781 2154 14 the the DT 21781 2154 15 frog frog NN 21781 2154 16 in in IN 21781 2154 17 regard regard NN 21781 2154 18 to to IN 21781 2154 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2154 20 a a DT 21781 2154 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2154 22 development development NN 21781 2154 23 , , , 21781 2154 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2154 25 b b LS 21781 2154 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2154 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2154 28 relation relation NN 21781 2154 29 to to IN 21781 2154 30 other other JJ 21781 2154 31 organs organ NNS 21781 2154 32 in in IN 21781 2154 33 the the DT 21781 2154 34 adult adult NN 21781 2154 35 . . . 21781 2155 1 5 5 CD 21781 2155 2 . . . 21781 2156 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2156 2 the the DT 21781 2156 3 atrial atrial JJ 21781 2156 4 cavity cavity NN 21781 2156 5 and and CC 21781 2156 6 coelom coelom NN 21781 2156 7 of of IN 21781 2156 8 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2156 9 . . . 21781 2157 1 To to IN 21781 2157 2 what what WDT 21781 2157 3 series series NN 21781 2157 4 of of IN 21781 2157 5 cavities cavity NNS 21781 2157 6 in in IN 21781 2157 7 the the DT 21781 2157 8 frog frog NN 21781 2157 9 are be VBP 21781 2157 10 the the DT 21781 2157 11 metapleural metapleural JJ 21781 2157 12 canals canal NNS 21781 2157 13 to to TO 21781 2157 14 be be VB 21781 2157 15 compared compare VBN 21781 2157 16 ? ? . 21781 2158 1 6 6 CD 21781 2158 2 . . . 21781 2159 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2159 2 the the DT 21781 2159 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 2159 4 of of IN 21781 2159 5 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2159 6 , , , 21781 2159 7 and and CC 21781 2159 8 point point VB 21781 2159 9 out out RP 21781 2159 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2159 11 differences difference NNS 21781 2159 12 from from IN 21781 2159 13 the the DT 21781 2159 14 vertebrate vertebrate JJ 21781 2159 15 notochord notochord NN 21781 2159 16 . . . 21781 2160 1 7 7 LS 21781 2160 2 . . . 21781 2161 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2161 2 , , , 21781 2161 3 with with IN 21781 2161 4 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2161 5 , , , 21781 2161 6 the the DT 21781 2161 7 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2161 8 system system NN 21781 2161 9 of of IN 21781 2161 10 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2161 11 , , , 21781 2161 12 and and CC 21781 2161 13 compare compare VB 21781 2161 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2161 15 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2161 16 axis axi NNS 21781 2161 17 , , , 21781 2161 18 in in IN 21781 2161 19 detail detail NN 21781 2161 20 , , , 21781 2161 21 with with IN 21781 2161 22 that that DT 21781 2161 23 of of IN 21781 2161 24 a a DT 21781 2161 25 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2161 26 . . . 21781 2162 1 8 8 LS 21781 2162 2 . . . 21781 2163 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2163 2 the the DT 21781 2163 3 genital genital JJ 21781 2163 4 organs organ NNS 21781 2163 5 of of IN 21781 2163 6 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2163 7 with with IN 21781 2163 8 those those DT 21781 2163 9 of of IN 21781 2163 10 a a DT 21781 2163 11 higher high JJR 21781 2163 12 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2163 13 . . . 21781 2164 1 9 9 CD 21781 2164 2 . . . 21781 2165 1 What what WDT 21781 2165 2 structures structure NNS 21781 2165 3 have have VBP 21781 2165 4 been be VBN 21781 2165 5 regarded regard VBN 21781 2165 6 , , , 21781 2165 7 as as IN 21781 2165 8 renal renal JJ 21781 2165 9 organs organ NNS 21781 2165 10 in in IN 21781 2165 11 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2165 12 ? ? . 21781 2166 1 10 10 CD 21781 2166 2 . . . 21781 2167 1 What what WP 21781 2167 2 is be VBZ 21781 2167 3 a a DT 21781 2167 4 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2167 5 ? ? . 21781 2168 1 With with IN 21781 2168 2 what what WDT 21781 2168 3 lower low JJR 21781 2168 4 type type NN 21781 2168 5 has have VBZ 21781 2168 6 the the DT 21781 2168 7 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2168 8 been be VBN 21781 2168 9 compared compare VBN 21781 2168 10 ? ? . 21781 2169 1 Discuss discuss VB 21781 2169 2 the the DT 21781 2169 3 comparison comparison NN 21781 2169 4 . . . 21781 2170 1 -Development -Development NNP 21781 2170 2 _ _ NNP 21781 2170 3 _ _ NNP 21781 2170 4 The the DT 21781 2170 5 Development Development NNP 21781 2170 6 of of IN 21781 2170 7 the the DT 21781 2170 8 Frog Frog NNP 21781 2170 9 _ _ NNP 21781 2170 10 Section Section NNP 21781 2170 11 1 1 CD 21781 2170 12 . . . 21781 2171 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2171 2 have have VBP 21781 2171 3 now now RB 21781 2171 4 to to TO 21781 2171 5 consider consider VB 21781 2171 6 how how WRB 21781 2171 7 the the DT 21781 2171 8 body body NN 21781 2171 9 of of IN 21781 2171 10 the the DT 21781 2171 11 frog frog NN 21781 2171 12 is be VBZ 21781 2171 13 built build VBN 21781 2171 14 up up RP 21781 2171 15 out out IN 21781 2171 16 of of IN 21781 2171 17 the the DT 21781 2171 18 egg egg NN 21781 2171 19 cell cell NN 21781 2171 20 , , , 21781 2171 21 but but CC 21781 2171 22 previously previously RB 21781 2171 23 to to IN 21781 2171 24 doing do VBG 21781 2171 25 so so RB 21781 2171 26 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2171 27 must must MD 21781 2171 28 revert revert VB 21781 2171 29 to to IN 21781 2171 30 the the DT 21781 2171 31 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 2171 32 organs organ NNS 21781 2171 33 of of IN 21781 2171 34 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2171 35 type type NN 21781 2171 36 . . . 21781 2172 1 Section section NN 21781 2172 2 2 2 CD 21781 2172 3 . . . 21781 2173 1 In in IN 21781 2173 2 the the DT 21781 2173 3 testes testis NNS 21781 2173 4 of of IN 21781 2173 5 the the DT 21781 2173 6 male male NN 21781 2173 7 is be VBZ 21781 2173 8 found find VBN 21781 2173 9 an an DT 21781 2173 10 intricate intricate JJ 21781 2173 11 network network NN 21781 2173 12 of of IN 21781 2173 13 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 2173 14 , , , 21781 2173 15 the the DT 21781 2173 16 lining lining NN 21781 2173 17 of of IN 21781 2173 18 which which WDT 21781 2173 19 is be VBZ 21781 2173 20 , , , 21781 2173 21 of of IN 21781 2173 22 course course NN 21781 2173 23 , , , 21781 2173 24 an an DT 21781 2173 25 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 2173 26 . . . 21781 2174 1 The the DT 21781 2174 2 cells cell NNS 21781 2174 3 of of IN 21781 2174 4 this this DT 21781 2174 5 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 2174 6 have have VBP 21781 2174 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2174 8 internal internal JJ 21781 2174 9 borders border NNS 21781 2174 10 differentiated differentiate VBN 21781 2174 11 into into IN 21781 2174 12 spermatozoa spermatozoon NNS 21781 2174 13 , , , 21781 2174 14 which which WDT 21781 2174 15 , , , 21781 2174 16 at at IN 21781 2174 17 a a DT 21781 2174 18 subsequent subsequent JJ 21781 2174 19 stage stage NN 21781 2174 20 , , , 21781 2174 21 are be VBP 21781 2174 22 liberated liberate VBN 21781 2174 23 . . . 21781 2175 1 A a DT 21781 2175 2 spermatozoon spermatozoon NN 21781 2175 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2175 4 Figure figure NN 21781 2175 5 3 3 CD 21781 2175 6 , , , 21781 2175 7 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2175 8 13 13 CD 21781 2175 9 , , , 21781 2175 10 sp sp NNP 21781 2175 11 . . . 21781 2175 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2176 1 is be VBZ 21781 2176 2 a a DT 21781 2176 3 rod rod NN 21781 2176 4 - - HYPH 21781 2176 5 shaped shape VBN 21781 2176 6 cell cell NN 21781 2176 7 containing contain VBG 21781 2176 8 a a DT 21781 2176 9 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2176 10 ; ; : 21781 2176 11 in in IN 21781 2176 12 fact fact NN 21781 2176 13 , , , 21781 2176 14 consisting consist VBG 21781 2176 15 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 2176 16 of of IN 21781 2176 17 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2176 18 , , , 21781 2176 19 with with IN 21781 2176 20 a a DT 21781 2176 21 tail tail NN 21781 2176 22 , , , 21781 2176 23 the the DT 21781 2176 24 flagellum flagellum NN 21781 2176 25 , , , 21781 2176 26 which which WDT 21781 2176 27 is be VBZ 21781 2176 28 vibratile vibratile JJ 21781 2176 29 , , , 21781 2176 30 and and CC 21781 2176 31 forces force VBZ 21781 2176 32 the the DT 21781 2176 33 spermatozoon spermatozoon NN 21781 2176 34 , , , 21781 2176 35 forward forward RB 21781 2176 36 by by IN 21781 2176 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2176 38 lashing lashing NN 21781 2176 39 . . . 21781 2177 1 The the DT 21781 2177 2 spermatozoa spermatozoa JJ 21781 2177 3 float float NN 21781 2177 4 in in IN 21781 2177 5 a a DT 21781 2177 6 fluid fluid NN 21781 2177 7 which which WDT 21781 2177 8 is be VBZ 21781 2177 9 the the DT 21781 2177 10 joint joint JJ 21781 2177 11 product product NN 21781 2177 12 of of IN 21781 2177 13 the the DT 21781 2177 14 testes testis NNS 21781 2177 15 , , , 21781 2177 16 anterior anterior JJ 21781 2177 17 part part NN 21781 2177 18 of of IN 21781 2177 19 the the DT 21781 2177 20 kidney kidney NN 21781 2177 21 , , , 21781 2177 22 and and CC 21781 2177 23 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 2177 24 the the DT 21781 2177 25 prostate prostate NN 21781 2177 26 glands gland NNS 21781 2177 27 . . . 21781 2178 1 Section section NN 21781 2178 2 3 3 CD 21781 2178 3 . . . 21781 2179 1 In in IN 21781 2179 2 the the DT 21781 2179 3 ovary ovary NN 21781 2179 4 , , , 21781 2179 5 the the DT 21781 2179 6 ova ova NNP 21781 2179 7 are be VBP 21781 2179 8 formed form VBN 21781 2179 9 , , , 21781 2179 10 and and CC 21781 2179 11 grow grow VB 21781 2179 12 to to IN 21781 2179 13 a a DT 21781 2179 14 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2179 15 size size NN 21781 2179 16 . . . 21781 2180 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 2180 2 are be VBP 21781 2180 3 nucleated nucleate VBN 21781 2180 4 cells cell NNS 21781 2180 5 , , , 21781 2180 6 the the DT 21781 2180 7 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2180 8 going go VBG 21781 2180 9 by by IN 21781 2180 10 the the DT 21781 2180 11 special special JJ 21781 2180 12 name name NN 21781 2180 13 of of IN 21781 2180 14 the the DT 21781 2180 15 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2180 16 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 2180 17 and and CC 21781 2180 18 the the DT 21781 2180 19 nucleolus nucleolus JJ 21781 2180 20 the the DT 21781 2180 21 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2180 22 spot spot NN 21781 2180 23 . . . 21781 2181 1 The the DT 21781 2181 2 ova ova NN 21781 2181 3 prey prey NN 21781 2181 4 upon upon IN 21781 2181 5 the the DT 21781 2181 6 adjacent adjacent JJ 21781 2181 7 cells cell NNS 21781 2181 8 as as IN 21781 2181 9 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2181 10 develop develop VBP 21781 2181 11 . . . 21781 2182 1 The the DT 21781 2182 2 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2182 3 of of IN 21781 2182 4 the the DT 21781 2182 5 ovum ovum NN 21781 2182 6 , , , 21781 2182 7 except except IN 21781 2182 8 at at IN 21781 2182 9 that that DT 21781 2182 10 part part NN 21781 2182 11 of of IN 21781 2182 12 the the DT 21781 2182 13 surface surface NN 21781 2182 14 where where WRB 21781 2182 15 the the DT 21781 2182 16 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2182 17 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 2182 18 lies lie NNS 21781 2182 19 , , , 21781 2182 20 is be VBZ 21781 2182 21 packed pack VBN 21781 2182 22 with with IN 21781 2182 23 a a DT 21781 2182 24 great great JJ 21781 2182 25 amount amount NN 21781 2182 26 of of IN 21781 2182 27 food food NN 21781 2182 28 material material NN 21781 2182 29 , , , 21781 2182 30 the the DT 21781 2182 31 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2182 32 granules granule NNS 21781 2182 33 . . . 21781 2183 1 This this DT 21781 2183 2 yolk yolk NN 21781 2183 3 is be VBZ 21781 2183 4 non non JJ 21781 2183 5 - - JJ 21781 2183 6 living living JJ 21781 2183 7 inert inert JJ 21781 2183 8 matter matter NN 21781 2183 9 . . . 21781 2184 1 An an DT 21781 2184 2 ovum ovum NN 21781 2184 3 such such JJ 21781 2184 4 as as IN 21781 2184 5 this this DT 21781 2184 6 , , , 21781 2184 7 in in IN 21781 2184 8 which which WDT 21781 2184 9 the the DT 21781 2184 10 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2184 11 is be VBZ 21781 2184 12 concentrated concentrate VBN 21781 2184 13 towards towards IN 21781 2184 14 one one CD 21781 2184 15 pole pole NN 21781 2184 16 , , , 21781 2184 17 is be VBZ 21781 2184 18 called call VBN 21781 2184 19 telolecithal telolecithal NNP 21781 2184 20 . . . 21781 2185 1 Section section NN 21781 2185 2 4 4 CD 21781 2185 3 . . . 21781 2186 1 After after IN 21781 2186 2 the the DT 21781 2186 3 ovum ovum NN 21781 2186 4 has have VBZ 21781 2186 5 finished finish VBN 21781 2186 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2186 7 growth growth NN 21781 2186 8 , , , 21781 2186 9 and and CC 21781 2186 10 elaborated elaborate VBD 21781 2186 11 the the DT 21781 2186 12 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2186 13 within within IN 21781 2186 14 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 2186 15 , , , 21781 2186 16 a a DT 21781 2186 17 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 2186 18 change change NN 21781 2186 19 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2186 20 in in IN 21781 2186 21 the the DT 21781 2186 22 small small JJ 21781 2186 23 area area NN 21781 2186 24 free free JJ 21781 2186 25 from from IN 21781 2186 26 yolk-- yolk-- NN 21781 2186 27 the the DT 21781 2186 28 animal animal NN 21781 2186 29 pole pole NN 21781 2186 30 , , , 21781 2186 31 in in IN 21781 2186 32 which which WDT 21781 2186 33 the the DT 21781 2186 34 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2186 35 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 2186 36 lies lie VBZ 21781 2186 37 . . . 21781 2187 1 This this DT 21781 2187 2 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2187 3 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 2187 4 divides divide VBZ 21781 2187 5 , , , 21781 2187 6 and and CC 21781 2187 7 one one CD 21781 2187 8 moiety moiety NN 21781 2187 9 is be VBZ 21781 2187 10 budded bud VBN 21781 2187 11 off off RP 21781 2187 12 from from IN 21781 2187 13 the the DT 21781 2187 14 ovum ovum NN 21781 2187 15 . . . 21781 2188 1 The the DT 21781 2188 2 ovum ovum NN 21781 2188 3 has have VBZ 21781 2188 4 , , , 21781 2188 5 in in IN 21781 2188 6 fact fact NN 21781 2188 7 , , , 21781 2188 8 undergone undergone JJ 21781 2188 9 cell cell NN 21781 2188 10 division division NN 21781 2188 11 into into IN 21781 2188 12 a a DT 21781 2188 13 very very RB 21781 2188 14 large large JJ 21781 2188 15 cell cell NN 21781 2188 16 containing contain VBG 21781 2188 17 most most JJS 21781 2188 18 of of IN 21781 2188 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2188 20 substance substance NN 21781 2188 21 , , , 21781 2188 22 and and CC 21781 2188 23 a a DT 21781 2188 24 small small JJ 21781 2188 25 protoplasmic protoplasmic JJ 21781 2188 26 pimple pimple NN 21781 2188 27 surrounding surround VBG 21781 2188 28 half half NN 21781 2188 29 of of IN 21781 2188 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2188 31 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2188 32 . . . 21781 2189 1 The the DT 21781 2189 2 disproportion disproportion NN 21781 2189 3 is be VBZ 21781 2189 4 so so RB 21781 2189 5 great great JJ 21781 2189 6 between between IN 21781 2189 7 the the DT 21781 2189 8 two two CD 21781 2189 9 cells cell NNS 21781 2189 10 , , , 21781 2189 11 that that IN 21781 2189 12 the the DT 21781 2189 13 phenomenon phenomenon NN 21781 2189 14 does do VBZ 21781 2189 15 not not RB 21781 2189 16 at at IN 21781 2189 17 first first RB 21781 2189 18 suggest suggest VB 21781 2189 19 the the DT 21781 2189 20 idea idea NN 21781 2189 21 of of IN 21781 2189 22 cell cell NN 21781 2189 23 division division NN 21781 2189 24 , , , 21781 2189 25 and and CC 21781 2189 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2189 27 is be VBZ 21781 2189 28 usually usually RB 21781 2189 29 described describe VBN 21781 2189 30 as as IN 21781 2189 31 the the DT 21781 2189 32 extrusion extrusion NN 21781 2189 33 of of IN 21781 2189 34 the the DT 21781 2189 35 first first JJ 21781 2189 36 polar polar JJ 21781 2189 37 body body NN 21781 2189 38 . . . 21781 2190 1 There there EX 21781 2190 2 follows follow VBZ 21781 2190 3 a a DT 21781 2190 4 second second JJ 21781 2190 5 and and CC 21781 2190 6 similar similar JJ 21781 2190 7 small small JJ 21781 2190 8 cell cell NN 21781 2190 9 , , , 21781 2190 10 behind behind IN 21781 2190 11 the the DT 21781 2190 12 first first JJ 21781 2190 13 , , , 21781 2190 14 the the DT 21781 2190 15 second second JJ 21781 2190 16 polar polar JJ 21781 2190 17 body body NN 21781 2190 18 . . . 21781 2191 1 Since since IN 21781 2191 2 the the DT 21781 2191 3 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2191 4 of of IN 21781 2191 5 the the DT 21781 2191 6 ovum ovum NN 21781 2191 7 has have VBZ 21781 2191 8 divided divide VBN 21781 2191 9 twice twice RB 21781 2191 10 , , , 21781 2191 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2191 12 is be VBZ 21781 2191 13 evident evident JJ 21781 2191 14 that that IN 21781 2191 15 the the DT 21781 2191 16 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2191 17 remaining remain VBG 21781 2191 18 now now RB 21781 2191 19 in in IN 21781 2191 20 the the DT 21781 2191 21 ovum ovum NN 21781 2191 22 is be VBZ 21781 2191 23 a a DT 21781 2191 24 quarter quarter NN 21781 2191 25 of of IN 21781 2191 26 the the DT 21781 2191 27 original original JJ 21781 2191 28 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2191 29 . . . 21781 2192 1 Very very RB 21781 2192 2 little little JJ 21781 2192 3 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2192 4 is be VBZ 21781 2192 5 given give VBN 21781 2192 6 off off RP 21781 2192 7 with with IN 21781 2192 8 the the DT 21781 2192 9 polar polar JJ 21781 2192 10 bodies body NNS 21781 2192 11 ; ; : 21781 2192 12 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2192 13 play play VBP 21781 2192 14 no no DT 21781 2192 15 further further JJ 21781 2192 16 part part NN 21781 2192 17 in in IN 21781 2192 18 development development NN 21781 2192 19 , , , 21781 2192 20 but but CC 21781 2192 21 simply simply RB 21781 2192 22 drop drop VB 21781 2192 23 off off RP 21781 2192 24 and and CC 21781 2192 25 disappear disappear VB 21781 2192 26 . . . 21781 2193 1 Not not RB 21781 2193 2 only only RB 21781 2193 3 in in IN 21781 2193 4 the the DT 21781 2193 5 frog frog NN 21781 2193 6 's 's POS 21781 2193 7 ovum ovum NN 21781 2193 8 , , , 21781 2193 9 but but CC 21781 2193 10 in in IN 21781 2193 11 all all DT 21781 2193 12 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2193 13 , , , 21781 2193 14 two two CD 21781 2193 15 polar polar JJ 21781 2193 16 bodies body NNS 21781 2193 17 are be VBP 21781 2193 18 given give VBN 21781 2193 19 off off RP 21781 2193 20 in in IN 21781 2193 21 this this DT 21781 2193 22 way way NN 21781 2193 23 before before IN 21781 2193 24 the the DT 21781 2193 25 sexual sexual JJ 21781 2193 26 process process NN 21781 2193 27 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2193 28 . . . 21781 2194 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2194 2 exact exact JJ 21781 2194 3 meaning meaning NN 21781 2194 4 has have VBZ 21781 2194 5 been be VBN 21781 2194 6 widely widely RB 21781 2194 7 discussed discuss VBN 21781 2194 8 . . . 21781 2195 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2195 2 is be VBZ 21781 2195 3 fairly fairly RB 21781 2195 4 evident evident JJ 21781 2195 5 that that IN 21781 2195 6 some some DT 21781 2195 7 material material NN 21781 2195 8 is be VBZ 21781 2195 9 removed remove VBN 21781 2195 10 from from IN 21781 2195 11 the the DT 21781 2195 12 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2195 13 , , , 21781 2195 14 which which WDT 21781 2195 15 would would MD 21781 2195 16 be be VB 21781 2195 17 detrimental detrimental JJ 21781 2195 18 to to IN 21781 2195 19 further further JJ 21781 2195 20 developments development NNS 21781 2195 21 , , , 21781 2195 22 and and CC 21781 2195 23 the the DT 21781 2195 24 point point NN 21781 2195 25 debated debate VBN 21781 2195 26 is be VBZ 21781 2195 27 what what WP 21781 2195 28 is be VBZ 21781 2195 29 the the DT 21781 2195 30 precise precise JJ 21781 2195 31 nature nature NN 21781 2195 32 of of IN 21781 2195 33 this this DT 21781 2195 34 excreted excreted JJ 21781 2195 35 material material NN 21781 2195 36 . . . 21781 2196 1 This this DT 21781 2196 2 burning burn VBG 21781 2196 3 question question NN 21781 2196 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2196 5 can can MD 21781 2196 6 scarcely scarcely RB 21781 2196 7 deal deal VB 21781 2196 8 with with IN 21781 2196 9 here here RB 21781 2196 10 . . . 21781 2197 1 Section section NN 21781 2197 2 5 5 CD 21781 2197 3 . . . 21781 2198 1 But but CC 21781 2198 2 here here RB 21781 2198 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2198 4 may may MD 21781 2198 5 point point VB 21781 2198 6 out out RP 21781 2198 7 that that IN 21781 2198 8 in in IN 21781 2198 9 all all DT 21781 2198 10 cells cell NNS 21781 2198 11 the the DT 21781 2198 12 function function NN 21781 2198 13 of of IN 21781 2198 14 the the DT 21781 2198 15 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2198 16 appears appear VBZ 21781 2198 17 to to TO 21781 2198 18 be be VB 21781 2198 19 to to TO 21781 2198 20 determine determine VB 21781 2198 21 growth growth NN 21781 2198 22 and and CC 21781 2198 23 division division NN 21781 2198 24 . . . 21781 2199 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2199 2 is be VBZ 21781 2199 3 the the DT 21781 2199 4 centre centre NN 21781 2199 5 of of IN 21781 2199 6 directive directive JJ 21781 2199 7 energy energy NN 21781 2199 8 in in IN 21781 2199 9 the the DT 21781 2199 10 cell cell NN 21781 2199 11 . . . 21781 2200 1 Section section NN 21781 2200 2 6 6 CD 21781 2200 3 . . . 21781 2201 1 Fertilization Fertilization NNP 21781 2201 2 is be VBZ 21781 2201 3 effected effect VBN 21781 2201 4 by by IN 21781 2201 5 a a DT 21781 2201 6 spermatozoon spermatozoon NN 21781 2201 7 meeting meeting NN 21781 2201 8 with with IN 21781 2201 9 the the DT 21781 2201 10 ovum ovum NN 21781 2201 11 . . . 21781 2202 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2202 2 fuses fuse VBZ 21781 2202 3 with with IN 21781 2202 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2202 5 , , , 21781 2202 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2202 7 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2202 8 becoming become VBG 21781 2202 9 the the DT 21781 2202 10 male male JJ 21781 2202 11 pro pro JJ 21781 2202 12 - - JJ 21781 2202 13 nucleus nucleus JJ 21781 2202 14 . . . 21781 2203 1 This this DT 21781 2203 2 and and CC 21781 2203 3 the the DT 21781 2203 4 female female JJ 21781 2203 5 pro pro JJ 21781 2203 6 - - JJ 21781 2203 7 nucleus nucleus JJ 21781 2203 8 , , , 21781 2203 9 left leave VBN 21781 2203 10 after after IN 21781 2203 11 the the DT 21781 2203 12 extrusion extrusion NN 21781 2203 13 of of IN 21781 2203 14 the the DT 21781 2203 15 polar polar JJ 21781 2203 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2203 17 , , , 21781 2203 18 move move VB 21781 2203 19 towards towards IN 21781 2203 20 each each DT 21781 2203 21 other other JJ 21781 2203 22 , , , 21781 2203 23 and and CC 21781 2203 24 unite unite VB 21781 2203 25 to to TO 21781 2203 26 form form VB 21781 2203 27 the the DT 21781 2203 28 first first JJ 21781 2203 29 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2203 30 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2203 31 . . . 21781 2204 1 Section section NN 21781 2204 2 7 7 CD 21781 2204 3 . . . 21781 2205 1 The the DT 21781 2205 2 ovum ovum NN 21781 2205 3 next next RB 21781 2205 4 begins begin VBZ 21781 2205 5 to to TO 21781 2205 6 divide divide VB 21781 2205 7 . . . 21781 2206 1 A a DT 21781 2206 2 furrow furrow NN 21781 2206 3 cutting cut VBG 21781 2206 4 deeper deeply RBR 21781 2206 5 and and CC 21781 2206 6 deeper deep JJR 21781 2206 7 divides divide VBZ 21781 2206 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2206 9 into into IN 21781 2206 10 two two CD 21781 2206 11 ; ; : 21781 2206 12 another another DT 21781 2206 13 follows follow VBZ 21781 2206 14 at at IN 21781 2206 15 right right JJ 21781 2206 16 angles angle NNS 21781 2206 17 to to IN 21781 2206 18 this this DT 21781 2206 19 , , , 21781 2206 20 making make VBG 21781 2206 21 the the DT 21781 2206 22 two two CD 21781 2206 23 four four CD 21781 2206 24 , , , 21781 2206 25 and and CC 21781 2206 26 another another DT 21781 2206 27 equatorial equatorial JJ 21781 2206 28 furrow furrow NN 21781 2206 29 cuts cut NNS 21781 2206 30 off off IN 21781 2206 31 the the DT 21781 2206 32 animal animal NN 21781 2206 33 pole pole NN 21781 2206 34 from from IN 21781 2206 35 the the DT 21781 2206 36 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2206 37 or or CC 21781 2206 38 vegetative vegetative JJ 21781 2206 39 pole pole NN 21781 2206 40 . . . 21781 2207 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2207 2 See see VB 21781 2207 3 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2207 4 22 22 CD 21781 2207 5 , , , 21781 2207 6 Figures figure NNS 21781 2207 7 1 1 CD 21781 2207 8 , , , 21781 2207 9 2 2 CD 21781 2207 10 , , , 21781 2207 11 and and CC 21781 2207 12 3 3 CD 21781 2207 13 . . . 21781 2207 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2208 1 And and CC 21781 2208 2 so so RB 21781 2208 3 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2208 4 (= (= NNP 21781 2208 5 cleavage cleavage NN 21781 2208 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2208 7 proceeds proceed NNS 21781 2208 8 , , , 21781 2208 9 and and CC 21781 2208 10 , , , 21781 2208 11 at at IN 21781 2208 12 last last JJ 21781 2208 13 , , , 21781 2208 14 a a DT 21781 2208 15 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2208 16 sphere sphere NN 21781 2208 17 , , , 21781 2208 18 the the DT 21781 2208 19 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2208 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2208 21 Figure figure NN 21781 2208 22 4 4 CD 21781 2208 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2208 24 is be VBZ 21781 2208 25 formed form VBN 21781 2208 26 , , , 21781 2208 27 with with IN 21781 2208 28 a a DT 21781 2208 29 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2208 30 cavity cavity NN 21781 2208 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2208 32 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2208 33 . . NNP 21781 2208 34 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2208 35 . . . 21781 2209 1 But but CC 21781 2209 2 , , , 21781 2209 3 because because IN 21781 2209 4 of of IN 21781 2209 5 the the DT 21781 2209 6 presence presence NN 21781 2209 7 of of IN 21781 2209 8 the the DT 21781 2209 9 yolk yolk NN 21781 2209 10 at at IN 21781 2209 11 the the DT 21781 2209 12 vegetative vegetative JJ 21781 2209 13 pole pole NN 21781 2209 14 of of IN 21781 2209 15 ovum ovum NN 21781 2209 16 , , , 21781 2209 17 and and CC 21781 2209 18 of of IN 21781 2209 19 the the DT 21781 2209 20 mechanical mechanical JJ 21781 2209 21 resistance resistance NN 21781 2209 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2209 23 offers offer VBZ 21781 2209 24 to to IN 21781 2209 25 the the DT 21781 2209 26 force force NN 21781 2209 27 of of IN 21781 2209 28 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2209 29 , , , 21781 2209 30 the the DT 21781 2209 31 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2209 32 there there EX 21781 2209 33 is be VBZ 21781 2209 34 not not RB 21781 2209 35 nearly nearly RB 21781 2209 36 so so RB 21781 2209 37 finely finely RB 21781 2209 38 divided-- divided-- VB 21781 2209 39 the the DT 21781 2209 40 cells cell NNS 21781 2209 41 , , , 21781 2209 42 that that DT 21781 2209 43 is be VBZ 21781 2209 44 to to TO 21781 2209 45 say say VB 21781 2209 46 , , , 21781 2209 47 are be VBP 21781 2209 48 much much RB 21781 2209 49 larger large JJR 21781 2209 50 than than IN 21781 2209 51 at at IN 21781 2209 52 the the DT 21781 2209 53 animal animal NN 21781 2209 54 pole pole NN 21781 2209 55 . . . 21781 2210 1 The the DT 21781 2210 2 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2210 3 of of IN 21781 2210 4 the the DT 21781 2210 5 frog frog NN 21781 2210 6 is be VBZ 21781 2210 7 like like IN 21781 2210 8 what what WP 21781 2210 9 the the DT 21781 2210 10 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2210 11 of of IN 21781 2210 12 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2210 13 would would MD 21781 2210 14 be be VB 21781 2210 15 , , , 21781 2210 16 if if IN 21781 2210 17 the the DT 21781 2210 18 future future JJ 21781 2210 19 hypoblast hypoblast JJ 21781 2210 20 cells cell NNS 21781 2210 21 were be VBD 21781 2210 22 enormously enormously RB 21781 2210 23 larger large JJR 21781 2210 24 through through IN 21781 2210 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2210 26 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2210 27 being be VBG 21781 2210 28 diluted dilute VBN 21781 2210 29 with with IN 21781 2210 30 yolk yolk NN 21781 2210 31 . . . 21781 2211 1 Section section NN 21781 2211 2 8 8 CD 21781 2211 3 . . . 21781 2212 1 The the DT 21781 2212 2 next next JJ 21781 2212 3 phase phase NN 21781 2212 4 of of IN 21781 2212 5 development development NN 21781 2212 6 has have VBZ 21781 2212 7 an an DT 21781 2212 8 equally equally RB 21781 2212 9 curious curious JJ 21781 2212 10 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 2212 11 to to IN 21781 2212 12 and and CC 21781 2212 13 difference difference NN 21781 2212 14 from from IN 21781 2212 15 what what WP 21781 2212 16 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2212 17 in in IN 21781 2212 18 the the DT 21781 2212 19 case case NN 21781 2212 20 of of IN 21781 2212 21 the the DT 21781 2212 22 ova ova NN 21781 2212 23 of of IN 21781 2212 24 animals animal NNS 21781 2212 25 which which WDT 21781 2212 26 do do VBP 21781 2212 27 not not RB 21781 2212 28 contain contain VB 21781 2212 29 yolk yolk NN 21781 2212 30 . . . 21781 2213 1 In in IN 21781 2213 2 such such JJ 21781 2213 3 types type NNS 21781 2213 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2213 5 e.g. e.g. RB 21781 2213 6 , , , 21781 2213 7 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2213 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2213 9 a a DT 21781 2213 10 part part NN 21781 2213 11 of of IN 21781 2213 12 the the DT 21781 2213 13 blastosphere blastosphere NNP 21781 2213 14 wall wall NN 21781 2213 15 is be VBZ 21781 2213 16 tucked tuck VBN 21781 2213 17 into into IN 21781 2213 18 the the DT 21781 2213 19 rest rest NN 21781 2213 20 , , , 21781 2213 21 and and CC 21781 2213 22 a a DT 21781 2213 23 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2213 24 formed form VBN 21781 2213 25 by by IN 21781 2213 26 this this DT 21781 2213 27 process process NN 21781 2213 28 of of IN 21781 2213 29 invagination invagination NN 21781 2213 30 . . . 21781 2214 1 In in IN 21781 2214 2 the the DT 21781 2214 3 frog frog NN 21781 2214 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2214 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2214 6 5 5 CD 21781 2214 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2214 8 there there EX 21781 2214 9 is be VBZ 21781 2214 10 a a DT 21781 2214 11 tucking tucking NN 21781 2214 12 - - HYPH 21781 2214 13 in in RP 21781 2214 14 , , , 21781 2214 15 but but CC 21781 2214 16 the the DT 21781 2214 17 part part NN 21781 2214 18 that that WDT 21781 2214 19 should should MD 21781 2214 20 lie lie VB 21781 2214 21 within within IN 21781 2214 22 the the DT 21781 2214 23 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2214 24 , , , 21781 2214 25 the the DT 21781 2214 26 yolk yolk NN 21781 2214 27 - - HYPH 21781 2214 28 containing contain VBG 21781 2214 29 cells cell NNS 21781 2214 30 , , , 21781 2214 31 are be VBP 21781 2214 32 far far RB 21781 2214 33 larger large JJR 21781 2214 34 than than IN 21781 2214 35 the the DT 21781 2214 36 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2214 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2214 38 ep ep NNP 21781 2214 39 . . . 21781 2214 40 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2215 1 which which WDT 21781 2215 2 should should MD 21781 2215 3 , , , 21781 2215 4 form form VB 21781 2215 5 the the DT 21781 2215 6 outer outer JJ 21781 2215 7 layer layer NN 21781 2215 8 of of IN 21781 2215 9 cells cell NNS 21781 2215 10 . . . 21781 2216 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2216 2 the the DT 21781 2216 3 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2216 4 can can MD 21781 2216 5 only only RB 21781 2216 6 by by IN 21781 2216 7 continual continual JJ 21781 2216 8 growth growth NN 21781 2216 9 accommodate accommodate VB 21781 2216 10 what what WP 21781 2216 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2216 12 must must MD 21781 2216 13 embrace embrace VB 21781 2216 14 , , , 21781 2216 15 and and CC 21781 2216 16 the the DT 21781 2216 17 process process NN 21781 2216 18 of of IN 21781 2216 19 tucking tucking NN 21781 2216 20 - - : 21781 2216 21 in in RP 21781 2216 22 is be VBZ 21781 2216 23 accompanied accompany VBN 21781 2216 24 by by IN 21781 2216 25 one one CD 21781 2216 26 of of IN 21781 2216 27 growth growth NN 21781 2216 28 of of IN 21781 2216 29 the the DT 21781 2216 30 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2216 31 , , , 21781 2216 32 as as IN 21781 2216 33 shown show VBN 21781 2216 34 by by IN 21781 2216 35 the the DT 21781 2216 36 unbarbed unbarbed JJ 21781 2216 37 arrow arrow NN 21781 2216 38 , , , 21781 2216 39 over over IN 21781 2216 40 the the DT 21781 2216 41 yolk yolk NN 21781 2216 42 . . . 21781 2217 1 This this DT 21781 2217 2 stage stage NN 21781 2217 3 is be VBZ 21781 2217 4 called call VBN 21781 2217 5 the the DT 21781 2217 6 gastrula gastrula NNP 21781 2217 7 stage stage NN 21781 2217 8 ; ; : 21781 2217 9 ar ar NNP 21781 2217 10 . . . 21781 2218 1 is be VBZ 21781 2218 2 the the DT 21781 2218 3 cavity cavity NN 21781 2218 4 of of IN 21781 2218 5 the the DT 21781 2218 6 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2218 7 , , , 21781 2218 8 the the DT 21781 2218 9 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2218 10 ; ; : 21781 2218 11 b.p b.p NNP 21781 2218 12 . . . 21781 2219 1 is be VBZ 21781 2219 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2219 3 opening opening NN 21781 2219 4 or or CC 21781 2219 5 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2219 6 . . . 21781 2220 1 Such such PDT 21781 2220 2 a a DT 21781 2220 3 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2220 4 , , , 21781 2220 5 formed form VBN 21781 2220 6 mainly mainly RB 21781 2220 7 by by IN 21781 2220 8 overgrowth overgrowth NN 21781 2220 9 of of IN 21781 2220 10 the the DT 21781 2220 11 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2220 12 , , , 21781 2220 13 is be VBZ 21781 2220 14 called call VBN 21781 2220 15 an an DT 21781 2220 16 epibolic epibolic JJ 21781 2220 17 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2220 18 , , , 21781 2220 19 as as IN 21781 2220 20 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 2220 21 from from IN 21781 2220 22 the the DT 21781 2220 23 invaginate invaginate JJ 21781 2220 24 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2220 25 of of IN 21781 2220 26 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2220 27 . . . 21781 2221 1 The the DT 21781 2221 2 difference difference NN 21781 2221 3 is be VBZ 21781 2221 4 evidently evidently RB 21781 2221 5 entirely entirely RB 21781 2221 6 due due IN 21781 2221 7 to to IN 21781 2221 8 the the DT 21781 2221 9 presence presence NN 21781 2221 10 of of IN 21781 2221 11 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2221 12 , , , 21781 2221 13 and and CC 21781 2221 14 the the DT 21781 2221 15 consequent consequent JJ 21781 2221 16 modification modification NN 21781 2221 17 of of IN 21781 2221 18 invagination invagination NN 21781 2221 19 in in IN 21781 2221 20 the the DT 21781 2221 21 former former JJ 21781 2221 22 case case NN 21781 2221 23 . . . 21781 2222 1 Section section NN 21781 2222 2 9 9 CD 21781 2222 3 . . . 21781 2223 1 Comparing compare VBG 21781 2223 2 the the DT 21781 2223 3 two two CD 21781 2223 4 gastrulas gastrula NNS 21781 2223 5 , , , 21781 2223 6 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2223 7 is be VBZ 21781 2223 8 not not RB 21781 2223 9 difficult difficult JJ 21781 2223 10 to to TO 21781 2223 11 see see VB 21781 2223 12 that that IN 21781 2223 13 if if IN 21781 2223 14 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2223 15 imagine imagine VBP 21781 2223 16 the the DT 21781 2223 17 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2223 18 wall wall NN 21781 2223 19 of of IN 21781 2223 20 the the DT 21781 2223 21 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2223 22 of of IN 21781 2223 23 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2223 24 to to TO 21781 2223 25 have have VB 21781 2223 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2223 27 cells cell NNS 21781 2223 28 enormously enormously RB 21781 2223 29 enlarged enlarge VBN 21781 2223 30 through through IN 21781 2223 31 the the DT 21781 2223 32 mixing mixing NN 21781 2223 33 of of IN 21781 2223 34 yolk yolk NN 21781 2223 35 with with IN 21781 2223 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2223 37 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2223 38 , , , 21781 2223 39 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2223 40 should should MD 21781 2223 41 have have VB 21781 2223 42 a a DT 21781 2223 43 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2223 44 essentially essentially RB 21781 2223 45 like like IN 21781 2223 46 that that DT 21781 2223 47 of of IN 21781 2223 48 the the DT 21781 2223 49 frog frog NN 21781 2223 50 . . . 21781 2224 1 Section section NN 21781 2224 2 10 10 CD 21781 2224 3 . . . 21781 2225 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2225 2 6 6 CD 21781 2225 3 shows show VBZ 21781 2225 4 a a DT 21781 2225 5 slightly slightly RB 21781 2225 6 later late JJR 21781 2225 7 ovum ovum NN 21781 2225 8 than than IN 21781 2225 9 Figure figure NN 21781 2225 10 5 5 CD 21781 2225 11 , , , 21781 2225 12 seen see VBN 21781 2225 13 from from IN 21781 2225 14 the the DT 21781 2225 15 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2225 16 side side NN 21781 2225 17 . . . 21781 2226 1 b.p b.p NNP 21781 2226 2 . . . 21781 2227 1 is be VBZ 21781 2227 2 the the DT 21781 2227 3 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2227 4 . . . 21781 2228 1 In in IN 21781 2228 2 front front NN 21781 2228 3 of of IN 21781 2228 4 that that DT 21781 2228 5 appears appear VBZ 21781 2228 6 a a DT 21781 2228 7 groove groove NN 21781 2228 8 , , , 21781 2228 9 the the DT 21781 2228 10 neural neural NNP 21781 2228 11 groove groove NNP 21781 2228 12 , , , 21781 2228 13 bordered border VBN 21781 2228 14 on on IN 21781 2228 15 either either DT 21781 2228 16 side side NN 21781 2228 17 by by IN 21781 2228 18 a a DT 21781 2228 19 ridge ridge NN 21781 2228 20 , , , 21781 2228 21 the the DT 21781 2228 22 neural neural JJ 21781 2228 23 fold fold NN 21781 2228 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2228 25 n.f n.f NNP 21781 2228 26 . . . 21781 2228 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2228 28 . . . 21781 2229 1 This this DT 21781 2229 2 is be VBZ 21781 2229 3 seen see VBN 21781 2229 4 in in IN 21781 2229 5 section section NN 21781 2229 6 in in IN 21781 2229 7 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2229 8 7 7 CD 21781 2229 9 ; ; : 21781 2229 10 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2229 11 . . NNP 21781 2229 12 is be VBZ 21781 2229 13 the the DT 21781 2229 14 neural neural NNP 21781 2229 15 groove groove NNP 21781 2229 16 ; ; : 21781 2229 17 n.f n.f NNP 21781 2229 18 . . NNP 21781 2229 19 , , , 21781 2229 20 as as IN 21781 2229 21 before before RB 21781 2229 22 , , , 21781 2229 23 the the DT 21781 2229 24 neural neural JJ 21781 2229 25 fold fold NN 21781 2229 26 . . . 21781 2230 1 The the DT 21781 2230 2 neural neural JJ 21781 2230 3 folds fold NNS 21781 2230 4 ultimately ultimately RB 21781 2230 5 bend bend VBP 21781 2230 6 over over RP 21781 2230 7 and and CC 21781 2230 8 meet meet VB 21781 2230 9 above above RB 21781 2230 10 , , , 21781 2230 11 so so IN 21781 2230 12 that that IN 21781 2230 13 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2230 14 . . NNP 21781 2230 15 becomes become VBZ 21781 2230 16 a a DT 21781 2230 17 canal canal NN 21781 2230 18 , , , 21781 2230 19 and and CC 21781 2230 20 is be VBZ 21781 2230 21 finally finally RB 21781 2230 22 separated separate VBN 21781 2230 23 from from IN 21781 2230 24 the the DT 21781 2230 25 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2230 26 to to TO 21781 2230 27 form form VB 21781 2230 28 the the DT 21781 2230 29 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2230 30 cord cord NN 21781 2230 31 . . . 21781 2231 1 Below below IN 21781 2231 2 the the DT 21781 2231 3 neural neural JJ 21781 2231 4 groove groove NN 21781 2231 5 a a DT 21781 2231 6 thickening thickening NN 21781 2231 7 of of IN 21781 2231 8 the the DT 21781 2231 9 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2231 10 wall wall NN 21781 2231 11 of of IN 21781 2231 12 the the DT 21781 2231 13 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2231 14 appears appear VBZ 21781 2231 15 , , , 21781 2231 16 and and CC 21781 2231 17 is be VBZ 21781 2231 18 pinched pinch VBN 21781 2231 19 off off RP 21781 2231 20 to to TO 21781 2231 21 form form VB 21781 2231 22 a a DT 21781 2231 23 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 21781 2231 24 rod rod NN 21781 2231 25 , , , 21781 2231 26 the the DT 21781 2231 27 precursor precursor NN 21781 2231 28 of of IN 21781 2231 29 the the DT 21781 2231 30 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2231 31 column column NN 21781 2231 32 , , , 21781 2231 33 the the DT 21781 2231 34 notochord notochord NN 21781 2231 35 , , , 21781 2231 36 shown show VBN 21781 2231 37 in in IN 21781 2231 38 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2231 39 7 7 CD 21781 2231 40 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2231 41 n.c n.c NNP 21781 2231 42 . . NNP 21781 2231 43 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2231 44 , , , 21781 2231 45 as as RB 21781 2231 46 imperfectly imperfectly RB 21781 2231 47 pinched pinch VBD 21781 2231 48 off off RP 21781 2231 49 . . . 21781 2232 1 Section section NN 21781 2232 2 11 11 CD 21781 2232 3 . . . 21781 2233 1 Simultaneously simultaneously RB 21781 2233 2 , , , 21781 2233 3 on on IN 21781 2233 4 either either DT 21781 2233 5 side side NN 21781 2233 6 of of IN 21781 2233 7 the the DT 21781 2233 8 notochord notochord NN 21781 2233 9 appear appear VBP 21781 2233 10 a a DT 21781 2233 11 series series NN 21781 2233 12 of of IN 21781 2233 13 solid solid JJ 21781 2233 14 masses masse NNS 21781 2233 15 of of IN 21781 2233 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2233 17 , , , 21781 2233 18 derived derive VBN 21781 2233 19 mainly mainly RB 21781 2233 20 by by IN 21781 2233 21 cell cell NN 21781 2233 22 division division NN 21781 2233 23 from from IN 21781 2233 24 the the DT 21781 2233 25 cells cell NNS 21781 2233 26 of of IN 21781 2233 27 the the DT 21781 2233 28 wall wall NN 21781 2233 29 of of IN 21781 2233 30 the the DT 21781 2233 31 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2233 32 , , , 21781 2233 33 and and CC 21781 2233 34 filling fill VBG 21781 2233 35 up up RP 21781 2233 36 and and CC 21781 2233 37 obliterating obliterate VBG 21781 2233 38 the the DT 21781 2233 39 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2233 40 cavity cavity NN 21781 2233 41 . . . 21781 2234 1 These these DT 21781 2234 2 masses masse NNS 21781 2234 3 increase increase VBP 21781 2234 4 in in IN 21781 2234 5 number number NN 21781 2234 6 by by IN 21781 2234 7 the the DT 21781 2234 8 addition addition NN 21781 2234 9 of of IN 21781 2234 10 fresh fresh JJ 21781 2234 11 ones one NNS 21781 2234 12 behind behind RB 21781 2234 13 , , , 21781 2234 14 during during IN 21781 2234 15 development development NN 21781 2234 16 , , , 21781 2234 17 and and CC 21781 2234 18 are be VBP 21781 2234 19 visible visible JJ 21781 2234 20 in in IN 21781 2234 21 the the DT 21781 2234 22 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2234 23 view view NN 21781 2234 24 as as IN 21781 2234 25 brick brick NN 21781 2234 26 - - HYPH 21781 2234 27 like like JJ 21781 2234 28 masses masse NNS 21781 2234 29 , , , 21781 2234 30 the the DT 21781 2234 31 mesoblastic mesoblastic NN 21781 2234 32 somites somite NNS 21781 2234 33 or or CC 21781 2234 34 proto proto JJ 21781 2234 35 - - HYPH 21781 2234 36 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 2234 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2234 38 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2234 39 6 6 CD 21781 2234 40 , , , 21781 2234 41 i. i. NNP 21781 2234 42 , , , 21781 2234 43 ii ii NNP 21781 2234 44 . . NNP 21781 2234 45 , , , 21781 2234 46 iii iii NNP 21781 2234 47 . . . 21781 2234 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2234 49 . . . 21781 2235 1 In in IN 21781 2235 2 Figure figure NN 21781 2235 3 7 7 CD 21781 2235 4 , , , 21781 2235 5 these these DT 21781 2235 6 masses masse NNS 21781 2235 7 are be VBP 21781 2235 8 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2235 9 by by IN 21781 2235 10 dotting dot VBG 21781 2235 11 . . . 21781 2236 1 In in IN 21781 2236 2 such such PDT 21781 2236 3 a a DT 21781 2236 4 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2236 5 type type NN 21781 2236 6 as as IN 21781 2236 7 amphioxus amphioxus JJ 21781 2236 8 these these DT 21781 2236 9 mesoblastic mesoblastic JJ 21781 2236 10 -somites- -somites- NN 21781 2236 11 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2236 12 masses masse NNS 21781 2236 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2236 14 contain contain VBP 21781 2236 15 a a DT 21781 2236 16 cavity cavity NN 21781 2236 17 , , , 21781 2236 18 destined destine VBN 21781 2236 19 to to TO 21781 2236 20 be be VB 21781 2236 21 the the DT 21781 2236 22 future future JJ 21781 2236 23 body body NN 21781 2236 24 cavity cavity NN 21781 2236 25 , , , 21781 2236 26 from from IN 21781 2236 27 the the DT 21781 2236 28 first first JJ 21781 2236 29 . . . 21781 2237 1 In in IN 21781 2237 2 the the DT 21781 2237 3 frog frog NN 21781 2237 4 , , , 21781 2237 5 the the DT 21781 2237 6 cavity cavity NN 21781 2237 7 is be VBZ 21781 2237 8 not not RB 21781 2237 9 at at IN 21781 2237 10 first first JJ 21781 2237 11 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2237 12 ; ; : 21781 2237 13 the the DT 21781 2237 14 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2237 15 at at IN 21781 2237 16 first first RB 21781 2237 17 seems seem VBZ 21781 2237 18 quite quite RB 21781 2237 19 solid solid JJ 21781 2237 20 , , , 21781 2237 21 but but CC 21781 2237 22 subsequently subsequently RB 21781 2237 23 what what WP 21781 2237 24 is be VBZ 21781 2237 25 called call VBN 21781 2237 26 the the DT 21781 2237 27 splitting splitting NN 21781 2237 28 of of IN 21781 2237 29 the the DT 21781 2237 30 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2237 31 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2237 32 , , , 21781 2237 33 and and CC 21781 2237 34 the the DT 21781 2237 35 body body NN 21781 2237 36 cavity cavity NN 21781 2237 37 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2237 38 b.c b.c NNP 21781 2237 39 . . . 21781 2238 1 in in IN 21781 2238 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2238 3 7 7 CD 21781 2238 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2238 5 appears appear VBZ 21781 2238 6 . . . 21781 2239 1 The the DT 21781 2239 2 outer outer JJ 21781 2239 3 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2239 4 , , , 21781 2239 5 lying lie VBG 21781 2239 6 immediately immediately RB 21781 2239 7 under under IN 21781 2239 8 the the DT 21781 2239 9 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2239 10 , , , 21781 2239 11 constitutes constitute VBZ 21781 2239 12 the the DT 21781 2239 13 substance substance NN 21781 2239 14 of of IN 21781 2239 15 the the DT 21781 2239 16 somatopleur somatopleur NN 21781 2239 17 , , , 21781 2239 18 and and CC 21781 2239 19 from from IN 21781 2239 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2239 21 will will MD 21781 2239 22 be be VB 21781 2239 23 formed form VBN 21781 2239 24 the the DT 21781 2239 25 dermis dermis NNP 21781 2239 26 , , , 21781 2239 27 the the DT 21781 2239 28 muscles muscle NNS 21781 2239 29 of of IN 21781 2239 30 the the DT 21781 2239 31 body body NN 21781 2239 32 wall wall NN 21781 2239 33 , , , 21781 2239 34 almost almost RB 21781 2239 35 all all PDT 21781 2239 36 the the DT 21781 2239 37 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2239 38 and and CC 21781 2239 39 bone bone NN 21781 2239 40 of of IN 21781 2239 41 the the DT 21781 2239 42 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 2239 43 , , , 21781 2239 44 the the DT 21781 2239 45 substance substance NN 21781 2239 46 of of IN 21781 2239 47 the the DT 21781 2239 48 limbs limb NNS 21781 2239 49 , , , 21781 2239 50 the the DT 21781 2239 51 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 2239 52 , , , 21781 2239 53 genital genital JJ 21781 2239 54 organs organ NNS 21781 2239 55 , , , 21781 2239 56 heart heart NN 21781 2239 57 and and CC 21781 2239 58 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2239 59 , , , 21781 2239 60 and and CC 21781 2239 61 , , , 21781 2239 62 in in IN 21781 2239 63 short short JJ 21781 2239 64 , , , 21781 2239 65 everything everything NN 21781 2239 66 between between IN 21781 2239 67 the the DT 21781 2239 68 dermis dermis NNP 21781 2239 69 and and CC 21781 2239 70 the the DT 21781 2239 71 coelom coelom NN 21781 2239 72 , , , 21781 2239 73 except except IN 21781 2239 74 the the DT 21781 2239 75 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2239 76 system system NN 21781 2239 77 and and CC 21781 2239 78 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2239 79 , , , 21781 2239 80 and and CC 21781 2239 81 the the DT 21781 2239 82 notochord notochord NN 21781 2239 83 . . . 21781 2240 1 The the DT 21781 2240 2 inner inner JJ 21781 2240 3 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2240 4 , , , 21781 2240 5 the the DT 21781 2240 6 mass mass NN 21781 2240 7 of of IN 21781 2240 8 the the DT 21781 2240 9 splanchnopleur splanchnopleur NN 21781 2240 10 , , , 21781 2240 11 will will MD 21781 2240 12 form form VB 21781 2240 13 the the DT 21781 2240 14 muscle muscle NN 21781 2240 15 and and CC 21781 2240 16 connective connective JJ 21781 2240 17 tissue tissue NN 21781 2240 18 of of IN 21781 2240 19 the the DT 21781 2240 20 wall wall NN 21781 2240 21 of of IN 21781 2240 22 the the DT 21781 2240 23 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2240 24 canal canal NN 21781 2240 25 , , , 21781 2240 26 and and CC 21781 2240 27 the the DT 21781 2240 28 binding bind VBG 21781 2240 29 substance substance NN 21781 2240 30 of of IN 21781 2240 31 the the DT 21781 2240 32 liver liver NN 21781 2240 33 and and CC 21781 2240 34 other other JJ 21781 2240 35 glands gland NNS 21781 2240 36 that that WDT 21781 2240 37 open open VBP 21781 2240 38 into into IN 21781 2240 39 the the DT 21781 2240 40 canal canal NN 21781 2240 41 . . . 21781 2241 1 Section section NN 21781 2241 2 12 12 CD 21781 2241 3 . . . 21781 2242 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2242 2 8 8 CD 21781 2242 3 is be VBZ 21781 2242 4 one one CD 21781 2242 5 which which WDT 21781 2242 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2242 7 reproduce reproduce VBP 21781 2242 8 , , , 21781 2242 9 with with IN 21781 2242 10 the the DT 21781 2242 11 necessary necessary JJ 21781 2242 12 changes change NNS 21781 2242 13 in in IN 21781 2242 14 each each DT 21781 2242 15 plate plate NN 21781 2242 16 of of IN 21781 2242 17 embryological embryological JJ 21781 2242 18 figures figure NNS 21781 2242 19 given give VBN 21781 2242 20 in in IN 21781 2242 21 this this DT 21781 2242 22 book book NN 21781 2242 23 , , , 21781 2242 24 so so IN 21781 2242 25 that that IN 21781 2242 26 the the DT 21781 2242 27 student student NN 21781 2242 28 will will MD 21781 2242 29 find find VB 21781 2242 30 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2242 31 a a DT 21781 2242 32 convenient convenient JJ 21781 2242 33 , , , 21781 2242 34 one one CD 21781 2242 35 for for IN 21781 2242 36 the the DT 21781 2242 37 purpose purpose NN 21781 2242 38 of of IN 21781 2242 39 comparison comparison NN 21781 2242 40 . . . 21781 2243 1 The the DT 21781 2243 2 lines line NNS 21781 2243 3 of of IN 21781 2243 4 dashes dash NNS 21781 2243 5 , , , 21781 2243 6 in in IN 21781 2243 7 all all DT 21781 2243 8 cases case NNS 21781 2243 9 , , , 21781 2243 10 signify signify VB 21781 2243 11 -epiblast- -epiblast- NNP 21781 2243 12 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2243 13 hypoblast hypoblast NNP 21781 2243 14 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2243 15 , , , 21781 2243 16 the the DT 21781 2243 17 unbroken unbroken JJ 21781 2243 18 black black JJ 21781 2243 19 line line NN 21781 2243 20 is be VBZ 21781 2243 21 -hypoblast- -hypoblast- NN 21781 2243 22 , , , 21781 2243 23 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2243 24 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2243 25 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2243 26 dotting dotting NN 21781 2243 27 shows show VBZ 21781 2243 28 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2243 29 , , , 21781 2243 30 and and CC 21781 2243 31 the the DT 21781 2243 32 shaded shaded JJ 21781 2243 33 rod rod NN 21781 2243 34 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2243 35 n.c n.c NNP 21781 2243 36 . . . 21781 2243 37 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2243 38 is be VBZ 21781 2243 39 the the DT 21781 2243 40 notochord notochord NN 21781 2243 41 . . . 21781 2244 1 c.s c.s NNP 21781 2244 2 . . . 21781 2245 1 is be VBZ 21781 2245 2 the the DT 21781 2245 3 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2245 4 cord cord NN 21781 2245 5 ; ; , 21781 2245 6 br.1 br.1 RB 21781 2245 7 , , , 21781 2245 8 br.2 br.2 NN 21781 2245 9 , , , 21781 2245 10 br.3 br.3 NNP 21781 2245 11 are be VBP 21781 2245 12 the the DT 21781 2245 13 three three CD 21781 2245 14 primary primary JJ 21781 2245 15 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 2245 16 which which WDT 21781 2245 17 constitute constitute VBP 21781 2245 18 the the DT 21781 2245 19 brain brain NN 21781 2245 20 , , , 21781 2245 21 and and CC 21781 2245 22 which which WDT 21781 2245 23 form form VBP 21781 2245 24 fore fore NN 21781 2245 25 , , , 21781 2245 26 mid mid NNP 21781 2245 27 , , , 21781 2245 28 and and CC 21781 2245 29 hind hind VB 21781 2245 30 brain brain NN 21781 2245 31 respectively respectively RB 21781 2245 32 . . . 21781 2246 1 I. I. NNP 21781 2246 2 is be VBZ 21781 2246 3 the the DT 21781 2246 4 intestine intestine NN 21781 2246 5 and and CC 21781 2246 6 Y. Y. NNP 21781 2246 7 the the DT 21781 2246 8 yolk yolk NN 21781 2246 9 cells cell VBZ 21781 2246 10 that that IN 21781 2246 11 at at IN 21781 2246 12 this this DT 21781 2246 13 early early JJ 21781 2246 14 stage stage NN 21781 2246 15 constitute constitute VB 21781 2246 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2246 17 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2246 18 wall wall NN 21781 2246 19 . . . 21781 2247 1 Section section NN 21781 2247 2 13 13 CD 21781 2247 3 . . . 21781 2248 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2248 2 9 9 CD 21781 2248 3 gives give VBZ 21781 2248 4 a a DT 21781 2248 5 similar similar JJ 21781 2248 6 diagram diagram NN 21781 2248 7 of of IN 21781 2248 8 a a DT 21781 2248 9 later later JJ 21781 2248 10 stage stage NN 21781 2248 11 , , , 21781 2248 12 but but CC 21781 2248 13 here here RB 21781 2248 14 the the DT 21781 2248 15 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2248 16 is be VBZ 21781 2248 17 closed close VBN 21781 2248 18 . . . 21781 2249 1 An an DT 21781 2249 2 epiblastic epiblastic JJ 21781 2249 3 tucking tucking NN 21781 2249 4 - - : 21781 2249 5 in in RP 21781 2249 6 at at IN 21781 2249 7 st st NNP 21781 2249 8 . . NNP 21781 2249 9 , , , 21781 2249 10 the the DT 21781 2249 11 stomodaeum stomodaeum NN 21781 2249 12 pre pre AFX 21781 2249 13 - - NNS 21781 2249 14 figures figure VBZ 21781 2249 15 the the DT 21781 2249 16 mouth mouth NN 21781 2249 17 ; ; , 21781 2249 18 pr pr NNP 21781 2249 19 . . NNP 21781 2249 20 , , , 21781 2249 21 the the DT 21781 2249 22 proctodaeum proctodaeum NN 21781 2249 23 , , , 21781 2249 24 is be VBZ 21781 2249 25 a a DT 21781 2249 26 similar similar JJ 21781 2249 27 posterior posterior NN 21781 2249 28 invagination invagination NN 21781 2249 29 which which WDT 21781 2249 30 will will MD 21781 2249 31 become become VB 21781 2249 32 the the DT 21781 2249 33 anus anus NN 21781 2249 34 . . . 21781 2250 1 Y. Y. NNP 21781 2250 2 , , , 21781 2250 3 the the DT 21781 2250 4 yolk yolk NN 21781 2250 5 , , , 21781 2250 6 is be VBZ 21781 2250 7 evidently evidently RB 21781 2250 8 much much RB 21781 2250 9 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 2250 10 . . . 21781 2251 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2251 2 10 10 CD 21781 2251 3 is be VBZ 21781 2251 4 a a DT 21781 2251 5 young young JJ 21781 2251 6 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2251 7 , , , 21781 2251 8 seen see VBN 21781 2251 9 from from IN 21781 2251 10 the the DT 21781 2251 11 side side NN 21781 2251 12 . . . 21781 2252 1 The the DT 21781 2252 2 still still RB 21781 2252 3 unabsorbed unabsorbed JJ 21781 2252 4 yolk yolk NN 21781 2252 5 in in IN 21781 2252 6 the the DT 21781 2252 7 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2252 8 wall wall NN 21781 2252 9 of of IN 21781 2252 10 the the DT 21781 2252 11 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 2252 12 gives give VBZ 21781 2252 13 the the DT 21781 2252 14 creature creature NN 21781 2252 15 a a DT 21781 2252 16 big big JJ 21781 2252 17 belly belly NN 21781 2252 18 . . . 21781 2253 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2253 2 mouth mouth NN 21781 2253 3 is be VBZ 21781 2253 4 suctorial suctorial JJ 21781 2253 5 at at IN 21781 2253 6 this this DT 21781 2253 7 stage stage NN 21781 2253 8 , , , 21781 2253 9 and and CC 21781 2253 10 behind behind IN 21781 2253 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2253 12 is be VBZ 21781 2253 13 a a DT 21781 2253 14 sucker sucker NN 21781 2253 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2253 16 s. s. NNP 21781 2253 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2253 18 by by IN 21781 2253 19 which which WDT 21781 2253 20 the the DT 21781 2253 21 larvae larvae NNP 21781 2253 22 attach attach VBP 21781 2253 23 themselves -PRON- PRP 21781 2253 24 to to IN 21781 2253 25 floating float VBG 21781 2253 26 reeds reed NNS 21781 2253 27 and and CC 21781 2253 28 wood wood NN 21781 2253 29 , , , 21781 2253 30 as as IN 21781 2253 31 shown show VBN 21781 2253 32 in in IN 21781 2253 33 the the DT 21781 2253 34 three three CD 21781 2253 35 black black JJ 21781 2253 36 figures figure NNS 21781 2253 37 below below RB 21781 2253 38 . . . 21781 2254 1 Section section NN 21781 2254 2 14 14 CD 21781 2254 3 . . . 21781 2255 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2255 2 may may MD 21781 2255 3 now now RB 21781 2255 4 consider consider VB 21781 2255 5 the the DT 21781 2255 6 development development NN 21781 2255 7 of of IN 21781 2255 8 the the DT 21781 2255 9 different different JJ 21781 2255 10 organs organ NNS 21781 2255 11 slightly slightly RB 21781 2255 12 more more RBR 21781 2255 13 in in IN 21781 2255 14 detail detail NN 21781 2255 15 , , , 21781 2255 16 though though IN 21781 2255 17 much much JJ 21781 2255 18 of of IN 21781 2255 19 this this DT 21781 2255 20 has have VBZ 21781 2255 21 already already RB 21781 2255 22 been be VBN 21781 2255 23 approached approach VBN 21781 2255 24 . . . 21781 2256 1 The the DT 21781 2256 2 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2256 3 system system NN 21781 2256 4 , , , 21781 2256 5 before before IN 21781 2256 6 the the DT 21781 2256 7 closure closure NN 21781 2256 8 of of IN 21781 2256 9 the the DT 21781 2256 10 neural neural JJ 21781 2256 11 groove groove NNP 21781 2256 12 , , , 21781 2256 13 has have VBZ 21781 2256 14 three three CD 21781 2256 15 anterior anterior JJ 21781 2256 16 dilatations dilatation NNS 21781 2256 17 , , , 21781 2256 18 the the DT 21781 2256 19 fore- fore- NN 21781 2256 20 , , , 21781 2256 21 mid- mid- NN 21781 2256 22 , , , 21781 2256 23 and and CC 21781 2256 24 hind hind NN 21781 2256 25 - - HYPH 21781 2256 26 brains brain NNS 21781 2256 27 , , , 21781 2256 28 the the DT 21781 2256 29 first first JJ 21781 2256 30 of of IN 21781 2256 31 which which WDT 21781 2256 32 gives give VBZ 21781 2256 33 rise rise NN 21781 2256 34 by by IN 21781 2256 35 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2256 36 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 2256 37 to to IN 21781 2256 38 two two CD 21781 2256 39 pairs pair NNS 21781 2256 40 of of IN 21781 2256 41 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2256 42 structures structure NNS 21781 2256 43 , , , 21781 2256 44 the the DT 21781 2256 45 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 2256 46 and and CC 21781 2256 47 the the DT 21781 2256 48 optic optic JJ 21781 2256 49 vesicles vesicle NNS 21781 2256 50 . . . 21781 2257 1 The the DT 21781 2257 2 latter latter JJ 21781 2257 3 give give VBP 21781 2257 4 rise rise NN 21781 2257 5 to to IN 21781 2257 6 the the DT 21781 2257 7 retina retina NNP 21781 2257 8 and and CC 21781 2257 9 optic optic JJ 21781 2257 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 2257 11 as as IN 21781 2257 12 described describe VBN 21781 2257 13 in in IN 21781 2257 14 { { -LRB- 21781 2257 15 Development Development NNP 21781 2257 16 } } -RRB- 21781 2257 17 Section Section NNP 21781 2257 18 40 40 CD 21781 2257 19 . . . 21781 2258 1 Section section NN 21781 2258 2 15 15 CD 21781 2258 3 . . . 21781 2259 1 The the DT 21781 2259 2 hypoblastic hypoblastic JJ 21781 2259 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 2259 4 is be VBZ 21781 2259 5 early early RB 21781 2259 6 embraced embrace VBN 21781 2259 7 by by IN 21781 2259 8 a a DT 21781 2259 9 mesoblastic mesoblastic JJ 21781 2259 10 sheath sheath NN 21781 2259 11 derived derive VBN 21781 2259 12 from from IN 21781 2259 13 the the DT 21781 2259 14 protovertebrae protovertebrae NNS 21781 2259 15 . . . 21781 2260 1 This this DT 21781 2260 2 becomes become VBZ 21781 2260 3 truly truly RB 21781 2260 4 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2260 5 , , , 21781 2260 6 and and CC 21781 2260 7 at at IN 21781 2260 8 regular regular JJ 21781 2260 9 intervals interval NNS 21781 2260 10 is be VBZ 21781 2260 11 alternately alternately RB 21781 2260 12 thicker thick JJR 21781 2260 13 and and CC 21781 2260 14 thinner thin JJR 21781 2260 15 , , , 21781 2260 16 compressing compress VBG 21781 2260 17 the the DT 21781 2260 18 notochord notochord NN 21781 2260 19 at at IN 21781 2260 20 the the DT 21781 2260 21 thicker thick JJR 21781 2260 22 parts part NNS 21781 2260 23 . . . 21781 2261 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2261 2 the the DT 21781 2261 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 2261 4 has have VBZ 21781 2261 5 a a DT 21781 2261 6 beaded bead VBN 21781 2261 7 form form NN 21781 2261 8 within within IN 21781 2261 9 this this DT 21781 2261 10 , , , 21781 2261 11 at at IN 21781 2261 12 first first JJ 21781 2261 13 , , , 21781 2261 14 continuous continuous JJ 21781 2261 15 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2261 16 sheath sheath NN 21781 2261 17 . . . 21781 2262 1 This this DT 21781 2262 2 sheath sheath NN 21781 2262 3 is be VBZ 21781 2262 4 soon soon RB 21781 2262 5 cut cut VBN 21781 2262 6 into into IN 21781 2262 7 a a DT 21781 2262 8 series series NN 21781 2262 9 of of IN 21781 2262 10 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2262 11 bodies body NNS 21781 2262 12 by by IN 21781 2262 13 jointings jointing NNS 21781 2262 14 appearing appear VBG 21781 2262 15 through through IN 21781 2262 16 the the DT 21781 2262 17 points point NNS 21781 2262 18 where where WRB 21781 2262 19 the the DT 21781 2262 20 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2262 21 is be VBZ 21781 2262 22 thickest thickest DT 21781 2262 23 and and CC 21781 2262 24 the the DT 21781 2262 25 notochord notochord NN 21781 2262 26 most most RBS 21781 2262 27 constricted constrict VBD 21781 2262 28 . . . 21781 2263 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2263 2 what what WP 21781 2263 3 remains remain VBZ 21781 2263 4 of of IN 21781 2263 5 the the DT 21781 2263 6 notochord notochord NN 21781 2263 7 lies lie VBZ 21781 2263 8 within within IN 21781 2263 9 the the DT 21781 2263 10 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2263 11 bodies body NNS 21781 2263 12 in in IN 21781 2263 13 the the DT 21781 2263 14 frog frog NN 21781 2263 15 ; ; : 21781 2263 16 while while IN 21781 2263 17 in in IN 21781 2263 18 a a DT 21781 2263 19 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2263 20 fish fish NN 21781 2263 21 , , , 21781 2263 22 such such JJ 21781 2263 23 as as IN 21781 2263 24 the the DT 21781 2263 25 dog dog NN 21781 2263 26 - - HYPH 21781 2263 27 fish fish NN 21781 2263 28 , , , 21781 2263 29 or or CC 21781 2263 30 in in IN 21781 2263 31 the the DT 21781 2263 32 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2263 33 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2263 34 , , , 21781 2263 35 the the DT 21781 2263 36 lines line NNS 21781 2263 37 of of IN 21781 2263 38 separation separation NN 21781 2263 39 appear appear VB 21781 2263 40 where where WRB 21781 2263 41 the the DT 21781 2263 42 notochord notochord NN 21781 2263 43 is be VBZ 21781 2263 44 thickest thick JJS 21781 2263 45 , , , 21781 2263 46 and and CC 21781 2263 47 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2263 48 comes come VBZ 21781 2263 49 to to TO 21781 2263 50 lie lie VB 21781 2263 51 between between IN 21781 2263 52 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2263 53 - - HYPH 21781 2263 54 faced faced JJ 21781 2263 55 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 2263 56 . . . 21781 2264 1 Cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2264 2 neural neural JJ 21781 2264 3 arches arch NNS 21781 2264 4 and and CC 21781 2264 5 spines spine NNS 21781 2264 6 , , , 21781 2264 7 formed form VBN 21781 2264 8 outside outside IN 21781 2264 9 the the DT 21781 2264 10 notochordal notochordal JJ 21781 2264 11 sheath sheath NN 21781 2264 12 , , , 21781 2264 13 enclose enclose VB 21781 2264 14 the the DT 21781 2264 15 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2264 16 cord cord NN 21781 2264 17 in in IN 21781 2264 18 an an DT 21781 2264 19 arcade arcade NN 21781 2264 20 . . . 21781 2265 1 The the DT 21781 2265 2 final final JJ 21781 2265 3 phase phase NN 21781 2265 4 is be VBZ 21781 2265 5 ossification ossification NN 21781 2265 6 . . . 21781 2266 1 As as IN 21781 2266 2 the the DT 21781 2266 3 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2266 4 approaches approach VBZ 21781 2266 5 the the DT 21781 2266 6 frog frog NN 21781 2266 7 stage stage VB 21781 2266 8 the the DT 21781 2266 9 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2266 10 column column NN 21781 2266 11 in in IN 21781 2266 12 the the DT 21781 2266 13 tail tail NN 21781 2266 14 is be VBZ 21781 2266 15 rapidly rapidly RB 21781 2266 16 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 2266 17 , , , 21781 2266 18 and and CC 21781 2266 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2266 20 vestiges vestige NNS 21781 2266 21 appear appear VBP 21781 2266 22 in in IN 21781 2266 23 the the DT 21781 2266 24 adult adult NN 21781 2266 25 as as IN 21781 2266 26 the the DT 21781 2266 27 urostyle urostyle NNS 21781 2266 28 . . . 21781 2267 1 Section section NN 21781 2267 2 16 16 CD 21781 2267 3 . . . 21781 2268 1 The the DT 21781 2268 2 development development NN 21781 2268 3 of of IN 21781 2268 4 the the DT 21781 2268 5 skull skull NN 21781 2268 6 is be VBZ 21781 2268 7 entirely entirely RB 21781 2268 8 dissimilar dissimilar JJ 21781 2268 9 to to IN 21781 2268 10 that that DT 21781 2268 11 of of IN 21781 2268 12 the the DT 21781 2268 13 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2268 14 column column NN 21781 2268 15 . . . 21781 2269 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2269 2 is be VBZ 21781 2269 3 shown show VBN 21781 2269 4 on on IN 21781 2269 5 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2269 6 1 1 CD 21781 2269 7 and and CC 21781 2269 8 8 8 CD 21781 2269 9 , , , 21781 2269 10 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2269 11 14 14 CD 21781 2269 12 ; ; : 21781 2269 13 and and CC 21781 2269 14 in in IN 21781 2269 15 the the DT 21781 2269 16 section section NN 21781 2269 17 devoted devote VBN 21781 2269 18 to to IN 21781 2269 19 the the DT 21781 2269 20 frog frog NN 21781 2269 21 's 's POS 21781 2269 22 skull skull NN 21781 2269 23 a a DT 21781 2269 24 very very RB 21781 2269 25 complete complete JJ 21781 2269 26 account account NN 21781 2269 27 of of IN 21781 2269 28 the the DT 21781 2269 29 process process NN 21781 2269 30 is be VBZ 21781 2269 31 given give VBN 21781 2269 32 . . . 21781 2270 1 The the DT 21781 2270 2 process process NN 21781 2270 3 of of IN 21781 2270 4 ossification ossification NN 21781 2270 5 is be VBZ 21781 2270 6 described describe VBN 21781 2270 7 under under IN 21781 2270 8 the the DT 21781 2270 9 histology histology NN 21781 2270 10 of of IN 21781 2270 11 the the DT 21781 2270 12 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 2270 13 . . . 21781 2271 1 Section section NN 21781 2271 2 17 17 CD 21781 2271 3 . . . 21781 2272 1 The the DT 21781 2272 2 origin origin NN 21781 2272 3 of of IN 21781 2272 4 the the DT 21781 2272 5 circulatory circulatory JJ 21781 2272 6 and and CC 21781 2272 7 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 2272 8 organs organ NNS 21781 2272 9 is be VBZ 21781 2272 10 of of IN 21781 2272 11 especial especial JJ 21781 2272 12 interest interest NN 21781 2272 13 in in IN 21781 2272 14 the the DT 21781 2272 15 frog frog NN 21781 2272 16 . . . 21781 2273 1 In in IN 21781 2273 2 the the DT 21781 2273 3 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2273 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2273 5 have have VBP 21781 2273 6 essentially essentially RB 21781 2273 7 the the DT 21781 2273 8 necessities necessity NNS 21781 2273 9 and and CC 21781 2273 10 organization organization NN 21781 2273 11 of of IN 21781 2273 12 the the DT 21781 2273 13 fish fish NN 21781 2273 14 ; ; : 21781 2273 15 in in IN 21781 2273 16 the the DT 21781 2273 17 adult adult NN 21781 2273 18 frog frog NN 21781 2273 19 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2273 20 have have VBP 21781 2273 21 a a DT 21781 2273 22 clear clear JJ 21781 2273 23 exposition exposition NN 21781 2273 24 of of IN 21781 2273 25 the the DT 21781 2273 26 structure structure NN 21781 2273 27 of of IN 21781 2273 28 pigeon pigeon NN 21781 2273 29 and and CC 21781 2273 30 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2273 31 . . . 21781 2274 1 The the DT 21781 2274 2 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2274 3 has have VBZ 21781 2274 4 , , , 21781 2274 5 at at IN 21781 2274 6 first first RB 21781 2274 7 , , , 21781 2274 8 a a DT 21781 2274 9 straight straight JJ 21781 2274 10 tubular tubular JJ 21781 2274 11 heart heart NN 21781 2274 12 , , , 21781 2274 13 burrowed burrow VBN 21781 2274 14 out out RP 21781 2274 15 in in IN 21781 2274 16 somatic somatic JJ 21781 2274 17 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2274 18 , , , 21781 2274 19 and and CC 21781 2274 20 produced produce VBD 21781 2274 21 forward forward RB 21781 2274 22 into into IN 21781 2274 23 a a DT 21781 2274 24 truncus truncus JJ 21781 2274 25 arteriosus arteriosus NN 21781 2274 26 . . . 21781 2275 1 From from IN 21781 2275 2 this this DT 21781 2275 3 arise arise VB 21781 2275 4 four four CD 21781 2275 5 afferent afferent NN 21781 2275 6 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2275 7 arteries artery NNS 21781 2275 8 , , , 21781 2275 9 running run VBG 21781 2275 10 up up RP 21781 2275 11 along along IN 21781 2275 12 the the DT 21781 2275 13 sides side NNS 21781 2275 14 of of IN 21781 2275 15 the the DT 21781 2275 16 four four CD 21781 2275 17 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2275 18 arches arch NNS 21781 2275 19 , , , 21781 2275 20 and and CC 21781 2275 21 supplying supply VBG 21781 2275 22 gills gill NNS 21781 2275 23 . . . 21781 2276 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 2276 2 unite unite VBP 21781 2276 3 above above RB 21781 2276 4 on on IN 21781 2276 5 either either DT 21781 2276 6 side side NN 21781 2276 7 in in IN 21781 2276 8 paired pair VBN 21781 2276 9 hyper hyper JJ 21781 2276 10 - - JJ 21781 2276 11 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2276 12 arteries artery NNS 21781 2276 13 , , , 21781 2276 14 which which WDT 21781 2276 15 meet meet VBP 21781 2276 16 behind behind IN 21781 2276 17 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2276 18 to to IN 21781 2276 19 the the DT 21781 2276 20 liver liver NN 21781 2276 21 , , , 21781 2276 22 to to TO 21781 2276 23 form form VB 21781 2276 24 a a DT 21781 2276 25 median median JJ 21781 2276 26 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2276 27 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2276 28 . . . 21781 2277 1 Internal internal JJ 21781 2277 2 and and CC 21781 2277 3 external external JJ 21781 2277 4 carotid carotid NNS 21781 2277 5 arteries artery NNS 21781 2277 6 supply supply VBP 21781 2277 7 the the DT 21781 2277 8 head head NN 21781 2277 9 . . . 21781 2278 1 These these DT 21781 2278 2 four four CD 21781 2278 3 afferent afferent NN 21781 2278 4 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2278 5 arches arch NNS 21781 2278 6 are be VBP 21781 2278 7 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 2278 8 to to IN 21781 2278 9 the the DT 21781 2278 10 first first JJ 21781 2278 11 four four CD 21781 2278 12 of of IN 21781 2278 13 the the DT 21781 2278 14 five five CD 21781 2278 15 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2278 16 of of IN 21781 2278 17 the the DT 21781 2278 18 dog dog NN 21781 2278 19 - - HYPH 21781 2278 20 fish fish NN 21781 2278 21 . . . 21781 2279 1 At at IN 21781 2279 2 first first RB 21781 2279 3 , , , 21781 2279 4 the the DT 21781 2279 5 paired pair VBN 21781 2279 6 gills gill NNS 21781 2279 7 are be VBP 21781 2279 8 three three CD 21781 2279 9 in in IN 21781 2279 10 number number NN 21781 2279 11 , , , 21781 2279 12 external external JJ 21781 2279 13 , , , 21781 2279 14 and and CC 21781 2279 15 tree tree NN 21781 2279 16 - - HYPH 21781 2279 17 like like JJ 21781 2279 18 , , , 21781 2279 19 covered cover VBN 21781 2279 20 by by IN 21781 2279 21 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2279 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2279 23 Figures figure NNS 21781 2279 24 10 10 CD 21781 2279 25 and and CC 21781 2279 26 11 11 CD 21781 2279 27 , , , 21781 2279 28 e.g. e.g. RB 21781 2280 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2280 2 , , , 21781 2280 3 and and CC 21781 2280 4 not not RB 21781 2280 5 to to TO 21781 2280 6 be be VB 21781 2280 7 compared compare VBN 21781 2280 8 to to TO 21781 2280 9 fish fish VB 21781 2280 10 gills gill NNS 21781 2280 11 in in IN 21781 2280 12 structure structure NN 21781 2280 13 , , , 21781 2280 14 or or CC 21781 2280 15 in in IN 21781 2280 16 fact fact NN 21781 2280 17 -with- -with- NN 21781 2280 18 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2280 19 to to IN 21781 2280 20 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2280 21 any any DT 21781 2280 22 other other JJ 21781 2280 23 gills gill NNS 21781 2280 24 within within IN 21781 2280 25 the the DT 21781 2280 26 limits limit NNS 21781 2280 27 of of IN 21781 2280 28 the the DT 21781 2280 29 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2280 30 . . . 21781 2281 1 Subsequently subsequently RB 21781 2281 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2281 3 hypoblastic hypoblastic JJ 21781 2281 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2281 5 internal internal JJ 21781 2281 6 gills gill NNS 21781 2281 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2281 8 int.g int.g UH 21781 2281 9 . . . 21781 2281 10 , , , 21781 2281 11 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2281 12 12 12 CD 21781 2281 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2281 14 , , , 21781 2281 15 strictly strictly RB 21781 2281 16 homologous homologous JJ 21781 2281 17 with with IN 21781 2281 18 the the DT 21781 2281 19 gills gill NNS 21781 2281 20 of of IN 21781 2281 21 a a DT 21781 2281 22 fish fish NN 21781 2281 23 , , , 21781 2281 24 appear appear VBP 21781 2281 25 . . . 21781 2282 1 Then then RB 21781 2282 2 a a DT 21781 2282 3 flap flap NN 21781 2282 4 of of IN 21781 2282 5 skin skin NN 21781 2282 6 outside outside IN 21781 2282 7 the the DT 21781 2282 8 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 2282 9 arch arch NN 21781 2282 10 grows grow VBZ 21781 2282 11 back back RB 21781 2282 12 to to TO 21781 2282 13 cover cover VB 21781 2282 14 over over IN 21781 2282 15 the the DT 21781 2282 16 gills gill NNS 21781 2282 17 ; ; : 21781 2282 18 this this DT 21781 2282 19 is be VBZ 21781 2282 20 the the DT 21781 2282 21 operculum operculum NN 21781 2282 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2282 23 op op NN 21781 2282 24 . . . 21781 2283 1 in in IN 21781 2283 2 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2283 3 11 11 CD 21781 2283 4 and and CC 21781 2283 5 12 12 CD 21781 2283 6 , , , 21781 2283 7 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2283 8 22 22 CD 21781 2283 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2283 10 , , , 21781 2283 11 and and CC 21781 2283 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2283 13 finally finally RB 21781 2283 14 encloses enclose VBZ 21781 2283 15 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2283 16 in in IN 21781 2283 17 a a DT 21781 2283 18 gill gill JJ 21781 2283 19 chamber chamber NN 21781 2283 20 , , , 21781 2283 21 open open JJ 21781 2283 22 only only RB 21781 2283 23 by by IN 21781 2283 24 a a DT 21781 2283 25 pore pore NN 21781 2283 26 on on IN 21781 2283 27 the the DT 21781 2283 28 left left NN 21781 2283 29 , , , 21781 2283 30 which which WDT 21781 2283 31 resembles resemble VBZ 21781 2283 32 in in IN 21781 2283 33 structure structure NN 21781 2283 34 and and CC 21781 2283 35 physiological physiological JJ 21781 2283 36 meaning meaning NN 21781 2283 37 , , , 21781 2283 38 but but CC 21781 2283 39 differs differ NNS 21781 2283 40 evidently evidently RB 21781 2283 41 very very RB 21781 2283 42 widely widely RB 21781 2283 43 in in IN 21781 2283 44 development development NN 21781 2283 45 , , , 21781 2283 46 from from IN 21781 2283 47 the the DT 21781 2283 48 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2283 49 atrium atrium NN 21781 2283 50 . . . 21781 2284 1 At at IN 21781 2284 2 this this DT 21781 2284 3 time time NN 21781 2284 4 , , , 21781 2284 5 the the DT 21781 2284 6 lungs lung NNS 21781 2284 7 are be VBP 21781 2284 8 developing develop VBG 21781 2284 9 as as IN 21781 2284 10 paired pair VBN 21781 2284 11 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2284 12 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 2284 13 on on IN 21781 2284 14 the the DT 21781 2284 15 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2284 16 side side NN 21781 2284 17 of of IN 21781 2284 18 the the DT 21781 2284 19 throat throat NN 21781 2284 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2284 21 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2284 22 12 12 CD 21781 2284 23 , , , 21781 2284 24 L. L. NNP 21781 2284 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2284 26 . . . 21781 2285 1 As as IN 21781 2285 2 the the DT 21781 2285 3 limbs limb NNS 21781 2285 4 develop develop VBP 21781 2285 5 , , , 21781 2285 6 and and CC 21781 2285 7 the the DT 21781 2285 8 tail tail NN 21781 2285 9 dwindles dwindle NNS 21781 2285 10 , , , 21781 2285 11 the the DT 21781 2285 12 gill gill JJ 21781 2285 13 chamber chamber NN 21781 2285 14 is be VBZ 21781 2285 15 obliterated obliterate VBN 21781 2285 16 . . . 21781 2286 1 The the DT 21781 2286 2 capillary capillary JJ 21781 2286 3 interruptions interruption NNS 21781 2286 4 of of IN 21781 2286 5 the the DT 21781 2286 6 gills gill NNS 21781 2286 7 on on IN 21781 2286 8 the the DT 21781 2286 9 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2286 10 arches arch NNS 21781 2286 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2286 12 aortic aortic NNP 21781 2286 13 arches arch NNS 21781 2286 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2286 15 are be VBP 21781 2286 16 also also RB 21781 2286 17 obliterated obliterate VBN 21781 2286 18 . . . 21781 2287 1 The the DT 21781 2287 2 carotid carotid JJ 21781 2287 3 gland gland NN 21781 2287 4 occupies occupy VBZ 21781 2287 5 the the DT 21781 2287 6 position position NN 21781 2287 7 of of IN 21781 2287 8 the the DT 21781 2287 9 first first JJ 21781 2287 10 of of IN 21781 2287 11 these these DT 21781 2287 12 in in IN 21781 2287 13 the the DT 21781 2287 14 adult adult NN 21781 2287 15 . . . 21781 2288 1 The the DT 21781 2288 2 front front JJ 21781 2288 3 branchial branchial NN 21781 2288 4 arch arch NN 21781 2288 5 here here RB 21781 2288 6 , , , 21781 2288 7 as as IN 21781 2288 8 in in IN 21781 2288 9 all all DT 21781 2288 10 higher high JJR 21781 2288 11 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2288 12 , , , 21781 2288 13 becomes become VBZ 21781 2288 14 the the DT 21781 2288 15 carotid carotid NNS 21781 2288 16 arch arch NN 21781 2288 17 ; ; : 21781 2288 18 the the DT 21781 2288 19 lingual lingual NN 21781 2288 20 represents represent VBZ 21781 2288 21 the the DT 21781 2288 22 base base NN 21781 2288 23 of of IN 21781 2288 24 a a DT 21781 2288 25 pre pre JJ 21781 2288 26 - - JJ 21781 2288 27 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2288 28 vessel vessel NN 21781 2288 29 ; ; : 21781 2288 30 the the DT 21781 2288 31 second second JJ 21781 2288 32 branchial branchial NN 21781 2288 33 becomes become VBZ 21781 2288 34 the the DT 21781 2288 35 aortic aortic NN 21781 2288 36 arch arch NN 21781 2288 37 . . . 21781 2289 1 The the DT 21781 2289 2 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2289 3 loses lose VBZ 21781 2289 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2289 5 connection connection NN 21781 2289 6 with with IN 21781 2289 7 the the DT 21781 2289 8 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2289 9 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2289 10 , , , 21781 2289 11 and and CC 21781 2289 12 sends send VBZ 21781 2289 13 a a DT 21781 2289 14 branch branch NN 21781 2289 15 to to IN 21781 2289 16 the the DT 21781 2289 17 developing develop VBG 21781 2289 18 lung lung NN 21781 2289 19 , , , 21781 2289 20 which which WDT 21781 2289 21 becomes become VBZ 21781 2289 22 the the DT 21781 2289 23 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 2289 24 artery artery NN 21781 2289 25 . . . 21781 2290 1 The the DT 21781 2290 2 third third JJ 21781 2290 3 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2290 4 . . . 21781 2291 1 A a DT 21781 2291 2 somewhat somewhat RB 21781 2291 3 different different JJ 21781 2291 4 account account NN 21781 2291 5 to to IN 21781 2291 6 this this DT 21781 2291 7 is be VBZ 21781 2291 8 still still RB 21781 2291 9 found find VBN 21781 2291 10 in in IN 21781 2291 11 some some DT 21781 2291 12 text text NN 21781 2291 13 - - HYPH 21781 2291 14 books book NNS 21781 2291 15 of of IN 21781 2291 16 the the DT 21781 2291 17 fate fate NN 21781 2291 18 of of IN 21781 2291 19 this this DT 21781 2291 20 third third JJ 21781 2291 21 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2291 22 arch arch NN 21781 2291 23 . . . 21781 2292 1 Balfour Balfour NNP 21781 2292 2 would would MD 21781 2292 3 appear appear VB 21781 2292 4 to to TO 21781 2292 5 have have VB 21781 2292 6 been be VBN 21781 2292 7 of of IN 21781 2292 8 opinion opinion NN 21781 2292 9 that that IN 21781 2292 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2292 11 gave give VBD 21781 2292 12 rise rise NN 21781 2292 13 to to IN 21781 2292 14 the the DT 21781 2292 15 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 2292 16 artery artery NN 21781 2292 17 , , , 21781 2292 18 and and CC 21781 2292 19 that that IN 21781 2292 20 the the DT 21781 2292 21 third third JJ 21781 2292 22 and and CC 21781 2292 23 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2292 24 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2292 25 coalesced coalesce VBN 21781 2292 26 to to TO 21781 2292 27 form form VB 21781 2292 28 the the DT 21781 2292 29 pulmocutaneous pulmocutaneous JJ 21781 2292 30 , , , 21781 2292 31 the the DT 21781 2292 32 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2292 33 arch arch NN 21781 2292 34 moving move VBG 21781 2292 35 forward forward RB 21781 2292 36 so so IN 21781 2292 37 as as IN 21781 2292 38 to to TO 21781 2292 39 arise arise VB 21781 2292 40 from from IN 21781 2292 41 the the DT 21781 2292 42 base base NN 21781 2292 43 of of IN 21781 2292 44 the the DT 21781 2292 45 third third JJ 21781 2292 46 ; ; : 21781 2292 47 and and CC 21781 2292 48 most most JJS 21781 2292 49 elementary elementary JJ 21781 2292 50 works work NNS 21781 2292 51 follow follow VBP 21781 2292 52 him -PRON- PRP 21781 2292 53 . . . 21781 2293 1 This this DT 21781 2293 2 opinion opinion NN 21781 2293 3 was be VBD 21781 2293 4 strengthened strengthen VBN 21781 2293 5 by by IN 21781 2293 6 the the DT 21781 2293 7 fact fact NN 21781 2293 8 that that IN 21781 2293 9 in in IN 21781 2293 10 the the DT 21781 2293 11 higher high JJR 21781 2293 12 types type NNS 21781 2293 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2293 14 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 2293 15 , , , 21781 2293 16 birds bird NNS 21781 2293 17 , , , 21781 2293 18 and and CC 21781 2293 19 mammals mammal NNS 21781 2293 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2293 21 no no DT 21781 2293 22 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2293 23 branchial branchial NN 21781 2293 24 arch arch NN 21781 2293 25 was be VBD 21781 2293 26 observed observe VBN 21781 2293 27 , , , 21781 2293 28 and and CC 21781 2293 29 the the DT 21781 2293 30 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2293 31 third third NN 21781 2293 32 , , , 21781 2293 33 becomes become VBZ 21781 2293 34 the the DT 21781 2293 35 pulmonary pulmonary NN 21781 2293 36 . . . 21781 2294 1 But but CC 21781 2294 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2294 3 has have VBZ 21781 2294 4 since since IN 21781 2294 5 been be VBN 21781 2294 6 shown show VBN 21781 2294 7 that that IN 21781 2294 8 a a DT 21781 2294 9 transitory transitory JJ 21781 2294 10 third third JJ 21781 2294 11 arch arch JJ 21781 2294 12 appears appear NNS 21781 2294 13 and and CC 21781 2294 14 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2294 15 in in IN 21781 2294 16 these these DT 21781 2294 17 types type NNS 21781 2294 18 . . . 21781 2295 1 Section section NN 21781 2295 2 18 18 CD 21781 2295 3 . . . 21781 2296 1 The the DT 21781 2296 2 origin origin NN 21781 2296 3 of of IN 21781 2296 4 the the DT 21781 2296 5 renal renal JJ 21781 2296 6 organ organ NN 21781 2296 7 and and CC 21781 2296 8 duct duct NN 21781 2296 9 has have VBZ 21781 2296 10 very very RB 21781 2296 11 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2296 12 controversial controversial JJ 21781 2296 13 interest interest NN 21781 2296 14 . . . 21781 2297 1 * * NFP 21781 2297 2 In in IN 21781 2297 3 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2297 4 13 13 CD 21781 2297 5 , , , 21781 2297 6 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2297 7 22 22 CD 21781 2297 8 , , , 21781 2297 9 a a DT 21781 2297 10 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2297 11 cross cross JJ 21781 2297 12 - - NN 21781 2297 13 section section NN 21781 2297 14 , , , 21781 2297 15 of of IN 21781 2297 16 an an DT 21781 2297 17 embryo embryo NN 21781 2297 18 is be VBZ 21781 2297 19 shown show VBN 21781 2297 20 . . . 21781 2298 1 I. I. NNP 21781 2298 2 is be VBZ 21781 2298 3 the the DT 21781 2298 4 intestine intestine NN 21781 2298 5 , , , 21781 2298 6 coe coe UH 21781 2298 7 . . . 21781 2299 1 the the DT 21781 2299 2 coelom coelom NNP 21781 2299 3 , , , 21781 2299 4 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2299 5 . . NNP 21781 2299 6 the the DT 21781 2299 7 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2299 8 cord cord NN 21781 2299 9 ; ; : 21781 2299 10 n.c n.c NNP 21781 2299 11 . . . 21781 2299 12 the the DT 21781 2299 13 notochord notochord NN 21781 2299 14 , , , 21781 2299 15 surrounded surround VBN 21781 2299 16 by by IN 21781 2299 17 n.s n.s NNP 21781 2299 18 . . NNP 21781 2299 19 , , , 21781 2299 20 the the DT 21781 2299 21 notochordal notochordal JJ 21781 2299 22 sheath sheath NN 21781 2299 23 , , , 21781 2299 24 ao ao NNP 21781 2299 25 . . . 21781 2300 1 is be VBZ 21781 2300 2 the the DT 21781 2300 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2300 4 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2300 5 . . . 21781 2301 1 In in IN 21781 2301 2 the the DT 21781 2301 3 masses masse NNS 21781 2301 4 of of IN 21781 2301 5 somatic somatic JJ 21781 2301 6 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2301 7 on on IN 21781 2301 8 either either DT 21781 2301 9 side side NN 21781 2301 10 , , , 21781 2301 11 a a DT 21781 2301 12 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 21781 2301 13 canal canal NN 21781 2301 14 appears appear VBZ 21781 2301 15 , , , 21781 2301 16 which which WDT 21781 2301 17 , , , 21781 2301 18 in in IN 21781 2301 19 the the DT 21781 2301 20 torpedo torpedo NN 21781 2301 21 , , , 21781 2301 22 a a DT 21781 2301 23 fish fish NN 21781 2301 24 related relate VBN 21781 2301 25 to to IN 21781 2301 26 the the DT 21781 2301 27 dog dog NN 21781 2301 28 - - HYPH 21781 2301 29 fish fish NN 21781 2301 30 , , , 21781 2301 31 and and CC 21781 2301 32 in in IN 21781 2301 33 the the DT 21781 2301 34 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2301 35 , , , 21781 2301 36 and and CC 21781 2301 37 possibly possibly RB 21781 2301 38 in in IN 21781 2301 39 all all DT 21781 2301 40 other other JJ 21781 2301 41 cases case NNS 21781 2301 42 , , , 21781 2301 43 is be VBZ 21781 2301 44 epiblastic epiblastic JJ 21781 2301 45 in in IN 21781 2301 46 origin origin NN 21781 2301 47 . . . 21781 2302 1 This this DT 21781 2302 2 is be VBZ 21781 2302 3 the the DT 21781 2302 4 segmental segmental JJ 21781 2302 5 duct duct NN 21781 2302 6 , , , 21781 2302 7 which which WDT 21781 2302 8 persists persist VBZ 21781 2302 9 , , , 21781 2302 10 apparently apparently RB 21781 2302 11 , , , 21781 2302 12 as as IN 21781 2302 13 the the DT 21781 2302 14 Wolffian wolffian JJ 21781 2302 15 duct duct NN 21781 2302 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2302 17 W.D. W.D. NNP 21781 2302 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2302 19 . . . 21781 2303 1 Ventral ventral JJ 21781 2303 2 to to IN 21781 2303 3 this this DT 21781 2303 4 appears appear VBZ 21781 2303 5 a a DT 21781 2303 6 parallel parallel JJ 21781 2303 7 canal canal NN 21781 2303 8 , , , 21781 2303 9 the the DT 21781 2303 10 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2303 11 duct duct NN 21781 2303 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2303 13 M.D. M.D. NNP 21781 2304 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2304 2 , , , 21781 2304 3 which which WDT 21781 2304 4 is be VBZ 21781 2304 5 often often RB 21781 2304 6 described describe VBN 21781 2304 7 as as IN 21781 2304 8 being be VBG 21781 2304 9 split split VBN 21781 2304 10 off off RP 21781 2304 11 from from IN 21781 2304 12 the the DT 21781 2304 13 segmental segmental JJ 21781 2304 14 duct duct NN 21781 2304 15 , , , 21781 2304 16 but but CC 21781 2304 17 which which WDT 21781 2304 18 is be VBZ 21781 2304 19 , , , 21781 2304 20 very very RB 21781 2304 21 probably probably RB 21781 2304 22 , , , 21781 2304 23 an an DT 21781 2304 24 independent independent JJ 21781 2304 25 structure structure NN 21781 2304 26 in in IN 21781 2304 27 the the DT 21781 2304 28 frog frog NN 21781 2304 29 . . . 21781 2305 1 A a DT 21781 2305 2 number number NN 21781 2305 3 of of IN 21781 2305 4 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 2305 5 , , , 21781 2305 6 at at IN 21781 2305 7 first first RB 21781 2305 8 metamerically metamerically RB 21781 2305 9 arranged arrange VBN 21781 2305 10 , , , 21781 2305 11 now now RB 21781 2305 12 appear appear VB 21781 2305 13 , , , 21781 2305 14 each each DT 21781 2305 15 opening opening NN 21781 2305 16 , , , 21781 2305 17 on on IN 21781 2305 18 the the DT 21781 2305 19 one one CD 21781 2305 20 hand hand NN 21781 2305 21 , , , 21781 2305 22 into into IN 21781 2305 23 the the DT 21781 2305 24 coelom coelom NN 21781 2305 25 by by IN 21781 2305 26 a a DT 21781 2305 27 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 2305 28 mouth mouth NN 21781 2305 29 , , , 21781 2305 30 the the DT 21781 2305 31 nephrostome nephrostome NN 21781 2305 32 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2305 33 n.s n.s NNP 21781 2305 34 . . . 21781 2306 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2306 2 , , , 21781 2306 3 and and CC 21781 2306 4 on on IN 21781 2306 5 the the DT 21781 2306 6 other other JJ 21781 2306 7 into into IN 21781 2306 8 the the DT 21781 2306 9 segmental segmental JJ 21781 2306 10 duct duct NN 21781 2306 11 . . . 21781 2307 1 These these DT 21781 2307 2 tubuli tubuli NNS 21781 2307 3 are be VBP 21781 2307 4 the the DT 21781 2307 5 segmental segmental JJ 21781 2307 6 tubes tube NNS 21781 2307 7 or or CC 21781 2307 8 nephridia nephridia NN 21781 2307 9 . . . 21781 2308 1 There there EX 21781 2308 2 grows grow VBZ 21781 2308 3 out out RP 21781 2308 4 from from IN 21781 2308 5 the the DT 21781 2308 6 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2308 7 , , , 21781 2308 8 towards towards IN 21781 2308 9 each each DT 21781 2308 10 , , , 21781 2308 11 a a DT 21781 2308 12 bunch bunch NN 21781 2308 13 , , , 21781 2308 14 of of IN 21781 2308 15 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2308 16 , , , 21781 2308 17 the the DT 21781 2308 18 glomerulus glomerulus NN 21781 2308 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2308 20 compare compare VB 21781 2308 21 Section Section NNP 21781 2308 22 62 62 CD 21781 2308 23 , , , 21781 2308 24 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 2308 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2308 26 . . . 21781 2309 1 These these DT 21781 2309 2 tubuli tubuli NNS 21781 2309 3 ultimately ultimately RB 21781 2309 4 become become VBP 21781 2309 5 , , , 21781 2309 6 in in IN 21781 2309 7 part part NN 21781 2309 8 , , , 21781 2309 9 the the DT 21781 2309 10 renal renal JJ 21781 2309 11 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 2309 12 , , , 21781 2309 13 so so IN 21781 2309 14 that that IN 21781 2309 15 the the DT 21781 2309 16 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2309 17 kidney kidney NN 21781 2309 18 stretches stretch NNS 21781 2309 19 , , , 21781 2309 20 at at IN 21781 2309 21 first first RB 21781 2309 22 , , , 21781 2309 23 along along IN 21781 2309 24 the the DT 21781 2309 25 length length NN 21781 2309 26 of of IN 21781 2309 27 the the DT 21781 2309 28 body body NN 21781 2309 29 cavity cavity NN 21781 2309 30 from from IN 21781 2309 31 the the DT 21781 2309 32 region region NN 21781 2309 33 , , , 21781 2309 34 of of IN 21781 2309 35 the the DT 21781 2309 36 gill gill JJ 21781 2309 37 - - HYPH 21781 2309 38 slits slit NNS 21781 2309 39 backward backward RB 21781 2309 40 . . . 21781 2310 1 The the DT 21781 2310 2 anterior anterior JJ 21781 2310 3 part part NN 21781 2310 4 of of IN 21781 2310 5 the the DT 21781 2310 6 kidney kidney NN 21781 2310 7 , , , 21781 2310 8 called call VBD 21781 2310 9 the the DT 21781 2310 10 pronephros pronephro NNS 21781 2310 11 , , , 21781 2310 12 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2310 13 in in IN 21781 2310 14 the the DT 21781 2310 15 later later JJ 21781 2310 16 larval larval NN 21781 2310 17 stages stage NNS 21781 2310 18 . . . 21781 2311 1 Internal internal JJ 21781 2311 2 to to IN 21781 2311 3 the the DT 21781 2311 4 kidney kidney NN 21781 2311 5 on on IN 21781 2311 6 either either DT 21781 2311 7 side side NN 21781 2311 8 there there EX 21781 2311 9 has have VBZ 21781 2311 10 appeared appear VBN 21781 2311 11 a a DT 21781 2311 12 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 21781 2311 13 ridge ridge NN 21781 2311 14 , , , 21781 2311 15 the the DT 21781 2311 16 genital genital JJ 21781 2311 17 ridge ridge NN 21781 2311 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2311 19 g.r g.r NNP 21781 2311 20 . . . 21781 2312 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2312 2 , , , 21781 2312 3 which which WDT 21781 2312 4 gives give VBZ 21781 2312 5 rise rise NN 21781 2312 6 to to IN 21781 2312 7 testes testis NNS 21781 2312 8 or or CC 21781 2312 9 ovary ovary JJ 21781 2312 10 , , , 21781 2312 11 as as IN 21781 2312 12 the the DT 21781 2312 13 case case NN 21781 2312 14 may may MD 21781 2312 15 be be VB 21781 2312 16 . . . 21781 2313 1 * * NFP 21781 2313 2 In in IN 21781 2313 3 the the DT 21781 2313 4 discussion discussion NN 21781 2313 5 whether whether IN 21781 2313 6 the the DT 21781 2313 7 vertebrata vertebrata NN 21781 2313 8 have have VBP 21781 2313 9 arisen arise VBN 21781 2313 10 from from IN 21781 2313 11 some some DT 21781 2313 12 ancestral ancestral JJ 21781 2313 13 type type NN 21781 2313 14 , , , 21781 2313 15 like like IN 21781 2313 16 the the DT 21781 2313 17 earthworm earthworm NN 21781 2313 18 , , , 21781 2313 19 metamerically metamerically RB 21781 2313 20 segmented segmented JJ 21781 2313 21 , , , 21781 2313 22 and and CC 21781 2313 23 of of IN 21781 2313 24 fairly fairly RB 21781 2313 25 high high JJ 21781 2313 26 organization organization NN 21781 2313 27 , , , 21781 2313 28 or or CC 21781 2313 29 from from IN 21781 2313 30 a a DT 21781 2313 31 much much RB 21781 2313 32 lower low JJR 21781 2313 33 form form NN 21781 2313 34 , , , 21781 2313 35 possibly possibly RB 21781 2313 36 even even RB 21781 2313 37 from from IN 21781 2313 38 a a DT 21781 2313 39 coelenterate coelenterate NN 21781 2313 40 . . . 21781 2314 1 Such such PDT 21781 2314 2 a a DT 21781 2314 3 discussion discussion NN 21781 2314 4 is be VBZ 21781 2314 5 entirely entirely RB 21781 2314 6 outside outside IN 21781 2314 7 the the DT 21781 2314 8 scope scope NN 21781 2314 9 of of IN 21781 2314 10 the the DT 21781 2314 11 book book NN 21781 2314 12 , , , 21781 2314 13 though though IN 21781 2314 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2314 15 mention mention NN 21781 2314 16 is be VBZ 21781 2314 17 necessary necessary JJ 21781 2314 18 to to TO 21781 2314 19 explain explain VB 21781 2314 20 the the DT 21781 2314 21 importance importance NN 21781 2314 22 given give VBN 21781 2314 23 to to IN 21781 2314 24 these these DT 21781 2314 25 organs organ NNS 21781 2314 26 . . . 21781 2315 1 Section section NN 21781 2315 2 19 19 CD 21781 2315 3 . . . 21781 2316 1 The the DT 21781 2316 2 student student NN 21781 2316 3 should should MD 21781 2316 4 now now RB 21781 2316 5 compare compare VB 21781 2316 6 the the DT 21781 2316 7 figures figure NNS 21781 2316 8 on on IN 21781 2316 9 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2316 10 17 17 CD 21781 2316 11 . . . 21781 2317 1 In in IN 21781 2317 2 the the DT 21781 2317 3 male male NN 21781 2317 4 , , , 21781 2317 5 tubular tubular JJ 21781 2317 6 connections connection NNS 21781 2317 7 are be VBP 21781 2317 8 established establish VBN 21781 2317 9 between between IN 21781 2317 10 the the DT 21781 2317 11 testes testis NNS 21781 2317 12 and and CC 21781 2317 13 the the DT 21781 2317 14 middle middle JJ 21781 2317 15 part part NN 21781 2317 16 of of IN 21781 2317 17 the the DT 21781 2317 18 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2317 19 kidney kidney NN 21781 2317 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2317 21 mesonephros mesonephros NNP 21781 2317 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2317 23 . . . 21781 2318 1 These these DT 21781 2318 2 connections connection NNS 21781 2318 3 are be VBP 21781 2318 4 the the DT 21781 2318 5 vasa vasa NNP 21781 2318 6 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 2318 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2318 8 v.e v.e NNP 21781 2318 9 . . . 21781 2319 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2319 2 , , , 21781 2319 3 and and CC 21781 2319 4 the the DT 21781 2319 5 mesonephros mesonephro NNS 21781 2319 6 is be VBZ 21781 2319 7 now now RB 21781 2319 8 equivalent equivalent JJ 21781 2319 9 to to IN 21781 2319 10 the the DT 21781 2319 11 epididymis epididymi NNS 21781 2319 12 of of IN 21781 2319 13 the the DT 21781 2319 14 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2319 15 . . . 21781 2320 1 The the DT 21781 2320 2 Wolffian wolffian JJ 21781 2320 3 duct duct NN 21781 2320 4 is be VBZ 21781 2320 5 the the DT 21781 2320 6 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 2320 7 duct duct NN 21781 2320 8 of of IN 21781 2320 9 the the DT 21781 2320 10 adult adult NN 21781 2320 11 , , , 21781 2320 12 and and CC 21781 2320 13 the the DT 21781 2320 14 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2320 15 duct duct NN 21781 2320 16 is be VBZ 21781 2320 17 entirely entirely RB 21781 2320 18 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 2320 19 , , , 21781 2320 20 or or CC 21781 2320 21 remains remain VBZ 21781 2320 22 , , , 21781 2320 23 more more RBR 21781 2320 24 or or CC 21781 2320 25 less less RBR 21781 2320 26 , , , 21781 2320 27 in in IN 21781 2320 28 exceptional exceptional JJ 21781 2320 29 cases case NNS 21781 2320 30 . . . 21781 2321 1 In in IN 21781 2321 2 the the DT 21781 2321 3 female female NN 21781 2321 4 , , , 21781 2321 5 the the DT 21781 2321 6 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2321 7 duct duct NN 21781 2321 8 increases increase VBZ 21781 2321 9 greatly greatly RB 21781 2321 10 in in IN 21781 2321 11 length-- length-- NNP 21781 2321 12 so so IN 21781 2321 13 that that IN 21781 2321 14 at at IN 21781 2321 15 sexual sexual JJ 21781 2321 16 maturity maturity NN 21781 2321 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2321 18 white white JJ 21781 2321 19 coils coil NNS 21781 2321 20 appear appear VBP 21781 2321 21 thicker thick JJR 21781 2321 22 and and CC 21781 2321 23 longer long JJR 21781 2321 24 than than IN 21781 2321 25 the the DT 21781 2321 26 intestine-- intestine-- NNP 21781 2321 27 and and CC 21781 2321 28 becomes become VBZ 21781 2321 29 the the DT 21781 2321 30 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 2321 31 ; ; : 21781 2321 32 the the DT 21781 2321 33 Wolffian wolffian JJ 21781 2321 34 duct duct NN 21781 2321 35 is be VBZ 21781 2321 36 the the DT 21781 2321 37 ureter ureter NN 21781 2321 38 , , , 21781 2321 39 and and CC 21781 2321 40 the the DT 21781 2321 41 mesonephros mesonephro NNS 21781 2321 42 is be VBZ 21781 2321 43 not not RB 21781 2321 44 perverted pervert VBN 21781 2321 45 in in IN 21781 2321 46 function function NN 21781 2321 47 from from IN 21781 2321 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2321 49 primary primary JJ 21781 2321 50 renal renal JJ 21781 2321 51 duty duty NN 21781 2321 52 . . . 21781 2322 1 Section section NN 21781 2322 2 20 20 CD 21781 2322 3 . . . 21781 2323 1 Tabulating tabulate VBG 21781 2323 2 these these DT 21781 2323 3 facts-- facts-- NN 21781 2323 4 In in IN 21781 2323 5 the the DT 21781 2323 6 adult adult NN 21781 2323 7 male male NN 21781 2323 8 : : : 21781 2323 9 Pronephros Pronephros NNP 21781 2323 10 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2323 11 . . . 21781 2324 1 The the DT 21781 2324 2 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2324 3 duct duct NN 21781 2324 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2324 5 ? ? . 21781 2325 1 = = SYM 21781 2325 2 pronephric pronephric NN 21781 2325 3 duct duct NN 21781 2325 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2325 5 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2325 6 . . . 21781 2326 1 Mesonephros Mesonephros NNP 21781 2326 2 = = SYM 21781 2326 3 Epididymis Epididymis NNP 21781 2326 4 ; ; : 21781 2326 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2326 6 duct duct NN 21781 2326 7 , , , 21781 2326 8 the the DT 21781 2326 9 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 2326 10 . . . 21781 2327 1 Metanephros Metanephros NNP 21781 2327 2 and and CC 21781 2327 3 duct duct NN 21781 2327 4 , , , 21781 2327 5 not not RB 21781 2327 6 clearly clearly RB 21781 2327 7 marked mark VBN 21781 2327 8 off off RP 21781 2327 9 from from IN 21781 2327 10 Mesonephros Mesonephros NNP 21781 2327 11 . . . 21781 2328 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2328 2 Compare Compare NNP 21781 2328 3 Dog Dog NNP 21781 2328 4 - - HYPH 21781 2328 5 fish fish NN 21781 2328 6 , , , 21781 2328 7 Section section NN 21781 2328 8 19 19 CD 21781 2328 9 . . . 21781 2328 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2329 1 In in IN 21781 2329 2 the the DT 21781 2329 3 adult adult NN 21781 2329 4 female female NN 21781 2329 5 : : : 21781 2329 6 Pronephros Pronephros NNP 21781 2329 7 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2329 8 . . . 21781 2330 1 The the DT 21781 2330 2 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2330 3 duct duct NN 21781 2330 4 , , , 21781 2330 5 the the DT 21781 2330 6 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 2330 7 . . . 21781 2331 1 Mesonephros Mesonephros NNP 21781 2331 2 and and CC 21781 2331 3 Metanephros Metanephros NNP 21781 2331 4 , , , 21781 2331 5 the the DT 21781 2331 6 kidney kidney NN 21781 2331 7 , , , 21781 2331 8 and and CC 21781 2331 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2331 10 unseparated unseparated JJ 21781 2331 11 ducts duct NNS 21781 2331 12 , , , 21781 2331 13 the the DT 21781 2331 14 ureters ureter NNS 21781 2331 15 . . . 21781 2332 1 Section section NN 21781 2332 2 21 21 CD 21781 2332 3 . . . 21781 2333 1 Hermaphrodism Hermaphrodism NNP 21781 2333 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2333 3 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 2333 4 , , , 21781 2333 5 cases case NNS 21781 2333 6 of of IN 21781 2333 7 common common JJ 21781 2333 8 sex sex NN 21781 2333 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2333 10 is be VBZ 21781 2333 11 occasionally occasionally RB 21781 2333 12 found find VBN 21781 2333 13 among among IN 21781 2333 14 frogs frog NNS 21781 2333 15 ; ; : 21781 2333 16 the the DT 21781 2333 17 testis testis NNP 21781 2333 18 produces produce VBZ 21781 2333 19 ova ova NNP 21781 2333 20 in in IN 21781 2333 21 places place NNS 21781 2333 22 , , , 21781 2333 23 and and CC 21781 2333 24 the the DT 21781 2333 25 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2333 26 duct duct NN 21781 2333 27 is be VBZ 21781 2333 28 retained retain VBN 21781 2333 29 and and CC 21781 2333 30 functional functional JJ 21781 2333 31 . . . 21781 2334 1 The the DT 21781 2334 2 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 2334 3 nephrostomata nephrostomata NN 21781 2334 4 remain remain VBP 21781 2334 5 open open JJ 21781 2334 6 to to IN 21781 2334 7 a a DT 21781 2334 8 late late JJ 21781 2334 9 stage stage NN 21781 2334 10 of of IN 21781 2334 11 development development NN 21781 2334 12 in in IN 21781 2334 13 the the DT 21781 2334 14 frog frog NN 21781 2334 15 , , , 21781 2334 16 and and CC 21781 2334 17 in in IN 21781 2334 18 many many JJ 21781 2334 19 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 2334 20 throughout throughout IN 21781 2334 21 life life NN 21781 2334 22 . . . 21781 2335 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2335 2 connection connection NN 21781 2335 3 with with IN 21781 2335 4 the the DT 21781 2335 5 renal renal JJ 21781 2335 6 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 2335 7 is be VBZ 21781 2335 8 , , , 21781 2335 9 however however RB 21781 2335 10 , , , 21781 2335 11 lost lose VBD 21781 2335 12 . . . 21781 2336 1 Section section NN 21781 2336 2 22 22 CD 21781 2336 3 . . . 21781 2337 1 The the DT 21781 2337 2 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2337 3 canal canal NN 21781 2337 4 is be VBZ 21781 2337 5 , , , 21781 2337 6 at at IN 21781 2337 7 first first RB 21781 2337 8 , , , 21781 2337 9 a a DT 21781 2337 10 straight straight JJ 21781 2337 11 tube tube NN 21781 2337 12 . . . 21781 2338 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2338 2 disproportionate disproportionate JJ 21781 2338 3 increase increase NN 21781 2338 4 in in IN 21781 2338 5 length length NN 21781 2338 6 throws throw NNS 21781 2338 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2338 8 into into IN 21781 2338 9 a a DT 21781 2338 10 spiral spiral NN 21781 2338 11 in in IN 21781 2338 12 the the DT 21781 2338 13 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2338 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2338 15 int int VB 21781 2338 16 . . . 21781 2339 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2339 2 11 11 CD 21781 2339 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2339 4 , , , 21781 2339 5 and and CC 21781 2339 6 accounts account VBZ 21781 2339 7 for for IN 21781 2339 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2339 9 coiling coiling NN 21781 2339 10 in in IN 21781 2339 11 the the DT 21781 2339 12 frog frog NN 21781 2339 13 . . . 21781 2340 1 The the DT 21781 2340 2 liver liver NN 21781 2340 3 and and CC 21781 2340 4 other other JJ 21781 2340 5 digestive digestive JJ 21781 2340 6 glands gland NNS 21781 2340 7 are be VBP 21781 2340 8 first first RB 21781 2340 9 formed form VBN 21781 2340 10 , , , 21781 2340 11 like like IN 21781 2340 12 the the DT 21781 2340 13 lungs lung NNS 21781 2340 14 , , , 21781 2340 15 as as IN 21781 2340 16 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2340 17 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 2340 18 , , , 21781 2340 19 and and CC 21781 2340 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2340 21 lining lining NN 21781 2340 22 is be VBZ 21781 2340 23 therefore therefore RB 21781 2340 24 hypoblastic hypoblastic JJ 21781 2340 25 . . . 21781 2341 1 The the DT 21781 2341 2 greatest great JJS 21781 2341 3 relative relative JJ 21781 2341 4 length length NN 21781 2341 5 of of IN 21781 2341 6 intestine intestine NN 21781 2341 7 is be VBZ 21781 2341 8 found find VBN 21781 2341 9 in in IN 21781 2341 10 the the DT 21781 2341 11 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2341 12 , , , 21781 2341 13 which which WDT 21781 2341 14 , , , 21781 2341 15 being be VBG 21781 2341 16 a a DT 21781 2341 17 purely purely RB 21781 2341 18 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 2341 19 feeder feeder NN 21781 2341 20 , , , 21781 2341 21 must must MD 21781 2341 22 needs needs VB 21781 2341 23 effect effect VB 21781 2341 24 the the DT 21781 2341 25 maximum maximum JJ 21781 2341 26 amount amount NN 21781 2341 27 of of IN 21781 2341 28 preparatory preparatory JJ 21781 2341 29 change change NN 21781 2341 30 in in IN 21781 2341 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2341 32 food food NN 21781 2341 33 . . . 21781 2342 1 _ _ NNP 21781 2342 2 The the DT 21781 2342 3 Development Development NNP 21781 2342 4 of of IN 21781 2342 5 the the DT 21781 2342 6 Fowl Fowl NNP 21781 2342 7 _ _ NNP 21781 2342 8 Section Section NNP 21781 2342 9 23 23 CD 21781 2342 10 . . . 21781 2343 1 The the DT 21781 2343 2 frog frog NN 21781 2343 3 has have VBZ 21781 2343 4 an an DT 21781 2343 5 ovum ovum NN 21781 2343 6 with with IN 21781 2343 7 a a DT 21781 2343 8 moderate moderate JJ 21781 2343 9 allowance allowance NN 21781 2343 10 of of IN 21781 2343 11 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2343 12 , , , 21781 2343 13 but but CC 21781 2343 14 the the DT 21781 2343 15 quantity quantity NN 21781 2343 16 is be VBZ 21781 2343 17 only only RB 21781 2343 18 sufficient sufficient JJ 21781 2343 19 to to TO 21781 2343 20 start start VB 21781 2343 21 the the DT 21781 2343 22 little little JJ 21781 2343 23 animal animal NN 21781 2343 24 a a DT 21781 2343 25 part part NN 21781 2343 26 of of IN 21781 2343 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2343 28 way way NN 21781 2343 29 towards towards IN 21781 2343 30 the the DT 21781 2343 31 adult adult NN 21781 2343 32 state state NN 21781 2343 33 . . . 21781 2344 1 The the DT 21781 2344 2 fowl fowl NN 21781 2344 3 , , , 21781 2344 4 on on IN 21781 2344 5 the the DT 21781 2344 6 contrary contrary NN 21781 2344 7 , , , 21781 2344 8 has have VBZ 21781 2344 9 an an DT 21781 2344 10 enormous enormous JJ 21781 2344 11 ovum ovum NN 21781 2344 12 , , , 21781 2344 13 gorged gorge VBN 21781 2344 14 excessively excessively RB 21781 2344 15 , , , 21781 2344 16 with with IN 21781 2344 17 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2344 18 , , , 21781 2344 19 and and CC 21781 2344 20 as as IN 21781 2344 21 a a DT 21781 2344 22 consequence consequence NN 21781 2344 23 the the DT 21781 2344 24 chick chick NNP 21781 2344 25 is be VBZ 21781 2344 26 almost almost RB 21781 2344 27 perfected perfect VBN 21781 2344 28 when when WRB 21781 2344 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2344 30 is be VBZ 21781 2344 31 hatched hatch VBN 21781 2344 32 . . . 21781 2345 1 The the DT 21781 2345 2 so so RB 21781 2345 3 - - HYPH 21781 2345 4 called call VBN 21781 2345 5 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2345 6 , , , 21781 2345 7 the the DT 21781 2345 8 yellow yellow NN 21781 2345 9 of of IN 21781 2345 10 an an DT 21781 2345 11 egg egg NN 21781 2345 12 , , , 21781 2345 13 is be VBZ 21781 2345 14 the the DT 21781 2345 15 ovum ovum NN 21781 2345 16 proper proper JJ 21781 2345 17 ; ; : 21781 2345 18 around around IN 21781 2345 19 that that DT 21781 2345 20 is be VBZ 21781 2345 21 a a DT 21781 2345 22 coating coating NN 21781 2345 23 of of IN 21781 2345 24 white white JJ 21781 2345 25 albumen albuman NNS 21781 2345 26 , , , 21781 2345 27 in in IN 21781 2345 28 a a DT 21781 2345 29 shell shell NN 21781 2345 30 membrane membrane NN 21781 2345 31 and and CC 21781 2345 32 a a DT 21781 2345 33 shell shell NN 21781 2345 34 . . . 21781 2346 1 At at IN 21781 2346 2 either either DT 21781 2346 3 end end NN 21781 2346 4 of of IN 21781 2346 5 the the DT 21781 2346 6 yolk yolk NN 21781 2346 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2346 8 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2346 9 1 1 CD 21781 2346 10 , , , 21781 2346 11 y. y. NNP 21781 2346 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2347 1 twisted twisted JJ 21781 2347 2 strands strand NNS 21781 2347 3 of of IN 21781 2347 4 albuminous albuminous JJ 21781 2347 5 matter matter NN 21781 2347 6 , , , 21781 2347 7 the the DT 21781 2347 8 chalazae chalaza NNS 21781 2347 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2347 10 ch ch NNP 21781 2347 11 . . . 21781 2347 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2348 1 keep keep VB 21781 2348 2 the the DT 21781 2348 3 yolk yolk NN 21781 2348 4 in in IN 21781 2348 5 place place NN 21781 2348 6 . . . 21781 2349 1 The the DT 21781 2349 2 animal animal NN 21781 2349 3 pole pole NN 21781 2349 4 is be VBZ 21781 2349 5 a a DT 21781 2349 6 small small JJ 21781 2349 7 grey grey JJ 21781 2349 8 protoplasmic protoplasmic NNP 21781 2349 9 area area NN 21781 2349 10 , , , 21781 2349 11 the the DT 21781 2349 12 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2349 13 area area NN 21781 2349 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2349 15 g.a g.a NNP 21781 2349 16 . . . 21781 2350 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2350 2 , , , 21781 2350 3 on on IN 21781 2350 4 the the DT 21781 2350 5 yolk yolk NN 21781 2350 6 . . . 21781 2351 1 Section section NN 21781 2351 2 24 24 CD 21781 2351 3 . . . 21781 2352 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2352 2 pointed point VBD 21781 2352 3 out out RP 21781 2352 4 that that IN 21781 2352 5 the the DT 21781 2352 6 presence presence NN 21781 2352 7 of of IN 21781 2352 8 the the DT 21781 2352 9 yolk yolk NN 21781 2352 10 in in IN 21781 2352 11 the the DT 21781 2352 12 frog frog NN 21781 2352 13 's 's POS 21781 2352 14 egg egg NN 21781 2352 15 led lead VBD 21781 2352 16 to to IN 21781 2352 17 a a DT 21781 2352 18 difference difference NN 21781 2352 19 in in IN 21781 2352 20 the the DT 21781 2352 21 size size NN 21781 2352 22 of of IN 21781 2352 23 the the DT 21781 2352 24 cells cell NNS 21781 2352 25 at at IN 21781 2352 26 the the DT 21781 2352 27 animal animal NN 21781 2352 28 and and CC 21781 2352 29 vegetable vegetable NN 21781 2352 30 poles pole NNS 21781 2352 31 . . . 21781 2353 1 The the DT 21781 2353 2 late late JJ 21781 2353 3 F.M. F.M. NNP 21781 2354 1 Balfour Balfour NNP 21781 2354 2 , , , 21781 2354 3 borrowing borrow VBG 21781 2354 4 a a DT 21781 2354 5 mathematical mathematical JJ 21781 2354 6 technicality technicality NN 21781 2354 7 , , , 21781 2354 8 suggested suggest VBD 21781 2354 9 that that IN 21781 2354 10 the the DT 21781 2354 11 rate rate NN 21781 2354 12 of of IN 21781 2354 13 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2354 14 in in IN 21781 2354 15 any any DT 21781 2354 16 part part NN 21781 2354 17 of of IN 21781 2354 18 an an DT 21781 2354 19 ovum ovum NN 21781 2354 20 varies vary VBZ 21781 2354 21 inversely inversely RB 21781 2354 22 with with IN 21781 2354 23 the the DT 21781 2354 24 amount amount NN 21781 2354 25 of of IN 21781 2354 26 yolk yolk NN 21781 2354 27 . . . 21781 2355 1 In in IN 21781 2355 2 the the DT 21781 2355 3 fowl fowl NN 21781 2355 4 's 's POS 21781 2355 5 egg egg NN 21781 2355 6 , , , 21781 2355 7 except except IN 21781 2355 8 just just RB 21781 2355 9 at at IN 21781 2355 10 the the DT 21781 2355 11 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2355 12 area area NN 21781 2355 13 , , , 21781 2355 14 the the DT 21781 2355 15 active active JJ 21781 2355 16 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2355 17 is be VBZ 21781 2355 18 at at IN 21781 2355 19 a a DT 21781 2355 20 minimum minimum NN 21781 2355 21 , , , 21781 2355 22 the the DT 21781 2355 23 inert inert JJ 21781 2355 24 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2355 25 at at IN 21781 2355 26 a a DT 21781 2355 27 maximum maximum NN 21781 2355 28 ; ; : 21781 2355 29 the the DT 21781 2355 30 ratio ratio NN 21781 2355 31 of of IN 21781 2355 32 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2355 33 to to TO 21781 2355 34 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2355 35 is be VBZ 21781 2355 36 practically practically RB 21781 2355 37 infinity infinity NN 21781 2355 38 , , , 21781 2355 39 and and CC 21781 2355 40 the the DT 21781 2355 41 yolk yolk NN 21781 2355 42 therefore therefore RB 21781 2355 43 does do VBZ 21781 2355 44 not not RB 21781 2355 45 segment segment VB 21781 2355 46 at at RB 21781 2355 47 all all RB 21781 2355 48 . . . 21781 2356 1 The the DT 21781 2356 2 yolk yolk NN 21781 2356 3 has have VBZ 21781 2356 4 diluted dilute VBN 21781 2356 5 the the DT 21781 2356 6 active active JJ 21781 2356 7 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2356 8 so so RB 21781 2356 9 much much RB 21781 2356 10 as as IN 21781 2356 11 to to TO 21781 2356 12 render render VB 21781 2356 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2356 14 influence influence NN 21781 2356 15 inappreciable inappreciable JJ 21781 2356 16 . . . 21781 2357 1 The the DT 21781 2357 2 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2357 3 area area NN 21781 2357 4 segments segment NNS 21781 2357 5 , , , 21781 2357 6 and and CC 21781 2357 7 lies lie VBZ 21781 2357 8 upon upon IN 21781 2357 9 the the DT 21781 2357 10 yolk yolk NN 21781 2357 11 which which WDT 21781 2357 12 has have VBZ 21781 2357 13 defeated defeat VBN 21781 2357 14 the the DT 21781 2357 15 efforts effort NNS 21781 2357 16 of of IN 21781 2357 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2357 18 small small JJ 21781 2357 19 mingling mingling NN 21781 2357 20 of of IN 21781 2357 21 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2357 22 to to TO 21781 2357 23 divide divide VB 21781 2357 24 . . . 21781 2358 1 Such such PDT 21781 2358 2 a a DT 21781 2358 3 type type NN 21781 2358 4 of of IN 21781 2358 5 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2358 6 in in IN 21781 2358 7 which which WDT 21781 2358 8 only only RB 21781 2358 9 part part NN 21781 2358 10 of of IN 21781 2358 11 the the DT 21781 2358 12 ovum ovum NN 21781 2358 13 segments segment NNS 21781 2358 14 is be VBZ 21781 2358 15 called call VBN 21781 2358 16 meroblastic meroblastic JJ 21781 2358 17 . . . 21781 2359 1 If if IN 21781 2359 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2359 3 compare compare VBP 21781 2359 4 this this DT 21781 2359 5 with with IN 21781 2359 6 the the DT 21781 2359 7 typical typical JJ 21781 2359 8 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2359 9 of of IN 21781 2359 10 the the DT 21781 2359 11 lower low JJR 21781 2359 12 type type NN 21781 2359 13 , , , 21781 2359 14 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2359 15 see see VBP 21781 2359 16 that that IN 21781 2359 17 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2359 18 is be VBZ 21781 2359 19 , , , 21781 2359 20 as as IN 21781 2359 21 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2359 22 were be VBD 21781 2359 23 , , , 21781 2359 24 flattened flatten VBD 21781 2359 25 out out RP 21781 2359 26 on on IN 21781 2359 27 the the DT 21781 2359 28 yolk yolk NN 21781 2359 29 . . . 21781 2360 1 This this DT 21781 2360 2 stage stage NN 21781 2360 3 is be VBZ 21781 2360 4 shown show VBN 21781 2360 5 in in IN 21781 2360 6 section section NN 21781 2360 7 in in IN 21781 2360 8 the the DT 21781 2360 9 lower low JJR 21781 2360 10 figure figure NN 21781 2360 11 of of IN 21781 2360 12 Figure figure NN 21781 2360 13 1 1 CD 21781 2360 14 . . . 21781 2361 1 b.d b.d NNP 21781 2361 2 . . NNP 21781 2361 3 , , , 21781 2361 4 the the DT 21781 2361 5 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 21781 2361 6 , , , 21781 2361 7 is be VBZ 21781 2361 8 from from IN 21781 2361 9 this this DT 21781 2361 10 point point NN 21781 2361 11 of of IN 21781 2361 12 view view NN 21781 2361 13 , , , 21781 2361 14 a a DT 21781 2361 15 part part NN 21781 2361 16 of of IN 21781 2361 17 the the DT 21781 2361 18 ripped rip VBN 21781 2361 19 and and CC 21781 2361 20 flattened flatten VBD 21781 2361 21 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2361 22 , , , 21781 2361 23 spread spread VBD 21781 2361 24 out out RP 21781 2361 25 on on IN 21781 2361 26 the the DT 21781 2361 27 yolk yolk NN 21781 2361 28 ; ; : 21781 2361 29 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2361 30 . . NNP 21781 2361 31 is be VBZ 21781 2361 32 the the DT 21781 2361 33 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2361 34 cavity cavity NN 21781 2361 35 , , , 21781 2361 36 and and CC 21781 2361 37 y. y. NNP 21781 2361 38 the the DT 21781 2361 39 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2361 40 . . . 21781 2362 1 Section section NN 21781 2362 2 25 25 CD 21781 2362 3 . . . 21781 2363 1 There there EX 21781 2363 2 is be VBZ 21781 2363 3 no no DT 21781 2363 4 open open JJ 21781 2363 5 invagination invagination NN 21781 2363 6 of of IN 21781 2363 7 an an DT 21781 2363 8 archenteron archenteron NN 21781 2363 9 in in IN 21781 2363 10 the the DT 21781 2363 11 fowl fowl NN 21781 2363 12 , , , 21781 2363 13 as as IN 21781 2363 14 in in IN 21781 2363 15 the the DT 21781 2363 16 frog-- frog-- NN 21781 2363 17 , , , 21781 2363 18 the the DT 21781 2363 19 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2363 20 , , , 21781 2363 21 like like IN 21781 2363 22 the the DT 21781 2363 23 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2363 24 , , , 21781 2363 25 stage stage NN 21781 2363 26 is be VBZ 21781 2363 27 also also RB 21781 2363 28 masked mask VBN 21781 2363 29 . . . 21781 2364 1 But but CC 21781 2364 2 , , , 21781 2364 3 in in IN 21781 2364 4 the the DT 21781 2364 5 hinder hinder NN 21781 2364 6 region region NN 21781 2364 7 of of IN 21781 2364 8 the the DT 21781 2364 9 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2364 10 area area NN 21781 2364 11 , , , 21781 2364 12 a a DT 21781 2364 13 thick thick JJ 21781 2364 14 mass mass NN 21781 2364 15 of of IN 21781 2364 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2364 17 , , , 21781 2364 18 grows grow VBZ 21781 2364 19 inward inward RB 21781 2364 20 and and CC 21781 2364 21 forward forward RB 21781 2364 22 , , , 21781 2364 23 and and CC 21781 2364 24 , , , 21781 2364 25 appearing appear VBG 21781 2364 26 in in IN 21781 2364 27 the the DT 21781 2364 28 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2364 29 view view NN 21781 2364 30 of of IN 21781 2364 31 the the DT 21781 2364 32 egg egg NN 21781 2364 33 as as IN 21781 2364 34 a a DT 21781 2364 35 white white JJ 21781 2364 36 streak streak NN 21781 2364 37 , , , 21781 2364 38 is be VBZ 21781 2364 39 called call VBN 21781 2364 40 the the DT 21781 2364 41 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2364 42 streak streak NN 21781 2364 43 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2364 44 p.s p.s NNP 21781 2364 45 . . NNP 21781 2364 46 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2364 47 . . . 21781 2365 1 By by IN 21781 2365 2 a a DT 21781 2365 3 comparison comparison NN 21781 2365 4 of of IN 21781 2365 5 the the DT 21781 2365 6 figures figure NNS 21781 2365 7 of of IN 21781 2365 8 frog frog NN 21781 2365 9 and and CC 21781 2365 10 fowl fowl VB 21781 2365 11 the the DT 21781 2365 12 student student NN 21781 2365 13 will will MD 21781 2365 14 easily easily RB 21781 2365 15 perceive perceive VB 21781 2365 16 the the DT 21781 2365 17 complete complete JJ 21781 2365 18 correspondence correspondence NN 21781 2365 19 of of IN 21781 2365 20 the the DT 21781 2365 21 position position NN 21781 2365 22 of of IN 21781 2365 23 this this DT 21781 2365 24 with with IN 21781 2365 25 the the DT 21781 2365 26 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2365 27 of of IN 21781 2365 28 the the DT 21781 2365 29 frog frog NN 21781 2365 30 . . . 21781 2366 1 The the DT 21781 2366 2 relation relation NN 21781 2366 3 of of IN 21781 2366 4 the the DT 21781 2366 5 two two CD 21781 2366 6 will will MD 21781 2366 7 be be VB 21781 2366 8 easily easily RB 21781 2366 9 understood understand VBN 21781 2366 10 if if IN 21781 2366 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2366 12 compare compare VBP 21781 2366 13 the the DT 21781 2366 14 fowl fowl NN 21781 2366 15 's 's POS 21781 2366 16 archenteron archenteron NN 21781 2366 17 to to IN 21781 2366 18 a a DT 21781 2366 19 glove glove NN 21781 2366 20 - - HYPH 21781 2366 21 finger finger NN 21781 2366 22 under under IN 21781 2366 23 pressure-- pressure-- NNP 21781 2366 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2366 25 cavity cavity NN 21781 2366 26 is be VBZ 21781 2366 27 obliterated-- obliterated-- NN 21781 2366 28 and and CC 21781 2366 29 the the DT 21781 2366 30 frog frog NN 21781 2366 31 's 's POS 21781 2366 32 to to IN 21781 2366 33 the the DT 21781 2366 34 glove glove NN 21781 2366 35 - - HYPH 21781 2366 36 finger finger NN 21781 2366 37 blown blow VBN 21781 2366 38 out out RP 21781 2366 39 . . . 21781 2367 1 The the DT 21781 2367 2 tension tension NN 21781 2367 3 of of IN 21781 2367 4 the the DT 21781 2367 5 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2367 6 , , , 21781 2367 7 straining strain VBG 21781 2367 8 over over RP 21781 2367 9 the the DT 21781 2367 10 enormous enormous JJ 21781 2367 11 yolk yolk NN 21781 2367 12 , , , 21781 2367 13 answers answer VBZ 21781 2367 14 to to IN 21781 2367 15 the the DT 21781 2367 16 pressure pressure NN 21781 2367 17 . . . 21781 2368 1 The the DT 21781 2368 2 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2368 3 in in IN 21781 2368 4 the the DT 21781 2368 5 fowl fowl NN 21781 2368 6 is be VBZ 21781 2368 7 solid solid JJ 21781 2368 8 . . . 21781 2369 1 The the DT 21781 2369 2 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2369 3 streak streak NN 21781 2369 4 is be VBZ 21781 2369 5 , , , 21781 2369 6 in in IN 21781 2369 7 fact fact NN 21781 2369 8 , , , 21781 2369 9 the the DT 21781 2369 10 scar scar NN 21781 2369 11 of of IN 21781 2369 12 a a DT 21781 2369 13 closed closed JJ 21781 2369 14 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2369 15 . . . 21781 2370 1 As as IN 21781 2370 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2370 3 should should MD 21781 2370 4 expect expect VB 21781 2370 5 from from IN 21781 2370 6 this this DT 21781 2370 7 view view NN 21781 2370 8 of of IN 21781 2370 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2370 10 homology homology NN 21781 2370 11 , , , 21781 2370 12 at at IN 21781 2370 13 the the DT 21781 2370 14 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2370 15 streak streak NN 21781 2370 16 , , , 21781 2370 17 the the DT 21781 2370 18 three three CD 21781 2370 19 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2370 20 layers layer NNS 21781 2370 21 are be VBP 21781 2370 22 continuous continuous JJ 21781 2370 23 and and CC 21781 2370 24 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 21781 2370 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2370 26 Figure figure NN 21781 2370 27 2 2 CD 21781 2370 28 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2370 29 . . . 21781 2371 1 Elsewhere elsewhere RB 21781 2371 2 in in IN 21781 2371 3 the the DT 21781 2371 4 blastoderm blastoderm NN 21781 2371 5 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2371 6 are be VBP 21781 2371 7 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2371 8 separate separate JJ 21781 2371 9 . . . 21781 2372 1 Just just RB 21781 2372 2 as as IN 21781 2372 3 the the DT 21781 2372 4 yolk yolk NN 21781 2372 5 cells cell NNS 21781 2372 6 of of IN 21781 2372 7 the the DT 21781 2372 8 frog frog NN 21781 2372 9 form form NN 21781 2372 10 the the DT 21781 2372 11 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2372 12 wall wall NN 21781 2372 13 of of IN 21781 2372 14 the the DT 21781 2372 15 intestine intestine NN 21781 2372 16 , , , 21781 2372 17 so so IN 21781 2372 18 nuclei nucleus NNS 21781 2372 19 appear appear VBP 21781 2372 20 along along IN 21781 2372 21 the the DT 21781 2372 22 upper upper JJ 21781 2372 23 side side NN 21781 2372 24 of of IN 21781 2372 25 the the DT 21781 2372 26 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2372 27 of of IN 21781 2372 28 the the DT 21781 2372 29 fowl fowl NN 21781 2372 30 , , , 21781 2372 31 where where WRB 21781 2372 32 some some DT 21781 2372 33 protoplasm protoplasm NN 21781 2372 34 still still RB 21781 2372 35 exists exist VBZ 21781 2372 36 , , , 21781 2372 37 and and CC 21781 2372 38 give give VB 21781 2372 39 rise rise NN 21781 2372 40 to to IN 21781 2372 41 the the DT 21781 2372 42 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2372 43 hypoblastic hypoblastic JJ 21781 2372 44 cells cell NNS 21781 2372 45 . . . 21781 2373 1 By by IN 21781 2373 2 conceiving conceive VBG 21781 2373 3 a a DT 21781 2373 4 gradually gradually RB 21781 2373 5 increasing increase VBG 21781 2373 6 amount amount NN 21781 2373 7 of of IN 21781 2373 8 yolk yolk NN 21781 2373 9 in in IN 21781 2373 10 the the DT 21781 2373 11 hypoblastic hypoblastic JJ 21781 2373 12 cells cell NNS 21781 2373 13 in in IN 21781 2373 14 the the DT 21781 2373 15 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2373 16 side side NN 21781 2373 17 of of IN 21781 2373 18 the the DT 21781 2373 19 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2373 20 , , , 21781 2373 21 the the DT 21781 2373 22 substantial substantial JJ 21781 2373 23 identity identity NN 21781 2373 24 of of IN 21781 2373 25 the the DT 21781 2373 26 gastrula gastrula JJ 21781 2373 27 stage stage NN 21781 2373 28 in in IN 21781 2373 29 the the DT 21781 2373 30 three three CD 21781 2373 31 types type NNS 21781 2373 32 , , , 21781 2373 33 which which WDT 21781 2373 34 at at IN 21781 2373 35 first first RB 21781 2373 36 appear appear VBP 21781 2373 37 so so RB 21781 2373 38 strikingly strikingly RB 21781 2373 39 different different JJ 21781 2373 40 , , , 21781 2373 41 will will MD 21781 2373 42 be be VB 21781 2373 43 perceived perceive VBN 21781 2373 44 . . . 21781 2374 1 Carry Carry NNP 21781 2374 2 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2374 3 4 4 CD 21781 2374 4 and and CC 21781 2374 5 5 5 CD 21781 2374 6 of of IN 21781 2374 7 the the DT 21781 2374 8 frog frog NN 21781 2374 9 one one CD 21781 2374 10 step step NN 21781 2374 11 further far RBR 21781 2374 12 by by IN 21781 2374 13 increasing increase VBG 21781 2374 14 the the DT 21781 2374 15 size size NN 21781 2374 16 of of IN 21781 2374 17 the the DT 21781 2374 18 shaded shaded JJ 21781 2374 19 yolk yolk NN 21781 2374 20 and and CC 21781 2374 21 leaving leave VBG 21781 2374 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2374 23 unsegmented unsegmented JJ 21781 2374 24 , , , 21781 2374 25 and and CC 21781 2374 26 instead instead RB 21781 2374 27 of of IN 21781 2374 28 ar ar IN 21781 2374 29 . . . 21781 2375 1 in in IN 21781 2375 2 5 5 CD 21781 2375 3 show show VBP 21781 2375 4 a a DT 21781 2375 5 solid solid JJ 21781 2375 6 mass mass NN 21781 2375 7 of of IN 21781 2375 8 cells cell NNS 21781 2375 9 , , , 21781 2375 10 and and CC 21781 2375 11 the the DT 21781 2375 12 condition condition NN 21781 2375 13 of of IN 21781 2375 14 things thing NNS 21781 2375 15 in in IN 21781 2375 16 the the DT 21781 2375 17 fowl fowl NN 21781 2375 18 would would MD 21781 2375 19 at at IN 21781 2375 20 once once RB 21781 2375 21 be be VB 21781 2375 22 rendered render VBN 21781 2375 23 . . . 21781 2376 1 Section section NN 21781 2376 2 26 26 CD 21781 2376 3 . . . 21781 2377 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2377 2 3a 3a NNP 21781 2377 3 of of IN 21781 2377 4 the the DT 21781 2377 5 fowl fowl NN 21781 2377 6 will will MD 21781 2377 7 conveniently conveniently RB 21781 2377 8 serve serve VB 21781 2377 9 for for IN 21781 2377 10 comparison comparison NN 21781 2377 11 with with IN 21781 2377 12 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2377 13 7 7 CD 21781 2377 14 of of IN 21781 2377 15 the the DT 21781 2377 16 frog frog NN 21781 2377 17 . . . 21781 2378 1 The the DT 21781 2378 2 inturning inturning NN 21781 2378 3 of of IN 21781 2378 4 the the DT 21781 2378 5 medullary medullary JJ 21781 2378 6 groove groove NN 21781 2378 7 is be VBZ 21781 2378 8 entirely entirely RB 21781 2378 9 similar similar JJ 21781 2378 10 in in IN 21781 2378 11 the the DT 21781 2378 12 two two CD 21781 2378 13 cases case NNS 21781 2378 14 . . . 21781 2379 1 The the DT 21781 2379 2 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2379 3 appears appear VBZ 21781 2379 4 as as IN 21781 2379 5 solid solid JJ 21781 2379 6 mesoblastic mesoblastic JJ 21781 2379 7 somites somite NNS 21781 2379 8 . . . 21781 2380 1 In in IN 21781 2380 2 the the DT 21781 2380 3 section section NN 21781 2380 4 above above IN 21781 2380 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2380 6 4 4 CD 21781 2380 7 this this DT 21781 2380 8 layer layer NN 21781 2380 9 is be VBZ 21781 2380 10 shown show VBN 21781 2380 11 as as IN 21781 2380 12 having have VBG 21781 2380 13 split split VBN 21781 2380 14 into into IN 21781 2380 15 somatopleur somatopleur NNP 21781 2380 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2380 17 so so RB 21781 2380 18 . . . 21781 2380 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2381 1 and and CC 21781 2381 2 splanchnopleur splanchnopleur NNP 21781 2381 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2381 4 spch spch NNP 21781 2381 5 . . . 21781 2381 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2381 7 . . . 21781 2382 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2382 2 3 3 CD 21781 2382 3 answers answer NNS 21781 2382 4 to to IN 21781 2382 5 Figure figure NN 21781 2382 6 6 6 CD 21781 2382 7 of of IN 21781 2382 8 the the DT 21781 2382 9 frog frog NN 21781 2382 10 , , , 21781 2382 11 and and CC 21781 2382 12 Figure figure NN 21781 2382 13 4 4 CD 21781 2382 14 is be VBZ 21781 2382 15 a a DT 21781 2382 16 later later JJ 21781 2382 17 stage stage NN 21781 2382 18 , , , 21781 2382 19 in in IN 21781 2382 20 which which WDT 21781 2382 21 the the DT 21781 2382 22 medullary medullary JJ 21781 2382 23 groove groove NN 21781 2382 24 is be VBZ 21781 2382 25 beginning begin VBG 21781 2382 26 to to TO 21781 2382 27 close close VB 21781 2382 28 at at IN 21781 2382 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2382 30 middle middle JJ 21781 2382 31 part part NN 21781 2382 32 . . . 21781 2383 1 The the DT 21781 2383 2 clear clear JJ 21781 2383 3 club club NN 21781 2383 4 - - HYPH 21781 2383 5 shaped shaped JJ 21781 2383 6 area area NN 21781 2383 7 around around IN 21781 2383 8 the the DT 21781 2383 9 embryo embryo NN 21781 2383 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2383 11 a.p a.p NNP 21781 2383 12 . . . 21781 2383 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2384 1 is be VBZ 21781 2384 2 the the DT 21781 2384 3 area area NN 21781 2384 4 pellucida pellucida NN 21781 2384 5 ; ; : 21781 2384 6 the the DT 21781 2384 7 larger large JJR 21781 2384 8 area area NN 21781 2384 9 without without IN 21781 2384 10 this this DT 21781 2384 11 is be VBZ 21781 2384 12 the the DT 21781 2384 13 area area NN 21781 2384 14 opaca opaca NNP 21781 2384 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2384 16 a.o a.o NNP 21781 2384 17 . . . 21781 2385 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2385 2 , , , 21781 2385 3 in in IN 21781 2385 4 which which WDT 21781 2385 5 the the DT 21781 2385 6 first first JJ 21781 2385 7 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2385 8 arise arise VB 21781 2385 9 by by IN 21781 2385 10 a a DT 21781 2385 11 running running NN 21781 2385 12 together together RB 21781 2385 13 and and CC 21781 2385 14 a a DT 21781 2385 15 specialization specialization NN 21781 2385 16 of of IN 21781 2385 17 cells cell NNS 21781 2385 18 . . . 21781 2386 1 The the DT 21781 2386 2 entire entire JJ 21781 2386 3 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2386 4 area area NN 21781 2386 5 grows grow VBZ 21781 2386 6 steadily steadily RB 21781 2386 7 at at IN 21781 2386 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2386 9 edges edge NNS 21781 2386 10 to to TO 21781 2386 11 creep creep VB 21781 2386 12 over over RP 21781 2386 13 and and CC 21781 2386 14 enclose enclose VB 21781 2386 15 the the DT 21781 2386 16 yolk yolk NN 21781 2386 17 . . . 21781 2387 1 Section section NN 21781 2387 2 27 27 CD 21781 2387 3 . . . 21781 2388 1 So so RB 21781 2388 2 far far RB 21781 2388 3 , , , 21781 2388 4 the the DT 21781 2388 5 essential essential JJ 21781 2388 6 differences difference NNS 21781 2388 7 between between IN 21781 2388 8 the the DT 21781 2388 9 development development NN 21781 2388 10 of of IN 21781 2388 11 fowl fowl NN 21781 2388 12 and and CC 21781 2388 13 frog frog NN 21781 2388 14 , , , 21781 2388 15 the the DT 21781 2388 16 meroblastic meroblastic JJ 21781 2388 17 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2388 18 , , , 21781 2388 19 absence absence NN 21781 2388 20 of of IN 21781 2388 21 a a DT 21781 2388 22 typical typical JJ 21781 2388 23 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2388 24 , , , 21781 2388 25 and and CC 21781 2388 26 the the DT 21781 2388 27 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2388 28 streak streak NN 21781 2388 29 , , , 21781 2388 30 seem seem VBP 21781 2388 31 comprehensible comprehensible JJ 21781 2388 32 on on IN 21781 2388 33 the the DT 21781 2388 34 theory theory NN 21781 2388 35 that that IN 21781 2388 36 such such JJ 21781 2388 37 differences difference NNS 21781 2388 38 are be VBP 21781 2388 39 due due JJ 21781 2388 40 to to IN 21781 2388 41 the the DT 21781 2388 42 presence presence NN 21781 2388 43 of of IN 21781 2388 44 an an DT 21781 2388 45 enormous enormous JJ 21781 2388 46 amount amount NN 21781 2388 47 of of IN 21781 2388 48 yolk yolk NN 21781 2388 49 . . . 21781 2389 1 Another another DT 21781 2389 2 difference difference NN 21781 2389 3 that that WDT 21781 2389 4 appears appear VBZ 21781 2389 5 later later RB 21781 2389 6 is be VBZ 21781 2389 7 that that IN 21781 2389 8 , , , 21781 2389 9 while while IN 21781 2389 10 the the DT 21781 2389 11 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2389 12 has have VBZ 21781 2389 13 an an DT 21781 2389 14 efficient efficient JJ 21781 2389 15 pronephros pronephro NNS 21781 2389 16 , , , 21781 2389 17 the the DT 21781 2389 18 fowl fowl NN 21781 2389 19 , , , 21781 2389 20 which which WDT 21781 2389 21 has have VBZ 21781 2389 22 no no DT 21781 2389 23 larval larval NN 21781 2389 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2389 25 free free JJ 21781 2389 26 imperfect imperfect NN 21781 2389 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2389 28 stages stage NNS 21781 2389 29 in in IN 21781 2389 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2389 31 life life NN 21781 2389 32 history history NN 21781 2389 33 , , , 21781 2389 34 has have VBZ 21781 2389 35 the the DT 21781 2389 36 merest mere JJS 21781 2389 37 indication indication NN 21781 2389 38 of of IN 21781 2389 39 such such PDT 21781 2389 40 a a DT 21781 2389 41 structure structure NN 21781 2389 42 . . . 21781 2390 1 Section section NN 21781 2390 2 28 28 CD 21781 2390 3 . . . 21781 2391 1 Another another DT 21781 2391 2 striking striking JJ 21781 2391 3 contrast contrast NN 21781 2391 4 , , , 21781 2391 5 due due IN 21781 2391 6 to to IN 21781 2391 7 , , , 21781 2391 8 or or CC 21781 2391 9 connected connect VBN 21781 2391 10 with with IN 21781 2391 11 , , , 21781 2391 12 this this DT 21781 2391 13 plethora plethora NN 21781 2391 14 of of IN 21781 2391 15 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2391 16 , , , 21781 2391 17 is be VBZ 21781 2391 18 the the DT 21781 2391 19 differentiation differentiation NN 21781 2391 20 of of IN 21781 2391 21 a a DT 21781 2391 22 yolk yolk NN 21781 2391 23 sac sac NN 21781 2391 24 (= (= NNP 21781 2391 25 umbilical umbilical JJ 21781 2391 26 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 2391 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2391 28 and and CC 21781 2391 29 the the DT 21781 2391 30 development development NN 21781 2391 31 of of IN 21781 2391 32 two two CD 21781 2391 33 new new JJ 21781 2391 34 structures structure NNS 21781 2391 35 , , , 21781 2391 36 the the DT 21781 2391 37 amnion amnion NN 21781 2391 38 and and CC 21781 2391 39 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2391 40 , , , 21781 2391 41 in in IN 21781 2391 42 the the DT 21781 2391 43 fowl fowl NN 21781 2391 44 . . . 21781 2392 1 If if IN 21781 2392 2 the the DT 21781 2392 3 student student NN 21781 2392 4 will will MD 21781 2392 5 compare compare VB 21781 2392 6 Figure figure NN 21781 2392 7 10 10 CD 21781 2392 8 of of IN 21781 2392 9 the the DT 21781 2392 10 frog frog NN 21781 2392 11 , , , 21781 2392 12 he -PRON- PRP 21781 2392 13 will will MD 21781 2392 14 see see VB 21781 2392 15 that that IN 21781 2392 16 the the DT 21781 2392 17 developing develop VBG 21781 2392 18 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2392 19 encloses enclose VBZ 21781 2392 20 in in IN 21781 2392 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2392 22 abdomen abdoman NNS 21781 2392 23 all all PDT 21781 2392 24 the the DT 21781 2392 25 yolk yolk NN 21781 2392 26 provided provide VBN 21781 2392 27 for for IN 21781 2392 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2392 29 . . . 21781 2393 1 This this DT 21781 2393 2 is be VBZ 21781 2393 3 a a DT 21781 2393 4 physical physical JJ 21781 2393 5 impossibility impossibility NN 21781 2393 6 in in IN 21781 2393 7 the the DT 21781 2393 8 fowl fowl NN 21781 2393 9 . . . 21781 2394 1 In in IN 21781 2394 2 the the DT 21781 2394 3 fowl fowl NN 21781 2394 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2394 5 Figure figure NN 21781 2394 6 2 2 CD 21781 2394 7 , , , 21781 2394 8 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2394 9 24 24 CD 21781 2394 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2394 11 the the DT 21781 2394 12 enormous enormous JJ 21781 2394 13 yolk yolk NN 21781 2394 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2394 15 Y. Y. NNP 21781 2394 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2395 1 lies lie VBZ 21781 2395 2 outside outside RB 21781 2395 3 of of IN 21781 2395 4 the the DT 21781 2395 5 embryo embryo NN 21781 2395 6 , , , 21781 2395 7 and and CC 21781 2395 8 , , , 21781 2395 9 as as IN 21781 2395 10 the the DT 21781 2395 11 cells cell NNS 21781 2395 12 of of IN 21781 2395 13 the the DT 21781 2395 14 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2395 15 area area NN 21781 2395 16 grow grow VBP 21781 2395 17 slowly slowly RB 21781 2395 18 over over IN 21781 2395 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2395 20 , , , 21781 2395 21 umbilical umbilical JJ 21781 2395 22 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2395 23 are be VBP 21781 2395 24 developed develop VBN 21781 2395 25 to to TO 21781 2395 26 absorb absorb VB 21781 2395 27 and and CC 21781 2395 28 carry carry VB 21781 2395 29 the the DT 21781 2395 30 material material NN 21781 2395 31 to to IN 21781 2395 32 the the DT 21781 2395 33 embryo embryo NN 21781 2395 34 . . . 21781 2396 1 In in IN 21781 2396 2 the the DT 21781 2396 3 case case NN 21781 2396 4 of of IN 21781 2396 5 an an DT 21781 2396 6 embryo embryo NN 21781 2396 7 sinking sink VBG 21781 2396 8 in in RP 21781 2396 9 upon upon IN 21781 2396 10 , , , 21781 2396 11 as as IN 21781 2396 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2396 13 absorbs absorb VBZ 21781 2396 14 , , , 21781 2396 15 this this DT 21781 2396 16 mass mass NN 21781 2396 17 of of IN 21781 2396 18 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 2396 19 material material NN 21781 2396 20 , , , 21781 2396 21 a a DT 21781 2396 22 necessity necessity NN 21781 2396 23 for for IN 21781 2396 24 some some DT 21781 2396 25 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 2396 26 structure structure NN 21781 2396 27 is be VBZ 21781 2396 28 evident evident JJ 21781 2396 29 . . . 21781 2397 1 From from IN 21781 2397 2 the the DT 21781 2397 3 hinder hinder NN 21781 2397 4 end end NN 21781 2397 5 of of IN 21781 2397 6 the the DT 21781 2397 7 fowl fowl NN 21781 2397 8 's 's POS 21781 2397 9 intestine intestine NN 21781 2397 10 , , , 21781 2397 11 in in IN 21781 2397 12 a a DT 21781 2397 13 position position NN 21781 2397 14 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 2397 15 to to IN 21781 2397 16 the the DT 21781 2397 17 so so RB 21781 2397 18 - - HYPH 21781 2397 19 called call VBN 21781 2397 20 , , , 21781 2397 21 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2397 22 bladder bladder NN 21781 2397 23 of of IN 21781 2397 24 the the DT 21781 2397 25 frog frog NN 21781 2397 26 , , , 21781 2397 27 a a DT 21781 2397 28 solid solid JJ 21781 2397 29 outgrowth outgrowth NN 21781 2397 30 , , , 21781 2397 31 the the DT 21781 2397 32 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2397 33 , , , 21781 2397 34 which which WDT 21781 2397 35 speedily speedily RB 21781 2397 36 becomes become VBZ 21781 2397 37 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2397 38 , , , 21781 2397 39 appears appear VBZ 21781 2397 40 . . . 21781 2398 1 Early early JJ 21781 2398 2 stages stage NNS 21781 2398 3 are be VBP 21781 2398 4 shown show VBN 21781 2398 5 in in IN 21781 2398 6 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2398 7 1 1 CD 21781 2398 8 and and CC 21781 2398 9 2 2 CD 21781 2398 10 , , , 21781 2398 11 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2398 12 24 24 CD 21781 2398 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2398 14 al al NNP 21781 2398 15 . . . 21781 2399 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2399 2 ; ; : 21781 2399 3 while while IN 21781 2399 4 the the DT 21781 2399 5 same same JJ 21781 2399 6 thing thing NN 21781 2399 7 is be VBZ 21781 2399 8 shown show VBN 21781 2399 9 more more RBR 21781 2399 10 diagrammatically diagrammatically RB 21781 2399 11 on on IN 21781 2399 12 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2399 13 23 23 CD 21781 2399 14 , , , 21781 2399 15 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2399 16 6 6 CD 21781 2399 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2399 18 all all DT 21781 2399 19 . . . 21781 2399 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2399 21 . . . 21781 2400 1 This this DT 21781 2400 2 becomes become VBZ 21781 2400 3 at at IN 21781 2400 4 last last JJ 21781 2400 5 a a DT 21781 2400 6 great great JJ 21781 2400 7 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2400 8 sac sac NN 21781 2400 9 , , , 21781 2400 10 which which WDT 21781 2400 11 is be VBZ 21781 2400 12 applied apply VBN 21781 2400 13 closely closely RB 21781 2400 14 to to IN 21781 2400 15 the the DT 21781 2400 16 porous porous JJ 21781 2400 17 shell shell NN 21781 2400 18 , , , 21781 2400 19 and and CC 21781 2400 20 the the DT 21781 2400 21 extent extent NN 21781 2400 22 of of IN 21781 2400 23 which which WDT 21781 2400 24 will will MD 21781 2400 25 be be VB 21781 2400 26 appreciated appreciate VBN 21781 2400 27 by by IN 21781 2400 28 looking look VBG 21781 2400 29 at at IN 21781 2400 30 Figure figure NN 21781 2400 31 5 5 CD 21781 2400 32 , , , 21781 2400 33 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2400 34 24 24 CD 21781 2400 35 , , , 21781 2400 36 where where WRB 21781 2400 37 the the DT 21781 2400 38 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2400 39 is be VBZ 21781 2400 40 shaded shaded JJ 21781 2400 41 . . . 21781 2401 1 Allantoic allantoic JJ 21781 2401 2 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2401 3 ramify ramify VBP 21781 2401 4 thickly thickly RB 21781 2401 5 over over IN 21781 2401 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2401 7 walls wall NNS 21781 2401 8 , , , 21781 2401 9 and and CC 21781 2401 10 aeration aeration NN 21781 2401 11 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2401 12 through through IN 21781 2401 13 the the DT 21781 2401 14 permeable permeable JJ 21781 2401 15 shell shell NN 21781 2401 16 . . . 21781 2402 1 Section section NN 21781 2402 2 29 29 CD 21781 2402 3 . . . 21781 2403 1 The the DT 21781 2403 2 nature nature NN 21781 2403 3 of of IN 21781 2403 4 the the DT 21781 2403 5 amnion amnion NN 21781 2403 6 will will MD 21781 2403 7 be be VB 21781 2403 8 understood understand VBN 21781 2403 9 by by IN 21781 2403 10 following follow VBG 21781 2403 11 Figures Figures NNPS 21781 2403 12 4b 4b CD 21781 2403 13 , , , 21781 2403 14 5 5 CD 21781 2403 15 , , , 21781 2403 16 and and CC 21781 2403 17 6 6 CD 21781 2403 18 on on IN 21781 2403 19 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2403 20 23 23 CD 21781 2403 21 . . . 21781 2404 1 The the DT 21781 2404 2 three three CD 21781 2404 3 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2404 4 layers layer NNS 21781 2404 5 are be VBP 21781 2404 6 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2404 7 by by IN 21781 2404 8 broken broken JJ 21781 2404 9 lines line NNS 21781 2404 10 , , , 21781 2404 11 dots dot NNS 21781 2404 12 , , , 21781 2404 13 and and CC 21781 2404 14 black black JJ 21781 2404 15 lines line NNS 21781 2404 16 , , , 21781 2404 17 just just RB 21781 2404 18 as as IN 21781 2404 19 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2404 20 are be VBP 21781 2404 21 in in IN 21781 2404 22 the the DT 21781 2404 23 frog frog NN 21781 2404 24 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2404 25 . . . 21781 2405 1 Not not RB 21781 2405 2 only only RB 21781 2405 3 is be VBZ 21781 2405 4 the the DT 21781 2405 5 embryo embryo NN 21781 2405 6 slowly slowly RB 21781 2405 7 pinched pinch VBD 21781 2405 8 off off RP 21781 2405 9 from from IN 21781 2405 10 the the DT 21781 2405 11 yolk yolk NN 21781 2405 12 sac sac NN 21781 2405 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2405 14 y.s y.s NNP 21781 2405 15 . . . 21781 2406 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2406 2 , , , 21781 2406 3 but but CC 21781 2406 4 , , , 21781 2406 5 as as IN 21781 2406 6 the the DT 21781 2406 7 yolk yolk NN 21781 2406 8 is be VBZ 21781 2406 9 absorbed absorb VBN 21781 2406 10 beneath beneath IN 21781 2406 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2406 12 , , , 21781 2406 13 and and CC 21781 2406 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2406 15 grows grow VBZ 21781 2406 16 in in IN 21781 2406 17 size size NN 21781 2406 18 , , , 21781 2406 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2406 20 sinks sink VBZ 21781 2406 21 into into IN 21781 2406 22 the the DT 21781 2406 23 space space NN 21781 2406 24 thus thus RB 21781 2406 25 made make VBN 21781 2406 26 , , , 21781 2406 27 the the DT 21781 2406 28 extra extra JJ 21781 2406 29 - - HYPH 21781 2406 30 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2406 31 somatopleur somatopleur NN 21781 2406 32 and and CC 21781 2406 33 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2406 34 rise rise VB 21781 2406 35 up up RP 21781 2406 36 round round IN 21781 2406 37 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2406 38 as as IN 21781 2406 39 two two CD 21781 2406 40 folds fold NNS 21781 2406 41 , , , 21781 2406 42 which which WDT 21781 2406 43 are be VBP 21781 2406 44 seen see VBN 21781 2406 45 closing close VBG 21781 2406 46 in in IN 21781 2406 47 5 5 CD 21781 2406 48 , , , 21781 2406 49 and and CC 21781 2406 50 closed close VBD 21781 2406 51 in in IN 21781 2406 52 6 6 CD 21781 2406 53 , , , 21781 2406 54 over over IN 21781 2406 55 the the DT 21781 2406 56 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2406 57 side side NN 21781 2406 58 of of IN 21781 2406 59 the the DT 21781 2406 60 young young NNP 21781 2406 61 chick chick NN 21781 2406 62 . . . 21781 2407 1 In in IN 21781 2407 2 this this DT 21781 2407 3 way way NN 21781 2407 4 a a DT 21781 2407 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 2407 6 , , , 21781 2407 7 a. a. NN 21781 2407 8 , , , 21781 2407 9 lined line VBN 21781 2407 10 by by IN 21781 2407 11 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2407 12 , , , 21781 2407 13 and and CC 21781 2407 14 called call VBD 21781 2407 15 the the DT 21781 2407 16 amniotic amniotic JJ 21781 2407 17 cavity cavity NN 21781 2407 18 , , , 21781 2407 19 is be VBZ 21781 2407 20 formed form VBN 21781 2407 21 . . . 21781 2408 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2408 2 to to IN 21781 2408 3 this this DT 21781 2408 4 , , , 21781 2408 5 in in IN 21781 2408 6 6 6 CD 21781 2408 7 , , , 21781 2408 8 comes come VBZ 21781 2408 9 a a DT 21781 2408 10 space space NN 21781 2408 11 lined line VBN 21781 2408 12 by by IN 21781 2408 13 somatic somatic JJ 21781 2408 14 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2408 15 , , , 21781 2408 16 and and CC 21781 2408 17 continuous continuous JJ 21781 2408 18 with with IN 21781 2408 19 p.p p.p NNP 21781 2408 20 . . NNP 21781 2408 21 , , , 21781 2408 22 the the DT 21781 2408 23 pleuro pleuro JJ 21781 2408 24 - - HYPH 21781 2408 25 peritoneal peritoneal JJ 21781 2408 26 cavity cavity NN 21781 2408 27 , , , 21781 2408 28 or or CC 21781 2408 29 body body NN 21781 2408 30 cavity cavity NN 21781 2408 31 of of IN 21781 2408 32 the the DT 21781 2408 33 embryo embryo NN 21781 2408 34 . . . 21781 2409 1 Outside outside IN 21781 2409 2 this this DT 21781 2409 3 , , , 21781 2409 4 again again RB 21781 2409 5 , , , 21781 2409 6 is be VBZ 21781 2409 7 a a DT 21781 2409 8 layer layer NN 21781 2409 9 , , , 21781 2409 10 of of IN 21781 2409 11 somatopleur somatopleur NNP 21781 2409 12 internally internally RB 21781 2409 13 and and CC 21781 2409 14 epiblast epiblast VB 21781 2409 15 externally externally RB 21781 2409 16 , , , 21781 2409 17 the the DT 21781 2409 18 false false JJ 21781 2409 19 amnion amnion NN 21781 2409 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2409 21 f.a f.a NNP 21781 2409 22 . . . 21781 2410 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2410 2 , , , 21781 2410 3 which which WDT 21781 2410 4 is be VBZ 21781 2410 5 continuous continuous JJ 21781 2410 6 with with IN 21781 2410 7 the the DT 21781 2410 8 serous serous JJ 21781 2410 9 membrane membrane NN 21781 2410 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2410 11 s.m s.m NNP 21781 2410 12 . . NNP 21781 2410 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2411 1 enclosing enclose VBG 21781 2411 2 the the DT 21781 2411 3 rest rest NN 21781 2411 4 of of IN 21781 2411 5 the the DT 21781 2411 6 egg egg NN 21781 2411 7 . . . 21781 2412 1 The the DT 21781 2412 2 student student NN 21781 2412 3 should should MD 21781 2412 4 , , , 21781 2412 5 carefully carefully RB 21781 2412 6 copy copy VB 21781 2412 7 these these DT 21781 2412 8 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2412 9 , , , 21781 2412 10 with with IN 21781 2412 11 coloured coloured JJ 21781 2412 12 pencils pencil NNS 21781 2412 13 or or CC 21781 2412 14 inks ink NNS 21781 2412 15 for for IN 21781 2412 16 the the DT 21781 2412 17 different different JJ 21781 2412 18 layers layer NNS 21781 2412 19 , , , 21781 2412 20 and and CC 21781 2412 21 should should MD 21781 2412 22 compare compare VB 21781 2412 23 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2412 24 with with IN 21781 2412 25 the the DT 21781 2412 26 more more RBR 21781 2412 27 realistic realistic JJ 21781 2412 28 renderings rendering NNS 21781 2412 29 of of IN 21781 2412 30 Figures figure NNS 21781 2412 31 2 2 CD 21781 2412 32 , , , 21781 2412 33 5 5 CD 21781 2412 34 , , , 21781 2412 35 and and CC 21781 2412 36 8 8 CD 21781 2412 37 , , , 21781 2412 38 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2412 39 24 24 CD 21781 2412 40 . . . 21781 2413 1 Section section NN 21781 2413 2 30 30 CD 21781 2413 3 . . . 21781 2414 1 The the DT 21781 2414 2 heart heart NN 21781 2414 3 in in IN 21781 2414 4 the the DT 21781 2414 5 fowl fowl NN 21781 2414 6 appears appear VBZ 21781 2414 7 first first RB 21781 2414 8 as as IN 21781 2414 9 a a DT 21781 2414 10 pair pair NN 21781 2414 11 of of IN 21781 2414 12 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2414 13 , , , 21781 2414 14 which which WDT 21781 2414 15 unite unite VBP 21781 2414 16 to to TO 21781 2414 17 form form VB 21781 2414 18 a a DT 21781 2414 19 straight straight JJ 21781 2414 20 trunk trunk NN 21781 2414 21 in in IN 21781 2414 22 the the DT 21781 2414 23 median median JJ 21781 2414 24 line line NN 21781 2414 25 , , , 21781 2414 26 as as IN 21781 2414 27 the the DT 21781 2414 28 flattened flatten VBN 21781 2414 29 - - HYPH 21781 2414 30 out out RP 21781 2414 31 embryo embryo NN 21781 2414 32 closes close NNS 21781 2414 33 in in RP 21781 2414 34 from from IN 21781 2414 35 the the DT 21781 2414 36 yolk yolk NN 21781 2414 37 . . . 21781 2415 1 The the DT 21781 2415 2 way way NN 21781 2415 3 in in IN 21781 2415 4 which which WDT 21781 2415 5 this this DT 21781 2415 6 straight straight JJ 21781 2415 7 trunk trunk NN 21781 2415 8 is be VBZ 21781 2415 9 thrown throw VBN 21781 2415 10 , , , 21781 2415 11 first first RB 21781 2415 12 of of IN 21781 2415 13 all all DT 21781 2415 14 , , , 21781 2415 15 into into IN 21781 2415 16 the the DT 21781 2415 17 S S NNP 21781 2415 18 shape shape NN 21781 2415 19 of of IN 21781 2415 20 the the DT 21781 2415 21 fish fish NN 21781 2415 22 heart heart NN 21781 2415 23 , , , 21781 2415 24 and and CC 21781 2415 25 then then RB 21781 2415 26 gradually gradually RB 21781 2415 27 assumes assume VBZ 21781 2415 28 the the DT 21781 2415 29 adult adult NN 21781 2415 30 form form NN 21781 2415 31 , , , 21781 2415 32 is be VBZ 21781 2415 33 indicated indicate VBN 21781 2415 34 roughly roughly RB 21781 2415 35 by by IN 21781 2415 36 Figure figure NN 21781 2415 37 3 3 CD 21781 2415 38 . . . 21781 2416 1 In in IN 21781 2416 2 one one CD 21781 2416 3 respect respect NN 21781 2416 4 the the DT 21781 2416 5 development development NN 21781 2416 6 of of IN 21781 2416 7 the the DT 21781 2416 8 heart heart NN 21781 2416 9 does do VBZ 21781 2416 10 not not RB 21781 2416 11 follow follow VB 21781 2416 12 the the DT 21781 2416 13 lines line NNS 21781 2416 14 one one PRP 21781 2416 15 would would MD 21781 2416 16 expect expect VB 21781 2416 17 . . . 21781 2417 1 Since since IN 21781 2417 2 , , , 21781 2417 3 between between IN 21781 2417 4 the the DT 21781 2417 5 fish fish NN 21781 2417 6 and and CC 21781 2417 7 the the DT 21781 2417 8 higher high JJR 21781 2417 9 form form NN 21781 2417 10 comes come VBZ 21781 2417 11 the the DT 21781 2417 12 condition condition NN 21781 2417 13 of of IN 21781 2417 14 such such PDT 21781 2417 15 an an DT 21781 2417 16 animal animal NN 21781 2417 17 as as IN 21781 2417 18 the the DT 21781 2417 19 frog frog NN 21781 2417 20 , , , 21781 2417 21 in in IN 21781 2417 22 which which WDT 21781 2417 23 the the DT 21781 2417 24 auricles auricle NNS 21781 2417 25 are be VBP 21781 2417 26 divided divide VBN 21781 2417 27 , , , 21781 2417 28 while while IN 21781 2417 29 there there EX 21781 2417 30 is be VBZ 21781 2417 31 only only RB 21781 2417 32 one one CD 21781 2417 33 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 2417 34 , , , 21781 2417 35 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2417 36 might may MD 21781 2417 37 expect expect VB 21781 2417 38 a a DT 21781 2417 39 stage stage NN 21781 2417 40 in in IN 21781 2417 41 which which WDT 21781 2417 42 the the DT 21781 2417 43 developing develop VBG 21781 2417 44 chick chick NNP 21781 2417 45 's 's POS 21781 2417 46 heart heart NN 21781 2417 47 would would MD 21781 2417 48 have have VB 21781 2417 49 one one CD 21781 2417 50 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 2417 51 , , , 21781 2417 52 and and CC 21781 2417 53 a a DT 21781 2417 54 septum septum NN 21781 2417 55 between between IN 21781 2417 56 the the DT 21781 2417 57 auricles auricle NNS 21781 2417 58 . . . 21781 2418 1 But but CC 21781 2418 2 , , , 21781 2418 3 as as IN 21781 2418 4 a a DT 21781 2418 5 matter matter NN 21781 2418 6 of of IN 21781 2418 7 fact fact NN 21781 2418 8 , , , 21781 2418 9 the the DT 21781 2418 10 ventricles ventricle NNS 21781 2418 11 in in IN 21781 2418 12 fowl fowl NN 21781 2418 13 and and CC 21781 2418 14 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2418 15 are be VBP 21781 2418 16 separated separate VBN 21781 2418 17 first first RB 21781 2418 18 , , , 21781 2418 19 and and CC 21781 2418 20 the the DT 21781 2418 21 separation separation NN 21781 2418 22 of of IN 21781 2418 23 the the DT 21781 2418 24 auricles auricle NNS 21781 2418 25 follows follow VBZ 21781 2418 26 , , , 21781 2418 27 and and CC 21781 2418 28 is be VBZ 21781 2418 29 barely barely RB 21781 2418 30 complete complete JJ 21781 2418 31 at at IN 21781 2418 32 birth birth NN 21781 2418 33 . . . 21781 2419 1 Section section NN 21781 2419 2 31 31 CD 21781 2419 3 . . . 21781 2420 1 Two two CD 21781 2420 2 vitelline vitelline NN 21781 2420 3 veins vein NNS 21781 2420 4 from from IN 21781 2420 5 the the DT 21781 2420 6 yolk yolk NN 21781 2420 7 sac sac NN 21781 2420 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2420 9 v.v v.v NNP 21781 2420 10 . . NNP 21781 2420 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2421 1 flow flow VB 21781 2421 2 into into IN 21781 2421 3 the the DT 21781 2421 4 heart heart NN 21781 2421 5 from from IN 21781 2421 6 behind behind RB 21781 2421 7 , , , 21781 2421 8 as as IN 21781 2421 9 shown show VBN 21781 2421 10 in in IN 21781 2421 11 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2421 12 1 1 CD 21781 2421 13 . . . 21781 2422 1 A a DT 21781 2422 2 later later RB 21781 2422 3 more more RBR 21781 2422 4 complete complete JJ 21781 2422 5 and and CC 21781 2422 6 more more RBR 21781 2422 7 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2422 8 figure figure NN 21781 2422 9 of of IN 21781 2422 10 the the DT 21781 2422 11 circulation circulation NN 21781 2422 12 is be VBZ 21781 2422 13 seen see VBN 21781 2422 14 in in IN 21781 2422 15 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2422 16 7 7 CD 21781 2422 17 . . . 21781 2423 1 At at IN 21781 2423 2 first first RB 21781 2423 3 there there EX 21781 2423 4 are be VBP 21781 2423 5 two two CD 21781 2423 6 anterior anterior NNP 21781 2423 7 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 2423 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2423 9 a.c a.c NNP 21781 2423 10 . . NNP 21781 2423 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2423 12 , , , 21781 2423 13 and and CC 21781 2423 14 two two CD 21781 2423 15 posterior posterior JJ 21781 2423 16 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 2423 17 veins vein NNS 21781 2423 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2423 19 p.c p.c NNP 21781 2423 20 . . NNP 21781 2423 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2424 1 uniting unite VBG 21781 2424 2 to to TO 21781 2424 3 form form VB 21781 2424 4 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 2424 5 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 2424 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2424 7 c.s c.s NNP 21781 2424 8 . . NNP 21781 2424 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2425 1 that that DT 21781 2425 2 open open JJ 21781 2425 3 into into IN 21781 2425 4 the the DT 21781 2425 5 heart heart NN 21781 2425 6 just just RB 21781 2425 7 as as IN 21781 2425 8 in in IN 21781 2425 9 the the DT 21781 2425 10 dog dog NN 21781 2425 11 - - HYPH 21781 2425 12 fish fish NN 21781 2425 13 . . . 21781 2426 1 But but CC 21781 2426 2 later later RB 21781 2426 3 the the DT 21781 2426 4 inferior inferior JJ 21781 2426 5 cava cava NN 21781 2426 6 is be VBZ 21781 2426 7 developed develop VBN 21781 2426 8 and and CC 21781 2426 9 extends extend VBZ 21781 2426 10 backward backward RB 21781 2426 11 , , , 21781 2426 12 the the DT 21781 2426 13 posterior posterior NNP 21781 2426 14 cardinals cardinal NNS 21781 2426 15 atrophy atrophy NN 21781 2426 16 , , , 21781 2426 17 the the DT 21781 2426 18 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 2426 19 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 2426 20 become become VBP 21781 2426 21 the the DT 21781 2426 22 superior superior JJ 21781 2426 23 cavae cavae NNP 21781 2426 24 , , , 21781 2426 25 and and CC 21781 2426 26 the the DT 21781 2426 27 anterior anterior NNP 21781 2426 28 cardinals cardinal VBZ 21781 2426 29 the the DT 21781 2426 30 internal internal JJ 21781 2426 31 jugular jugular NNP 21781 2426 32 veins vein NNS 21781 2426 33 . . . 21781 2427 1 The the DT 21781 2427 2 vitelline vitelline NN 21781 2427 3 veins vein NNS 21781 2427 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2427 5 v.v v.v NNP 21781 2427 6 . . NNP 21781 2427 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2428 1 flow flow VB 21781 2428 2 , , , 21781 2428 3 at at IN 21781 2428 4 first first RB 21781 2428 5 , , , 21781 2428 6 uninterruptedly uninterruptedly RB 21781 2428 7 through through IN 21781 2428 8 the the DT 21781 2428 9 liver liver NN 21781 2428 10 to to IN 21781 2428 11 the the DT 21781 2428 12 inferior inferior JJ 21781 2428 13 cava cava NN 21781 2428 14 , , , 21781 2428 15 but but CC 21781 2428 16 , , , 21781 2428 17 as as IN 21781 2428 18 development development NN 21781 2428 19 proceeds proceed VBZ 21781 2428 20 , , , 21781 2428 21 a a DT 21781 2428 22 capillary capillary JJ 21781 2428 23 system system NN 21781 2428 24 is be VBZ 21781 2428 25 established establish VBN 21781 2428 26 in in IN 21781 2428 27 the the DT 21781 2428 28 liver liver NN 21781 2428 29 , , , 21781 2428 30 and and CC 21781 2428 31 the the DT 21781 2428 32 through through JJ 21781 2428 33 communication communication NN 21781 2428 34 , , , 21781 2428 35 the the DT 21781 2428 36 ductus ductus NNP 21781 2428 37 venosus venosus NNP 21781 2428 38 , , , 21781 2428 39 is be VBZ 21781 2428 40 reduced-- reduced-- VB 21781 2428 41 at at IN 21781 2428 42 last-- last-- NN 21781 2428 43 completely completely RB 21781 2428 44 . . . 21781 2429 1 Bearing bear VBG 21781 2429 2 in in IN 21781 2429 3 mind mind NN 21781 2429 4 that that IN 21781 2429 5 the the DT 21781 2429 6 yolk yolk NN 21781 2429 7 is be VBZ 21781 2429 8 outside outside IN 21781 2429 9 the the DT 21781 2429 10 body body NN 21781 2429 11 in in IN 21781 2429 12 the the DT 21781 2429 13 fowl fowl NN 21781 2429 14 and and CC 21781 2429 15 inside inside IN 21781 2429 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2429 17 in in IN 21781 2429 18 the the DT 21781 2429 19 frog frog NN 21781 2429 20 , , , 21781 2429 21 the the DT 21781 2429 22 vitelline vitelline NN 21781 2429 23 veins vein NNS 21781 2429 24 of of IN 21781 2429 25 the the DT 21781 2429 26 former former JJ 21781 2429 27 have have VBP 21781 2429 28 a a DT 21781 2429 29 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2429 30 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 2429 31 in in IN 21781 2429 32 position position NN 21781 2429 33 , , , 21781 2429 34 and and CC 21781 2429 35 in in IN 21781 2429 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2429 37 relation relation NN 21781 2429 38 to to IN 21781 2429 39 the the DT 21781 2429 40 portal portal JJ 21781 2429 41 vein vein NN 21781 2429 42 , , , 21781 2429 43 to to IN 21781 2429 44 a a DT 21781 2429 45 portion portion NN 21781 2429 46 of of IN 21781 2429 47 the the DT 21781 2429 48 single single JJ 21781 2429 49 anterior anterior NNP 21781 2429 50 abdominal abdominal NNP 21781 2429 51 vein vein NNP 21781 2429 52 . . . 21781 2430 1 Blood blood NN 21781 2430 2 is be VBZ 21781 2430 3 taken take VBN 21781 2430 4 out out RP 21781 2430 5 to to IN 21781 2430 6 the the DT 21781 2430 7 allantois allantois NN 21781 2430 8 , , , 21781 2430 9 however however RB 21781 2430 10 , , , 21781 2430 11 by by IN 21781 2430 12 the the DT 21781 2430 13 arteries artery NNS 21781 2430 14 of of IN 21781 2430 15 the the DT 21781 2430 16 latter latter JJ 21781 2430 17 type type NN 21781 2430 18 . . . 21781 2431 1 Section section NN 21781 2431 2 32 32 CD 21781 2431 3 . . . 21781 2432 1 Five five CD 21781 2432 2 aortic aortic JJ 21781 2432 3 arches arch NNS 21781 2432 4 are be VBP 21781 2432 5 generally generally RB 21781 2432 6 stated state VBN 21781 2432 7 to to TO 21781 2432 8 appear appear VB 21781 2432 9 altogether altogether RB 21781 2432 10 in in IN 21781 2432 11 the the DT 21781 2432 12 fowl fowl NN 21781 2432 13 , , , 21781 2432 14 but but CC 21781 2432 15 not not RB 21781 2432 16 simultaneously simultaneously RB 21781 2432 17 . . . 21781 2433 1 The the DT 21781 2433 2 first first JJ 21781 2433 3 two two CD 21781 2433 4 , , , 21781 2433 5 the the DT 21781 2433 6 mandibular mandibular NN 21781 2433 7 and and CC 21781 2433 8 the the DT 21781 2433 9 hyoid hyoid JJ 21781 2433 10 vascular vascular JJ 21781 2433 11 arches arch NNS 21781 2433 12 , , , 21781 2433 13 early early RB 21781 2433 14 disappear disappear VBP 21781 2433 15 , , , 21781 2433 16 and and CC 21781 2433 17 are be VBP 21781 2433 18 not not RB 21781 2433 19 comparable comparable JJ 21781 2433 20 to to IN 21781 2433 21 any any DT 21781 2433 22 in in IN 21781 2433 23 the the DT 21781 2433 24 frog frog NN 21781 2433 25 . . . 21781 2434 1 The the DT 21781 2434 2 third third JJ 21781 2434 3 is be VBZ 21781 2434 4 the the DT 21781 2434 5 first first JJ 21781 2434 6 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2434 7 arch arch NN 21781 2434 8 , , , 21781 2434 9 and and CC 21781 2434 10 , , , 21781 2434 11 like like IN 21781 2434 12 the the DT 21781 2434 13 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 2434 14 arch arch NN 21781 2434 15 in in IN 21781 2434 16 the the DT 21781 2434 17 frog frog NN 21781 2434 18 , , , 21781 2434 19 forms form VBZ 21781 2434 20 the the DT 21781 2434 21 carotid carotid JJ 21781 2434 22 artery artery NN 21781 2434 23 ; ; : 21781 2434 24 the the DT 21781 2434 25 second second JJ 21781 2434 26 branchial branchial NN 21781 2434 27 is be VBZ 21781 2434 28 the the DT 21781 2434 29 aortic aortic JJ 21781 2434 30 arch arch NN 21781 2434 31 ; ; : 21781 2434 32 and and CC 21781 2434 33 what what WP 21781 2434 34 has have VBZ 21781 2434 35 hitherto hitherto VBN 21781 2434 36 been be VBN 21781 2434 37 regarded regard VBN 21781 2434 38 as as IN 21781 2434 39 the the DT 21781 2434 40 third third JJ 21781 2434 41 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2434 42 the the DT 21781 2434 43 fifth fifth JJ 21781 2434 44 arch arch NN 21781 2434 45 , , , 21781 2434 46 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 2434 47 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2435 1 the the DT 21781 2435 2 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 2435 3 artery artery NN 21781 2435 4 . . . 21781 2436 1 A a DT 21781 2436 2 transitory transitory JJ 21781 2436 3 arch arch NN 21781 2436 4 , , , 21781 2436 5 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2436 6 is be VBZ 21781 2436 7 now now RB 21781 2436 8 known know VBN 21781 2436 9 , , , 21781 2436 10 however however RB 21781 2436 11 , , , 21781 2436 12 appears appear VBZ 21781 2436 13 between between IN 21781 2436 14 the the DT 21781 2436 15 second second JJ 21781 2436 16 branchial branchial NN 21781 2436 17 and and CC 21781 2436 18 the the DT 21781 2436 19 last last JJ 21781 2436 20 , , , 21781 2436 21 and and CC 21781 2436 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2436 23 is be VBZ 21781 2436 24 therefore therefore RB 21781 2436 25 the the DT 21781 2436 26 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2436 27 branchial branchial NN 21781 2436 28 arch arch NN 21781 2436 29 which which WDT 21781 2436 30 is be VBZ 21781 2436 31 the the DT 21781 2436 32 pulmonary pulmonary NN 21781 2436 33 , , , 21781 2436 34 just just RB 21781 2436 35 as as IN 21781 2436 36 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2436 37 is be VBZ 21781 2436 38 in in IN 21781 2436 39 the the DT 21781 2436 40 frog frog NN 21781 2436 41 . . . 21781 2437 1 Section section NN 21781 2437 2 33 33 CD 21781 2437 3 . . . 21781 2438 1 Blood blood NN 21781 2438 2 , , , 21781 2438 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2438 4 may may MD 21781 2438 5 be be VB 21781 2438 6 mentioned mention VBN 21781 2438 7 , , , 21781 2438 8 first first RB 21781 2438 9 appears appear VBZ 21781 2438 10 in in IN 21781 2438 11 the the DT 21781 2438 12 area area NN 21781 2438 13 vasculosa vasculosa NNP 21781 2438 14 , , , 21781 2438 15 the the DT 21781 2438 16 outer outer JJ 21781 2438 17 portion portion NN 21781 2438 18 of of IN 21781 2438 19 the the DT 21781 2438 20 area area NN 21781 2438 21 opaca opaca NN 21781 2438 22 . . . 21781 2439 1 Embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2439 2 cells cell NNS 21781 2439 3 send send VBP 21781 2439 4 out out RP 21781 2439 5 processes process NNS 21781 2439 6 , , , 21781 2439 7 and and CC 21781 2439 8 so so RB 21781 2439 9 become become VB 21781 2439 10 multipolar multipolar JJ 21781 2439 11 ; ; : 21781 2439 12 the the DT 21781 2439 13 processes process NNS 21781 2439 14 of of IN 21781 2439 15 adjacent adjacent JJ 21781 2439 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2439 17 coalesce coalesce NN 21781 2439 18 . . . 21781 2440 1 The the DT 21781 2440 2 nucleus nucleus NN 21781 2440 3 divides divide VBZ 21781 2440 4 , , , 21781 2440 5 and and CC 21781 2440 6 empty empty JJ 21781 2440 7 spaces space NNS 21781 2440 8 appear appear VBP 21781 2440 9 in in IN 21781 2440 10 the the DT 21781 2440 11 substance substance NN 21781 2440 12 of of IN 21781 2440 13 each each DT 21781 2440 14 of of IN 21781 2440 15 the the DT 21781 2440 16 cells cell NNS 21781 2440 17 . . . 21781 2441 1 In in IN 21781 2441 2 this this DT 21781 2441 3 way way NN 21781 2441 4 , , , 21781 2441 5 the the DT 21781 2441 6 cavities cavity NNS 21781 2441 7 of of IN 21781 2441 8 the the DT 21781 2441 9 smaller small JJR 21781 2441 10 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2441 11 and and CC 21781 2441 12 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 2441 13 are be VBP 21781 2441 14 formed form VBN 21781 2441 15 , , , 21781 2441 16 and and CC 21781 2441 17 the the DT 21781 2441 18 products product NNS 21781 2441 19 of of IN 21781 2441 20 the the DT 21781 2441 21 internal internal JJ 21781 2441 22 divisions division NNS 21781 2441 23 of of IN 21781 2441 24 the the DT 21781 2441 25 cells cell NNS 21781 2441 26 become become VBP 21781 2441 27 the the DT 21781 2441 28 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 2441 29 within within IN 21781 2441 30 the the DT 21781 2441 31 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2441 32 . . . 21781 2442 1 The the DT 21781 2442 2 red red JJ 21781 2442 3 blood blood NN 21781 2442 4 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 2442 5 of of IN 21781 2442 6 the the DT 21781 2442 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2442 8 , , , 21781 2442 9 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2442 10 may may MD 21781 2442 11 be be VB 21781 2442 12 added add VBN 21781 2442 13 , , , 21781 2442 14 are be VBP 21781 2442 15 nucleated nucleate VBN 21781 2442 16 for for IN 21781 2442 17 a a DT 21781 2442 18 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2442 19 portion portion NN 21781 2442 20 of of IN 21781 2442 21 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2442 22 life life NN 21781 2442 23 . . . 21781 2443 1 Larger large JJR 21781 2443 2 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2443 3 and and CC 21781 2443 4 the the DT 21781 2443 5 heart heart NN 21781 2443 6 are be VBP 21781 2443 7 burrowed burrow VBN 21781 2443 8 , , , 21781 2443 9 as as IN 21781 2443 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2443 11 were be VBD 21781 2443 12 , , , 21781 2443 13 out out IN 21781 2443 14 of of IN 21781 2443 15 masses masse NNS 21781 2443 16 of of IN 21781 2443 17 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2443 18 cells cell NNS 21781 2443 19 . . . 21781 2444 1 The the DT 21781 2444 2 course course NN 21781 2444 3 of of IN 21781 2444 4 the the DT 21781 2444 5 blood blood NN 21781 2444 6 in in IN 21781 2444 7 the the DT 21781 2444 8 embryo embryo NN 21781 2444 9 is be VBZ 21781 2444 10 by by IN 21781 2444 11 the the DT 21781 2444 12 veins vein NNS 21781 2444 13 to to IN 21781 2444 14 the the DT 21781 2444 15 right right JJ 21781 2444 16 auricle auricle NN 21781 2444 17 , , , 21781 2444 18 thence thence NN 21781 2444 19 through through IN 21781 2444 20 the the DT 21781 2444 21 imperfection imperfection NN 21781 2444 22 of of IN 21781 2444 23 the the DT 21781 2444 24 auricular auricular JJ 21781 2444 25 septum septum NN 21781 2444 26 already already RB 21781 2444 27 alluded allude VBD 21781 2444 28 to to IN 21781 2444 29 , , , 21781 2444 30 into into IN 21781 2444 31 the the DT 21781 2444 32 left left JJ 21781 2444 33 auricle auricle NN 21781 2444 34 . . . 21781 2445 1 Then then RB 21781 2445 2 the the DT 21781 2445 3 left left JJ 21781 2445 4 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 2445 5 , , , 21781 2445 6 aortic aortic NNP 21781 2445 7 arches arch VBZ 21781 2445 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2445 9 for for IN 21781 2445 10 the the DT 21781 2445 11 future future JJ 21781 2445 12 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 2445 13 artery artery NN 21781 2445 14 is be VBZ 21781 2445 15 in in IN 21781 2445 16 communication communication NN 21781 2445 17 by by IN 21781 2445 18 a a DT 21781 2445 19 part part NN 21781 2445 20 presently presently RB 21781 2445 21 blocked block VBN 21781 2445 22 , , , 21781 2445 23 the the DT 21781 2445 24 ductus ductus NNP 21781 2445 25 arterious arterious JJ 21781 2445 26 , , , 21781 2445 27 with with IN 21781 2445 28 the the DT 21781 2445 29 systemic systemic JJ 21781 2445 30 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2445 31 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2445 32 , , , 21781 2445 33 arteries artery NNS 21781 2445 34 , , , 21781 2445 35 capillaries capillary NNS 21781 2445 36 , , , 21781 2445 37 veins vein NNS 21781 2445 38 . . . 21781 2446 1 The the DT 21781 2446 2 liver liver NN 21781 2446 3 capillary capillary JJ 21781 2446 4 system system NN 21781 2446 5 and and CC 21781 2446 6 the the DT 21781 2446 7 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 2446 8 system system NN 21781 2446 9 only only RB 21781 2446 10 become become VB 21781 2446 11 inserted insert VBN 21781 2446 12 upon upon IN 21781 2446 13 the the DT 21781 2446 14 circulation circulation NN 21781 2446 15 at at IN 21781 2446 16 a a DT 21781 2446 17 comparatively comparatively RB 21781 2446 18 late late JJ 21781 2446 19 stage stage NN 21781 2446 20 . . . 21781 2447 1 Section section NN 21781 2447 2 34 34 CD 21781 2447 3 . . . 21781 2448 1 With with IN 21781 2448 2 the the DT 21781 2448 3 exception exception NN 21781 2448 4 of of IN 21781 2448 5 the the DT 21781 2448 6 reduction reduction NN 21781 2448 7 of of IN 21781 2448 8 the the DT 21781 2448 9 pronephros pronephro NNS 21781 2448 10 , , , 21781 2448 11 what what WP 21781 2448 12 has have VBZ 21781 2448 13 been be VBN 21781 2448 14 said say VBN 21781 2448 15 of of IN 21781 2448 16 the the DT 21781 2448 17 development development NN 21781 2448 18 of of IN 21781 2448 19 the the DT 21781 2448 20 frog frog NN 21781 2448 21 's 's POS 21781 2448 22 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2448 23 system system NN 21781 2448 24 , , , 21781 2448 25 renal renal JJ 21781 2448 26 and and CC 21781 2448 27 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 2448 28 organs organ NNS 21781 2448 29 , , , 21781 2448 30 and and CC 21781 2448 31 skeleton skeleton NNP 21781 2448 32 , , , 21781 2448 33 applies apply VBZ 21781 2448 34 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 2448 35 to to IN 21781 2448 36 the the DT 21781 2448 37 fowl fowl NN 21781 2448 38 for for IN 21781 2448 39 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2448 40 present present JJ 21781 2448 41 purposes purpose NNS 21781 2448 42 . . . 21781 2449 1 The the DT 21781 2449 2 entire entire JJ 21781 2449 3 separation separation NN 21781 2449 4 of of IN 21781 2449 5 Wolffian wolffian JJ 21781 2449 6 and and CC 21781 2449 7 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 2449 8 ducts duct NNS 21781 2449 9 from from IN 21781 2449 10 the the DT 21781 2449 11 very very JJ 21781 2449 12 beginning beginning NN 21781 2449 13 of of IN 21781 2449 14 development development NN 21781 2449 15 is be VBZ 21781 2449 16 here here RB 21781 2449 17 beyond beyond IN 21781 2449 18 all all DT 21781 2449 19 question question NN 21781 2449 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2449 21 vide vide NN 21781 2449 22 Section Section NNP 21781 2449 23 18 18 CD 21781 2449 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2449 25 . . . 21781 2450 1 But but CC 21781 2450 2 the the DT 21781 2450 3 notochord notochord NN 21781 2450 4 in in IN 21781 2450 5 the the DT 21781 2450 6 fowl fowl NN 21781 2450 7 is be VBZ 21781 2450 8 not not RB 21781 2450 9 so so RB 21781 2450 10 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2450 11 connected connect VBN 21781 2450 12 with with IN 21781 2450 13 the the DT 21781 2450 14 hypoblast hypoblast NN 21781 2450 15 , , , 21781 2450 16 and and CC 21781 2450 17 so so RB 21781 2450 18 distinct distinct JJ 21781 2450 19 from from IN 21781 2450 20 the the DT 21781 2450 21 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2450 22 , , , 21781 2450 23 as as IN 21781 2450 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2450 25 is be VBZ 21781 2450 26 in in IN 21781 2450 27 the the DT 21781 2450 28 lower low JJR 21781 2450 29 type type NN 21781 2450 30 , , , 21781 2450 31 and and CC 21781 2450 32 no no DT 21781 2450 33 gills gill NNS 21781 2450 34 , , , 21781 2450 35 internal internal JJ 21781 2450 36 or or CC 21781 2450 37 external external JJ 21781 2450 38 , , , 21781 2450 39 are be VBP 21781 2450 40 ever ever RB 21781 2450 41 developed develop VBN 21781 2450 42 . . . 21781 2451 1 The the DT 21781 2451 2 gill gill JJ 21781 2451 3 slits slit NNS 21781 2451 4 occur occur VBP 21781 2451 5 with with IN 21781 2451 6 a a DT 21781 2451 7 modification modification NN 21781 2451 8 due due IN 21781 2451 9 to to IN 21781 2451 10 the the DT 21781 2451 11 slitting slitting NN 21781 2451 12 and and CC 21781 2451 13 flattening flatten VBG 21781 2451 14 out out IN 21781 2451 15 of of IN 21781 2451 16 the the DT 21781 2451 17 embryo embryo NN 21781 2451 18 , , , 21781 2451 19 already already RB 21781 2451 20 insisted insist VBN 21781 2451 21 upon upon IN 21781 2451 22 ; ; : 21781 2451 23 for for IN 21781 2451 24 , , , 21781 2451 25 whereas whereas IN 21781 2451 26 in in IN 21781 2451 27 the the DT 21781 2451 28 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2451 29 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2451 30 may may MD 21781 2451 31 be be VB 21781 2451 32 described describe VBN 21781 2451 33 as as IN 21781 2451 34 perforations perforation NNS 21781 2451 35 , , , 21781 2451 36 in in IN 21781 2451 37 the the DT 21781 2451 38 fowl fowl NN 21781 2451 39 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2451 40 appear appear VBP 21781 2451 41 as as IN 21781 2451 42 four four CD 21781 2451 43 notches notch NNS 21781 2451 44 between between IN 21781 2451 45 ingrowing ingrowe VBG 21781 2451 46 processes process NNS 21781 2451 47 that that WDT 21781 2451 48 are be VBP 21781 2451 49 endeavouring endeavour VBG 21781 2451 50 to to TO 21781 2451 51 meet meet VB 21781 2451 52 in in IN 21781 2451 53 the the DT 21781 2451 54 middle middle JJ 21781 2451 55 line line NN 21781 2451 56 . . . 21781 2452 1 _ _ NNP 21781 2452 2 The the DT 21781 2452 3 Development Development NNP 21781 2452 4 of of IN 21781 2452 5 the the DT 21781 2452 6 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 2452 7 _ _ NNP 21781 2452 8 Section Section NNP 21781 2452 9 35 35 CD 21781 2452 10 . . . 21781 2453 1 The the DT 21781 2453 2 early early JJ 21781 2453 3 development development NN 21781 2453 4 of of IN 21781 2453 5 the the DT 21781 2453 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2453 7 is be VBZ 21781 2453 8 apt apt JJ 21781 2453 9 to to TO 21781 2453 10 puzzle puzzle VB 21781 2453 11 students student NNS 21781 2453 12 a a DT 21781 2453 13 little little JJ 21781 2453 14 at at IN 21781 2453 15 first first RB 21781 2453 16 . . . 21781 2454 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2454 2 have have VBP 21781 2454 3 an an DT 21781 2454 4 ovum ovum NN 21781 2454 5 practically practically RB 21781 2454 6 free free JJ 21781 2454 7 from from IN 21781 2454 8 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2454 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2454 10 alecithal alecithal NNP 21781 2454 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2454 12 , , , 21781 2454 13 and and CC 21781 2454 14 , , , 21781 2454 15 therefore therefore RB 21781 2454 16 , , , 21781 2454 17 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2454 18 find find VBP 21781 2454 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2454 20 dividing divide VBG 21781 2454 21 completely completely RB 21781 2454 22 and and CC 21781 2454 23 almost almost RB 21781 2454 24 equally equally RB 21781 2454 25 . . . 21781 2455 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2455 2 naturally naturally RB 21781 2455 3 assume assume VBP 21781 2455 4 , , , 21781 2455 5 from from IN 21781 2455 6 what what WP 21781 2455 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2455 8 have have VBP 21781 2455 9 learnt learn VBN 21781 2455 10 , , , 21781 2455 11 that that IN 21781 2455 12 the the DT 21781 2455 13 next next JJ 21781 2455 14 stages stage NNS 21781 2455 15 will will MD 21781 2455 16 be be VB 21781 2455 17 the the DT 21781 2455 18 formation formation NN 21781 2455 19 of of IN 21781 2455 20 a a DT 21781 2455 21 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2455 22 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 2455 23 , , , 21781 2455 24 invagination invagination NN 21781 2455 25 , , , 21781 2455 26 a a DT 21781 2455 27 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2455 28 forming form VBG 21781 2455 29 mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 2455 30 by by IN 21781 2455 31 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2455 32 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 2455 33 from from IN 21781 2455 34 the the DT 21781 2455 35 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2455 36 , , , 21781 2455 37 and and CC 21781 2455 38 so so RB 21781 2455 39 on on RB 21781 2455 40 . . . 21781 2456 1 There there EX 21781 2456 2 is be VBZ 21781 2456 3 no no DT 21781 2456 4 yolk yolk NN 21781 2456 5 here here RB 21781 2456 6 to to TO 21781 2456 7 substitute substitute VB 21781 2456 8 epiboly epiboly NNP 21781 2456 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2456 10 Section section NN 21781 2456 11 9 9 CD 21781 2456 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2456 13 for for IN 21781 2456 14 invagination invagination NN 21781 2456 15 , , , 21781 2456 16 nor nor CC 21781 2456 17 to to TO 21781 2456 18 obliterate obliterate VB 21781 2456 19 the the DT 21781 2456 20 archenteron archenteron NNP 21781 2456 21 and and CC 21781 2456 22 the the DT 21781 2456 23 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2456 24 through through IN 21781 2456 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2456 26 pressure pressure NN 21781 2456 27 . . . 21781 2457 1 Yet yet RB 21781 2457 2 none none NN 21781 2457 3 of of IN 21781 2457 4 these these DT 21781 2457 5 things thing NNS 21781 2457 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2457 7 have have VBP 21781 2457 8 anticipated anticipate VBN 21781 2457 9 occur occur VBP 21781 2457 10 ! ! . 21781 2458 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2458 2 find find VBP 21781 2458 3 solid solid JJ 21781 2458 4 mesoblastic mesoblastic JJ 21781 2458 5 somites somite NNS 21781 2458 6 , , , 21781 2458 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2458 8 find find VBP 21781 2458 9 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2458 10 streak streak NN 21781 2458 11 , , , 21781 2458 12 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2458 13 and and CC 21781 2458 14 amnion amnion NN 21781 2458 15 , , , 21781 2458 16 features feature VBZ 21781 2458 17 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2458 18 have have VBP 21781 2458 19 just just RB 21781 2458 20 been be VBN 21781 2458 21 explaining explain VBG 21781 2458 22 as as IN 21781 2458 23 the the DT 21781 2458 24 consequence consequence NN 21781 2458 25 of of IN 21781 2458 26 an an DT 21781 2458 27 excess excess NN 21781 2458 28 of of IN 21781 2458 29 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2458 30 in in IN 21781 2458 31 the the DT 21781 2458 32 egg egg NN 21781 2458 33 . . . 21781 2459 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2459 2 even even RB 21781 2459 3 find find VBP 21781 2459 4 a a DT 21781 2459 5 yolk yolk NN 21781 2459 6 sac sac NN 21781 2459 7 with with IN 21781 2459 8 no no DT 21781 2459 9 yolk yolk NN 21781 2459 10 in in IN 21781 2459 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2459 12 . . . 21781 2460 1 Section section NN 21781 2460 2 36 36 CD 21781 2460 3 . . . 21781 2461 1 A a DT 21781 2461 2 solid solid JJ 21781 2461 3 mass mass NN 21781 2461 4 of of IN 21781 2461 5 cells cell NNS 21781 2461 6 is be VBZ 21781 2461 7 formed form VBN 21781 2461 8 at at IN 21781 2461 9 the the DT 21781 2461 10 beginning beginning NN 21781 2461 11 , , , 21781 2461 12 called call VBD 21781 2461 13 a a DT 21781 2461 14 morula morula NN 21781 2461 15 , , , 21781 2461 16 Figure figure NN 21781 2461 17 1 1 CD 21781 2461 18 . . . 21781 2462 1 In in IN 21781 2462 2 this this DT 21781 2462 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2462 4 are be VBP 21781 2462 5 able able JJ 21781 2462 6 to to TO 21781 2462 7 distinguish distinguish VB 21781 2462 8 rather rather RB 21781 2462 9 smaller small JJR 21781 2462 10 outer outer JJ 21781 2462 11 layer layer NN 21781 2462 12 cells cell NNS 21781 2462 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2462 14 o.l.c o.l.c NNP 21781 2462 15 . . . 21781 2463 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2463 2 , , , 21781 2463 3 and and CC 21781 2463 4 rather rather RB 21781 2463 5 larger large JJR 21781 2463 6 inner inner JJ 21781 2463 7 layer layer NN 21781 2463 8 cells cell NNS 21781 2463 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2463 10 i.l.c i.l.c NNP 21781 2463 11 . . . 21781 2464 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2464 2 , , , 21781 2464 3 but but CC 21781 2464 4 these these DT 21781 2464 5 cells cell NNS 21781 2464 6 , , , 21781 2464 7 in in IN 21781 2464 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2464 9 later later JJ 21781 2464 10 development development NN 21781 2464 11 , , , 21781 2464 12 do do VB 21781 2464 13 not not RB 21781 2464 14 answer answer VB 21781 2464 15 at at RB 21781 2464 16 all all RB 21781 2464 17 to to IN 21781 2464 18 the the DT 21781 2464 19 two two CD 21781 2464 20 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2464 21 layers layer NNS 21781 2464 22 of of IN 21781 2464 23 the the DT 21781 2464 24 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 2464 25 , , , 21781 2464 26 and and CC 21781 2464 27 the the DT 21781 2464 28 name name NN 21781 2464 29 of of IN 21781 2464 30 Van Van NNP 21781 2464 31 Beneden Beneden NNP 21781 2464 32 's 's POS 21781 2464 33 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2464 34 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2464 35 V.B.b V.B.b NNP 21781 2464 36 . . . 21781 2465 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2465 2 , , , 21781 2465 3 for for IN 21781 2465 4 a a DT 21781 2465 5 point point NN 21781 2465 6 where where WRB 21781 2465 7 the the DT 21781 2465 8 outer outer JJ 21781 2465 9 layer layer NN 21781 2465 10 of of IN 21781 2465 11 cells cell NNS 21781 2465 12 is be VBZ 21781 2465 13 incomplete incomplete JJ 21781 2465 14 over over IN 21781 2465 15 the the DT 21781 2465 16 inner inner JJ 21781 2465 17 , , , 21781 2465 18 only only RB 21781 2465 19 commemorates commemorate VBZ 21781 2465 20 the the DT 21781 2465 21 authorship authorship NN 21781 2465 22 of of IN 21781 2465 23 a a DT 21781 2465 24 misnomer misnomer NN 21781 2465 25 . . . 21781 2466 1 The the DT 21781 2466 2 uniformity uniformity NN 21781 2466 3 , , , 21781 2466 4 or or CC 21781 2466 5 agreement agreement NN 21781 2466 6 , , , 21781 2466 7 in in IN 21781 2466 8 the the DT 21781 2466 9 development development NN 21781 2466 10 of of IN 21781 2466 11 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2466 12 other other JJ 21781 2466 13 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2466 14 types type NNS 21781 2466 15 is be VBZ 21781 2466 16 apparently apparently RB 21781 2466 17 departed depart VBN 21781 2466 18 from from IN 21781 2466 19 here here RB 21781 2466 20 . . . 21781 2467 1 { { -LRB- 21781 2467 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 2467 3 : : : 21781 2467 4 Development Development NNP 21781 2467 5 Section Section NNP 21781 2467 6 36 36 CD 21781 2467 7 . . . 21781 2467 8 } } -RRB- 21781 2468 1 Section section NN 21781 2468 2 37 37 CD 21781 2468 3 . . . 21781 2469 1 As as IN 21781 2469 2 the the DT 21781 2469 3 egg egg NN 21781 2469 4 develops develop VBZ 21781 2469 5 , , , 21781 2469 6 however however RB 21781 2469 7 , , , 21781 2469 8 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2469 9 are be VBP 21781 2469 10 astonished astonish VBN 21781 2469 11 to to TO 21781 2469 12 find find VB 21781 2469 13 an an DT 21781 2469 14 increasing increase VBG 21781 2469 15 resemblance resemblance NN 21781 2469 16 to to IN 21781 2469 17 that that DT 21781 2469 18 of of IN 21781 2469 19 the the DT 21781 2469 20 fowl fowl NN 21781 2469 21 . . . 21781 2470 1 A a DT 21781 2470 2 split split NN 21781 2470 3 occurs occur VBZ 21781 2470 4 at at IN 21781 2470 5 one one CD 21781 2470 6 point point NN 21781 2470 7 between between IN 21781 2470 8 outer outer JJ 21781 2470 9 layer layer NN 21781 2470 10 and and CC 21781 2470 11 inner inner JJ 21781 2470 12 layer layer NN 21781 2470 13 cells cell NNS 21781 2470 14 , , , 21781 2470 15 and and CC 21781 2470 16 the the DT 21781 2470 17 space space NN 21781 2470 18 resulting result VBG 21781 2470 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2470 20 Y Y NNP 21781 2470 21 in in IN 21781 2470 22 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2470 23 2 2 CD 21781 2470 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2470 25 is be VBZ 21781 2470 26 filled fill VBN 21781 2470 27 by by IN 21781 2470 28 an an DT 21781 2470 29 increasing increase VBG 21781 2470 30 amount amount NN 21781 2470 31 of of IN 21781 2470 32 fluid fluid NN 21781 2470 33 , , , 21781 2470 34 and and CC 21781 2470 35 rapidly rapidly RB 21781 2470 36 enlarges enlarge VBZ 21781 2470 37 , , , 21781 2470 38 so so IN 21781 2470 39 that that IN 21781 2470 40 presently presently RB 21781 2470 41 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2470 42 have have VBP 21781 2470 43 the the DT 21781 2470 44 state state NN 21781 2470 45 of of IN 21781 2470 46 affairs affair NNS 21781 2470 47 shown show VBN 21781 2470 48 in in IN 21781 2470 49 3 3 CD 21781 2470 50 , , , 21781 2470 51 in in IN 21781 2470 52 which which WDT 21781 2470 53 the the DT 21781 2470 54 inner inner JJ 21781 2470 55 layer layer NN 21781 2470 56 cells cell NNS 21781 2470 57 are be VBP 21781 2470 58 gathered gather VBN 21781 2470 59 together together RB 21781 2470 60 at at IN 21781 2470 61 one one CD 21781 2470 62 point point NN 21781 2470 63 on on IN 21781 2470 64 the the DT 21781 2470 65 surface surface NN 21781 2470 66 of of IN 21781 2470 67 the the DT 21781 2470 68 ovum ovum NN 21781 2470 69 , , , 21781 2470 70 and and CC 21781 2470 71 constitute constitute VB 21781 2470 72 the the DT 21781 2470 73 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2470 74 area area NN 21781 2470 75 . . . 21781 2471 1 If if IN 21781 2471 2 , , , 21781 2471 3 with with IN 21781 2471 4 Hubrecht Hubrecht NNP 21781 2471 5 , , , 21781 2471 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2471 7 regard regard VBP 21781 2471 8 the the DT 21781 2471 9 outer outer JJ 21781 2471 10 layer layer NN 21781 2471 11 cells cell NNS 21781 2471 12 as as IN 21781 2471 13 an an DT 21781 2471 14 egg egg NN 21781 2471 15 membrane membrane NN 21781 2471 16 , , , 21781 2471 17 there there EX 21781 2471 18 is be VBZ 21781 2471 19 a a DT 21781 2471 20 curious curious JJ 21781 2471 21 parallelism parallelism NN 21781 2471 22 between between IN 21781 2471 23 this this DT 21781 2471 24 egg egg NN 21781 2471 25 and and CC 21781 2471 26 the the DT 21781 2471 27 fowl fowl NN 21781 2471 28 's be VBZ 21781 2471 29 the the DT 21781 2471 30 fluid fluid JJ 21781 2471 31 Y Y NNP 21781 2471 32 representing represent VBG 21781 2471 33 the the DT 21781 2471 34 yolk yolk NN 21781 2471 35 ; ; : 21781 2471 36 and and CC 21781 2471 37 the the DT 21781 2471 38 inner inner JJ 21781 2471 39 layer layer NN 21781 2471 40 cells cell VBZ 21781 2471 41 the the DT 21781 2471 42 cells cell NNS 21781 2471 43 of of IN 21781 2471 44 the the DT 21781 2471 45 fowl fowl NN 21781 2471 46 's 's POS 21781 2471 47 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2471 48 area area NN 21781 2471 49 . . . 21781 2472 1 At at IN 21781 2472 2 any any DT 21781 2472 3 rate rate NN 21781 2472 4 , , , 21781 2472 5 the the DT 21781 2472 6 subsequent subsequent JJ 21781 2472 7 development development NN 21781 2472 8 goes go VBZ 21781 2472 9 far far RB 21781 2472 10 to to TO 21781 2472 11 justify justify VB 21781 2472 12 such such PDT 21781 2472 13 a a DT 21781 2472 14 view view NN 21781 2472 15 . . . 21781 2473 1 The the DT 21781 2473 2 inner inner JJ 21781 2473 3 cells cell NNS 21781 2473 4 split split VBD 21781 2473 5 into into IN 21781 2473 6 epi- epi- NNS 21781 2473 7 , , , 21781 2473 8 meso- meso- FW 21781 2473 9 , , , 21781 2473 10 and and CC 21781 2473 11 hypo hypo JJ 21781 2473 12 - - HYPH 21781 2473 13 blast blast NN 21781 2473 14 , , , 21781 2473 15 like like IN 21781 2473 16 the the DT 21781 2473 17 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 21781 2473 18 in in IN 21781 2473 19 the the DT 21781 2473 20 fowl fowl NN 21781 2473 21 ; ; : 21781 2473 22 there there EX 21781 2473 23 is be VBZ 21781 2473 24 a a DT 21781 2473 25 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2473 26 streak streak NN 21781 2473 27 and and CC 21781 2473 28 no no DT 21781 2473 29 blastopore blastopore NN 21781 2473 30 ; ; : 21781 2473 31 an an DT 21781 2473 32 amnion amnion NN 21781 2473 33 arises arise VBZ 21781 2473 34 ; ; : 21781 2473 35 the the DT 21781 2473 36 yolk yolk NN 21781 2473 37 sac sac NN 21781 2473 38 , , , 21781 2473 39 small small JJ 21781 2473 40 and and CC 21781 2473 41 full full JJ 21781 2473 42 of of IN 21781 2473 43 serous serous JJ 21781 2473 44 fluid fluid NN 21781 2473 45 , , , 21781 2473 46 is be VBZ 21781 2473 47 cut cut VBN 21781 2473 48 off off RP 21781 2473 49 just just RB 21781 2473 50 as as IN 21781 2473 51 the the DT 21781 2473 52 enormous enormous JJ 21781 2473 53 yolk yolk NN 21781 2473 54 of of IN 21781 2473 55 the the DT 21781 2473 56 fowl fowl NN 21781 2473 57 is be VBZ 21781 2473 58 cut cut VBN 21781 2473 59 off off RP 21781 2473 60 ; ; : 21781 2473 61 and and CC 21781 2473 62 an an DT 21781 2473 63 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2473 64 arises arise VBZ 21781 2473 65 in in IN 21781 2473 66 the the DT 21781 2473 67 same same JJ 21781 2473 68 way way NN 21781 2473 69 . . . 21781 2474 1 There there EX 21781 2474 2 is be VBZ 21781 2474 3 no no DT 21781 2474 4 need need NN 21781 2474 5 to to TO 21781 2474 6 give give VB 21781 2474 7 special special JJ 21781 2474 8 diagrams-- diagrams-- NNP 21781 2474 9 Figures Figures NNP 21781 2474 10 3 3 CD 21781 2474 11 , , , 21781 2474 12 4b 4b CD 21781 2474 13 , , , 21781 2474 14 5 5 CD 21781 2474 15 , , , 21781 2474 16 and and CC 21781 2474 17 6 6 CD 21781 2474 18 of of IN 21781 2474 19 the the DT 21781 2474 20 fowl fowl NN 21781 2474 21 will will MD 21781 2474 22 do do VB 21781 2474 23 in in IN 21781 2474 24 all all DT 21781 2474 25 respects respect NNS 21781 2474 26 , , , 21781 2474 27 except except IN 21781 2474 28 proportion proportion NN 21781 2474 29 , , , 21781 2474 30 for for IN 21781 2474 31 the the DT 21781 2474 32 development development NN 21781 2474 33 of of IN 21781 2474 34 the the DT 21781 2474 35 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2474 36 . . . 21781 2475 1 The the DT 21781 2475 2 differences difference NNS 21781 2475 3 are be VBP 21781 2475 4 such such JJ 21781 2475 5 as as IN 21781 2475 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2475 7 may may MD 21781 2475 8 account account VB 21781 2475 9 for for IN 21781 2475 10 , , , 21781 2475 11 not not RB 21781 2475 12 on on IN 21781 2475 13 the the DT 21781 2475 14 supposition supposition NN 21781 2475 15 that that IN 21781 2475 16 the the DT 21781 2475 17 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2475 18 's 's POS 21781 2475 19 ovum ovum NN 21781 2475 20 never never RB 21781 2475 21 had have VBD 21781 2475 22 any any DT 21781 2475 23 yolk yolk NN 21781 2475 24 , , , 21781 2475 25 but but CC 21781 2475 26 that that IN 21781 2475 27 an an DT 21781 2475 28 abundant abundant JJ 21781 2475 29 yolk yolk NN 21781 2475 30 has have VBZ 21781 2475 31 been be VBN 21781 2475 32 withdrawn withdraw VBN 21781 2475 33 from from IN 21781 2475 34 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2475 35 . . . 21781 2476 1 The the DT 21781 2476 2 nutrition nutrition NN 21781 2476 3 of of IN 21781 2476 4 the the DT 21781 2476 5 embryo embryo NN 21781 2476 6 by by IN 21781 2476 7 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2476 8 has have VBZ 21781 2476 9 been be VBN 21781 2476 10 superseded supersede VBN 21781 2476 11 by by IN 21781 2476 12 some some DT 21781 2476 13 better well JJR 21781 2476 14 method method NN 21781 2476 15 . . . 21781 2477 1 The the DT 21781 2477 2 supposition supposition NN 21781 2477 3 that that IN 21781 2477 4 the the DT 21781 2477 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2477 6 is be VBZ 21781 2477 7 descended descend VBN 21781 2477 8 from from IN 21781 2477 9 ancestors ancestor NNS 21781 2477 10 which which WDT 21781 2477 11 , , , 21781 2477 12 like like IN 21781 2477 13 the the DT 21781 2477 14 birds bird NNS 21781 2477 15 and and CC 21781 2477 16 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 2477 17 , , , 21781 2477 18 laid lay VBN 21781 2477 19 eggs egg NNS 21781 2477 20 with with IN 21781 2477 21 huge huge JJ 21781 2477 22 quantities quantity NNS 21781 2477 23 of of IN 21781 2477 24 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2477 25 , , , 21781 2477 26 meets meet VBZ 21781 2477 27 every every DT 21781 2477 28 circumstance circumstance NN 21781 2477 29 of of IN 21781 2477 30 the the DT 21781 2477 31 case case NN 21781 2477 32 . . . 21781 2478 1 Section section NN 21781 2478 2 38 38 CD 21781 2478 3 . . . 21781 2479 1 But but CC 21781 2479 2 the the DT 21781 2479 3 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2479 4 and and CC 21781 2479 5 yolk yolk NNP 21781 2479 6 sac sac NN 21781 2479 7 of of IN 21781 2479 8 the the DT 21781 2479 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2479 10 , , , 21781 2479 11 though though IN 21781 2479 12 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2479 13 correspond correspond VBP 21781 2479 14 in in IN 21781 2479 15 development development NN 21781 2479 16 , , , 21781 2479 17 differ differ VBP 21781 2479 18 entirely entirely RB 21781 2479 19 in in IN 21781 2479 20 function function NN 21781 2479 21 from from IN 21781 2479 22 the the DT 21781 2479 23 similar similar JJ 21781 2479 24 organs organ NNS 21781 2479 25 of of IN 21781 2479 26 the the DT 21781 2479 27 fowl fowl NN 21781 2479 28 . . . 21781 2480 1 The the DT 21781 2480 2 yolk yolk NN 21781 2480 3 sac sac NN 21781 2480 4 is be VBZ 21781 2480 5 of of IN 21781 2480 6 the the DT 21781 2480 7 very very RB 21781 2480 8 smallest small JJS 21781 2480 9 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 2480 10 value value NN 21781 2480 11 ; ; : 21781 2480 12 instead instead RB 21781 2480 13 of of IN 21781 2480 14 being be VBG 21781 2480 15 the the DT 21781 2480 16 sole sole JJ 21781 2480 17 source source NN 21781 2480 18 of of IN 21781 2480 19 food food NN 21781 2480 20 , , , 21781 2480 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2480 22 contents content NNS 21781 2480 23 scarcely scarcely RB 21781 2480 24 avail avail VBP 21781 2480 25 the the DT 21781 2480 26 young young JJ 21781 2480 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2480 28 at at RB 21781 2480 29 all all RB 21781 2480 30 as as IN 21781 2480 31 nourishment nourishment NN 21781 2480 32 . . . 21781 2481 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2481 2 presence presence NN 21781 2481 3 in in IN 21781 2481 4 development development NN 21781 2481 5 is be VBZ 21781 2481 6 difficult difficult JJ 21781 2481 7 to to TO 21781 2481 8 account account VB 21781 2481 9 for for IN 21781 2481 10 except except IN 21781 2481 11 on on IN 21781 2481 12 the the DT 21781 2481 13 supposition supposition NN 21781 2481 14 , , , 21781 2481 15 that that IN 21781 2481 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2481 17 was be VBD 21781 2481 18 once once RB 21781 2481 19 of of IN 21781 2481 20 far far RB 21781 2481 21 greater great JJR 21781 2481 22 importance importance NN 21781 2481 23 . . . 21781 2482 1 At at IN 21781 2482 2 an an DT 21781 2482 3 early early JJ 21781 2482 4 stage stage NN 21781 2482 5 , , , 21781 2482 6 the the DT 21781 2482 7 outgrowing outgrow VBG 21781 2482 8 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2482 9 , , , 21781 2482 10 pushing push VBG 21781 2482 11 in in IN 21781 2482 12 front front NN 21781 2482 13 of of IN 21781 2482 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2482 15 the the DT 21781 2482 16 serous serous JJ 21781 2482 17 membrane membrane NN 21781 2482 18 , , , 21781 2482 19 is be VBZ 21781 2482 20 closely closely RB 21781 2482 21 applied apply VBN 21781 2482 22 to to IN 21781 2482 23 the the DT 21781 2482 24 lining lining NN 21781 2482 25 of of IN 21781 2482 26 the the DT 21781 2482 27 mother mother NN 21781 2482 28 's 's POS 21781 2482 29 uterus uterus NN 21781 2482 30 . . . 21781 2483 1 The the DT 21781 2483 2 maternal maternal JJ 21781 2483 3 uterus uterus NN 21781 2483 4 and and CC 21781 2483 5 the the DT 21781 2483 6 embryonic embryonic NNP 21781 2483 7 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2483 8 send send VBP 21781 2483 9 out out RP 21781 2483 10 finger finger NN 21781 2483 11 - - HYPH 21781 2483 12 like like JJ 21781 2483 13 processes process NNS 21781 2483 14 into into IN 21781 2483 15 each each DT 21781 2483 16 other other JJ 21781 2483 17 which which WDT 21781 2483 18 interlock interlock NN 21781 2483 19 , , , 21781 2483 20 and and CC 21781 2483 21 the the DT 21781 2483 22 tissue tissue NN 21781 2483 23 between between IN 21781 2483 24 the the DT 21781 2483 25 abundant abundant JJ 21781 2483 26 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2483 27 in in IN 21781 2483 28 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2483 29 thins thin VBZ 21781 2483 30 down down RP 21781 2483 31 to to IN 21781 2483 32 such such PDT 21781 2483 33 an an DT 21781 2483 34 extent extent NN 21781 2483 35 that that IN 21781 2483 36 nutritive nutritive JJ 21781 2483 37 material material NN 21781 2483 38 , , , 21781 2483 39 peptones peptone NNS 21781 2483 40 and and CC 21781 2483 41 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS 21781 2483 42 , , , 21781 2483 43 and and CC 21781 2483 44 oxygen oxygen NN 21781 2483 45 also also RB 21781 2483 46 , , , 21781 2483 47 diffuse diffuse VB 21781 2483 48 freely freely RB 21781 2483 49 through through IN 21781 2483 50 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2483 51 from from IN 21781 2483 52 mother mother NN 21781 2483 53 to to IN 21781 2483 54 foetus foetus NNP 21781 2483 55 , , , 21781 2483 56 * * NFP 21781 2483 57 and and CC 21781 2483 58 carbon carbon NN 21781 2483 59 dioxide dioxide NN 21781 2483 60 , , , 21781 2483 61 water water NN 21781 2483 62 , , , 21781 2483 63 and and CC 21781 2483 64 urea urea NNP 21781 2483 65 from from IN 21781 2483 66 the the DT 21781 2483 67 foetus foetus NN 21781 2483 68 to to IN 21781 2483 69 the the DT 21781 2483 70 mother mother NN 21781 2483 71 . . . 21781 2484 1 The the DT 21781 2484 2 structure structure NN 21781 2484 3 thus thus RB 21781 2484 4 formed form VBN 21781 2484 5 by by IN 21781 2484 6 the the DT 21781 2484 7 union union NN 21781 2484 8 of of IN 21781 2484 9 the the DT 21781 2484 10 wall wall NN 21781 2484 11 of of IN 21781 2484 12 the the DT 21781 2484 13 maternal maternal JJ 21781 2484 14 uterus uterus NNP 21781 2484 15 , , , 21781 2484 16 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2484 17 , , , 21781 2484 18 and and CC 21781 2484 19 the the DT 21781 2484 20 intermediate intermediate JJ 21781 2484 21 structures structure NNS 21781 2484 22 is be VBZ 21781 2484 23 called call VBN 21781 2484 24 the the DT 21781 2484 25 placenta placenta NN 21781 2484 26 . . . 21781 2485 1 Through through IN 21781 2485 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2485 3 intermediation intermediation NN 21781 2485 4 , , , 21781 2485 5 the the DT 21781 2485 6 young young JJ 21781 2485 7 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2485 8 becomes become VBZ 21781 2485 9 , , , 21781 2485 10 as as IN 21781 2485 11 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2485 12 were be VBD 21781 2485 13 , , , 21781 2485 14 rooted rooted JJ 21781 2485 15 and and CC 21781 2485 16 parasitic parasitic JJ 21781 2485 17 on on IN 21781 2485 18 the the DT 21781 2485 19 mother mother NN 21781 2485 20 , , , 21781 2485 21 and and CC 21781 2485 22 utilizes utilize VBZ 21781 2485 23 her -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2485 24 organs organ NNS 21781 2485 25 for for IN 21781 2485 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2485 27 own own JJ 21781 2485 28 alimentation alimentation NN 21781 2485 29 , , , 21781 2485 30 respiration respiration NN 21781 2485 31 , , , 21781 2485 32 and and CC 21781 2485 33 excretion excretion NN 21781 2485 34 . . . 21781 2486 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2486 2 gives give VBZ 21781 2486 3 off off RP 21781 2486 4 CO2 CO2 NNP 21781 2486 5 , , , 21781 2486 6 H2O h2o NN 21781 2486 7 , , , 21781 2486 8 and and CC 21781 2486 9 urea urea NNP 21781 2486 10 , , , 21781 2486 11 by by IN 21781 2486 12 the the DT 21781 2486 13 placenta placenta NN 21781 2486 14 , , , 21781 2486 15 and and CC 21781 2486 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2486 17 receives receive VBZ 21781 2486 18 O o NN 21781 2486 19 and and CC 21781 2486 20 elaborated elaborate VBD 21781 2486 21 food food NN 21781 2486 22 material material NN 21781 2486 23 through through IN 21781 2486 24 the the DT 21781 2486 25 same same JJ 21781 2486 26 organ organ NN 21781 2486 27 . . . 21781 2487 1 This this DT 21781 2487 2 is be VBZ 21781 2487 3 the the DT 21781 2487 4 better well JJR 21781 2487 5 method method NN 21781 2487 6 that that WDT 21781 2487 7 has have VBZ 21781 2487 8 superseded supersede VBN 21781 2487 9 the the DT 21781 2487 10 yolk yolk NN 21781 2487 11 . . . 21781 2488 1 * * NFP 21781 2488 2 The the DT 21781 2488 3 embryo embryo NN 21781 2488 4 . . . 21781 2489 1 Section section NN 21781 2489 2 39 39 CD 21781 2489 3 . . . 21781 2490 1 In in IN 21781 2490 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2490 3 later later JJ 21781 2490 4 development development NN 21781 2490 5 , , , 21781 2490 6 the the DT 21781 2490 7 general general JJ 21781 2490 8 facts fact NNS 21781 2490 9 already already RB 21781 2490 10 enunciated enunciate VBN 21781 2490 11 with with IN 21781 2490 12 regard regard NN 21781 2490 13 to to IN 21781 2490 14 the the DT 21781 2490 15 organs organ NNS 21781 2490 16 of of IN 21781 2490 17 frog frog NN 21781 2490 18 and and CC 21781 2490 19 fowl fowl NN 21781 2490 20 hold hold NN 21781 2490 21 , , , 21781 2490 22 and and CC 21781 2490 23 where where WRB 21781 2490 24 frog frog NN 21781 2490 25 and and CC 21781 2490 26 fowl fowl NN 21781 2490 27 are be VBP 21781 2490 28 stated state VBN 21781 2490 29 to to TO 21781 2490 30 differ differ VB 21781 2490 31 , , , 21781 2490 32 the the DT 21781 2490 33 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2490 34 follows follow VBZ 21781 2490 35 the the DT 21781 2490 36 fowl fowl NN 21781 2490 37 . . . 21781 2491 1 In in IN 21781 2491 2 the the DT 21781 2491 3 circulation circulation NN 21781 2491 4 the the DT 21781 2491 5 left left JJ 21781 2491 6 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2491 7 vascular vascular JJ 21781 2491 8 arch arch NN 21781 2491 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2491 10 second second NNP 21781 2491 11 branchial branchial NNP 21781 2491 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2491 13 gives give VBZ 21781 2491 14 rise rise NN 21781 2491 15 to to IN 21781 2491 16 the the DT 21781 2491 17 aortic aortic NN 21781 2491 18 arch arch NN 21781 2491 19 ; ; : 21781 2491 20 in in IN 21781 2491 21 the the DT 21781 2491 22 right right NN 21781 2491 23 the the DT 21781 2491 24 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 2491 25 arch arch JJ 21781 2491 26 disappears disappear NNS 21781 2491 27 , , , 21781 2491 28 except except IN 21781 2491 29 so so RB 21781 2491 30 much much JJ 21781 2491 31 of of IN 21781 2491 32 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2491 33 as as RB 21781 2491 34 remains remain VBZ 21781 2491 35 as as IN 21781 2491 36 the the DT 21781 2491 37 innominate innominate JJ 21781 2491 38 artery artery NN 21781 2491 39 . . . 21781 2492 1 The the DT 21781 2492 2 azygos azygos NN 21781 2492 3 vein vein NN 21781 2492 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2492 5 Chapter chapter NN 21781 2492 6 3 3 CD 21781 2492 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2492 8 -is -is -LRB- 21781 2492 9 a a DT 21781 2492 10 vestige vestige NN 21781 2492 11 of- of- NN 21781 2492 12 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2492 13 is be VBZ 21781 2492 14 derived derive VBN 21781 2492 15 from from IN 21781 2492 16 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2492 17 the the DT 21781 2492 18 right right JJ 21781 2492 19 posterior posterior NNP 21781 2492 20 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 2492 21 sinus sinus NNP 21781 2492 22 . . . 21781 2493 1 Both both DT 21781 2493 2 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 2493 3 arteries artery NNS 21781 2493 4 in in IN 21781 2493 5 the the DT 21781 2493 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2493 7 are be VBP 21781 2493 8 derived derive VBN 21781 2493 9 from from IN 21781 2493 10 the the DT 21781 2493 11 left left JJ 21781 2493 12 sixth sixth JJ 21781 2493 13 vascular vascular JJ 21781 2493 14 arch arch NN 21781 2493 15 (= (= NNP 21781 2493 16 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2493 17 branchial branchial NN 21781 2493 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2493 19 . . . 21781 2494 1 Compare Compare NNP 21781 2494 2 Section Section NNP 21781 2494 3 32 32 CD 21781 2494 4 . . . 21781 2495 1 The the DT 21781 2495 2 allantois allantois NN 21781 2495 3 altogether altogether RB 21781 2495 4 disappears disappear VBZ 21781 2495 5 in in IN 21781 2495 6 the the DT 21781 2495 7 adult adult NN 21781 2495 8 fowl fowl NN 21781 2495 9 ; ; : 21781 2495 10 in in IN 21781 2495 11 the the DT 21781 2495 12 adult adult NN 21781 2495 13 mammal mammal JJ 21781 2495 14 a a DT 21781 2495 15 portion portion NN 21781 2495 16 of of IN 21781 2495 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2495 18 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2495 19 stalk stalk NN 21781 2495 20 remains remain VBZ 21781 2495 21 as as IN 21781 2495 22 the the DT 21781 2495 23 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2495 24 bladder bladder NN 21781 2495 25 , , , 21781 2495 26 and and CC 21781 2495 27 the the DT 21781 2495 28 point point NN 21781 2495 29 where where WRB 21781 2495 30 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2495 31 left leave VBD 21781 2495 32 the the DT 21781 2495 33 body body NN 21781 2495 34 is be VBZ 21781 2495 35 marked mark VBN 21781 2495 36 by by IN 21781 2495 37 the the DT 21781 2495 38 umbilicus umbilicus NNP 21781 2495 39 or or CC 21781 2495 40 navel navel JJ 21781 2495 41 . . . 21781 2496 1 The the DT 21781 2496 2 umbilical umbilical JJ 21781 2496 3 arteries artery NNS 21781 2496 4 become become VBP 21781 2496 5 the the DT 21781 2496 6 small small JJ 21781 2496 7 hypogastric hypogastric JJ 21781 2496 8 arteries artery NNS 21781 2496 9 on on IN 21781 2496 10 either either DT 21781 2496 11 side side NN 21781 2496 12 of of IN 21781 2496 13 the the DT 21781 2496 14 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2496 15 bladder bladder NN 21781 2496 16 . . . 21781 2497 1 There there EX 21781 2497 2 is be VBZ 21781 2497 3 no no DT 21781 2497 4 trace trace NN 21781 2497 5 of of IN 21781 2497 6 a a DT 21781 2497 7 pronephros pronephro NNS 21781 2497 8 at at RB 21781 2497 9 all all RB 21781 2497 10 in in IN 21781 2497 11 the the DT 21781 2497 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2497 13 . . . 21781 2498 1 Section section NN 21781 2498 2 40 40 CD 21781 2498 3 . . . 21781 2499 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2499 2 may may MD 21781 2499 3 note note VB 21781 2499 4 here here RB 21781 2499 5 the the DT 21781 2499 6 development development NN 21781 2499 7 of of IN 21781 2499 8 the the DT 21781 2499 9 eye eye NN 21781 2499 10 . . . 21781 2500 1 This this DT 21781 2500 2 is be VBZ 21781 2500 3 shown show VBN 21781 2500 4 in in IN 21781 2500 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2500 6 4 4 CD 21781 2500 7 , , , 21781 2500 8 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2500 9 24 24 CD 21781 2500 10 . . . 21781 2501 1 A a DT 21781 2501 2 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2501 3 cup cup NN 21781 2501 4 - - HYPH 21781 2501 5 shaped shape VBN 21781 2501 6 vesicle vesicle NN 21781 2501 7 from from IN 21781 2501 8 the the DT 21781 2501 9 brain brain NN 21781 2501 10 grows grow VBZ 21781 2501 11 out out RP 21781 2501 12 towards towards IN 21781 2501 13 an an DT 21781 2501 14 at at IN 21781 2501 15 first first JJ 21781 2501 16 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2501 17 cellular cellular JJ 21781 2501 18 ingrowth ingrowth NN 21781 2501 19 from from IN 21781 2501 20 the the DT 21781 2501 21 epidermis epidermis NN 21781 2501 22 . . . 21781 2502 1 The the DT 21781 2502 2 cavity cavity NN 21781 2502 3 within within IN 21781 2502 4 the the DT 21781 2502 5 wall wall NN 21781 2502 6 of of IN 21781 2502 7 the the DT 21781 2502 8 cup cup NN 21781 2502 9 derived derive VBN 21781 2502 10 from from IN 21781 2502 11 the the DT 21781 2502 12 brain brain NN 21781 2502 13 is be VBZ 21781 2502 14 obliterated obliterate VBN 21781 2502 15 , , , 21781 2502 16 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2502 17 and and CC 21781 2502 18 the the DT 21781 2502 19 stalk stalk NN 21781 2502 20 withers wither NNS 21781 2502 21 , , , 21781 2502 22 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2502 23 the the DT 21781 2502 24 cup cup NN 21781 2502 25 becomes become VBZ 21781 2502 26 the the DT 21781 2502 27 retina retina NNP 21781 2502 28 , , , 21781 2502 29 and and CC 21781 2502 30 -its -its : 21781 2502 31 stalk- stalk- NNP 21781 2502 32 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2502 33 thence thence NN 21781 2502 34 fibres fibre NNS 21781 2502 35 grow grow VBP 21781 2502 36 back back RB 21781 2502 37 to to IN 21781 2502 38 the the DT 21781 2502 39 brain brain NN 21781 2502 40 to to TO 21781 2502 41 form form VB 21781 2502 42 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2502 43 the the DT 21781 2502 44 optic optic JJ 21781 2502 45 nerve nerve NN 21781 2502 46 . . . 21781 2503 1 The the DT 21781 2503 2 cellular cellular JJ 21781 2503 3 ingrowth ingrowth NN 21781 2503 4 is be VBZ 21781 2503 5 the the DT 21781 2503 6 lens lens NN 21781 2503 7 . . . 21781 2504 1 The the DT 21781 2504 2 remainder remainder NN 21781 2504 3 of of IN 21781 2504 4 the the DT 21781 2504 5 eye eye NN 21781 2504 6 - - HYPH 21781 2504 7 structures structure NNS 21781 2504 8 are be VBP 21781 2504 9 of of IN 21781 2504 10 mesoblastic mesoblastic JJ 21781 2504 11 origin origin NN 21781 2504 12 , , , 21781 2504 13 except except IN 21781 2504 14 the the DT 21781 2504 15 superficial superficial JJ 21781 2504 16 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 2504 17 of of IN 21781 2504 18 the the DT 21781 2504 19 cornea cornea NN 21781 2504 20 . . . 21781 2505 1 The the DT 21781 2505 2 retinal retinal JJ 21781 2505 3 cup cup NN 21781 2505 4 is be VBZ 21781 2505 5 not not RB 21781 2505 6 complete complete JJ 21781 2505 7 at at IN 21781 2505 8 first first RB 21781 2505 9 along along IN 21781 2505 10 the the DT 21781 2505 11 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2505 12 line line NN 21781 2505 13 , , , 21781 2505 14 so so IN 21781 2505 15 that that IN 21781 2505 16 the the DT 21781 2505 17 rim rim NN 21781 2505 18 of of IN 21781 2505 19 the the DT 21781 2505 20 cup cup NN 21781 2505 21 , , , 21781 2505 22 viewed view VBD 21781 2505 23 as as IN 21781 2505 24 in in IN 21781 2505 25 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2505 26 1 1 CD 21781 2505 27 , , , 21781 2505 28 r. r. NNP 21781 2505 29 , , , 21781 2505 30 is be VBZ 21781 2505 31 horseshoe horseshoe NNP 21781 2505 32 shaped shape VBN 21781 2505 33 . . . 21781 2506 1 -Hence -hence VB 21781 2506 2 the the DT 21781 2506 3 optic optic JJ 21781 2506 4 nerve nerve NN 21781 2506 5 differs differ NNS 21781 2506 6 from from IN 21781 2506 7 other other JJ 21781 2506 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2506 9 in in IN 21781 2506 10 being be VBG 21781 2506 11 primitively primitively RB 21781 2506 12 hollow.- hollow.- NNP 21781 2506 13 In in IN 21781 2506 14 all all DT 21781 2506 15 other other JJ 21781 2506 16 sense sense NN 21781 2506 17 organs organ NNS 21781 2506 18 , , , 21781 2506 19 as as IN 21781 2506 20 , , , 21781 2506 21 for for IN 21781 2506 22 instance instance NN 21781 2506 23 , , , 21781 2506 24 the the DT 21781 2506 25 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 2506 26 sacs sacs NN 21781 2506 27 and and CC 21781 2506 28 the the DT 21781 2506 29 ears ear NNS 21781 2506 30 , , , 21781 2506 31 the the DT 21781 2506 32 percipient percipient NN 21781 2506 33 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 2506 34 is be VBZ 21781 2506 35 derived derive VBN 21781 2506 36 , , , 21781 2506 37 from from IN 21781 2506 38 the the DT 21781 2506 39 epiblast epiblast NN 21781 2506 40 directly directly RB 21781 2506 41 , , , 21781 2506 42 and and CC 21781 2506 43 not not RB 21781 2506 44 indirectly indirectly RB 21781 2506 45 through through IN 21781 2506 46 the the DT 21781 2506 47 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2506 48 system system NN 21781 2506 49 . . . 21781 2507 1 These these DT 21781 2507 2 remarks remark NNS 21781 2507 3 apply apply VBP 21781 2507 4 to to IN 21781 2507 5 all all DT 21781 2507 6 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2507 7 types type NNS 21781 2507 8 . . . 21781 2508 1 Section section NN 21781 2508 2 41 41 CD 21781 2508 3 . . . 21781 2509 1 The the DT 21781 2509 2 supposition supposition NN 21781 2509 3 , , , 21781 2509 4 that that IN 21781 2509 5 the the DT 21781 2509 6 general general JJ 21781 2509 7 characters character NNS 21781 2509 8 of of IN 21781 2509 9 the the DT 21781 2509 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2509 11 's 's POS 21781 2509 12 ovum ovum NNS 21781 2509 13 were be VBD 21781 2509 14 stamped stamp VBN 21781 2509 15 upon upon IN 21781 2509 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2509 17 as as IN 21781 2509 18 an an DT 21781 2509 19 heritage heritage NN 21781 2509 20 from from IN 21781 2509 21 a a DT 21781 2509 22 period period NN 21781 2509 23 when when WRB 21781 2509 24 the the DT 21781 2509 25 ancestors ancestor NNS 21781 2509 26 of of IN 21781 2509 27 the the DT 21781 2509 28 mammals mammal NNS 21781 2509 29 were be VBD 21781 2509 30 egg egg NN 21781 2509 31 - - HYPH 21781 2509 32 laying lay VBG 21781 2509 33 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 2509 34 , , , 21781 2509 35 is be VBZ 21781 2509 36 strengthened strengthen VBN 21781 2509 37 by by IN 21781 2509 38 the the DT 21781 2509 39 fact fact NN 21781 2509 40 that that IN 21781 2509 41 the the DT 21781 2509 42 two two CD 21781 2509 43 lowest low JJS 21781 2509 44 and and CC 21781 2509 45 most most RBS 21781 2509 46 reptile reptile NN 21781 2509 47 - - HYPH 21781 2509 48 like like JJ 21781 2509 49 of of IN 21781 2509 50 all all PDT 21781 2509 51 the the DT 21781 2509 52 mammalia mammalia NN 21781 2509 53 , , , 21781 2509 54 the the DT 21781 2509 55 duck duck NN 21781 2509 56 - - HYPH 21781 2509 57 billed bill VBN 21781 2509 58 platypus platypus NN 21781 2509 59 and and CC 21781 2509 60 the the DT 21781 2509 61 echidna echidna NN 21781 2509 62 , , , 21781 2509 63 have have VBP 21781 2509 64 been be VBN 21781 2509 65 shown show VBN 21781 2509 66 to to TO 21781 2509 67 depart depart VB 21781 2509 68 from from IN 21781 2509 69 the the DT 21781 2509 70 distinctive distinctive JJ 21781 2509 71 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 2509 72 character character NN 21781 2509 73 , , , 21781 2509 74 and and CC 21781 2509 75 to to TO 21781 2509 76 lay lay VB 21781 2509 77 eggs egg NNS 21781 2509 78 . . . 21781 2510 1 And and CC 21781 2510 2 , , , 21781 2510 3 in in IN 21781 2510 4 further further JJ 21781 2510 5 confirmation confirmation NN 21781 2510 6 of of IN 21781 2510 7 this this DT 21781 2510 8 supposition supposition NN 21781 2510 9 , , , 21781 2510 10 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2510 11 find find VBP 21781 2510 12 , , , 21781 2510 13 in in IN 21781 2510 14 tracing trace VBG 21781 2510 15 the the DT 21781 2510 16 mammals mammal NNS 21781 2510 17 and and CC 21781 2510 18 reptiles reptile VBZ 21781 2510 19 back back RB 21781 2510 20 through through IN 21781 2510 21 the the DT 21781 2510 22 geological geological JJ 21781 2510 23 record record NN 21781 2510 24 , , , 21781 2510 25 that that IN 21781 2510 26 in in IN 21781 2510 27 the the DT 21781 2510 28 Permian permian JJ 21781 2510 29 and and CC 21781 2510 30 Triassic Triassic NNP 21781 2510 31 rocks rock NNS 21781 2510 32 there there RB 21781 2510 33 occur occur VBP 21781 2510 34 central central JJ 21781 2510 35 forms form NNS 21781 2510 36 which which WDT 21781 2510 37 combine combine VBP 21781 2510 38 , , , 21781 2510 39 in in IN 21781 2510 40 a a DT 21781 2510 41 most most RBS 21781 2510 42 remarkable remarkable JJ 21781 2510 43 way way NN 21781 2510 44 , , , 21781 2510 45 reptilian reptilian JJ 21781 2510 46 and and CC 21781 2510 47 mammalian mammalian JJ 21781 2510 48 characteristics characteristic NNS 21781 2510 49 . . . 21781 2511 1 Section section NN 21781 2511 2 42 42 CD 21781 2511 3 . . . 21781 2512 1 In in IN 21781 2512 2 conclusion conclusion NN 21781 2512 3 , , , 21781 2512 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2512 5 would would MD 21781 2512 6 earnestly earnestly RB 21781 2512 7 recommend recommend VB 21781 2512 8 the the DT 21781 2512 9 student student NN 21781 2512 10 to to TO 21781 2512 11 see see VB 21781 2512 12 more more JJR 21781 2512 13 of of IN 21781 2512 14 embryological embryological JJ 21781 2512 15 fact fact NN 21781 2512 16 than than IN 21781 2512 17 what what WP 21781 2512 18 is be VBZ 21781 2512 19 given give VBN 21781 2512 20 him -PRON- PRP 21781 2512 21 here here RB 21781 2512 22 . . . 21781 2513 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2513 2 is be VBZ 21781 2513 3 seeing see VBG 21781 2513 4 and and CC 21781 2513 5 thinking think VBG 21781 2513 6 , , , 21781 2513 7 much much RB 21781 2513 8 more more JJR 21781 2513 9 than than IN 21781 2513 10 reading reading NN 21781 2513 11 , , , 21781 2513 12 which which WDT 21781 2513 13 will will MD 21781 2513 14 enable enable VB 21781 2513 15 him -PRON- PRP 21781 2513 16 to to TO 21781 2513 17 clothe clothe VB 21781 2513 18 the the DT 21781 2513 19 bare bare JJ 21781 2513 20 terms term NNS 21781 2513 21 and and CC 21781 2513 22 phrases phrase NNS 21781 2513 23 of of IN 21781 2513 24 embryology embryology NN 21781 2513 25 with with IN 21781 2513 26 coherent coherent JJ 21781 2513 27 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 2513 28 . . . 21781 2514 1 In in IN 21781 2514 2 Howes Howes NNP 21781 2514 3 ' ' '' 21781 2514 4 Atlas Atlas NNP 21781 2514 5 of of IN 21781 2514 6 Biology Biology NNP 21781 2514 7 there there EX 21781 2514 8 is be VBZ 21781 2514 9 a a DT 21781 2514 10 much much RB 21781 2514 11 fuller full JJR 21781 2514 12 series series NN 21781 2514 13 of of IN 21781 2514 14 figures figure NNS 21781 2514 15 of of IN 21781 2514 16 the the DT 21781 2514 17 frog frog NN 21781 2514 18 's 's POS 21781 2514 19 development development NN 21781 2514 20 than than IN 21781 2514 21 can can MD 21781 2514 22 be be VB 21781 2514 23 given give VBN 21781 2514 24 here here RB 21781 2514 25 , , , 21781 2514 26 and and CC 21781 2514 27 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2514 28 are be VBP 21781 2514 29 drawn draw VBN 21781 2514 30 by by IN 21781 2514 31 an an DT 21781 2514 32 abler abler NN 21781 2514 33 hand hand NN 21781 2514 34 than than IN 21781 2514 35 mine -PRON- PRP 21781 2514 36 can can MD 21781 2514 37 pretend pretend VB 21781 2514 38 to to TO 21781 2514 39 be be VB 21781 2514 40 . . . 21781 2515 1 There there EX 21781 2515 2 is be VBZ 21781 2515 3 also also RB 21781 2515 4 an an DT 21781 2515 5 Atlas Atlas NNP 21781 2515 6 d'Embryologie d'Embryologie NNP 21781 2515 7 , , , 21781 2515 8 by by IN 21781 2515 9 Mathias Mathias NNP 21781 2515 10 Duval Duval NNP 21781 2515 11 , , , 21781 2515 12 that that WDT 21781 2515 13 makes make VBZ 21781 2515 14 the the DT 21781 2515 15 study study NN 21781 2515 16 of of IN 21781 2515 17 the the DT 21781 2515 18 fowl fowl NN 21781 2515 19 's 's POS 21781 2515 20 development development NN 21781 2515 21 entertaining entertaining NN 21781 2515 22 and and CC 21781 2515 23 altogether altogether RB 21781 2515 24 delightful delightful JJ 21781 2515 25 . . . 21781 2516 1 Such such JJ 21781 2516 2 complete complete JJ 21781 2516 3 series series NN 21781 2516 4 as as IN 21781 2516 5 these these DT 21781 2516 6 are be VBP 21781 2516 7 , , , 21781 2516 8 from from IN 21781 2516 9 the the DT 21781 2516 10 nature nature NN 21781 2516 11 of of IN 21781 2516 12 the the DT 21781 2516 13 case case NN 21781 2516 14 , , , 21781 2516 15 impossible impossible JJ 21781 2516 16 with with IN 21781 2516 17 the the DT 21781 2516 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2516 19 . . . 21781 2517 1 Many many JJ 21781 2517 2 students student NNS 21781 2517 3 who who WP 21781 2517 4 take take VBP 21781 2517 5 up up RP 21781 2517 6 the the DT 21781 2517 7 subject subject NN 21781 2517 8 of of IN 21781 2517 9 biology biology NN 21781 2517 10 do do VBP 21781 2517 11 so so RB 21781 2517 12 only only RB 21781 2517 13 as as IN 21781 2517 14 an an DT 21781 2517 15 accessory accessory NN 21781 2517 16 to to IN 21781 2517 17 more more RBR 21781 2517 18 extended extended JJ 21781 2517 19 work work NN 21781 2517 20 in in IN 21781 2517 21 other other JJ 21781 2517 22 departments department NNS 21781 2517 23 of of IN 21781 2517 24 science science NN 21781 2517 25 . . . 21781 2518 1 To to IN 21781 2518 2 such such JJ 21781 2518 3 , , , 21781 2518 4 practical practical JJ 21781 2518 5 work work NN 21781 2518 6 in in IN 21781 2518 7 embryology embryology NN 21781 2518 8 is be VBZ 21781 2518 9 either either CC 21781 2518 10 altogether altogether RB 21781 2518 11 impossible impossible JJ 21781 2518 12 , , , 21781 2518 13 or or CC 21781 2518 14 only only RB 21781 2518 15 possibly possibly RB 21781 2518 16 to to IN 21781 2518 17 a a DT 21781 2518 18 very very RB 21781 2518 19 limited limited JJ 21781 2518 20 extent extent NN 21781 2518 21 . . . 21781 2519 1 The the DT 21781 2519 2 time time NN 21781 2519 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2519 4 will will MD 21781 2519 5 consume consume VB 21781 2519 6 is be VBZ 21781 2519 7 much much RB 21781 2519 8 greater great JJR 21781 2519 9 , , , 21781 2519 10 and and CC 21781 2519 11 the the DT 21781 2519 12 intellectual intellectual JJ 21781 2519 13 result result NN 21781 2519 14 is be VBZ 21781 2519 15 likely likely JJ 21781 2519 16 to to TO 21781 2519 17 be be VB 21781 2519 18 far far RB 21781 2519 19 less less JJR 21781 2519 20 than than IN 21781 2519 21 the the DT 21781 2519 22 study study NN 21781 2519 23 of of IN 21781 2519 24 such such JJ 21781 2519 25 plates plate NNS 21781 2519 26 as as IN 21781 2519 27 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2519 28 have have VBP 21781 2519 29 named name VBN 21781 2519 30 . . . 21781 2520 1 _ _ NNP 21781 2520 2 The the DT 21781 2520 3 Theory Theory NNP 21781 2520 4 of of IN 21781 2520 5 Evolution Evolution NNP 21781 2520 6 _ _ NNP 21781 2520 7 Section Section NNP 21781 2520 8 43 43 CD 21781 2520 9 . . . 21781 2521 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2521 2 have have VBP 21781 2521 3 now now RB 21781 2521 4 considered consider VBN 21781 2521 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2521 6 types type NNS 21781 2521 7 , , , 21781 2521 8 both both CC 21781 2521 9 from from IN 21781 2521 10 the the DT 21781 2521 11 standpoint standpoint NN 21781 2521 12 of of IN 21781 2521 13 adult adult NN 21781 2521 14 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 2521 15 and and CC 21781 2521 16 from from IN 21781 2521 17 embryological embryological JJ 21781 2521 18 data datum NNS 21781 2521 19 ; ; : 21781 2521 20 and and CC 21781 2521 21 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2521 22 have have VBP 21781 2521 23 seen see VBN 21781 2521 24 through through IN 21781 2521 25 the the DT 21781 2521 26 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 2521 27 series series NN 21781 2521 28 a a DT 21781 2521 29 common common JJ 21781 2521 30 structure structure NN 21781 2521 31 underlying underlie VBG 21781 2521 32 wide wide JJ 21781 2521 33 diversity diversity NN 21781 2521 34 in in IN 21781 2521 35 external external JJ 21781 2521 36 appearance appearance NN 21781 2521 37 and and CC 21781 2521 38 detailed detailed JJ 21781 2521 39 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 2521 40 . . . 21781 2522 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2522 2 have have VBP 21781 2522 3 seen see VBN 21781 2522 4 a a DT 21781 2522 5 certain certain JJ 21781 2522 6 intermediateness intermediateness NN 21781 2522 7 of of IN 21781 2522 8 structure structure NN 21781 2522 9 in in IN 21781 2522 10 the the DT 21781 2522 11 frog frog NN 21781 2522 12 , , , 21781 2522 13 as as IN 21781 2522 14 compared compare VBN 21781 2522 15 with with IN 21781 2522 16 the the DT 21781 2522 17 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2522 18 and and CC 21781 2522 19 dog dog NN 21781 2522 20 - - HYPH 21781 2522 21 fish fish NN 21781 2522 22 , , , 21781 2522 23 notably notably RB 21781 2522 24 in in IN 21781 2522 25 the the DT 21781 2522 26 skull skull NN 21781 2522 27 and and CC 21781 2522 28 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 2522 29 , , , 21781 2522 30 in in IN 21781 2522 31 the the DT 21781 2522 32 circulation circulation NN 21781 2522 33 , , , 21781 2522 34 in in IN 21781 2522 35 the the DT 21781 2522 36 ear ear NN 21781 2522 37 , , , 21781 2522 38 and and CC 21781 2522 39 in in IN 21781 2522 40 the the DT 21781 2522 41 reduced reduced JJ 21781 2522 42 myomeres myomere NNS 21781 2522 43 ; ; : 21781 2522 44 and and CC 21781 2522 45 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2522 46 have have VBP 21781 2522 47 seen see VBN 21781 2522 48 that that IN 21781 2522 49 the the DT 21781 2522 50 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2522 51 passes pass VBZ 21781 2522 52 in in IN 21781 2522 53 these these DT 21781 2522 54 respects respect NNS 21781 2522 55 , , , 21781 2522 56 and and CC 21781 2522 57 in in IN 21781 2522 58 others other NNS 21781 2522 59 , , , 21781 2522 60 through through IN 21781 2522 61 dog dog NN 21781 2522 62 - - HYPH 21781 2522 63 fish- fish- NN 21781 2522 64 and and CC 21781 2522 65 frog frog NN 21781 2522 66 - - HYPH 21781 2522 67 like like JJ 21781 2522 68 stages stage NNS 21781 2522 69 in in IN 21781 2522 70 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2522 71 development development NN 21781 2522 72 , , , 21781 2522 73 and and CC 21781 2522 74 this this DT 21781 2522 75 alone alone RB 21781 2522 76 would would MD 21781 2522 77 be be VB 21781 2522 78 quite quite RB 21781 2522 79 sufficient sufficient JJ 21781 2522 80 to to TO 21781 2522 81 suggest suggest VB 21781 2522 82 that that IN 21781 2522 83 the the DT 21781 2522 84 similarities similarity NNS 21781 2522 85 of of IN 21781 2522 86 structure structure NN 21781 2522 87 are be VBP 21781 2522 88 due due JJ 21781 2522 89 to to IN 21781 2522 90 other other JJ 21781 2522 91 causes cause NNS 21781 2522 92 than than IN 21781 2522 93 a a DT 21781 2522 94 primordial primordial JJ 21781 2522 95 adaptation adaptation NN 21781 2522 96 to to IN 21781 2522 97 certain certain JJ 21781 2522 98 conditions condition NNS 21781 2522 99 of of IN 21781 2522 100 life life NN 21781 2522 101 . . . 21781 2523 1 Section section NN 21781 2523 2 44 44 CD 21781 2523 3 . . . 21781 2524 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2524 2 has have VBZ 21781 2524 3 been be VBN 21781 2524 4 suggested suggest VBN 21781 2524 5 by by IN 21781 2524 6 very very RB 21781 2524 7 excellent excellent JJ 21781 2524 8 people people NNS 21781 2524 9 that that IN 21781 2524 10 these these DT 21781 2524 11 resemblances resemblance NNS 21781 2524 12 are be VBP 21781 2524 13 due due JJ 21781 2524 14 to to IN 21781 2524 15 some some DT 21781 2524 16 unexplained unexplained JJ 21781 2524 17 necessity necessity NN 21781 2524 18 of of IN 21781 2524 19 adherence adherence NN 21781 2524 20 to to IN 21781 2524 21 type type NN 21781 2524 22 , , , 21781 2524 23 as as IN 21781 2524 24 though though RB 21781 2524 25 , , , 21781 2524 26 the the DT 21781 2524 27 power power NN 21781 2524 28 that that WDT 21781 2524 29 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2524 30 assume assume VBP 21781 2524 31 created create VBD 21781 2524 32 these these DT 21781 2524 33 animals animal NNS 21781 2524 34 originally originally RB 21781 2524 35 , , , 21781 2524 36 as as IN 21781 2524 37 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2524 38 are be VBP 21781 2524 39 now now RB 21781 2524 40 , , , 21781 2524 41 coupled couple VBN 21781 2524 42 creative creative JJ 21781 2524 43 ability ability NN 21781 2524 44 with with IN 21781 2524 45 a a DT 21781 2524 46 plentiful plentiful JJ 21781 2524 47 lack lack NN 21781 2524 48 of of IN 21781 2524 49 ideas idea NNS 21781 2524 50 , , , 21781 2524 51 and and CC 21781 2524 52 so so RB 21781 2524 53 perforce perforce NN 21781 2524 54 repeated repeat VBD 21781 2524 55 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 2524 56 with with IN 21781 2524 57 impotent impotent JJ 21781 2524 58 variations variation NNS 21781 2524 59 . . . 21781 2525 1 On on IN 21781 2525 2 the the DT 21781 2525 3 other other JJ 21781 2525 4 hand hand NN 21781 2525 5 , , , 21781 2525 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2525 7 have have VBP 21781 2525 8 the the DT 21781 2525 9 supposition supposition NN 21781 2525 10 that that IN 21781 2525 11 these these DT 21781 2525 12 are be VBP 21781 2525 13 " " `` 21781 2525 14 family family NN 21781 2525 15 likenesses likeness NNS 21781 2525 16 , , , 21781 2525 17 " " '' 21781 2525 18 and and CC 21781 2525 19 the the DT 21781 2525 20 marks mark NNS 21781 2525 21 of of IN 21781 2525 22 a a DT 21781 2525 23 common common JJ 21781 2525 24 ancestry ancestry NN 21781 2525 25 . . . 21781 2526 1 This this DT 21781 2526 2 is be VBZ 21781 2526 3 the the DT 21781 2526 4 opinion opinion NN 21781 2526 5 now now RB 21781 2526 6 accepted accept VBN 21781 2526 7 by by IN 21781 2526 8 all all DT 21781 2526 9 zoologists zoologist NNS 21781 2526 10 of of IN 21781 2526 11 repute repute NN 21781 2526 12 . . . 21781 2527 1 Section section NN 21781 2527 2 45 45 CD 21781 2527 3 . . . 21781 2528 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2528 2 must must MD 21781 2528 3 not not RB 21781 2528 4 be be VB 21781 2528 5 for for IN 21781 2528 6 a a DT 21781 2528 7 moment moment NN 21781 2528 8 imagined imagine VBD 21781 2528 9 that that IN 21781 2528 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2528 11 is be VBZ 21781 2528 12 implied imply VBN 21781 2528 13 that that IN 21781 2528 14 rabbits rabbit NNS 21781 2528 15 are be VBP 21781 2528 16 descended descend VBN 21781 2528 17 from from IN 21781 2528 18 frogs frog NNS 21781 2528 19 , , , 21781 2528 20 or or CC 21781 2528 21 frogs frog NNS 21781 2528 22 from from IN 21781 2528 23 dog dog NN 21781 2528 24 - - HYPH 21781 2528 25 fish fish NN 21781 2528 26 , , , 21781 2528 27 but but CC 21781 2528 28 that that IN 21781 2528 29 these these DT 21781 2528 30 three three CD 21781 2528 31 forms form NNS 21781 2528 32 are be VBP 21781 2528 33 remote remote JJ 21781 2528 34 cousins cousin NNS 21781 2528 35 , , , 21781 2528 36 derived derive VBN 21781 2528 37 from from IN 21781 2528 38 some some DT 21781 2528 39 ancient ancient JJ 21781 2528 40 and and CC 21781 2528 41 far far RB 21781 2528 42 simpler simple JJR 21781 2528 43 progenitor progenitor NN 21781 2528 44 . . . 21781 2529 1 But but CC 21781 2529 2 since since IN 21781 2529 3 both both DT 21781 2529 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2529 5 and and CC 21781 2529 6 frog frog NN 21781 2529 7 pass pass VB 21781 2529 8 through through IN 21781 2529 9 phases phase NNS 21781 2529 10 like like IN 21781 2529 11 the the DT 21781 2529 12 adult adult NN 21781 2529 13 condition condition NN 21781 2529 14 of of IN 21781 2529 15 the the DT 21781 2529 16 dog dog NN 21781 2529 17 - - HYPH 21781 2529 18 fish fish NN 21781 2529 19 , , , 21781 2529 20 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2529 21 seems seem VBZ 21781 2529 22 probable probable JJ 21781 2529 23 that that IN 21781 2529 24 the the DT 21781 2529 25 dog dog NN 21781 2529 26 - - HYPH 21781 2529 27 fish fish NN 21781 2529 28 has have VBZ 21781 2529 29 remained remain VBN 21781 2529 30 more more RBR 21781 2529 31 like like IN 21781 2529 32 the the DT 21781 2529 33 primordial primordial JJ 21781 2529 34 form form NN 21781 2529 35 than than IN 21781 2529 36 these these DT 21781 2529 37 two two CD 21781 2529 38 , , , 21781 2529 39 and and CC 21781 2529 40 similarly similarly RB 21781 2529 41 , , , 21781 2529 42 the the DT 21781 2529 43 frog frog NN 21781 2529 44 than than IN 21781 2529 45 the the DT 21781 2529 46 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2529 47 . . . 21781 2530 1 Section section NN 21781 2530 2 46 46 CD 21781 2530 3 . . . 21781 2531 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2531 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2531 3 may may MD 21781 2531 4 infer infer VB 21781 2531 5 that that IN 21781 2531 6 the the DT 21781 2531 7 mammals mammal NNS 21781 2531 8 were be VBD 21781 2531 9 the the DT 21781 2531 10 last last JJ 21781 2531 11 of of IN 21781 2531 12 the the DT 21781 2531 13 three three CD 21781 2531 14 groups group NNS 21781 2531 15 , , , 21781 2531 16 of of IN 21781 2531 17 which which WDT 21781 2531 18 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2531 19 have have VBP 21781 2531 20 taken take VBN 21781 2531 21 types type NNS 21781 2531 22 , , , 21781 2531 23 to to TO 21781 2531 24 appear appear VB 21781 2531 25 upon upon IN 21781 2531 26 the the DT 21781 2531 27 earth earth NN 21781 2531 28 , , , 21781 2531 29 and and CC 21781 2531 30 that that IN 21781 2531 31 the the DT 21781 2531 32 fishes fish NNS 21781 2531 33 preceded precede VBN 21781 2531 34 , , , 21781 2531 35 the the DT 21781 2531 36 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 2531 37 . . . 21781 2532 1 Workers worker NNS 21781 2532 2 in in IN 21781 2532 3 an an DT 21781 2532 4 entirely entirely RB 21781 2532 5 independent independent JJ 21781 2532 6 province province NN 21781 2532 7 , , , 21781 2532 8 that that DT 21781 2532 9 of of IN 21781 2532 10 palaeontology palaeontology NN 21781 2532 11 , , , 21781 2532 12 completely completely RB 21781 2532 13 endorse endorse VB 21781 2532 14 this this DT 21781 2532 15 supposition supposition NN 21781 2532 16 . . . 21781 2533 1 The the DT 21781 2533 2 first first JJ 21781 2533 3 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 21781 2533 4 to to TO 21781 2533 5 appear appear VB 21781 2533 6 in in IN 21781 2533 7 the the DT 21781 2533 8 fossil fossil JJ 21781 2533 9 history history NN 21781 2533 10 of of IN 21781 2533 11 the the DT 21781 2533 12 world world NN 21781 2533 13 are be VBP 21781 2533 14 fishes fish NNS 21781 2533 15 ; ; : 21781 2533 16 fish fish NN 21781 2533 17 spines spine NNS 21781 2533 18 and and CC 21781 2533 19 placoid placoid NNP 21781 2533 20 scales scale NNS 21781 2533 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2533 22 compare compare VB 21781 2533 23 dog dog NN 21781 2533 24 - - HYPH 21781 2533 25 fish fish NN 21781 2533 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2533 27 appear appear VBP 21781 2533 28 in in IN 21781 2533 29 the the DT 21781 2533 30 Ordovician ordovician JJ 21781 2533 31 rocks rock NNS 21781 2533 32 . . . 21781 2534 1 In in IN 21781 2534 2 the the DT 21781 2534 3 coal coal NN 21781 2534 4 measures measure NNS 21781 2534 5 come come VBP 21781 2534 6 the the DT 21781 2534 7 amphibia amphibia NN 21781 2534 8 ; ; : 21781 2534 9 and and CC 21781 2534 10 in in IN 21781 2534 11 the the DT 21781 2534 12 Permo Permo NNP 21781 2534 13 - - HYPH 21781 2534 14 triassic triassic NN 21781 2534 15 strata strata NN 21781 2534 16 , , , 21781 2534 17 reptile reptile NN 21781 2534 18 - - HYPH 21781 2534 19 like like JJ 21781 2534 20 mammals mammal NNS 21781 2534 21 . . . 21781 2535 1 In in IN 21781 2535 2 the the DT 21781 2535 3 Devonian Devonian NNP 21781 2535 4 rocks rock NNS 21781 2535 5 , , , 21781 2535 6 which which WDT 21781 2535 7 come come VBP 21781 2535 8 between between IN 21781 2535 9 the the DT 21781 2535 10 Silurian silurian JJ 21781 2535 11 and and CC 21781 2535 12 the the DT 21781 2535 13 coal coal NN 21781 2535 14 measures measure NNS 21781 2535 15 , , , 21781 2535 16 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2535 17 find find VBP 21781 2535 18 very very RB 21781 2535 19 plentiful plentiful JJ 21781 2535 20 remains remain NNS 21781 2535 21 of of IN 21781 2535 22 certain certain JJ 21781 2535 23 fish fish NN 21781 2535 24 called call VBD 21781 2535 25 the the DT 21781 2535 26 dipnoi dipnoi NN 21781 2535 27 , , , 21781 2535 28 of of IN 21781 2535 29 which which WDT 21781 2535 30 group group NN 21781 2535 31 three three CD 21781 2535 32 genera genera NN 21781 2535 33 still still RB 21781 2535 34 survive survive VBP 21781 2535 35 ; ; : 21781 2535 36 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2535 37 display display VBP 21781 2535 38 , , , 21781 2535 39 in in IN 21781 2535 40 numberless numberless JJ 21781 2535 41 features feature NNS 21781 2535 42 of of IN 21781 2535 43 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2535 44 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 2535 45 , , , 21781 2535 46 transitional transitional JJ 21781 2535 47 characters character NNS 21781 2535 48 between between IN 21781 2535 49 true true JJ 21781 2535 50 fish fish NN 21781 2535 51 and and CC 21781 2535 52 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 2535 53 . . . 21781 2536 1 Similarly similarly RB 21781 2536 2 , , , 21781 2536 3 in in IN 21781 2536 4 the the DT 21781 2536 5 Permian permian JJ 21781 2536 6 come come VBN 21781 2536 7 mammal mammal JJ 21781 2536 8 - - HYPH 21781 2536 9 like like JJ 21781 2536 10 reptiles reptile NNS 21781 2536 11 , , , 21781 2536 12 that that DT 21781 2536 13 point point NN 21781 2536 14 also also RB 21781 2536 15 downward downward RB 21781 2536 16 to to IN 21781 2536 17 the the DT 21781 2536 18 amphibia amphibia NNP 21781 2536 19 . . . 21781 2537 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2537 2 find find VBP 21781 2537 3 , , , 21781 2537 4 therefore therefore RB 21781 2537 5 , , , 21781 2537 6 the the DT 21781 2537 7 story story NN 21781 2537 8 told tell VBN 21781 2537 9 by by IN 21781 2537 10 the the DT 21781 2537 11 ovum ovum NN 21781 2537 12 written write VBN 21781 2537 13 also also RB 21781 2537 14 in in IN 21781 2537 15 the the DT 21781 2537 16 rocks rock NNS 21781 2537 17 . . . 21781 2538 1 Section section NN 21781 2538 2 47 47 CD 21781 2538 3 . . . 21781 2539 1 Now now RB 21781 2539 2 , , , 21781 2539 3 when when WRB 21781 2539 4 this this DT 21781 2539 5 fact fact NN 21781 2539 6 of of IN 21781 2539 7 a a DT 21781 2539 8 common common JJ 21781 2539 9 ancestry ancestry NN 21781 2539 10 is be VBZ 21781 2539 11 considered consider VBN 21781 2539 12 , , , 21781 2539 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2539 14 becomes become VBZ 21781 2539 15 necessary necessary JJ 21781 2539 16 to to TO 21781 2539 17 explain explain VB 21781 2539 18 how how WRB 21781 2539 19 this this DT 21781 2539 20 gradual gradual JJ 21781 2539 21 change change NN 21781 2539 22 of of IN 21781 2539 23 animal animal NN 21781 2539 24 forms form NNS 21781 2539 25 may may MD 21781 2539 26 have have VB 21781 2539 27 been be VBN 21781 2539 28 brought bring VBN 21781 2539 29 about about RP 21781 2539 30 . . . 21781 2540 1 Section section NN 21781 2540 2 48 48 CD 21781 2540 3 . . . 21781 2541 1 Two two CD 21781 2541 2 subcontrary subcontrary JJ 21781 2541 3 propositions proposition NNS 21781 2541 4 hold hold VBP 21781 2541 5 of of IN 21781 2541 6 the the DT 21781 2541 7 young young JJ 21781 2541 8 of of IN 21781 2541 9 any any DT 21781 2541 10 animal animal NN 21781 2541 11 . . . 21781 2542 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2542 2 resembles resemble VBZ 21781 2542 3 in in IN 21781 2542 4 many many JJ 21781 2542 5 points point NNS 21781 2542 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2542 7 parent parent NN 21781 2542 8 . . . 21781 2543 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2543 2 differs differ VBZ 21781 2543 3 in in IN 21781 2543 4 many many JJ 21781 2543 5 points point NNS 21781 2543 6 from from IN 21781 2543 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2543 8 parent parent NN 21781 2543 9 . . . 21781 2544 1 The the DT 21781 2544 2 general general JJ 21781 2544 3 scheme scheme NN 21781 2544 4 of of IN 21781 2544 5 structure structure NN 21781 2544 6 and and CC 21781 2544 7 the the DT 21781 2544 8 greater great JJR 21781 2544 9 lines line NNS 21781 2544 10 of of IN 21781 2544 11 feature feature NN 21781 2544 12 are be VBP 21781 2544 13 parental parental JJ 21781 2544 14 , , , 21781 2544 15 inherited inherit VBD 21781 2544 16 ; ; : 21781 2544 17 there there EX 21781 2544 18 are be VBP 21781 2544 19 also also RB 21781 2544 20 novel novel JJ 21781 2544 21 and and CC 21781 2544 22 unique unique JJ 21781 2544 23 details detail NNS 21781 2544 24 that that WDT 21781 2544 25 mark mark VBP 21781 2544 26 the the DT 21781 2544 27 individual individual NN 21781 2544 28 . . . 21781 2545 1 The the DT 21781 2545 2 first first JJ 21781 2545 3 fact fact NN 21781 2545 4 is be VBZ 21781 2545 5 the the DT 21781 2545 6 law law NN 21781 2545 7 of of IN 21781 2545 8 inheritance inheritance NN 21781 2545 9 ; ; : 21781 2545 10 the the DT 21781 2545 11 second second JJ 21781 2545 12 , , , 21781 2545 13 of of IN 21781 2545 14 variation variation NN 21781 2545 15 . . . 21781 2546 1 Section section NN 21781 2546 2 49 49 CD 21781 2546 3 . . . 21781 2547 1 Now now RB 21781 2547 2 the the DT 21781 2547 3 parent parent NN 21781 2547 4 or or CC 21781 2547 5 parents parent NNS 21781 2547 6 , , , 21781 2547 7 since since IN 21781 2547 8 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2547 9 live live VBP 21781 2547 10 and and CC 21781 2547 11 breed breed VBP 21781 2547 12 , , , 21781 2547 13 must must MD 21781 2547 14 be be VB 21781 2547 15 more more RBR 21781 2547 16 or or CC 21781 2547 17 less less RBR 21781 2547 18 , , , 21781 2547 19 but but CC 21781 2547 20 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 2547 21 , , , 21781 2547 22 adapted adapt VBN 21781 2547 23 to to IN 21781 2547 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2547 25 conditions condition NNS 21781 2547 26 of of IN 21781 2547 27 living-- living-- JJ 21781 2547 28 more more RBR 21781 2547 29 or or CC 21781 2547 30 less less RBR 21781 2547 31 fitted fit VBN 21781 2547 32 to to IN 21781 2547 33 the the DT 21781 2547 34 needs need NNS 21781 2547 35 of of IN 21781 2547 36 life life NN 21781 2547 37 . . . 21781 2548 1 The the DT 21781 2548 2 variation variation NN 21781 2548 3 in in IN 21781 2548 4 the the DT 21781 2548 5 young young JJ 21781 2548 6 animal animal NN 21781 2548 7 will will MD 21781 2548 8 be be VB 21781 2548 9 one one CD 21781 2548 10 of of IN 21781 2548 11 three three CD 21781 2548 12 kinds kind NNS 21781 2548 13 : : : 21781 2548 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2548 15 will will MD 21781 2548 16 fit fit VB 21781 2548 17 the the DT 21781 2548 18 animal animal NN 21781 2548 19 still still RB 21781 2548 20 better well JJR 21781 2548 21 to to IN 21781 2548 22 the the DT 21781 2548 23 conditions condition NNS 21781 2548 24 under under IN 21781 2548 25 which which WDT 21781 2548 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2548 27 kind kind NN 21781 2548 28 live live NN 21781 2548 29 , , , 21781 2548 30 or or CC 21781 2548 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2548 32 will will MD 21781 2548 33 be be VB 21781 2548 34 a a DT 21781 2548 35 change change NN 21781 2548 36 for for IN 21781 2548 37 the the DT 21781 2548 38 worse bad JJR 21781 2548 39 , , , 21781 2548 40 or or CC 21781 2548 41 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2548 42 is be VBZ 21781 2548 43 possible possible JJ 21781 2548 44 to to TO 21781 2548 45 imagine imagine VB 21781 2548 46 that that IN 21781 2548 47 the the DT 21781 2548 48 variation-- variation-- NNP 21781 2548 49 as as IN 21781 2548 50 in in IN 21781 2548 51 the the DT 21781 2548 52 colour colour NN 21781 2548 53 variations variation NNS 21781 2548 54 of of IN 21781 2548 55 domesticated domesticate VBN 21781 2548 56 cats-- cats-- NNP 21781 2548 57 will will MD 21781 2548 58 affect affect VB 21781 2548 59 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2548 60 prospects prospect NNS 21781 2548 61 in in IN 21781 2548 62 life life NN 21781 2548 63 very very RB 21781 2548 64 little little JJ 21781 2548 65 . . . 21781 2549 1 In in IN 21781 2549 2 the the DT 21781 2549 3 first first JJ 21781 2549 4 case case NN 21781 2549 5 , , , 21781 2549 6 the the DT 21781 2549 7 probability probability NN 21781 2549 8 is be VBZ 21781 2549 9 that that IN 21781 2549 10 the the DT 21781 2549 11 new new JJ 21781 2549 12 animal animal NN 21781 2549 13 will will MD 21781 2549 14 get get VB 21781 2549 15 on on RP 21781 2549 16 in in IN 21781 2549 17 life life NN 21781 2549 18 , , , 21781 2549 19 and and CC 21781 2549 20 breed breed VB 21781 2549 21 , , , 21781 2549 22 and and CC 21781 2549 23 multiply multiply VB 21781 2549 24 above above IN 21781 2549 25 the the DT 21781 2549 26 average average NN 21781 2549 27 ; ; : 21781 2549 28 in in IN 21781 2549 29 the the DT 21781 2549 30 second second JJ 21781 2549 31 , , , 21781 2549 32 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2549 33 is be VBZ 21781 2549 34 probable probable JJ 21781 2549 35 that that IN 21781 2549 36 , , , 21781 2549 37 in in IN 21781 2549 38 the the DT 21781 2549 39 competition competition NN 21781 2549 40 for for IN 21781 2549 41 food food NN 21781 2549 42 and and CC 21781 2549 43 other other JJ 21781 2549 44 amenities amenity NNS 21781 2549 45 of of IN 21781 2549 46 life life NN 21781 2549 47 , , , 21781 2549 48 the the DT 21781 2549 49 disadvantage disadvantage NN 21781 2549 50 , , , 21781 2549 51 whatever whatever WDT 21781 2549 52 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2549 53 is be VBZ 21781 2549 54 , , , 21781 2549 55 under under IN 21781 2549 56 which which WDT 21781 2549 57 the the DT 21781 2549 58 animal animal NN 21781 2549 59 suffers suffer NNS 21781 2549 60 will will MD 21781 2549 61 shorten shorten VB 21781 2549 62 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2549 63 career career NN 21781 2549 64 , , , 21781 2549 65 and and CC 21781 2549 66 abbreviate abbreviate VB 21781 2549 67 the the DT 21781 2549 68 tale tale NN 21781 2549 69 of of IN 21781 2549 70 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2549 71 offspring offspring NN 21781 2549 72 ; ; : 21781 2549 73 while while IN 21781 2549 74 , , , 21781 2549 75 in in IN 21781 2549 76 the the DT 21781 2549 77 third third JJ 21781 2549 78 case case NN 21781 2549 79 , , , 21781 2549 80 an an DT 21781 2549 81 average average JJ 21781 2549 82 career career NN 21781 2549 83 may may MD 21781 2549 84 be be VB 21781 2549 85 expected expect VBN 21781 2549 86 . . . 21781 2550 1 Hence hence RB 21781 2550 2 , , , 21781 2550 3 disregarding disregard VBG 21781 2550 4 accidents accident NNS 21781 2550 5 , , , 21781 2550 6 which which WDT 21781 2550 7 may may MD 21781 2550 8 be be VB 21781 2550 9 eliminated eliminate VBN 21781 2550 10 from from IN 21781 2550 11 the the DT 21781 2550 12 problem problem NN 21781 2550 13 by by IN 21781 2550 14 taking take VBG 21781 2550 15 many many JJ 21781 2550 16 cases case NNS 21781 2550 17 , , , 21781 2550 18 there there EX 21781 2550 19 is be VBZ 21781 2550 20 a a DT 21781 2550 21 continual continual JJ 21781 2550 22 tendency tendency NN 21781 2550 23 among among IN 21781 2550 24 the the DT 21781 2550 25 members member NNS 21781 2550 26 of of IN 21781 2550 27 a a DT 21781 2550 28 species species NN 21781 2550 29 of of IN 21781 2550 30 animals animal NNS 21781 2550 31 in in IN 21781 2550 32 favour favour NN 21781 2550 33 of of IN 21781 2550 34 the the DT 21781 2550 35 proportionate proportionate JJ 21781 2550 36 increase increase NN 21781 2550 37 of of IN 21781 2550 38 the the DT 21781 2550 39 individuals individual NNS 21781 2550 40 most most RBS 21781 2550 41 completely completely RB 21781 2550 42 adapted adapt VBN 21781 2550 43 to to IN 21781 2550 44 the the DT 21781 2550 45 conditions condition NNS 21781 2550 46 under under IN 21781 2550 47 which which WDT 21781 2550 48 the the DT 21781 2550 49 species species NN 21781 2550 50 lives live VBZ 21781 2550 51 . . . 21781 2551 1 That that RB 21781 2551 2 is is RB 21781 2551 3 , , , 21781 2551 4 while while IN 21781 2551 5 the the DT 21781 2551 6 conditions condition NNS 21781 2551 7 remain remain VBP 21781 2551 8 unchanged unchanged JJ 21781 2551 9 , , , 21781 2551 10 the the DT 21781 2551 11 animals animal NNS 21781 2551 12 , , , 21781 2551 13 considered consider VBN 21781 2551 14 as as IN 21781 2551 15 one one CD 21781 2551 16 group group NN 21781 2551 17 , , , 21781 2551 18 are be VBP 21781 2551 19 continually continually RB 21781 2551 20 more more RBR 21781 2551 21 highly highly RB 21781 2551 22 perfected perfect VBN 21781 2551 23 to to TO 21781 2551 24 live live VB 21781 2551 25 under under IN 21781 2551 26 those those DT 21781 2551 27 conditions condition NNS 21781 2551 28 . . . 21781 2552 1 And and CC 21781 2552 2 under under IN 21781 2552 3 changed change VBN 21781 2552 4 conditions condition NNS 21781 2552 5 the the DT 21781 2552 6 specific specific JJ 21781 2552 7 form form NN 21781 2552 8 will will MD 21781 2552 9 also also RB 21781 2552 10 change change VB 21781 2552 11 . . . 21781 2553 1 Section section NN 21781 2553 2 50 50 CD 21781 2553 3 . . . 21781 2554 1 The the DT 21781 2554 2 idea idea NN 21781 2554 3 of of IN 21781 2554 4 this this DT 21781 2554 5 process process NN 21781 2554 6 of of IN 21781 2554 7 change change NN 21781 2554 8 may may MD 21781 2554 9 be be VB 21781 2554 10 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 2554 11 rendered render VBN 21781 2554 12 more more RBR 21781 2554 13 vivid vivid JJ 21781 2554 14 by by IN 21781 2554 15 giving give VBG 21781 2554 16 an an DT 21781 2554 17 imaginary imaginary JJ 21781 2554 18 concrete concrete JJ 21781 2554 19 instance instance NN 21781 2554 20 of of IN 21781 2554 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2554 22 working working NN 21781 2554 23 . . . 21781 2555 1 In in IN 21781 2555 2 the the DT 21781 2555 3 jungles jungle NNS 21781 2555 4 of of IN 21781 2555 5 India India NNP 21781 2555 6 , , , 21781 2555 7 which which WDT 21781 2555 8 preserve preserve VBP 21781 2555 9 a a DT 21781 2555 10 state state NN 21781 2555 11 of of IN 21781 2555 12 things thing NNS 21781 2555 13 which which WDT 21781 2555 14 has have VBZ 21781 2555 15 existed exist VBN 21781 2555 16 for for IN 21781 2555 17 immemorial immemorial JJ 21781 2555 18 years year NNS 21781 2555 19 , , , 21781 2555 20 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2555 21 find find VBP 21781 2555 22 the the DT 21781 2555 23 tiger tiger NN 21781 2555 24 , , , 21781 2555 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2555 26 stripes stripe NNS 21781 2555 27 simulating simulate VBG 21781 2555 28 jungle jungle NN 21781 2555 29 reeds reeds NNP 21781 2555 30 , , , 21781 2555 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2555 32 noiseless noiseless JJ 21781 2555 33 approach approach NN 21781 2555 34 learnt learn VBN 21781 2555 35 from from IN 21781 2555 36 nature nature NN 21781 2555 37 in in IN 21781 2555 38 countless countless JJ 21781 2555 39 millions million NNS 21781 2555 40 of of IN 21781 2555 41 lessons lesson NNS 21781 2555 42 of of IN 21781 2555 43 success success NN 21781 2555 44 and and CC 21781 2555 45 failure failure NN 21781 2555 46 , , , 21781 2555 47 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2555 48 perfectly perfectly RB 21781 2555 49 powerful powerful JJ 21781 2555 50 claws claws NN 21781 2555 51 and and CC 21781 2555 52 execution execution NN 21781 2555 53 methods method NNS 21781 2555 54 ; ; , 21781 2555 55 and and CC 21781 2555 56 , , , 21781 2555 57 living live VBG 21781 2555 58 in in IN 21781 2555 59 the the DT 21781 2555 60 same same JJ 21781 2555 61 jungle jungle NN 21781 2555 62 , , , 21781 2555 63 and and CC 21781 2555 64 with with IN 21781 2555 65 him -PRON- PRP 21781 2555 66 as as IN 21781 2555 67 one one CD 21781 2555 68 of of IN 21781 2555 69 the the DT 21781 2555 70 conditions condition NNS 21781 2555 71 of of IN 21781 2555 72 life life NN 21781 2555 73 , , , 21781 2555 74 are be VBP 21781 2555 75 small small JJ 21781 2555 76 deer deer NNS 21781 2555 77 , , , 21781 2555 78 alert alert NN 21781 2555 79 , , , 21781 2555 80 swift swift JJ 21781 2555 81 , , , 21781 2555 82 light light NN 21781 2555 83 of of IN 21781 2555 84 build build NN 21781 2555 85 , , , 21781 2555 86 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 21781 2555 87 of of IN 21781 2555 88 colour colour NN 21781 2555 89 , , , 21781 2555 90 sharp sharp JJ 21781 2555 91 of of IN 21781 2555 92 hearing hearing NN 21781 2555 93 , , , 21781 2555 94 keen keen JJ 21781 2555 95 - - HYPH 21781 2555 96 eyed eyed JJ 21781 2555 97 , , , 21781 2555 98 keen keen JJ 21781 2555 99 - - : 21781 2555 100 scented-- scented-- VB 21781 2555 101 because because IN 21781 2555 102 any any DT 21781 2555 103 downward downward JJ 21781 2555 104 variation variation NN 21781 2555 105 from from IN 21781 2555 106 these these DT 21781 2555 107 attributes attribute NNS 21781 2555 108 means mean VBZ 21781 2555 109 swift swift JJ 21781 2555 110 and and CC 21781 2555 111 certain certain JJ 21781 2555 112 death death NN 21781 2555 113 . . . 21781 2556 1 To to TO 21781 2556 2 capture capture VB 21781 2556 3 the the DT 21781 2556 4 deer deer NN 21781 2556 5 is be VBZ 21781 2556 6 a a DT 21781 2556 7 condition condition NN 21781 2556 8 , , , 21781 2556 9 of of IN 21781 2556 10 the the DT 21781 2556 11 tiger tiger NN 21781 2556 12 's 's POS 21781 2556 13 life life NN 21781 2556 14 , , , 21781 2556 15 to to TO 21781 2556 16 escape escape VB 21781 2556 17 the the DT 21781 2556 18 tiger tiger NN 21781 2556 19 a a DT 21781 2556 20 condition condition NN 21781 2556 21 of of IN 21781 2556 22 the the DT 21781 2556 23 deer deer NN 21781 2556 24 's 's POS 21781 2556 25 ; ; : 21781 2556 26 and and CC 21781 2556 27 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2556 28 play play VBP 21781 2556 29 a a DT 21781 2556 30 great great JJ 21781 2556 31 contest contest NN 21781 2556 32 under under IN 21781 2556 33 these these DT 21781 2556 34 conditions condition NNS 21781 2556 35 , , , 21781 2556 36 with with IN 21781 2556 37 life life NN 21781 2556 38 as as IN 21781 2556 39 the the DT 21781 2556 40 stake stake NN 21781 2556 41 . . . 21781 2557 1 The the DT 21781 2557 2 most most RBS 21781 2557 3 alert alert JJ 21781 2557 4 deer deer NN 21781 2557 5 almost almost RB 21781 2557 6 always always RB 21781 2557 7 escape escape VBP 21781 2557 8 ; ; : 21781 2557 9 the the DT 21781 2557 10 least least JJS 21781 2557 11 so so RB 21781 2557 12 , , , 21781 2557 13 perish perish JJ 21781 2557 14 . . . 21781 2558 1 Section section NN 21781 2558 2 51 51 CD 21781 2558 3 . . . 21781 2559 1 But but CC 21781 2559 2 conditions condition NNS 21781 2559 3 may may MD 21781 2559 4 alter alter VB 21781 2559 5 . . . 21781 2560 1 For for IN 21781 2560 2 instance instance NN 21781 2560 3 , , , 21781 2560 4 while while IN 21781 2560 5 most most JJS 21781 2560 6 of of IN 21781 2560 7 these these DT 21781 2560 8 deer deer NN 21781 2560 9 still still RB 21781 2560 10 live live VBP 21781 2560 11 in in IN 21781 2560 12 the the DT 21781 2560 13 jungle jungle NN 21781 2560 14 with with IN 21781 2560 15 tigers tiger NNS 21781 2560 16 , , , 21781 2560 17 over over IN 21781 2560 18 a a DT 21781 2560 19 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2560 20 area area NN 21781 2560 21 of of IN 21781 2560 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2560 23 habitat habitat NN 21781 2560 24 , , , 21781 2560 25 some some DT 21781 2560 26 change change NN 21781 2560 27 may may MD 21781 2560 28 be be VB 21781 2560 29 at at IN 21781 2560 30 work work NN 21781 2560 31 that that WDT 21781 2560 32 thins thin VBZ 21781 2560 33 the the DT 21781 2560 34 jungle jungle NN 21781 2560 35 , , , 21781 2560 36 destroys destroy VBZ 21781 2560 37 the the DT 21781 2560 38 tigers tiger NNS 21781 2560 39 in in IN 21781 2560 40 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2560 41 , , , 21781 2560 42 and and CC 21781 2560 43 brings bring VBZ 21781 2560 44 in in RP 21781 2560 45 , , , 21781 2560 46 let let VB 21781 2560 47 us -PRON- PRP 21781 2560 48 say say VB 21781 2560 49 , , , 21781 2560 50 wolves wolf NNS 21781 2560 51 , , , 21781 2560 52 as as IN 21781 2560 53 an an DT 21781 2560 54 enemy enemy NN 21781 2560 55 to to IN 21781 2560 56 the the DT 21781 2560 57 deer deer NN 21781 2560 58 , , , 21781 2560 59 instead instead RB 21781 2560 60 of of IN 21781 2560 61 tigers tiger NNS 21781 2560 62 . . . 21781 2561 1 Now now RB 21781 2561 2 , , , 21781 2561 3 against against IN 21781 2561 4 the the DT 21781 2561 5 wolves wolf NNS 21781 2561 6 , , , 21781 2561 7 which which WDT 21781 2561 8 do do VBP 21781 2561 9 not not RB 21781 2561 10 creep creep VB 21781 2561 11 , , , 21781 2561 12 but but CC 21781 2561 13 hunt hunt VB 21781 2561 14 noisily noisily RB 21781 2561 15 , , , 21781 2561 16 and and CC 21781 2561 17 which which WDT 21781 2561 18 do do VBP 21781 2561 19 not not RB 21781 2561 20 spring spring VB 21781 2561 21 suddenly suddenly RB 21781 2561 22 upon upon IN 21781 2561 23 prey prey NN 21781 2561 24 , , , 21781 2561 25 but but CC 21781 2561 26 follow follow VB 21781 2561 27 by by IN 21781 2561 28 scent scent NN 21781 2561 29 , , , 21781 2561 30 and and CC 21781 2561 31 run run VB 21781 2561 32 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2561 33 down down RP 21781 2561 34 in in IN 21781 2561 35 packs pack NNS 21781 2561 36 , , , 21781 2561 37 keen keen JJ 21781 2561 38 eyes eye NNS 21781 2561 39 , , , 21781 2561 40 sharp sharp JJ 21781 2561 41 ears ear NNS 21781 2561 42 , , , 21781 2561 43 acute acute JJ 21781 2561 44 perceptions perception NNS 21781 2561 45 , , , 21781 2561 46 will will MD 21781 2561 47 be be VB 21781 2561 48 far far RB 21781 2561 49 less less RBR 21781 2561 50 important important JJ 21781 2561 51 than than IN 21781 2561 52 endurance endurance NN 21781 2561 53 in in IN 21781 2561 54 running run VBG 21781 2561 55 . . . 21781 2562 1 The the DT 21781 2562 2 deer deer NN 21781 2562 3 , , , 21781 2562 4 under under IN 21781 2562 5 the the DT 21781 2562 6 new new JJ 21781 2562 7 conditions condition NNS 21781 2562 8 , , , 21781 2562 9 will will MD 21781 2562 10 need need VB 21781 2562 11 coarser coarser NN 21781 2562 12 and and CC 21781 2562 13 more more RBR 21781 2562 14 powerful powerful JJ 21781 2562 15 limbs limb NNS 21781 2562 16 , , , 21781 2562 17 and and CC 21781 2562 18 a a DT 21781 2562 19 larger large JJR 21781 2562 20 chest chest NN 21781 2562 21 ; ; : 21781 2562 22 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2562 23 will will MD 21781 2562 24 be be VB 21781 2562 25 an an DT 21781 2562 26 advantage advantage NN 21781 2562 27 to to TO 21781 2562 28 be be VB 21781 2562 29 rough rough JJ 21781 2562 30 and and CC 21781 2562 31 big big JJ 21781 2562 32 , , , 21781 2562 33 instead instead RB 21781 2562 34 , , , 21781 2562 35 of of IN 21781 2562 36 frail frail NNP 21781 2562 37 and and CC 21781 2562 38 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 21781 2562 39 , , , 21781 2562 40 and and CC 21781 2562 41 the the DT 21781 2562 42 ears ear NNS 21781 2562 43 and and CC 21781 2562 44 eyes eye NNS 21781 2562 45 need nee MD 21781 2562 46 not not RB 21781 2562 47 be be VB 21781 2562 48 so so RB 21781 2562 49 large large JJ 21781 2562 50 . . . 21781 2563 1 The the DT 21781 2563 2 old old JJ 21781 2563 3 refinements refinement NNS 21781 2563 4 will will MD 21781 2563 5 mean mean VB 21781 2563 6 weakness weakness NN 21781 2563 7 and and CC 21781 2563 8 death death NN 21781 2563 9 ; ; : 21781 2563 10 any any DT 21781 2563 11 variation variation NN 21781 2563 12 along along IN 21781 2563 13 the the DT 21781 2563 14 line line NN 21781 2563 15 of of IN 21781 2563 16 size size NN 21781 2563 17 and and CC 21781 2563 18 coarseness coarseness NN 21781 2563 19 will will MD 21781 2563 20 be be VB 21781 2563 21 advantageous advantageous JJ 21781 2563 22 . . . 21781 2564 1 Slight slight JJ 21781 2564 2 and and CC 21781 2564 3 delicate delicate JJ 21781 2564 4 deer deer NN 21781 2564 5 will will MD 21781 2564 6 be be VB 21781 2564 7 continually continually RB 21781 2564 8 being be VBG 21781 2564 9 killed kill VBN 21781 2564 10 , , , 21781 2564 11 rougher rougher JJ 21781 2564 12 and and CC 21781 2564 13 stronger strong JJR 21781 2564 14 deer deer NN 21781 2564 15 continually continually RB 21781 2564 16 escaping escape VBG 21781 2564 17 . . . 21781 2565 1 And and CC 21781 2565 2 so so RB 21781 2565 3 gradually gradually RB 21781 2565 4 , , , 21781 2565 5 under under IN 21781 2565 6 the the DT 21781 2565 7 new new JJ 21781 2565 8 circumstances circumstance NNS 21781 2565 9 , , , 21781 2565 10 if if IN 21781 2565 11 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2565 12 are be VBP 21781 2565 13 not not RB 21781 2565 14 sufficient sufficient JJ 21781 2565 15 to to TO 21781 2565 16 exterminate exterminate VB 21781 2565 17 the the DT 21781 2565 18 species specie NNS 21781 2565 19 , , , 21781 2565 20 the the DT 21781 2565 21 finer fine JJR 21781 2565 22 characteristics characteristic NNS 21781 2565 23 will will MD 21781 2565 24 be be VB 21781 2565 25 eliminated eliminate VBN 21781 2565 26 , , , 21781 2565 27 and and CC 21781 2565 28 a a DT 21781 2565 29 new new JJ 21781 2565 30 variety variety NN 21781 2565 31 of of IN 21781 2565 32 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2565 33 old old JJ 21781 2565 34 jungle jungle NN 21781 2565 35 deer deer NN 21781 2565 36 will will MD 21781 2565 37 arise arise VB 21781 2565 38 , , , 21781 2565 39 and and CC 21781 2565 40 , , , 21781 2565 41 if if IN 21781 2565 42 the the DT 21781 2565 43 separation separation NN 21781 2565 44 and and CC 21781 2565 45 contrast contrast NN 21781 2565 46 of of IN 21781 2565 47 the the DT 21781 2565 48 conditions condition NNS 21781 2565 49 is be VBZ 21781 2565 50 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 2565 51 great great JJ 21781 2565 52 and and CC 21781 2565 53 permanent permanent JJ 21781 2565 54 , , , 21781 2565 55 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2565 56 may may MD 21781 2565 57 , , , 21781 2565 58 at at IN 21781 2565 59 last last JJ 21781 2565 60 , , , 21781 2565 61 in in IN 21781 2565 62 the the DT 21781 2565 63 course course NN 21781 2565 64 of of IN 21781 2565 65 ages age NNS 21781 2565 66 , , , 21781 2565 67 get get VB 21781 2565 68 a a DT 21781 2565 69 new new JJ 21781 2565 70 kind kind NN 21781 2565 71 of of IN 21781 2565 72 deer deer NN 21781 2565 73 specifically specifically RB 21781 2565 74 different different JJ 21781 2565 75 in in IN 21781 2565 76 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2565 77 limbs limb NNS 21781 2565 78 , , , 21781 2565 79 body body NN 21781 2565 80 , , , 21781 2565 81 sense sense NN 21781 2565 82 organs organ NNS 21781 2565 83 , , , 21781 2565 84 colour colour NN 21781 2565 85 , , , 21781 2565 86 and and CC 21781 2565 87 instincts instinct NNS 21781 2565 88 , , , 21781 2565 89 from from IN 21781 2565 90 the the DT 21781 2565 91 deer deer NN 21781 2565 92 that that WDT 21781 2565 93 live live VBP 21781 2565 94 in in IN 21781 2565 95 the the DT 21781 2565 96 jungle jungle NN 21781 2565 97 . . . 21781 2566 1 And and CC 21781 2566 2 these these DT 21781 2566 3 latter latter JJ 21781 2566 4 will will NN 21781 2566 5 , , , 21781 2566 6 on on IN 21781 2566 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2566 8 side side NN 21781 2566 9 , , , 21781 2566 10 be be VB 21781 2566 11 still still RB 21781 2566 12 continually continually RB 21781 2566 13 more more RBR 21781 2566 14 perfected perfect VBN 21781 2566 15 to to IN 21781 2566 16 the the DT 21781 2566 17 jungle jungle NN 21781 2566 18 life life NN 21781 2566 19 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2566 20 are be VBP 21781 2566 21 leading lead VBG 21781 2566 22 . . . 21781 2567 1 Section section NN 21781 2567 2 52 52 CD 21781 2567 3 . . . 21781 2568 1 Take take VB 21781 2568 2 a a DT 21781 2568 3 wider wide JJR 21781 2568 4 range range NN 21781 2568 5 of of IN 21781 2568 6 time time NN 21781 2568 7 and and CC 21781 2568 8 vaster vaster NN 21781 2568 9 changes change NNS 21781 2568 10 of of IN 21781 2568 11 condition condition NN 21781 2568 12 than than IN 21781 2568 13 this this DT 21781 2568 14 , , , 21781 2568 15 and and CC 21781 2568 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2568 17 becomes become VBZ 21781 2568 18 possible possible JJ 21781 2568 19 to to TO 21781 2568 20 imagine imagine VB 21781 2568 21 how how WRB 21781 2568 22 the the DT 21781 2568 23 social social NNP 21781 2568 24 cattle-- cattle-- NNP 21781 2568 25 with with IN 21781 2568 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2568 27 united united JJ 21781 2568 28 front front NN 21781 2568 29 against against IN 21781 2568 30 an an DT 21781 2568 31 enemy enemy NN 21781 2568 32 , , , 21781 2568 33 fierce fierce JJ 21781 2568 34 onslaught onslaught NN 21781 2568 35 , , , 21781 2568 36 and and CC 21781 2568 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2568 38 general general JJ 21781 2568 39 adaptation adaptation NN 21781 2568 40 to to IN 21781 2568 41 prairie prairie NNP 21781 2568 42 life-- life-- NNP 21781 2568 43 have have VBP 21781 2568 44 differentiated differentiate VBN 21781 2568 45 from from IN 21781 2568 46 the the DT 21781 2568 47 ancestors ancestor NNS 21781 2568 48 of of IN 21781 2568 49 the the DT 21781 2568 50 slight slight JJ 21781 2568 51 and and CC 21781 2568 52 timid timid JJ 21781 2568 53 deer deer NN 21781 2568 54 ; ; : 21781 2568 55 how how WRB 21781 2568 56 the the DT 21781 2568 57 patient patient JJ 21781 2568 58 camel camel NN 21781 2568 59 , , , 21781 2568 60 with with IN 21781 2568 61 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2568 62 storage storage NN 21781 2568 63 hump hump NN 21781 2568 64 , , , 21781 2568 65 water water NN 21781 2568 66 storage storage NN 21781 2568 67 , , , 21781 2568 68 and and CC 21781 2568 69 feet foot NNS 21781 2568 70 padded pad VBD 21781 2568 71 against against IN 21781 2568 72 hot hot JJ 21781 2568 73 sand sand NN 21781 2568 74 , , , 21781 2568 75 has have VBZ 21781 2568 76 been be VBN 21781 2568 77 moulded mould VBN 21781 2568 78 by by IN 21781 2568 79 the the DT 21781 2568 80 necessity necessity NN 21781 2568 81 of of IN 21781 2568 82 desert desert NN 21781 2568 83 life life NN 21781 2568 84 from from IN 21781 2568 85 the the DT 21781 2568 86 same same JJ 21781 2568 87 ancestral ancestral JJ 21781 2568 88 form form NN 21781 2568 89 . . . 21781 2569 1 And and CC 21781 2569 2 so so RB 21781 2569 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2569 4 may may MD 21781 2569 5 work work VB 21781 2569 6 back back RB 21781 2569 7 , , , 21781 2569 8 and and CC 21781 2569 9 link link VBP 21781 2569 10 these these DT 21781 2569 11 forms form NNS 21781 2569 12 , , , 21781 2569 13 and and CC 21781 2569 14 other other JJ 21781 2569 15 purely purely RB 21781 2569 16 vegetarian vegetarian JJ 21781 2569 17 feeders feeder NNS 21781 2569 18 , , , 21781 2569 19 with with IN 21781 2569 20 remoter remoter NN 21781 2569 21 cousins cousin NNS 21781 2569 22 , , , 21781 2569 23 the the DT 21781 2569 24 ancestral ancestral JJ 21781 2569 25 hogs hog NNS 21781 2569 26 . . . 21781 2570 1 Working work VBG 21781 2570 2 in in IN 21781 2570 3 this this DT 21781 2570 4 way way NN 21781 2570 5 , , , 21781 2570 6 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2570 7 presently presently RB 21781 2570 8 get get VBP 21781 2570 9 a a DT 21781 2570 10 glimpse glimpse NN 21781 2570 11 of of IN 21781 2570 12 a a DT 21781 2570 13 possible possible JJ 21781 2570 14 yet yet CC 21781 2570 15 remoter remote JJR 21781 2570 16 connection connection NN 21781 2570 17 of of IN 21781 2570 18 all all PDT 21781 2570 19 these these DT 21781 2570 20 hoofed hoofed NNS 21781 2570 21 and and CC 21781 2570 22 mainly mainly RB 21781 2570 23 vegetarian vegetarian JJ 21781 2570 24 animals animal NNS 21781 2570 25 , , , 21781 2570 26 with with IN 21781 2570 27 certain certain JJ 21781 2570 28 " " `` 21781 2570 29 central central JJ 21781 2570 30 types type NNS 21781 2570 31 " " '' 21781 2570 32 that that WDT 21781 2570 33 carry carry VBP 21781 2570 34 us -PRON- PRP 21781 2570 35 across across RP 21781 2570 36 to to IN 21781 2570 37 the the DT 21781 2570 38 omnivorous omnivorous JJ 21781 2570 39 , , , 21781 2570 40 and and CC 21781 2570 41 , , , 21781 2570 42 in in IN 21781 2570 43 some some DT 21781 2570 44 cases case NNS 21781 2570 45 , , , 21781 2570 46 almost almost RB 21781 2570 47 entirely entirely RB 21781 2570 48 vegetarian vegetarian JJ 21781 2570 49 bears bear NNS 21781 2570 50 , , , 21781 2570 51 and and CC 21781 2570 52 to to IN 21781 2570 53 the the DT 21781 2570 54 great great JJ 21781 2570 55 and and CC 21781 2570 56 prosperous prosperous JJ 21781 2570 57 family family NN 21781 2570 58 of of IN 21781 2570 59 clawed claw VBN 21781 2570 60 , , , 21781 2570 61 meat meat NN 21781 2570 62 - - HYPH 21781 2570 63 eaters eater NNS 21781 2570 64 . . . 21781 2571 1 And and CC 21781 2571 2 thus thus RB 21781 2571 3 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2571 4 elucidate elucidate VBP 21781 2571 5 , , , 21781 2571 6 at at IN 21781 2571 7 last last JJ 21781 2571 8 , , , 21781 2571 9 a a DT 21781 2571 10 thread thread NN 21781 2571 11 of of IN 21781 2571 12 blood blood NN 21781 2571 13 relationship relationship NN 21781 2571 14 between between IN 21781 2571 15 the the DT 21781 2571 16 , , , 21781 2571 17 at at IN 21781 2571 18 present present JJ 21781 2571 19 , , , 21781 2571 20 strongly strongly RB 21781 2571 21 contrasted contrast VBN 21781 2571 22 and and CC 21781 2571 23 antagonistic antagonistic JJ 21781 2571 24 deer deer NN 21781 2571 25 and and CC 21781 2571 26 tiger tiger NNP 21781 2571 27 , , , 21781 2571 28 and and CC 21781 2571 29 passing pass VBG 21781 2571 30 thence thence NN 21781 2571 31 into into IN 21781 2571 32 still still RB 21781 2571 33 wider wide JJR 21781 2571 34 generalizations generalization NNS 21781 2571 35 , , , 21781 2571 36 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2571 37 would would MD 21781 2571 38 be be VB 21781 2571 39 possible possible JJ 21781 2571 40 to to TO 21781 2571 41 connect connect VB 21781 2571 42 the the DT 21781 2571 43 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2571 44 playing playing NN 21781 2571 45 in in IN 21781 2571 46 the the DT 21781 2571 47 sunshine sunshine NN 21781 2571 48 , , , 21781 2571 49 with with IN 21781 2571 50 the the DT 21781 2571 51 frog frog NN 21781 2571 52 in in IN 21781 2571 53 the the DT 21781 2571 54 ditch ditch NN 21781 2571 55 , , , 21781 2571 56 the the DT 21781 2571 57 dog dog NN 21781 2571 58 - - HYPH 21781 2571 59 fish fish NN 21781 2571 60 in in IN 21781 2571 61 the the DT 21781 2571 62 sea sea NN 21781 2571 63 - - HYPH 21781 2571 64 waters water NNS 21781 2571 65 and and CC 21781 2571 66 the the DT 21781 2571 67 lancelet lancelet NN 21781 2571 68 in in IN 21781 2571 69 the the DT 21781 2571 70 sand sand NN 21781 2571 71 . . . 21781 2572 1 For for IN 21781 2572 2 the the DT 21781 2572 3 transition transition NN 21781 2572 4 from from IN 21781 2572 5 dog dog NN 21781 2572 6 - - HYPH 21781 2572 7 fish fish NN 21781 2572 8 to to IN 21781 2572 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2572 10 differs differ NNS 21781 2572 11 from from IN 21781 2572 12 the the DT 21781 2572 13 transition transition NN 21781 2572 14 from from IN 21781 2572 15 one one CD 21781 2572 16 species specie NNS 21781 2572 17 of of IN 21781 2572 18 deer deer NN 21781 2572 19 to to IN 21781 2572 20 another another DT 21781 2572 21 only only RB 21781 2572 22 in in IN 21781 2572 23 magnitude magnitude NN 21781 2572 24 : : : 21781 2572 25 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2572 26 is be VBZ 21781 2572 27 an an DT 21781 2572 28 affair affair NN 21781 2572 29 of of IN 21781 2572 30 vast vast JJ 21781 2572 31 epochs epoch NNS 21781 2572 32 instead instead RB 21781 2572 33 merely merely RB 21781 2572 34 of of IN 21781 2572 35 thousands thousand NNS 21781 2572 36 of of IN 21781 2572 37 years year NNS 21781 2572 38 . . . 21781 2573 1 Section section NN 21781 2573 2 53 53 CD 21781 2573 3 . . . 21781 2574 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2574 2 would would MD 21781 2574 3 , , , 21781 2574 4 however however RB 21781 2574 5 , , , 21781 2574 6 be be VB 21781 2574 7 beyond beyond IN 21781 2574 8 the the DT 21781 2574 9 design design NN 21781 2574 10 of of IN 21781 2574 11 this this DT 21781 2574 12 book book NN 21781 2574 13 to to TO 21781 2574 14 carry carry VB 21781 2574 15 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2574 16 demonstration demonstration NN 21781 2574 17 of of IN 21781 2574 18 the the DT 21781 2574 19 credibility credibility NN 21781 2574 20 of of IN 21781 2574 21 a a DT 21781 2574 22 common common JJ 21781 2574 23 ancestry ancestry NN 21781 2574 24 of of IN 21781 2574 25 animals animal NNS 21781 2574 26 still still RB 21781 2574 27 further further RB 21781 2574 28 back back RB 21781 2574 29 . . . 21781 2575 1 But but CC 21781 2575 2 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2575 3 may may MD 21781 2575 4 point point VB 21781 2575 5 out out RP 21781 2575 6 here here RB 21781 2575 7 that that IN 21781 2575 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2575 9 is be VBZ 21781 2575 10 not not RB 21781 2575 11 a a DT 21781 2575 12 theory theory NN 21781 2575 13 , , , 21781 2575 14 based base VBN 21781 2575 15 merely merely RB 21781 2575 16 upon upon IN 21781 2575 17 one one CD 21781 2575 18 set set NN 21781 2575 19 of of IN 21781 2575 20 facts fact NNS 21781 2575 21 , , , 21781 2575 22 but but CC 21781 2575 23 one one CD 21781 2575 24 singularly singularly RB 21781 2575 25 rich rich JJ 21781 2575 26 in in IN 21781 2575 27 confirmation confirmation NN 21781 2575 28 . . . 21781 2576 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2576 2 can can MD 21781 2576 3 construct construct VB 21781 2576 4 , , , 21781 2576 5 on on IN 21781 2576 6 purely purely RB 21781 2576 7 anatomical anatomical JJ 21781 2576 8 grounds ground NNS 21781 2576 9 , , , 21781 2576 10 a a DT 21781 2576 11 theoretical theoretical JJ 21781 2576 12 pedigree pedigree NN 21781 2576 13 . . . 21781 2577 1 Now now RB 21781 2577 2 the the DT 21781 2577 3 independent independent JJ 21781 2577 4 study study NN 21781 2577 5 of of IN 21781 2577 6 embryology embryology NN 21781 2577 7 suggests suggest VBZ 21781 2577 8 exactly exactly RB 21781 2577 9 the the DT 21781 2577 10 same same JJ 21781 2577 11 pedigree pedigree NN 21781 2577 12 , , , 21781 2577 13 and and CC 21781 2577 14 the the DT 21781 2577 15 entirely entirely RB 21781 2577 16 independent independent JJ 21781 2577 17 testimony testimony NN 21781 2577 18 of of IN 21781 2577 19 palaeontology palaeontology NN 21781 2577 20 is be VBZ 21781 2577 21 precisely precisely RB 21781 2577 22 in in IN 21781 2577 23 harmony harmony NN 21781 2577 24 with with IN 21781 2577 25 the the DT 21781 2577 26 already already RB 21781 2577 27 confirmed confirm VBN 21781 2577 28 theory theory NN 21781 2577 29 arrived arrive VBN 21781 2577 30 at at IN 21781 2577 31 in in IN 21781 2577 32 this this DT 21781 2577 33 way way NN 21781 2577 34 . . . 21781 2578 1 Section section NN 21781 2578 2 54 54 CD 21781 2578 3 . . . 21781 2579 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2579 2 is be VBZ 21781 2579 3 in in IN 21781 2579 4 the the DT 21781 2579 5 demonstration demonstration NN 21781 2579 6 of of IN 21781 2579 7 this this DT 21781 2579 8 wonderful wonderful JJ 21781 2579 9 unity unity NN 21781 2579 10 in in IN 21781 2579 11 life life NN 21781 2579 12 , , , 21781 2579 13 only only RB 21781 2579 14 the the DT 21781 2579 15 more more RBR 21781 2579 16 confirmed confirm VBD 21781 2579 17 the the DT 21781 2579 18 more more RBR 21781 2579 19 exhaustive exhaustive JJ 21781 2579 20 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2579 21 analysis analysis NN 21781 2579 22 becomes become VBZ 21781 2579 23 , , , 21781 2579 24 that that IN 21781 2579 25 the the DT 21781 2579 26 educational educational JJ 21781 2579 27 value value NN 21781 2579 28 and and CC 21781 2579 29 human human JJ 21781 2579 30 interest interest NN 21781 2579 31 of of IN 21781 2579 32 biology biology NN 21781 2579 33 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 2579 34 lies lie VBZ 21781 2579 35 . . . 21781 2580 1 In in IN 21781 2580 2 the the DT 21781 2580 3 place place NN 21781 2580 4 of of IN 21781 2580 5 disconnected disconnected JJ 21781 2580 6 species specie NNS 21781 2580 7 of of IN 21781 2580 8 animals animal NNS 21781 2580 9 , , , 21781 2580 10 arbitrarily arbitrarily RB 21781 2580 11 created create VBN 21781 2580 12 , , , 21781 2580 13 and and CC 21781 2580 14 a a DT 21781 2580 15 belief belief NN 21781 2580 16 in in IN 21781 2580 17 the the DT 21781 2580 18 settled settle VBN 21781 2580 19 inexplicable inexplicable JJ 21781 2580 20 , , , 21781 2580 21 the the DT 21781 2580 22 student student NN 21781 2580 23 finds find VBZ 21781 2580 24 an an DT 21781 2580 25 enlightening enlightening JJ 21781 2580 26 realization realization NN 21781 2580 27 of of IN 21781 2580 28 uniform uniform JJ 21781 2580 29 and and CC 21781 2580 30 active active JJ 21781 2580 31 causes cause NNS 21781 2580 32 beneath beneath IN 21781 2580 33 an an DT 21781 2580 34 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2580 35 diversity diversity NN 21781 2580 36 . . . 21781 2581 1 And and CC 21781 2581 2 the the DT 21781 2581 3 world world NN 21781 2581 4 is be VBZ 21781 2581 5 not not RB 21781 2581 6 made make VBN 21781 2581 7 and and CC 21781 2581 8 dead dead JJ 21781 2581 9 like like IN 21781 2581 10 a a DT 21781 2581 11 cardboard cardboard NN 21781 2581 12 model model NN 21781 2581 13 or or CC 21781 2581 14 a a DT 21781 2581 15 child child NN 21781 2581 16 's 's POS 21781 2581 17 toy toy NN 21781 2581 18 , , , 21781 2581 19 but but CC 21781 2581 20 a a DT 21781 2581 21 living live VBG 21781 2581 22 equilibrium equilibrium NN 21781 2581 23 ; ; : 21781 2581 24 and and CC 21781 2581 25 every every DT 21781 2581 26 day day NN 21781 2581 27 and and CC 21781 2581 28 every every DT 21781 2581 29 hour hour NN 21781 2581 30 , , , 21781 2581 31 every every DT 21781 2581 32 living living NN 21781 2581 33 thing thing NN 21781 2581 34 is be VBZ 21781 2581 35 being be VBG 21781 2581 36 weighed weigh VBN 21781 2581 37 in in IN 21781 2581 38 the the DT 21781 2581 39 balance balance NN 21781 2581 40 and and CC 21781 2581 41 found find VBD 21781 2581 42 sufficient sufficient JJ 21781 2581 43 or or CC 21781 2581 44 wanting wanting JJ 21781 2581 45 . . . 21781 2582 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2582 2 little little JJ 21781 2582 3 book book NN 21781 2582 4 is be VBZ 21781 2582 5 the the DT 21781 2582 6 merest mere JJS 21781 2582 7 beginning beginning NN 21781 2582 8 in in IN 21781 2582 9 zoology zoology NN 21781 2582 10 ; ; : 21781 2582 11 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2582 12 have have VBP 21781 2582 13 stated state VBN 21781 2582 14 one one CD 21781 2582 15 or or CC 21781 2582 16 two two CD 21781 2582 17 groups group NNS 21781 2582 18 of of IN 21781 2582 19 facts fact NNS 21781 2582 20 and and CC 21781 2582 21 made make VBD 21781 2582 22 one one CD 21781 2582 23 or or CC 21781 2582 24 two two CD 21781 2582 25 suggestions suggestion NNS 21781 2582 26 . . . 21781 2583 1 The the DT 21781 2583 2 great great JJ 21781 2583 3 things thing NNS 21781 2583 4 of of IN 21781 2583 5 the the DT 21781 2583 6 science science NN 21781 2583 7 of of IN 21781 2583 8 Darwin Darwin NNP 21781 2583 9 , , , 21781 2583 10 Huxley Huxley NNP 21781 2583 11 , , , 21781 2583 12 Wallace Wallace NNP 21781 2583 13 , , , 21781 2583 14 and and CC 21781 2583 15 Balfour Balfour NNP 21781 2583 16 remain remain VBP 21781 2583 17 mainly mainly RB 21781 2583 18 untold untold JJ 21781 2583 19 . . . 21781 2584 1 In in IN 21781 2584 2 the the DT 21781 2584 3 book book NN 21781 2584 4 of of IN 21781 2584 5 nature nature NN 21781 2584 6 there there EX 21781 2584 7 are be VBP 21781 2584 8 written write VBN 21781 2584 9 , , , 21781 2584 10 for for IN 21781 2584 11 instance instance NN 21781 2584 12 , , , 21781 2584 13 the the DT 21781 2584 14 triumphs triumph NNS 21781 2584 15 of of IN 21781 2584 16 survival survival NN 21781 2584 17 , , , 21781 2584 18 the the DT 21781 2584 19 tragedy tragedy NN 21781 2584 20 of of IN 21781 2584 21 death death NN 21781 2584 22 and and CC 21781 2584 23 extinction extinction NN 21781 2584 24 , , , 21781 2584 25 the the DT 21781 2584 26 tragi tragi NN 21781 2584 27 - - HYPH 21781 2584 28 comedy comedy NN 21781 2584 29 of of IN 21781 2584 30 degradation degradation NN 21781 2584 31 and and CC 21781 2584 32 inheritance inheritance NN 21781 2584 33 , , , 21781 2584 34 the the DT 21781 2584 35 gruesome gruesome JJ 21781 2584 36 lesson lesson NN 21781 2584 37 of of IN 21781 2584 38 parasitism parasitism NN 21781 2584 39 , , , 21781 2584 40 and and CC 21781 2584 41 the the DT 21781 2584 42 political political JJ 21781 2584 43 satire satire NN 21781 2584 44 of of IN 21781 2584 45 colonial colonial JJ 21781 2584 46 organisms organism NNS 21781 2584 47 . . . 21781 2585 1 Zoology zoology NN 21781 2585 2 is be VBZ 21781 2585 3 , , , 21781 2585 4 indeed indeed RB 21781 2585 5 , , , 21781 2585 6 a a DT 21781 2585 7 philosophy philosophy NN 21781 2585 8 and and CC 21781 2585 9 a a DT 21781 2585 10 literature literature NN 21781 2585 11 to to IN 21781 2585 12 those those DT 21781 2585 13 who who WP 21781 2585 14 can can MD 21781 2585 15 read read VB 21781 2585 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2585 17 symbols symbol NNS 21781 2585 18 . . . 21781 2586 1 In in IN 21781 2586 2 the the DT 21781 2586 3 contemplation contemplation NN 21781 2586 4 of of IN 21781 2586 5 beauty beauty NN 21781 2586 6 of of IN 21781 2586 7 form form NN 21781 2586 8 and and CC 21781 2586 9 of of IN 21781 2586 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 21781 2586 11 beauty beauty NN 21781 2586 12 , , , 21781 2586 13 and and CC 21781 2586 14 in in IN 21781 2586 15 the the DT 21781 2586 16 intellectual intellectual JJ 21781 2586 17 delight delight NN 21781 2586 18 of of IN 21781 2586 19 tracing trace VBG 21781 2586 20 and and CC 21781 2586 21 elucidating elucidate VBG 21781 2586 22 relationships relationship NNS 21781 2586 23 and and CC 21781 2586 24 criticising criticise VBG 21781 2586 25 appearances appearance NNS 21781 2586 26 , , , 21781 2586 27 there there EX 21781 2586 28 is be VBZ 21781 2586 29 also also RB 21781 2586 30 for for IN 21781 2586 31 many many JJ 21781 2586 32 a a DT 21781 2586 33 great great JJ 21781 2586 34 reward reward NN 21781 2586 35 in in IN 21781 2586 36 zoological zoological JJ 21781 2586 37 study study NN 21781 2586 38 . . . 21781 2587 1 With with IN 21781 2587 2 an an DT 21781 2587 3 increasing increase VBG 21781 2587 4 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 2587 5 of of IN 21781 2587 6 the the DT 21781 2587 7 facts fact NNS 21781 2587 8 of of IN 21781 2587 9 the the DT 21781 2587 10 form form NN 21781 2587 11 of of IN 21781 2587 12 life life NN 21781 2587 13 , , , 21781 2587 14 there there EX 21781 2587 15 gradually gradually RB 21781 2587 16 appears appear VBZ 21781 2587 17 to to IN 21781 2587 18 the the DT 21781 2587 19 student student NN 21781 2587 20 the the DT 21781 2587 21 realization realization NN 21781 2587 22 of of IN 21781 2587 23 an an DT 21781 2587 24 entire entire JJ 21781 2587 25 unity unity NN 21781 2587 26 shaped shape VBN 21781 2587 27 out out RP 21781 2587 28 by by IN 21781 2587 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2587 30 countless countless JJ 21781 2587 31 , , , 21781 2587 32 and and CC 21781 2587 33 often often RB 21781 2587 34 beautiful beautiful JJ 21781 2587 35 , , , 21781 2587 36 diversity diversity NN 21781 2587 37 . . . 21781 2588 1 And and CC 21781 2588 2 at at IN 21781 2588 3 last last JJ 21781 2588 4 , , , 21781 2588 5 in in IN 21781 2588 6 the the DT 21781 2588 7 place place NN 21781 2588 8 of of IN 21781 2588 9 the the DT 21781 2588 10 manifoldness manifoldness NN 21781 2588 11 of of IN 21781 2588 12 a a DT 21781 2588 13 fair fair JJ 21781 2588 14 or or CC 21781 2588 15 a a DT 21781 2588 16 marine marine JJ 21781 2588 17 store store NN 21781 2588 18 , , , 21781 2588 19 the the DT 21781 2588 20 student student NN 21781 2588 21 of of IN 21781 2588 22 science science NN 21781 2588 23 perceives perceive VBZ 21781 2588 24 the the DT 21781 2588 25 infinite infinite JJ 21781 2588 26 variety variety NN 21781 2588 27 of of IN 21781 2588 28 one one CD 21781 2588 29 consistent consistent JJ 21781 2588 30 and and CC 21781 2588 31 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 21781 2588 32 Being-- being-- NN 21781 2588 33 a a DT 21781 2588 34 realization realization NN 21781 2588 35 to to TO 21781 2588 36 which which WDT 21781 2588 37 no no DT 21781 2588 38 other other JJ 21781 2588 39 study study NN 21781 2588 40 leads lead VBZ 21781 2588 41 him -PRON- PRP 21781 2588 42 at at IN 21781 2588 43 present present JJ 21781 2588 44 so so RB 21781 2588 45 surely surely RB 21781 2588 46 . . . 21781 2589 1 To to IN 21781 2589 2 the the DT 21781 2589 3 student student NN 21781 2589 4 who who WP 21781 2589 5 feels feel VBZ 21781 2589 6 inclined inclined JJ 21781 2589 7 to to TO 21781 2589 8 amplify amplify VB 21781 2589 9 this this DT 21781 2589 10 brief brief JJ 21781 2589 11 outline outline NN 21781 2589 12 of of IN 21781 2589 13 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP 21781 2589 14 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 2589 15 , , , 21781 2589 16 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2589 17 may may MD 21781 2589 18 mention mention VB 21781 2589 19 the the DT 21781 2589 20 following follow VBG 21781 2589 21 books book NNS 21781 2589 22 : : : 21781 2589 23 Wiedersheim Wiedersheim NNP 21781 2589 24 's 's POS 21781 2589 25 and and CC 21781 2589 26 Parker Parker NNP 21781 2589 27 's 's POS 21781 2589 28 Vertebrates Vertebrates NNPS 21781 2589 29 , , , 21781 2589 30 Huxley Huxley NNP 21781 2589 31 's 's POS 21781 2589 32 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 2589 33 of of IN 21781 2589 34 the the DT 21781 2589 35 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 21781 2589 36 , , , 21781 2589 37 Flower Flower NNP 21781 2589 38 's 's POS 21781 2589 39 Osteology Osteology NNP 21781 2589 40 of of IN 21781 2589 41 the the DT 21781 2589 42 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 21781 2589 43 , , , 21781 2589 44 Wallace Wallace NNP 21781 2589 45 's 's POS 21781 2589 46 Distribution Distribution NNP 21781 2589 47 , , , 21781 2589 48 Nicholson Nicholson NNP 21781 2589 49 and and CC 21781 2589 50 Lyddeker Lyddeker NNP 21781 2589 51 's 's POS 21781 2589 52 Palaeontology palaeontology NN 21781 2589 53 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2589 54 Volume volume NN 21781 2589 55 2 2 CD 21781 2589 56 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2589 57 , , , 21781 2589 58 the the DT 21781 2589 59 summaries summary NNS 21781 2589 60 in in IN 21781 2589 61 Rolleston Rolleston NNP 21781 2589 62 's 's POS 21781 2589 63 Forms Forms NNPS 21781 2589 64 of of IN 21781 2589 65 Animal Animal NNP 21781 2589 66 Life Life NNP 21781 2589 67 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2589 68 where where WRB 21781 2589 69 a a DT 21781 2589 70 bibliography bibliography NN 21781 2589 71 will will MD 21781 2589 72 be be VB 21781 2589 73 found find VBN 21781 2589 74 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2589 75 , , , 21781 2589 76 and and CC 21781 2589 77 Balfour Balfour NNP 21781 2589 78 's 's POS 21781 2589 79 Embryology embryology NN 21781 2589 80 . . . 21781 2590 1 But but CC 21781 2590 2 reading read VBG 21781 2590 3 without without IN 21781 2590 4 practical practical JJ 21781 2590 5 work work NN 21781 2590 6 is be VBZ 21781 2590 7 a a DT 21781 2590 8 dull dull JJ 21781 2590 9 and and CC 21781 2590 10 unprofitable unprofitable JJ 21781 2590 11 method method NN 21781 2590 12 of of IN 21781 2590 13 study study NN 21781 2590 14 . . . 21781 2591 1 _ _ NNP 21781 2591 2 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 2591 3 on on IN 21781 2591 4 Embryology Embryology NNP 21781 2591 5 _ _ NNP 21781 2591 6 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2591 7 All all PDT 21781 2591 8 these these DT 21781 2591 9 questions question NNS 21781 2591 10 were be VBD 21781 2591 11 actually actually RB 21781 2591 12 set set VBN 21781 2591 13 at at IN 21781 2591 14 London London NNP 21781 2591 15 University University NNP 21781 2591 16 Examinations Examinations NNPS 21781 2591 17 . . . 21781 2591 18 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2592 1 { { -LRB- 21781 2592 2 In in IN 21781 2592 3 Both both DT 21781 2592 4 Editions Editions NNPS 21781 2592 5 . . . 21781 2592 6 } } -RRB- 21781 2593 1 1 1 LS 21781 2593 2 . . . 21781 2594 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2594 2 the the DT 21781 2594 3 changes change NNS 21781 2594 4 in in IN 21781 2594 5 the the DT 21781 2594 6 egg egg NN 21781 2594 7 - - HYPH 21781 2594 8 cell cell NN 21781 2594 9 which which WDT 21781 2594 10 precede precede VBP 21781 2594 11 fertilization fertilization NN 21781 2594 12 ; ; , 21781 2594 13 describe describe VB 21781 2594 14 the the DT 21781 2594 15 process process NN 21781 2594 16 of of IN 21781 2594 17 fertilization fertilization NN 21781 2594 18 and and CC 21781 2594 19 the the DT 21781 2594 20 formation formation NN 21781 2594 21 of of IN 21781 2594 22 the the DT 21781 2594 23 primary primary JJ 21781 2594 24 cell cell NN 21781 2594 25 - - HYPH 21781 2594 26 layers layer NNS 21781 2594 27 , , , 21781 2594 28 as as IN 21781 2594 29 exhibited exhibit VBN 21781 2594 30 , , , 21781 2594 31 in in IN 21781 2594 32 three three CD 21781 2594 33 of of IN 21781 2594 34 the the DT 21781 2594 35 animal animal NN 21781 2594 36 types type NNS 21781 2594 37 known know VBN 21781 2594 38 to to IN 21781 2594 39 you -PRON- PRP 21781 2594 40 . . . 21781 2595 1 What what WP 21781 2595 2 is be VBZ 21781 2595 3 the the DT 21781 2595 4 notochord notochord NN 21781 2595 5 , , , 21781 2595 6 and and CC 21781 2595 7 how how WRB 21781 2595 8 is be VBZ 21781 2595 9 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2595 10 developed develop VBN 21781 2595 11 in in IN 21781 2595 12 the the DT 21781 2595 13 frog frog NN 21781 2595 14 ? ? . 21781 2596 1 2 2 LS 21781 2596 2 . . . 21781 2597 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2597 2 the the DT 21781 2597 3 early early JJ 21781 2597 4 stages stage NNS 21781 2597 5 in in IN 21781 2597 6 the the DT 21781 2597 7 development development NN 21781 2597 8 of of IN 21781 2597 9 the the DT 21781 2597 10 egg egg NN 21781 2597 11 of of IN 21781 2597 12 the the DT 21781 2597 13 fowl fowl NN 21781 2597 14 as as RB 21781 2597 15 far far RB 21781 2597 16 as as IN 21781 2597 17 the the DT 21781 2597 18 closure closure NN 21781 2597 19 of of IN 21781 2597 20 the the DT 21781 2597 21 neural neural JJ 21781 2597 22 groove groove NN 21781 2597 23 . . . 21781 2598 1 How how WRB 21781 2598 2 do do VBP 21781 2598 3 you -PRON- PRP 21781 2598 4 account account VB 21781 2598 5 for for IN 21781 2598 6 the the DT 21781 2598 7 primitive primitive JJ 21781 2598 8 streak streak NN 21781 2598 9 ? ? . 21781 2599 1 3 3 LS 21781 2599 2 . . . 21781 2600 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2600 2 the the DT 21781 2600 3 cleavage cleavage NN 21781 2600 4 and and CC 21781 2600 5 the the DT 21781 2600 6 surface surface NN 21781 2600 7 appearances appearance NNS 21781 2600 8 of of IN 21781 2600 9 the the DT 21781 2600 10 egg egg NN 21781 2600 11 of of IN 21781 2600 12 the the DT 21781 2600 13 frog frog NN 21781 2600 14 and and CC 21781 2600 15 of of IN 21781 2600 16 the the DT 21781 2600 17 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2600 18 , , , 21781 2600 19 up up IN 21781 2600 20 to to IN 21781 2600 21 the the DT 21781 2600 22 time time NN 21781 2600 23 when when WRB 21781 2600 24 the the DT 21781 2600 25 first first JJ 21781 2600 26 gill gill JJ 21781 2600 27 - - HYPH 21781 2600 28 slits slit NNS 21781 2600 29 appear appear VBP 21781 2600 30 in in IN 21781 2600 31 the the DT 21781 2600 32 embryo embryo NN 21781 2600 33 . . . 21781 2601 1 Give give VB 21781 2601 2 illustrative illustrative JJ 21781 2601 3 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2601 4 of of IN 21781 2601 5 what what WP 21781 2601 6 you -PRON- PRP 21781 2601 7 describe describe VBP 21781 2601 8 . . . 21781 2602 1 4 4 LS 21781 2602 2 . . . 21781 2603 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2603 2 the the DT 21781 2603 3 structure structure NN 21781 2603 4 and and CC 21781 2603 5 cleavage cleavage NN 21781 2603 6 of of IN 21781 2603 7 the the DT 21781 2603 8 ovum ovum NN 21781 2603 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2603 10 a a DT 21781 2603 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2603 12 of of IN 21781 2603 13 the the DT 21781 2603 14 frog frog NN 21781 2603 15 , , , 21781 2603 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2603 17 b b NN 21781 2603 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2603 19 of of IN 21781 2603 20 the the DT 21781 2603 21 fowl fowl NN 21781 2603 22 , , , 21781 2603 23 and and CC 21781 2603 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2603 25 c c NN 21781 2603 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2603 27 of of IN 21781 2603 28 the the DT 21781 2603 29 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2603 30 . . . 21781 2604 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2604 2 d d LS 21781 2604 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2604 4 Explain explain VB 21781 2604 5 as as RB 21781 2604 6 far far RB 21781 2604 7 as as IN 21781 2604 8 possible possible JJ 21781 2604 9 the the DT 21781 2604 10 differences difference NNS 21781 2604 11 in in IN 21781 2604 12 the the DT 21781 2604 13 cleavage cleavage NN 21781 2604 14 of of IN 21781 2604 15 these these DT 21781 2604 16 three three CD 21781 2604 17 eggs egg NNS 21781 2604 18 . . . 21781 2605 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2605 2 e e LS 21781 2605 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2605 4 Point point VB 21781 2605 5 out out RP 21781 2605 6 how how WRB 21781 2605 7 the the DT 21781 2605 8 embryo embryo NN 21781 2605 9 is be VBZ 21781 2605 10 nourished nourish VBN 21781 2605 11 in in IN 21781 2605 12 each each DT 21781 2605 13 case case NN 21781 2605 14 , , , 21781 2605 15 and and CC 21781 2605 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2605 17 f f NN 21781 2605 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2605 19 describe describe VB 21781 2605 20 the the DT 21781 2605 21 constitution constitution NN 21781 2605 22 of of IN 21781 2605 23 the the DT 21781 2605 24 placenta placenta NN 21781 2605 25 in in IN 21781 2605 26 the the DT 21781 2605 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2605 28 . . . 21781 2606 1 5 5 CD 21781 2606 2 . . . 21781 2607 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2607 2 a a LS 21781 2607 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2607 4 What what WP 21781 2607 5 are be VBP 21781 2607 6 the the DT 21781 2607 7 protovertebrae protovertebrae NNS 21781 2607 8 ? ? . 21781 2608 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2608 2 b b LS 21781 2608 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2608 4 How how WRB 21781 2608 5 does do VBZ 21781 2608 6 the the DT 21781 2608 7 notochord notochord NN 21781 2608 8 originate originate VB 21781 2608 9 in in IN 21781 2608 10 the the DT 21781 2608 11 frog frog NN 21781 2608 12 ? ? . 21781 2609 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2609 2 c c NN 21781 2609 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2609 4 How how WRB 21781 2609 5 are be VBP 21781 2609 6 the the DT 21781 2609 7 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 2609 8 laid lay VBN 21781 2609 9 down down RP 21781 2609 10 in in IN 21781 2609 11 the the DT 21781 2609 12 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2609 13 ? ? . 21781 2610 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2610 2 d d LS 21781 2610 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2610 4 Describe describe VB 21781 2610 5 the the DT 21781 2610 6 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2610 7 column column NN 21781 2610 8 of of IN 21781 2610 9 the the DT 21781 2610 10 adult adult NN 21781 2610 11 frog frog NN 21781 2610 12 . . . 21781 2611 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2611 2 e e LS 21781 2611 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2611 4 In in IN 21781 2611 5 what what WDT 21781 2611 6 important important JJ 21781 2611 7 respects respect NNS 21781 2611 8 do do VBP 21781 2611 9 the the DT 21781 2611 10 centra centra NN 21781 2611 11 of of IN 21781 2611 12 the the DT 21781 2611 13 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 2611 14 of of IN 21781 2611 15 the the DT 21781 2611 16 frog frog NN 21781 2611 17 , , , 21781 2611 18 the the DT 21781 2611 19 dog dog NN 21781 2611 20 - - HYPH 21781 2611 21 fish fish NN 21781 2611 22 , , , 21781 2611 23 and and CC 21781 2611 24 the the DT 21781 2611 25 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2611 26 differ differ VBP 21781 2611 27 from from IN 21781 2611 28 one one CD 21781 2611 29 another another DT 21781 2611 30 ? ? . 21781 2612 1 6 6 CD 21781 2612 2 . . . 21781 2613 1 Give give VB 21781 2613 2 an an DT 21781 2613 3 account account NN 21781 2613 4 of of IN 21781 2613 5 the the DT 21781 2613 6 more more RBR 21781 2613 7 important important JJ 21781 2613 8 features feature NNS 21781 2613 9 in in IN 21781 2613 10 the the DT 21781 2613 11 development development NN 21781 2613 12 of of IN 21781 2613 13 the the DT 21781 2613 14 frog frog NN 21781 2613 15 . . . 21781 2614 1 7 7 LS 21781 2614 2 . . . 21781 2615 1 What what WDT 21781 2615 2 temporary temporary JJ 21781 2615 3 organs organ NNS 21781 2615 4 are be VBP 21781 2615 5 developed develop VBN 21781 2615 6 in in IN 21781 2615 7 the the DT 21781 2615 8 embryo embryo NN 21781 2615 9 frog frog NN 21781 2615 10 which which WDT 21781 2615 11 are be VBP 21781 2615 12 absent absent JJ 21781 2615 13 from from IN 21781 2615 14 the the DT 21781 2615 15 embryo embryo NN 21781 2615 16 bird bird NN 21781 2615 17 and and CC 21781 2615 18 mammal mammal NN 21781 2615 19 , , , 21781 2615 20 and and CC 21781 2615 21 what what WP 21781 2615 22 in in IN 21781 2615 23 the the DT 21781 2615 24 two two CD 21781 2615 25 latter latter JJ 21781 2615 26 which which WDT 21781 2615 27 are be VBP 21781 2615 28 absent absent JJ 21781 2615 29 from from IN 21781 2615 30 the the DT 21781 2615 31 former former JJ 21781 2615 32 ? ? . 21781 2616 1 8 8 LS 21781 2616 2 . . . 21781 2617 1 Draw draw NN 21781 2617 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2617 3 , , , 21781 2617 4 with with IN 21781 2617 5 the the DT 21781 2617 6 parts part NNS 21781 2617 7 named name VBN 21781 2617 8 , , , 21781 2617 9 of of IN 21781 2617 10 the the DT 21781 2617 11 heart heart NN 21781 2617 12 and and CC 21781 2617 13 great great JJ 21781 2617 14 arteries artery NNS 21781 2617 15 of of IN 21781 2617 16 the the DT 21781 2617 17 frog frog NN 21781 2617 18 , , , 21781 2617 19 giving give VBG 21781 2617 20 descriptions description NNS 21781 2617 21 only only RB 21781 2617 22 in in IN 21781 2617 23 so so RB 21781 2617 24 far far RB 21781 2617 25 as as IN 21781 2617 26 is be VBZ 21781 2617 27 necessary necessary JJ 21781 2617 28 to to TO 21781 2617 29 explain explain VB 21781 2617 30 your -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2617 31 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2617 32 ; ; : 21781 2617 33 trace trace VB 21781 2617 34 the the DT 21781 2617 35 development development NN 21781 2617 36 of of IN 21781 2617 37 these these DT 21781 2617 38 structures structure NNS 21781 2617 39 in in IN 21781 2617 40 the the DT 21781 2617 41 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2617 42 ; ; : 21781 2617 43 point point VB 21781 2617 44 out out RP 21781 2617 45 particularly particularly RB 21781 2617 46 in in IN 21781 2617 47 which which WDT 21781 2617 48 of of IN 21781 2617 49 the the DT 21781 2617 50 embryonic embryonic NNP 21781 2617 51 visceral visceral NNP 21781 2617 52 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2617 53 branchial branchial NNP 21781 2617 54 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2617 55 arches arch VBZ 21781 2617 56 the the DT 21781 2617 57 great great JJ 21781 2617 58 arteries artery NNS 21781 2617 59 of of IN 21781 2617 60 the the DT 21781 2617 61 adult adult NN 21781 2617 62 run run NN 21781 2617 63 . . . 21781 2618 1 9 9 CD 21781 2618 2 . . . 21781 2619 1 Trace trace VB 21781 2619 2 the the DT 21781 2619 3 history history NN 21781 2619 4 of of IN 21781 2619 5 the the DT 21781 2619 6 post post JJ 21781 2619 7 - - JJ 21781 2619 8 oral oral JJ 21781 2619 9 gill gill JJ 21781 2619 10 - - HYPH 21781 2619 11 slits slit NNS 21781 2619 12 and and CC 21781 2619 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2619 14 accompanying accompanying JJ 21781 2619 15 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2619 16 bars bar NNS 21781 2619 17 and and CC 21781 2619 18 vascular vascular JJ 21781 2619 19 arches arch NNS 21781 2619 20 in in IN 21781 2619 21 the the DT 21781 2619 22 frog frog NN 21781 2619 23 , , , 21781 2619 24 fowl fowl NN 21781 2619 25 , , , 21781 2619 26 and and CC 21781 2619 27 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2619 28 . . . 21781 2620 1 10 10 CD 21781 2620 2 . . . 21781 2621 1 Give give VB 21781 2621 2 a a DT 21781 2621 3 short short JJ 21781 2621 4 account account NN 21781 2621 5 , , , 21781 2621 6 with with IN 21781 2621 7 illustrative illustrative JJ 21781 2621 8 figures figure NNS 21781 2621 9 , , , 21781 2621 10 of of IN 21781 2621 11 the the DT 21781 2621 12 mode mode NN 21781 2621 13 of of IN 21781 2621 14 formation formation NN 21781 2621 15 of of IN 21781 2621 16 the the DT 21781 2621 17 primary primary JJ 21781 2621 18 germinal germinal JJ 21781 2621 19 layers layer NNS 21781 2621 20 in in IN 21781 2621 21 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2621 22 and and CC 21781 2621 23 in in IN 21781 2621 24 the the DT 21781 2621 25 frog frog NN 21781 2621 26 . . . 21781 2622 1 What what WDT 21781 2622 2 explanation explanation NN 21781 2622 3 can can MD 21781 2622 4 you -PRON- PRP 21781 2622 5 give give VB 21781 2622 6 of of IN 21781 2622 7 the the DT 21781 2622 8 differences difference NNS 21781 2622 9 between between IN 21781 2622 10 the the DT 21781 2622 11 two two CD 21781 2622 12 cases case NNS 21781 2622 13 ? ? . 21781 2623 1 11 11 CD 21781 2623 2 . . . 21781 2624 1 Give give VB 21781 2624 2 a a DT 21781 2624 3 short short JJ 21781 2624 4 account account NN 21781 2624 5 , , , 21781 2624 6 with with IN 21781 2624 7 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2624 8 figures figure NNS 21781 2624 9 , , , 21781 2624 10 of of IN 21781 2624 11 the the DT 21781 2624 12 principal principal JJ 21781 2624 13 changes change NNS 21781 2624 14 which which WDT 21781 2624 15 occur occur VBP 21781 2624 16 in in IN 21781 2624 17 the the DT 21781 2624 18 circulatory circulatory JJ 21781 2624 19 and and CC 21781 2624 20 respiratory respiratory JJ 21781 2624 21 organs organ NNS 21781 2624 22 during during IN 21781 2624 23 the the DT 21781 2624 24 metamorphosis metamorphosis NN 21781 2624 25 of of IN 21781 2624 26 the the DT 21781 2624 27 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2624 28 into into IN 21781 2624 29 the the DT 21781 2624 30 frog frog NN 21781 2624 31 . . . 21781 2625 1 12 12 CD 21781 2625 2 . . . 21781 2626 1 How how WRB 21781 2626 2 do do VBP 21781 2626 3 protozoa protozoa NN 21781 2626 4 differ differ VB 21781 2626 5 from from IN 21781 2626 6 higher high JJR 21781 2626 7 animals animal NNS 21781 2626 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2626 9 metazoa metazoa JJ 21781 2626 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2626 11 as as IN 21781 2626 12 regards regard NNS 21781 2626 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2626 14 a a DT 21781 2626 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2626 16 structure structure NN 21781 2626 17 , , , 21781 2626 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2626 19 b b NN 21781 2626 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2626 21 reproduction reproduction NN 21781 2626 22 ? ? . 21781 2627 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2627 2 the the DT 21781 2627 3 process process NN 21781 2627 4 of of IN 21781 2627 5 fission fission NN 21781 2627 6 in in IN 21781 2627 7 an an DT 21781 2627 8 amoeba amoeba NN 21781 2627 9 with with IN 21781 2627 10 the the DT 21781 2627 11 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2627 12 of of IN 21781 2627 13 the the DT 21781 2627 14 ovum ovum NN 21781 2627 15 in in IN 21781 2627 16 amphioxus amphioxus NNP 21781 2627 17 , , , 21781 2627 18 pointing point VBG 21781 2627 19 out out RP 21781 2627 20 the the DT 21781 2627 21 resemblances resemblance NNS 21781 2627 22 and and CC 21781 2627 23 differences difference NNS 21781 2627 24 between between IN 21781 2627 25 the the DT 21781 2627 26 two two CD 21781 2627 27 cases case NNS 21781 2627 28 . . . 21781 2628 1 -Miscellaneous -miscellaneous JJ 21781 2628 2 Questions Questions NNPS 21781 2628 3 _ _ NNP 21781 2628 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2628 5 Most Most JJS 21781 2628 6 of of IN 21781 2628 7 these these DT 21781 2628 8 questions question NNS 21781 2628 9 were be VBD 21781 2628 10 actually actually RB 21781 2628 11 set set VBN 21781 2628 12 at at IN 21781 2628 13 the the DT 21781 2628 14 Biological biological JJ 21781 2628 15 Examinations Examinations NNPS 21781 2628 16 of of IN 21781 2628 17 London London NNP 21781 2628 18 University University NNP 21781 2628 19 . . . 21781 2628 20 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2629 1 { { -LRB- 21781 2629 2 In in IN 21781 2629 3 Both both DT 21781 2629 4 Editions Editions NNPS 21781 2629 5 . . . 21781 2629 6 } } -RRB- 21781 2630 1 1 1 LS 21781 2630 2 . . . 21781 2631 1 Describe Describe NNP 21781 2631 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2631 3 a a LS 21781 2631 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2631 5 the the DT 21781 2631 6 digestive digestive NN 21781 2631 7 , , , 21781 2631 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2631 9 b b LS 21781 2631 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2631 11 the the DT 21781 2631 12 circulatory circulatory NN 21781 2631 13 , , , 21781 2631 14 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2631 15 c c NN 21781 2631 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2631 17 the the DT 21781 2631 18 excretory excretory NN 21781 2631 19 , , , 21781 2631 20 and and CC 21781 2631 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2631 22 d d LS 21781 2631 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2631 24 the the DT 21781 2631 25 reproductive reproductive JJ 21781 2631 26 organs organ NNS 21781 2631 27 of of IN 21781 2631 28 the the DT 21781 2631 29 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2631 30 . . . 21781 2632 1 2 2 LS 21781 2632 2 . . . 21781 2633 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2633 2 the the DT 21781 2633 3 stomach stomach NN 21781 2633 4 and and CC 21781 2633 5 intestines intestine NNS 21781 2633 6 of of IN 21781 2633 7 the the DT 21781 2633 8 dog dog NN 21781 2633 9 - - HYPH 21781 2633 10 fish fish NN 21781 2633 11 and and CC 21781 2633 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2633 13 , , , 21781 2633 14 and and CC 21781 2633 15 point point VB 21781 2633 16 out out RP 21781 2633 17 in in IN 21781 2633 18 what what WDT 21781 2633 19 way way NN 21781 2633 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2633 21 differences difference NNS 21781 2633 22 are be VBP 21781 2633 23 connected connect VBN 21781 2633 24 with with IN 21781 2633 25 diet diet NN 21781 2633 26 . . . 21781 2634 1 3 3 LS 21781 2634 2 . . . 21781 2635 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2635 2 the the DT 21781 2635 3 mechanism mechanism NN 21781 2635 4 of of IN 21781 2635 5 respiration respiration NN 21781 2635 6 in in IN 21781 2635 7 the the DT 21781 2635 8 adult adult NN 21781 2635 9 frog frog NN 21781 2635 10 , , , 21781 2635 11 and and CC 21781 2635 12 contrast contrast VB 21781 2635 13 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2635 14 with with IN 21781 2635 15 that that DT 21781 2635 16 of of IN 21781 2635 17 the the DT 21781 2635 18 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 2635 19 . . . 21781 2636 1 4 4 LS 21781 2636 2 . . . 21781 2637 1 Give give VB 21781 2637 2 an an DT 21781 2637 3 account account NN 21781 2637 4 of of IN 21781 2637 5 the the DT 21781 2637 6 structure structure NN 21781 2637 7 of of IN 21781 2637 8 the the DT 21781 2637 9 epidermis epidermis NN 21781 2637 10 and and CC 21781 2637 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2637 12 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 21781 2637 13 in in IN 21781 2637 14 the the DT 21781 2637 15 frog frog NN 21781 2637 16 and and CC 21781 2637 17 the the DT 21781 2637 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2637 19 . . . 21781 2638 1 5 5 CD 21781 2638 2 . . . 21781 2639 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2639 2 the the DT 21781 2639 3 organs organ NNS 21781 2639 4 of of IN 21781 2639 5 circulation circulation NN 21781 2639 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2639 7 heart heart NN 21781 2639 8 and and CC 21781 2639 9 main main JJ 21781 2639 10 arteries artery NNS 21781 2639 11 and and CC 21781 2639 12 veins vein NNS 21781 2639 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2639 14 and and CC 21781 2639 15 respiration respiration NN 21781 2639 16 in in IN 21781 2639 17 the the DT 21781 2639 18 frog frog NN 21781 2639 19 in in IN 21781 2639 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2639 21 mature mature JJ 21781 2639 22 and and CC 21781 2639 23 immature immature JJ 21781 2639 24 states state NNS 21781 2639 25 . . . 21781 2640 1 6 6 CD 21781 2640 2 . . . 21781 2641 1 Give give VB 21781 2641 2 a a DT 21781 2641 3 brief brief JJ 21781 2641 4 account account NN 21781 2641 5 of of IN 21781 2641 6 the the DT 21781 2641 7 physiology physiology NN 21781 2641 8 of of IN 21781 2641 9 respiration respiration NN 21781 2641 10 . . . 21781 2642 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2642 2 fully fully RB 21781 2642 3 the the DT 21781 2642 4 means mean NNS 21781 2642 5 by by IN 21781 2642 6 which which WDT 21781 2642 7 respiration respiration NN 21781 2642 8 is be VBZ 21781 2642 9 effected effect VBN 21781 2642 10 in in IN 21781 2642 11 the the DT 21781 2642 12 following follow VBG 21781 2642 13 animals:-- animals:-- : 21781 2642 14 frog frog NN 21781 2642 15 , , , 21781 2642 16 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2642 17 , , , 21781 2642 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2642 19 , , , 21781 2642 20 and and CC 21781 2642 21 dog dog NN 21781 2642 22 - - HYPH 21781 2642 23 fish fish NN 21781 2642 24 . . . 21781 2643 1 7 7 LS 21781 2643 2 . . . 21781 2644 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2644 2 the the DT 21781 2644 3 minute minute JJ 21781 2644 4 structure structure NN 21781 2644 5 of of IN 21781 2644 6 the the DT 21781 2644 7 blood blood NN 21781 2644 8 of of IN 21781 2644 9 the the DT 21781 2644 10 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2644 11 , , , 21781 2644 12 frog frog NN 21781 2644 13 , , , 21781 2644 14 and and CC 21781 2644 15 amphioxus amphioxus NN 21781 2644 16 . . . 21781 2645 1 8 8 LS 21781 2645 2 . . . 21781 2646 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2646 2 and and CC 21781 2646 3 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 2646 4 by by IN 21781 2646 5 means mean NNS 21781 2646 6 of of IN 21781 2646 7 sketches sketch NNS 21781 2646 8 the the DT 21781 2646 9 chief chief JJ 21781 2646 10 points point NNS 21781 2646 11 of of IN 21781 2646 12 difference difference NN 21781 2646 13 between between IN 21781 2646 14 the the DT 21781 2646 15 skeleton skeleton NN 21781 2646 16 of of IN 21781 2646 17 the the DT 21781 2646 18 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2646 19 as as IN 21781 2646 20 a a DT 21781 2646 21 typical typical JJ 21781 2646 22 mammal mammal NN 21781 2646 23 , , , 21781 2646 24 and and CC 21781 2646 25 that that DT 21781 2646 26 of of IN 21781 2646 27 the the DT 21781 2646 28 common common JJ 21781 2646 29 frog frog NN 21781 2646 30 as as IN 21781 2646 31 a a DT 21781 2646 32 typical typical JJ 21781 2646 33 amphibian amphibian NN 21781 2646 34 . . . 21781 2647 1 9 9 CD 21781 2647 2 . . . 21781 2648 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2648 2 a a LS 21781 2648 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2648 4 Explain explain VB 21781 2648 5 what what WP 21781 2648 6 is be VBZ 21781 2648 7 meant mean VBN 21781 2648 8 by by IN 21781 2648 9 the the DT 21781 2648 10 term term NN 21781 2648 11 " " `` 21781 2648 12 central central JJ 21781 2648 13 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2648 14 system system NN 21781 2648 15 . . . 21781 2648 16 " " '' 21781 2649 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2649 2 b b LS 21781 2649 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2649 4 Describe describe VB 21781 2649 5 the the DT 21781 2649 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 2649 7 elements element NNS 21781 2649 8 which which WDT 21781 2649 9 enter enter VBP 21781 2649 10 into into IN 21781 2649 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2649 12 composition composition NN 21781 2649 13 . . . 21781 2650 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2650 2 c c NN 21781 2650 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2650 4 Explain explain VB 21781 2650 5 , , , 21781 2650 6 as as RB 21781 2650 7 far far RB 21781 2650 8 as as IN 21781 2650 9 you -PRON- PRP 21781 2650 10 can can MD 21781 2650 11 , , , 21781 2650 12 the the DT 21781 2650 13 function function NN 21781 2650 14 of of IN 21781 2650 15 each each DT 21781 2650 16 structure structure NN 21781 2650 17 described describe VBN 21781 2650 18 . . . 21781 2651 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2651 2 d d LS 21781 2651 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2651 4 How how WRB 21781 2651 5 is be VBZ 21781 2651 6 the the DT 21781 2651 7 central central JJ 21781 2651 8 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2651 9 system system NN 21781 2651 10 developed develop VBN 21781 2651 11 in in IN 21781 2651 12 the the DT 21781 2651 13 frog frog NN 21781 2651 14 , , , 21781 2651 15 and and CC 21781 2651 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2651 17 e e NNP 21781 2651 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2651 19 in in IN 21781 2651 20 the the DT 21781 2651 21 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2651 22 ? ? . 21781 2652 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2652 2 f f LS 21781 2652 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2652 4 What what WP 21781 2652 5 conclusions conclusion NNS 21781 2652 6 may may MD 21781 2652 7 be be VB 21781 2652 8 drawn draw VBN 21781 2652 9 from from IN 21781 2652 10 the the DT 21781 2652 11 facts fact NNS 21781 2652 12 stated state VBN 21781 2652 13 as as IN 21781 2652 14 to to IN 21781 2652 15 the the DT 21781 2652 16 origin origin NN 21781 2652 17 of of IN 21781 2652 18 the the DT 21781 2652 19 central central JJ 21781 2652 20 nervous nervous JJ 21781 2652 21 system system NN 21781 2652 22 in in IN 21781 2652 23 evolution evolution NN 21781 2652 24 ? ? . 21781 2653 1 10 10 CD 21781 2653 2 . . . 21781 2654 1 Give give VB 21781 2654 2 an an DT 21781 2654 3 account account NN 21781 2654 4 of of IN 21781 2654 5 the the DT 21781 2654 6 structure structure NN 21781 2654 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2654 8 including include VBG 21781 2654 9 histology histology NN 21781 2654 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2654 11 and and CC 21781 2654 12 of of IN 21781 2654 13 the the DT 21781 2654 14 functions function NNS 21781 2654 15 of of IN 21781 2654 16 the the DT 21781 2654 17 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2654 18 cord cord NN 21781 2654 19 and and CC 21781 2654 20 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2654 21 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2654 22 of of IN 21781 2654 23 the the DT 21781 2654 24 frog frog NN 21781 2654 25 . . . 21781 2655 1 11 11 CD 21781 2655 2 . . . 21781 2656 1 Give give VB 21781 2656 2 a a DT 21781 2656 3 description description NN 21781 2656 4 of of IN 21781 2656 5 the the DT 21781 2656 6 minute minute NN 21781 2656 7 structure structure NN 21781 2656 8 and and CC 21781 2656 9 chemical chemical NN 21781 2656 10 characters character NNS 21781 2656 11 of of IN 21781 2656 12 the the DT 21781 2656 13 following follow VBG 21781 2656 14 tissues tissue NNS 21781 2656 15 as as IN 21781 2656 16 seen see VBN 21781 2656 17 in in IN 21781 2656 18 the the DT 21781 2656 19 frog:-- frog:-- NNP 21781 2656 20 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2656 21 , , , 21781 2656 22 bone bone NN 21781 2656 23 , , , 21781 2656 24 muscle muscle NN 21781 2656 25 . . . 21781 2657 1 From from IN 21781 2657 2 which which WDT 21781 2657 3 of of IN 21781 2657 4 the the DT 21781 2657 5 primary primary JJ 21781 2657 6 cell cell NN 21781 2657 7 - - HYPH 21781 2657 8 layers layer NNS 21781 2657 9 of of IN 21781 2657 10 the the DT 21781 2657 11 embryo embryo NN 21781 2657 12 are be VBP 21781 2657 13 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2657 14 respectively respectively RB 21781 2657 15 developed develop VBN 21781 2657 16 ? ? . 21781 2658 1 12 12 CD 21781 2658 2 . . . 21781 2659 1 What what WDT 21781 2659 2 substance substance NN 21781 2659 3 is be VBZ 21781 2659 4 excreted excrete VBN 21781 2659 5 by by IN 21781 2659 6 the the DT 21781 2659 7 renal renal JJ 21781 2659 8 organ organ NN 21781 2659 9 of of IN 21781 2659 10 a a DT 21781 2659 11 frog frog NN 21781 2659 12 , , , 21781 2659 13 and and CC 21781 2659 14 what what WDT 21781 2659 15 relation relation NN 21781 2659 16 does do VBZ 21781 2659 17 this this DT 21781 2659 18 substance substance NN 21781 2659 19 bear bear VB 21781 2659 20 to to IN 21781 2659 21 the the DT 21781 2659 22 general general JJ 21781 2659 23 life life NN 21781 2659 24 of of IN 21781 2659 25 the the DT 21781 2659 26 organism organism NN 21781 2659 27 ? ? . 21781 2660 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2660 2 the the DT 21781 2660 3 parts part NNS 21781 2660 4 by by IN 21781 2660 5 which which WDT 21781 2660 6 similar similar JJ 21781 2660 7 excretion excretion NN 21781 2660 8 is be VBZ 21781 2660 9 believed believe VBN 21781 2660 10 to to TO 21781 2660 11 be be VB 21781 2660 12 effected effect VBN 21781 2660 13 in in IN 21781 2660 14 amoeba amoeba NNP 21781 2660 15 , , , 21781 2660 16 hydra hydra NNP 21781 2660 17 , , , 21781 2660 18 earthworm earthworm NN 21781 2660 19 , , , 21781 2660 20 mussel mussel NNP 21781 2660 21 , , , 21781 2660 22 and and CC 21781 2660 23 lobster lobster NN 21781 2660 24 . . . 21781 2661 1 13 13 CD 21781 2661 2 . . . 21781 2662 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2662 2 , , , 21781 2662 3 with with IN 21781 2662 4 illustrative illustrative JJ 21781 2662 5 sketches sketch NNS 21781 2662 6 , , , 21781 2662 7 the the DT 21781 2662 8 structure structure NN 21781 2662 9 of of IN 21781 2662 10 the the DT 21781 2662 11 connective connective JJ 21781 2662 12 tissue tissue NN 21781 2662 13 , , , 21781 2662 14 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2662 15 , , , 21781 2662 16 and and CC 21781 2662 17 muscular muscular JJ 21781 2662 18 tissue tissue NN 21781 2662 19 of of IN 21781 2662 20 a a DT 21781 2662 21 frog frog NN 21781 2662 22 . . . 21781 2663 1 Also also RB 21781 2663 2 describe describe VB 21781 2663 3 the the DT 21781 2663 4 structure structure NN 21781 2663 5 of of IN 21781 2663 6 the the DT 21781 2663 7 muscular muscular JJ 21781 2663 8 tissue tissue NN 21781 2663 9 of of IN 21781 2663 10 the the DT 21781 2663 11 lobster lobster NN 21781 2663 12 and and CC 21781 2663 13 snail snail NN 21781 2663 14 . . . 21781 2664 1 14 14 CD 21781 2664 2 . . . 21781 2665 1 Give give VB 21781 2665 2 in in IN 21781 2665 3 account account NN 21781 2665 4 of of IN 21781 2665 5 the the DT 21781 2665 6 more more RBR 21781 2665 7 important important JJ 21781 2665 8 features feature NNS 21781 2665 9 in in IN 21781 2665 10 the the DT 21781 2665 11 development development NN 21781 2665 12 of of IN 21781 2665 13 the the DT 21781 2665 14 frog frog NN 21781 2665 15 . . . 21781 2666 1 15 15 CD 21781 2666 2 . . . 21781 2667 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2667 2 and and CC 21781 2667 3 compare compare VB 21781 2667 4 the the DT 21781 2667 5 structure structure NN 21781 2667 6 of of IN 21781 2667 7 the the DT 21781 2667 8 renal renal JJ 21781 2667 9 organs organ NNS 21781 2667 10 in in IN 21781 2667 11 a a DT 21781 2667 12 frog frog NN 21781 2667 13 and and CC 21781 2667 14 a a DT 21781 2667 15 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2667 16 . . . 21781 2668 1 16 16 CD 21781 2668 2 . . . 21781 2669 1 Give give VB 21781 2669 2 an an DT 21781 2669 3 account account NN 21781 2669 4 of of IN 21781 2669 5 the the DT 21781 2669 6 structure structure NN 21781 2669 7 of of IN 21781 2669 8 the the DT 21781 2669 9 genito genito JJ 21781 2669 10 - - HYPH 21781 2669 11 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2669 12 organs organ NNS 21781 2669 13 of of IN 21781 2669 14 the the DT 21781 2669 15 frog frog NN 21781 2669 16 . . . 21781 2670 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2670 2 these these DT 21781 2670 3 organs organ NNS 21781 2670 4 of of IN 21781 2670 5 the the DT 21781 2670 6 frog frog NN 21781 2670 7 with with IN 21781 2670 8 those those DT 21781 2670 9 of of IN 21781 2670 10 the the DT 21781 2670 11 dog dog NN 21781 2670 12 - - HYPH 21781 2670 13 fish fish NN 21781 2670 14 and and CC 21781 2670 15 of of IN 21781 2670 16 the the DT 21781 2670 17 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2670 18 . . . 21781 2671 1 Distinguish distinguish VB 21781 2671 2 in in IN 21781 2671 3 each each DT 21781 2671 4 case case NN 21781 2671 5 the the DT 21781 2671 6 conditions condition NNS 21781 2671 7 of of IN 21781 2671 8 the the DT 21781 2671 9 two two CD 21781 2671 10 sexes sex NNS 21781 2671 11 , , , 21781 2671 12 and and CC 21781 2671 13 describe describe VB 21781 2671 14 briefly briefly RB 21781 2671 15 the the DT 21781 2671 16 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 2671 17 structure structure NN 21781 2671 18 and and CC 21781 2671 19 development development NN 21781 2671 20 of of IN 21781 2671 21 the the DT 21781 2671 22 ova ova NNP 21781 2671 23 and and CC 21781 2671 24 of of IN 21781 2671 25 the the DT 21781 2671 26 spermatozoa spermatozoa NN 21781 2671 27 . . . 21781 2672 1 17 17 CD 21781 2672 2 . . . 21781 2673 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2673 2 , , , 21781 2673 3 with with IN 21781 2673 4 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2673 5 , , , 21781 2673 6 the the DT 21781 2673 7 arrangement arrangement NN 21781 2673 8 of of IN 21781 2673 9 the the DT 21781 2673 10 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2673 11 and and CC 21781 2673 12 generative generative JJ 21781 2673 13 organs organ NNS 21781 2673 14 in in IN 21781 2673 15 the the DT 21781 2673 16 male male NN 21781 2673 17 of of IN 21781 2673 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2673 19 a a LS 21781 2673 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2673 21 the the DT 21781 2673 22 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2673 23 , , , 21781 2673 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2673 25 b b LS 21781 2673 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2673 27 the the DT 21781 2673 28 dog dog NN 21781 2673 29 - - HYPH 21781 2673 30 fish fish NN 21781 2673 31 , , , 21781 2673 32 and and CC 21781 2673 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2673 34 c c NN 21781 2673 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2673 36 the the DT 21781 2673 37 frog frog NN 21781 2673 38 ; ; , 21781 2673 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2673 40 d d NN 21781 2673 41 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2673 42 point point VBP 21781 2673 43 out out RP 21781 2673 44 the the DT 21781 2673 45 most most RBS 21781 2673 46 important important JJ 21781 2673 47 differences difference NNS 21781 2673 48 between between IN 21781 2673 49 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2673 50 . . . 21781 2674 1 18 18 CD 21781 2674 2 . . . 21781 2675 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2675 2 a a LS 21781 2675 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2675 4 Describe describe VB 21781 2675 5 the the DT 21781 2675 6 structure structure NN 21781 2675 7 of of IN 21781 2675 8 the the DT 21781 2675 9 ovarian ovarian JJ 21781 2675 10 egg egg NN 21781 2675 11 of of IN 21781 2675 12 the the DT 21781 2675 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2675 14 , , , 21781 2675 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2675 16 b b NN 21781 2675 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2675 18 and and CC 21781 2675 19 of of IN 21781 2675 20 the the DT 21781 2675 21 pigeon pigeon NN 21781 2675 22 , , , 21781 2675 23 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2675 24 c c NN 21781 2675 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2675 26 and and CC 21781 2675 27 of of IN 21781 2675 28 the the DT 21781 2675 29 frog frog NN 21781 2675 30 ; ; , 21781 2675 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2675 32 d d LS 21781 2675 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2675 34 from from IN 21781 2675 35 what what WDT 21781 2675 36 part part NN 21781 2675 37 of of IN 21781 2675 38 the the DT 21781 2675 39 embryo embryo NN 21781 2675 40 do do VBP 21781 2675 41 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2675 42 originate originate VB 21781 2675 43 ? ? . 21781 2676 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2676 2 e e LS 21781 2676 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2676 4 What what WP 21781 2676 5 is be VBZ 21781 2676 6 the the DT 21781 2676 7 structure structure NN 21781 2676 8 and and CC 21781 2676 9 origin origin NN 21781 2676 10 of of IN 21781 2676 11 the the DT 21781 2676 12 ovarian ovarian JJ 21781 2676 13 follicle follicle NN 21781 2676 14 in in IN 21781 2676 15 the the DT 21781 2676 16 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2676 17 , , , 21781 2676 18 and and CC 21781 2676 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2676 20 f f NN 21781 2676 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2676 22 of of IN 21781 2676 23 the the DT 21781 2676 24 ovarian ovarian JJ 21781 2676 25 stroma stroma NN 21781 2676 26 ? ? . 21781 2677 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2677 2 g g NNP 21781 2677 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2677 4 What what WP 21781 2677 5 is be VBZ 21781 2677 6 the the DT 21781 2677 7 " " `` 21781 2677 8 granulosa granulosa NNS 21781 2677 9 " " '' 21781 2677 10 and and CC 21781 2677 11 what what WP 21781 2677 12 the the DT 21781 2677 13 " " `` 21781 2677 14 zona zona NNP 21781 2677 15 pellucida pellucida NN 21781 2677 16 " " '' 21781 2677 17 ? ? . 21781 2678 1 19 19 CD 21781 2678 2 . . . 21781 2679 1 Describe describe VB 21781 2679 2 the the DT 21781 2679 3 pre pre JJ 21781 2679 4 - - NN 21781 2679 5 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 2679 6 changes change NNS 21781 2679 7 , , , 21781 2679 8 mode mode NN 21781 2679 9 of of IN 21781 2679 10 impregnation impregnation NN 21781 2679 11 , , , 21781 2679 12 and and CC 21781 2679 13 early early JJ 21781 2679 14 stages stage NNS 21781 2679 15 of of IN 21781 2679 16 development development NN 21781 2679 17 in in IN 21781 2679 18 the the DT 21781 2679 19 ovum ovum NN 21781 2679 20 of of IN 21781 2679 21 the the DT 21781 2679 22 frog frog NN 21781 2679 23 , , , 21781 2679 24 as as RB 21781 2679 25 far far RB 21781 2679 26 as as IN 21781 2679 27 the the DT 21781 2679 28 closure closure NN 21781 2679 29 of of IN 21781 2679 30 the the DT 21781 2679 31 neural neural JJ 21781 2679 32 canal canal NN 21781 2679 33 . . . 21781 2680 1 20 20 CD 21781 2680 2 . . . 21781 2681 1 Illustrate illustrate VB 21781 2681 2 , , , 21781 2681 3 with with IN 21781 2681 4 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2681 5 , , , 21781 2681 6 from from IN 21781 2681 7 the the DT 21781 2681 8 structure structure NN 21781 2681 9 of of IN 21781 2681 10 typical typical JJ 21781 2681 11 organisms organism NNS 21781 2681 12 , , , 21781 2681 13 the the DT 21781 2681 14 principle principle NN 21781 2681 15 of of IN 21781 2681 16 repetition repetition NN 21781 2681 17 of of IN 21781 2681 18 similar similar JJ 21781 2681 19 parts part NNS 21781 2681 20 . . . 21781 2682 1 -Note -Note VBD 21781 2682 2 on on RP 21781 2682 3 Making make VBG 21781 2682 4 Comparisons Comparisons NNP 21781 2682 5 _ _ NNP 21781 2682 6 Students Students NNPS 21781 2682 7 preparing prepare VBG 21781 2682 8 for for IN 21781 2682 9 examinations examination NNS 21781 2682 10 are be VBP 21781 2682 11 frequently frequently RB 21781 2682 12 troubled trouble VBN 21781 2682 13 by by IN 21781 2682 14 " " `` 21781 2682 15 comparison comparison NN 21781 2682 16 " " '' 21781 2682 17 questions question NNS 21781 2682 18 . . . 21781 2683 1 Tabulation tabulation NN 21781 2683 2 is be VBZ 21781 2683 3 often often RB 21781 2683 4 recommended recommend VBN 21781 2683 5 , , , 21781 2683 6 but but CC 21781 2683 7 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2683 8 are be VBP 21781 2683 9 inclined inclined JJ 21781 2683 10 to to TO 21781 2683 11 favour favour VB 21781 2683 12 a a DT 21781 2683 13 rather rather RB 21781 2683 14 more more RBR 21781 2683 15 flexible flexible JJ 21781 2683 16 plan plan NN 21781 2683 17 of of IN 21781 2683 18 marking mark VBG 21781 2683 19 off off RP 21781 2683 20 differences difference NNS 21781 2683 21 and and CC 21781 2683 22 resemblances resemblance NNS 21781 2683 23 . . . 21781 2684 1 In in IN 21781 2684 2 tabulation tabulation NN 21781 2684 3 a a DT 21781 2684 4 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2684 5 loss loss NN 21781 2684 6 of of IN 21781 2684 7 time time NN 21781 2684 8 is be VBZ 21781 2684 9 occasioned occasion VBN 21781 2684 10 by by IN 21781 2684 11 writing write VBG 21781 2684 12 down down RP 21781 2684 13 the the DT 21781 2684 14 features feature NNS 21781 2684 15 of of IN 21781 2684 16 both both PDT 21781 2684 17 the the DT 21781 2684 18 things thing NNS 21781 2684 19 compared compare VBN 21781 2684 20 , , , 21781 2684 21 and and CC 21781 2684 22 this this DT 21781 2684 23 is be VBZ 21781 2684 24 a a DT 21781 2684 25 serious serious JJ 21781 2684 26 consideration consideration NN 21781 2684 27 for for IN 21781 2684 28 the the DT 21781 2684 29 examinee examinee NN 21781 2684 30 . . . 21781 2685 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2685 2 advise advise VBP 21781 2685 3 him -PRON- PRP 21781 2685 4 therefore therefore RB 21781 2685 5 , , , 21781 2685 6 first first RB 21781 2685 7 , , , 21781 2685 8 if if IN 21781 2685 9 he -PRON- PRP 21781 2685 10 possibly possibly RB 21781 2685 11 can can MD 21781 2685 12 , , , 21781 2685 13 to to TO 21781 2685 14 draw draw VB 21781 2685 15 side side NN 21781 2685 16 by by IN 21781 2685 17 side side NN 21781 2685 18 and and CC 21781 2685 19 in in IN 21781 2685 20 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 2685 21 positions position NNS 21781 2685 22 the the DT 21781 2685 23 two two CD 21781 2685 24 things thing NNS 21781 2685 25 under under IN 21781 2685 26 consideration consideration NN 21781 2685 27 , , , 21781 2685 28 and and CC 21781 2685 29 then then RB 21781 2685 30 , , , 21781 2685 31 going go VBG 21781 2685 32 over over IN 21781 2685 33 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2685 34 in in IN 21781 2685 35 a a DT 21781 2685 36 methodical methodical JJ 21781 2685 37 way way NN 21781 2685 38 , , , 21781 2685 39 to to TO 21781 2685 40 state state VB 21781 2685 41 simply simply RB 21781 2685 42 the the DT 21781 2685 43 difference difference NN 21781 2685 44 between between IN 21781 2685 45 each each DT 21781 2685 46 homologous homologous JJ 21781 2685 47 part part NN 21781 2685 48 . . . 21781 2686 1 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2686 2 append append VBP 21781 2686 3 as as IN 21781 2686 4 examples example NNS 21781 2686 5 three three CD 21781 2686 6 test test NN 21781 2686 7 answers answer NNS 21781 2686 8 actually actually RB 21781 2686 9 submitted submit VBN 21781 2686 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2686 11 with with IN 21781 2686 12 figures figure NNS 21781 2686 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2686 14 in in IN 21781 2686 15 " " `` 21781 2686 16 Correspondence Correspondence NNP 21781 2686 17 " " '' 21781 2686 18 work:-- work:-- NNP 21781 2686 19 1 1 CD 21781 2686 20 . . . 21781 2687 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2687 2 the the DT 21781 2687 3 brain brain NN 21781 2687 4 of of IN 21781 2687 5 the the DT 21781 2687 6 frog frog NN 21781 2687 7 with with IN 21781 2687 8 that that DT 21781 2687 9 of of IN 21781 2687 10 the the DT 21781 2687 11 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2687 12 . . . 21781 2688 1 In in IN 21781 2688 2 the the DT 21781 2688 3 frog frog NN 21781 2688 4 's 's POS 21781 2688 5 fore fore NN 21781 2688 6 - - HYPH 21781 2688 7 brain-- brain-- NNP 21781 2688 8 The the DT 21781 2688 9 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 2688 10 lobes lobe NNS 21781 2688 11 are be VBP 21781 2688 12 fused fuse VBN 21781 2688 13 in in IN 21781 2688 14 the the DT 21781 2688 15 middle middle JJ 21781 2688 16 line line NN 21781 2688 17 . . . 21781 2689 1 There there EX 21781 2689 2 is be VBZ 21781 2689 3 no no DT 21781 2689 4 corpus corpus NNP 21781 2689 5 callosum callosum NN 21781 2689 6 , , , 21781 2689 7 nor nor CC 21781 2689 8 is be VBZ 21781 2689 9 there there EX 21781 2689 10 a a DT 21781 2689 11 middle middle JJ 21781 2689 12 commissure commissure NN 21781 2689 13 to to IN 21781 2689 14 the the DT 21781 2689 15 third third JJ 21781 2689 16 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 2689 17 . . . 21781 2690 1 The the DT 21781 2690 2 cerebral cerebral JJ 21781 2690 3 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 2690 4 are be VBP 21781 2690 5 not not RB 21781 2690 6 convoluted convoluted JJ 21781 2690 7 , , , 21781 2690 8 and and CC 21781 2690 9 , , , 21781 2690 10 looked look VBD 21781 2690 11 at at IN 21781 2690 12 from from IN 21781 2690 13 the the DT 21781 2690 14 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2690 15 aspect aspect NN 21781 2690 16 , , , 21781 2690 17 do do VB 21781 2690 18 not not RB 21781 2690 19 hide hide VB 21781 2690 20 the the DT 21781 2690 21 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NN 21781 2690 22 and and CC 21781 2690 23 mid mid NN 21781 2690 24 - - NN 21781 2690 25 brain brain NN 21781 2690 26 . . . 21781 2691 1 The the DT 21781 2691 2 pineal pineal NN 21781 2691 3 gland gland NN 21781 2691 4 lies lie VBZ 21781 2691 5 in in IN 21781 2691 6 the the DT 21781 2691 7 cranial cranial JJ 21781 2691 8 wall wall NN 21781 2691 9 and and CC 21781 2691 10 not not RB 21781 2691 11 deeply deeply RB 21781 2691 12 between between IN 21781 2691 13 the the DT 21781 2691 14 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 2691 15 , , , 21781 2691 16 and and CC 21781 2691 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2691 18 stalk stalk NN 21781 2691 19 is be VBZ 21781 2691 20 longer long JJR 21781 2691 21 and and CC 21781 2691 22 tilts tilt NNS 21781 2691 23 forward forward RB 21781 2691 24 . . . 21781 2692 1 In in IN 21781 2692 2 the the DT 21781 2692 3 mid mid JJ 21781 2692 4 - - JJ 21781 2692 5 brain-- brain-- JJ 21781 2692 6 The the DT 21781 2692 7 optic optic JJ 21781 2692 8 lobes lobe NNS 21781 2692 9 are be VBP 21781 2692 10 two two CD 21781 2692 11 , , , 21781 2692 12 instead instead RB 21781 2692 13 of of IN 21781 2692 14 being be VBG 21781 2692 15 corpora corpora NNP 21781 2692 16 quadrigemina quadrigemina NNP 21781 2692 17 , , , 21781 2692 18 and and CC 21781 2692 19 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2692 20 . . . 21781 2693 1 In in IN 21781 2693 2 the the DT 21781 2693 3 hind hind NN 21781 2693 4 - - HYPH 21781 2693 5 brain-- brain-- NN 21781 2693 6 The the DT 21781 2693 7 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 2693 8 is be VBZ 21781 2693 9 a a DT 21781 2693 10 very very RB 21781 2693 11 small small JJ 21781 2693 12 transverse transverse JJ 21781 2693 13 band band NN 21781 2693 14 , , , 21781 2693 15 and and CC 21781 2693 16 has have VBZ 21781 2693 17 no no DT 21781 2693 18 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2693 19 parts part NNS 21781 2693 20 . . . 21781 2694 1 The the DT 21781 2694 2 medulla medulla NN 21781 2694 3 is be VBZ 21781 2694 4 relatively relatively RB 21781 2694 5 larger large JJR 21781 2694 6 . . . 21781 2695 1 There there EX 21781 2695 2 are be VBP 21781 2695 3 no no DT 21781 2695 4 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2695 5 accessory accessory NN 21781 2695 6 nor nor CC 21781 2695 7 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 2695 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2695 9 to to IN 21781 2695 10 the the DT 21781 2695 11 brain brain NN 21781 2695 12 . . . 21781 2696 1 2 2 LS 21781 2696 2 . . . 21781 2697 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2697 2 the the DT 21781 2697 3 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 2697 4 of of IN 21781 2697 5 dog dog NN 21781 2697 6 - - HYPH 21781 2697 7 fish fish NN 21781 2697 8 , , , 21781 2697 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2697 10 , , , 21781 2697 11 and and CC 21781 2697 12 frog frog NN 21781 2697 13 . . . 21781 2698 1 The the DT 21781 2698 2 centra centra NN 21781 2698 3 of of IN 21781 2698 4 the the DT 21781 2698 5 dog dog NN 21781 2698 6 - - HYPH 21781 2698 7 fish fish NN 21781 2698 8 are be VBP 21781 2698 9 -opistho- -opistho- NN 21781 2698 10 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2698 11 amphi]-coelous amphi]-coelous NN 21781 2698 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2698 13 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 2698 14 , , , 21781 2698 15 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2698 16 at at IN 21781 2698 17 either either DT 21781 2698 18 end end NN 21781 2698 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2698 20 . . . 21781 2699 1 The the DT 21781 2699 2 centra centra NN 21781 2699 3 of of IN 21781 2699 4 the the DT 21781 2699 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2699 6 are be VBP 21781 2699 7 flat flat RB 21781 2699 8 - - HYPH 21781 2699 9 faced faced JJ 21781 2699 10 . . . 21781 2700 1 The the DT 21781 2700 2 centra centra NN 21781 2700 3 of of IN 21781 2700 4 the the DT 21781 2700 5 frog frog NN 21781 2700 6 are be VBP 21781 2700 7 procoelous procoelous JJ 21781 2700 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2700 9 hollow hollow JJ 21781 2700 10 in in IN 21781 2700 11 front front NN 21781 2700 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2700 13 . . . 21781 2701 1 The the DT 21781 2701 2 notochord notochord NN 21781 2701 3 persists persist VBZ 21781 2701 4 between between IN 21781 2701 5 the the DT 21781 2701 6 centra centra NN 21781 2701 7 in in IN 21781 2701 8 the the DT 21781 2701 9 dog dog NN 21781 2701 10 - - HYPH 21781 2701 11 fish fish NN 21781 2701 12 and and CC 21781 2701 13 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2701 14 , , , 21781 2701 15 within within IN 21781 2701 16 the the DT 21781 2701 17 centra centra NNP 21781 2701 18 in in IN 21781 2701 19 frog frog NNP 21781 2701 20 . . . 21781 2702 1 The the DT 21781 2702 2 centra centra NN 21781 2702 3 of of IN 21781 2702 4 the the DT 21781 2702 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2702 6 have have VBP 21781 2702 7 epiphyses epiphysis NNS 21781 2702 8 , , , 21781 2702 9 absent absent JJ 21781 2702 10 in in IN 21781 2702 11 the the DT 21781 2702 12 dogfish dogfish NN 21781 2702 13 and and CC 21781 2702 14 frog frog NN 21781 2702 15 . . . 21781 2703 1 The the DT 21781 2703 2 transverse transverse JJ 21781 2703 3 processes process NNS 21781 2703 4 of of IN 21781 2703 5 the the DT 21781 2703 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2703 7 typically typically RB 21781 2703 8 bear bear VBP 21781 2703 9 ribs rib NNS 21781 2703 10 . . . 21781 2704 1 Short short JJ 21781 2704 2 ribs rib NNS 21781 2704 3 occur occur VBP 21781 2704 4 in in IN 21781 2704 5 the the DT 21781 2704 6 dog dog NN 21781 2704 7 - - HYPH 21781 2704 8 fish fish NN 21781 2704 9 , , , 21781 2704 10 but but CC 21781 2704 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2704 12 homology homology NN 21781 2704 13 with with IN 21781 2704 14 those those DT 21781 2704 15 of of IN 21781 2704 16 the the DT 21781 2704 17 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2704 18 is be VBZ 21781 2704 19 doubtful doubtful JJ 21781 2704 20 . . . 21781 2705 1 The the DT 21781 2705 2 frog frog NN 21781 2705 3 has have VBZ 21781 2705 4 no no DT 21781 2705 5 ribs rib NNS 21781 2705 6 . . . 21781 2706 1 The the DT 21781 2706 2 interneural interneural JJ 21781 2706 3 plates plate NNS 21781 2706 4 are be VBP 21781 2706 5 peculiar peculiar JJ 21781 2706 6 to to IN 21781 2706 7 the the DT 21781 2706 8 dog dog NN 21781 2706 9 - - HYPH 21781 2706 10 fish fish NN 21781 2706 11 in in IN 21781 2706 12 this this DT 21781 2706 13 comparison comparison NN 21781 2706 14 . . . 21781 2707 1 3 3 LS 21781 2707 2 . . . 21781 2708 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2708 2 the the DT 21781 2708 3 skull skull NN 21781 2708 4 of of IN 21781 2708 5 the the DT 21781 2708 6 dog dog NN 21781 2708 7 with with IN 21781 2708 8 that that DT 21781 2708 9 of of IN 21781 2708 10 the the DT 21781 2708 11 frog frog NN 21781 2708 12 . . . 21781 2709 1 The the DT 21781 2709 2 Brain Brain NNP 21781 2709 3 Case-- Case-- NNP 21781 2709 4 Of of IN 21781 2709 5 the the DT 21781 2709 6 frog frog NN 21781 2709 7 is be VBZ 21781 2709 8 a a DT 21781 2709 9 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 21781 2709 10 box box NN 21781 2709 11 , , , 21781 2709 12 from from IN 21781 2709 13 which which WDT 21781 2709 14 the the DT 21781 2709 15 otic otic JJ 21781 2709 16 capsules capsule NNS 21781 2709 17 project project NN 21781 2709 18 conspicuously conspicuously RB 21781 2709 19 on on IN 21781 2709 20 either either DT 21781 2709 21 side side NN 21781 2709 22 . . . 21781 2710 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2710 2 contains contain VBZ 21781 2710 3 only only RB 21781 2710 4 two two CD 21781 2710 5 ossifications ossification NNS 21781 2710 6 in in IN 21781 2710 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2710 8 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2710 9 substance substance NN 21781 2710 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2710 11 the the DT 21781 2710 12 sphen sphen NN 21781 2710 13 - - HYPH 21781 2710 14 ethmoid ethmoid NN 21781 2710 15 and and CC 21781 2710 16 the the DT 21781 2710 17 ex ex NN 21781 2710 18 - - NN 21781 2710 19 occipital occipital JJ 21781 2710 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2710 21 , , , 21781 2710 22 being be VBG 21781 2710 23 protected protect VBN 21781 2710 24 by by IN 21781 2710 25 the the DT 21781 2710 26 membrane membrane NN 21781 2710 27 bones bone NNS 21781 2710 28 , , , 21781 2710 29 the the DT 21781 2710 30 parieto parieto NN 21781 2710 31 - - HYPH 21781 2710 32 frontals frontal NNS 21781 2710 33 above above IN 21781 2710 34 and and CC 21781 2710 35 the the DT 21781 2710 36 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 21781 2710 37 below below RB 21781 2710 38 . . . 21781 2711 1 In in IN 21781 2711 2 the the DT 21781 2711 3 mammal mammal NN 21781 2711 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2711 5 is be VBZ 21781 2711 6 enormously enormously RB 21781 2711 7 inflated inflate VBN 21781 2711 8 , , , 21781 2711 9 and and CC 21781 2711 10 the the DT 21781 2711 11 otic otic JJ 21781 2711 12 capsules capsule NNS 21781 2711 13 are be VBP 21781 2711 14 imbedded imbed VBN 21781 2711 15 in in IN 21781 2711 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2711 17 wall wall NN 21781 2711 18 . . . 21781 2712 1 There there EX 21781 2712 2 are be VBP 21781 2712 3 supra- supra- JJ 21781 2712 4 and and CC 21781 2712 5 basi- basi- XX 21781 2712 6 as as RB 21781 2712 7 well well RB 21781 2712 8 as as IN 21781 2712 9 ex ex JJ 21781 2712 10 - - JJ 21781 2712 11 occipital occipital JJ 21781 2712 12 bones bone NNS 21781 2712 13 ; ; : 21781 2712 14 the the DT 21781 2712 15 para para NN 21781 2712 16 - - HYPH 21781 2712 17 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 2712 18 is be VBZ 21781 2712 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2712 20 ? ? . 21781 2713 1 entirely entirely RB 21781 2713 2 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2713 3 gone go VBN 21781 2713 4 , , , 21781 2713 5 and and CC 21781 2713 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2713 7 place place NN 21781 2713 8 is be VBZ 21781 2713 9 taken take VBN 21781 2713 10 by by IN 21781 2713 11 the the DT 21781 2713 12 basi- basi- NN 21781 2713 13 and and CC 21781 2713 14 pre pre NN 21781 2713 15 - - NNS 21781 2713 16 sphenoids sphenoid NNS 21781 2713 17 , , , 21781 2713 18 and and CC 21781 2713 19 the the DT 21781 2713 20 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2713 21 walls wall NNS 21781 2713 22 contain contain VBP 21781 2713 23 fresh fresh JJ 21781 2713 24 paired pair VBN 21781 2713 25 ossifications ossification NNS 21781 2713 26 , , , 21781 2713 27 the the DT 21781 2713 28 ali- ali- NN 21781 2713 29 and and CC 21781 2713 30 orbito orbito NNP 21781 2713 31 - - : 21781 2713 32 sphenoids-- sphenoids-- JJ 21781 2713 33 all all DT 21781 2713 34 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2713 35 bones bone NNS 21781 2713 36 . . . 21781 2714 1 The the DT 21781 2714 2 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 21781 2714 3 is be VBZ 21781 2714 4 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 2714 5 represented represent VBN 21781 2714 6 in in IN 21781 2714 7 part part NN 21781 2714 8 by by IN 21781 2714 9 the the DT 21781 2714 10 ethmoid ethmoid NN 21781 2714 11 . . . 21781 2715 1 As as IN 21781 2715 2 a a DT 21781 2715 3 result result NN 21781 2715 4 of of IN 21781 2715 5 the the DT 21781 2715 6 inflation inflation NN 21781 2715 7 of of IN 21781 2715 8 the the DT 21781 2715 9 brain brain NN 21781 2715 10 - - HYPH 21781 2715 11 case case NN 21781 2715 12 , , , 21781 2715 13 the the DT 21781 2715 14 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 2715 15 , , , 21781 2715 16 which which WDT 21781 2715 17 slopes slope VBZ 21781 2715 18 downward downward RB 21781 2715 19 and and CC 21781 2715 20 outward outward RB 21781 2715 21 in in IN 21781 2715 22 the the DT 21781 2715 23 frog frog NN 21781 2715 24 , , , 21781 2715 25 and and CC 21781 2715 26 overlies overlie VBZ 21781 2715 27 the the DT 21781 2715 28 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 2715 29 suspensorium suspensorium NN 21781 2715 30 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2715 31 quadrate quadrate NNP 21781 2715 32 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2715 33 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2715 34 , , , 21781 2715 35 has have VBZ 21781 2715 36 become become VBN 21781 2715 37 a a DT 21781 2715 38 constituent constituent NN 21781 2715 39 of of IN 21781 2715 40 the the DT 21781 2715 41 brain brain NN 21781 2715 42 - - HYPH 21781 2715 43 case case NN 21781 2715 44 wall wall NN 21781 2715 45 , , , 21781 2715 46 and and CC 21781 2715 47 slopes slope VBZ 21781 2715 48 downwardly downwardly RB 21781 2715 49 and and CC 21781 2715 50 in in RB 21781 2715 51 . . . 21781 2716 1 Jaw Jaw NNP 21781 2716 2 Suspension-- suspension-- NN 21781 2716 3 The the DT 21781 2716 4 point point NN 21781 2716 5 of of IN 21781 2716 6 attachment attachment NN 21781 2716 7 of of IN 21781 2716 8 the the DT 21781 2716 9 jaw jaw NN 21781 2716 10 has have VBZ 21781 2716 11 shifted shift VBN 21781 2716 12 outward outward RB 21781 2716 13 , , , 21781 2716 14 and and CC 21781 2716 15 the the DT 21781 2716 16 original original JJ 21781 2716 17 suspensorial suspensorial JJ 21781 2716 18 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2716 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2716 20 the the DT 21781 2716 21 quadrate quadrate NN 21781 2716 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2716 23 has have VBZ 21781 2716 24 taken take VBN 21781 2716 25 on on RP 21781 2716 26 a a DT 21781 2716 27 new new JJ 21781 2716 28 and and CC 21781 2716 29 minor minor JJ 21781 2716 30 function function NN 21781 2716 31 as as IN 21781 2716 32 the the DT 21781 2716 33 incus incus NN 21781 2716 34 of of IN 21781 2716 35 the the DT 21781 2716 36 middle middle NNP 21781 2716 37 ear-- ear-- NNP 21781 2716 38 the the DT 21781 2716 39 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 2716 40 superseding supersede VBG 21781 2716 41 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2716 42 as as IN 21781 2716 43 the the DT 21781 2716 44 suspensory suspensory JJ 21781 2716 45 part part NN 21781 2716 46 . . . 21781 2717 1 Lower lower RBR 21781 2717 2 Jaw-- jaw-- CD 21781 2717 3 Distinct distinct JJ 21781 2717 4 bones bone NNS 21781 2717 5 in in IN 21781 2717 6 the the DT 21781 2717 7 frog frog NN 21781 2717 8 ; ; : 21781 2717 9 one one CD 21781 2717 10 mass mass NN 21781 2717 11 in in IN 21781 2717 12 the the DT 21781 2717 13 dog dog NN 21781 2717 14 . . . 21781 2718 1 Otic otic JJ 21781 2718 2 Capsule-- Capsule-- NNP 21781 2718 3 Position position NN 21781 2718 4 as as IN 21781 2718 5 specified specify VBN 21781 2718 6 . . . 21781 2719 1 One one CD 21781 2719 2 centre centre NN 21781 2719 3 of of IN 21781 2719 4 ossification ossification NN 21781 2719 5 in in IN 21781 2719 6 the the DT 21781 2719 7 frog frog NN 21781 2719 8 forming form VBG 21781 2719 9 pro pro JJ 21781 2719 10 - - JJ 21781 2719 11 otic otic JJ 21781 2719 12 ; ; : 21781 2719 13 several several JJ 21781 2719 14 fuse fuse NN 21781 2719 15 together together RB 21781 2719 16 and and CC 21781 2719 17 form form VB 21781 2719 18 periotic periotic JJ 21781 2719 19 of of IN 21781 2719 20 the the DT 21781 2719 21 dog dog NN 21781 2719 22 . . . 21781 2720 1 There there EX 21781 2720 2 is be VBZ 21781 2720 3 no no DT 21781 2720 4 bulla bulla NN 21781 2720 5 and and CC 21781 2720 6 no no DT 21781 2720 7 external external JJ 21781 2720 8 ear ear NN 21781 2720 9 in in IN 21781 2720 10 the the DT 21781 2720 11 frog frog NN 21781 2720 12 . . . 21781 2721 1 Palate-- Palate-- NNP 21781 2721 2 In in IN 21781 2721 3 the the DT 21781 2721 4 frog frog NN 21781 2721 5 the the DT 21781 2721 6 posterior posterior NN 21781 2721 7 nares nare VBZ 21781 2721 8 open open JJ 21781 2721 9 into into IN 21781 2721 10 the the DT 21781 2721 11 front front NN 21781 2721 12 of of IN 21781 2721 13 the the DT 21781 2721 14 mouth mouth NN 21781 2721 15 . . . 21781 2722 1 In in IN 21781 2722 2 the the DT 21781 2722 3 dog dog NN 21781 2722 4 the the DT 21781 2722 5 maxillae maxilla NNS 21781 2722 6 and and CC 21781 2722 7 palatines palatine NNS 21781 2722 8 send send VBP 21781 2722 9 plates plate NNS 21781 2722 10 down down RB 21781 2722 11 and and CC 21781 2722 12 in in IN 21781 2722 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2722 14 the the DT 21781 2722 15 palatine palatine NN 21781 2722 16 plates plate NNS 21781 2722 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2722 18 to to TO 21781 2722 19 cut cut VB 21781 2722 20 off off RP 21781 2722 21 a a DT 21781 2722 22 nasal nasal NN 21781 2722 23 passage passage NN 21781 2722 24 from from IN 21781 2722 25 the the DT 21781 2722 26 rest rest NN 21781 2722 27 of of IN 21781 2722 28 the the DT 21781 2722 29 buccal buccal JJ 21781 2722 30 chamber chamber NN 21781 2722 31 , , , 21781 2722 32 and and CC 21781 2722 33 carry carry VB 21781 2722 34 the the DT 21781 2722 35 posterior posterior NN 21781 2722 36 nares nare VBZ 21781 2722 37 back back RB 21781 2722 38 to to IN 21781 2722 39 the the DT 21781 2722 40 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2722 41 , , , 21781 2722 42 thus thus RB 21781 2722 43 cutting cut VBG 21781 2722 44 the the DT 21781 2722 45 vomers vomer NNS 21781 2722 46 off off RP 21781 2722 47 from from IN 21781 2722 48 the the DT 21781 2722 49 mouth mouth NNP 21781 2722 50 roof roof NNP 21781 2722 51 . . . 21781 2723 1 The the DT 21781 2723 2 pterygoids pterygoid NNS 21781 2723 3 in in IN 21781 2723 4 the the DT 21781 2723 5 dog dog NN 21781 2723 6 are be VBP 21781 2723 7 much much RB 21781 2723 8 reduced reduce VBN 21781 2723 9 , , , 21781 2723 10 and and CC 21781 2723 11 do do VBP 21781 2723 12 not not RB 21781 2723 13 reach reach VB 21781 2723 14 back back RB 21781 2723 15 to to IN 21781 2723 16 the the DT 21781 2723 17 suspensorium suspensorium NN 21781 2723 18 . . . 21781 2724 1 The the DT 21781 2724 2 frog frog NN 21781 2724 3 has have VBZ 21781 2724 4 no no DT 21781 2724 5 lachrymal lachrymal JJ 21781 2724 6 bone bone NN 21781 2724 7 . . . 21781 2725 1 -Syllabus -Syllabus NFP 21781 2725 2 Of of IN 21781 2725 3 Practical Practical NNP 21781 2725 4 Work Work NNP 21781 2725 5 _ _ NNP 21781 2725 6 We -PRON- PRP 21781 2725 7 would would MD 21781 2725 8 impress impress VB 21781 2725 9 upon upon IN 21781 2725 10 the the DT 21781 2725 11 student student NN 21781 2725 12 at at IN 21781 2725 13 the the DT 21781 2725 14 outset outset NN 21781 2725 15 the the DT 21781 2725 16 importance importance NN 21781 2725 17 of of IN 21781 2725 18 some some DT 21781 2725 19 preliminary preliminary JJ 21781 2725 20 reading reading NN 21781 2725 21 before before IN 21781 2725 22 dissection dissection NN 21781 2725 23 is be VBZ 21781 2725 24 undertaken undertake VBN 21781 2725 25 . . . 21781 2726 1 No no DT 21781 2726 2 one one PRP 21781 2726 3 would would MD 21781 2726 4 dream dream VB 21781 2726 5 of of IN 21781 2726 6 attempting attempt VBG 21781 2726 7 to to TO 21781 2726 8 explore explore VB 21781 2726 9 a a DT 21781 2726 10 deserted desert VBN 21781 2726 11 city city NN 21781 2726 12 without without IN 21781 2726 13 some some DT 21781 2726 14 previous previous JJ 21781 2726 15 study study NN 21781 2726 16 of of IN 21781 2726 17 maps map NNS 21781 2726 18 and and CC 21781 2726 19 guide guide NN 21781 2726 20 - - HYPH 21781 2726 21 books book NNS 21781 2726 22 , , , 21781 2726 23 but but CC 21781 2726 24 we -PRON- PRP 21781 2726 25 find find VBP 21781 2726 26 again again RB 21781 2726 27 and and CC 21781 2726 28 again again RB 21781 2726 29 students student VBZ 21781 2726 30 undertaking undertake VBG 21781 2726 31 to to TO 21781 2726 32 explore explore VB 21781 2726 33 the the DT 21781 2726 34 complicated complicated JJ 21781 2726 35 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 2726 36 of of IN 21781 2726 37 a a DT 21781 2726 38 vertebrated vertebrated JJ 21781 2726 39 animal animal NN 21781 2726 40 without without IN 21781 2726 41 the the DT 21781 2726 42 slightest slight JJS 21781 2726 43 , , , 21781 2726 44 or or CC 21781 2726 45 only only RB 21781 2726 46 the the DT 21781 2726 47 slightest slight JJS 21781 2726 48 , , , 21781 2726 49 preparatory preparatory JJ 21781 2726 50 reading reading NN 21781 2726 51 . . . 21781 2727 1 This this DT 21781 2727 2 is be VBZ 21781 2727 3 entirely entirely RB 21781 2727 4 a a DT 21781 2727 5 mistake mistake NN 21781 2727 6 . . . 21781 2728 1 A a DT 21781 2728 2 student student NN 21781 2728 3 should should MD 21781 2728 4 be be VB 21781 2728 5 familiar familiar JJ 21781 2728 6 with with IN 21781 2728 7 the the DT 21781 2728 8 nomenclature nomenclature NN 21781 2728 9 of of IN 21781 2728 10 the the DT 21781 2728 11 structures structure NNS 21781 2728 12 he -PRON- PRP 21781 2728 13 contemplates contemplate VBZ 21781 2728 14 examining examine VBG 21781 2728 15 , , , 21781 2728 16 he -PRON- PRP 21781 2728 17 should should MD 21781 2728 18 have have VB 21781 2728 19 some some DT 21781 2728 20 idea idea NN 21781 2728 21 of of IN 21781 2728 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2728 23 mutual mutual JJ 21781 2728 24 relations relation NNS 21781 2728 25 and and CC 21781 2728 26 functions function NNS 21781 2728 27 , , , 21781 2728 28 or or CC 21781 2728 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2728 30 attention attention NN 21781 2728 31 will will MD 21781 2728 32 inevitably inevitably RB 21781 2728 33 be be VB 21781 2728 34 diverted divert VBN 21781 2728 35 by by IN 21781 2728 36 the the DT 21781 2728 37 difficulty difficulty NN 21781 2728 38 of of IN 21781 2728 39 new new JJ 21781 2728 40 names name NNS 21781 2728 41 and and CC 21781 2728 42 physiological physiological JJ 21781 2728 43 questionings questioning NNS 21781 2728 44 to to IN 21781 2728 45 the the DT 21781 2728 46 neglect neglect NN 21781 2728 47 of of IN 21781 2728 48 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2728 49 dissection dissection NN 21781 2728 50 , , , 21781 2728 51 and and CC 21781 2728 52 that that DT 21781 2728 53 careful careful JJ 21781 2728 54 observation observation NN 21781 2728 55 of of IN 21781 2728 56 form form NN 21781 2728 57 and and CC 21781 2728 58 mutual mutual JJ 21781 2728 59 position position NN 21781 2728 60 which which WDT 21781 2728 61 is be VBZ 21781 2728 62 the the DT 21781 2728 63 essential essential JJ 21781 2728 64 object object NN 21781 2728 65 of of IN 21781 2728 66 dissection dissection NN 21781 2728 67 . . . 21781 2729 1 On on IN 21781 2729 2 the the DT 21781 2729 3 other other JJ 21781 2729 4 hand hand NN 21781 2729 5 , , , 21781 2729 6 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2729 7 is be VBZ 21781 2729 8 equally equally RB 21781 2729 9 necessary-- necessary-- NNP 21781 2729 10 perhaps perhaps RB 21781 2729 11 more more JJR 21781 2729 12 so-- so-- NNP 21781 2729 13 to to TO 21781 2729 14 warn warn VB 21781 2729 15 students student NNS 21781 2729 16 against against IN 21781 2729 17 the the DT 21781 2729 18 bookish bookish JJ 21781 2729 19 fallacy fallacy NN 21781 2729 20 , , , 21781 2729 21 and and CC 21781 2729 22 to to TO 21781 2729 23 assure assure VB 21781 2729 24 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2729 25 of of IN 21781 2729 26 the the DT 21781 2729 27 absolute absolute JJ 21781 2729 28 impossibility impossibility NN 21781 2729 29 of of IN 21781 2729 30 realizing realize VBG 21781 2729 31 biological biological JJ 21781 2729 32 facts fact NNS 21781 2729 33 from from IN 21781 2729 34 reading read VBG 21781 2729 35 alone alone RB 21781 2729 36 . . . 21781 2730 1 Practical practical JJ 21781 2730 2 work work NN 21781 2730 3 can can MD 21781 2730 4 alone alone RB 21781 2730 5 confirm confirm VB 21781 2730 6 and and CC 21781 2730 7 complete complete VB 21781 2730 8 the the DT 21781 2730 9 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 2730 10 to to TO 21781 2730 11 which which WDT 21781 2730 12 the the DT 21781 2730 13 text text NN 21781 2730 14 - - HYPH 21781 2730 15 book book NN 21781 2730 16 is be VBZ 21781 2730 17 the the DT 21781 2730 18 guide guide NN 21781 2730 19 . . . 21781 2731 1 In in IN 21781 2731 2 scientific scientific JJ 21781 2731 3 teaching teaching NN 21781 2731 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2731 5 may may MD 21781 2731 6 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 2731 7 be be VB 21781 2731 8 convenient convenient JJ 21781 2731 9 for for IN 21781 2731 10 the the DT 21781 2731 11 thought thought NN 21781 2731 12 to to TO 21781 2731 13 precede precede VB 21781 2731 14 the the DT 21781 2731 15 thing thing NN 21781 2731 16 , , , 21781 2731 17 but but CC 21781 2731 18 until until IN 21781 2731 19 the the DT 21781 2731 20 thing thing NN 21781 2731 21 has have VBZ 21781 2731 22 been be VBN 21781 2731 23 dealt deal VBN 21781 2731 24 with with IN 21781 2731 25 the the DT 21781 2731 26 knowledge knowledge NN 21781 2731 27 gained gain VBN 21781 2731 28 is be VBZ 21781 2731 29 an an DT 21781 2731 30 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 21781 2731 31 and and CC 21781 2731 32 unstable unstable JJ 21781 2731 33 possession possession NN 21781 2731 34 . . . 21781 2732 1 For for IN 21781 2732 2 such such JJ 21781 2732 3 dissection dissection NN 21781 2732 4 as as IN 21781 2732 5 the the DT 21781 2732 6 subject subject NN 21781 2732 7 - - HYPH 21781 2732 8 matter matter NN 21781 2732 9 of of IN 21781 2732 10 this this DT 21781 2732 11 book book NN 21781 2732 12 requires require VBZ 21781 2732 13 , , , 21781 2732 14 the the DT 21781 2732 15 following follow VBG 21781 2732 16 appliances appliance NNS 21781 2732 17 will will MD 21781 2732 18 be be VB 21781 2732 19 needed:-- needed:-- NNP 21781 2732 20 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2732 21 a a LS 21781 2732 22 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2732 23 Two two CD 21781 2732 24 or or CC 21781 2732 25 three three CD 21781 2732 26 scalpels scalpel NNS 21781 2732 27 of of IN 21781 2732 28 various various JJ 21781 2732 29 sizes size NNS 21781 2732 30 . . . 21781 2733 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2733 2 b b NN 21781 2733 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2733 4 Scissors scissor NNS 21781 2733 5 , , , 21781 2733 6 which which WDT 21781 2733 7 must must MD 21781 2733 8 taper taper VB 21781 2733 9 gradually gradually RB 21781 2733 10 , , , 21781 2733 11 have have VBP 21781 2733 12 straight straight JJ 21781 2733 13 blades blade NNS 21781 2733 14 , , , 21781 2733 15 and and CC 21781 2733 16 be be VB 21781 2733 17 pointed point VBN 21781 2733 18 at at IN 21781 2733 19 the the DT 21781 2733 20 ends end NNS 21781 2733 21 , , , 21781 2733 22 and and CC 21781 2733 23 which which WDT 21781 2733 24 must must MD 21781 2733 25 bite bite VB 21781 2733 26 right right RB 21781 2733 27 up up IN 21781 2733 28 to to IN 21781 2733 29 the the DT 21781 2733 30 tips tip NNS 21781 2733 31 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2733 32 or or CC 21781 2733 33 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2733 34 are be VBP 21781 2733 35 useless useless JJ 21781 2733 36 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2733 37 . . . 21781 2734 1 Two two CD 21781 2734 2 pairs pair NNS 21781 2734 3 , , , 21781 2734 4 small small JJ 21781 2734 5 and and CC 21781 2734 6 large large JJ 21781 2734 7 , , , 21781 2734 8 are be VBP 21781 2734 9 advisable advisable JJ 21781 2734 10 . . . 21781 2735 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2735 2 c c NN 21781 2735 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2735 4 Forceps Forceps NNP 21781 2735 5 , , , 21781 2735 6 which which WDT 21781 2735 7 must must MD 21781 2735 8 hold hold VB 21781 2735 9 firmly firmly RB 21781 2735 10 , , , 21781 2735 11 and and CC 21781 2735 12 meet meet VB 21781 2735 13 truly truly RB 21781 2735 14 at at IN 21781 2735 15 the the DT 21781 2735 16 points point NNS 21781 2735 17 . . . 21781 2736 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2736 2 d d NNP 21781 2736 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2736 4 Two two CD 21781 2736 5 needles needle NNS 21781 2736 6 set set VBN 21781 2736 7 in in IN 21781 2736 8 wooden wooden JJ 21781 2736 9 handles handle NNS 21781 2736 10 . . . 21781 2737 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2737 2 e e LS 21781 2737 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2737 4 An an DT 21781 2737 5 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 2737 6 watchmaker watchmaker NN 21781 2737 7 's 's POS 21781 2737 8 eye eye NN 21781 2737 9 - - HYPH 21781 2737 10 glass glass NN 21781 2737 11 is be VBZ 21781 2737 12 very very RB 21781 2737 13 helpful helpful JJ 21781 2737 14 , , , 21781 2737 15 but but CC 21781 2737 16 not not RB 21781 2737 17 indispensable indispensable JJ 21781 2737 18 . . . 21781 2738 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2738 2 f f LS 21781 2738 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2738 4 A a DT 21781 2738 5 dissecting dissecting NN 21781 2738 6 dish-- dish-- NN 21781 2738 7 an an DT 21781 2738 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 2738 9 pie pie NN 21781 2738 10 dish dish NN 21781 2738 11 will will MD 21781 2738 12 do-- do-- NNP 21781 2738 13 into into IN 21781 2738 14 which which WDT 21781 2738 15 melted melted JJ 21781 2738 16 paraffin paraffin NN 21781 2738 17 wax wax NN 21781 2738 18 has have VBZ 21781 2738 19 been be VBN 21781 2738 20 poured pour VBN 21781 2738 21 , , , 21781 2738 22 to to IN 21781 2738 23 the the DT 21781 2738 24 depth depth NN 21781 2738 25 of of IN 21781 2738 26 , , , 21781 2738 27 say say UH 21781 2738 28 , , , 21781 2738 29 three three CD 21781 2738 30 - - HYPH 21781 2738 31 quarters quarter NNS 21781 2738 32 of of IN 21781 2738 33 an an DT 21781 2738 34 inch inch NN 21781 2738 35 , , , 21781 2738 36 and and CC 21781 2738 37 allowed allow VBN 21781 2738 38 to to TO 21781 2738 39 solidify solidify VB 21781 2738 40 . . . 21781 2739 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2739 2 This this DT 21781 2739 3 wax wax NN 21781 2739 4 may may MD 21781 2739 5 be be VB 21781 2739 6 blackened blacken VBN 21781 2739 7 by by IN 21781 2739 8 mixture mixture NN 21781 2739 9 with with IN 21781 2739 10 lampblack lampblack NN 21781 2739 11 . . . 21781 2740 1 If if IN 21781 2740 2 the the DT 21781 2740 3 wax wax NN 21781 2740 4 floats float VBZ 21781 2740 5 up up RP 21781 2740 6 at at IN 21781 2740 7 any any DT 21781 2740 8 time time NN 21781 2740 9 , , , 21781 2740 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2740 11 can can MD 21781 2740 12 , , , 21781 2740 13 of of IN 21781 2740 14 course course NN 21781 2740 15 , , , 21781 2740 16 be be VB 21781 2740 17 remelted remelte VBN 21781 2740 18 . . . 21781 2741 1 Or or CC 21781 2741 2 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2741 3 may may MD 21781 2741 4 be be VB 21781 2741 5 loaded load VBN 21781 2741 6 with with IN 21781 2741 7 lead lead NN 21781 2741 8 . . . 21781 2741 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2742 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2742 2 g g LS 21781 2742 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2742 4 A a DT 21781 2742 5 rough rough JJ 21781 2742 6 table table NN 21781 2742 7 or or CC 21781 2742 8 board board NN 21781 2742 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2742 10 for for IN 21781 2742 11 the the DT 21781 2742 12 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2742 13 and and CC 21781 2742 14 dog dog NN 21781 2742 15 - - HYPH 21781 2742 16 fish fish NN 21781 2742 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2742 18 . . . 21781 2743 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2743 2 h h LS 21781 2743 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2743 4 Blanket blanket NN 21781 2743 5 pins pin NNS 21781 2743 6 , , , 21781 2743 7 and and CC 21781 2743 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 2743 9 pins pin NNS 21781 2743 10 . . . 21781 2744 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2744 2 i i NN 21781 2744 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2744 4 A a DT 21781 2744 5 pickle pickle NN 21781 2744 6 or or CC 21781 2744 7 other other JJ 21781 2744 8 wide wide JJ 21781 2744 9 - - HYPH 21781 2744 10 mouthed mouthed JJ 21781 2744 11 jar jar NN 21781 2744 12 , , , 21781 2744 13 and and CC 21781 2744 14 some some DT 21781 2744 15 common common JJ 21781 2744 16 , , , 21781 2744 17 methylated methylated JJ 21781 2744 18 spirit spirit NN 21781 2744 19 . . . 21781 2745 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2745 2 j j NNP 21781 2745 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2745 4 A a DT 21781 2745 5 microscope microscope NN 21781 2745 6 , , , 21781 2745 7 with with IN 21781 2745 8 low low JJ 21781 2745 9 power power NN 21781 2745 10 of of IN 21781 2745 11 1 1 CD 21781 2745 12 inch inch NN 21781 2745 13 or or CC 21781 2745 14 1/2 1/2 CD 21781 2745 15 inch inch NN 21781 2745 16 , , , 21781 2745 17 and and CC 21781 2745 18 high high JJ 21781 2745 19 power power NN 21781 2745 20 1/6 1/6 CD 21781 2745 21 inch inch NN 21781 2745 22 or or CC 21781 2745 23 1/4 1/4 CD 21781 2745 24 inch inch NN 21781 2745 25 . . . 21781 2746 1 Glass Glass NNP 21781 2746 2 slips slip VBZ 21781 2746 3 and and CC 21781 2746 4 cover cover VB 21781 2746 5 glasses glass NNS 21781 2746 6 , , , 21781 2746 7 and and CC 21781 2746 8 a a DT 21781 2746 9 bottle bottle NN 21781 2746 10 of of IN 21781 2746 11 very very RB 21781 2746 12 weak weak JJ 21781 2746 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2746 14 1 1 CD 21781 2746 15 per per NN 21781 2746 16 cent cent NN 21781 2746 17 . . . 21781 2746 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2747 1 solution solution NN 21781 2747 2 of of IN 21781 2747 3 salt salt NN 21781 2747 4 . . . 21781 2748 1 Animals animal NNS 21781 2748 2 for for IN 21781 2748 3 dissection dissection NN 21781 2748 4 may may MD 21781 2748 5 be be VB 21781 2748 6 obtained obtain VBN 21781 2748 7 from from IN 21781 2748 8 the the DT 21781 2748 9 recognised recognise VBN 21781 2748 10 dealers dealer NNS 21781 2748 11 , , , 21781 2748 12 who who WP 21781 2748 13 usually usually RB 21781 2748 14 advertise advertise VBP 21781 2748 15 in in IN 21781 2748 16 such such JJ 21781 2748 17 scientific scientific JJ 21781 2748 18 periodicals periodical NNS 21781 2748 19 as as IN 21781 2748 20 Nature Nature NNP 21781 2748 21 , , , 21781 2748 22 Natural Natural NNP 21781 2748 23 Science Science NNP 21781 2748 24 , , , 21781 2748 25 and and CC 21781 2748 26 Knowledge knowledge NN 21781 2748 27 . . . 21781 2749 1 Sinel Sinel NNP 21781 2749 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2749 3 naturalist naturalist NN 21781 2749 4 , , , 21781 2749 5 Jersey Jersey NNP 21781 2749 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2749 7 is be VBZ 21781 2749 8 the the DT 21781 2749 9 most most RBS 21781 2749 10 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 21781 2749 11 dealer dealer NN 21781 2749 12 in in IN 21781 2749 13 dog dog NN 21781 2749 14 - - HYPH 21781 2749 15 fish fish NN 21781 2749 16 in in IN 21781 2749 17 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2749 18 experience experience NN 21781 2749 19 ; ; : 21781 2749 20 Bolton Bolton NNP 21781 2749 21 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2749 22 Malvern Malvern NNP 21781 2749 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2749 24 will will MD 21781 2749 25 supply supply VB 21781 2749 26 Amphioxus amphioxus JJ 21781 2749 27 through through IN 21781 2749 28 the the DT 21781 2749 29 post post NN 21781 2749 30 ; ; : 21781 2749 31 frogs frog NNS 21781 2749 32 and and CC 21781 2749 33 rabbits rabbit NNS 21781 2749 34 may may MD 21781 2749 35 be be VB 21781 2749 36 obtained obtain VBN 21781 2749 37 anywhere anywhere RB 21781 2749 38 . . . 21781 2750 1 The the DT 21781 2750 2 tame tame JJ 21781 2750 3 variety variety NN 21781 2750 4 of of IN 21781 2750 5 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2750 6 is be VBZ 21781 2750 7 quite quite RB 21781 2750 8 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 21781 2750 9 for for IN 21781 2750 10 the the DT 21781 2750 11 purpose purpose NN 21781 2750 12 of of IN 21781 2750 13 dissection dissection NN 21781 2750 14 . . . 21781 2751 1 The the DT 21781 2751 2 following follow VBG 21781 2751 3 notes note NNS 21781 2751 4 may may MD 21781 2751 5 possibly possibly RB 21781 2751 6 be be VB 21781 2751 7 of of IN 21781 2751 8 some some DT 21781 2751 9 use use NN 21781 2751 10 to to IN 21781 2751 11 the the DT 21781 2751 12 student student NN 21781 2751 13 ; ; : 21781 2751 14 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2751 15 follow follow VBP 21781 2751 16 the the DT 21781 2751 17 lines line NNS 21781 2751 18 of of IN 21781 2751 19 work work NN 21781 2751 20 arranged arrange VBN 21781 2751 21 by by IN 21781 2751 22 the the DT 21781 2751 23 author author NN 21781 2751 24 for for IN 21781 2751 25 the the DT 21781 2751 26 evening evening NN 21781 2751 27 classes class NNS 21781 2751 28 of of IN 21781 2751 29 the the DT 21781 2751 30 University University NNP 21781 2751 31 Tutorial Tutorial NNP 21781 2751 32 College College NNP 21781 2751 33 , , , 21781 2751 34 classes class NNS 21781 2751 35 considerably considerably RB 21781 2751 36 restricted restrict VBN 21781 2751 37 as as IN 21781 2751 38 regards regard VBZ 21781 2751 39 time time NN 21781 2751 40 , , , 21781 2751 41 when when WRB 21781 2751 42 compared compare VBN 21781 2751 43 with with IN 21781 2751 44 ordinary ordinary JJ 21781 2751 45 laboratory laboratory NN 21781 2751 46 workers worker NNS 21781 2751 47 . . . 21781 2752 1 Most Most JJS 21781 2752 2 of of IN 21781 2752 3 the the DT 21781 2752 4 sections section NNS 21781 2752 5 below below IN 21781 2752 6 occupied occupy VBD 21781 2752 7 about about RB 21781 2752 8 three three CD 21781 2752 9 hours hour NNS 21781 2752 10 , , , 21781 2752 11 but but CC 21781 2752 12 for for IN 21781 2752 13 a a DT 21781 2752 14 student student NN 21781 2752 15 working work VBG 21781 2752 16 alone alone JJ 21781 2752 17 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2752 18 are be VBP 21781 2752 19 more more RBR 21781 2752 20 likely likely JJ 21781 2752 21 to to TO 21781 2752 22 take take VB 21781 2752 23 four four CD 21781 2752 24 or or CC 21781 2752 25 five five CD 21781 2752 26 , , , 21781 2752 27 and and CC 21781 2752 28 even even RB 21781 2752 29 then then RB 21781 2752 30 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2752 31 is be VBZ 21781 2752 32 not not RB 21781 2752 33 probable probable JJ 21781 2752 34 that that IN 21781 2752 35 they -PRON- PRP 21781 2752 36 will will MD 21781 2752 37 be be VB 21781 2752 38 so so RB 21781 2752 39 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 21781 2752 40 as as IN 21781 2752 41 if if IN 21781 2752 42 performed perform VBN 21781 2752 43 under under IN 21781 2752 44 skilled skilled JJ 21781 2752 45 supervision supervision NN 21781 2752 46 . . . 21781 2753 1 There there EX 21781 2753 2 are be VBP 21781 2753 3 many many JJ 21781 2753 4 points point NNS 21781 2753 5 extremely extremely RB 21781 2753 6 difficult difficult JJ 21781 2753 7 to to TO 21781 2753 8 convey convey VB 21781 2753 9 verbally verbally RB 21781 2753 10 which which WDT 21781 2753 11 are be VBP 21781 2753 12 elucidated elucidate VBN 21781 2753 13 at at IN 21781 2753 14 once once RB 21781 2753 15 by by IN 21781 2753 16 actual actual JJ 21781 2753 17 demonstration demonstration NN 21781 2753 18 upon upon IN 21781 2753 19 a a DT 21781 2753 20 specimen speciman NNS 21781 2753 21 . . . 21781 2754 1 Each each DT 21781 2754 2 of of IN 21781 2754 3 these these DT 21781 2754 4 dissections dissection NNS 21781 2754 5 should should MD 21781 2754 6 be be VB 21781 2754 7 repeated repeat VBN 21781 2754 8 , , , 21781 2754 9 and and CC 21781 2754 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2754 11 is be VBZ 21781 2754 12 well well RB 21781 2754 13 if if IN 21781 2754 14 a a DT 21781 2754 15 different different JJ 21781 2754 16 condition condition NN 21781 2754 17 of of IN 21781 2754 18 the the DT 21781 2754 19 type type NN 21781 2754 20 is be VBZ 21781 2754 21 selected select VBN 21781 2754 22 for for IN 21781 2754 23 the the DT 21781 2754 24 repetition-- repetition-- NNP 21781 2754 25 an an DT 21781 2754 26 old old JJ 21781 2754 27 one one CD 21781 2754 28 if if IN 21781 2754 29 the the DT 21781 2754 30 first first JJ 21781 2754 31 specimen specimen NNP 21781 2754 32 was be VBD 21781 2754 33 immature immature JJ 21781 2754 34 , , , 21781 2754 35 a a DT 21781 2754 36 female female NN 21781 2754 37 if if IN 21781 2754 38 the the DT 21781 2754 39 first first JJ 21781 2754 40 was be VBD 21781 2754 41 a a DT 21781 2754 42 male male NN 21781 2754 43 . . . 21781 2755 1 -The -The NFP 21781 2755 2 Rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2755 3 _ _ NNP 21781 2755 4 May May MD 21781 2755 5 be be VB 21781 2755 6 killed kill VBN 21781 2755 7 by by IN 21781 2755 8 chloroform chloroform NN 21781 2755 9 , , , 21781 2755 10 or or CC 21781 2755 11 potassium potassium NN 21781 2755 12 cyanide cyanide NN 21781 2755 13 , , , 21781 2755 14 or or CC 21781 2755 15 drowned drown VBD 21781 2755 16 . . . 21781 2756 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2756 2 may may MD 21781 2756 3 also also RB 21781 2756 4 be be VB 21781 2756 5 readily readily RB 21781 2756 6 suffocated suffocate VBN 21781 2756 7 with with IN 21781 2756 8 house house NN 21781 2756 9 - - HYPH 21781 2756 10 hold hold VB 21781 2756 11 gas gas NN 21781 2756 12 . . . 21781 2757 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2757 2 should should MD 21781 2757 3 be be VB 21781 2757 4 killed kill VBN 21781 2757 5 immediately immediately RB 21781 2757 6 before before IN 21781 2757 7 use use NN 21781 2757 8 , , , 21781 2757 9 as as IN 21781 2757 10 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 2757 11 the the DT 21781 2757 12 gastric gastric JJ 21781 2757 13 juice juice NN 21781 2757 14 attacks attack VBZ 21781 2757 15 the the DT 21781 2757 16 wall wall NN 21781 2757 17 of of IN 21781 2757 18 the the DT 21781 2757 19 stomach stomach NN 21781 2757 20 , , , 21781 2757 21 and and CC 21781 2757 22 the the DT 21781 2757 23 dissection dissection NN 21781 2757 24 is be VBZ 21781 2757 25 , , , 21781 2757 26 in in IN 21781 2757 27 consequence consequence NN 21781 2757 28 , , , 21781 2757 29 rendered render VBN 21781 2757 30 extremely extremely RB 21781 2757 31 disagreeable disagreeable JJ 21781 2757 32 . . . 21781 2758 1 A a DT 21781 2758 2 very very RB 21781 2758 3 young young JJ 21781 2758 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2758 5 is be VBZ 21781 2758 6 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 21781 2758 7 as as IN 21781 2758 8 regards regard VBZ 21781 2758 9 the the DT 21781 2758 10 genitalia genitalia NNP 21781 2758 11 , , , 21781 2758 12 but but CC 21781 2758 13 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 2758 14 there there EX 21781 2758 15 is be VBZ 21781 2758 16 no no DT 21781 2758 17 objection objection NN 21781 2758 18 to to IN 21781 2758 19 a a DT 21781 2758 20 little little JJ 21781 2758 21 one one NN 21781 2758 22 , , , 21781 2758 23 and and CC 21781 2758 24 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2758 25 has have VBZ 21781 2758 26 this this DT 21781 2758 27 advantage-- advantage-- NNP 21781 2758 28 that that IN 21781 2758 29 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2758 30 may may MD 21781 2758 31 be be VB 21781 2758 32 immersed immerse VBN 21781 2758 33 more more RBR 21781 2758 34 conveniently conveniently RB 21781 2758 35 under under IN 21781 2758 36 water water NN 21781 2758 37 , , , 21781 2758 38 in in IN 21781 2758 39 a a DT 21781 2758 40 large large JJ 21781 2758 41 pie pie NN 21781 2758 42 dish dish NN 21781 2758 43 , , , 21781 2758 44 for for IN 21781 2758 45 purposes purpose NNS 21781 2758 46 of of IN 21781 2758 47 fine fine JJ 21781 2758 48 dissection dissection NN 21781 2758 49 . . . 21781 2759 1 The the DT 21781 2759 2 external external JJ 21781 2759 3 features feature NNS 21781 2759 4 of of IN 21781 2759 5 the the DT 21781 2759 6 animal animal NN 21781 2759 7 should should MD 21781 2759 8 be be VB 21781 2759 9 examined examine VBN 21781 2759 10 : : : 21781 2759 11 eyelids eyelid NNS 21781 2759 12 , , , 21781 2759 13 whiskers whisker NNS 21781 2759 14 and and CC 21781 2759 15 teeth tooth NNS 21781 2759 16 , , , 21781 2759 17 toes toe NNS 21781 2759 18 , , , 21781 2759 19 anus anus NN 21781 2759 20 , , , 21781 2759 21 perineal perineal JJ 21781 2759 22 space space NN 21781 2759 23 on on IN 21781 2759 24 either either DT 21781 2759 25 side side NN 21781 2759 26 of of IN 21781 2759 27 the the DT 21781 2759 28 same same JJ 21781 2759 29 , , , 21781 2759 30 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 2759 31 opening opening NN 21781 2759 32 , , , 21781 2759 33 and and CC 21781 2759 34 position position NN 21781 2759 35 of of IN 21781 2759 36 the the DT 21781 2759 37 ribs rib NNS 21781 2759 38 , , , 21781 2759 39 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2759 40 column column NN 21781 2759 41 , , , 21781 2759 42 and and CC 21781 2759 43 limb limb VB 21781 2759 44 girdles girdle NNS 21781 2759 45 beneath beneath IN 21781 2759 46 the the DT 21781 2759 47 skin skin NN 21781 2759 48 should should MD 21781 2759 49 be be VB 21781 2759 50 made make VBN 21781 2759 51 out out RP 21781 2759 52 . . . 21781 2760 1 Then then RB 21781 2760 2 the the DT 21781 2760 3 animal animal NN 21781 2760 4 should should MD 21781 2760 5 be be VB 21781 2760 6 pinned pin VBN 21781 2760 7 out out RP 21781 2760 8 through through IN 21781 2760 9 the the DT 21781 2760 10 legs leg NNS 21781 2760 11 , , , 21781 2760 12 the the DT 21781 2760 13 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2760 14 surface surface NN 21781 2760 15 uppermost uppermost VBN 21781 2760 16 , , , 21781 2760 17 the the DT 21781 2760 18 skin skin NN 21781 2760 19 opened open VBD 21781 2760 20 up up RP 21781 2760 21 along along IN 21781 2760 22 the the DT 21781 2760 23 middle middle JJ 21781 2760 24 line line NN 21781 2760 25 from from IN 21781 2760 26 pelvic pelvic NNP 21781 2760 27 girdle girdle NN 21781 2760 28 to to IN 21781 2760 29 symphyses symphysis NNS 21781 2760 30 of of IN 21781 2760 31 jaw jaw NN 21781 2760 32 ; ; , 21781 2760 33 separated separate VBN 21781 2760 34 from from IN 21781 2760 35 the the DT 21781 2760 36 body body NN 21781 2760 37 wall wall NN 21781 2760 38 below below IN 21781 2760 39 by by IN 21781 2760 40 means mean NNS 21781 2760 41 of of IN 21781 2760 42 the the DT 21781 2760 43 handle handle NN 21781 2760 44 of of IN 21781 2760 45 a a DT 21781 2760 46 scalpel scalpel NN 21781 2760 47 , , , 21781 2760 48 and and CC 21781 2760 49 turned turn VBD 21781 2760 50 back back RB 21781 2760 51 ; ; : 21781 2760 52 and and CC 21781 2760 53 then then RB 21781 2760 54 the the DT 21781 2760 55 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 2760 56 wall wall NN 21781 2760 57 should should MD 21781 2760 58 be be VB 21781 2760 59 cut cut VBN 21781 2760 60 into into IN 21781 2760 61 and and CC 21781 2760 62 two two CD 21781 2760 63 flaps flap NNS 21781 2760 64 pinned pin VBN 21781 2760 65 back back RB 21781 2760 66 to to TO 21781 2760 67 expose expose VB 21781 2760 68 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2760 69 contents content NNS 21781 2760 70 . . . 21781 2761 1 Note note VB 21781 2761 2 the the DT 21781 2761 3 xiphisternum xiphisternum NN 21781 2761 4 . . . 21781 2762 1 The the DT 21781 2762 2 caecum caecum NN 21781 2762 3 and and CC 21781 2762 4 colon colon NN 21781 2762 5 will will MD 21781 2762 6 be be VB 21781 2762 7 recognised recognise VBN 21781 2762 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2762 9 Section section NN 21781 2762 10 16 16 CD 21781 2762 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2762 12 ; ; : 21781 2762 13 the the DT 21781 2762 14 stomach stomach NN 21781 2762 15 , , , 21781 2762 16 the the DT 21781 2762 17 right right NN 21781 2762 18 and and CC 21781 2762 19 left leave VBD 21781 2762 20 central central JJ 21781 2762 21 , , , 21781 2762 22 and and CC 21781 2762 23 left leave VBD 21781 2762 24 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2762 25 lobes lobe NNS 21781 2762 26 of of IN 21781 2762 27 the the DT 21781 2762 28 liver liver NN 21781 2762 29 will will MD 21781 2762 30 probably probably RB 21781 2762 31 be be VB 21781 2762 32 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2762 33 ; ; : 21781 2762 34 and and CC 21781 2762 35 the the DT 21781 2762 36 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2762 37 bladder bladder NN 21781 2762 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2762 39 especially especially RB 21781 2762 40 if if IN 21781 2762 41 distended distend VBN 21781 2762 42 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2762 43 in in IN 21781 2762 44 the the DT 21781 2762 45 middle middle JJ 21781 2762 46 line line NN 21781 2762 47 behind behind RB 21781 2762 48 . . . 21781 2763 1 Without without IN 21781 2763 2 any any DT 21781 2763 3 further further JJ 21781 2763 4 dissection dissection NN 21781 2763 5 , , , 21781 2763 6 but but CC 21781 2763 7 simply simply RB 21781 2763 8 by by IN 21781 2763 9 turning turn VBG 21781 2763 10 the the DT 21781 2763 11 parts part NNS 21781 2763 12 over over RP 21781 2763 13 , , , 21781 2763 14 all all PDT 21781 2763 15 the the DT 21781 2763 16 structures structure NNS 21781 2763 17 of of IN 21781 2763 18 the the DT 21781 2763 19 abdomen abdoman NNS 21781 2763 20 in in IN 21781 2763 21 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2763 22 1 1 CD 21781 2763 23 , , , 21781 2763 24 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2763 25 1 1 CD 21781 2763 26 , , , 21781 2763 27 will will MD 21781 2763 28 be be VB 21781 2763 29 identified identify VBN 21781 2763 30 . . . 21781 2764 1 Seek seek VB 21781 2764 2 especially especially RB 21781 2764 3 for for IN 21781 2764 4 and and CC 21781 2764 5 note note VB 21781 2764 6 particularly particularly RB 21781 2764 7 , , , 21781 2764 8 the the DT 21781 2764 9 gall gall NN 21781 2764 10 bladder bladder NN 21781 2764 11 , , , 21781 2764 12 bile bile NN 21781 2764 13 duct duct NN 21781 2764 14 , , , 21781 2764 15 and and CC 21781 2764 16 portal portal JJ 21781 2764 17 vein vein NN 21781 2764 18 , , , 21781 2764 19 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 2764 20 duct duct NN 21781 2764 21 , , , 21781 2764 22 sacculus sacculus NNP 21781 2764 23 rotundus rotundus NNP 21781 2764 24 , , , 21781 2764 25 vermiform vermiform NNP 21781 2764 26 appendix appendix NNP 21781 2764 27 , , , 21781 2764 28 ureters ureter NNS 21781 2764 29 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2764 30 by by IN 21781 2764 31 pulling pull VBG 21781 2764 32 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2764 33 bladder bladder NN 21781 2764 34 forward forward RB 21781 2764 35 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2764 36 , , , 21781 2764 37 genital genital JJ 21781 2764 38 ducts duct NNS 21781 2764 39 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2764 40 looping loop VBG 21781 2764 41 over over IN 21781 2764 42 ureters ureter NNS 21781 2764 43 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2764 44 , , , 21781 2764 45 spleen spleen NN 21781 2764 46 , , , 21781 2764 47 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 2764 48 , , , 21781 2764 49 and and CC 21781 2764 50 adrenals adrenal NNS 21781 2764 51 . . . 21781 2765 1 The the DT 21781 2765 2 vena vena NN 21781 2765 3 cava cava NNP 21781 2765 4 inferior inferior NNP 21781 2765 5 is be VBZ 21781 2765 6 seen see VBN 21781 2765 7 dorsally dorsally RB 21781 2765 8 . . . 21781 2766 1 The the DT 21781 2766 2 genital genital JJ 21781 2766 3 duct duct NN 21781 2766 4 guides guide VBZ 21781 2766 5 the the DT 21781 2766 6 student student NN 21781 2766 7 to to IN 21781 2766 8 the the DT 21781 2766 9 genital genital JJ 21781 2766 10 gland gland NN 21781 2766 11 ; ; : 21781 2766 12 if if IN 21781 2766 13 the the DT 21781 2766 14 subject subject NN 21781 2766 15 is be VBZ 21781 2766 16 a a DT 21781 2766 17 male male NN 21781 2766 18 , , , 21781 2766 19 the the DT 21781 2766 20 testes testis NNS 21781 2766 21 may may MD 21781 2766 22 be be VB 21781 2766 23 exposed expose VBN 21781 2766 24 by by IN 21781 2766 25 dissection dissection NN 21781 2766 26 , , , 21781 2766 27 or or CC 21781 2766 28 by by IN 21781 2766 29 pulling pull VBG 21781 2766 30 the the DT 21781 2766 31 vas vas NN 21781 2766 32 deferens deferen NNS 21781 2766 33 gently gently RB 21781 2766 34 the the DT 21781 2766 35 scrotal scrotal JJ 21781 2766 36 sac sac NN 21781 2766 37 will will MD 21781 2766 38 be be VB 21781 2766 39 turned turn VBN 21781 2766 40 inside inside RB 21781 2766 41 out out RB 21781 2766 42 , , , 21781 2766 43 and and CC 21781 2766 44 the the DT 21781 2766 45 testes testis NNS 21781 2766 46 brought bring VBN 21781 2766 47 into into IN 21781 2766 48 view view NN 21781 2766 49 . . . 21781 2767 1 The the DT 21781 2767 2 ovary ovary JJ 21781 2767 3 lies lie NNS 21781 2767 4 exposed expose VBN 21781 2767 5 without without IN 21781 2767 6 dissection dissection NN 21781 2767 7 posterior posterior RB 21781 2767 8 to to IN 21781 2767 9 the the DT 21781 2767 10 kidney kidney NN 21781 2767 11 . . . 21781 2768 1 Examine examine VB 21781 2768 2 all all PDT 21781 2768 3 this this DT 21781 2768 4 carefully carefully RB 21781 2768 5 , , , 21781 2768 6 and and CC 21781 2768 7 make make VB 21781 2768 8 small small JJ 21781 2768 9 sketches sketch NNS 21781 2768 10 of of IN 21781 2768 11 points point NNS 21781 2768 12 of of IN 21781 2768 13 interest-- interest-- NNP 21781 2768 14 the the DT 21781 2768 15 duodenal duodenal JJ 21781 2768 16 loop loop NN 21781 2768 17 and and CC 21781 2768 18 the the DT 21781 2768 19 pyloric pyloric JJ 21781 2768 20 end end NN 21781 2768 21 of of IN 21781 2768 22 the the DT 21781 2768 23 stomach stomach NN 21781 2768 24 , , , 21781 2768 25 for for IN 21781 2768 26 instance instance NN 21781 2768 27 ; ; : 21781 2768 28 the the DT 21781 2768 29 meeting meeting NN 21781 2768 30 of of IN 21781 2768 31 colon colon NN 21781 2768 32 , , , 21781 2768 33 caecum caecum NNP 21781 2768 34 , , , 21781 2768 35 and and CC 21781 2768 36 sacculus sacculus NNP 21781 2768 37 rotundus rotundus NNP 21781 2768 38 again again RB 21781 2768 39 ; ; , 21781 2768 40 or or CC 21781 2768 41 the the DT 21781 2768 42 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2768 43 bladder bladder NN 21781 2768 44 and and CC 21781 2768 45 adjacent adjacent JJ 21781 2768 46 parts part NNS 21781 2768 47 . . . 21781 2769 1 Note note VB 21781 2769 2 the the DT 21781 2769 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2769 4 aorta aorta NN 21781 2769 5 and and CC 21781 2769 6 vena vena NNP 21781 2769 7 cava cava NNP 21781 2769 8 and and CC 21781 2769 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2769 10 connexions connexion NNS 21781 2769 11 behind behind RB 21781 2769 12 . . . 21781 2770 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2770 2 Compare compare VB 21781 2770 3 figure figure NN 21781 2770 4 of of IN 21781 2770 5 circulation circulation NN 21781 2770 6 . . . 21781 2770 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2771 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2771 2 through through IN 21781 2771 3 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 2771 4 girdle girdle NN 21781 2771 5 , , , 21781 2771 6 and and CC 21781 2771 7 remove remove VB 21781 2771 8 one one CD 21781 2771 9 hind hind NN 21781 2771 10 leg leg NN 21781 2771 11 , , , 21781 2771 12 to to TO 21781 2771 13 see see VB 21781 2771 14 bladder bladder NN 21781 2771 15 and and CC 21781 2771 16 genital genital JJ 21781 2771 17 ducts duct NNS 21781 2771 18 better well JJR 21781 2771 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2771 20 compare compare VB 21781 2771 21 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2771 22 10 10 CD 21781 2771 23 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2771 24 . . . 21781 2772 1 Wash wash VB 21781 2772 2 away away RB 21781 2772 3 any any DT 21781 2772 4 blood blood NN 21781 2772 5 that that WDT 21781 2772 6 may may MD 21781 2772 7 flow flow VB 21781 2772 8 . . . 21781 2773 1 Turn turn VB 21781 2773 2 all all PDT 21781 2773 3 the the DT 21781 2773 4 intestines intestine NNS 21781 2773 5 over over RP 21781 2773 6 to to IN 21781 2773 7 the the DT 21781 2773 8 animal animal NN 21781 2773 9 's 's POS 21781 2773 10 right right NN 21781 2773 11 , , , 21781 2773 12 and and CC 21781 2773 13 see see VB 21781 2773 14 the the DT 21781 2773 15 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2773 16 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2773 17 and and CC 21781 2773 18 vena vena NNP 21781 2773 19 cava cava NNP 21781 2773 20 inferior inferior JJ 21781 2773 21 of of IN 21781 2773 22 the the DT 21781 2773 23 abdomen abdomen NNP 21781 2773 24 , , , 21781 2773 25 the the DT 21781 2773 26 inferior inferior JJ 21781 2773 27 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 2773 28 artery artery NN 21781 2773 29 , , , 21781 2773 30 and and CC 21781 2773 31 the the DT 21781 2773 32 spermatic spermatic NN 21781 2773 33 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2773 34 or or CC 21781 2773 35 ovarian ovarian NNP 21781 2773 36 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2773 37 artery artery NN 21781 2773 38 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2773 39 compare compare NN 21781 2773 40 , , , 21781 2773 41 of of IN 21781 2773 42 course course NN 21781 2773 43 , , , 21781 2773 44 with with IN 21781 2773 45 figure figure NN 21781 2773 46 in in IN 21781 2773 47 book book NN 21781 2773 48 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2773 49 . . . 21781 2774 1 In in IN 21781 2774 2 front front NN 21781 2774 3 , , , 21781 2774 4 immediately immediately RB 21781 2774 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2774 6 to to IN 21781 2774 7 the the DT 21781 2774 8 spleen spleen NN 21781 2774 9 , , , 21781 2774 10 is be VBZ 21781 2774 11 a a DT 21781 2774 12 variable variable JJ 21781 2774 13 quantity quantity NN 21781 2774 14 of of IN 21781 2774 15 lymphoidal lymphoidal NN 21781 2774 16 tissue tissue NN 21781 2774 17 , , , 21781 2774 18 which which WDT 21781 2774 19 must must MD 21781 2774 20 be be VB 21781 2774 21 very very RB 21781 2774 22 carefully carefully RB 21781 2774 23 cleared clear VBN 21781 2774 24 to to TO 21781 2774 25 see see VB 21781 2774 26 the the DT 21781 2774 27 superior superior JJ 21781 2774 28 mesenteric mesenteric NNP 21781 2774 29 and and CC 21781 2774 30 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 2774 31 arteries artery NNS 21781 2774 32 . . . 21781 2775 1 Separate separate JJ 21781 2775 2 Spigelian spigelian JJ 21781 2775 3 lobe lobe NN 21781 2775 4 from from IN 21781 2775 5 stomach stomach NN 21781 2775 6 , , , 21781 2775 7 and and CC 21781 2775 8 look look VB 21781 2775 9 for for IN 21781 2775 10 vagus vagus NN 21781 2775 11 nerve nerve NN 21781 2775 12 descending descend VBG 21781 2775 13 by by IN 21781 2775 14 oesophagus oesophagus JJ 21781 2775 15 , , , 21781 2775 16 solar solar JJ 21781 2775 17 plexus plexus NN 21781 2775 18 around around IN 21781 2775 19 the the DT 21781 2775 20 superior superior JJ 21781 2775 21 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 2775 22 artery artery NN 21781 2775 23 , , , 21781 2775 24 and and CC 21781 2775 25 thrown throw VBN 21781 2775 26 up up RP 21781 2775 27 very very RB 21781 2775 28 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2775 29 by by IN 21781 2775 30 the the DT 21781 2775 31 purple purple JJ 21781 2775 32 vena vena NNP 21781 2775 33 cava cava NNP 21781 2775 34 inferior inferior NNP 21781 2775 35 beneath beneath NNP 21781 2775 36 , , , 21781 2775 37 and and CC 21781 2775 38 the the DT 21781 2775 39 splanchnic splanchnic JJ 21781 2775 40 nerve nerve NN 21781 2775 41 . . . 21781 2776 1 To to TO 21781 2776 2 see see VB 21781 2776 3 the the DT 21781 2776 4 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 2776 5 sympathetic sympathetic NN 21781 2776 6 behind behind RB 21781 2776 7 , , , 21781 2776 8 gently gently RB 21781 2776 9 remove remove VB 21781 2776 10 the the DT 21781 2776 11 peritoneum peritoneum NN 21781 2776 12 that that WDT 21781 2776 13 lies lie VBZ 21781 2776 14 on on IN 21781 2776 15 either either DT 21781 2776 16 side side NN 21781 2776 17 of of IN 21781 2776 18 the the DT 21781 2776 19 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2776 20 ; ; : 21781 2776 21 blood blood NN 21781 2776 22 - - HYPH 21781 2776 23 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2776 24 will will MD 21781 2776 25 be be VB 21781 2776 26 seen see VBN 21781 2776 27 running run VBG 21781 2776 28 in in RP 21781 2776 29 between between IN 21781 2776 30 the the DT 21781 2776 31 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2776 32 bodies body NNS 21781 2776 33 , , , 21781 2776 34 and and CC 21781 2776 35 the the DT 21781 2776 36 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 2776 37 chain chain NN 21781 2776 38 , , , 21781 2776 39 with with IN 21781 2776 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2776 41 ganglia ganglia NN 21781 2776 42 , , , 21781 2776 43 made make VBD 21781 2776 44 out out RP 21781 2776 45 very very RB 21781 2776 46 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2776 47 , , , 21781 2776 48 as as IN 21781 2776 49 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2776 50 runs run VBZ 21781 2776 51 across across IN 21781 2776 52 them -PRON- PRP 21781 2776 53 longitudinally longitudinally RB 21781 2776 54 . . . 21781 2777 1 Now now RB 21781 2777 2 cut cut VB 21781 2777 3 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 2777 4 just just RB 21781 2777 5 in in IN 21781 2777 6 front front NN 21781 2777 7 of of IN 21781 2777 8 stomach stomach NN 21781 2777 9 , , , 21781 2777 10 and and CC 21781 2777 11 cut cut VBD 21781 2777 12 the the DT 21781 2777 13 rectum rectum NN 21781 2777 14 , , , 21781 2777 15 cut cut VBN 21781 2777 16 through through IN 21781 2777 17 the the DT 21781 2777 18 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 2777 19 supporting support VBG 21781 2777 20 the the DT 21781 2777 21 intestine intestine NN 21781 2777 22 , , , 21781 2777 23 and and CC 21781 2777 24 remove remove VB 21781 2777 25 and and CC 21781 2777 26 unravel unravel JJ 21781 2777 27 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2777 28 canal canal NN 21781 2777 29 ; ; : 21781 2777 30 cut cut VBD 21781 2777 31 open open JJ 21781 2777 32 , , , 21781 2777 33 wash wash VB 21781 2777 34 out out RP 21781 2777 35 , , , 21781 2777 36 and and CC 21781 2777 37 examine examine VB 21781 2777 38 caecum caecum NN 21781 2777 39 and and CC 21781 2777 40 stomach stomach NN 21781 2777 41 . . . 21781 2778 1 Bleeding bleed VBG 21781 2778 2 to to IN 21781 2778 3 a a DT 21781 2778 4 considerable considerable JJ 21781 2778 5 extent extent NN 21781 2778 6 is be VBZ 21781 2778 7 inevitable inevitable JJ 21781 2778 8 , , , 21781 2778 9 chiefly chiefly RB 21781 2778 10 from from IN 21781 2778 11 the the DT 21781 2778 12 portal portal JJ 21781 2778 13 vein vein NN 21781 2778 14 . . . 21781 2779 1 The the DT 21781 2779 2 liver liver NN 21781 2779 3 had have VBD 21781 2779 4 better well RBR 21781 2779 5 remain remain VB 21781 2779 6 if if IN 21781 2779 7 the the DT 21781 2779 8 same same JJ 21781 2779 9 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2779 10 is be VBZ 21781 2779 11 to to TO 21781 2779 12 serve serve VB 21781 2779 13 for for IN 21781 2779 14 the the DT 21781 2779 15 second second JJ 21781 2779 16 dissection dissection NN 21781 2779 17 . . . 21781 2780 1 Second second JJ 21781 2780 2 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2780 3 Skin skin NN 21781 2780 4 front front NN 21781 2780 5 of of IN 21781 2780 6 thorax thorax NN 21781 2780 7 and and CC 21781 2780 8 neck neck NN 21781 2780 9 . . . 21781 2781 1 Note note VB 21781 2781 2 subclavian subclavian JJ 21781 2781 3 veins vein NNS 21781 2781 4 running run VBG 21781 2781 5 out out RB 21781 2781 6 to to IN 21781 2781 7 fore fore NNP 21781 2781 8 limbs-- limbs-- JJ 21781 2781 9 avoid avoid NN 21781 2781 10 cutting cut VBG 21781 2781 11 these these DT 21781 2781 12 . . . 21781 2782 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2782 2 through through IN 21781 2782 3 ribs rib NNS 21781 2782 4 and and CC 21781 2782 5 remove remove VB 21781 2782 6 front front NN 21781 2782 7 of of IN 21781 2782 8 thorax thorax NN 21781 2782 9 , , , 21781 2782 10 to to TO 21781 2782 11 expose expose VB 21781 2782 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2782 13 contents content NNS 21781 2782 14 ; ; : 21781 2782 15 cut cut VB 21781 2782 16 up up RP 21781 2782 17 middle middle JJ 21781 2782 18 line line NN 21781 2782 19 of of IN 21781 2782 20 neck neck NN 21781 2782 21 , , , 21781 2782 22 and and CC 21781 2782 23 clear clear VB 21781 2782 24 off off RP 21781 2782 25 small small JJ 21781 2782 26 muscle muscle NN 21781 2782 27 bands band NNS 21781 2782 28 , , , 21781 2782 29 to to TO 21781 2782 30 expose expose VB 21781 2782 31 bloodvessels bloodvessel NNS 21781 2782 32 ; ; , 21781 2782 33 pick pick VB 21781 2782 34 away away RP 21781 2782 35 carefully carefully RB 21781 2782 36 whatever whatever WDT 21781 2782 37 is be VBZ 21781 2782 38 left leave VBN 21781 2782 39 of of IN 21781 2782 40 thymus thymus NNP 21781 2782 41 gland gland NN 21781 2782 42 ; ; : 21781 2782 43 make make VB 21781 2782 44 out out RP 21781 2782 45 structure structure NN 21781 2782 46 of of IN 21781 2782 47 heart heart NN 21781 2782 48 and and CC 21781 2782 49 blood blood NN 21781 2782 50 - - HYPH 21781 2782 51 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2782 52 , , , 21781 2782 53 as as IN 21781 2782 54 described describe VBN 21781 2782 55 , , , 21781 2782 56 in in IN 21781 2782 57 Chapter chapter NN 21781 2782 58 3 3 CD 21781 2782 59 ; ; : 21781 2782 60 note note VB 21781 2782 61 larynx larynx NNP 21781 2782 62 and and CC 21781 2782 63 trachea trachea NNP 21781 2782 64 . . . 21781 2783 1 Now now RB 21781 2783 2 proceed proceed VB 21781 2783 3 to to IN 21781 2783 4 the the DT 21781 2783 5 examination examination NN 21781 2783 6 of of IN 21781 2783 7 the the DT 21781 2783 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2783 9 of of IN 21781 2783 10 this this DT 21781 2783 11 region region NN 21781 2783 12 . . . 21781 2784 1 See see VB 21781 2784 2 phrenic phrenic JJ 21781 2784 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 2784 4 , , , 21781 2784 5 by by IN 21781 2784 6 vena vena NNP 21781 2784 7 cava cava NNP 21781 2784 8 inferior inferior NNP 21781 2784 9 , , , 21781 2784 10 and and CC 21781 2784 11 between between IN 21781 2784 12 heart heart NN 21781 2784 13 and and CC 21781 2784 14 lungs lung NNS 21781 2784 15 , , , 21781 2784 16 and and CC 21781 2784 17 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 2784 18 , , , 21781 2784 19 running run VBG 21781 2784 20 over over IN 21781 2784 21 the the DT 21781 2784 22 heads head NNS 21781 2784 23 of of IN 21781 2784 24 the the DT 21781 2784 25 ribs rib NNS 21781 2784 26 . . . 21781 2785 1 By by IN 21781 2785 2 the the DT 21781 2785 3 common common JJ 21781 2785 4 carotids carotid NNS 21781 2785 5 will will MD 21781 2785 6 be be VB 21781 2785 7 found find VBN 21781 2785 8 the the DT 21781 2785 9 large large JJ 21781 2785 10 white white JJ 21781 2785 11 vagus vagus NN 21781 2785 12 nerve nerve NN 21781 2785 13 , , , 21781 2785 14 the the DT 21781 2785 15 greyish greyish NN 21781 2785 16 sympathetic sympathetic NN 21781 2785 17 , , , 21781 2785 18 and and CC 21781 2785 19 a a DT 21781 2785 20 small small JJ 21781 2785 21 branch branch NN 21781 2785 22 of of IN 21781 2785 23 X. X. NNP 21781 2785 24 , , , 21781 2785 25 the the DT 21781 2785 26 depressor depressor NN 21781 2785 27 . . . 21781 2786 1 Make make VB 21781 2786 2 out out RP 21781 2786 3 branches branch NNS 21781 2786 4 of of IN 21781 2786 5 X. X. NNP 21781 2786 6 named name VBN 21781 2786 7 in in IN 21781 2786 8 text text NN 21781 2786 9 . . . 21781 2787 1 The the DT 21781 2787 2 big big JJ 21781 2787 3 white white JJ 21781 2787 4 cervical cervical JJ 21781 2787 5 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2787 6 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2787 7 will will MD 21781 2787 8 be be VB 21781 2787 9 evident evident JJ 21781 2787 10 dorsally dorsally RB 21781 2787 11 . . . 21781 2788 1 Clear clear VB 21781 2788 2 forward forward RB 21781 2788 3 into into IN 21781 2788 4 the the DT 21781 2788 5 angle angle NN 21781 2788 6 between between IN 21781 2788 7 the the DT 21781 2788 8 jaw jaw NN 21781 2788 9 and and CC 21781 2788 10 the the DT 21781 2788 11 bulla bulla NNP 21781 2788 12 tympani tympani NNP 21781 2788 13 , , , 21781 2788 14 to to TO 21781 2788 15 see see VB 21781 2788 16 XII XII NNP 21781 2788 17 . . . 21781 2789 1 and and CC 21781 2789 2 XI XI NNP 21781 2789 3 . . . 21781 2790 1 ; ; : 21781 2790 2 IX ix NN 21781 2790 3 . . . 21781 2791 1 will will MD 21781 2791 2 be be VB 21781 2791 3 found find VBN 21781 2791 4 , , , 21781 2791 5 lying lie VBG 21781 2791 6 deeper deep JJR 21781 2791 7 , , , 21781 2791 8 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2791 9 to to IN 21781 2791 10 the the DT 21781 2791 11 carotid carotid JJ 21781 2791 12 artery artery NN 21781 2791 13 and and CC 21781 2791 14 body body NN 21781 2791 15 of of IN 21781 2791 16 the the DT 21781 2791 17 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 2791 18 . . . 21781 2792 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2792 2 with with IN 21781 2792 3 figure figure NN 21781 2792 4 given give VBN 21781 2792 5 of of IN 21781 2792 6 this this DT 21781 2792 7 . . . 21781 2793 1 Skin skin VB 21781 2793 2 the the DT 21781 2793 3 cheek cheek NN 21781 2793 4 , , , 21781 2793 5 and and CC 21781 2793 6 see see VB 21781 2793 7 VII VII NNP 21781 2793 8 . . . 21781 2794 1 running run VBG 21781 2794 2 over over IN 21781 2794 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2794 4 . . . 21781 2795 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2795 2 through through IN 21781 2795 3 malar malar NN 21781 2795 4 and and CC 21781 2795 5 remove remove VB 21781 2795 6 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2795 7 ; ; : 21781 2795 8 cut cut VBN 21781 2795 9 through through IN 21781 2795 10 lower low JJR 21781 2795 11 jaw jaw NN 21781 2795 12 - - HYPH 21781 2795 13 bone bone NN 21781 2795 14 and and CC 21781 2795 15 turn turn VB 21781 2795 16 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2795 17 back back RB 21781 2795 18 , , , 21781 2795 19 to to TO 21781 2795 20 see see VB 21781 2795 21 the the DT 21781 2795 22 third third JJ 21781 2795 23 branch branch NN 21781 2795 24 of of IN 21781 2795 25 the the DT 21781 2795 26 fifth fifth JJ 21781 2795 27 nerve nerve NN 21781 2795 28 on on IN 21781 2795 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2795 30 inner inner JJ 21781 2795 31 side side NN 21781 2795 32 ; ; : 21781 2795 33 examine examine VB 21781 2795 34 the the DT 21781 2795 35 muscles muscle NNS 21781 2795 36 of of IN 21781 2795 37 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 2795 38 , , , 21781 2795 39 and and CC 21781 2795 40 remove remove VB 21781 2795 41 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2795 42 , , , 21781 2795 43 to to TO 21781 2795 44 expose expose VB 21781 2795 45 the the DT 21781 2795 46 first first JJ 21781 2795 47 and and CC 21781 2795 48 second second JJ 21781 2795 49 branches branch NNS 21781 2795 50 of of IN 21781 2795 51 V.-- V.-- NNP 21781 2795 52 the the DT 21781 2795 53 latter latter NN 21781 2795 54 is be VBZ 21781 2795 55 especially especially RB 21781 2795 56 deep deep JJ 21781 2795 57 within within IN 21781 2795 58 orbit orbit NN 21781 2795 59 . . . 21781 2796 1 Remove remove VB 21781 2796 2 , , , 21781 2796 3 open open JJ 21781 2796 4 , , , 21781 2796 5 wash wash VB 21781 2796 6 out out RP 21781 2796 7 , , , 21781 2796 8 and and CC 21781 2796 9 examine examine VB 21781 2796 10 the the DT 21781 2796 11 heart heart NN 21781 2796 12 . . . 21781 2797 1 Shave shave VB 21781 2797 2 off off IN 21781 2797 3 the the DT 21781 2797 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2797 5 wall wall NN 21781 2797 6 of of IN 21781 2797 7 cranium cranium NNP 21781 2797 8 , , , 21781 2797 9 to to TO 21781 2797 10 expose expose VB 21781 2797 11 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 2797 12 of of IN 21781 2797 13 brain brain NN 21781 2797 14 , , , 21781 2797 15 and and CC 21781 2797 16 then then RB 21781 2797 17 put put VB 21781 2797 18 the the DT 21781 2797 19 head head NN 21781 2797 20 in in IN 21781 2797 21 strong strong JJ 21781 2797 22 spirit spirit NN 21781 2797 23 for for IN 21781 2797 24 a a DT 21781 2797 25 week week NN 21781 2797 26 or or CC 21781 2797 27 so so RB 21781 2797 28 . . . 21781 2798 1 With with IN 21781 2798 2 a a DT 21781 2798 3 second second JJ 21781 2798 4 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2798 5 , , , 21781 2798 6 this this DT 21781 2798 7 dissection dissection NN 21781 2798 8 may may MD 21781 2798 9 advantageously advantageously RB 21781 2798 10 be be VB 21781 2798 11 varied vary VBN 21781 2798 12 by by IN 21781 2798 13 removing remove VBG 21781 2798 14 the the DT 21781 2798 15 lower low JJR 21781 2798 16 jaw jaw NN 21781 2798 17 , , , 21781 2798 18 cutting cut VBG 21781 2798 19 -up- -up- , 21781 2798 20 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2798 21 through through IN 21781 2798 22 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2798 23 soft soft JJ 21781 2798 24 palate palate NN 21781 2798 25 , , , 21781 2798 26 and and CC 21781 2798 27 observing observe VBG 21781 2798 28 openings opening NNS 21781 2798 29 of of IN 21781 2798 30 the the DT 21781 2798 31 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 2798 32 tubes tube NNS 21781 2798 33 . . . 21781 2799 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2799 2 The the DT 21781 2799 3 tonsils tonsil NNS 21781 2799 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2799 5 on on IN 21781 2799 6 the the DT 21781 2799 7 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2799 8 side side NN 21781 2799 9 of of IN 21781 2799 10 the the DT 21781 2799 11 soft soft JJ 21781 2799 12 palate palate NN 21781 2799 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2799 14 must must MD 21781 2799 15 not not RB 21781 2799 16 confused confuse VBN 21781 2799 17 with with IN 21781 2799 18 these these DT 21781 2799 19 . . . 21781 2799 20 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2800 1 The the DT 21781 2800 2 heart heart NN 21781 2800 3 should should MD 21781 2800 4 also also RB 21781 2800 5 be be VB 21781 2800 6 cut cut VBN 21781 2800 7 out out RP 21781 2800 8 , , , 21781 2800 9 washed wash VBD 21781 2800 10 out out RP 21781 2800 11 and and CC 21781 2800 12 examined examine VBN 21781 2800 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2800 14 Compare Compare NNP 21781 2800 15 Sections Sections NNP 21781 2800 16 38 38 CD 21781 2800 17 , , , 21781 2800 18 44 44 CD 21781 2800 19 . . . 21781 2800 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2801 1 Third Third NNP 21781 2801 2 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2801 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2801 4 Before before IN 21781 2801 5 this this DT 21781 2801 6 is be VBZ 21781 2801 7 performed perform VBN 21781 2801 8 the the DT 21781 2801 9 mammalian mammalian NNP 21781 2801 10 skull skull NNP 21781 2801 11 should should MD 21781 2801 12 have have VB 21781 2801 13 been be VBN 21781 2801 14 studied study VBN 21781 2801 15 and and CC 21781 2801 16 examined examine VBN 21781 2801 17 . . . 21781 2801 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2802 1 Take take VB 21781 2802 2 the the DT 21781 2802 3 head head NN 21781 2802 4 of of IN 21781 2802 5 a a DT 21781 2802 6 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 2802 7 , , , 21781 2802 8 the the DT 21781 2802 9 brain brain NN 21781 2802 10 of of IN 21781 2802 11 which which WDT 21781 2802 12 has have VBZ 21781 2802 13 been be VBN 21781 2802 14 hardened harden VBN 21781 2802 15 by by IN 21781 2802 16 spirit spirit NN 21781 2802 17 , , , 21781 2802 18 and and CC 21781 2802 19 carefully carefully RB 21781 2802 20 remove remove VB 21781 2802 21 cranium cranium NN 21781 2802 22 ; ; : 21781 2802 23 be be VB 21781 2802 24 particularly particularly RB 21781 2802 25 careful careful JJ 21781 2802 26 in in IN 21781 2802 27 picking pick VBG 21781 2802 28 away away RB 21781 2802 29 the the DT 21781 2802 30 periotic periotic JJ 21781 2802 31 bone bone NN 21781 2802 32 , , , 21781 2802 33 on on IN 21781 2802 34 account account NN 21781 2802 35 of of IN 21781 2802 36 the the DT 21781 2802 37 flocculi flocculi NN 21781 2802 38 of of IN 21781 2802 39 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 2802 40 . . . 21781 2803 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2803 2 is be VBZ 21781 2803 3 difficult difficult JJ 21781 2803 4 to to TO 21781 2803 5 avoid avoid VB 21781 2803 6 injury injury NN 21781 2803 7 to to IN 21781 2803 8 the the DT 21781 2803 9 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 2803 10 body body NN 21781 2803 11 embedded embed VBN 21781 2803 12 in in IN 21781 2803 13 the the DT 21781 2803 14 basisphenoid basisphenoid NN 21781 2803 15 bone bone NN 21781 2803 16 . . . 21781 2804 1 Examine examine VB 21781 2804 2 with with IN 21781 2804 3 the the DT 21781 2804 4 help help NN 21781 2804 5 of of IN 21781 2804 6 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2804 7 8 8 CD 21781 2804 8 . . . 21781 2805 1 Make make VB 21781 2805 2 the the DT 21781 2805 3 sections section NNS 21781 2805 4 there there RB 21781 2805 5 indicated indicate VBD 21781 2805 6 . . . 21781 2806 1 -The -The NFP 21781 2806 2 Frog Frog NNP 21781 2806 3 _ _ NNP 21781 2806 4 May May MD 21781 2806 5 be be VB 21781 2806 6 killed kill VBN 21781 2806 7 by by IN 21781 2806 8 drowning drown VBG 21781 2806 9 in in IN 21781 2806 10 dilute dilute NN 21781 2806 11 methylated methylate VBN 21781 2806 12 spirit spirit NN 21781 2806 13 , , , 21781 2806 14 or or CC 21781 2806 15 by by IN 21781 2806 16 chloroform chloroform NN 21781 2806 17 . . . 21781 2807 1 Take take VB 21781 2807 2 a a DT 21781 2807 3 recently recently RB 21781 2807 4 - - HYPH 21781 2807 5 killed kill VBN 21781 2807 6 frog frog NN 21781 2807 7 , , , 21781 2807 8 and and CC 21781 2807 9 examine examine VB 21781 2807 10 a a DT 21781 2807 11 drop drop NN 21781 2807 12 of of IN 21781 2807 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2807 14 blood blood NN 21781 2807 15 , , , 21781 2807 16 spread spread VBD 21781 2807 17 out out RP 21781 2807 18 on on IN 21781 2807 19 a a DT 21781 2807 20 glass glass NN 21781 2807 21 slip slip NN 21781 2807 22 , , , 21781 2807 23 under under IN 21781 2807 24 the the DT 21781 2807 25 microscope microscope NN 21781 2807 26 ; ; : 21781 2807 27 compare compare VB 21781 2807 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2807 29 with with IN 21781 2807 30 your -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2807 31 own own JJ 21781 2807 32 . . . 21781 2808 1 Before before IN 21781 2808 2 using use VBG 21781 2808 3 the the DT 21781 2808 4 high high JJ 21781 2808 5 power power NN 21781 2808 6 , , , 21781 2808 7 put put VB 21781 2808 8 a a DT 21781 2808 9 cover cover NN 21781 2808 10 glass glass NN 21781 2808 11 over over IN 21781 2808 12 the the DT 21781 2808 13 object object NN 21781 2808 14 , , , 21781 2808 15 of of IN 21781 2808 16 course course NN 21781 2808 17 . . . 21781 2809 1 Scrape scrape VB 21781 2809 2 the the DT 21781 2809 3 roof roof NN 21781 2809 4 of of IN 21781 2809 5 the the DT 21781 2809 6 mouth mouth NN 21781 2809 7 of of IN 21781 2809 8 the the DT 21781 2809 9 frog frog NN 21781 2809 10 gently gently RB 21781 2809 11 , , , 21781 2809 12 to to TO 21781 2809 13 obtain obtain VB 21781 2809 14 ciliated ciliated JJ 21781 2809 15 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 2809 16 ; ; : 21781 2809 17 and and CC 21781 2809 18 mount mount NNP 21781 2809 19 in in RP 21781 2809 20 very very RB 21781 2809 21 weak weak JJ 21781 2809 22 salt salt NN 21781 2809 23 solution-- solution-- NNP 21781 2809 24 the the DT 21781 2809 25 cilia cilia NN 21781 2809 26 will will MD 21781 2809 27 still still RB 21781 2809 28 be be VB 21781 2809 29 active active JJ 21781 2809 30 . . . 21781 2810 1 Squamous squamous JJ 21781 2810 2 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 2810 3 may may MD 21781 2810 4 be be VB 21781 2810 5 seen see VBN 21781 2810 6 by by IN 21781 2810 7 the the DT 21781 2810 8 student student NN 21781 2810 9 similarly similarly RB 21781 2810 10 scraping scrape VBG 21781 2810 11 the the DT 21781 2810 12 interior interior NN 21781 2810 13 of of IN 21781 2810 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2810 15 own own JJ 21781 2810 16 cheek cheek NN 21781 2810 17 . . . 21781 2811 1 Take take VB 21781 2811 2 a a DT 21781 2811 3 piece piece NN 21781 2811 4 of of IN 21781 2811 5 muscle muscle NN 21781 2811 6 from from IN 21781 2811 7 one one CD 21781 2811 8 of of IN 21781 2811 9 the the DT 21781 2811 10 frog frog NN 21781 2811 11 's 's POS 21781 2811 12 limbs limb NNS 21781 2811 13 , , , 21781 2811 14 tease tease VB 21781 2811 15 out out RP 21781 2811 16 with with IN 21781 2811 17 needles needle NNS 21781 2811 18 upon upon IN 21781 2811 19 a a DT 21781 2811 20 glass glass NN 21781 2811 21 slip slip NN 21781 2811 22 , , , 21781 2811 23 and and CC 21781 2811 24 examine examine VBP 21781 2811 25 . . . 21781 2812 1 To to TO 21781 2812 2 see see VB 21781 2812 3 the the DT 21781 2812 4 striations striation NNS 21781 2812 5 clearly clearly RB 21781 2812 6 , , , 21781 2812 7 the the DT 21781 2812 8 high high JJ 21781 2812 9 power power NN 21781 2812 10 will will MD 21781 2812 11 be be VB 21781 2812 12 needed need VBN 21781 2812 13 . . . 21781 2813 1 Compare compare VB 21781 2813 2 a a DT 21781 2813 3 piece piece NN 21781 2813 4 of of IN 21781 2813 5 muscle muscle NN 21781 2813 6 from from IN 21781 2813 7 the the DT 21781 2813 8 wall wall NN 21781 2813 9 of of IN 21781 2813 10 the the DT 21781 2813 11 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2813 12 canal canal NN 21781 2813 13 . . . 21781 2814 1 Similarly similarly RB 21781 2814 2 examine examine VBP 21781 2814 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 2814 4 and and CC 21781 2814 5 connective connective JJ 21781 2814 6 tissue tissue NN 21781 2814 7 . . . 21781 2815 1 First First NNP 21781 2815 2 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2815 3 Pin pin VB 21781 2815 4 out out RP 21781 2815 5 the the DT 21781 2815 6 frog frog NN 21781 2815 7 in in IN 21781 2815 8 a a DT 21781 2815 9 dissecting dissecting NN 21781 2815 10 dish dish NN 21781 2815 11 , , , 21781 2815 12 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2815 13 surface surface NN 21781 2815 14 uppermost uppermost VBN 21781 2815 15 , , , 21781 2815 16 and and CC 21781 2815 17 cover cover VB 21781 2815 18 with with IN 21781 2815 19 water water NN 21781 2815 20 . . . 21781 2816 1 Open open VB 21781 2816 2 up up RP 21781 2816 3 the the DT 21781 2816 4 skin skin NN 21781 2816 5 along along IN 21781 2816 6 the the DT 21781 2816 7 mid mid JJ 21781 2816 8 - - JJ 21781 2816 9 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2816 10 line line NN 21781 2816 11 . . . 21781 2817 1 Note note VB 21781 2817 2 the the DT 21781 2817 3 large large JJ 21781 2817 4 sub sub JJ 21781 2817 5 - - JJ 21781 2817 6 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 2817 7 lymph lymph NN 21781 2817 8 spaces space NNS 21781 2817 9 , , , 21781 2817 10 the the DT 21781 2817 11 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 2817 12 and and CC 21781 2817 13 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 2817 14 girdles girdle NNS 21781 2817 15 , , , 21781 2817 16 and and CC 21781 2817 17 the the DT 21781 2817 18 anterior anterior NNP 21781 2817 19 abdominal abdominal NNP 21781 2817 20 vein vein NNP 21781 2817 21 . . . 21781 2818 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2818 2 into into IN 21781 2818 3 the the DT 21781 2818 4 body body NN 21781 2818 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 2818 6 on on IN 21781 2818 7 one one CD 21781 2818 8 side side NN 21781 2818 9 of of IN 21781 2818 10 this this DT 21781 2818 11 latter latter JJ 21781 2818 12 , , , 21781 2818 13 cut cut VBN 21781 2818 14 across across IN 21781 2818 15 in in IN 21781 2818 16 front front NN 21781 2818 17 of of IN 21781 2818 18 where where WRB 21781 2818 19 the the DT 21781 2818 20 vein vein NN 21781 2818 21 dips dip VBZ 21781 2818 22 down down RP 21781 2818 23 to to IN 21781 2818 24 liver liver NN 21781 2818 25 , , , 21781 2818 26 and and CC 21781 2818 27 peel peel VB 21781 2818 28 the the DT 21781 2818 29 body body NN 21781 2818 30 wall wall NN 21781 2818 31 away away RB 21781 2818 32 from from IN 21781 2818 33 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2818 34 . . . 21781 2819 1 The the DT 21781 2819 2 xiphisternum xiphisternum NN 21781 2819 3 will will MD 21781 2819 4 probably probably RB 21781 2819 5 be be VB 21781 2819 6 cut cut VBN 21781 2819 7 in in IN 21781 2819 8 this this DT 21781 2819 9 operation operation NN 21781 2819 10 . . . 21781 2820 1 In in IN 21781 2820 2 early early JJ 21781 2820 3 spring spring NN 21781 2820 4 the the DT 21781 2820 5 females female NNS 21781 2820 6 are be VBP 21781 2820 7 greatly greatly RB 21781 2820 8 distended distend VBN 21781 2820 9 with with IN 21781 2820 10 ova ova NNP 21781 2820 11 , , , 21781 2820 12 and and CC 21781 2820 13 the the DT 21781 2820 14 greater great JJR 21781 2820 15 portion portion NN 21781 2820 16 of of IN 21781 2820 17 the the DT 21781 2820 18 ovary ovary JJ 21781 2820 19 may may NNP 21781 2820 20 , , , 21781 2820 21 with with IN 21781 2820 22 advantage advantage NN 21781 2820 23 , , , 21781 2820 24 be be VB 21781 2820 25 removed remove VBN 21781 2820 26 . . . 21781 2821 1 The the DT 21781 2821 2 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 2821 3 is be VBZ 21781 2821 4 dead dead JJ 21781 2821 5 white white JJ 21781 2821 6 then then RB 21781 2821 7 , , , 21781 2821 8 and and CC 21781 2821 9 larger large JJR 21781 2821 10 and and CC 21781 2821 11 much much RB 21781 2821 12 more more JJR 21781 2821 13 in in IN 21781 2821 14 evidence evidence NN 21781 2821 15 than than IN 21781 2821 16 the the DT 21781 2821 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2821 18 pinkish pinkish NNP 21781 2821 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2821 20 intestine intestine NN 21781 2821 21 even even RB 21781 2821 22 . . . 21781 2822 1 Turn turn VB 21781 2822 2 over over RP 21781 2822 3 the the DT 21781 2822 4 viscera viscera NN 21781 2822 5 , , , 21781 2822 6 and and CC 21781 2822 7 compare compare VB 21781 2822 8 with with IN 21781 2822 9 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2822 10 11 11 CD 21781 2822 11 ; ; : 21781 2822 12 one one CD 21781 2822 13 lung lung NN 21781 2822 14 is be VBZ 21781 2822 15 often often RB 21781 2822 16 found find VBN 21781 2822 17 greatly greatly RB 21781 2822 18 inflated inflated JJ 21781 2822 19 , , , 21781 2822 20 and and CC 21781 2822 21 then then RB 21781 2822 22 projects project VBZ 21781 2822 23 back back RB 21781 2822 24 into into IN 21781 2822 25 the the DT 21781 2822 26 body body NN 21781 2822 27 cavity cavity NN 21781 2822 28 ; ; : 21781 2822 29 the the DT 21781 2822 30 stomach stomach NN 21781 2822 31 is be VBZ 21781 2822 32 , , , 21781 2822 33 in in IN 21781 2822 34 some some DT 21781 2822 35 cases case NNS 21781 2822 36 , , , 21781 2822 37 pushed push VBN 21781 2822 38 forward forward RB 21781 2822 39 and and CC 21781 2822 40 hidden hide VBN 21781 2822 41 behind behind IN 21781 2822 42 the the DT 21781 2822 43 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 2822 44 girdle girdle NN 21781 2822 45 . . . 21781 2823 1 Observe observe VB 21781 2823 2 the the DT 21781 2823 3 allantoic allantoic JJ 21781 2823 4 bladder bladder NN 21781 2823 5 , , , 21781 2823 6 the the DT 21781 2823 7 spleen spleen NN 21781 2823 8 , , , 21781 2823 9 gall gall NN 21781 2823 10 bladder bladder NN 21781 2823 11 , , , 21781 2823 12 portal portal NNP 21781 2823 13 vein vein NN 21781 2823 14 , , , 21781 2823 15 and and CC 21781 2823 16 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 2823 17 . . . 21781 2824 1 By by IN 21781 2824 2 squeezing squeeze VBG 21781 2824 3 the the DT 21781 2824 4 gall gall NN 21781 2824 5 bladder bladder NN 21781 2824 6 gently gently RB 21781 2824 7 , , , 21781 2824 8 the the DT 21781 2824 9 bile bile NN 21781 2824 10 duct duct NN 21781 2824 11 will will MD 21781 2824 12 be be VB 21781 2824 13 injected inject VBN 21781 2824 14 with with IN 21781 2824 15 bile bile NN 21781 2824 16 , , , 21781 2824 17 and and CC 21781 2824 18 will will MD 21781 2824 19 be be VB 21781 2824 20 apparent apparent JJ 21781 2824 21 if if IN 21781 2824 22 the the DT 21781 2824 23 stomach stomach NN 21781 2824 24 is be VBZ 21781 2824 25 turned turn VBN 21781 2824 26 over over RP 21781 2824 27 . . . 21781 2825 1 The the DT 21781 2825 2 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 2825 3 , , , 21781 2825 4 just just RB 21781 2825 5 in in IN 21781 2825 6 front front NN 21781 2825 7 of of IN 21781 2825 8 the the DT 21781 2825 9 stomach stomach NN 21781 2825 10 , , , 21781 2825 11 should should MD 21781 2825 12 be be VB 21781 2825 13 cut cut VBN 21781 2825 14 through through IN 21781 2825 15 , , , 21781 2825 16 and and CC 21781 2825 17 the the DT 21781 2825 18 rectum rectum NN 21781 2825 19 , , , 21781 2825 20 and and CC 21781 2825 21 the the DT 21781 2825 22 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 2825 23 and and CC 21781 2825 24 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2825 25 canal canal NN 21781 2825 26 supported support VBN 21781 2825 27 by by IN 21781 2825 28 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2825 29 , , , 21781 2825 30 removed remove VBN 21781 2825 31 . . . 21781 2826 1 This this DT 21781 2826 2 will will MD 21781 2826 3 expose expose VB 21781 2826 4 the the DT 21781 2826 5 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 2826 6 organs organ NNS 21781 2826 7 . . . 21781 2827 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2827 2 Vide vide NN 21781 2827 3 Figures figure NNS 21781 2827 4 given give VBN 21781 2827 5 . . . 21781 2827 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2828 1 These these DT 21781 2828 2 vary vary VBP 21781 2828 3 greatly greatly RB 21781 2828 4 , , , 21781 2828 5 especially especially RB 21781 2828 6 in in IN 21781 2828 7 the the DT 21781 2828 8 females female NNS 21781 2828 9 , , , 21781 2828 10 at at IN 21781 2828 11 different different JJ 21781 2828 12 seasons season NNS 21781 2828 13 . . . 21781 2829 1 The the DT 21781 2829 2 condition condition NN 21781 2829 3 figured figure VBN 21781 2829 4 would would MD 21781 2829 5 be be VB 21781 2829 6 seen see VBN 21781 2829 7 in in IN 21781 2829 8 late late JJ 21781 2829 9 autumn autumn NN 21781 2829 10 , , , 21781 2829 11 or or CC 21781 2829 12 winter winter NN 21781 2829 13 . . . 21781 2830 1 In in IN 21781 2830 2 spring spring NN 21781 2830 3 females female NNS 21781 2830 4 are be VBP 21781 2830 5 often often RB 21781 2830 6 found find VBN 21781 2830 7 copulating copulate VBG 21781 2830 8 with with IN 21781 2830 9 males male NNS 21781 2830 10 , , , 21781 2830 11 and and CC 21781 2830 12 then then RB 21781 2830 13 the the DT 21781 2830 14 ovary ovary NN 21781 2830 15 itself -PRON- PRP 21781 2830 16 is be VBZ 21781 2830 17 inconspicuous inconspicuous JJ 21781 2830 18 , , , 21781 2830 19 while while IN 21781 2830 20 the the DT 21781 2830 21 lower low JJR 21781 2830 22 part part NN 21781 2830 23 of of IN 21781 2830 24 the the DT 21781 2830 25 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 2830 26 is be VBZ 21781 2830 27 enormously enormously RB 21781 2830 28 distended distend VBN 21781 2830 29 with with IN 21781 2830 30 ova ova NNP 21781 2830 31 , , , 21781 2830 32 so so IN 21781 2830 33 as as IN 21781 2830 34 to to TO 21781 2830 35 be be VB 21781 2830 36 mistaken mistake VBN 21781 2830 37 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 2830 38 for for IN 21781 2830 39 the the DT 21781 2830 40 ovary ovary JJ 21781 2830 41 by by IN 21781 2830 42 those those DT 21781 2830 43 who who WP 21781 2830 44 fail fail VBP 21781 2830 45 to to TO 21781 2830 46 note note VB 21781 2830 47 that that IN 21781 2830 48 the the DT 21781 2830 49 ova ova NNP 21781 2830 50 are be VBP 21781 2830 51 enclosed enclose VBN 21781 2830 52 by by IN 21781 2830 53 a a DT 21781 2830 54 thin thin JJ 21781 2830 55 semi semi JJ 21781 2830 56 - - JJ 21781 2830 57 transparent transparent JJ 21781 2830 58 skin skin NN 21781 2830 59 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2830 60 wall wall NN 21781 2830 61 of of IN 21781 2830 62 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 2830 63 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2830 64 . . . 21781 2831 1 The the DT 21781 2831 2 vena vena NN 21781 2831 3 cava cava NNP 21781 2831 4 inferior inferior NNP 21781 2831 5 is be VBZ 21781 2831 6 seen see VBN 21781 2831 7 between between IN 21781 2831 8 the the DT 21781 2831 9 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 2831 10 and and CC 21781 2831 11 the the DT 21781 2831 12 renal renal JJ 21781 2831 13 portal portal JJ 21781 2831 14 vein vein NN 21781 2831 15 beside beside IN 21781 2831 16 the the DT 21781 2831 17 ureter ureter NN 21781 2831 18 . . . 21781 2832 1 Cutting cut VBG 21781 2832 2 through through IN 21781 2832 3 the the DT 21781 2832 4 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 2832 5 supporting support VBG 21781 2832 6 the the DT 21781 2832 7 kidney kidney NN 21781 2832 8 laterally laterally RB 21781 2832 9 , , , 21781 2832 10 the the DT 21781 2832 11 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2832 12 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2832 13 is be VBZ 21781 2832 14 exposed expose VBN 21781 2832 15 , , , 21781 2832 16 and and CC 21781 2832 17 on on IN 21781 2832 18 either either DT 21781 2832 19 side side NN 21781 2832 20 of of IN 21781 2832 21 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2832 22 the the DT 21781 2832 23 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 2832 24 chain chain NN 21781 2832 25 and and CC 21781 2832 26 rami rami NN 21781 2832 27 communicantes communicante NNS 21781 2832 28 , , , 21781 2832 29 often often RB 21781 2832 30 tinged tinge VBN 21781 2832 31 with with IN 21781 2832 32 black black JJ 21781 2832 33 pigment pigment NN 21781 2832 34 . . . 21781 2833 1 This this DT 21781 2833 2 black black JJ 21781 2833 3 pigment pigment NN 21781 2833 4 is be VBZ 21781 2833 5 a a DT 21781 2833 6 frequent frequent JJ 21781 2833 7 but but CC 21781 2833 8 variable variable JJ 21781 2833 9 feature feature NN 21781 2833 10 of of IN 21781 2833 11 the the DT 21781 2833 12 frog frog NN 21781 2833 13 's 's POS 21781 2833 14 anatomy anatomy NN 21781 2833 15 , , , 21781 2833 16 and and CC 21781 2833 17 usually usually RB 21781 2833 18 dapples dapple VBZ 21781 2833 19 or or CC 21781 2833 20 blackens blacken VBZ 21781 2833 21 the the DT 21781 2833 22 testes testis NNS 21781 2833 23 , , , 21781 2833 24 and and CC 21781 2833 25 also also RB 21781 2833 26 sometimes sometimes RB 21781 2833 27 darkens darken VBZ 21781 2833 28 the the DT 21781 2833 29 otherwise otherwise RB 21781 2833 30 pale pale JJ 21781 2833 31 pink pink JJ 21781 2833 32 arteries artery NNS 21781 2833 33 . . . 21781 2834 1 Behind behind IN 21781 2834 2 the the DT 21781 2834 3 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 2834 4 the the DT 21781 2834 5 sciatic sciatic JJ 21781 2834 6 plexus plexus NN 21781 2834 7 also also RB 21781 2834 8 becomes become VBZ 21781 2834 9 visible visible JJ 21781 2834 10 . . . 21781 2835 1 Careful careful JJ 21781 2835 2 drawings drawing NNS 21781 2835 3 should should MD 21781 2835 4 be be VB 21781 2835 5 made make VBN 21781 2835 6 . . . 21781 2836 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2836 2 off off RP 21781 2836 3 the the DT 21781 2836 4 head head NN 21781 2836 5 of of IN 21781 2836 6 the the DT 21781 2836 7 frog frog NN 21781 2836 8 , , , 21781 2836 9 shave shave VB 21781 2836 10 off off RP 21781 2836 11 top top NN 21781 2836 12 of of IN 21781 2836 13 brain brain NN 21781 2836 14 case case NN 21781 2836 15 , , , 21781 2836 16 and and CC 21781 2836 17 put put VBD 21781 2836 18 the the DT 21781 2836 19 head head NN 21781 2836 20 in in IN 21781 2836 21 strong strong JJ 21781 2836 22 spirit spirit NN 21781 2836 23 . . . 21781 2837 1 Second second JJ 21781 2837 2 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2837 3 A a DT 21781 2837 4 fresh fresh JJ 21781 2837 5 frog frog NN 21781 2837 6 is be VBZ 21781 2837 7 required require VBN 21781 2837 8 . . . 21781 2838 1 Pin pin VB 21781 2838 2 out out RP 21781 2838 3 under under IN 21781 2838 4 water water NN 21781 2838 5 as as IN 21781 2838 6 before before RB 21781 2838 7 , , , 21781 2838 8 and and CC 21781 2838 9 open open VB 21781 2838 10 up up RP 21781 2838 11 body body NN 21781 2838 12 cavity cavity NN 21781 2838 13 . . . 21781 2839 1 Now now RB 21781 2839 2 carefully carefully RB 21781 2839 3 remove remove VB 21781 2839 4 the the DT 21781 2839 5 muscle muscle NN 21781 2839 6 from from IN 21781 2839 7 the the DT 21781 2839 8 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2839 9 portion portion NN 21781 2839 10 of of IN 21781 2839 11 the the DT 21781 2839 12 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 2839 13 girdle girdle NN 21781 2839 14 , , , 21781 2839 15 to to TO 21781 2839 16 expose expose VB 21781 2839 17 the the DT 21781 2839 18 clavicles clavicle NNS 21781 2839 19 and and CC 21781 2839 20 coracoids coracoid NNS 21781 2839 21 . . . 21781 2840 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2840 2 away away RB 21781 2840 3 xiphisternum xiphisternum NN 21781 2840 4 , , , 21781 2840 5 and and CC 21781 2840 6 then then RB 21781 2840 7 cut cut VBD 21781 2840 8 through through IN 21781 2840 9 clavicles clavicle NNS 21781 2840 10 and and CC 21781 2840 11 coracoids coracoid NNS 21781 2840 12 on on IN 21781 2840 13 either either DT 21781 2840 14 side side NN 21781 2840 15 , , , 21781 2840 16 and and CC 21781 2840 17 remove remove VB 21781 2840 18 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2840 19 part part NN 21781 2840 20 of of IN 21781 2840 21 shoulder shoulder NN 21781 2840 22 girdle girdle NNP 21781 2840 23 , , , 21781 2840 24 to to TO 21781 2840 25 expose expose VB 21781 2840 26 the the DT 21781 2840 27 heart heart NN 21781 2840 28 . . . 21781 2841 1 Open open VB 21781 2841 2 out out RP 21781 2841 3 the the DT 21781 2841 4 cut cut JJ 21781 2841 5 portions portion NNS 21781 2841 6 of of IN 21781 2841 7 body body NN 21781 2841 8 wall wall NN 21781 2841 9 and and CC 21781 2841 10 pin pin NN 21781 2841 11 . . . 21781 2842 1 The the DT 21781 2842 2 veins vein NNS 21781 2842 3 going go VBG 21781 2842 4 towards towards IN 21781 2842 5 the the DT 21781 2842 6 heart heart NN 21781 2842 7 should should MD 21781 2842 8 now now RB 21781 2842 9 , , , 21781 2842 10 with with IN 21781 2842 11 a a DT 21781 2842 12 little little JJ 21781 2842 13 examination examination NN 21781 2842 14 , , , 21781 2842 15 be be VB 21781 2842 16 evident evident JJ 21781 2842 17 . . . 21781 2843 1 Make make VB 21781 2843 2 out out RP 21781 2843 3 the the DT 21781 2843 4 external external JJ 21781 2843 5 jugular jugular NN 21781 2843 6 , , , 21781 2843 7 the the DT 21781 2843 8 innominate innominate JJ 21781 2843 9 , , , 21781 2843 10 and and CC 21781 2843 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2843 12 two two CD 21781 2843 13 branches branch NNS 21781 2843 14 , , , 21781 2843 15 and and CC 21781 2843 16 the the DT 21781 2843 17 pulmo pulmo RB 21781 2843 18 - - HYPH 21781 2843 19 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 2843 20 and and CC 21781 2843 21 vena vena VB 21781 2843 22 cava cava NNP 21781 2843 23 superior superior NNP 21781 2843 24 . . . 21781 2844 1 Clear clear JJ 21781 2844 2 by by IN 21781 2844 3 carefully carefully RB 21781 2844 4 picking pick VBG 21781 2844 5 away away RP 21781 2844 6 any any DT 21781 2844 7 shreds shred NNS 21781 2844 8 of of IN 21781 2844 9 semi semi JJ 21781 2844 10 - - JJ 21781 2844 11 transparent transparent JJ 21781 2844 12 tissue tissue NN 21781 2844 13 . . . 21781 2845 1 Make make VB 21781 2845 2 out out RP 21781 2845 3 , , , 21781 2845 4 by by IN 21781 2845 5 feeling feel VBG 21781 2845 6 , , , 21781 2845 7 the the DT 21781 2845 8 position position NN 21781 2845 9 of of IN 21781 2845 10 the the DT 21781 2845 11 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 2845 12 body body NN 21781 2845 13 , , , 21781 2845 14 and and CC 21781 2845 15 of of IN 21781 2845 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2845 17 anterior anterior NN 21781 2845 18 cornua cornua NN 21781 2845 19 . . . 21781 2846 1 Note note VB 21781 2846 2 the the DT 21781 2846 3 hypoglossal hypoglossal NN 21781 2846 4 nerve nerve NN 21781 2846 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2846 6 first first JJ 21781 2846 7 spinal spinal NN 21781 2846 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2846 9 running run VBG 21781 2846 10 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2846 11 to to IN 21781 2846 12 this this DT 21781 2846 13 , , , 21781 2846 14 and and CC 21781 2846 15 the the DT 21781 2846 16 ninth ninth JJ 21781 2846 17 cranial cranial JJ 21781 2846 18 nerve nerve NN 21781 2846 19 , , , 21781 2846 20 running run VBG 21781 2846 21 parallel parallel NN 21781 2846 22 to to IN 21781 2846 23 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2846 24 but but CC 21781 2846 25 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2846 26 to to IN 21781 2846 27 the the DT 21781 2846 28 hyoid-- hyoid-- JJ 21781 2846 29 hidden hide VBN 21781 2846 30 therefore therefore RB 21781 2846 31 by by IN 21781 2846 32 the the DT 21781 2846 33 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 2846 34 , , , 21781 2846 35 and and CC 21781 2846 36 reappearing reappear VBG 21781 2846 37 in in IN 21781 2846 38 front front NN 21781 2846 39 . . . 21781 2847 1 The the DT 21781 2847 2 vagus vagus NN 21781 2847 3 may may MD 21781 2847 4 also also RB 21781 2847 5 be be VB 21781 2847 6 made make VBN 21781 2847 7 out out RP 21781 2847 8 less less RBR 21781 2847 9 distinctly distinctly RB 21781 2847 10 , , , 21781 2847 11 running run VBG 21781 2847 12 " " `` 21781 2847 13 postero postero NN 21781 2847 14 - - : 21781 2847 15 ventrally ventrally RB 21781 2847 16 " " '' 21781 2847 17 towards towards IN 21781 2847 18 the the DT 21781 2847 19 heart heart NN 21781 2847 20 . . . 21781 2848 1 By by IN 21781 2848 2 clearing clear VBG 21781 2848 3 the the DT 21781 2848 4 muscle muscle NN 21781 2848 5 by by IN 21781 2848 6 the the DT 21781 2848 7 rumus rumus NN 21781 2848 8 of of IN 21781 2848 9 the the DT 21781 2848 10 jaw jaw NN 21781 2848 11 , , , 21781 2848 12 VII VII NNP 21781 2848 13 . . . 21781 2849 1 may may MD 21781 2849 2 be be VB 21781 2849 3 seen see VBN 21781 2849 4 , , , 21781 2849 5 and and CC 21781 2849 6 the the DT 21781 2849 7 third third JJ 21781 2849 8 branch branch NN 21781 2849 9 of of IN 21781 2849 10 V. V. NNP 21781 2849 11 , , , 21781 2849 12 running run VBG 21781 2849 13 across across IN 21781 2849 14 the the DT 21781 2849 15 jaw jaw NN 21781 2849 16 at at IN 21781 2849 17 about about IN 21781 2849 18 the the DT 21781 2849 19 middle middle NN 21781 2849 20 of of IN 21781 2849 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2849 22 length length NN 21781 2849 23 . . . 21781 2850 1 Pick pick VB 21781 2850 2 off off RP 21781 2850 3 the the DT 21781 2850 4 thin thin JJ 21781 2850 5 transparent transparent JJ 21781 2850 6 pericardium pericardium NN 21781 2850 7 from from IN 21781 2850 8 the the DT 21781 2850 9 heart heart NN 21781 2850 10 very very RB 21781 2850 11 carefully carefully RB 21781 2850 12 , , , 21781 2850 13 and and CC 21781 2850 14 proceed proceed VBP 21781 2850 15 to to TO 21781 2850 16 cut cut VB 21781 2850 17 away away RB 21781 2850 18 all all PDT 21781 2850 19 the the DT 21781 2850 20 veins vein NNS 21781 2850 21 made make VBD 21781 2850 22 out out RP 21781 2850 23 . . . 21781 2851 1 The the DT 21781 2851 2 truncus truncus JJ 21781 2851 3 arteriosus arteriosus NN 21781 2851 4 may may MD 21781 2851 5 then then RB 21781 2851 6 be be VB 21781 2851 7 followed follow VBN 21781 2851 8 up up RP 21781 2851 9 as as IN 21781 2851 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2851 11 branches branch VBZ 21781 2851 12 . . . 21781 2852 1 Note note VB 21781 2852 2 all all PDT 21781 2852 3 the the DT 21781 2852 4 branches branch NNS 21781 2852 5 shown show VBN 21781 2852 6 in in IN 21781 2852 7 the the DT 21781 2852 8 figures figure NNS 21781 2852 9 in in IN 21781 2852 10 this this DT 21781 2852 11 book book NN 21781 2852 12 . . . 21781 2853 1 The the DT 21781 2853 2 precise precise JJ 21781 2853 3 position position NN 21781 2853 4 of of IN 21781 2853 5 the the DT 21781 2853 6 vessels vessel NNS 21781 2853 7 will will MD 21781 2853 8 vary vary VB 21781 2853 9 to to IN 21781 2853 10 a a DT 21781 2853 11 certain certain JJ 21781 2853 12 extent extent NN 21781 2853 13 with with IN 21781 2853 14 the the DT 21781 2853 15 attitude attitude NN 21781 2853 16 in in IN 21781 2853 17 which which WDT 21781 2853 18 the the DT 21781 2853 19 frog frog NN 21781 2853 20 is be VBZ 21781 2853 21 pinned pin VBN 21781 2853 22 . . . 21781 2854 1 The the DT 21781 2854 2 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 2854 3 artery artery NN 21781 2854 4 will will MD 21781 2854 5 prevent prevent VB 21781 2854 6 the the DT 21781 2854 7 student student NN 21781 2854 8 following follow VBG 21781 2854 9 up up IN 21781 2854 10 the the DT 21781 2854 11 aortic aortic JJ 21781 2854 12 arch arch NN 21781 2854 13 until until IN 21781 2854 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2854 15 is be VBZ 21781 2854 16 cut cut VBN 21781 2854 17 ; ; : 21781 2854 18 then then RB 21781 2854 19 the the DT 21781 2854 20 arch arch NN 21781 2854 21 may may MD 21781 2854 22 be be VB 21781 2854 23 followed follow VBN 21781 2854 24 round round NN 21781 2854 25 until until IN 21781 2854 26 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2854 27 meets meet VBZ 21781 2854 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2854 29 fellow fellow NN 21781 2854 30 to to TO 21781 2854 31 form form VB 21781 2854 32 the the DT 21781 2854 33 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2854 34 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2854 35 . . . 21781 2855 1 Note note VB 21781 2855 2 the the DT 21781 2855 3 sympathetic sympathetic NN 21781 2855 4 again again RB 21781 2855 5 . . . 21781 2856 1 Make make VB 21781 2856 2 careful careful JJ 21781 2856 3 drawings drawing NNS 21781 2856 4 of of IN 21781 2856 5 all all PDT 21781 2856 6 this this DT 21781 2856 7 . . . 21781 2857 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2857 2 off off RP 21781 2857 3 lower low JJR 21781 2857 4 jaw jaw NN 21781 2857 5 , , , 21781 2857 6 and and CC 21781 2857 7 note note VB 21781 2857 8 posterior posterior NN 21781 2857 9 nares naris NNS 21781 2857 10 and and CC 21781 2857 11 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 2857 12 openings opening NNS 21781 2857 13 . . . 21781 2858 1 If if IN 21781 2858 2 time time NN 21781 2858 3 allows allow VBZ 21781 2858 4 , , , 21781 2858 5 remove remove VB 21781 2858 6 the the DT 21781 2858 7 heart heart NN 21781 2858 8 , , , 21781 2858 9 and and CC 21781 2858 10 examine examine VB 21781 2858 11 by by IN 21781 2858 12 cutting cut VBG 21781 2858 13 open open JJ 21781 2858 14 and and CC 21781 2858 15 washing washing JJ 21781 2858 16 . . . 21781 2859 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2859 2 Compare compare VB 21781 2859 3 , , , 21781 2859 4 Section section NN 21781 2859 5 44 44 CD 21781 2859 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2859 7 Remove remove VB 21781 2859 8 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 2859 9 , , , 21781 2859 10 to to TO 21781 2859 11 see see VB 21781 2859 12 the the DT 21781 2859 13 first first JJ 21781 2859 14 and and CC 21781 2859 15 second second JJ 21781 2859 16 branches branch NNS 21781 2859 17 of of IN 21781 2859 18 the the DT 21781 2859 19 fifth fifth JJ 21781 2859 20 nerve nerve NN 21781 2859 21 , , , 21781 2859 22 and and CC 21781 2859 23 the the DT 21781 2859 24 Vidian Vidian NNP 21781 2859 25 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2859 26 i.e. i.e. FW 21781 2860 1 palatial palatial JJ 21781 2860 2 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2860 3 branch branch NN 21781 2860 4 of of IN 21781 2860 5 the the DT 21781 2860 6 seventh seventh JJ 21781 2860 7 . . . 21781 2861 1 Third Third NNP 21781 2861 2 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2861 3 Read read VB 21781 2861 4 the the DT 21781 2861 5 account account NN 21781 2861 6 of of IN 21781 2861 7 the the DT 21781 2861 8 frog frog NN 21781 2861 9 's 's POS 21781 2861 10 skull skull NN 21781 2861 11 carefully carefully RB 21781 2861 12 . . . 21781 2862 1 Take take VB 21781 2862 2 the the DT 21781 2862 3 head head NN 21781 2862 4 of of IN 21781 2862 5 a a DT 21781 2862 6 recently recently RB 21781 2862 7 killed kill VBN 21781 2862 8 frog frog NN 21781 2862 9 and and CC 21781 2862 10 drop drop VB 21781 2862 11 into into IN 21781 2862 12 boiling boiling NN 21781 2862 13 water water NN 21781 2862 14 for for IN 21781 2862 15 a a DT 21781 2862 16 minute minute NN 21781 2862 17 . . . 21781 2863 1 Then then RB 21781 2863 2 pick pick VB 21781 2863 3 off off RP 21781 2863 4 , , , 21781 2863 5 very very RB 21781 2863 6 carefully carefully RB 21781 2863 7 , , , 21781 2863 8 muscle muscle NN 21781 2863 9 , , , 21781 2863 10 connective connective JJ 21781 2863 11 tissue tissue NN 21781 2863 12 , , , 21781 2863 13 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2863 14 , , , 21781 2863 15 and and CC 21781 2863 16 etc etc FW 21781 2863 17 . . . 21781 2863 18 , , , 21781 2863 19 to to TO 21781 2863 20 clear clear VB 21781 2863 21 the the DT 21781 2863 22 cranio cranio NN 21781 2863 23 - - HYPH 21781 2863 24 facial facial JJ 21781 2863 25 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 2863 26 ; ; : 21781 2863 27 examine examine VB 21781 2863 28 the the DT 21781 2863 29 bones bone NNS 21781 2863 30 , , , 21781 2863 31 compare compare VBP 21781 2863 32 with with IN 21781 2863 33 figures figure NNS 21781 2863 34 given give VBN 21781 2863 35 in in IN 21781 2863 36 this this DT 21781 2863 37 book book NN 21781 2863 38 , , , 21781 2863 39 and and CC 21781 2863 40 draw draw VB 21781 2863 41 . . . 21781 2864 1 Take take VB 21781 2864 2 the the DT 21781 2864 3 head head NN 21781 2864 4 , , , 21781 2864 5 which which WDT 21781 2864 6 has have VBZ 21781 2864 7 been be VBN 21781 2864 8 in in IN 21781 2864 9 spirit spirit NN 21781 2864 10 a a DT 21781 2864 11 fortnight fortnight NN 21781 2864 12 or or CC 21781 2864 13 so so RB 21781 2864 14 , , , 21781 2864 15 pick pick VB 21781 2864 16 away away RP 21781 2864 17 cranium cranium NN 21781 2864 18 , , , 21781 2864 19 and and CC 21781 2864 20 compare compare VB 21781 2864 21 brain brain NN 21781 2864 22 with with IN 21781 2864 23 figures figure NNS 21781 2864 24 given give VBN 21781 2864 25 . . . 21781 2865 1 Examine examine NN 21781 2865 2 ventricles ventricle NNS 21781 2865 3 , , , 21781 2865 4 by by IN 21781 2865 5 taking take VBG 21781 2865 6 sections section NNS 21781 2865 7 , , , 21781 2865 8 after after IN 21781 2865 9 drawings drawing NNS 21781 2865 10 have have VBP 21781 2865 11 been be VBN 21781 2865 12 made make VBN 21781 2865 13 . . . 21781 2866 1 -The -The NFP 21781 2866 2 Dog Dog NNP 21781 2866 3 - - HYPH 21781 2866 4 Fish- Fish- NNP 21781 2866 5 First First NNP 21781 2866 6 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2866 7 Examine Examine NNP 21781 2866 8 external external JJ 21781 2866 9 characters character NNS 21781 2866 10 , , , 21781 2866 11 nasal nasal NN 21781 2866 12 grooves-- grooves-- VB 21781 2866 13 no no DT 21781 2866 14 internal internal JJ 21781 2866 15 nares-- nares-- NNP 21781 2866 16 fins fin NNS 21781 2866 17 , , , 21781 2866 18 spiracle spiracle NNP 21781 2866 19 , , , 21781 2866 20 scales scale VBZ 21781 2866 21 passing pass VBG 21781 2866 22 over over RP 21781 2866 23 lips lip NNS 21781 2866 24 , , , 21781 2866 25 and and CC 21781 2866 26 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 2866 27 . . . 21781 2867 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2867 2 off off RP 21781 2867 3 tail tail NN 21781 2867 4 below below IN 21781 2867 5 the the DT 21781 2867 6 cloacal cloacal JJ 21781 2867 7 opening opening NN 21781 2867 8 . . . 21781 2868 1 The the DT 21781 2868 2 males male NNS 21781 2868 3 are be VBP 21781 2868 4 distinguished distinguish VBN 21781 2868 5 by by IN 21781 2868 6 the the DT 21781 2868 7 large large JJ 21781 2868 8 claspers clasper NNS 21781 2868 9 along along IN 21781 2868 10 the the DT 21781 2868 11 inner inner JJ 21781 2868 12 edge edge NN 21781 2868 13 of of IN 21781 2868 14 the the DT 21781 2868 15 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 2868 16 fin fin NN 21781 2868 17 . . . 21781 2869 1 Open open VB 21781 2869 2 up up RP 21781 2869 3 body body NN 21781 2869 4 cavity cavity NN 21781 2869 5 . . . 21781 2870 1 Usually usually RB 21781 2870 2 this this DT 21781 2870 3 is be VBZ 21781 2870 4 in in IN 21781 2870 5 a a DT 21781 2870 6 terrible terrible JJ 21781 2870 7 mess mess NN 21781 2870 8 in in IN 21781 2870 9 the the DT 21781 2870 10 fish fish NN 21781 2870 11 supplied supply VBN 21781 2870 12 by by IN 21781 2870 13 dealers dealer NNS 21781 2870 14 , , , 21781 2870 15 through through IN 21781 2870 16 the the DT 21781 2870 17 post post JJ 21781 2870 18 - - JJ 21781 2870 19 mortem mortem JJ 21781 2870 20 digestion digestion NN 21781 2870 21 of of IN 21781 2870 22 the the DT 21781 2870 23 stomach stomach NN 21781 2870 24 . . . 21781 2871 1 Wash wash VB 21781 2871 2 out out RP 21781 2871 3 all all PDT 21781 2871 4 this this DT 21781 2871 5 under under IN 21781 2871 6 a a DT 21781 2871 7 stream stream NN 21781 2871 8 of of IN 21781 2871 9 water water NN 21781 2871 10 from from IN 21781 2871 11 a a DT 21781 2871 12 tap tap NN 21781 2871 13 or or CC 21781 2871 14 water water NN 21781 2871 15 - - HYPH 21781 2871 16 bottle bottle NN 21781 2871 17 . . . 21781 2872 1 Frequently frequently RB 21781 2872 2 the the DT 21781 2872 3 testes testis NNS 21781 2872 4 are be VBP 21781 2872 5 washed wash VBN 21781 2872 6 out out IN 21781 2872 7 of of IN 21781 2872 8 the the DT 21781 2872 9 male male NN 21781 2872 10 in in IN 21781 2872 11 this this DT 21781 2872 12 operation operation NN 21781 2872 13 and and CC 21781 2872 14 ova ova VB 21781 2872 15 from from IN 21781 2872 16 the the DT 21781 2872 17 loose loose JJ 21781 2872 18 ovaries ovary NNS 21781 2872 19 in in IN 21781 2872 20 the the DT 21781 2872 21 female female NN 21781 2872 22 . . . 21781 2873 1 Now now RB 21781 2873 2 compare compare VB 21781 2873 3 with with IN 21781 2873 4 figure figure NN 21781 2873 5 given give VBN 21781 2873 6 in in IN 21781 2873 7 this this DT 21781 2873 8 book book NN 21781 2873 9 , , , 21781 2873 10 allowing allow VBG 21781 2873 11 for for IN 21781 2873 12 the the DT 21781 2873 13 collapse collapse NN 21781 2873 14 of of IN 21781 2873 15 the the DT 21781 2873 16 stomach stomach NN 21781 2873 17 , , , 21781 2873 18 if if IN 21781 2873 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2873 20 has have VBZ 21781 2873 21 occurred occur VBN 21781 2873 22 . . . 21781 2874 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2874 2 through through IN 21781 2874 3 the the DT 21781 2874 4 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 2874 5 and and CC 21781 2874 6 rectum rectum NN 21781 2874 7 , , , 21781 2874 8 and and CC 21781 2874 9 remove remove VB 21781 2874 10 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 2874 11 canal canal NN 21781 2874 12 from from IN 21781 2874 13 body body NN 21781 2874 14 ; ; : 21781 2874 15 cut cut VBD 21781 2874 16 open open JJ 21781 2874 17 and and CC 21781 2874 18 wash wash VB 21781 2874 19 out out RP 21781 2874 20 the the DT 21781 2874 21 intestine intestine NN 21781 2874 22 , , , 21781 2874 23 and and CC 21781 2874 24 examine examine VB 21781 2874 25 spiral spiral JJ 21781 2874 26 valve valve NN 21781 2874 27 . . . 21781 2875 1 Now now RB 21781 2875 2 make make VB 21781 2875 3 a a DT 21781 2875 4 careful careful JJ 21781 2875 5 examination examination NN 21781 2875 6 of of IN 21781 2875 7 the the DT 21781 2875 8 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 2875 9 and and CC 21781 2875 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2875 11 apertures aperture NNS 21781 2875 12 , , , 21781 2875 13 and and CC 21781 2875 14 dissect dissect VB 21781 2875 15 away away RP 21781 2875 16 the the DT 21781 2875 17 peritoneum peritoneum NN 21781 2875 18 hiding hide VBG 21781 2875 19 the the DT 21781 2875 20 kidney kidney NN 21781 2875 21 . . . 21781 2876 1 In in IN 21781 2876 2 the the DT 21781 2876 3 female female NN 21781 2876 4 find find VBP 21781 2876 5 the the DT 21781 2876 6 opening opening NN 21781 2876 7 of of IN 21781 2876 8 the the DT 21781 2876 9 oviducts oviduct NNS 21781 2876 10 in in IN 21781 2876 11 front front NN 21781 2876 12 of of IN 21781 2876 13 the the DT 21781 2876 14 liver liver NN 21781 2876 15 . . . 21781 2877 1 Remove remove VB 21781 2877 2 liver liver NN 21781 2877 3 , , , 21781 2877 4 and and CC 21781 2877 5 cut cut VBD 21781 2877 6 off off RP 21781 2877 7 body body NN 21781 2877 8 now now RB 21781 2877 9 behind behind IN 21781 2877 10 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 2877 11 fin fin NNP 21781 2877 12 . . . 21781 2878 1 Before before IN 21781 2878 2 throwing throw VBG 21781 2878 3 tail tail NN 21781 2878 4 and and CC 21781 2878 5 hinder hinder NN 21781 2878 6 part part NN 21781 2878 7 of of IN 21781 2878 8 body body NN 21781 2878 9 away away RB 21781 2878 10 , , , 21781 2878 11 note note VB 21781 2878 12 the the DT 21781 2878 13 myotomes myotome NNS 21781 2878 14 of of IN 21781 2878 15 body body NN 21781 2878 16 wall wall NN 21781 2878 17 , , , 21781 2878 18 the the DT 21781 2878 19 notochord notochord NN 21781 2878 20 and and CC 21781 2878 21 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2878 22 body body NN 21781 2878 23 , , , 21781 2878 24 neural neural JJ 21781 2878 25 canal canal NN 21781 2878 26 , , , 21781 2878 27 and and CC 21781 2878 28 , , , 21781 2878 29 in in IN 21781 2878 30 the the DT 21781 2878 31 tail tail NN 21781 2878 32 , , , 21781 2878 33 the the DT 21781 2878 34 haemal haemal JJ 21781 2878 35 canal canal NN 21781 2878 36 . . . 21781 2879 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2879 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2879 3 See see VB 21781 2879 4 { { -LRB- 21781 2879 5 Section section NN 21781 2879 6 9 9 CD 21781 2879 7 the the DT 21781 2879 8 Dog Dog NNP 21781 2879 9 - - HYPH 21781 2879 10 fish fish NN 21781 2879 11 } } -RRB- 21781 2879 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2879 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2879 14 { { -LRB- 21781 2879 15 Lines line NNS 21781 2879 16 from from IN 21781 2879 17 First First NNP 21781 2879 18 Edition Edition NNP 21781 2879 19 only only RB 21781 2879 20 . . . 21781 2879 21 } } -RRB- 21781 2880 1 -The -The NFP 21781 2880 2 relation relation NN 21781 2880 3 of of IN 21781 2880 4 the the DT 21781 2880 5 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2880 6 bodies body NNS 21781 2880 7 to to IN 21781 2880 8 the the DT 21781 2880 9 notochord notochord NN 21781 2880 10 may may MD 21781 2880 11 be be VB 21781 2880 12 very very RB 21781 2880 13 well well RB 21781 2880 14 seen see VBN 21781 2880 15 by by IN 21781 2880 16 taking take VBG 21781 2880 17 successive successive JJ 21781 2880 18 slices slice NNS 21781 2880 19 , , , 21781 2880 20 about about RB 21781 2880 21 one one CD 21781 2880 22 - - HYPH 21781 2880 23 tenth tenth NN 21781 2880 24 of of IN 21781 2880 25 an an DT 21781 2880 26 inch inch NN 21781 2880 27 thick thick JJ 21781 2880 28 , , , 21781 2880 29 through through IN 21781 2880 30 the the DT 21781 2880 31 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2880 32 body body NN 21781 2880 33 . . . 21781 2881 1 The the DT 21781 2881 2 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 2881 3 is be VBZ 21781 2881 4 hard hard JJ 21781 2881 5 and and CC 21781 2881 6 semi semi JJ 21781 2881 7 - - JJ 21781 2881 8 transparent transparent JJ 21781 2881 9 , , , 21781 2881 10 the the DT 21781 2881 11 notochord notochord NN 21781 2881 12 jelly jelly RB 21781 2881 13 - - HYPH 21781 2881 14 like like JJ 21781 2881 15 , , , 21781 2881 16 least least JJS 21781 2881 17 at at IN 21781 2881 18 the the DT 21781 2881 19 centres centre NNS 21781 2881 20 of of IN 21781 2881 21 the the DT 21781 2881 22 centra centra NNP 21781 2881 23 , , , 21781 2881 24 and and CC 21781 2881 25 at at IN 21781 2881 26 a a DT 21781 2881 27 maximum maximum JJ 21781 2881 28 intervertebrally.- intervertebrally.- NNP 21781 2881 29 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2881 30 The the DT 21781 2881 31 notochord notochord NN 21781 2881 32 is be VBZ 21781 2881 33 a a DT 21781 2881 34 soft soft JJ 21781 2881 35 jelly jelly NN 21781 2881 36 . . . 21781 2881 37 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2882 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2882 2 away away RB 21781 2882 3 the the DT 21781 2882 4 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2882 5 part part NN 21781 2882 6 of of IN 21781 2882 7 the the DT 21781 2882 8 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 2882 9 girdle girdle NN 21781 2882 10 , , , 21781 2882 11 to to TO 21781 2882 12 open open VB 21781 2882 13 pericardium pericardium NN 21781 2882 14 . . . 21781 2883 1 With with IN 21781 2883 2 a a DT 21781 2883 3 seeker seeker NN 21781 2883 4 , , , 21781 2883 5 make make VB 21781 2883 6 out out RP 21781 2883 7 the the DT 21781 2883 8 pericardio pericardio NN 21781 2883 9 peritoneal peritoneal NN 21781 2883 10 opening opening NN 21781 2883 11 . . . 21781 2884 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2884 2 into into IN 21781 2884 3 the the DT 21781 2884 4 sinus sinus NN 21781 2884 5 venous venous JJ 21781 2884 6 , , , 21781 2884 7 and and CC 21781 2884 8 run run VB 21781 2884 9 seekers seeker NNS 21781 2884 10 into into IN 21781 2884 11 the the DT 21781 2884 12 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 2884 13 and and CC 21781 2884 14 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 2884 15 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 2884 16 . . . 21781 2885 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2885 2 Cut cut VB 21781 2885 3 open open VB 21781 2885 4 the the DT 21781 2885 5 Cuvierian Cuvierian NNP 21781 2885 6 and and CC 21781 2885 7 posterior posterior JJ 21781 2885 8 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 2885 9 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 2885 10 , , , 21781 2885 11 and and CC 21781 2885 12 run run VB 21781 2885 13 seekers seeker NNS 21781 2885 14 into into IN 21781 2885 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2885 16 affluents affluent NNS 21781 2885 17 . . . 21781 2885 18 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2886 1 Dissect dissect VB 21781 2886 2 along along IN 21781 2886 3 the the DT 21781 2886 4 truncus truncus NN 21781 2886 5 arteriosus arteriosus NN 21781 2886 6 to to IN 21781 2886 7 afferent afferent NN 21781 2886 8 branchials branchial NNS 21781 2886 9 . . . 21781 2887 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2887 2 Cut cut VB 21781 2887 3 away away RB 21781 2887 4 the the DT 21781 2887 5 heart heart NN 21781 2887 6 and and CC 21781 2887 7 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 2887 8 ; ; : 21781 2887 9 run run VB 21781 2887 10 a a DT 21781 2887 11 seeker seeker NN 21781 2887 12 up up IN 21781 2887 13 the the DT 21781 2887 14 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2887 15 aorta aorta NN 21781 2887 16 and and CC 21781 2887 17 cut cut VBD 21781 2887 18 along along IN 21781 2887 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2887 20 from from IN 21781 2887 21 the the DT 21781 2887 22 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2887 23 side side NN 21781 2887 24 to to IN 21781 2887 25 subclavian subclavian JJ 21781 2887 26 and and CC 21781 2887 27 efferent efferent JJ 21781 2887 28 branchial branchial JJ 21781 2887 29 arteries artery NNS 21781 2887 30 . . . 21781 2887 31 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2888 1 Skin skin VB 21781 2888 2 the the DT 21781 2888 3 top top NN 21781 2888 4 of of IN 21781 2888 5 the the DT 21781 2888 6 head head NN 21781 2888 7 . . . 21781 2889 1 Note note VB 21781 2889 2 , , , 21781 2889 3 while while IN 21781 2889 4 doing do VBG 21781 2889 5 this this DT 21781 2889 6 , , , 21781 2889 7 the the DT 21781 2889 8 yellow yellow JJ 21781 2889 9 , , , 21781 2889 10 jelly jelly NNP 21781 2889 11 - - HYPH 21781 2889 12 like like JJ 21781 2889 13 sense sense NN 21781 2889 14 - - HYPH 21781 2889 15 tubuli tubuli NNS 21781 2889 16 beneath beneath IN 21781 2889 17 the the DT 21781 2889 18 skin skin NN 21781 2889 19 . . . 21781 2890 1 Shave shave VB 21781 2890 2 off off RP 21781 2890 3 top top NN 21781 2890 4 of of IN 21781 2890 5 brain brain NN 21781 2890 6 - - HYPH 21781 2890 7 case case NN 21781 2890 8 , , , 21781 2890 9 and and CC 21781 2890 10 leave leave VB 21781 2890 11 the the DT 21781 2890 12 head head NN 21781 2890 13 in in IN 21781 2890 14 spirit spirit NN 21781 2890 15 for for IN 21781 2890 16 a a DT 21781 2890 17 week week NN 21781 2890 18 or or CC 21781 2890 19 so so RB 21781 2890 20 . . . 21781 2891 1 Second Second NNP 21781 2891 2 Dissection.-- Dissection.-- NNP 21781 2891 3 Place place VB 21781 2891 4 the the DT 21781 2891 5 head head NN 21781 2891 6 with with IN 21781 2891 7 the the DT 21781 2891 8 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2891 9 side side NN 21781 2891 10 downward downward RB 21781 2891 11 , , , 21781 2891 12 skin skin NN 21781 2891 13 all all PDT 21781 2891 14 the the DT 21781 2891 15 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2891 16 surface surface NN 21781 2891 17 as as IN 21781 2891 18 yet yet RB 21781 2891 19 unskinned unskinned JJ 21781 2891 20 . . . 21781 2892 1 Refer refer VB 21781 2892 2 to to IN 21781 2892 3 book book NN 21781 2892 4 for for IN 21781 2892 5 precise precise JJ 21781 2892 6 position position NN 21781 2892 7 of of IN 21781 2892 8 the the DT 21781 2892 9 anterior anterior NNP 21781 2892 10 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 2892 11 sinus sinus NNP 21781 2892 12 , , , 21781 2892 13 and and CC 21781 2892 14 then then RB 21781 2892 15 cut cut VB 21781 2892 16 down down RP 21781 2892 17 through through IN 21781 2892 18 body body NN 21781 2892 19 wall wall NN 21781 2892 20 into into IN 21781 2892 21 this this DT 21781 2892 22 just just RB 21781 2892 23 over over IN 21781 2892 24 gill gill JJ 21781 2892 25 slits slit NNS 21781 2892 26 . . . 21781 2893 1 The the DT 21781 2893 2 tenth tenth JJ 21781 2893 3 nerve nerve NN 21781 2893 4 will will MD 21781 2893 5 become become VB 21781 2893 6 visible visible JJ 21781 2893 7 , , , 21781 2893 8 with with IN 21781 2893 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2893 10 " " `` 21781 2893 11 slit slit JJ 21781 2893 12 " " '' 21781 2893 13 branches branch NNS 21781 2893 14 athwart athwart VBP 21781 2893 15 the the DT 21781 2893 16 floor floor NN 21781 2893 17 of of IN 21781 2893 18 the the DT 21781 2893 19 sinus sinus NN 21781 2893 20 . . . 21781 2894 1 Clear clear JJ 21781 2894 2 to to TO 21781 2894 3 make make VB 21781 2894 4 this this DT 21781 2894 5 more more RBR 21781 2894 6 evident evident JJ 21781 2894 7 , , , 21781 2894 8 and and CC 21781 2894 9 make make VB 21781 2894 10 out out RP 21781 2894 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2894 12 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2894 13 line line NN 21781 2894 14 and and CC 21781 2894 15 visceral visceral JJ 21781 2894 16 branches branch NNS 21781 2894 17 , , , 21781 2894 18 and and CC 21781 2894 19 the the DT 21781 2894 20 ninth ninth JJ 21781 2894 21 nerve nerve NN 21781 2894 22 . . . 21781 2895 1 { { -LRB- 21781 2895 2 Lines line NNS 21781 2895 3 from from IN 21781 2895 4 Second Second NNP 21781 2895 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 2895 6 only only RB 21781 2895 7 . . . 21781 2895 8 } } -RRB- 21781 2896 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2896 2 The the DT 21781 2896 3 pharyngo pharyngo NN 21781 2896 4 - - HYPH 21781 2896 5 branchials branchial NNS 21781 2896 6 may may MD 21781 2896 7 be be VB 21781 2896 8 felt feel VBN 21781 2896 9 beneath beneath IN 21781 2896 10 the the DT 21781 2896 11 sinus sinus NN 21781 2896 12 . . . 21781 2897 1 Run run VB 21781 2897 2 a a DT 21781 2897 3 seeker seeker NN 21781 2897 4 from from IN 21781 2897 5 the the DT 21781 2897 6 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2897 7 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2897 8 to to IN 21781 2897 9 the the DT 21781 2897 10 efferent efferent JJ 21781 2897 11 branchials branchial NNS 21781 2897 12 . . . 21781 2897 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2898 1 Proceed proceed VB 21781 2898 2 now now RB 21781 2898 3 to to TO 21781 2898 4 orbit orbit VB 21781 2898 5 , , , 21781 2898 6 and and CC 21781 2898 7 , , , 21781 2898 8 without without IN 21781 2898 9 any any DT 21781 2898 10 dissection dissection NN 21781 2898 11 beyond beyond IN 21781 2898 12 the the DT 21781 2898 13 removal removal NN 21781 2898 14 of of IN 21781 2898 15 skin skin NN 21781 2898 16 , , , 21781 2898 17 make make VB 21781 2898 18 out out RP 21781 2898 19 recti recti JJ 21781 2898 20 and and CC 21781 2898 21 oblique oblique JJ 21781 2898 22 muscles muscle NNS 21781 2898 23 of of IN 21781 2898 24 eyeball eyeball NN 21781 2898 25 , , , 21781 2898 26 and and CC 21781 2898 27 the the DT 21781 2898 28 optic optic JJ 21781 2898 29 , , , 21781 2898 30 third third JJ 21781 2898 31 and and CC 21781 2898 32 fourth fourth JJ 21781 2898 33 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2898 34 . . . 21781 2899 1 Cut cut VB 21781 2899 2 through through IN 21781 2899 3 these these DT 21781 2899 4 structures structure NNS 21781 2899 5 carefully carefully RB 21781 2899 6 and and CC 21781 2899 7 remove remove VB 21781 2899 8 , , , 21781 2899 9 exposing expose VBG 21781 2899 10 nerves nerve NNS 21781 2899 11 seven seven CD 21781 2899 12 , , , 21781 2899 13 and and CC 21781 2899 14 five five CD 21781 2899 15 , , , 21781 2899 16 as as IN 21781 2899 17 described describe VBN 21781 2899 18 and and CC 21781 2899 19 figured figure VBN 21781 2899 20 in in IN 21781 2899 21 the the DT 21781 2899 22 text text NN 21781 2899 23 . . . 21781 2900 1 Examine examine VB 21781 2900 2 the the DT 21781 2900 3 otic otic JJ 21781 2900 4 capsule capsule NN 21781 2900 5 by by IN 21781 2900 6 taking take VBG 21781 2900 7 successive successive JJ 21781 2900 8 slices slice NNS 21781 2900 9 through through IN 21781 2900 10 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2900 11 to to TO 21781 2900 12 show show VB 21781 2900 13 the the DT 21781 2900 14 labyrinth labyrinth NN 21781 2900 15 of of IN 21781 2900 16 the the DT 21781 2900 17 ear ear NN 21781 2900 18 . . . 21781 2901 1 -Remove -remove VB 21781 2901 2 the the DT 21781 2901 3 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2901 4 wall wall NN 21781 2901 5 of of IN 21781 2901 6 the the DT 21781 2901 7 skull skull NN 21781 2901 8 to to TO 21781 2901 9 obtain obtain VB 21781 2901 10 a a DT 21781 2901 11 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2901 12 view view NN 21781 2901 13 of of IN 21781 2901 14 brain brain NN 21781 2901 15 . . . 21781 2902 1 If if IN 21781 2902 2 this this DT 21781 2902 3 is be VBZ 21781 2902 4 sufficiently sufficiently RB 21781 2902 5 hard hard JJ 21781 2902 6 , , , 21781 2902 7 examine examine VB 21781 2902 8 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2902 9 ; ; : 21781 2902 10 if if IN 21781 2902 11 not not RB 21781 2902 12 , , , 21781 2902 13 return return VB 21781 2902 14 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2902 15 to to IN 21781 2902 16 spirit spirit NN 21781 2902 17 for for IN 21781 2902 18 a a DT 21781 2902 19 more more RBR 21781 2902 20 convenient convenient JJ 21781 2902 21 occasion.- occasion.- NNP 21781 2902 22 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2902 23 Examine examine NN 21781 2902 24 brain brain NN 21781 2902 25 . . . 21781 2902 26 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2903 1 -Amphioxus -Amphioxus NNP 21781 2903 2 _ _ NNP 21781 2903 3 Two Two NNP 21781 2903 4 specimens specimen NNS 21781 2903 5 of of IN 21781 2903 6 this this DT 21781 2903 7 type type NN 21781 2903 8 should should MD 21781 2903 9 be be VB 21781 2903 10 obtained obtain VBN 21781 2903 11 . . . 21781 2904 1 It -PRON- PRP 21781 2904 2 should should MD 21781 2904 3 be be VB 21781 2904 4 examined examine VBN 21781 2904 5 entire entire JJ 21781 2904 6 by by IN 21781 2904 7 the the DT 21781 2904 8 naked naked JJ 21781 2904 9 eye eye NN 21781 2904 10 and and CC 21781 2904 11 with with IN 21781 2904 12 the the DT 21781 2904 13 low low JJ 21781 2904 14 power power NN 21781 2904 15 of of IN 21781 2904 16 the the DT 21781 2904 17 microscope microscope NN 21781 2904 18 . . . 21781 2905 1 Immersion immersion NN 21781 2905 2 , , , 21781 2905 3 in in IN 21781 2905 4 glycerine glycerine NNP 21781 2905 5 will will MD 21781 2905 6 render render VB 21781 2905 7 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2905 8 more more RBR 21781 2905 9 transparent transparent JJ 21781 2905 10 ; ; : 21781 2905 11 or or CC 21781 2905 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2905 13 may may MD 21781 2905 14 be be VB 21781 2905 15 cleared clear VBN 21781 2905 16 with with IN 21781 2905 17 oil oil NN 21781 2905 18 of of IN 21781 2905 19 cloves clove NNS 21781 2905 20 , , , 21781 2905 21 put put VB 21781 2905 22 up up RP 21781 2905 23 temporarily temporarily RB 21781 2905 24 in in IN 21781 2905 25 that that DT 21781 2905 26 , , , 21781 2905 27 or or CC 21781 2905 28 permanently permanently RB 21781 2905 29 in in IN 21781 2905 30 Canada Canada NNP 21781 2905 31 balsam balsam NN 21781 2905 32 . . . 21781 2906 1 One one CD 21781 2906 2 specimen speciman NNS 21781 2906 3 should should MD 21781 2906 4 then then RB 21781 2906 5 be be VB 21781 2906 6 pinned pin VBN 21781 2906 7 out out RP 21781 2906 8 in in IN 21781 2906 9 the the DT 21781 2906 10 dissecting dissecting NN 21781 2906 11 dish dish NN 21781 2906 12 , , , 21781 2906 13 ventral ventral JJ 21781 2906 14 side side NN 21781 2906 15 uppermost uppermost VBN 21781 2906 16 , , , 21781 2906 17 and and CC 21781 2906 18 the the DT 21781 2906 19 atrium atrium NN 21781 2906 20 opened open VBD 21781 2906 21 to to TO 21781 2906 22 expose expose VB 21781 2906 23 liver liver NN 21781 2906 24 and and CC 21781 2906 25 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2906 26 . . . 21781 2907 1 A a DT 21781 2907 2 part part NN 21781 2907 3 of of IN 21781 2907 4 the the DT 21781 2907 5 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 2907 6 may may MD 21781 2907 7 be be VB 21781 2907 8 examined examine VBN 21781 2907 9 with with IN 21781 2907 10 the the DT 21781 2907 11 low low JJ 21781 2907 12 power power NN 21781 2907 13 to to TO 21781 2907 14 see see VB 21781 2907 15 the the DT 21781 2907 16 form form NN 21781 2907 17 of of IN 21781 2907 18 the the DT 21781 2907 19 gill gill JJ 21781 2907 20 slits slit NNS 21781 2907 21 . . . 21781 2908 1 The the DT 21781 2908 2 second second JJ 21781 2908 3 specimen speciman NNS 21781 2908 4 should should MD 21781 2908 5 be be VB 21781 2908 6 soaked soak VBN 21781 2908 7 in in IN 21781 2908 8 turpentine turpentine NN 21781 2908 9 for for IN 21781 2908 10 some some DT 21781 2908 11 time time NN 21781 2908 12 , , , 21781 2908 13 and and CC 21781 2908 14 then then RB 21781 2908 15 dropped drop VBD 21781 2908 16 into into IN 21781 2908 17 melted melt VBN 21781 2908 18 paraffin paraffin NN 21781 2908 19 wax wax NN 21781 2908 20 . . . 21781 2909 1 Transverse transverse JJ 21781 2909 2 sections section NNS 21781 2909 3 may may MD 21781 2909 4 then then RB 21781 2909 5 be be VB 21781 2909 6 cut cut VBN 21781 2909 7 with with IN 21781 2909 8 a a DT 21781 2909 9 razor razor NN 21781 2909 10 , , , 21781 2909 11 the the DT 21781 2909 12 paraffin paraffin NN 21781 2909 13 wax wax NN 21781 2909 14 removed remove VBN 21781 2909 15 from from IN 21781 2909 16 these these DT 21781 2909 17 by by IN 21781 2909 18 solution solution NN 21781 2909 19 in in IN 21781 2909 20 turpentine turpentine NN 21781 2909 21 , , , 21781 2909 22 the the DT 21781 2909 23 turpentine turpentine NN 21781 2909 24 in in IN 21781 2909 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2909 26 turn turn NN 21781 2909 27 dissolved dissolve VBN 21781 2909 28 out out RP 21781 2909 29 by by IN 21781 2909 30 alcohol alcohol NN 21781 2909 31 , , , 21781 2909 32 and and CC 21781 2909 33 the the DT 21781 2909 34 sections section NNS 21781 2909 35 , , , 21781 2909 36 after after IN 21781 2909 37 immersion immersion NN 21781 2909 38 in in IN 21781 2909 39 oil oil NN 21781 2909 40 of of IN 21781 2909 41 cloves clove NNS 21781 2909 42 , , , 21781 2909 43 may may MD 21781 2909 44 be be VB 21781 2909 45 transferred transfer VBN 21781 2909 46 to to IN 21781 2909 47 Canada Canada NNP 21781 2909 48 balsam balsam NN 21781 2909 49 for for IN 21781 2909 50 examination examination NN 21781 2909 51 and and CC 21781 2909 52 preservation preservation NN 21781 2909 53 . . . 21781 2910 1 This this DT 21781 2910 2 work work NN 21781 2910 3 should should MD 21781 2910 4 not not RB 21781 2910 5 be be VB 21781 2910 6 attempted attempt VBN 21781 2910 7 until until IN 21781 2910 8 some some DT 21781 2910 9 practical practical JJ 21781 2910 10 histological histological JJ 21781 2910 11 work work NN 21781 2910 12 has have VBZ 21781 2910 13 been be VBN 21781 2910 14 done do VBN 21781 2910 15 in in IN 21781 2910 16 botany botany NN 21781 2910 17 , , , 21781 2910 18 and and CC 21781 2910 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2910 20 may may MD 21781 2910 21 be be VB 21781 2910 22 altogether altogether RB 21781 2910 23 avoided avoid VBN 21781 2910 24 by by IN 21781 2910 25 the the DT 21781 2910 26 purchase purchase NN 21781 2910 27 of of IN 21781 2910 28 stained stain VBN 21781 2910 29 and and CC 21781 2910 30 mounted mount VBN 21781 2910 31 sections section NNS 21781 2910 32 . . . 21781 2911 1 -Development -Development NNP 21781 2911 2 _ _ NNP 21781 2911 3 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 21781 2911 4 work work NN 21781 2911 5 in in IN 21781 2911 6 this this DT 21781 2911 7 portion portion NN 21781 2911 8 of of IN 21781 2911 9 the the DT 21781 2911 10 science science NN 21781 2911 11 is be VBZ 21781 2911 12 not not RB 21781 2911 13 usually usually RB 21781 2911 14 undertaken undertake VBN 21781 2911 15 by by IN 21781 2911 16 elementary elementary JJ 21781 2911 17 students student NNS 21781 2911 18 of of IN 21781 2911 19 biology biology NN 21781 2911 20 , , , 21781 2911 21 but but CC 21781 2911 22 the the DT 21781 2911 23 reader reader NN 21781 2911 24 will will MD 21781 2911 25 probably probably RB 21781 2911 26 find find VB 21781 2911 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 2911 28 helpful helpful JJ 21781 2911 29 , , , 21781 2911 30 in in IN 21781 2911 31 the the DT 21781 2911 32 realization realization NN 21781 2911 33 of of IN 21781 2911 34 the the DT 21781 2911 35 facts fact NNS 21781 2911 36 given give VBN 21781 2911 37 in in IN 21781 2911 38 this this DT 21781 2911 39 book book NN 21781 2911 40 , , , 21781 2911 41 to to TO 21781 2911 42 look look VB 21781 2911 43 out out RP 21781 2911 44 for for IN 21781 2911 45 frog frog NN 21781 2911 46 spawn spawn NN 21781 2911 47 , , , 21781 2911 48 in in IN 21781 2911 49 February February NNP 21781 2911 50 and and CC 21781 2911 51 March March NNP 21781 2911 52 , , , 21781 2911 53 and and CC 21781 2911 54 to to TO 21781 2911 55 catch catch VB 21781 2911 56 and and CC 21781 2911 57 examine examine VB 21781 2911 58 tadpoles tadpole NNS 21781 2911 59 of of IN 21781 2911 60 various various JJ 21781 2911 61 sizes size NNS 21781 2911 62 . . . 21781 2912 1 A a DT 21781 2912 2 small small JJ 21781 2912 3 dissecting dissecting NN 21781 2912 4 dish dish NN 21781 2912 5 may may MD 21781 2912 6 be be VB 21781 2912 7 made make VBN 21781 2912 8 by by IN 21781 2912 9 pouring pour VBG 21781 2912 10 melted melt VBN 21781 2912 11 paraffin paraffin NN 21781 2912 12 wax wax NN 21781 2912 13 into into IN 21781 2912 14 one one CD 21781 2912 15 of of IN 21781 2912 16 those those DT 21781 2912 17 shallow shallow JJ 21781 2912 18 china china NNP 21781 2912 19 pots pot NNS 21781 2912 20 chemists chemist NNS 21781 2912 21 use use VBP 21781 2912 22 for for IN 21781 2912 23 cold cold JJ 21781 2912 24 - - HYPH 21781 2912 25 cream cream NN 21781 2912 26 , , , 21781 2912 27 and and CC 21781 2912 28 tadpoles tadpole NNS 21781 2912 29 may may MD 21781 2912 30 be be VB 21781 2912 31 pinned pin VBN 21781 2912 32 out out RP 21781 2912 33 with with IN 21781 2912 34 entemologists entemologist NNS 21781 2912 35 ' ' POS 21781 2912 36 pins pin NNS 21781 2912 37 and and CC 21781 2912 38 dissected dissect VBD 21781 2912 39 with with IN 21781 2912 40 needles needle NNS 21781 2912 41 . . . 21781 2913 1 But but CC 21781 2913 2 this this DT 21781 2913 3 is be VBZ 21781 2913 4 a a DT 21781 2913 5 work work NN 21781 2913 6 of of IN 21781 2913 7 supererogation supererogation NN 21781 2913 8 . . . 21781 2914 1 Partially partially RB 21781 2914 2 incubated incubate VBN 21781 2914 3 hen hen NN 21781 2914 4 's 's POS 21781 2914 5 eggs egg NNS 21781 2914 6 may may MD 21781 2914 7 be be VB 21781 2914 8 obtained obtain VBN 21781 2914 9 at at IN 21781 2914 10 a a DT 21781 2914 11 small small JJ 21781 2914 12 cost cost NN 21781 2914 13 almost almost RB 21781 2914 14 anywhere anywhere RB 21781 2914 15 , , , 21781 2914 16 and and CC 21781 2914 17 the the DT 21781 2914 18 later later JJ 21781 2914 19 stages stage NNS 21781 2914 20 profitably profitably RB 21781 2914 21 examined examine VBN 21781 2914 22 and and CC 21781 2914 23 dissected dissect VBN 21781 2914 24 under under IN 21781 2914 25 warm warm JJ 21781 2914 26 water water NN 21781 2914 27 . . . 21781 2915 1 For for IN 21781 2915 2 a a DT 21781 2915 3 clear clear JJ 21781 2915 4 understanding understanding NN 21781 2915 5 of of IN 21781 2915 6 the the DT 21781 2915 7 allantois allantois NNP 21781 2915 8 and and CC 21781 2915 9 amnion amnion NN 21781 2915 10 , , , 21781 2915 11 this this DT 21781 2915 12 last last NN 21781 2915 13 is be VBZ 21781 2915 14 almost almost RB 21781 2915 15 indispensable indispensable JJ 21781 2915 16 . . . 21781 2916 1 A a DT 21781 2916 2 few few JJ 21781 2916 3 microscopic microscopic JJ 21781 2916 4 slides slide NNS 21781 2916 5 of of IN 21781 2916 6 sections section NNS 21781 2916 7 of of IN 21781 2916 8 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 2916 9 chicks chick NNS 21781 2916 10 should should MD 21781 2916 11 also also RB 21781 2916 12 be be VB 21781 2916 13 compared compare VBN 21781 2916 14 with with IN 21781 2916 15 our -PRON- PRP$ 21781 2916 16 rough rough JJ 21781 2916 17 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 2916 18 . . . 21781 2917 1 -{Key -{Key : 21781 2917 2 for for IN 21781 2917 3 Dissection Dissection NNP 21781 2917 4 Sheets Sheets NNPS 21781 2917 5 , , , 21781 2917 6 and and CC 21781 2917 7 Abbreviations Abbreviations NNP 21781 2917 8 . . . 21781 2918 1 } } -RRB- 21781 2918 2 _ _ NNP 21781 2918 3 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2918 4 1 1 CD 21781 2918 5 Figure figure NN 21781 2918 6 1 1 CD 21781 2918 7 . . . 21781 2919 1 Main main JJ 21781 2919 2 facts fact NNS 21781 2919 3 of of IN 21781 2919 4 the the DT 21781 2919 5 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 2919 6 's 's POS 21781 2919 7 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 21781 2919 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2919 9 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2919 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2919 11 . . . 21781 2920 1 an an DT 21781 2920 2 . . NNP 21781 2920 3 , , , 21781 2920 4 anus anus NN 21781 2920 5 . . . 21781 2921 1 a.ao a.ao NNP 21781 2921 2 . . . 21781 2921 3 , , , 21781 2921 4 arch arch JJ 21781 2921 5 of of IN 21781 2921 6 the the DT 21781 2921 7 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2921 8 . . . 21781 2922 1 au au NNP 21781 2922 2 . . NNP 21781 2922 3 , , , 21781 2922 4 auricle auricle NN 21781 2922 5 . . . 21781 2923 1 a.r a.r NNP 21781 2923 2 . . NNP 21781 2923 3 , , , 21781 2923 4 ad ad NN 21781 2923 5 - - HYPH 21781 2923 6 renal renal JJ 21781 2923 7 body body NN 21781 2923 8 . . . 21781 2924 1 br br NNP 21781 2924 2 . . NNP 21781 2924 3 , , , 21781 2924 4 brain brain NN 21781 2924 5 . . . 21781 2925 1 b.d b.d NNP 21781 2925 2 . . NNP 21781 2925 3 , , , 21781 2925 4 bile bile NN 21781 2925 5 duct duct NN 21781 2925 6 . . . 21781 2926 1 brch brch NNP 21781 2926 2 . . NNP 21781 2926 3 , , , 21781 2926 4 bronchus bronchus NNP 21781 2926 5 . . . 21781 2927 1 cd.st cd.st NNP 21781 2927 2 . . NNP 21781 2927 3 , , , 21781 2927 4 cardiac cardiac JJ 21781 2927 5 end end NN 21781 2927 6 of of IN 21781 2927 7 stomach stomach NN 21781 2927 8 . . . 21781 2928 1 co. co. NNP 21781 2928 2 , , , 21781 2928 3 colon colon NN 21781 2928 4 . . . 21781 2929 1 cae cae NNP 21781 2929 2 . . NNP 21781 2929 3 , , , 21781 2929 4 caecum caecum NNP 21781 2929 5 . . . 21781 2930 1 ddnm ddnm NNP 21781 2930 2 . . NNP 21781 2930 3 , , , 21781 2930 4 duodenum duodenum NNP 21781 2930 5 . . . 21781 2931 1 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 2931 2 . . . 21781 2931 3 , , , 21781 2931 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2931 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2931 6 . . . 21781 2932 1 dia dia NNP 21781 2932 2 . . NNP 21781 2932 3 , , , 21781 2932 4 diaphragm diaphragm NNP 21781 2932 5 . . . 21781 2933 1 ep ep NNP 21781 2933 2 . . NNP 21781 2933 3 , , , 21781 2933 4 epiglottis epiglottis NN 21781 2933 5 . . . 21781 2934 1 g.d g.d NNP 21781 2934 2 . . NNP 21781 2934 3 , , , 21781 2934 4 genital genital JJ 21781 2934 5 duct duct NN 21781 2934 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2934 7 either either CC 21781 2934 8 sex sex NN 21781 2934 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2934 10 . . . 21781 2935 1 il il NNP 21781 2935 2 . . NNP 21781 2935 3 , , , 21781 2935 4 ileum ileum NNP 21781 2935 5 . . . 21781 2936 1 in.art in.art UH 21781 2936 2 . . . 21781 2936 3 , , , 21781 2936 4 innominate innominate JJ 21781 2936 5 artery artery NN 21781 2936 6 . . . 21781 2937 1 k. k. NNP 21781 2937 2 , , , 21781 2937 3 kidney kidney NN 21781 2937 4 . . . 21781 2938 1 lg lg NNP 21781 2938 2 . . NNP 21781 2938 3 , , , 21781 2938 4 lung lung NNP 21781 2938 5 . . . 21781 2939 1 lv lv NNP 21781 2939 2 . . NNP 21781 2939 3 , , , 21781 2939 4 liver liver NNP 21781 2939 5 . . . 21781 2940 1 l. l. NNP 21781 2940 2 , , , 21781 2940 3 larynx larynx NNP 21781 2940 4 . . . 21781 2941 1 l.s.c l.s.c NNP 21781 2941 2 . . NNP 21781 2941 3 , , , 21781 2941 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2941 5 l.c.c l.c.c NN 21781 2941 6 . . . 21781 2941 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2942 1 left leave VBD 21781 2942 2 common common JJ 21781 2942 3 carotid carotid JJ 21781 2942 4 artery artery NN 21781 2942 5 . . . 21781 2943 1 m. m. NN 21781 2943 2 , , , 21781 2943 3 mouth mouth NN 21781 2943 4 . . . 21781 2944 1 na na NNP 21781 2944 2 . . NNP 21781 2944 3 , , , 21781 2944 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 2944 5 passage passage NN 21781 2944 6 . . . 21781 2945 1 oes oes NNP 21781 2945 2 . . NNP 21781 2945 3 , , , 21781 2945 4 oesophagus oesophagus NNP 21781 2945 5 . . . 21781 2946 1 p.v p.v NNP 21781 2946 2 . . NNP 21781 2946 3 , , , 21781 2946 4 pyloric pyloric NNP 21781 2946 5 valve valve NN 21781 2946 6 . . . 21781 2947 1 p.d p.d NNP 21781 2947 2 . . NNP 21781 2947 3 , , , 21781 2947 4 pancreatic pancreatic JJ 21781 2947 5 duct duct NN 21781 2947 6 . . . 21781 2948 1 pt pt NNP 21781 2948 2 . . NNP 21781 2948 3 , , , 21781 2948 4 peritoneal peritoneal JJ 21781 2948 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 2948 6 . . . 21781 2949 1 r. r. NNP 21781 2949 2 , , , 21781 2949 3 rectum rectum NNP 21781 2949 4 . . . 21781 2950 1 st st NNP 21781 2950 2 . . NNP 21781 2950 3 , , , 21781 2950 4 stomach stomach NN 21781 2950 5 . . . 21781 2951 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2951 2 stm stm NNP 21781 2951 3 . . NNP 21781 2951 4 , , , 21781 2951 5 sternum sternum NNP 21781 2951 6 . . . 21781 2951 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2952 1 s.r s.r NNP 21781 2952 2 . . NNP 21781 2952 3 , , , 21781 2952 4 sacculus sacculus NNP 21781 2952 5 rotundus rotundus NNP 21781 2952 6 . . . 21781 2953 1 s.c s.c NNP 21781 2953 2 . . NNP 21781 2953 3 , , , 21781 2953 4 spinal spinal JJ 21781 2953 5 cord cord NN 21781 2953 6 . . . 21781 2954 1 tr tr NNP 21781 2954 2 . . NNP 21781 2954 3 , , , 21781 2954 4 trachea trachea NNP 21781 2954 5 . . . 21781 2955 1 ur ur NNP 21781 2955 2 . . NNP 21781 2955 3 , , , 21781 2955 4 ureter ureter NNP 21781 2955 5 . . . 21781 2956 1 ur.b ur.b NNP 21781 2956 2 . . NNP 21781 2956 3 , , , 21781 2956 4 urinary urinary JJ 21781 2956 5 bladder bladder NN 21781 2956 6 . . . 21781 2957 1 v.b v.b NNP 21781 2957 2 . . NNP 21781 2957 3 , , , 21781 2957 4 a a DT 21781 2957 5 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 2957 6 body body NN 21781 2957 7 . . . 21781 2958 1 v.ap v.ap NNP 21781 2958 2 . . NNP 21781 2958 3 , , , 21781 2958 4 vermiform vermiform NNP 21781 2958 5 appendix appendix NNP 21781 2958 6 . . . 21781 2959 1 v.v v.v NNP 21781 2959 2 . . NNP 21781 2959 3 , , , 21781 2959 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2959 5 v.p v.p NNP 21781 2959 6 . . NNP 21781 2959 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2960 1 velum velum NNP 21781 2960 2 palatium palatium NNP 21781 2960 3 . . . 21781 2961 1 v. v. NNP 21781 2961 2 , , , 21781 2961 3 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 2961 4 of of IN 21781 2961 5 heart heart NN 21781 2961 6 . . . 21781 2962 1 v.c.i v.c.i NNP 21781 2962 2 . . NNP 21781 2962 3 , , , 21781 2962 4 vena vena NNP 21781 2962 5 cava cava NNP 21781 2962 6 inferior inferior NNP 21781 2962 7 . . . 21781 2963 1 Figure figure NN 21781 2963 2 2 2 CD 21781 2963 3 . . . 21781 2964 1 The the DT 21781 2964 2 Liver Liver NNP 21781 2964 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2964 4 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 2964 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2964 6 . . . 21781 2965 1 g.b g.b NNP 21781 2965 2 . . NNP 21781 2965 3 , , , 21781 2965 4 the the DT 21781 2965 5 gall gall NN 21781 2965 6 bladder bladder NN 21781 2965 7 . . . 21781 2966 1 r.l r.l NNP 21781 2966 2 . . NNP 21781 2966 3 , , , 21781 2966 4 r.c r.c NNP 21781 2966 5 . . NNP 21781 2966 6 , , , 21781 2966 7 l.l l.l NNP 21781 2966 8 .. .. NNP 21781 2966 9 , , , 21781 2966 10 l.c l.c NNP 21781 2966 11 . . NNP 21781 2966 12 , , , 21781 2966 13 right right JJ 21781 2966 14 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2966 15 and and CC 21781 2966 16 central central JJ 21781 2966 17 , , , 21781 2966 18 and and CC 21781 2966 19 left leave VBD 21781 2966 20 lateral lateral JJ 21781 2966 21 and and CC 21781 2966 22 central central JJ 21781 2966 23 , , , 21781 2966 24 lobes lob VBZ 21781 2966 25 respectively respectively RB 21781 2966 26 . . . 21781 2967 1 sp sp NNP 21781 2967 2 . . NNP 21781 2967 3 , , , 21781 2967 4 the the DT 21781 2967 5 Spigelian spigelian JJ 21781 2967 6 lobe lobe NN 21781 2967 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2967 8 fits fit VBZ 21781 2967 9 into into IN 21781 2967 10 angle angle NN 21781 2967 11 of of IN 21781 2967 12 stomach stomach NN 21781 2967 13 and and CC 21781 2967 14 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 2967 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2967 16 . . . 21781 2968 1 { { -LRB- 21781 2968 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 2968 3 : : : 21781 2968 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 2968 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 2968 6 1 1 CD 21781 2968 7 . . . 21781 2968 8 } } -RRB- 21781 2969 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2969 2 2 2 CD 21781 2969 3 Figure figure NN 21781 2969 4 1 1 CD 21781 2969 5 . . . 21781 2970 1 The the DT 21781 2970 2 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 2970 3 's 's POS 21781 2970 4 Circulation Circulation NNP 21781 2970 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2970 6 see see VB 21781 2970 7 footnote footnote NN 21781 2970 8 to to IN 21781 2970 9 Section section NN 21781 2970 10 45 45 CD 21781 2970 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2970 12 . . . 21781 2971 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2971 2 Throughout throughout IN 21781 2971 3 l. l. NNP 21781 2971 4 indicates indicate VBZ 21781 2971 5 left leave VBN 21781 2971 6 , , , 21781 2971 7 r. r. NNP 21781 2971 8 right right UH 21781 2971 9 . . . 21781 2972 1 Vessels vessel NNS 21781 2972 2 without without IN 21781 2972 3 r. r. NNP 21781 2972 4 or or CC 21781 2972 5 l. l. NNP 21781 2972 6 prefixed prefixed NNP 21781 2972 7 are be VBP 21781 2972 8 median median JJ 21781 2972 9 . . . 21781 2972 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2973 1 - - : 21781 2973 2 [ [ -LRB- 21781 2973 3 * * NFP 21781 2973 4 The the DT 21781 2973 5 figure figure NN 21781 2973 6 is be VBZ 21781 2973 7 inaccurate inaccurate JJ 21781 2973 8 at at IN 21781 2973 9 one one CD 21781 2973 10 point point NN 21781 2973 11 ; ; : 21781 2973 12 l.c.c l.c.c NN 21781 2973 13 . . . 21781 2974 1 should should MD 21781 2974 2 spring spring VB 21781 2974 3 from from IN 21781 2974 4 the the DT 21781 2974 5 base base NN 21781 2974 6 of of IN 21781 2974 7 inn inn NNP 21781 2974 8 . . . 21781 2975 1 See see VB 21781 2975 2 Sheet sheet NN 21781 2975 3 9 9 CD 21781 2975 4 . . . 21781 2976 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 2976 2 - - : 21781 2976 3 { { -LRB- 21781 2976 4 First First NNP 21781 2976 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 2976 6 only only RB 21781 2976 7 text text NN 21781 2976 8 } } -RRB- 21781 2976 9 ao.a ao.a ADD 21781 2976 10 . . NNP 21781 2976 11 , , , 21781 2976 12 aortic aortic NNP 21781 2976 13 arch arch NNP 21781 2976 14 . . . 21781 2977 1 au au NNP 21781 2977 2 . . NNP 21781 2977 3 , , , 21781 2977 4 auricle auricle NN 21781 2977 5 . . . 21781 2978 1 az.v az.v NNP 21781 2978 2 . . . 21781 2978 3 , , , 21781 2978 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2978 5 p.c p.c NNP 21781 2978 6 . . . 21781 2979 1 in in IN 21781 2979 2 Figure Figure NNP 21781 2979 3 2 2 CD 21781 2979 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2979 5 , , , 21781 2979 6 azygos azygos NNP 21781 2979 7 vein vein NNP 21781 2979 8 . . . 21781 2980 1 c.c c.c NNP 21781 2980 2 . . NNP 21781 2980 3 , , , 21781 2980 4 common common JJ 21781 2980 5 carotid carotid NNS 21781 2980 6 . . . 21781 2981 1 c.il.a c.il.a NNP 21781 2981 2 . . NNP 21781 2981 3 , , , 21781 2981 4 common common JJ 21781 2981 5 iliac iliac NNP 21781 2981 6 artery artery NN 21781 2981 7 . . . 21781 2982 1 coe.a coe.a NNP 21781 2982 2 . . . 21781 2982 3 , , , 21781 2982 4 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 2982 5 artery artery NN 21781 2982 6 . . . 21781 2983 1 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 2983 2 . . . 21781 2983 3 , , , 21781 2983 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 2983 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 2983 6 . . . 21781 2984 1 e.il.v e.il.v NNP 21781 2984 2 . . NNP 21781 2984 3 , , , 21781 2984 4 external external NNP 21781 2984 5 iliac iliac NNP 21781 2984 6 vein vein NNP 21781 2984 7 . . . 21781 2985 1 e.ju e.ju NNP 21781 2985 2 . . . 21781 2985 3 , , , 21781 2985 4 external external NNP 21781 2985 5 jugular jugular NNP 21781 2985 6 vein vein NNP 21781 2985 7 . . . 21781 2986 1 f. f. NNP 21781 2986 2 , , , 21781 2986 3 femoral femoral JJ 21781 2986 4 artery artery NN 21781 2986 5 . . . 21781 2987 1 h.v h.v NNP 21781 2987 2 . . NNP 21781 2987 3 , , , 21781 2987 4 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 2987 5 vein vein NN 21781 2987 6 . . . 21781 2988 1 inn inn NNP 21781 2988 2 . . NNP 21781 2988 3 , , , 21781 2988 4 innominate innominate JJ 21781 2988 5 artery artery NN 21781 2988 6 . . . 21781 2989 1 in.j in.j NNP 21781 2989 2 . . NNP 21781 2989 3 , , , 21781 2989 4 internal internal NNP 21781 2989 5 jugular jugular NNP 21781 2989 6 vein vein NNP 21781 2989 7 . . . 21781 2990 1 i.il.a i.il.a UH 21781 2990 2 . . . 21781 2990 3 , , , 21781 2990 4 internal internal JJ 21781 2990 5 iliac iliac NNP 21781 2990 6 artery artery NN 21781 2990 7 . . . 21781 2991 1 i.il.v i.il.v NNP 21781 2991 2 . . . 21781 2991 3 , , , 21781 2991 4 internal internal NNP 21781 2991 5 iliac iliac NNP 21781 2991 6 vein vein NNP 21781 2991 7 . . . 21781 2992 1 k. k. NNP 21781 2992 2 , , , 21781 2992 3 kidney kidney NN 21781 2992 4 . . . 21781 2993 1 lv lv NNP 21781 2993 2 . . NNP 21781 2993 3 , , , 21781 2993 4 liver liver NNP 21781 2993 5 . . . 21781 2994 1 l.g.v l.g.v NNP 21781 2994 2 . . NNP 21781 2994 3 , , , 21781 2994 4 lienogastric lienogastric NNP 21781 2994 5 vein vein NNP 21781 2994 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2994 7 portal portal NNP 21781 2994 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2994 9 . . . 21781 2995 1 m.v m.v NNP 21781 2995 2 . . NNP 21781 2995 3 , , , 21781 2995 4 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 2995 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 2995 6 portal portal JJ 21781 2995 7 system system NN 21781 2995 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 2995 9 . . . 21781 2996 1 p.m.a p.m.a NNP 21781 2996 2 . . NNP 21781 2996 3 , , , 21781 2996 4 posterior posterior NNP 21781 2996 5 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 2996 6 artery artery NN 21781 2996 7 . . . 21781 2997 1 p.v p.v NNP 21781 2997 2 . . NNP 21781 2997 3 , , , 21781 2997 4 main main NNP 21781 2997 5 portal portal JJ 21781 2997 6 vein vein NN 21781 2997 7 . . . 21781 2998 1 p.a p.a NNP 21781 2998 2 . . . 21781 2999 1 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 2999 2 artery artery NN 21781 2999 3 . . . 21781 3000 1 r. r. NNP 21781 3000 2 , , , 21781 3000 3 rectum rectum NNP 21781 3000 4 . . . 21781 3001 1 r.a r.a NNP 21781 3001 2 . . NNP 21781 3001 3 , , , 21781 3001 4 renal renal JJ 21781 3001 5 artery artery NN 21781 3001 6 . . . 21781 3002 1 r.v r.v NNP 21781 3002 2 . . NNP 21781 3002 3 , , , 21781 3002 4 renal renal JJ 21781 3002 5 vein vein NN 21781 3002 6 . . . 21781 3003 1 s.v s.v NNP 21781 3003 2 . . NNP 21781 3003 3 , , , 21781 3003 4 and and CC 21781 3003 5 a. a. NN 21781 3003 6 , , , 21781 3003 7 spermatic spermatic NN 21781 3003 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3003 9 or or CC 21781 3003 10 ovarian ovarian NNP 21781 3003 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3003 12 vein vein NN 21781 3003 13 and and CC 21781 3003 14 artery artery NN 21781 3003 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3003 16 to to IN 21781 3003 17 genital genital JJ 21781 3003 18 organ organ NN 21781 3003 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3003 20 . . . 21781 3004 1 s.mes.a s.mes.a NNP 21781 3004 2 . . NNP 21781 3004 3 , , , 21781 3004 4 superior superior JJ 21781 3004 5 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 3004 6 artery artery NN 21781 3004 7 . . . 21781 3005 1 s.-cl.a s.-cl.a NNP 21781 3005 2 . . NNP 21781 3005 3 , , , 21781 3005 4 subclavian subclavian JJ 21781 3005 5 artery artery NN 21781 3005 6 . . . 21781 3006 1 s.-cl.v s.-cl.v ADD 21781 3006 2 . . . 21781 3006 3 , , , 21781 3006 4 subclavian subclavian NNP 21781 3006 5 vein vein NNP 21781 3006 6 . . . 21781 3007 1 v.c.s v.c.s NNP 21781 3007 2 . . NNP 21781 3007 3 , , , 21781 3007 4 vena vena NNP 21781 3007 5 cava cava NNP 21781 3007 6 superior superior NNP 21781 3007 7 . . . 21781 3008 1 v.c.i v.c.i NNP 21781 3008 2 . . NNP 21781 3008 3 , , , 21781 3008 4 vena vena NNP 21781 3008 5 cava cava NNP 21781 3008 6 inferior inferior NNP 21781 3008 7 . . . 21781 3009 1 v. v. NNP 21781 3009 2 or or CC 21781 3009 3 vn vn NNP 21781 3009 4 . . NNP 21781 3009 5 , , , 21781 3009 6 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3009 7 . . . 21781 3010 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3010 2 2 2 CD 21781 3010 3 . . . 21781 3011 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3011 2 of of IN 21781 3011 3 Circulation Circulation NNP 21781 3011 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3011 5 simplified simplify VBN 21781 3011 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3011 7 illustrating illustrate VBG 21781 3011 8 certain certain JJ 21781 3011 9 points point NNS 21781 3011 10 in in IN 21781 3011 11 development development NN 21781 3011 12 to to TO 21781 3011 13 be be VB 21781 3011 14 referred refer VBN 21781 3011 15 to to IN 21781 3011 16 later later RB 21781 3011 17 . . . 21781 3012 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3012 2 3 3 CD 21781 3012 3 . . . 21781 3013 1 Respiration respiration NN 21781 3013 2 . . . 21781 3014 1 See see VB 21781 3014 2 text text NN 21781 3014 3 , , , 21781 3014 4 Section section NN 21781 3014 5 41 41 CD 21781 3014 6 . . . 21781 3015 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3015 2 4 4 CD 21781 3015 3 . . . 21781 3016 1 Blood blood NN 21781 3016 2 . . . 21781 3017 1 See see VB 21781 3017 2 text text NN 21781 3017 3 , , , 21781 3017 4 Section section NN 21781 3017 5 35 35 CD 21781 3017 6 . . . 21781 3018 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3018 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3018 3 : : : 21781 3018 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3018 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3018 6 2 2 CD 21781 3018 7 . . . 21781 3018 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3019 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3019 2 3 3 CD 21781 3019 3 Histological Histological NNP 21781 3019 4 Figures Figures NNPS 21781 3019 5 , , , 21781 3019 6 1 1 CD 21781 3019 7 . . . 21781 3020 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3020 2 No no DT 21781 3020 3 numbers number NNS 21781 3020 4 I. I. NNP 21781 3020 5 , , , 21781 3020 6 or or CC 21781 3020 7 II II NNP 21781 3020 8 . . . 21781 3020 9 } } -RRB- 21781 3021 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3021 2 III III NNP 21781 3021 3 . . . 21781 3022 1 An an DT 21781 3022 2 amoeba.-- amoeba.-- CD 21781 3022 3 n. n. NN 21781 3022 4 , , , 21781 3022 5 nucleus nucleus NNP 21781 3022 6 . . . 21781 3023 1 ns ns NNP 21781 3023 2 . . NNP 21781 3023 3 , , , 21781 3023 4 necleolus necleolus NNP 21781 3023 5 . . . 21781 3024 1 c.v c.v NNP 21781 3024 2 . . NNP 21781 3024 3 , , , 21781 3024 4 contractile contractile NNP 21781 3024 5 vacuole vacuole NNP 21781 3024 6 . . . 21781 3025 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3025 2 IV IV NNP 21781 3025 3 . . . 21781 3026 1 Embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 3026 2 tissue tissue NN 21781 3026 3 from from IN 21781 3026 4 the the DT 21781 3026 5 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 21781 3026 6 of of IN 21781 3026 7 a a DT 21781 3026 8 chick chick NN 21781 3026 9 . . . 21781 3027 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3027 2 V. V. NNP 21781 3027 3 Columnar Columnar NNP 21781 3027 4 epithelium.-- epithelium.-- NNP 21781 3027 5 g.c.1 g.c.1 NNP 21781 3027 6 , , , 21781 3027 7 g.c.2 g.c.2 NNP 21781 3027 8 , , , 21781 3027 9 g.c.3 g.c.3 NNP 21781 3027 10 , , , 21781 3027 11 successive successive JJ 21781 3027 12 phases phase NNS 21781 3027 13 in in IN 21781 3027 14 the the DT 21781 3027 15 development development NN 21781 3027 16 of of IN 21781 3027 17 a a DT 21781 3027 18 goblet goblet NN 21781 3027 19 cell cell NN 21781 3027 20 . . . 21781 3028 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3028 2 VI VI NNP 21781 3028 3 . . . 21781 3029 1 g.end g.end NNP 21781 3029 2 . . NNP 21781 3029 3 , , , 21781 3029 4 is be VBZ 21781 3029 5 geminating geminate VBG 21781 3029 6 endothelium endothelium NN 21781 3029 7 ; ; : 21781 3029 8 the the DT 21781 3029 9 cells cell NNS 21781 3029 10 divide divide VBP 21781 3029 11 and and CC 21781 3029 12 apparently apparently RB 21781 3029 13 drop drop VB 21781 3029 14 off off RP 21781 3029 15 to to TO 21781 3029 16 become become VB 21781 3029 17 white white JJ 21781 3029 18 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 3029 19 in in IN 21781 3029 20 the the DT 21781 3029 21 lymph lymph NN 21781 3029 22 current current NN 21781 3029 23 . . . 21781 3030 1 sq.end sq.end ADD 21781 3030 2 . . JJ 21781 3030 3 , , , 21781 3030 4 squamous squamous JJ 21781 3030 5 endothelium endothelium NN 21781 3030 6 from from IN 21781 3030 7 the the DT 21781 3030 8 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 3030 9 . . . 21781 3031 1 sq.ep sq.ep NNP 21781 3031 2 . . . 21781 3031 3 , , , 21781 3031 4 squamous squamous JJ 21781 3031 5 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 3031 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3031 7 from from IN 21781 3031 8 the the DT 21781 3031 9 mucous mucous JJ 21781 3031 10 membrane membrane NN 21781 3031 11 within within IN 21781 3031 12 the the DT 21781 3031 13 cheek cheek NN 21781 3031 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3031 15 . . . 21781 3032 1 st st NNP 21781 3032 2 . . NNP 21781 3032 3 , , , 21781 3032 4 are be VBP 21781 3032 5 opening open VBG 21781 3032 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3032 7 stomata stomata NN 21781 3032 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3032 9 communicating communicate VBG 21781 3032 10 between between IN 21781 3032 11 the the DT 21781 3032 12 lymphatics lymphatic NNS 21781 3032 13 in in IN 21781 3032 14 the the DT 21781 3032 15 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 3032 16 and and CC 21781 3032 17 the the DT 21781 3032 18 peritoneal peritoneal NN 21781 3032 19 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3032 20 coelomic coelomic JJ 21781 3032 21 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3032 22 space space NN 21781 3032 23 . . . 21781 3033 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3033 2 VII vii NN 21781 3033 3 . . . 21781 3034 1 Ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 3034 2 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 3034 3 from from IN 21781 3034 4 the the DT 21781 3034 5 roof roof NN 21781 3034 6 of of IN 21781 3034 7 the the DT 21781 3034 8 frog frog NN 21781 3034 9 's 's POS 21781 3034 10 mouth mouth NN 21781 3034 11 . . . 21781 3035 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3035 2 VIII viii NN 21781 3035 3 . . . 21781 3036 1 Forms form NNS 21781 3036 2 of of IN 21781 3036 3 glands.-- glands.-- NNP 21781 3036 4 g.ep g.ep NNP 21781 3036 5 . . . 21781 3036 6 , , , 21781 3036 7 is be VBZ 21781 3036 8 a a DT 21781 3036 9 gastric gastric JJ 21781 3036 10 gland gland NN 21781 3036 11 from from IN 21781 3036 12 the the DT 21781 3036 13 stomach stomach NN 21781 3036 14 ; ; : 21781 3036 15 trs trs NNP 21781 3036 16 . . . 21781 3036 17 , , , 21781 3036 18 below below RB 21781 3036 19 , , , 21781 3036 20 is be VBZ 21781 3036 21 cross cross NN 21781 3036 22 section section NN 21781 3036 23 . . . 21781 3037 1 This this DT 21781 3037 2 is be VBZ 21781 3037 3 one one CD 21781 3037 4 of of IN 21781 3037 5 the the DT 21781 3037 6 simplest simple JJS 21781 3037 7 types type NNS 21781 3037 8 of of IN 21781 3037 9 gland gland NN 21781 3037 10 . . . 21781 3038 1 s.g s.g NNP 21781 3038 2 . . NNP 21781 3038 3 , , , 21781 3038 4 a a DT 21781 3038 5 sweat sweat NN 21781 3038 6 gland gland NN 21781 3038 7 , , , 21781 3038 8 is be VBZ 21781 3038 9 also also RB 21781 3038 10 a a DT 21781 3038 11 simple simple JJ 21781 3038 12 tube tube NN 21781 3038 13 , , , 21781 3038 14 but but CC 21781 3038 15 convoluted convoluted JJ 21781 3038 16 below below RB 21781 3038 17 . . . 21781 3039 1 r.g r.g NNP 21781 3039 2 . . NNP 21781 3039 3 , , , 21781 3039 4 is be VBZ 21781 3039 5 a a DT 21781 3039 6 racemose racemose JJ 21781 3039 7 gland gland NN 21781 3039 8 , , , 21781 3039 9 such such JJ 21781 3039 10 as as IN 21781 3039 11 the the DT 21781 3039 12 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 3039 13 , , , 21781 3039 14 Brunner Brunner NNP 21781 3039 15 's 's POS 21781 3039 16 or or CC 21781 3039 17 the the DT 21781 3039 18 salivary salivary JJ 21781 3039 19 glands gland NNS 21781 3039 20 . . . 21781 3040 1 The the DT 21781 3040 2 kidney kidney NN 21781 3040 3 , , , 21781 3040 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 3040 5 shall shall MD 21781 3040 6 see see VB 21781 3040 7 later later RBR 21781 3040 8 , , , 21781 3040 9 is be VBZ 21781 3040 10 simply simply RB 21781 3040 11 an an DT 21781 3040 12 aggregate aggregate NN 21781 3040 13 of of IN 21781 3040 14 branching branch VBG 21781 3040 15 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 3040 16 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3040 17 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3040 18 7 7 CD 21781 3040 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3040 20 . . . 21781 3041 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3041 2 IX ix NN 21781 3041 3 . . . 21781 3042 1 A a DT 21781 3042 2 duodenal duodenal JJ 21781 3042 3 villus.-- villus.-- NNP 21781 3042 4 lac lac NNP 21781 3042 5 . . NNP 21781 3042 6 , , , 21781 3042 7 the the DT 21781 3042 8 lacteal lacteal NN 21781 3042 9 . . . 21781 3043 1 v. v. NNP 21781 3043 2 , , , 21781 3043 3 the the DT 21781 3043 4 vein vein NN 21781 3043 5 . . . 21781 3044 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3044 2 X.a X.a NNP 21781 3044 3 . . . 21781 3045 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3045 2 of of IN 21781 3045 3 liver liver NN 21781 3045 4 structure.-- structure.-- NNP 21781 3045 5 b.d b.d NNP 21781 3045 6 . . NNP 21781 3045 7 , , , 21781 3045 8 the the DT 21781 3045 9 inter inter JJ 21781 3045 10 - - JJ 21781 3045 11 lobular lobular JJ 21781 3045 12 bile bile NN 21781 3045 13 duct duct NN 21781 3045 14 . . . 21781 3046 1 h.a h.a NNP 21781 3046 2 . . NNP 21781 3046 3 , , , 21781 3046 4 the the DT 21781 3046 5 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 3046 6 artery artery NN 21781 3046 7 , , , 21781 3046 8 bringing bring VBG 21781 3046 9 blood blood NN 21781 3046 10 to to TO 21781 3046 11 oxygenate oxygenate VB 21781 3046 12 and and CC 21781 3046 13 nourish nourish VB 21781 3046 14 the the DT 21781 3046 15 liver liver NN 21781 3046 16 tissue tissue NN 21781 3046 17 , , , 21781 3046 18 and and CC 21781 3046 19 similarly similarly RB 21781 3046 20 distributed distribute VBN 21781 3046 21 . . . 21781 3047 1 h.v h.v NNP 21781 3047 2 . . NNP 21781 3047 3 , , , 21781 3047 4 the the DT 21781 3047 5 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 3047 6 vein vein NN 21781 3047 7 taking take VBG 21781 3047 8 blood blood NN 21781 3047 9 from from IN 21781 3047 10 the the DT 21781 3047 11 liver liver NN 21781 3047 12 to to IN 21781 3047 13 the the DT 21781 3047 14 heart heart NN 21781 3047 15 , , , 21781 3047 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3047 17 twigs twig NNS 21781 3047 18 commencing commence VBG 21781 3047 19 in in IN 21781 3047 20 the the DT 21781 3047 21 lobuli lobuli NNP 21781 3047 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3047 23 intra intra NNP 21781 3047 24 - - JJ 21781 3047 25 lobular lobular JJ 21781 3047 26 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3047 27 . . . 21781 3048 1 lb lb XX 21781 3048 2 . . . 21781 3049 1 lb lb NNP 21781 3049 2 . . NNP 21781 3049 3 , , , 21781 3049 4 lobuli lobuli NNP 21781 3049 5 . . . 21781 3050 1 p.v p.v NNP 21781 3050 2 . . NNP 21781 3050 3 , , , 21781 3050 4 the the DT 21781 3050 5 portal portal JJ 21781 3050 6 vein vein NN 21781 3050 7 bringing bring VBG 21781 3050 8 blood blood NN 21781 3050 9 , , , 21781 3050 10 from from IN 21781 3050 11 which which WDT 21781 3050 12 substances substance NNS 21781 3050 13 are be VBP 21781 3050 14 to to TO 21781 3050 15 be be VB 21781 3050 16 elaborated elaborate VBN 21781 3050 17 , , , 21781 3050 18 into into IN 21781 3050 19 the the DT 21781 3050 20 liver liver NN 21781 3050 21 , , , 21781 3050 22 and and CC 21781 3050 23 breaking break VBG 21781 3050 24 up up RP 21781 3050 25 between between IN 21781 3050 26 the the DT 21781 3050 27 lobuli lobuli NN 21781 3050 28 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3050 29 inter inter JJ 21781 3050 30 - - JJ 21781 3050 31 lobular lobular JJ 21781 3050 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3050 33 . . . 21781 3051 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3051 2 X.b X.b NNP 21781 3051 3 . . . 21781 3052 1 A a DT 21781 3052 2 diagram diagram NN 21781 3052 3 of of IN 21781 3052 4 the the DT 21781 3052 5 appearance appearance NN 21781 3052 6 of of IN 21781 3052 7 an an DT 21781 3052 8 injected inject VBN 21781 3052 9 liver liver NN 21781 3052 10 lobule lobule NN 21781 3052 11 as as IN 21781 3052 12 seen see VBN 21781 3052 13 in in IN 21781 3052 14 section section NN 21781 3052 15 under under IN 21781 3052 16 the the DT 21781 3052 17 microscope microscope NN 21781 3052 18 . . . 21781 3053 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3053 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3053 3 : : : 21781 3053 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3053 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3053 6 3 3 CD 21781 3053 7 . . . 21781 3053 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3054 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3054 2 4 4 CD 21781 3054 3 Histological Histological NNP 21781 3054 4 Diagrams Diagrams NNPS 21781 3054 5 , , , 21781 3054 6 2 2 CD 21781 3054 7 . . . 21781 3055 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3055 2 XI XI NNP 21781 3055 3 . . . 21781 3056 1 A a DT 21781 3056 2 blood blood NN 21781 3056 3 capillary capillary JJ 21781 3056 4 . . . 21781 3057 1 White white JJ 21781 3057 2 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 3057 3 are be VBP 21781 3057 4 migrating migrate VBG 21781 3057 5 through through IN 21781 3057 6 the the DT 21781 3057 7 walls wall NNS 21781 3057 8 into into IN 21781 3057 9 the the DT 21781 3057 10 tissues tissue NNS 21781 3057 11 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3057 12 compare compare VB 21781 3057 13 Section Section NNP 21781 3057 14 66 66 CD 21781 3057 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3057 16 . . . 21781 3058 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3058 2 XII xii NN 21781 3058 3 . . . 21781 3059 1 Hyaline hyaline JJ 21781 3059 2 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3059 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3059 4 Section section NN 21781 3059 5 64 64 CD 21781 3059 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3059 7 . . . 21781 3060 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3060 2 XIII xiii NN 21781 3060 3 . . . 21781 3061 1 c.c c.c NNP 21781 3061 2 . . NNP 21781 3061 3 , , , 21781 3061 4 connective connective JJ 21781 3061 5 tissue tissue NN 21781 3061 6 corpuscle corpuscle NN 21781 3061 7 . . . 21781 3062 1 w.i.f w.i.f NNP 21781 3062 2 . . NNP 21781 3062 3 , , , 21781 3062 4 white white JJ 21781 3062 5 inelastic inelastic JJ 21781 3062 6 fibres fibre NNS 21781 3062 7 . . . 21781 3063 1 y.e.f y.e.f NNP 21781 3063 2 . . NNP 21781 3063 3 , , , 21781 3063 4 yellow yellow JJ 21781 3063 5 elastic elastic JJ 21781 3063 6 fibres fibre NNS 21781 3063 7 . . . 21781 3064 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3064 2 XIV xiv NN 21781 3064 3 . . . 21781 3065 1 Botryoidal botryoidal JJ 21781 3065 2 tissue tissue NN 21781 3065 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3065 4 Section section NN 21781 3065 5 66 66 CD 21781 3065 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3065 7 . . . 21781 3066 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3066 2 XV XV NNP 21781 3066 3 . . . 21781 3067 1 Development development NN 21781 3067 2 of of IN 21781 3067 3 a a DT 21781 3067 4 fat fat JJ 21781 3067 5 drop.-- drop.-- CD 21781 3067 6 f.d f.d NNP 21781 3067 7 . . NNP 21781 3067 8 , , , 21781 3067 9 fat fat JJ 21781 3067 10 drop drop NN 21781 3067 11 , , , 21781 3067 12 in in IN 21781 3067 13 a a DT 21781 3067 14 connective connective JJ 21781 3067 15 tissue tissue NN 21781 3067 16 corpuscle corpuscle NN 21781 3067 17 ; ; : 21781 3067 18 c.c c.c NNP 21781 3067 19 . . NNP 21781 3067 20 , , , 21781 3067 21 in in IN 21781 3067 22 the the DT 21781 3067 23 formation formation NN 21781 3067 24 of of IN 21781 3067 25 adipose adipose JJ 21781 3067 26 tissue tissue NN 21781 3067 27 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3067 28 Section section NN 21781 3067 29 67 67 CD 21781 3067 30 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3067 31 . . . 21781 3068 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3068 2 XVI XVI NNP 21781 3068 3 . . . 21781 3069 1 Diagrammic diagrammic JJ 21781 3069 2 cross cross NN 21781 3069 3 section section NN 21781 3069 4 of of IN 21781 3069 5 a a DT 21781 3069 6 long long JJ 21781 3069 7 bone.-- bone.-- NNP 21781 3069 8 b.c b.c NNP 21781 3069 9 . . NNP 21781 3069 10 , , , 21781 3069 11 bone bone NN 21781 3069 12 corpuscle corpuscle NN 21781 3069 13 in in IN 21781 3069 14 a a DT 21781 3069 15 lacuna lacuna NN 21781 3069 16 . . . 21781 3070 1 H.v H.v NNP 21781 3070 2 . . NNP 21781 3070 3 , , , 21781 3070 4 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 3070 5 vessel vessel NN 21781 3070 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3070 7 in in IN 21781 3070 8 the the DT 21781 3070 9 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 3070 10 canal canal NN 21781 3070 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3070 12 surrounded surround VBN 21781 3070 13 by by IN 21781 3070 14 concentric concentric NNP 21781 3070 15 lamellae lamellae NNP 21781 3070 16 of of IN 21781 3070 17 bone bone NNP 21781 3070 18 , , , 21781 3070 19 c.l c.l NNP 21781 3070 20 . . NNP 21781 3070 21 , , , 21781 3070 22 and and CC 21781 3070 23 together together RB 21781 3070 24 with with IN 21781 3070 25 these these DT 21781 3070 26 and and CC 21781 3070 27 zones zone NNS 21781 3070 28 of of IN 21781 3070 29 bone bone NN 21781 3070 30 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 21781 3070 31 , , , 21781 3070 32 called call VBD 21781 3070 33 a a DT 21781 3070 34 Haversian haversian JJ 21781 3070 35 system system NN 21781 3070 36 . . . 21781 3071 1 i.l i.l NNP 21781 3071 2 . . NNP 21781 3071 3 , , , 21781 3071 4 inner inner JJ 21781 3071 5 lamellae lamellae NNP 21781 3071 6 . . . 21781 3072 1 m.c m.c NNP 21781 3072 2 . . NNP 21781 3072 3 , , , 21781 3072 4 medullary medullary NNP 21781 3072 5 canal canal NN 21781 3072 6 full full JJ 21781 3072 7 of of IN 21781 3072 8 yellow yellow JJ 21781 3072 9 marrow marrow NN 21781 3072 10 . . . 21781 3073 1 o.l o.l NNP 21781 3073 2 . . NNP 21781 3073 3 , , , 21781 3073 4 outer outer NNP 21781 3073 5 lamellae lamellae NNP 21781 3073 6 . . . 21781 3074 1 p.o p.o NNP 21781 3074 2 . . NNP 21781 3074 3 , , , 21781 3074 4 periosteum periosteum NNP 21781 3074 5 . . . 21781 3075 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3075 2 XVII XVII NNP 21781 3075 3 . . . 21781 3076 1 To to TO 21781 3076 2 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 3076 3 bone bone NN 21781 3076 4 development development NN 21781 3076 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3076 6 Section section NN 21781 3076 7 71 71 CD 21781 3076 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3076 9 . . . 21781 3077 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3077 2 XVIII xviii NN 21781 3077 3 . . . 21781 3078 1 Dentition dentition NN 21781 3078 2 of of IN 21781 3078 3 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 3078 4 , , , 21781 3078 5 incisors incisor NNS 21781 3078 6 2/1 2/1 CD 21781 3078 7 , , , 21781 3078 8 canine canine NN 21781 3078 9 0/0 0/0 CD 21781 3078 10 , , , 21781 3078 11 premolar premolar JJ 21781 3078 12 3/2 3/2 CD 21781 3078 13 , , , 21781 3078 14 molar molar JJ 21781 3078 15 3/3 3/3 CD 21781 3078 16 . . . 21781 3079 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3079 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3079 3 : : : 21781 3079 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3079 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3079 6 4 4 CD 21781 3079 7 . . . 21781 3079 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3080 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3080 2 5 5 CD 21781 3080 3 . . . 21781 3081 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3081 2 of of IN 21781 3081 3 the the DT 21781 3081 4 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3081 5 's 's POS 21781 3081 6 Bones bone NNS 21781 3081 7 . . . 21781 3082 1 To to TO 21781 3082 2 be be VB 21781 3082 3 compared compare VBN 21781 3082 4 with with IN 21781 3082 5 the the DT 21781 3082 6 real real JJ 21781 3082 7 things thing NNS 21781 3082 8 . . . 21781 3083 1 D d NN 21781 3083 2 and and CC 21781 3083 3 D d NN 21781 3083 4 ' ' '' 21781 3083 5 show show VBP 21781 3083 6 the the DT 21781 3083 7 fore fore NN 21781 3083 8 and and CC 21781 3083 9 hind hind NN 21781 3083 10 limbs limb NNS 21781 3083 11 , , , 21781 3083 12 to to TO 21781 3083 13 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 3083 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3083 15 homology homology NN 21781 3083 16 . . . 21781 3084 1 D D NNP 21781 3084 2 is be VBZ 21781 3084 3 in in IN 21781 3084 4 the the DT 21781 3084 5 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 3084 6 position position NN 21781 3084 7 . . . 21781 3085 1 The the DT 21781 3085 2 radius radius NN 21781 3085 3 and and CC 21781 3085 4 tibia tibia NNP 21781 3085 5 are be VBP 21781 3085 6 , , , 21781 3085 7 at at IN 21781 3085 8 an an DT 21781 3085 9 early early JJ 21781 3085 10 stage stage NN 21781 3085 11 in in IN 21781 3085 12 development development NN 21781 3085 13 , , , 21781 3085 14 on on IN 21781 3085 15 the the DT 21781 3085 16 anterior anterior JJ 21781 3085 17 edge edge NN 21781 3085 18 of of IN 21781 3085 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3085 20 respective respective JJ 21781 3085 21 limbs limb NNS 21781 3085 22 ; ; : 21781 3085 23 the the DT 21781 3085 24 ulna ulna NN 21781 3085 25 and and CC 21781 3085 26 fibula fibula NN 21781 3085 27 , , , 21781 3085 28 posterior posterior NN 21781 3085 29 ; ; , 21781 3085 30 the the DT 21781 3085 31 former former JJ 21781 3085 32 are be VBP 21781 3085 33 spoken speak VBN 21781 3085 34 of of IN 21781 3085 35 as as IN 21781 3085 36 preaxial preaxial JJ 21781 3085 37 in in IN 21781 3085 38 position position NN 21781 3085 39 , , , 21781 3085 40 the the DT 21781 3085 41 latter latter JJ 21781 3085 42 as as IN 21781 3085 43 postaxial postaxial JJ 21781 3085 44 . . . 21781 3086 1 But but CC 21781 3086 2 in in IN 21781 3086 3 the the DT 21781 3086 4 adult adult NN 21781 3086 5 the the DT 21781 3086 6 humerus humerus NN 21781 3086 7 is be VBZ 21781 3086 8 twisted twist VBN 21781 3086 9 so so IN 21781 3086 10 that that IN 21781 3086 11 the the DT 21781 3086 12 proximal proximal JJ 21781 3086 13 end end NN 21781 3086 14 of of IN 21781 3086 15 the the DT 21781 3086 16 radius radius NN 21781 3086 17 lies lie VBZ 21781 3086 18 at at IN 21781 3086 19 the the DT 21781 3086 20 outer outer JJ 21781 3086 21 side side NN 21781 3086 22 of of IN 21781 3086 23 the the DT 21781 3086 24 elbow elbow NN 21781 3086 25 , , , 21781 3086 26 whence whence NN 21781 3086 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3086 28 crosses cross VBZ 21781 3086 29 the the DT 21781 3086 30 ulna ulna NN 21781 3086 31 , , , 21781 3086 32 so so IN 21781 3086 33 that that IN 21781 3086 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3086 35 distal distal JJ 21781 3086 36 end end NN 21781 3086 37 is be VBZ 21781 3086 38 inside inside RB 21781 3086 39 , , , 21781 3086 40 while while IN 21781 3086 41 the the DT 21781 3086 42 femur femur NN 21781 3086 43 is be VBZ 21781 3086 44 also also RB 21781 3086 45 twisted twisted JJ 21781 3086 46 round round NN 21781 3086 47 , , , 21781 3086 48 so so IN 21781 3086 49 that that IN 21781 3086 50 the the DT 21781 3086 51 entire entire JJ 21781 3086 52 tibia tibia NNP 21781 3086 53 is be VBZ 21781 3086 54 internal internal JJ 21781 3086 55 . . . 21781 3087 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3087 2 1 1 CD 21781 3087 3 and and CC 21781 3087 4 2 2 CD 21781 3087 5 . . . 21781 3088 1 -Limbs.-- -Limbs.-- NNP 21781 3088 2 a.c a.c NNP 21781 3088 3 . . NNP 21781 3088 4 , , , 21781 3088 5 acetabulum acetabulum NNP 21781 3088 6 . . . 21781 3089 1 acr acr NNP 21781 3089 2 . . NNP 21781 3089 3 , , , 21781 3089 4 acromion acromion NN 21781 3089 5 . . . 21781 3090 1 as as IN 21781 3090 2 . . . 21781 3090 3 , , , 21781 3090 4 astragulus astragulus NNP 21781 3090 5 . . . 21781 3091 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3091 2 , , , 21781 3091 3 carpus carpus NNP 21781 3091 4 . . . 21781 3092 1 ca ca NNP 21781 3092 2 . . NNP 21781 3092 3 , , , 21781 3092 4 calcaneum calcaneum NNP 21781 3092 5 . . . 21781 3093 1 co. co. NNP 21781 3093 2 , , , 21781 3093 3 coracoid coracoid NN 21781 3093 4 . . . 21781 3094 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3094 2 coty coty RB 21781 3094 3 . . . 21781 3094 4 , , , 21781 3094 5 cotyloid cotyloid JJ 21781 3094 6 bone bone NN 21781 3094 7 . . . 21781 3094 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3095 1 fb fb NNP 21781 3095 2 . . NNP 21781 3095 3 , , , 21781 3095 4 fibula fibula NNP 21781 3095 5 . . . 21781 3096 1 fe fe NNP 21781 3096 2 . . NNP 21781 3096 3 , , , 21781 3096 4 femur femur NNP 21781 3096 5 . . . 21781 3097 1 g. g. NNP 21781 3097 2 , , , 21781 3097 3 glenoid glenoid NNP 21781 3097 4 cavity cavity NNP 21781 3097 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3097 6 for for IN 21781 3097 7 head head NN 21781 3097 8 of of IN 21781 3097 9 humerus humerus NNP 21781 3097 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3097 11 . . . 21781 3098 1 hd hd NNP 21781 3098 2 . . NNP 21781 3098 3 , , , 21781 3098 4 head head NN 21781 3098 5 of of IN 21781 3098 6 femur femur NN 21781 3098 7 . . . 21781 3099 1 hum hum UH 21781 3099 2 . . NNP 21781 3099 3 , , , 21781 3099 4 humerus humerus NNP 21781 3099 5 . . . 21781 3100 1 i. i. NNP 21781 3100 2 , , , 21781 3100 3 ilium ilium NNP 21781 3100 4 . . . 21781 3101 1 is be VBZ 21781 3101 2 . . . 21781 3101 3 , , , 21781 3101 4 ischium ischium NN 21781 3101 5 . . . 21781 3102 1 m.c m.c NNP 21781 3102 2 . . NNP 21781 3102 3 , , , 21781 3102 4 meta meta JJ 21781 3102 5 - - HYPH 21781 3102 6 carpals carpal NNS 21781 3102 7 . . . 21781 3103 1 na na NNP 21781 3103 2 . . NNP 21781 3103 3 , , , 21781 3103 4 navicular navicular NNP 21781 3103 5 . . . 21781 3104 1 o. o. NNP 21781 3104 2 , , , 21781 3104 3 olecranon olecranon UH 21781 3104 4 process process NN 21781 3104 5 of of IN 21781 3104 6 ulna ulna NNP 21781 3104 7 . . . 21781 3105 1 o.f o.f NNP 21781 3105 2 . . NNP 21781 3105 3 , , , 21781 3105 4 olfactory olfactory NNP 21781 3105 5 fossa fossa NNP 21781 3105 6 . . . 21781 3106 1 pb pb NNP 21781 3106 2 . . NNP 21781 3106 3 , , , 21781 3106 4 pubis pubi VBD 21781 3106 5 . . . 21781 3107 1 r. r. NNP 21781 3107 2 , , , 21781 3107 3 radius radius NNP 21781 3107 4 . . . 21781 3108 1 u. u. NNP 21781 3108 2 , , , 21781 3108 3 ulna ulna NNP 21781 3108 4 . . . 21781 3109 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3109 2 3 3 CD 21781 3109 3 . . . 21781 3110 1 -Sternum.-- -Sternum.-- NFP 21781 3110 2 Mb Mb NNP 21781 3110 3 . . NNP 21781 3110 4 , , , 21781 3110 5 manubrium manubrium NNP 21781 3110 6 . . . 21781 3111 1 r1 r1 NNP 21781 3111 2 . . NNP 21781 3111 3 , , , 21781 3111 4 r2 r2 NNP 21781 3111 5 . . NNP 21781 3111 6 , , , 21781 3111 7 and and CC 21781 3111 8 etc etc FW 21781 3111 9 . . . 21781 3111 10 , , , 21781 3111 11 sternal sternal JJ 21781 3111 12 ribs rib NNS 21781 3111 13 . . . 21781 3112 1 st st NNP 21781 3112 2 . . NNP 21781 3112 3 , , , 21781 3112 4 sternebrae sternebrae NNP 21781 3112 5 . . . 21781 3113 1 xi xi NNP 21781 3113 2 . . NNP 21781 3113 3 , , , 21781 3113 4 Xiphisternum Xiphisternum NNP 21781 3113 5 . . . 21781 3114 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3114 2 4 4 CD 21781 3114 3 . . . 21781 3115 1 Vertebrae.-- Vertebrae.-- NNP 21781 3115 2 At at IN 21781 3115 3 . . NNP 21781 3115 4 , , , 21781 3115 5 Atlas Atlas NNP 21781 3115 6 . . . 21781 3116 1 Ax Ax NNP 21781 3116 2 . . NNP 21781 3116 3 , , , 21781 3116 4 axis axis NNP 21781 3116 5 . . . 21781 3117 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3117 2 , , , 21781 3117 3 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3117 4 b. b. NNP 21781 3117 5 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3118 1 centrum centrum NNP 21781 3118 2 . . . 21781 3119 1 C.V. C.V. NNP 21781 3119 2 , , , 21781 3119 3 caudal caudal JJ 21781 3119 4 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 3119 5 . . . 21781 3120 1 c.v c.v NNP 21781 3120 2 . . NNP 21781 3120 3 , , , 21781 3120 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3120 5 Cer Cer NNP 21781 3120 6 . . . 21781 3120 7 V. V. NNP 21781 3120 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3121 1 cervical cervical JJ 21781 3121 2 vertebra vertebra NNP 21781 3121 3 . . . 21781 3122 1 ep ep NNP 21781 3122 2 . . NNP 21781 3122 3 , , , 21781 3122 4 epiphysis epiphysis NNP 21781 3122 5 . . . 21781 3123 1 f.r f.r NNP 21781 3123 2 . . NNP 21781 3123 3 , , , 21781 3123 4 fused fuse VBN 21781 3123 5 rib rib NN 21781 3123 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3123 7 in in IN 21781 3123 8 cervical cervical JJ 21781 3123 9 vertebrae vertebra NNS 21781 3123 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3123 11 . . . 21781 3124 1 L.V. L.V. NNP 21781 3124 2 , , , 21781 3124 3 Lumbar Lumbar NNP 21781 3124 4 vertebra vertebra NNS 21781 3124 5 . . . 21781 3125 1 m. m. NN 21781 3125 2 , , , 21781 3125 3 metapophysis metapophysis NN 21781 3125 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3125 5 of of IN 21781 3125 6 lumbar lumbar NNP 21781 3125 7 vertebra vertebra NNS 21781 3125 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3125 9 . . . 21781 3126 1 n.a n.a NNP 21781 3126 2 . . NNP 21781 3126 3 , , , 21781 3126 4 neural neural NNP 21781 3126 5 arch arch NNP 21781 3126 6 . . . 21781 3127 1 n.s n.s NNP 21781 3127 2 . . NNP 21781 3127 3 , , , 21781 3127 4 neural neural JJ 21781 3127 5 spine spine NNP 21781 3127 6 . . . 21781 3128 1 r. r. NNP 21781 3128 2 , , , 21781 3128 3 rib rib NNP 21781 3128 4 . . . 21781 3129 1 S.V. S.V. NNP 21781 3129 2 , , , 21781 3129 3 sacral sacral JJ 21781 3129 4 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 3129 5 . . . 21781 3130 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3130 2 T.V. T.V. NNP 21781 3130 3 , , , 21781 3130 4 Thoracic Thoracic NNP 21781 3130 5 . . . 21781 3130 6 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3131 1 tr.p tr.p UH 21781 3131 2 . . . 21781 3131 3 , , , 21781 3131 4 transverse transverse JJ 21781 3131 5 process process NN 21781 3131 6 . . . 21781 3132 1 v.a.c v.a.c NNP 21781 3132 2 . . NNP 21781 3132 3 , , , 21781 3132 4 vertebrarterial vertebrarterial JJ 21781 3132 5 canal canal NN 21781 3132 6 . . . 21781 3133 1 z. z. NNP 21781 3133 2 , , , 21781 3133 3 zygapophysis zygapophysis NNP 21781 3133 4 . . . 21781 3134 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3134 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3134 3 : : : 21781 3134 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3134 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3134 6 5 5 CD 21781 3134 7 . . . 21781 3134 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3135 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3135 2 6 6 CD 21781 3135 3 . . . 21781 3136 1 The the DT 21781 3136 2 Skull Skull NNP 21781 3136 3 of of IN 21781 3136 4 Canis Canis NNP 21781 3136 5 . . . 21781 3137 1 * * NFP 21781 3137 2 -- -- : 21781 3137 3 1 1 CD 21781 3137 4 . . . 21781 3138 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3138 2 . . . 21781 3139 1 2 2 LS 21781 3139 2 . . . 21781 3140 1 Ventral ventral JJ 21781 3140 2 . . . 21781 3141 1 3 3 LS 21781 3141 2 . . . 21781 3142 1 Right right JJ 21781 3142 2 Lateral Lateral NNP 21781 3142 3 Aspect Aspect NNP 21781 3142 4 . . . 21781 3143 1 4 4 LS 21781 3143 2 . . . 21781 3144 1 Section section NN 21781 3144 2 a a DT 21781 3144 3 little little JJ 21781 3144 4 to to IN 21781 3144 5 the the DT 21781 3144 6 left left NN 21781 3144 7 of of IN 21781 3144 8 the the DT 21781 3144 9 nasal nasal NN 21781 3144 10 septum septum NN 21781 3144 11 . . . 21781 3145 1 5 5 CD 21781 3145 2 . . . 21781 3146 1 Lower low JJR 21781 3146 2 jaw jaw NN 21781 3146 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3146 4 smaller small JJR 21781 3146 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3146 6 6 6 CD 21781 3146 7 . . . 21781 3147 1 Hyoid Hyoid NNP 21781 3147 2 apparatus apparatus NNP 21781 3147 3 . . . 21781 3148 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3148 2 Lines line NNS 21781 3148 3 from from IN 21781 3148 4 First First NNP 21781 3148 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 3148 6 only only RB 21781 3148 7 . . . 21781 3148 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3149 1 -*A -*A : 21781 3149 2 Fox Fox NNP 21781 3149 3 in in IN 21781 3149 4 this this DT 21781 3149 5 case case NN 21781 3149 6 . . . 21781 3150 1 The the DT 21781 3150 2 skull skull NN 21781 3150 3 is be VBZ 21781 3150 4 quite quite RB 21781 3150 5 like like IN 21781 3150 6 that that DT 21781 3150 7 of of IN 21781 3150 8 a a DT 21781 3150 9 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3150 10 , , , 21781 3150 11 but but CC 21781 3150 12 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3150 13 has have VBZ 21781 3150 14 the the DT 21781 3150 15 advantage advantage NN 21781 3150 16 of of IN 21781 3150 17 more more RBR 21781 3150 18 distinct distinct JJ 21781 3150 19 sutures suture NNS 21781 3150 20 between between IN 21781 3150 21 the the DT 21781 3150 22 bones.- bones.- NNP 21781 3150 23 a.n a.n NNP 21781 3150 24 . . NNP 21781 3150 25 , , , 21781 3150 26 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3150 27 nares naris NNS 21781 3150 28 . . . 21781 3151 1 a.s a.s NNP 21781 3151 2 . . NNP 21781 3151 3 , , , 21781 3151 4 ali ali NNP 21781 3151 5 - - HYPH 21781 3151 6 sphenoid sphenoid NNP 21781 3151 7 . . . 21781 3152 1 b.h b.h NNP 21781 3152 2 . . NNP 21781 3152 3 , , , 21781 3152 4 body body NN 21781 3152 5 of of IN 21781 3152 6 the the DT 21781 3152 7 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 3152 8 . . . 21781 3153 1 b.o b.o NNP 21781 3153 2 . . NNP 21781 3153 3 , , , 21781 3153 4 basi basi NN 21781 3153 5 - - HYPH 21781 3153 6 occipital occipital NN 21781 3153 7 . . . 21781 3154 1 b.sp b.sp NNP 21781 3154 2 . . NNP 21781 3154 3 , , , 21781 3154 4 basi basi NN 21781 3154 5 - - HYPH 21781 3154 6 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 3154 7 . . . 21781 3155 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3155 2 , , , 21781 3155 3 condyle condyle NN 21781 3155 4 of of IN 21781 3155 5 the the DT 21781 3155 6 skull skull NN 21781 3155 7 . . . 21781 3156 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3156 2 c.1 c.1 NNP 21781 3156 3 , , , 21781 3156 4 c.4 c.4 NNP 21781 3156 5 , , , 21781 3156 6 canines canine NNS 21781 3156 7 . . . 21781 3156 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3157 1 c.f c.f NNP 21781 3157 2 . . NNP 21781 3157 3 , , , 21781 3157 4 condylar condylar JJ 21781 3157 5 foramen foraman NNS 21781 3157 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3157 7 for for IN 21781 3157 8 XII XII NNP 21781 3157 9 . . . 21781 3157 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3157 11 . . . 21781 3158 1 c.h c.h NNP 21781 3158 2 . . NNP 21781 3158 3 , , , 21781 3158 4 cerato cerato NNP 21781 3158 5 - - HYPH 21781 3158 6 hyal hyal NNP 21781 3158 7 . . . 21781 3159 1 E.f E.f NNP 21781 3159 2 . . NNP 21781 3159 3 , , , 21781 3159 4 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 3159 5 foramen foraman NNS 21781 3159 6 . . . 21781 3160 1 e.h e.h NNP 21781 3160 2 . . NNP 21781 3160 3 , , , 21781 3160 4 epihal epihal NNP 21781 3160 5 . . . 21781 3161 1 -e.n -e.n : 21781 3161 2 . . NNP 21781 3161 3 , , , 21781 3161 4 or or CC 21781 3161 5 a.n a.n NNP 21781 3161 6 . . NNP 21781 3161 7 , , , 21781 3161 8 the the DT 21781 3161 9 anterior anterior JJ 21781 3161 10 nares.- nares.- NNP 21781 3161 11 e.o e.o NNP 21781 3161 12 . . NNP 21781 3161 13 , , , 21781 3161 14 exoccipital exoccipital NNP 21781 3161 15 . . . 21781 3162 1 eth eth NNP 21781 3162 2 . . NNP 21781 3162 3 , , , 21781 3162 4 ethmoid ethmoid NNP 21781 3162 5 . . . 21781 3163 1 e.t e.t NNP 21781 3163 2 . . NNP 21781 3163 3 , , , 21781 3163 4 ethmo ethmo NNP 21781 3163 5 - - HYPH 21781 3163 6 turbinal turbinal JJ 21781 3163 7 . . . 21781 3164 1 f. f. NNP 21781 3164 2 , , , 21781 3164 3 frontal frontal NNP 21781 3164 4 . . . 21781 3165 1 f.l.a f.l.a NNP 21781 3165 2 . . NNP 21781 3165 3 , , , 21781 3165 4 foramen foramen NNP 21781 3165 5 lacerum lacerum NNP 21781 3165 6 anterius anterius NN 21781 3165 7 . . . 21781 3166 1 f.l.m f.l.m NNP 21781 3166 2 . . NNP 21781 3166 3 , , , 21781 3166 4 foramen foramen NNP 21781 3166 5 lacerum lacerum NNP 21781 3166 6 medium medium NN 21781 3166 7 . . . 21781 3167 1 f.l.p f.l.p NNP 21781 3167 2 . . NNP 21781 3167 3 , , , 21781 3167 4 foramen foramen NNP 21781 3167 5 lacerum lacerum NNP 21781 3167 6 posterius posterius NN 21781 3167 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3167 8 for for IN 21781 3167 9 IX IX NNP 21781 3167 10 . . . 21781 3167 11 , , , 21781 3167 12 X. X. NNP 21781 3167 13 , , , 21781 3167 14 XI XI NNP 21781 3167 15 . . . 21781 3167 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3167 17 . . . 21781 3168 1 F.M. F.M. NNP 21781 3168 2 , , , 21781 3168 3 or or CC 21781 3168 4 f.m f.m NNP 21781 3168 5 . . NNP 21781 3168 6 , , , 21781 3168 7 foramen foramen NNP 21781 3168 8 magnum magnum NNP 21781 3168 9 . . . 21781 3169 1 f.o f.o NNP 21781 3169 2 . . NNP 21781 3169 3 , , , 21781 3169 4 foramen foramen NNP 21781 3169 5 ovale ovale NN 21781 3169 6 . . . 21781 3170 1 f.r f.r NNP 21781 3170 2 . . NNP 21781 3170 3 , , , 21781 3170 4 foramen foramen NNP 21781 3170 5 rotundum rotundum NNP 21781 3170 6 . . . 21781 3171 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3171 2 i. i. NNP 21781 3171 3 , , , 21781 3171 4 incisors incisor NNS 21781 3171 5 . . . 21781 3171 6 } } -RRB- 21781 3172 1 ju ju NNP 21781 3172 2 . . NNP 21781 3172 3 , , , 21781 3172 4 jugal jugal NNP 21781 3172 5 . . . 21781 3173 1 m. m. NN 21781 3173 2 , , , 21781 3173 3 molars molar NNS 21781 3173 4 . . . 21781 3174 1 m.t m.t NNP 21781 3174 2 . . NNP 21781 3174 3 , , , 21781 3174 4 maxillo maxillo NN 21781 3174 5 - - HYPH 21781 3174 6 turbinal turbinal JJ 21781 3174 7 . . . 21781 3175 1 mx mx NNP 21781 3175 2 . . NNP 21781 3175 3 , , , 21781 3175 4 maxilla maxilla NNP 21781 3175 5 . . . 21781 3176 1 na na NNP 21781 3176 2 . . NNP 21781 3176 3 , , , 21781 3176 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 3176 5 . . . 21781 3177 1 n.t n.t NNP 21781 3177 2 . . NNP 21781 3177 3 , , , 21781 3177 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 3177 5 turbinal turbinal JJ 21781 3177 6 . . . 21781 3178 1 o.f o.f NNP 21781 3178 2 . . NNP 21781 3178 3 , , , 21781 3178 4 optic optic JJ 21781 3178 5 foramen foraman NNS 21781 3178 6 . . . 21781 3179 1 o.s o.s NNP 21781 3179 2 . . NNP 21781 3179 3 , , , 21781 3179 4 orbito orbito NNP 21781 3179 5 - - HYPH 21781 3179 6 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 3179 7 . . . 21781 3180 1 p. p. NN 21781 3180 2 , , , 21781 3180 3 or or CC 21781 3180 4 pal pal NNP 21781 3180 5 . . NNP 21781 3180 6 , , , 21781 3180 7 palatine palatine NNP 21781 3180 8 . . . 21781 3181 1 pa pa NNP 21781 3181 2 . . NNP 21781 3181 3 , , , 21781 3181 4 parietal parietal NNP 21781 3181 5 . . . 21781 3182 1 p.m. p.m. NN 21781 3182 2 , , , 21781 3182 3 pre pre JJ 21781 3182 4 - - NN 21781 3182 5 maxilla maxilla JJ 21781 3182 6 . . . 21781 3183 1 p.m.1 p.m.1 NNP 21781 3183 2 , , , 21781 3183 3 p.m.4 p.m.4 NNP 21781 3183 4 , , , 21781 3183 5 premolars premolar NNS 21781 3183 6 . . . 21781 3184 1 p.n p.n NNP 21781 3184 2 . . NNP 21781 3184 3 , , , 21781 3184 4 posterior posterior NNP 21781 3184 5 nares nares NNP 21781 3184 6 . . . 21781 3185 1 p.sp p.sp NNP 21781 3185 2 . . NNP 21781 3185 3 , , , 21781 3185 4 pre pre NN 21781 3185 5 - - NN 21781 3185 6 sphenoid sphenoid NN 21781 3185 7 . . . 21781 3186 1 pt pt NNP 21781 3186 2 . . NNP 21781 3186 3 , , , 21781 3186 4 pterygoid pterygoid NNP 21781 3186 5 . . . 21781 3187 1 s.h s.h NNP 21781 3187 2 . . NNP 21781 3187 3 , , , 21781 3187 4 stylo stylo NNP 21781 3187 5 - - HYPH 21781 3187 6 hyal hyal NNP 21781 3187 7 . . . 21781 3188 1 s.m.f s.m.f NNP 21781 3188 2 . . NNP 21781 3188 3 , , , 21781 3188 4 stylo stylo JJ 21781 3188 5 - - HYPH 21781 3188 6 mastoid mastoid NN 21781 3188 7 foramen foraman NNS 21781 3188 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3188 9 for for IN 21781 3188 10 VII VII NNP 21781 3188 11 . . . 21781 3188 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3188 13 . . . 21781 3189 1 s.o s.o NNP 21781 3189 2 . . NNP 21781 3189 3 , , , 21781 3189 4 supra supra NNP 21781 3189 5 - - HYPH 21781 3189 6 occipital occipital NNP 21781 3189 7 . . . 21781 3190 1 sq sq NNP 21781 3190 2 . . NNP 21781 3190 3 , , , 21781 3190 4 squamosal squamosal NNP 21781 3190 5 . . . 21781 3191 1 s.t s.t NNP 21781 3191 2 . . NNP 21781 3191 3 , , , 21781 3191 4 sectorial sectorial JJ 21781 3191 5 tooth tooth NNP 21781 3191 6 . . . 21781 3192 1 t.h t.h NNP 21781 3192 2 . . . 21781 3193 1 thyro thyro NNP 21781 3193 2 - - HYPH 21781 3193 3 hyal hyal NNP 21781 3193 4 . . . 21781 3194 1 vo vo NNP 21781 3194 2 . . NNP 21781 3194 3 , , , 21781 3194 4 -black -black HYPH 21781 3194 5 line line NN 21781 3194 6 indicating indicate VBG 21781 3194 7 position position NN 21781 3194 8 of- of- CD 21781 3194 9 vomer vomer NN 21781 3194 10 . . . 21781 3195 1 z.p z.p NNP 21781 3195 2 . . NNP 21781 3195 3 , , , 21781 3195 4 zygomatic zygomatic JJ 21781 3195 5 process process NN 21781 3195 6 of of IN 21781 3195 7 squamosal squamosal NN 21781 3195 8 . . . 21781 3196 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3196 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3196 3 : : : 21781 3196 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3196 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3196 6 6 6 CD 21781 3196 7 . . . 21781 3196 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3197 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3197 2 7 7 CD 21781 3197 3 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3197 4 1 1 CD 21781 3197 5 . . . 21781 3198 1 Striated striated JJ 21781 3198 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 3198 3 fibre fibre NN 21781 3198 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3198 5 of of IN 21781 3198 6 the the DT 21781 3198 7 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3198 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3198 9 , , , 21781 3198 10 ruptured rupture VBD 21781 3198 11 to to TO 21781 3198 12 show show VB 21781 3198 13 sarcolemma sarcolemma NN 21781 3198 14 . . . 21781 3199 1 e.p e.p NNP 21781 3199 2 . . NNP 21781 3199 3 , , , 21781 3199 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3199 5 end end NN 21781 3199 6 plate plate NN 21781 3199 7 . . . 21781 3200 1 K.m K.m NNP 21781 3200 2 . . NNP 21781 3200 3 , , , 21781 3200 4 membrane membrane NN 21781 3200 5 of of IN 21781 3200 6 Krause Krause NNP 21781 3200 7 . . . 21781 3201 1 n. n. NNP 21781 3201 2 , , , 21781 3201 3 nucleus nucleus NNP 21781 3201 4 . . . 21781 3202 1 nv nv NNP 21781 3202 2 . . NNP 21781 3202 3 , , , 21781 3202 4 nerve nerve NNP 21781 3202 5 . . . 21781 3203 1 sc sc NNP 21781 3203 2 . . NNP 21781 3203 3 , , , 21781 3203 4 sarcolemma sarcolemma NN 21781 3203 5 . . . 21781 3204 1 s.e s.e NNP 21781 3204 2 . . NNP 21781 3204 3 , , , 21781 3204 4 sarcous sarcous JJ 21781 3204 5 elements element NNS 21781 3204 6 . . . 21781 3205 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3205 2 2 2 CD 21781 3205 3 . . . 21781 3206 1 Cardiac cardiac JJ 21781 3206 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 3206 3 . . . 21781 3207 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3207 2 3 3 CD 21781 3207 3 . . . 21781 3208 1 Unstriated unstriate VBN 21781 3208 2 muscle muscle NN 21781 3208 3 fibres fibre NNS 21781 3208 4 . . . 21781 3209 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3209 2 4 4 CD 21781 3209 3 . . . 21781 3210 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3210 2 of of IN 21781 3210 3 the the DT 21781 3210 4 Skin skin NN 21781 3210 5 . . . 21781 3211 1 b.v b.v NNP 21781 3211 2 . . NNP 21781 3211 3 , , , 21781 3211 4 blood blood NN 21781 3211 5 vessel vessel NN 21781 3211 6 . . . 21781 3212 1 d. d. NNP 21781 3212 2 , , , 21781 3212 3 areolar areolar NNP 21781 3212 4 tissue tissue NN 21781 3212 5 of of IN 21781 3212 6 the the DT 21781 3212 7 dermis dermis NNP 21781 3212 8 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3212 9 mesoblastic mesoblastic NNP 21781 3212 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3212 11 . . . 21781 3213 1 s.c s.c NNP 21781 3213 2 . . NNP 21781 3213 3 , , , 21781 3213 4 stratum stratum NNP 21781 3213 5 corneum corneum NNP 21781 3213 6 , , , 21781 3213 7 and and CC 21781 3213 8 s.m s.m NNP 21781 3213 9 . . NNP 21781 3213 10 , , , 21781 3213 11 stratum stratum NNP 21781 3213 12 mucosum mucosum NN 21781 3213 13 of of IN 21781 3213 14 the the DT 21781 3213 15 epidermis epidermis NNP 21781 3213 16 . . . 21781 3214 1 s.g s.g NNP 21781 3214 2 . . NNP 21781 3214 3 , , , 21781 3214 4 sweat sweat NNP 21781 3214 5 gland gland NNP 21781 3214 6 . . . 21781 3215 1 t.c t.c NNP 21781 3215 2 . . NNP 21781 3215 3 , , , 21781 3215 4 tactile tactile NN 21781 3215 5 corpuscle corpuscle NN 21781 3215 6 . . . 21781 3216 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3216 2 5 5 CD 21781 3216 3 . . . 21781 3217 1 To to TO 21781 3217 2 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 3217 3 Kidney Kidney NNP 21781 3217 4 structure.-- structure.-- NNP 21781 3217 5 a.b.v a.b.v NNP 21781 3217 6 . . NNP 21781 3217 7 , , , 21781 3217 8 and and CC 21781 3217 9 e.b.v e.b.v NNP 21781 3217 10 . . NNP 21781 3217 11 , , , 21781 3217 12 afferent afferent NN 21781 3217 13 and and CC 21781 3217 14 efferent efferent JJ 21781 3217 15 blood blood NN 21781 3217 16 - - HYPH 21781 3217 17 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3217 18 , , , 21781 3217 19 of of IN 21781 3217 20 which which WDT 21781 3217 21 the the DT 21781 3217 22 latter latter JJ 21781 3217 23 go go VBP 21781 3217 24 to to TO 21781 3217 25 break break VB 21781 3217 26 up up RP 21781 3217 27 upon upon IN 21781 3217 28 the the DT 21781 3217 29 tubli tubli NN 21781 3217 30 . . . 21781 3218 1 B.c B.c NNP 21781 3218 2 . . . 21781 3218 3 , , , 21781 3218 4 one one CD 21781 3218 5 of of IN 21781 3218 6 Bowman Bowman NNP 21781 3218 7 's 's POS 21781 3218 8 capsules capsule NNS 21781 3218 9 of of IN 21781 3218 10 the the DT 21781 3218 11 cortex cortex NN 21781 3218 12 ; ; : 21781 3218 13 ur.t ur.t NNP 21781 3218 14 . . NNP 21781 3218 15 , , , 21781 3218 16 the the DT 21781 3218 17 uriniferous uriniferous JJ 21781 3218 18 tubule tubule NN 21781 3218 19 running run VBG 21781 3218 20 from from IN 21781 3218 21 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3218 22 into into IN 21781 3218 23 the the DT 21781 3218 24 medulla medulla NN 21781 3218 25 , , , 21781 3218 26 where where WRB 21781 3218 27 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3218 28 loops loop VBZ 21781 3218 29 and and CC 21781 3218 30 branches branch NNS 21781 3218 31 ; ; : 21781 3218 32 around around IN 21781 3218 33 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3218 34 branches branch VBZ 21781 3218 35 a a DT 21781 3218 36 blood blood NN 21781 3218 37 - - HYPH 21781 3218 38 vessel vessel NN 21781 3218 39 , , , 21781 3218 40 of of IN 21781 3218 41 which which WDT 21781 3218 42 the the DT 21781 3218 43 latter latter JJ 21781 3218 44 go go VBP 21781 3218 45 to to TO 21781 3218 46 break break VB 21781 3218 47 up up RP 21781 3218 48 upon upon IN 21781 3218 49 the the DT 21781 3218 50 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 3218 51 . . . 21781 3219 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3219 2 , , , 21781 3219 3 cortex cortex NNP 21781 3219 4 . . . 21781 3220 1 g. g. NNP 21781 3220 2 , , , 21781 3220 3 glomerulus glomerulus NNP 21781 3220 4 , , , 21781 3220 5 a a DT 21781 3220 6 knot knot NN 21781 3220 7 of of IN 21781 3220 8 blood blood NN 21781 3220 9 - - HYPH 21781 3220 10 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3220 11 in in IN 21781 3220 12 the the DT 21781 3220 13 capsule capsule NN 21781 3220 14 . . . 21781 3221 1 m. m. NNP 21781 3221 2 , , , 21781 3221 3 medulla medulla NNP 21781 3221 4 . . . 21781 3222 1 p. p. NN 21781 3222 2 , , , 21781 3222 3 pelvis pelvis NNP 21781 3222 4 . . . 21781 3223 1 ur ur NNP 21781 3223 2 . . NNP 21781 3223 3 , , , 21781 3223 4 ureter ureter NNP 21781 3223 5 . . . 21781 3224 1 The the DT 21781 3224 2 water water NN 21781 3224 3 of of IN 21781 3224 4 the the DT 21781 3224 5 urine urine NN 21781 3224 6 is be VBZ 21781 3224 7 probably probably RB 21781 3224 8 filtered filter VBN 21781 3224 9 off off RP 21781 3224 10 in in IN 21781 3224 11 the the DT 21781 3224 12 capsule capsule NN 21781 3224 13 , , , 21781 3224 14 the the DT 21781 3224 15 urea urea NNP 21781 3224 16 and and CC 21781 3224 17 other other JJ 21781 3224 18 salts salt NNS 21781 3224 19 secreted secrete VBN 21781 3224 20 by by IN 21781 3224 21 the the DT 21781 3224 22 tubuli tubuli NN 21781 3224 23 . . . 21781 3225 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3225 2 No no DT 21781 3225 3 Figure figure NN 21781 3225 4 6 6 CD 21781 3225 5 . . . 21781 3225 6 } } -RRB- 21781 3226 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3226 2 7 7 CD 21781 3226 3 . . . 21781 3227 1 The the DT 21781 3227 2 Auditory auditory JJ 21781 3227 3 structures structure NNS 21781 3227 4 of of IN 21781 3227 5 the the DT 21781 3227 6 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3227 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3227 8 diagram diagram NN 21781 3227 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3227 10 . . . 21781 3228 1 See see VB 21781 3228 2 text text NN 21781 3228 3 , , , 21781 3228 4 Section Section NNP 21781 3228 5 115 115 CD 21781 3228 6 . . . 21781 3229 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3229 2 8 8 CD 21781 3229 3 . . . 21781 3230 1 The the DT 21781 3230 2 Eye Eye NNP 21781 3230 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3230 4 diagram diagram NN 21781 3230 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3230 6 . . . 21781 3231 1 See see VB 21781 3231 2 text text NN 21781 3231 3 , , , 21781 3231 4 Section section NN 21781 3231 5 111 111 CD 21781 3231 6 . . . 21781 3232 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3232 2 9 9 CD 21781 3232 3 . . . 21781 3233 1 The the DT 21781 3233 2 Retina Retina NNP 21781 3233 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3233 4 diagram diagram NNP 21781 3233 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3233 6 . . . 21781 3234 1 See see VB 21781 3234 2 text text NN 21781 3234 3 , , , 21781 3234 4 Section Section NNP 21781 3234 5 112 112 CD 21781 3234 6 . . . 21781 3235 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3235 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3235 3 : : : 21781 3235 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3235 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3235 6 7 7 CD 21781 3235 7 . . . 21781 3235 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3236 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3236 2 8 8 CD 21781 3236 3 The the DT 21781 3236 4 Brain Brain NNP 21781 3236 5 of of IN 21781 3236 6 the the DT 21781 3236 7 Rabbit.-- Rabbit.-- NNP 21781 3236 8 1 1 CD 21781 3236 9 . . . 21781 3237 1 In in IN 21781 3237 2 median median JJ 21781 3237 3 section section NN 21781 3237 4 . . . 21781 3238 1 2 2 LS 21781 3238 2 . . . 21781 3239 1 From from IN 21781 3239 2 above above RB 21781 3239 3 , , , 21781 3239 4 with with IN 21781 3239 5 the the DT 21781 3239 6 top top NN 21781 3239 7 of of IN 21781 3239 8 the the DT 21781 3239 9 right right JJ 21781 3239 10 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 3239 11 sliced slice VBN 21781 3239 12 off off RP 21781 3239 13 horizontally horizontally RB 21781 3239 14 at at IN 21781 3239 15 the the DT 21781 3239 16 level level NN 21781 3239 17 of of IN 21781 3239 18 the the DT 21781 3239 19 corpus corpus NNP 21781 3239 20 callosum callosum NNP 21781 3239 21 . . . 21781 3240 1 3 3 LS 21781 3240 2 . . . 21781 3241 1 A a DT 21781 3241 2 deeper deep JJR 21781 3241 3 section section NN 21781 3241 4 through through IN 21781 3241 5 the the DT 21781 3241 6 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NN 21781 3241 7 , , , 21781 3241 8 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 3241 9 to to IN 21781 3241 10 B b NN 21781 3241 11 in in IN 21781 3241 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3241 13 1 1 CD 21781 3241 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3241 15 . . . 21781 3242 1 4 4 LS 21781 3242 2 . . . 21781 3243 1 Under under IN 21781 3243 2 - - HYPH 21781 3243 3 view view NN 21781 3243 4 of of IN 21781 3243 5 the the DT 21781 3243 6 brain brain NN 21781 3243 7 . . . 21781 3244 1 5 5 CD 21781 3244 2 . . . 21781 3245 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3245 2 referred refer VBD 21781 3245 3 to to IN 21781 3245 4 in in IN 21781 3245 5 the the DT 21781 3245 6 text text NN 21781 3245 7 and and CC 21781 3245 8 for for IN 21781 3245 9 comparison comparison NN 21781 3245 10 with with IN 21781 3245 11 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3245 12 7 7 CD 21781 3245 13 , , , 21781 3245 14 3b 3b NNP 21781 3245 15 . . NNP 21781 3245 16 , , , 21781 3245 17 and and CC 21781 3245 18 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3245 19 18 18 CD 21781 3245 20 , , , 21781 3245 21 2 2 CD 21781 3245 22 . . . 21781 3246 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3246 2 Figures Figures NNP 21781 3246 3 1 1 CD 21781 3246 4 - - SYM 21781 3246 5 5 5 CD 21781 3246 6 . . . 21781 3246 7 } } -RRB- 21781 3247 1 ar ar NNP 21781 3247 2 . . NNP 21781 3247 3 , , , 21781 3247 4 arrow arrow NNP 21781 3247 5 in in IN 21781 3247 6 the the DT 21781 3247 7 iter iter NN 21781 3247 8 . . . 21781 3248 1 a.c a.c NNP 21781 3248 2 . . NNP 21781 3248 3 , , , 21781 3248 4 the the DT 21781 3248 5 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3248 6 commissure commissure NN 21781 3248 7 , , , 21781 3248 8 a a DT 21781 3248 9 thickening thickening NN 21781 3248 10 of of IN 21781 3248 11 the the DT 21781 3248 12 anterior anterior JJ 21781 3248 13 wall wall NN 21781 3248 14 of of IN 21781 3248 15 the the DT 21781 3248 16 third third JJ 21781 3248 17 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3248 18 . . . 21781 3249 1 c.c c.c NNP 21781 3249 2 . . NNP 21781 3249 3 , , , 21781 3249 4 corpus corpus NNP 21781 3249 5 callosum callosum NNP 21781 3249 6 . . . 21781 3250 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3251 1 cb cb NNP 21781 3251 2 . . NNP 21781 3251 3 , , , 21781 3251 4 crura crura NNP 21781 3251 5 cerebri cerebri NNP 21781 3251 6 . . . 21781 3252 1 c.h c.h NNP 21781 3252 2 . . NNP 21781 3252 3 , , , 21781 3252 4 cerebral cerebral JJ 21781 3252 5 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 3252 6 . . . 21781 3253 1 c.q c.q NNP 21781 3253 2 . . NNP 21781 3253 3 , , , 21781 3253 4 corpora corpora NNP 21781 3253 5 quadrigemina quadrigemina NNP 21781 3253 6 . . . 21781 3254 1 f.cbm f.cbm UH 21781 3254 2 . . . 21781 3255 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3255 2 right right RB 21781 3255 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3255 4 , , , 21781 3255 5 flocculus flocculus NN 21781 3255 6 of of IN 21781 3255 7 the the DT 21781 3255 8 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 3255 9 . . . 21781 3256 1 l.h l.h NNP 21781 3256 2 . . NNP 21781 3256 3 , , , 21781 3256 4 left leave VBD 21781 3256 5 cerebral cerebral NNP 21781 3256 6 hemisphere hemisphere NN 21781 3256 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3256 8 = = NFP 21781 3256 9 ch ch NNP 21781 3256 10 . . . 21781 3256 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3256 12 . . . 21781 3257 1 l.l l.l NNP 21781 3257 2 . . NNP 21781 3257 3 , , , 21781 3257 4 lateral lateral JJ 21781 3257 5 lobe lobe NN 21781 3257 6 of of IN 21781 3257 7 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 3257 8 . . . 21781 3258 1 m.c m.c NNP 21781 3258 2 . . NNP 21781 3258 3 , , , 21781 3258 4 middle middle JJ 21781 3258 5 commissure commissure NN 21781 3258 6 . . . 21781 3259 1 m.o m.o NNP 21781 3259 2 . . NNP 21781 3259 3 , , , 21781 3259 4 medulla medulla NNP 21781 3259 5 oblongata oblongata NNP 21781 3259 6 . . . 21781 3260 1 op op NNP 21781 3260 2 . . NNP 21781 3260 3 , , , 21781 3260 4 optic optic JJ 21781 3260 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 3260 6 . . . 21781 3261 1 o.l o.l NNP 21781 3261 2 . . NNP 21781 3261 3 , , , 21781 3261 4 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 3261 5 lobe lobe NNP 21781 3261 6 . . . 21781 3262 1 o.th o.th NNP 21781 3262 2 . . NNP 21781 3262 3 , , , 21781 3262 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3262 5 right right UH 21781 3262 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3262 7 , , , 21781 3262 8 optic optic JJ 21781 3262 9 thalamus thalamus NN 21781 3262 10 . . . 21781 3263 1 p.c p.c NNP 21781 3263 2 . . NNP 21781 3263 3 , , , 21781 3263 4 posterior posterior NNP 21781 3263 5 commissure commissure NNP 21781 3263 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3263 7 thickening thickening NN 21781 3263 8 of of IN 21781 3263 9 postero postero NNP 21781 3263 10 - - HYPH 21781 3263 11 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3263 12 wall wall NN 21781 3263 13 of of IN 21781 3263 14 the the DT 21781 3263 15 third third JJ 21781 3263 16 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3263 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3263 18 . . . 21781 3264 1 p.g p.g NNP 21781 3264 2 . . NNP 21781 3264 3 , , , 21781 3264 4 pineal pineal NNP 21781 3264 5 gland gland NNP 21781 3264 6 . . . 21781 3265 1 pt pt NNP 21781 3265 2 . . NNP 21781 3265 3 , , , 21781 3265 4 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 3265 5 body body NN 21781 3265 6 . . . 21781 3266 1 p p LS 21781 3266 2 . . . 21781 3266 3 V. v. NN 21781 3266 4 , , , 21781 3266 5 pons pon NNS 21781 3266 6 Varolii Varolii NNP 21781 3266 7 . . . 21781 3267 1 s.c s.c NNP 21781 3267 2 . . NNP 21781 3267 3 , , , 21781 3267 4 thin thin JJ 21781 3267 5 roof roof NN 21781 3267 6 of of IN 21781 3267 7 the the DT 21781 3267 8 fourth fourth JJ 21781 3267 9 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3267 10 . . . 21781 3268 1 v.cbm v.cbm NNP 21781 3268 2 . . NNP 21781 3268 3 , , , 21781 3268 4 vermis vermis NNP 21781 3268 5 of of IN 21781 3268 6 cerebrum cerebrum NNP 21781 3268 7 . . . 21781 3269 1 v.l v.l NNP 21781 3269 2 . . NNP 21781 3269 3 , , , 21781 3269 4 lateral lateral JJ 21781 3269 5 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3269 6 . . . 21781 3270 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3270 2 Figure figure NN 21781 3270 3 4 4 CD 21781 3270 4 . . . 21781 3270 5 } } -RRB- 21781 3271 1 Nerves.-- Nerves.-- NNP 21781 3271 2 I. I. NNP 21781 3271 3 , , , 21781 3271 4 Olfactory Olfactory NNP 21781 3271 5 . . . 21781 3272 1 II II NNP 21781 3272 2 . . NNP 21781 3272 3 , , , 21781 3272 4 Optic Optic NNP 21781 3272 5 . . . 21781 3273 1 III III NNP 21781 3273 2 . . NNP 21781 3273 3 , , , 21781 3273 4 Oculo Oculo NNP 21781 3273 5 - - HYPH 21781 3273 6 motor motor NN 21781 3273 7 . . . 21781 3274 1 IV IV NNP 21781 3274 2 . . NNP 21781 3274 3 , , , 21781 3274 4 Patheticus Patheticus NNP 21781 3274 5 . . . 21781 3275 1 V. V. NNP 21781 3275 2 , , , 21781 3275 3 Trigeminal Trigeminal NNP 21781 3275 4 . . . 21781 3276 1 VI VI NNP 21781 3276 2 . . NNP 21781 3276 3 , , , 21781 3276 4 Abducens Abducens NNP 21781 3276 5 . . . 21781 3277 1 VII VII NNP 21781 3277 2 . . NNP 21781 3277 3 , , , 21781 3277 4 Facial Facial NNP 21781 3277 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3277 6 portio portio NNP 21781 3277 7 dura dura NNP 21781 3277 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3277 9 . . . 21781 3278 1 VIII VIII NNP 21781 3278 2 . . . 21781 3278 3 , , , 21781 3278 4 Auditory auditory NN 21781 3278 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3278 6 portio portio NNP 21781 3278 7 mollis mollis NNP 21781 3278 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3278 9 . . . 21781 3279 1 IX ix NN 21781 3279 2 . . . 21781 3279 3 , , , 21781 3279 4 Gustatory gustatory NN 21781 3279 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3279 6 glossopharyngeal glossopharyngeal JJ 21781 3279 7 . . . 21781 3280 1 X. X. NNP 21781 3280 2 , , , 21781 3280 3 Pneumogastric Pneumogastric NNP 21781 3280 4 or or CC 21781 3280 5 vagus vagus NNP 21781 3280 6 . . . 21781 3281 1 XI XI NNP 21781 3281 2 . . . 21781 3281 3 , , , 21781 3281 4 Spinal Spinal NNP 21781 3281 5 Accessory Accessory NNP 21781 3281 6 . . . 21781 3282 1 XII XII NNP 21781 3282 2 . . . 21781 3282 3 , , , 21781 3282 4 Hygoglossal Hygoglossal NNP 21781 3282 5 . . . 21781 3283 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3283 2 6 6 CD 21781 3283 3 . . . 21781 3284 1 The the DT 21781 3284 2 Spinal Spinal NNP 21781 3284 3 Cord Cord NNP 21781 3284 4 in in IN 21781 3284 5 section.-- section.-- CD 21781 3284 6 c.c c.c NNP 21781 3284 7 . . NNP 21781 3284 8 , , , 21781 3284 9 the the DT 21781 3284 10 central central NNP 21781 3284 11 canal canal NN 21781 3284 12 . . . 21781 3285 1 d.f d.f NNP 21781 3285 2 . . NNP 21781 3285 3 , , , 21781 3285 4 the the DT 21781 3285 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3285 6 fissure fissure NN 21781 3285 7 . . . 21781 3286 1 d.n d.n NNP 21781 3286 2 . . NNP 21781 3286 3 , , , 21781 3286 4 the the DT 21781 3286 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3286 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 3286 7 root root NN 21781 3286 8 ; ; : 21781 3286 9 g. g. NNP 21781 3286 10 , , , 21781 3286 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3286 12 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 3286 13 . . . 21781 3287 1 v.f v.f NNP 21781 3287 2 . . NNP 21781 3287 3 , , , 21781 3287 4 the the DT 21781 3287 5 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3287 6 fissure fissure NN 21781 3287 7 . . . 21781 3288 1 v.n v.n NNP 21781 3288 2 . . NNP 21781 3288 3 , , , 21781 3288 4 the the DT 21781 3288 5 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3288 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 3288 7 root root NN 21781 3288 8 . . . 21781 3289 1 Note note VB 21781 3289 2 that that IN 21781 3289 3 in in IN 21781 3289 4 Figure figure NN 21781 3289 5 1 1 CD 21781 3289 6 the the DT 21781 3289 7 central central JJ 21781 3289 8 canal canal NN 21781 3289 9 is be VBZ 21781 3289 10 continuous continuous JJ 21781 3289 11 with with IN 21781 3289 12 the the DT 21781 3289 13 fourth fourth JJ 21781 3289 14 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3289 15 . . . 21781 3290 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3290 2 7 7 CD 21781 3290 3 . . . 21781 3291 1 Histological Histological NNP 21781 3291 2 elements.-- elements.-- NNP 21781 3291 3 g.c g.c NNP 21781 3291 4 . . NNP 21781 3291 5 , , , 21781 3291 6 multipolar multipolar JJ 21781 3291 7 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 3291 8 cell cell NN 21781 3291 9 . . . 21781 3292 1 n. n. NNP 21781 3292 2 , , , 21781 3292 3 nucleus nucleus NNP 21781 3292 4 of of IN 21781 3292 5 a a DT 21781 3292 6 medullated medullated JJ 21781 3292 7 nerve nerve NN 21781 3292 8 . . . 21781 3293 1 a.c a.c NNP 21781 3293 2 . . NNP 21781 3293 3 , , , 21781 3293 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3293 5 axis axis JJ 21781 3293 6 fibre fibre NN 21781 3293 7 . . . 21781 3294 1 s s LS 21781 3294 2 . . . 21781 3294 3 S. S. NNP 21781 3294 4 , , , 21781 3294 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3294 6 sheath sheath NN 21781 3294 7 of of IN 21781 3294 8 Schwann Schwann NNP 21781 3294 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3294 10 , , , 21781 3294 11 medullary medullary JJ 21781 3294 12 sheath sheath NN 21781 3294 13 interrupted interrupt VBN 21781 3294 14 at at IN 21781 3294 15 intervals interval NNS 21781 3294 16 by by IN 21781 3294 17 n n NN 21781 3294 18 . . . 21781 3294 19 R. R. NNP 21781 3294 20 , , , 21781 3294 21 the the DT 21781 3294 22 nodes node NNS 21781 3294 23 of of IN 21781 3294 24 Ranvier Ranvier NNP 21781 3294 25 . . . 21781 3295 1 n.m.f n.m.f NNP 21781 3295 2 . . NNP 21781 3295 3 , , , 21781 3295 4 a a DT 21781 3295 5 non non JJ 21781 3295 6 - - JJ 21781 3295 7 medullated medullated JJ 21781 3295 8 fibre fibre NN 21781 3295 9 . . . 21781 3296 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3296 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3296 3 : : : 21781 3296 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3296 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3296 6 8 8 CD 21781 3296 7 . . . 21781 3296 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3297 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3297 2 9 9 CD 21781 3297 3 . . . 21781 3298 1 -The -The NFP 21781 3298 2 Nerves nerve NNS 21781 3298 3 of of IN 21781 3298 4 the the DT 21781 3298 5 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3298 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3298 7 . . . 21781 3299 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3299 2 I. i. NN 21781 3300 1 Rough rough JJ 21781 3300 2 sketch sketch NN 21781 3300 3 of of IN 21781 3300 4 dissection dissection NN 21781 3300 5 of of IN 21781 3300 6 the the DT 21781 3300 7 neck neck NN 21781 3300 8 from from IN 21781 3300 9 the the DT 21781 3300 10 left left JJ 21781 3300 11 ventral ventral NN 21781 3300 12 aspect.-- aspect.-- . 21781 3300 13 The the DT 21781 3300 14 bands band NNS 21781 3300 15 of of IN 21781 3300 16 muscle muscle NN 21781 3300 17 between between IN 21781 3300 18 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 3300 19 , , , 21781 3300 20 mandible mandible JJ 21781 3300 21 , , , 21781 3300 22 and and CC 21781 3300 23 sternum sternum JJ 21781 3300 24 , , , 21781 3300 25 and and CC 21781 3300 26 the the DT 21781 3300 27 thymus thymus NNP 21781 3300 28 gland gland NNP 21781 3300 29 carefully carefully RB 21781 3300 30 cleared clear VBD 21781 3300 31 . . . 21781 3301 1 lr lr NNP 21781 3301 2 . . NNP 21781 3301 3 , , , 21781 3301 4 is be VBZ 21781 3301 5 the the DT 21781 3301 6 larynx larynx NN 21781 3301 7 , , , 21781 3301 8 and and CC 21781 3301 9 b. b. NNP 21781 3301 10 , , , 21781 3301 11 the the DT 21781 3301 12 balla balla NN 21781 3301 13 . . . 21781 3302 1 s.m.g s.m.g NNP 21781 3302 2 . . NNP 21781 3302 3 , , , 21781 3302 4 the the DT 21781 3302 5 right right JJ 21781 3302 6 sub sub JJ 21781 3302 7 - - JJ 21781 3302 8 maxillary maxillary JJ 21781 3302 9 gland gland NN 21781 3302 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3302 11 the the DT 21781 3302 12 left left NN 21781 3302 13 has have VBZ 21781 3302 14 been be VBN 21781 3302 15 removed remove VBN 21781 3302 16 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3302 17 . . . 21781 3303 1 The the DT 21781 3303 2 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3303 3 are be VBP 21781 3303 4 numbered number VBN 21781 3303 5 . . . 21781 3304 1 l.r.l.n l.r.l.n NNP 21781 3304 2 . . NNP 21781 3304 3 , , , 21781 3304 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3304 5 r.r.l.n r.r.l.n NNP 21781 3304 6 . . . 21781 3304 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3305 1 is be VBZ 21781 3305 2 the the DT 21781 3305 3 left left JJ 21781 3305 4 recurrent recurrent JJ 21781 3305 5 laryngeal laryngeal NN 21781 3305 6 looping loop VBG 21781 3305 7 under under IN 21781 3305 8 that that DT 21781 3305 9 solid solid JJ 21781 3305 10 connection connection NN 21781 3305 11 between between IN 21781 3305 12 the the DT 21781 3305 13 pulmonary pulmonary JJ 21781 3305 14 artery artery NN 21781 3305 15 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3305 16 p.a p.a NNP 21781 3305 17 . . NNP 21781 3305 18 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3306 1 and and CC 21781 3306 2 ao ao NNP 21781 3306 3 . . NNP 21781 3306 4 , , , 21781 3306 5 the the DT 21781 3306 6 aortic aortic NN 21781 3306 7 arch arch NN 21781 3306 8 , , , 21781 3306 9 which which WDT 21781 3306 10 was be VBD 21781 3306 11 an an DT 21781 3306 12 open open JJ 21781 3306 13 tube tube NN 21781 3306 14 in in IN 21781 3306 15 the the DT 21781 3306 16 embryo embryo NN 21781 3306 17 , , , 21781 3306 18 the the DT 21781 3306 19 ductus ductus NNP 21781 3306 20 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 3306 21 . . . 21781 3307 1 hy hy NNP 21781 3307 2 . . NNP 21781 3307 3 , , , 21781 3307 4 is be VBZ 21781 3307 5 the the DT 21781 3307 6 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 3307 7 with with IN 21781 3307 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3307 9 posterior posterior NN 21781 3307 10 cornua cornua NN 21781 3307 11 . . . 21781 3308 1 ph.n ph.n NNP 21781 3308 2 . . . 21781 3308 3 , , , 21781 3308 4 is be VBZ 21781 3308 5 the the DT 21781 3308 6 phrenic phrenic JJ 21781 3308 7 nerve nerve NN 21781 3308 8 . . . 21781 3309 1 r.r.l.n r.r.l.n NNP 21781 3309 2 . . NNP 21781 3309 3 , , , 21781 3309 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3309 5 l.r.l.n l.r.l.n NNP 21781 3309 6 . . . 21781 3309 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3310 1 is be VBZ 21781 3310 2 the the DT 21781 3310 3 right right JJ 21781 3310 4 recurrent recurrent NN 21781 3310 5 looping looping NN 21781 3310 6 under under IN 21781 3310 7 the the DT 21781 3310 8 sub sub JJ 21781 3310 9 - - NN 21781 3310 10 clavian clavian JJ 21781 3310 11 . . . 21781 3311 1 s.c.g s.c.g NNP 21781 3311 2 . . NNP 21781 3311 3 , , , 21781 3311 4 is be VBZ 21781 3311 5 the the DT 21781 3311 6 super super JJ 21781 3311 7 or or CC 21781 3311 8 cervical cervical JJ 21781 3311 9 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 3311 10 of of IN 21781 3311 11 the the DT 21781 3311 12 sympathetic sympathetic JJ 21781 3311 13 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3311 14 sym sym NNP 21781 3311 15 . . . 21781 3312 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3312 2 ; ; : 21781 3312 3 s.l.n s.l.n NNP 21781 3312 4 . . NNP 21781 3312 5 , , , 21781 3312 6 is be VBZ 21781 3312 7 the the DT 21781 3312 8 left left JJ 21781 3312 9 superior superior JJ 21781 3312 10 laryngeal laryngeal NN 21781 3312 11 , , , 21781 3312 12 and and CC 21781 3312 13 g. g. NNP 21781 3312 14 the the DT 21781 3312 15 left left JJ 21781 3312 16 depressor depressor NN 21781 3312 17 branch branch NN 21781 3312 18 of of IN 21781 3312 19 x. x. NNP 21781 3312 20 z. z. NNP 21781 3312 21 , , , 21781 3312 22 is be VBZ 21781 3312 23 the the DT 21781 3312 24 ramus ramus NNP 21781 3312 25 descendens descenden VBZ 21781 3312 26 noni noni RB 21781 3312 27 of of IN 21781 3312 28 the the DT 21781 3312 29 twelfth twelfth JJ 21781 3312 30 nerve nerve NN 21781 3312 31 . . . 21781 3313 1 In in IN 21781 3313 2 early early JJ 21781 3313 3 development development NN 21781 3313 4 the the DT 21781 3313 5 heart heart NN 21781 3313 6 lay lie VBD 21781 3313 7 just just RB 21781 3313 8 beneath beneath IN 21781 3313 9 the the DT 21781 3313 10 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 3313 11 in in IN 21781 3313 12 the the DT 21781 3313 13 position position NN 21781 3313 14 of of IN 21781 3313 15 the the DT 21781 3313 16 larynx larynx NN 21781 3313 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3313 18 compare compare VB 21781 3313 19 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3313 20 - - HYPH 21781 3313 21 fish fish NN 21781 3313 22 and and CC 21781 3313 23 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3313 24 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3313 25 ; ; : 21781 3313 26 as as IN 21781 3313 27 the the DT 21781 3313 28 neck neck NN 21781 3313 29 elongated elongate VBD 21781 3313 30 , , , 21781 3313 31 the the DT 21781 3313 32 heart heart NN 21781 3313 33 shifted shift VBD 21781 3313 34 back back RB 21781 3313 35 with with IN 21781 3313 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3313 37 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3313 38 , , , 21781 3313 39 and and CC 21781 3313 40 so so RB 21781 3313 41 the the DT 21781 3313 42 long long JJ 21781 3313 43 loop loop NN 21781 3313 44 of of IN 21781 3313 45 the the DT 21781 3313 46 recurrent recurrent JJ 21781 3313 47 laryngeal laryngeal NN 21781 3313 48 comes come VBZ 21781 3313 49 to to TO 21781 3313 50 be be VB 21781 3313 51 drawn draw VBN 21781 3313 52 out out RP 21781 3313 53 in in IN 21781 3313 54 this this DT 21781 3313 55 singular singular JJ 21781 3313 56 way way NN 21781 3313 57 . . . 21781 3314 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3314 2 II II NNP 21781 3314 3 . . . 21781 3315 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3315 2 of of IN 21781 3315 3 orbit orbit NN 21781 3315 4 to to TO 21781 3315 5 show show VB 21781 3315 6 V.1 V.1 NNP 21781 3315 7 orbit orbit NN 21781 3315 8 - - HYPH 21781 3315 9 nasal nasal NN 21781 3315 10 , , , 21781 3315 11 V.2 V.2 NNP 21781 3315 12 the the DT 21781 3315 13 maxillary maxillary NN 21781 3315 14 , , , 21781 3315 15 and and CC 21781 3315 16 V.3 v.3 VB 21781 3315 17 the the DT 21781 3315 18 mandibular mandibular JJ 21781 3315 19 branch branch NN 21781 3315 20 of of IN 21781 3315 21 V. V. NNP 21781 3315 22 In in IN 21781 3315 23 order order NN 21781 3315 24 to to TO 21781 3315 25 show show VB 21781 3315 26 these these DT 21781 3315 27 in in IN 21781 3315 28 dissection dissection NN 21781 3315 29 , , , 21781 3315 30 the the DT 21781 3315 31 malar malar NN 21781 3315 32 must must MD 21781 3315 33 be be VB 21781 3315 34 cut cut VBN 21781 3315 35 away away RB 21781 3315 36 , , , 21781 3315 37 and and CC 21781 3315 38 the the DT 21781 3315 39 eye eye NN 21781 3315 40 and and CC 21781 3315 41 glands gland NNS 21781 3315 42 of of IN 21781 3315 43 the the DT 21781 3315 44 orbit orbit NN 21781 3315 45 removed remove VBN 21781 3315 46 . . . 21781 3316 1 s.r s.r NNP 21781 3316 2 . . NNP 21781 3316 3 , , , 21781 3316 4 e.r e.r NNP 21781 3316 5 . . . 21781 3317 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3317 2 p.r p.r NNP 21781 3317 3 . . . 21781 3318 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3318 2 , , , 21781 3318 3 i.r i.r NNP 21781 3318 4 . . NNP 21781 3318 5 , , , 21781 3318 6 and and CC 21781 3318 7 a.r a.r NNP 21781 3318 8 . . NNP 21781 3318 9 , , , 21781 3318 10 cut cut VBD 21781 3318 11 ends end NNS 21781 3318 12 of of IN 21781 3318 13 the the DT 21781 3318 14 superior superior JJ 21781 3318 15 , , , 21781 3318 16 external external JJ 21781 3318 17 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3318 18 or or CC 21781 3318 19 posterior posterior NN 21781 3318 20 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3318 21 , , , 21781 3318 22 inferior inferior JJ 21781 3318 23 , , , 21781 3318 24 and and CC 21781 3318 25 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3318 26 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3318 27 or or CC 21781 3318 28 internal internal JJ 21781 3318 29 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3318 30 recti recti JJ 21781 3318 31 muscles muscle NNS 21781 3318 32 . . . 21781 3319 1 s.o s.o NNP 21781 3319 2 . . NNP 21781 3319 3 , , , 21781 3319 4 and and CC 21781 3319 5 i.o i.o NNP 21781 3319 6 . . NNP 21781 3319 7 , , , 21781 3319 8 the the DT 21781 3319 9 superior superior JJ 21781 3319 10 and and CC 21781 3319 11 inferior inferior JJ 21781 3319 12 obliques oblique NNS 21781 3319 13 . . . 21781 3320 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3320 2 III III NNP 21781 3320 3 . . . 21781 3321 1 General general JJ 21781 3321 2 diagram diagram NN 21781 3321 3 of of IN 21781 3321 4 the the DT 21781 3321 5 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3321 6 's 's POS 21781 3321 7 cranial cranial JJ 21781 3321 8 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3321 9 . . . 21781 3322 1 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3322 2 IV IV NNP 21781 3322 3 . . . 21781 3323 1 Rough rough JJ 21781 3323 2 sketch sketch NN 21781 3323 3 of of IN 21781 3323 4 dissection dissection NN 21781 3323 5 of of IN 21781 3323 6 the the DT 21781 3323 7 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3323 8 and and CC 21781 3323 9 blood blood NN 21781 3323 10 - - HYPH 21781 3323 11 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3323 12 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3323 13 to to IN 21781 3323 14 stomach.-- stomach.-- CD 21781 3323 15 The the DT 21781 3323 16 stomach stomach NN 21781 3323 17 turned turn VBD 21781 3323 18 over over RP 21781 3323 19 to to IN 21781 3323 20 the the DT 21781 3323 21 animal animal NN 21781 3323 22 's 's POS 21781 3323 23 right right NN 21781 3323 24 , , , 21781 3323 25 the the DT 21781 3323 26 Spigelian spigelian JJ 21781 3323 27 liver liver NN 21781 3323 28 lobe lobe NN 21781 3323 29 cleared clear VBN 21781 3323 30 from from IN 21781 3323 31 the the DT 21781 3323 32 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 3323 33 , , , 21781 3323 34 the the DT 21781 3323 35 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 3323 36 supporting support VBG 21781 3323 37 spleen spleen NN 21781 3323 38 and and CC 21781 3323 39 hiding hide VBG 21781 3323 40 solar solar JJ 21781 3323 41 plexus plexus NN 21781 3323 42 picked pick VBD 21781 3323 43 off off RP 21781 3323 44 , , , 21781 3323 45 and and CC 21781 3323 46 the the DT 21781 3323 47 mesentery mesentery NN 21781 3323 48 hiding hide VBG 21781 3323 49 sympathetic sympathetic NN 21781 3323 50 cleared clear VBD 21781 3323 51 . . . 21781 3324 1 coe.art coe.art NNP 21781 3324 2 . . NNP 21781 3324 3 , , , 21781 3324 4 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 3324 5 artery artery NN 21781 3324 6 , , , 21781 3324 7 and and CC 21781 3324 8 s.m.a s.m.a NNP 21781 3324 9 . . NNP 21781 3324 10 , , , 21781 3324 11 superior superior JJ 21781 3324 12 mesenteric mesenteric JJ 21781 3324 13 artery artery NN 21781 3324 14 . . . 21781 3325 1 coe.g coe.g NFP 21781 3325 2 . . . 21781 3326 1 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 3326 2 , , , 21781 3326 3 and and CC 21781 3326 4 s.m.g s.m.g NNP 21781 3326 5 . . NNP 21781 3326 6 , , , 21781 3326 7 superior superior NNP 21781 3326 8 mesenteric mesenteric NNP 21781 3326 9 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 3326 10 . . . 21781 3327 1 The the DT 21781 3327 2 two two CD 21781 3327 3 together together RB 21781 3327 4 form form VBP 21781 3327 5 the the DT 21781 3327 6 solar solar JJ 21781 3327 7 plexus plexus NN 21781 3327 8 . . . 21781 3328 1 l.abd.sym l.abd.sym NNP 21781 3328 2 . . NNP 21781 3328 3 , , , 21781 3328 4 left leave VBD 21781 3328 5 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 3328 6 sympathetic sympathetic NN 21781 3328 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3328 8 in in IN 21781 3328 9 the the DT 21781 3328 10 actual actual JJ 21781 3328 11 dissection dissection NN 21781 3328 12 , , , 21781 3328 13 the the DT 21781 3328 14 right right NN 21781 3328 15 would would MD 21781 3328 16 also also RB 21781 3328 17 be be VB 21781 3328 18 visible visible JJ 21781 3328 19 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3328 20 . . . 21781 3329 1 l.a.r l.a.r NNP 21781 3329 2 . . NNP 21781 3329 3 , , , 21781 3329 4 left leave VBD 21781 3329 5 adrenal adrenal NNP 21781 3329 6 . . . 21781 3330 1 l.sp.n l.sp.n NNP 21781 3330 2 . . . 21781 3330 3 , , , 21781 3330 4 left leave VBD 21781 3330 5 splanchnic splanchnic JJ 21781 3330 6 nerve nerve NN 21781 3330 7 . . . 21781 3331 1 r.art r.art NNP 21781 3331 2 . . NNP 21781 3331 3 , , , 21781 3331 4 renal renal JJ 21781 3331 5 artery artery NN 21781 3331 6 . . . 21781 3332 1 r.v r.v NNP 21781 3332 2 . . NNP 21781 3332 3 , , , 21781 3332 4 renal renal JJ 21781 3332 5 vein vein NN 21781 3332 6 . . . 21781 3333 1 st st NNP 21781 3333 2 . . NNP 21781 3333 3 , , , 21781 3333 4 the the DT 21781 3333 5 stomach stomach NN 21781 3333 6 , , , 21781 3333 7 and and CC 21781 3333 8 sp sp NNP 21781 3333 9 . . NNP 21781 3333 10 , , , 21781 3333 11 the the DT 21781 3333 12 spleen spleen NN 21781 3333 13 . . . 21781 3334 1 x. x. NNP 21781 3334 2 , , , 21781 3334 3 the the DT 21781 3334 4 vagus vagus NN 21781 3334 5 on on IN 21781 3334 6 oes oes NNP 21781 3334 7 . . . 21781 3334 8 , , , 21781 3334 9 the the DT 21781 3334 10 oesophagus oesophagus NN 21781 3334 11 . . . 21781 3335 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3335 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3335 3 : : : 21781 3335 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3335 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3335 6 9 9 CD 21781 3335 7 . . . 21781 3335 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3336 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3336 2 10 10 CD 21781 3336 3 . . . 21781 3337 1 -Reproductive -Reproductive : 21781 3337 2 Organs organ NNS 21781 3337 3 of of IN 21781 3337 4 the the DT 21781 3337 5 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3337 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3337 7 . . . 21781 3338 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3338 2 1 1 CD 21781 3338 3 . . . 21781 3339 1 The the DT 21781 3339 2 Male Male NNP 21781 3339 3 . . . 21781 3340 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3340 2 2 2 CD 21781 3340 3 . . . 21781 3341 1 The the DT 21781 3341 2 Female Female NNP 21781 3341 3 Organs Organs NNPS 21781 3341 4 . . . 21781 3342 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3342 2 The the DT 21781 3342 3 symbols symbol NNS 21781 3342 4 below below IN 21781 3342 5 the the DT 21781 3342 6 figures figure NNS 21781 3342 7 indicate indicate VBP 21781 3342 8 the the DT 21781 3342 9 sex sex NN 21781 3342 10 . . . 21781 3342 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3343 1 pb pb NNP 21781 3343 2 . . NNP 21781 3343 3 , , , 21781 3343 4 is be VBZ 21781 3343 5 the the DT 21781 3343 6 pubic pubic JJ 21781 3343 7 symphysis symphysis NN 21781 3343 8 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3343 9 which which WDT 21781 3343 10 has have VBZ 21781 3343 11 been be VBN 21781 3343 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3343 13 cut cut VBN 21781 3343 14 through through RP 21781 3343 15 . . . 21781 3344 1 R. R. NNP 21781 3344 2 , , , 21781 3344 3 the the DT 21781 3344 4 rectum rectum NN 21781 3344 5 , , , 21781 3344 6 with with IN 21781 3344 7 r.g r.g NNP 21781 3344 8 . . NNP 21781 3344 9 , , , 21781 3344 10 the the DT 21781 3344 11 rectal rectal NNP 21781 3344 12 gland gland NNP 21781 3344 13 , , , 21781 3344 14 and and CC 21781 3344 15 a. a. NN 21781 3344 16 , , , 21781 3344 17 the the DT 21781 3344 18 anus anus NN 21781 3344 19 . . . 21781 3345 1 t. t. NNP 21781 3345 2 , , , 21781 3345 3 the the DT 21781 3345 4 tail tail NN 21781 3345 5 . . . 21781 3346 1 r.ur r.ur NNP 21781 3346 2 . . NNP 21781 3346 3 , , , 21781 3346 4 the the DT 21781 3346 5 right right JJ 21781 3346 6 ureter ureter NN 21781 3346 7 . . . 21781 3347 1 l.ur l.ur NNP 21781 3347 2 . . . 21781 3347 3 , , , 21781 3347 4 the the DT 21781 3347 5 left left JJ 21781 3347 6 ureter ureter NN 21781 3347 7 . . . 21781 3348 1 ur.b ur.b NNP 21781 3348 2 . . NNP 21781 3348 3 , , , 21781 3348 4 the the DT 21781 3348 5 urinary urinary JJ 21781 3348 6 bladder bladder NN 21781 3348 7 . . . 21781 3349 1 In in IN 21781 3349 2 the the DT 21781 3349 3 Male Male NNP 21781 3349 4 ep ep NNP 21781 3349 5 . . . 21781 3349 6 , , , 21781 3349 7 the the DT 21781 3349 8 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 3349 9 . . . 21781 3350 1 P. P. NNP 21781 3350 2 , , , 21781 3350 3 the the DT 21781 3350 4 penis penis NN 21781 3350 5 . . . 21781 3351 1 pp pp NNP 21781 3351 2 . . NNP 21781 3351 3 , , , 21781 3351 4 the the DT 21781 3351 5 prepuce prepuce NN 21781 3351 6 . . . 21781 3352 1 scr scr NNP 21781 3352 2 . . NNP 21781 3352 3 , , , 21781 3352 4 the the DT 21781 3352 5 scrotal scrotal JJ 21781 3352 6 sac sac NN 21781 3352 7 , , , 21781 3352 8 containing contain VBG 21781 3352 9 these these DT 21781 3352 10 ; ; : 21781 3352 11 r.v.d r.v.d NNP 21781 3352 12 . . NNP 21781 3352 13 , , , 21781 3352 14 the the DT 21781 3352 15 right right JJ 21781 3352 16 vas vas NN 21781 3352 17 deferens deferen NNS 21781 3352 18 . . . 21781 3353 1 T. T. NNP 21781 3353 2 , , , 21781 3353 3 is be VBZ 21781 3353 4 the the DT 21781 3353 5 testis testis NNP 21781 3353 6 . . . 21781 3354 1 u.m u.m NNP 21781 3354 2 . . NNP 21781 3354 3 , , , 21781 3354 4 the the DT 21781 3354 5 uterus uterus NNP 21781 3354 6 masculinus masculinus NN 21781 3354 7 . . . 21781 3355 1 In in IN 21781 3355 2 the the DT 21781 3355 3 Female Female NNP 21781 3355 4 c.ut c.ut NNP 21781 3355 5 , , , 21781 3355 6 the the DT 21781 3355 7 left left JJ 21781 3355 8 cornu cornu NNP 21781 3355 9 uteri uteri NN 21781 3355 10 . . . 21781 3356 1 F.t F.t NNP 21781 3356 2 . . NNP 21781 3356 3 , , , 21781 3356 4 the the DT 21781 3356 5 left left JJ 21781 3356 6 Fallopian fallopian JJ 21781 3356 7 tube tube NN 21781 3356 8 . . . 21781 3357 1 ov ov IN 21781 3357 2 . . NNP 21781 3357 3 , , , 21781 3357 4 is be VBZ 21781 3357 5 the the DT 21781 3357 6 ovary ovary JJ 21781 3357 7 , , , 21781 3357 8 with with IN 21781 3357 9 a a DT 21781 3357 10 Graafian graafian JJ 21781 3357 11 follicle follicle NN 21781 3357 12 , , , 21781 3357 13 G.F. G.F. NNP 21781 3357 14 V. V. NNP 21781 3357 15 , , , 21781 3357 16 the the DT 21781 3357 17 vagina vagina NN 21781 3357 18 . . . 21781 3358 1 v.b v.b NNP 21781 3358 2 . . NNP 21781 3358 3 , , , 21781 3358 4 the the DT 21781 3358 5 vestibule vestibule NN 21781 3358 6 . . . 21781 3359 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3359 2 3 3 CD 21781 3359 3 . . . 21781 3360 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3360 2 of of IN 21781 3360 3 ovary ovary JJ 21781 3360 4 with with IN 21781 3360 5 stages stage NNS 21781 3360 6 in in IN 21781 3360 7 the the DT 21781 3360 8 development development NN 21781 3360 9 of of IN 21781 3360 10 a a DT 21781 3360 11 Graafian graafian JJ 21781 3360 12 follicle follicle NN 21781 3360 13 1 1 CD 21781 3360 14 , , , 21781 3360 15 2 2 CD 21781 3360 16 , , , 21781 3360 17 3 3 CD 21781 3360 18 , , , 21781 3360 19 4 4 CD 21781 3360 20 , , , 21781 3360 21 5 5 CD 21781 3360 22 , , , 21781 3360 23 see see VB 21781 3360 24 text text NN 21781 3360 25 , , , 21781 3360 26 Section section NN 21781 3360 27 137 137 CD 21781 3360 28 . . . 21781 3361 1 The the DT 21781 3361 2 arrow arrow NN 21781 3361 3 indicates indicate VBZ 21781 3361 4 the the DT 21781 3361 5 changes change NNS 21781 3361 6 in in IN 21781 3361 7 position position NN 21781 3361 8 of of IN 21781 3361 9 the the DT 21781 3361 10 developing develop VBG 21781 3361 11 follicles follicle NNS 21781 3361 12 . . . 21781 3362 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3362 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3362 3 : : : 21781 3362 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3362 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3362 6 10 10 CD 21781 3362 7 . . . 21781 3362 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3363 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3363 2 11 11 CD 21781 3363 3 . . . 21781 3364 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3364 2 1 1 CD 21781 3364 3 . . . 21781 3365 1 General general JJ 21781 3365 2 dissection dissection NN 21781 3365 3 of of IN 21781 3365 4 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3365 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3365 6 male male NN 21781 3365 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3365 8 . . . 21781 3366 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3366 2 2 2 CD 21781 3366 3 . . . 21781 3367 1 The the DT 21781 3367 2 heart heart NN 21781 3367 3 and and CC 21781 3367 4 great great JJ 21781 3367 5 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3367 6 laid lay VBD 21781 3367 7 open open JJ 21781 3367 8 . . . 21781 3368 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3368 2 3 3 CD 21781 3368 3 . . . 21781 3369 1 The the DT 21781 3369 2 circulatory circulatory JJ 21781 3369 3 system system NN 21781 3369 4 from from IN 21781 3369 5 the the DT 21781 3369 6 side side NN 21781 3369 7 . . . 21781 3370 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3370 2 4 4 CD 21781 3370 3 . . . 21781 3371 1 Blood blood NN 21781 3371 2 . . . 21781 3372 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3372 2 n. n. NNP 21781 3372 3 , , , 21781 3372 4 nucleus nucleus NNP 21781 3372 5 . . . 21781 3372 6 } } -RRB- 21781 3373 1 r.c r.c NNP 21781 3373 2 . . NNP 21781 3373 3 , , , 21781 3373 4 red red JJ 21781 3373 5 corpuscle corpuscle NNP 21781 3373 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3373 7 oval oval RB 21781 3373 8 and and CC 21781 3373 9 nucleated nucleate VBD 21781 3373 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3373 11 . . . 21781 3374 1 w.c w.c NNP 21781 3374 2 . . NNP 21781 3374 3 , , , 21781 3374 4 white white JJ 21781 3374 5 corpuscle corpuscle NN 21781 3374 6 Small small JJ 21781 3374 7 figure figure NN 21781 3374 8 of of IN 21781 3374 9 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3374 10 in in IN 21781 3374 11 left left JJ 21781 3374 12 - - HYPH 21781 3374 13 hand hand NN 21781 3374 14 corner corner NN 21781 3374 15 is be VBZ 21781 3374 16 to to TO 21781 3374 17 show show VB 21781 3374 18 position position NN 21781 3374 19 of of IN 21781 3374 20 heel heel NN 21781 3374 21 , , , 21781 3374 22 h. h. NN 21781 3374 23 Reference Reference NNP 21781 3374 24 Letters Letters NNPS 21781 3374 25 . . . 21781 3375 1 all.b all.b NNP 21781 3375 2 . . . 21781 3375 3 , , , 21781 3375 4 allantoic allantoic NNP 21781 3375 5 bladder bladder NN 21781 3375 6 (= (= NNP 21781 3375 7 urinary urinary JJ 21781 3375 8 bladder bladder NN 21781 3375 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3375 10 . . . 21781 3376 1 c.ad c.ad NNP 21781 3376 2 . . . 21781 3376 3 , , , 21781 3376 4 corpus corpus NNP 21781 3376 5 adiposum adiposum NNP 21781 3376 6 . . . 21781 3377 1 cl.c cl.c NNP 21781 3377 2 . . NNP 21781 3377 3 , , , 21781 3377 4 cut cut VBN 21781 3377 5 end end NN 21781 3377 6 of of IN 21781 3377 7 the the DT 21781 3377 8 right right JJ 21781 3377 9 clavicle clavicle NN 21781 3377 10 . . . 21781 3378 1 d. d. NNP 21781 3378 2 , , , 21781 3378 3 duodenum duodenum NNP 21781 3378 4 . . . 21781 3379 1 g.b g.b NNP 21781 3379 2 . . NNP 21781 3379 3 , , , 21781 3379 4 gall gall NN 21781 3379 5 bladder bladder NN 21781 3379 6 . . . 21781 3380 1 il il NNP 21781 3380 2 . . NNP 21781 3380 3 , , , 21781 3380 4 ileum ileum NNP 21781 3380 5 . . . 21781 3381 1 k. k. NNP 21781 3381 2 , , , 21781 3381 3 kidney kidney NN 21781 3381 4 . . . 21781 3382 1 l.au l.au JJ 21781 3382 2 . . . 21781 3382 3 , , , 21781 3382 4 left leave VBD 21781 3382 5 auricle auricle NN 21781 3382 6 . . . 21781 3383 1 l.g l.g NNP 21781 3383 2 . . NNP 21781 3383 3 , , , 21781 3383 4 lung lung NNP 21781 3383 5 . . . 21781 3384 1 l.int l.int NNP 21781 3384 2 . . NNP 21781 3384 3 , , , 21781 3384 4 large large JJ 21781 3384 5 intestine intestine NN 21781 3384 6 . . . 21781 3385 1 l.s.v l.s.v NNP 21781 3385 2 . . NNP 21781 3385 3 , , , 21781 3385 4 longitudino longitudino JJ 21781 3385 5 - - JJ 21781 3385 6 spiral spiral JJ 21781 3385 7 valve valve NN 21781 3385 8 . . . 21781 3386 1 L.v L.v NNP 21781 3386 2 . . NNP 21781 3386 3 , , , 21781 3386 4 Liv Liv NNP 21781 3386 5 . . NNP 21781 3386 6 , , , 21781 3386 7 liver liver NN 21781 3386 8 . . . 21781 3387 1 pan pan NNP 21781 3387 2 . . NNP 21781 3387 3 , , , 21781 3387 4 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 3387 5 . . . 21781 3388 1 r.au r.au VBN 21781 3388 2 . . NNP 21781 3388 3 , , , 21781 3388 4 right right JJ 21781 3388 5 auricle auricle NN 21781 3388 6 . . . 21781 3389 1 sp sp NNP 21781 3389 2 . . NNP 21781 3389 3 , , , 21781 3389 4 spleen spleen NNP 21781 3389 5 . . . 21781 3390 1 st st NNP 21781 3390 2 . . NNP 21781 3390 3 , , , 21781 3390 4 stomach stomach NN 21781 3390 5 . . . 21781 3391 1 T. T. NNP 21781 3391 2 , , , 21781 3391 3 testis testis NNP 21781 3391 4 . . . 21781 3392 1 t.a t.a NNP 21781 3392 2 . . NNP 21781 3392 3 , , , 21781 3392 4 truncus truncus NNP 21781 3392 5 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 3392 6 . . . 21781 3393 1 ur ur NNP 21781 3393 2 . . NNP 21781 3393 3 , , , 21781 3393 4 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 3393 5 duct duct NN 21781 3393 6 . . . 21781 3394 1 v. v. NNP 21781 3394 2 , , , 21781 3394 3 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3394 4 of of IN 21781 3394 5 heart heart NN 21781 3394 6 . . . 21781 3395 1 Arteries artery NNS 21781 3395 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3395 3 white white JJ 21781 3395 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3395 5 . . . 21781 3396 1 ao ao NNP 21781 3396 2 . . NNP 21781 3396 3 , , , 21781 3396 4 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3396 5 . . . 21781 3397 1 c.a c.a NNP 21781 3397 2 . . NNP 21781 3397 3 , , , 21781 3397 4 carotid carotid NNP 21781 3397 5 arch arch NNP 21781 3397 6 . . . 21781 3398 1 c.g c.g NNP 21781 3398 2 . . . 21781 3399 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3399 2 c.gl c.gl NNS 21781 3399 3 . . . 21781 3400 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3400 2 , , , 21781 3400 3 carotid carotid NNP 21781 3400 4 gland gland NNP 21781 3400 5 . . . 21781 3401 1 coe coe NNP 21781 3401 2 . . . 21781 3401 3 , , , 21781 3401 4 coeliac coeliac NNP 21781 3401 5 . . . 21781 3402 1 cu cu NNP 21781 3402 2 . . NNP 21781 3402 3 , , , 21781 3402 4 -and -and : 21781 3402 5 pa pa NNP 21781 3402 6 . . . 21781 3402 7 ",- ",- '' 21781 3402 8 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 3402 9 . . . 21781 3403 1 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 3403 2 . . . 21781 3403 3 , , , 21781 3403 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3403 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3403 6 . . . 21781 3404 1 e.c e.c NNP 21781 3404 2 . . NNP 21781 3404 3 , , , 21781 3404 4 lingual lingual JJ 21781 3404 5 artery artery NN 21781 3404 6 . . . 21781 3405 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3405 2 i.c i.c NNP 21781 3405 3 . . NNP 21781 3405 4 , , , 21781 3405 5 internal internal JJ 21781 3405 6 carotid carotid NNS 21781 3405 7 . . . 21781 3405 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3406 1 l.a.a l.a.a NNP 21781 3406 2 . . NNP 21781 3406 3 , , , 21781 3406 4 left leave VBD 21781 3406 5 aortic aortic NN 21781 3406 6 arch arch NN 21781 3406 7 . . . 21781 3407 1 pa pa NNP 21781 3407 2 . . NNP 21781 3407 3 , , , 21781 3407 4 and and CC 21781 3407 5 p. p. NN 21781 3407 6 , , , 21781 3407 7 pulmonary pulmonary NN 21781 3407 8 . . . 21781 3408 1 p.c p.c NNP 21781 3408 2 . . . 21781 3409 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3409 2 p.cu p.cu NN 21781 3409 3 . . . 21781 3410 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3410 2 , , , 21781 3410 3 pulmo pulmo JJ 21781 3410 4 - - HYPH 21781 3410 5 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 3410 6 . . . 21781 3411 1 r.a.a r.a.a NNP 21781 3411 2 . . NNP 21781 3411 3 , , , 21781 3411 4 right right JJ 21781 3411 5 aortic aortic NN 21781 3411 6 arch arch NN 21781 3411 7 . . . 21781 3412 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3412 2 s.cl s.cl NNP 21781 3412 3 . . . 21781 3412 4 , , , 21781 3412 5 sub sub JJ 21781 3412 6 - - JJ 21781 3412 7 clavian clavian JJ 21781 3412 8 . . . 21781 3412 9 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3413 1 t.a t.a NNP 21781 3413 2 . . NNP 21781 3413 3 , , , 21781 3413 4 truncus truncus NNP 21781 3413 5 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 3413 6 . . . 21781 3414 1 Veins vein NNS 21781 3414 2 of of IN 21781 3414 3 the the DT 21781 3414 4 Caval Caval NNP 21781 3414 5 System System NNP 21781 3414 6 -(black)- -(black)- : 21781 3414 7 . . . 21781 3415 1 b.v b.v NNP 21781 3415 2 . . NNP 21781 3415 3 , , , 21781 3415 4 brachial brachial NNP 21781 3415 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3415 6 from from IN 21781 3415 7 fore fore NNP 21781 3415 8 limb limb NNP 21781 3415 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3415 10 . . . 21781 3416 1 e.j e.j NNP 21781 3416 2 . . NNP 21781 3416 3 , , , 21781 3416 4 external external JJ 21781 3416 5 jugular jugular NNP 21781 3416 6 . . . 21781 3417 1 h.v h.v NNP 21781 3417 2 . . NNP 21781 3417 3 , , , 21781 3417 4 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 3417 5 vein vein NN 21781 3417 6 . . . 21781 3418 1 i.j i.j NNP 21781 3418 2 . . NNP 21781 3418 3 , , , 21781 3418 4 internal internal JJ 21781 3418 5 jugular jugular NNP 21781 3418 6 . . . 21781 3419 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3419 2 in.v in.v NNP 21781 3419 3 . . . 21781 3419 4 , , , 21781 3419 5 innominate innominate JJ 21781 3419 6 vein vein NNP 21781 3419 7 . . . 21781 3419 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3420 1 l.v.c.s l.v.c.s NNP 21781 3420 2 . . NNP 21781 3420 3 , , , 21781 3420 4 left leave VBD 21781 3420 5 vena vena NNP 21781 3420 6 cava cava NNP 21781 3420 7 superior superior NNP 21781 3420 8 . . . 21781 3421 1 p.v p.v NNP 21781 3421 2 . . NNP 21781 3421 3 , , , 21781 3421 4 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 3421 5 vein vein NN 21781 3421 6 . . . 21781 3422 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3422 2 s.cl.v s.cl.v NNP 21781 3422 3 . . . 21781 3422 4 , , , 21781 3422 5 sub sub JJ 21781 3422 6 - - JJ 21781 3422 7 clavian clavian JJ 21781 3422 8 vein vein NN 21781 3422 9 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3422 10 s.s.r s.s.r NNP 21781 3422 11 . . NNP 21781 3422 12 , , , 21781 3422 13 sub sub JJ 21781 3422 14 - - JJ 21781 3422 15 scapular scapular JJ 21781 3422 16 vein vein NN 21781 3422 17 . . . 21781 3423 1 v.c.i v.c.i NNP 21781 3423 2 . . NNP 21781 3423 3 , , , 21781 3423 4 vena vena NNP 21781 3423 5 cava cava NNP 21781 3423 6 inferior inferior NNP 21781 3423 7 . . . 21781 3424 1 Veins vein NNS 21781 3424 2 of of IN 21781 3424 3 the the DT 21781 3424 4 Portal Portal NNP 21781 3424 5 and and CC 21781 3424 6 Renal Renal NNP 21781 3424 7 Portal Portal NNP 21781 3424 8 Systems Systems NNPS 21781 3424 9 -(shaded)- -(shaded)- NN 21781 3424 10 . . . 21781 3425 1 a.ad a.ad NNP 21781 3425 2 . . . 21781 3425 3 , , , 21781 3425 4 and and CC 21781 3425 5 a.ab.v a.ab.v NNP 21781 3425 6 . . NNP 21781 3425 7 , , , 21781 3425 8 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3425 9 abdominal abdominal NNP 21781 3425 10 vein vein NNP 21781 3425 11 . . . 21781 3426 1 b.v b.v NNP 21781 3426 2 . . NNP 21781 3426 3 , , , 21781 3426 4 and and CC 21781 3426 5 p.v p.v NNP 21781 3426 6 . . NNP 21781 3426 7 , , , 21781 3426 8 united united NNP 21781 3426 9 are be VBP 21781 3426 10 called call VBN 21781 3426 11 the the DT 21781 3426 12 sub sub JJ 21781 3426 13 - - JJ 21781 3426 14 clavian clavian JJ 21781 3426 15 vein vein NN 21781 3426 16 . . . 21781 3427 1 l.fm l.fm NNP 21781 3427 2 . . . 21781 3427 3 , , , 21781 3427 4 left leave VBN 21781 3427 5 femoral femoral JJ 21781 3427 6 . . . 21781 3428 1 l.p l.p NNP 21781 3428 2 . . NNP 21781 3428 3 , , , 21781 3428 4 left leave VBD 21781 3428 5 pelvic pelvic NNP 21781 3428 6 . . . 21781 3429 1 l.r.p l.r.p NNP 21781 3429 2 . . NNP 21781 3429 3 , , , 21781 3429 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3429 5 and and CC 21781 3429 6 r.p r.p NNP 21781 3429 7 . . . 21781 3429 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3430 1 left leave VBD 21781 3430 2 renal renal JJ 21781 3430 3 portal portal NNP 21781 3430 4 . . . 21781 3431 1 l.sc l.sc NNP 21781 3431 2 . . . 21781 3431 3 , , , 21781 3431 4 left leave VBN 21781 3431 5 sciatic sciatic JJ 21781 3431 6 . . . 21781 3432 1 p.v p.v NNP 21781 3432 2 . . NNP 21781 3432 3 , , , 21781 3432 4 portal portal NNP 21781 3432 5 vein vein NNP 21781 3432 6 . . . 21781 3433 1 -(The -(The : 21781 3433 2 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3433 3 abdominal abdominal NNP 21781 3433 4 is be VBZ 21781 3433 5 coloured colour VBN 21781 3433 6 black black NN 21781 3433 7 in in IN 21781 3433 8 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3433 9 1 1 CD 21781 3433 10 . . . 21781 3434 1 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3434 2 - - : 21781 3434 3 The the DT 21781 3434 4 cutaneous cutaneous JJ 21781 3434 5 artery artery NN 21781 3434 6 in in IN 21781 3434 7 the the DT 21781 3434 8 above above JJ 21781 3434 9 figures figure NNS 21781 3434 10 is be VBZ 21781 3434 11 turned turn VBN 21781 3434 12 back back RB 21781 3434 13 . . . 21781 3435 1 In in IN 21781 3435 2 dissection dissection NN 21781 3435 3 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3435 4 will will MD 21781 3435 5 be be VB 21781 3435 6 found find VBN 21781 3435 7 to to TO 21781 3435 8 lie lie VB 21781 3435 9 over over RB 21781 3435 10 and and CC 21781 3435 11 hide hide VB 21781 3435 12 the the DT 21781 3435 13 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3435 14 - - HYPH 21781 3435 15 ward ward NN 21781 3435 16 sweep sweep NN 21781 3435 17 of of IN 21781 3435 18 the the DT 21781 3435 19 aortic aortic NN 21781 3435 20 arch arch NN 21781 3435 21 . . . 21781 3436 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3436 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3436 3 : : : 21781 3436 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3436 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3436 6 11 11 CD 21781 3436 7 . . . 21781 3436 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3437 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3437 2 12 12 CD 21781 3437 3 . . . 21781 3438 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3438 2 1 1 CD 21781 3438 3 . . . 21781 3439 1 Upper upper JJ 21781 3439 2 view view NN 21781 3439 3 of of IN 21781 3439 4 the the DT 21781 3439 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3439 6 's 's POS 21781 3439 7 brain brain NN 21781 3439 8 . . . 21781 3440 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3440 2 2 2 CD 21781 3440 3 . . . 21781 3441 1 Under under IN 21781 3441 2 view view NN 21781 3441 3 of of IN 21781 3441 4 the the DT 21781 3441 5 same same JJ 21781 3441 6 . . . 21781 3442 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3442 2 3 3 CD 21781 3442 3 . . . 21781 3443 1 The the DT 21781 3443 2 same-- same-- JJ 21781 3443 3 median median JJ 21781 3443 4 section section NN 21781 3443 5 . . . 21781 3444 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3444 2 4 4 CD 21781 3444 3 . . . 21781 3445 1 The the DT 21781 3445 2 distribution distribution NN 21781 3445 3 of of IN 21781 3445 4 the the DT 21781 3445 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3445 6 's 's POS 21781 3445 7 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3445 8 . . . 21781 3446 1 Compare compare VB 21781 3446 2 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3446 3 9 9 CD 21781 3446 4 , , , 21781 3446 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3446 6 III III NNP 21781 3446 7 . . . 21781 3447 1 The the DT 21781 3447 2 shaded shaded JJ 21781 3447 3 part part NN 21781 3447 4 in in IN 21781 3447 5 4 4 CD 21781 3447 6 is be VBZ 21781 3447 7 the the DT 21781 3447 8 -otic -otic JJ 21781 3447 9 capsule- capsule- NN 21781 3447 10 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3447 11 tympanum tympanum NN 21781 3447 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3447 13 . . . 21781 3448 1 The the DT 21781 3448 2 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 3448 3 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 3448 4 is be VBZ 21781 3448 5 roughly roughly RB 21781 3448 6 represented represent VBN 21781 3448 7 in in IN 21781 3448 8 black black NN 21781 3448 9 to to TO 21781 3448 10 show show VB 21781 3448 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3448 12 relation relation NN 21781 3448 13 to to IN 21781 3448 14 IX IX NNP 21781 3448 15 . . . 21781 3449 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3449 2 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3449 3 to to IN 21781 3449 4 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3449 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3449 6 and and CC 21781 3449 7 sp sp NNP 21781 3449 8 . . . 21781 3450 1 1 1 LS 21781 3450 2 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3450 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3450 4 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3450 5 . . . 21781 3451 1 Compare compare VB 21781 3451 2 { { -LRB- 21781 3451 3 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3451 4 } } -RRB- 21781 3451 5 IX ix NN 21781 3451 6 and and CC 21781 3451 7 XII XII NNP 21781 3451 8 in in IN 21781 3451 9 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3451 10 9 9 CD 21781 3451 11 . . . 21781 3452 1 The the DT 21781 3452 2 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3452 3 are be VBP 21781 3452 4 numbered number VBN 21781 3452 5 . . . 21781 3453 1 cb cb NNP 21781 3453 2 . . NNP 21781 3453 3 , , , 21781 3453 4 the the DT 21781 3453 5 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 3453 6 . . . 21781 3454 1 c.h c.h NNP 21781 3454 2 . . NNP 21781 3454 3 , , , 21781 3454 4 cerebral cerebral JJ 21781 3454 5 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 21781 3454 6 . . . 21781 3455 1 f.t f.t NNP 21781 3455 2 . . NNP 21781 3455 3 , , , 21781 3455 4 filum filum NN 21781 3455 5 terminale terminale NN 21781 3455 6 . . . 21781 3456 1 g.tr g.tr NNP 21781 3456 2 . . NNP 21781 3456 3 , , , 21781 3456 4 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 3456 5 on on IN 21781 3456 6 the the DT 21781 3456 7 fifth fifth JJ 21781 3456 8 nerve nerve NN 21781 3456 9 . . . 21781 3457 1 l.t l.t NNP 21781 3457 2 . . NNP 21781 3457 3 , , , 21781 3457 4 lamina lamina NNP 21781 3457 5 terminalis terminalis NNP 21781 3457 6 . . . 21781 3458 1 mb mb NNP 21781 3458 2 . . NNP 21781 3458 3 , , , 21781 3458 4 mid mid NN 21781 3458 5 - - NN 21781 3458 6 brain brain NN 21781 3458 7 . . . 21781 3459 1 md md NNP 21781 3459 2 . . NNP 21781 3459 3 , , , 21781 3459 4 medulla medulla NNP 21781 3459 5 oblongata oblongata NNP 21781 3459 6 . . . 21781 3460 1 o.l o.l NNP 21781 3460 2 . . NNP 21781 3460 3 , , , 21781 3460 4 optic optic JJ 21781 3460 5 lobes lobe NNS 21781 3460 6 . . . 21781 3461 1 pin pin NNP 21781 3461 2 . . NNP 21781 3461 3 , , , 21781 3461 4 pineal pineal NNP 21781 3461 5 gland gland NN 21781 3461 6 . . . 21781 3462 1 pit pit NNP 21781 3462 2 . . NNP 21781 3462 3 , , , 21781 3462 4 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 3462 5 body body NN 21781 3462 6 . . . 21781 3463 1 r.h r.h NNP 21781 3463 2 . . NNP 21781 3463 3 , , , 21781 3463 4 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 3463 5 lobes lobe NNS 21781 3463 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3463 7 rhinencephalon rhinencephalon NN 21781 3463 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3463 9 . . . 21781 3464 1 th.c th.c NNP 21781 3464 2 . . NNP 21781 3464 3 , , , 21781 3464 4 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NNP 21781 3464 5 . . . 21781 3465 1 sp.1 sp.1 UH 21781 3465 2 , , , 21781 3465 3 first first JJ 21781 3465 4 spinal spinal JJ 21781 3465 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 3465 6 . . . 21781 3466 1 sp.2 sp.2 NNP 21781 3466 2 , , , 21781 3466 3 3 3 CD 21781 3466 4 , , , 21781 3466 5 brachial brachial JJ 21781 3466 6 plexus plexus NN 21781 3466 7 to to IN 21781 3466 8 fore fore NNP 21781 3466 9 limb limb NNP 21781 3466 10 . . . 21781 3467 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3467 2 5 5 CD 21781 3467 3 . . . 21781 3468 1 The the DT 21781 3468 2 spinal spinal JJ 21781 3468 3 column column NN 21781 3468 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3468 5 and and CC 21781 3468 6 pelvic pelvic NNP 21781 3468 7 girdle girdle NN 21781 3468 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3468 9 of of IN 21781 3468 10 the the DT 21781 3468 11 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3468 12 . . . 21781 3469 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3469 2 5b 5b NN 21781 3469 3 . . . 21781 3470 1 Vertebrae Vertebrae NNP 21781 3470 2 . . . 21781 3471 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3471 2 6 6 CD 21781 3471 3 . . . 21781 3472 1 The the DT 21781 3472 2 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 3472 3 girdle girdle NN 21781 3472 4 and and CC 21781 3472 5 limb limb NN 21781 3472 6 , , , 21781 3472 7 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3472 8 view view NN 21781 3472 9 . . . 21781 3473 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3473 2 7 7 CD 21781 3473 3 . . . 21781 3474 1 The the DT 21781 3474 2 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 3474 3 girdle girdle NN 21781 3474 4 and and CC 21781 3474 5 right right JJ 21781 3474 6 limb limb NN 21781 3474 7 from from IN 21781 3474 8 the the DT 21781 3474 9 side side NN 21781 3474 10 . . . 21781 3475 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3475 2 l.h l.h NNP 21781 3475 3 . . . 21781 3476 1 shows show VBZ 21781 3476 2 the the DT 21781 3476 3 position position NN 21781 3476 4 of of IN 21781 3476 5 the the DT 21781 3476 6 right right JJ 21781 3476 7 lymph lymph NN 21781 3476 8 hearts-- hearts-- NNP 21781 3476 9 they -PRON- PRP 21781 3476 10 are be VBP 21781 3476 11 paired pair VBN 21781 3476 12 . . . 21781 3476 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3477 1 as as IN 21781 3477 2 . . NNP 21781 3477 3 , , , 21781 3477 4 astragalus astragalus NNP 21781 3477 5 . . . 21781 3478 1 b. b. NNP 21781 3478 2 , , , 21781 3478 3 body body NN 21781 3478 4 . . . 21781 3479 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3479 2 , , , 21781 3479 3 calcar calcar NNP 21781 3479 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3479 5 ? ? . 21781 3479 6 = = NFP 21781 3479 7 a a DT 21781 3479 8 sixth sixth JJ 21781 3479 9 digit digit NN 21781 3479 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3479 11 . . . 21781 3480 1 cal cal NNP 21781 3480 2 . . NNP 21781 3480 3 , , , 21781 3480 4 calcaneum calcaneum NNP 21781 3480 5 . . . 21781 3481 1 cl cl NNP 21781 3481 2 . . NNP 21781 3481 3 , , , 21781 3481 4 clavicle clavicle NNP 21781 3481 5 overlying overlie VBG 21781 3481 6 a a DT 21781 3481 7 procoracoid procoracoid NN 21781 3481 8 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3481 9 . . . 21781 3482 1 co. co. NNP 21781 3482 2 , , , 21781 3482 3 coracoid coracoid NN 21781 3482 4 . . . 21781 3483 1 f. f. NNP 21781 3483 2 , , , 21781 3483 3 fibula fibula NNP 21781 3483 4 . . . 21781 3484 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3484 2 FE FE NNP 21781 3484 3 . . NNP 21781 3484 4 , , , 21781 3484 5 femur femur NN 21781 3484 6 . . . 21781 3484 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3485 1 h. h. NNP 21781 3485 2 , , , 21781 3485 3 humerus humerus NNP 21781 3485 4 . . . 21781 3486 1 il il NNP 21781 3486 2 . . NNP 21781 3486 3 , , , 21781 3486 4 ilium ilium NNP 21781 3486 5 . . . 21781 3487 1 is be VBZ 21781 3487 2 . . . 21781 3487 3 , , , 21781 3487 4 ischium ischium NN 21781 3487 5 . . . 21781 3488 1 o.st o.st NNP 21781 3488 2 . . . 21781 3488 3 , , , 21781 3488 4 omosternum omosternum JJ 21781 3488 5 . . . 21781 3489 1 pu pu NNP 21781 3489 2 . . NNP 21781 3489 3 , , , 21781 3489 4 pubis pubi VBD 21781 3489 5 . . . 21781 3490 1 r. r. NNP 21781 3490 2 , , , 21781 3490 3 radius radius NNP 21781 3490 4 . . . 21781 3491 1 sc sc NNP 21781 3491 2 . . NNP 21781 3491 3 , , , 21781 3491 4 scapula scapula NNP 21781 3491 5 . . . 21781 3492 1 s.sc s.sc NNP 21781 3492 2 . . . 21781 3492 3 , , , 21781 3492 4 supra supra NNP 21781 3492 5 - - HYPH 21781 3492 6 scapula scapula NNP 21781 3492 7 . . . 21781 3493 1 s.v s.v NNP 21781 3493 2 . . NNP 21781 3493 3 , , , 21781 3493 4 sacral sacral JJ 21781 3493 5 vertebra vertebra NN 21781 3493 6 . . . 21781 3494 1 t. t. NNP 21781 3494 2 , , , 21781 3494 3 tibia tibia NNP 21781 3494 4 . . . 21781 3495 1 t.p t.p NNP 21781 3495 2 . . NNP 21781 3495 3 , , , 21781 3495 4 transverse transverse JJ 21781 3495 5 process process NN 21781 3495 6 . . . 21781 3496 1 ul ul NNP 21781 3496 2 . . NNP 21781 3496 3 , , , 21781 3496 4 ulna ulna NNP 21781 3496 5 . . . 21781 3497 1 ur ur NNP 21781 3497 2 . . NNP 21781 3497 3 , , , 21781 3497 4 urostyle urostyle NNP 21781 3497 5 . . . 21781 3498 1 x. x. NNP 21781 3498 2 , , , 21781 3498 3 xiphisternum xiphisternum NNP 21781 3498 4 . . . 21781 3499 1 z. z. NNP 21781 3499 2 , , , 21781 3499 3 zygapophysis zygapophysis NNP 21781 3499 4 . . . 21781 3500 1 1 1 CD 21781 3500 2 , , , 21781 3500 3 2 2 CD 21781 3500 4 , , , 21781 3500 5 and and CC 21781 3500 6 etc etc FW 21781 3500 7 . . . 21781 3500 8 , , , 21781 3500 9 first first RB 21781 3500 10 , , , 21781 3500 11 second second JJ 21781 3500 12 , , , 21781 3500 13 and and CC 21781 3500 14 etc etc FW 21781 3500 15 . . . 21781 3500 16 , , , 21781 3500 17 digits digits NNP 21781 3500 18 . . . 21781 3501 1 D. D. NNP 21781 3501 2 and and CC 21781 3501 3 D D NNP 21781 3501 4 ' ' '' 21781 3501 5 . . . 21781 3502 1 are be VBP 21781 3502 2 simplified simplify VBN 21781 3502 3 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 3502 4 of of IN 21781 3502 5 the the DT 21781 3502 6 limbs limb NNS 21781 3502 7 for for IN 21781 3502 8 comparison comparison NN 21781 3502 9 with with IN 21781 3502 10 the the DT 21781 3502 11 similar similar JJ 21781 3502 12 ones one NNS 21781 3502 13 of of IN 21781 3502 14 the the DT 21781 3502 15 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3502 16 . . . 21781 3503 1 In in IN 21781 3503 2 each each DT 21781 3503 3 girdle girdle NN 21781 3503 4 we -PRON- PRP 21781 3503 5 have have VBP 21781 3503 6 a a DT 21781 3503 7 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3503 8 ossification ossification NN 21781 3503 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3503 10 scapula scapula NNP 21781 3503 11 , , , 21781 3503 12 ilium ilium JJ 21781 3503 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3503 14 and and CC 21781 3503 15 two two CD 21781 3503 16 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3503 17 parts part NNS 21781 3503 18 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3503 19 pubis pubi VBN 21781 3503 20 and and CC 21781 3503 21 procoracoid procoracoid JJ 21781 3503 22 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3503 23 , , , 21781 3503 24 ischium ischium NN 21781 3503 25 and and CC 21781 3503 26 coracoid coracoid NN 21781 3503 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3503 28 , , , 21781 3503 29 and and CC 21781 3503 30 at at IN 21781 3503 31 the the DT 21781 3503 32 meeting meeting NN 21781 3503 33 - - HYPH 21781 3503 34 place place NN 21781 3503 35 of of IN 21781 3503 36 the the DT 21781 3503 37 three three CD 21781 3503 38 in in IN 21781 3503 39 each each DT 21781 3503 40 case case NN 21781 3503 41 the the DT 21781 3503 42 proximal proximal JJ 21781 3503 43 bone bone NN 21781 3503 44 of of IN 21781 3503 45 the the DT 21781 3503 46 limb limb NNP 21781 3503 47 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3503 48 humerus humerus NNP 21781 3503 49 , , , 21781 3503 50 femur femur NNP 21781 3503 51 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3503 52 articulates articulate NNS 21781 3503 53 . . . 21781 3504 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3504 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3504 3 : : : 21781 3504 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3504 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3504 6 12 12 CD 21781 3504 7 . . . 21781 3504 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3505 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3505 2 13 13 CD 21781 3505 3 . . . 21781 3506 1 -Urogenital -Urogenital NFP 21781 3506 2 Organs Organs NNPS 21781 3506 3 of of IN 21781 3506 4 the the DT 21781 3506 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3506 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3506 7 . . . 21781 3507 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3507 2 1 1 CD 21781 3507 3 . . . 21781 3508 1 The the DT 21781 3508 2 Male Male NNP 21781 3508 3 . . . 21781 3509 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3509 2 2 2 CD 21781 3509 3 . . . 21781 3510 1 The the DT 21781 3510 2 Female Female NNP 21781 3510 3 . . . 21781 3511 1 The the DT 21781 3511 2 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 3511 3 removed remove VBN 21781 3511 4 on on IN 21781 3511 5 the the DT 21781 3511 6 animal animal NN 21781 3511 7 's 's POS 21781 3511 8 left left NN 21781 3511 9 , , , 21781 3511 10 and and CC 21781 3511 11 the the DT 21781 3511 12 ovary ovary JJ 21781 3511 13 on on IN 21781 3511 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3511 15 right right NN 21781 3511 16 . . . 21781 3512 1 Organs organ NNS 21781 3512 2 common common JJ 21781 3512 3 to to IN 21781 3512 4 both both DT 21781 3512 5 sexes.-- sexes.-- NNP 21781 3512 6 al.b al.b NN 21781 3512 7 . . . 21781 3512 8 , , , 21781 3512 9 allantoic allantoic NNP 21781 3512 10 bladder bladder NN 21781 3512 11 . . . 21781 3513 1 c.ad c.ad NNP 21781 3513 2 . . . 21781 3513 3 , , , 21781 3513 4 corpus corpus NNP 21781 3513 5 adiposum adiposum NNP 21781 3513 6 . . . 21781 3514 1 cl cl NNP 21781 3514 2 . . NNP 21781 3514 3 , , , 21781 3514 4 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 3514 5 . . . 21781 3515 1 int int NN 21781 3515 2 . . . 21781 3515 3 , , , 21781 3515 4 intestine intestine NN 21781 3515 5 . . . 21781 3516 1 K. K. NNP 21781 3516 2 , , , 21781 3516 3 kidney kidney NN 21781 3516 4 . . . 21781 3517 1 lg lg NNP 21781 3517 2 . . NNP 21781 3517 3 , , , 21781 3517 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3517 5 dotted dotted JJ 21781 3517 6 outline outline NN 21781 3517 7 of of IN 21781 3517 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3517 9 lung lung NN 21781 3517 10 . . . 21781 3518 1 oes oes NNP 21781 3518 2 . . NNP 21781 3518 3 , , , 21781 3518 4 oesophagus oesophagus NNP 21781 3518 5 . . . 21781 3519 1 r.p.v r.p.v NNP 21781 3519 2 . . NNP 21781 3519 3 , , , 21781 3519 4 renal renal JJ 21781 3519 5 portal portal NNP 21781 3519 6 vein vein NN 21781 3519 7 . . . 21781 3520 1 st st NNP 21781 3520 2 . . NNP 21781 3520 3 , , , 21781 3520 4 stomach stomach NN 21781 3520 5 . . . 21781 3521 1 In in IN 21781 3521 2 the the DT 21781 3521 3 Male.-- male.-- CD 21781 3521 4 T. t. NN 21781 3521 5 , , , 21781 3521 6 testis testis NNP 21781 3521 7 . . . 21781 3522 1 v.e v.e NNP 21781 3522 2 . . NNP 21781 3522 3 , , , 21781 3522 4 vasa vasa NNP 21781 3522 5 efferentia efferentia NNP 21781 3522 6 . . . 21781 3523 1 u.g.d u.g.d NNP 21781 3523 2 . . NNP 21781 3523 3 , , , 21781 3523 4 urogenital urogenital JJ 21781 3523 5 duct duct NN 21781 3523 6 . . . 21781 3524 1 p. p. NN 21781 3524 2 , , , 21781 3524 3 prostate prostate NNP 21781 3524 4 gland gland NNP 21781 3524 5 . . . 21781 3525 1 In in IN 21781 3525 2 the the DT 21781 3525 3 Female.-- Female.-- NNP 21781 3525 4 adr adr CC 21781 3525 5 . . NNP 21781 3525 6 , , , 21781 3525 7 adrenal adrenal NNP 21781 3525 8 . . . 21781 3526 1 f.t f.t NNP 21781 3526 2 . . NNP 21781 3526 3 , , , 21781 3526 4 fallopian fallopian JJ 21781 3526 5 tube tube NNP 21781 3526 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3526 7 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3526 8 part part NN 21781 3526 9 of of IN 21781 3526 10 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 3526 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3526 12 . . . 21781 3527 1 * * NFP 21781 3527 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3527 3 opening opening NN 21781 3527 4 . . . 21781 3528 1 o.d o.d NNP 21781 3528 2 . . NNP 21781 3528 3 , , , 21781 3528 4 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 3528 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3528 6 letters letter NNS 21781 3528 7 on on IN 21781 3528 8 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3528 9 the the DT 21781 3528 10 opening opening NN 21781 3528 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3528 12 -uterine -uterine NN 21781 3528 13 portion- portion- NN 21781 3528 14 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3528 15 . . . 21781 3529 1 ov ov IN 21781 3529 2 . . NNP 21781 3529 3 , , , 21781 3529 4 ovary ovary JJ 21781 3529 5 . . . 21781 3530 1 ur ur NNP 21781 3530 2 . . NNP 21781 3530 3 , , , 21781 3530 4 ureter ureter NNP 21781 3530 5 . . . 21781 3531 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3531 2 This this DT 21781 3531 3 would would MD 21781 3531 4 be be VB 21781 3531 5 the the DT 21781 3531 6 condition condition NN 21781 3531 7 about about IN 21781 3531 8 midwinter midwinter NN 21781 3531 9 . . . 21781 3531 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3532 1 In in IN 21781 3532 2 March March NNP 21781 3532 3 o.d o.d NNP 21781 3532 4 . . . 21781 3533 1 will will MD 21781 3533 2 be be VB 21781 3533 3 either either CC 21781 3533 4 enormously enormously RB 21781 3533 5 distended distend VBN 21781 3533 6 with with IN 21781 3533 7 eggs egg NNS 21781 3533 8 , , , 21781 3533 9 or or CC 21781 3533 10 large large JJ 21781 3533 11 , , , 21781 3533 12 flabby flabby NN 21781 3533 13 , , , 21781 3533 14 and and CC 21781 3533 15 empty empty JJ 21781 3533 16 , , , 21781 3533 17 and and CC 21781 3533 18 ov ov RB 21781 3533 19 . . . 21781 3534 1 will will MD 21781 3534 2 be be VB 21781 3534 3 small small JJ 21781 3534 4 and and CC 21781 3534 5 brownish brownish JJ 21781 3534 6 , , , 21781 3534 7 without without IN 21781 3534 8 any any DT 21781 3534 9 large large JJ 21781 3534 10 eggs egg NNS 21781 3534 11 ; ; : 21781 3534 12 the the DT 21781 3534 13 ovary ovary NN 21781 3534 14 gradually gradually RB 21781 3534 15 recovers recover VBZ 21781 3534 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3534 17 size size NN 21781 3534 18 through through IN 21781 3534 19 the the DT 21781 3534 20 summer summer NN 21781 3534 21 . . . 21781 3535 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3535 2 3 3 CD 21781 3535 3 . . . 21781 3536 1 Spermatozoa spermatozoon NNS 21781 3536 2 attached attach VBN 21781 3536 3 to to IN 21781 3536 4 the the DT 21781 3536 5 parent parent NN 21781 3536 6 cell cell NN 21781 3536 7 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3536 8 g.e g.e NNP 21781 3536 9 . . NNP 21781 3536 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3537 1 from from IN 21781 3537 2 the the DT 21781 3537 3 lining line VBG 21781 3537 4 epithelium epithelium NN 21781 3537 5 of of IN 21781 3537 6 the the DT 21781 3537 7 testis testis NN 21781 3537 8 , , , 21781 3537 9 and and CC 21781 3537 10 one one CD 21781 3537 11 free free JJ 21781 3537 12 . . . 21781 3538 1 fl fl NNP 21781 3538 2 . . NNP 21781 3538 3 , , , 21781 3538 4 the the DT 21781 3538 5 flagellum flagellum NN 21781 3538 6 . . . 21781 3539 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3539 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3539 3 : : : 21781 3539 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3539 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3539 6 13 13 CD 21781 3539 7 . . . 21781 3539 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3540 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3540 2 14 14 CD 21781 3540 3 -Skull -Skull NNP 21781 3540 4 Structure structure NN 21781 3540 5 and and CC 21781 3540 6 Development Development NNP 21781 3540 7 of of IN 21781 3540 8 the the DT 21781 3540 9 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3540 10 _ _ NNP 21781 3540 11 . . . 21781 3541 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3541 2 1 1 CD 21781 3541 3 . . . 21781 3542 1 I. I. NNP 21781 3542 2 , , , 21781 3542 3 II II NNP 21781 3542 4 . . NNP 21781 3542 5 , , , 21781 3542 6 early early JJ 21781 3542 7 and and CC 21781 3542 8 late late JJ 21781 3542 9 stages stage NNS 21781 3542 10 of of IN 21781 3542 11 the the DT 21781 3542 12 Tadpole Tadpole NNP 21781 3542 13 's 's POS 21781 3542 14 chindrocranium chindrocranium NN 21781 3542 15 . . . 21781 3543 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3543 2 . . . 21781 3544 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3544 2 2 2 CD 21781 3544 3 . . . 21781 3545 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3545 2 view view NN 21781 3545 3 of of IN 21781 3545 4 a a DT 21781 3545 5 young young JJ 21781 3545 6 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3545 7 's 's POS 21781 3545 8 cranium-- cranium-- VB 21781 3545 9 the the DT 21781 3545 10 membrane membrane NN 21781 3545 11 bones bone NNS 21781 3545 12 removed remove VBN 21781 3545 13 . . . 21781 3546 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3546 2 . . . 21781 3547 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3547 2 3 3 CD 21781 3547 3 and and CC 21781 3547 4 4 4 CD 21781 3547 5 . . . 21781 3548 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3548 2 and and CC 21781 3548 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3548 4 views view NNS 21781 3548 5 , , , 21781 3548 6 respectively respectively RB 21781 3548 7 , , , 21781 3548 8 of of IN 21781 3548 9 the the DT 21781 3548 10 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3548 11 's 's POS 21781 3548 12 skull-- skull-- NN 21781 3548 13 the the DT 21781 3548 14 lower low JJR 21781 3548 15 jaw jaw NN 21781 3548 16 removed remove VBN 21781 3548 17 . . . 21781 3549 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3549 2 5 5 CD 21781 3549 3 . . . 21781 3550 1 Side side JJ 21781 3550 2 view view NN 21781 3550 3 of of IN 21781 3550 4 the the DT 21781 3550 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3550 6 's 's POS 21781 3550 7 skull skull NN 21781 3550 8 . . . 21781 3551 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3551 2 6 6 CD 21781 3551 3 . . . 21781 3552 1 Median median JJ 21781 3552 2 section section NN 21781 3552 3 of of IN 21781 3552 4 the the DT 21781 3552 5 brain brain NN 21781 3552 6 case case NN 21781 3552 7 . . . 21781 3553 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3553 2 7 7 CD 21781 3553 3 . . . 21781 3554 1 The the DT 21781 3554 2 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 3554 3 apparatus apparatus NN 21781 3554 4 . . . 21781 3555 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3555 2 8 8 CD 21781 3555 3 . . . 21781 3556 1 I. I. NNP 21781 3556 2 , , , 21781 3556 3 II II NNP 21781 3556 4 . . NNP 21781 3556 5 , , , 21781 3556 6 III III NNP 21781 3556 7 . . NNP 21781 3556 8 , , , 21781 3556 9 progressive progressive JJ 21781 3556 10 stages stage NNS 21781 3556 11 of of IN 21781 3556 12 the the DT 21781 3556 13 Tadpole Tadpole NNP 21781 3556 14 's 's POS 21781 3556 15 skull skull NN 21781 3556 16 from from IN 21781 3556 17 the the DT 21781 3556 18 side side NN 21781 3556 19 . . . 21781 3557 1 After after IN 21781 3557 2 W. W. NNP 21781 3557 3 K. K. NNP 21781 3557 4 Parker Parker NNP 21781 3557 5 . . . 21781 3558 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3558 2 9 9 CD 21781 3558 3 . . . 21781 3559 1 F. F. NNP 21781 3559 2 , , , 21781 3559 3 side side NN 21781 3559 4 and and CC 21781 3559 5 hind hind VB 21781 3559 6 views view NNS 21781 3559 7 of of IN 21781 3559 8 the the DT 21781 3559 9 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3559 10 's 's POS 21781 3559 11 skull skull NN 21781 3559 12 . . . 21781 3560 1 D. D. NNP 21781 3560 2 , , , 21781 3560 3 the the DT 21781 3560 4 same same JJ 21781 3560 5 of of IN 21781 3560 6 the the DT 21781 3560 7 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3560 8 . . . 21781 3561 1 Roughly roughly RB 21781 3561 2 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3561 3 . . . 21781 3562 1 N.B.-- N.B.-- NNP 21781 3562 2 In in IN 21781 3562 3 all all DT 21781 3562 4 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3562 5 is be VBZ 21781 3562 6 dotted dot VBN 21781 3562 7 , , , 21781 3562 8 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3562 9 bone bone NN 21781 3562 10 cross cross JJ 21781 3562 11 - - JJ 21781 3562 12 barred barred JJ 21781 3562 13 , , , 21781 3562 14 and and CC 21781 3562 15 membrane membrane NN 21781 3562 16 bone bone NN 21781 3562 17 , , , 21781 3562 18 white white JJ 21781 3562 19 . . . 21781 3563 1 In in IN 21781 3563 2 Figure figure NN 21781 3563 3 4 4 CD 21781 3563 4 , , , 21781 3563 5 pt pt NNP 21781 3563 6 . . NNP 21781 3563 7 , , , 21781 3563 8 should should MD 21781 3563 9 be be VB 21781 3563 10 cross cross JJ 21781 3563 11 - - VBN 21781 3563 12 barred barred JJ 21781 3563 13 ; ; : 21781 3563 14 and and CC 21781 3563 15 in in IN 21781 3563 16 5 5 CD 21781 3563 17 , , , 21781 3563 18 th.h th.h CD 21781 3563 19 . . . 21781 3564 1 plain plain JJ 21781 3564 2 . . . 21781 3565 1 a.c a.c NNP 21781 3565 2 . . NNP 21781 3565 3 , , , 21781 3565 4 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3565 5 cornu cornu NNP 21781 3565 6 of of IN 21781 3565 7 hyoid hyoid NNP 21781 3565 8 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3565 9 (= (= NNP 21781 3565 10 CH CH NNP 21781 3565 11 . . . 21781 3565 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3565 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3566 1 -not -not : 21781 3566 2 lettered letter VBN 21781 3566 3 , , , 21781 3566 4 in in IN 21781 3566 5 { { -LRB- 21781 3566 6 Figure figure NN 21781 3566 7 } } -RRB- 21781 3566 8 5- 5- UH 21781 3566 9 . . . 21781 3567 1 a.o a.o NNP 21781 3567 2 . . NNP 21781 3567 3 , , , 21781 3567 4 antorbital antorbital JJ 21781 3567 5 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3567 6 . . . 21781 3568 1 ar ar NNP 21781 3568 2 . . NNP 21781 3568 3 , , , 21781 3568 4 angulo angulo JJ 21781 3568 5 - - HYPH 21781 3568 6 splenial splenial NN 21781 3568 7 -(On -(On : 21781 3568 8 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3568 9 Section Section NNP 21781 3568 10 34 34 CD 21781 3568 11 , , , 21781 3568 12 for for IN 21781 3568 13 Articulare Articulare NNP 21781 3568 14 read read VBD 21781 3568 15 -Angulo -Angulo : 21781 3568 16 - - HYPH 21781 3568 17 Splenial_)- splenial_)- NN 21781 3568 18 . . . 21781 3569 1 -b -b : 21781 3569 2 . . . 21781 3569 3 , , , 21781 3569 4 parachordal parachordal NN 21781 3569 5 part part NN 21781 3569 6 of of IN 21781 3569 7 brain brain NN 21781 3569 8 box- box- NN 21781 3569 9 . . . 21781 3570 1 b.c b.c NNP 21781 3570 2 . . NNP 21781 3570 3 , , , 21781 3570 4 brain brain NN 21781 3570 5 case case NN 21781 3570 6 . . . 21781 3571 1 b.h b.h NNP 21781 3571 2 . . NNP 21781 3571 3 , , , 21781 3571 4 body body NN 21781 3571 5 of of IN 21781 3571 6 hyoid hyoid NN 21781 3571 7 . . . 21781 3572 1 b.r b.r NNP 21781 3572 2 . . NNP 21781 3572 3 , , , 21781 3572 4 branchial branchial NNP 21781 3572 5 arches arch NNS 21781 3572 6 . . . 21781 3573 1 CH CH NNP 21781 3573 2 = = SYM 21781 3573 3 a.c a.c NNP 21781 3573 4 . . . 21781 3574 1 c.t c.t NNP 21781 3574 2 . . NNP 21781 3574 3 , , , 21781 3574 4 cornua cornua NNP 21781 3574 5 trabeculi trabeculi NNP 21781 3574 6 . . . 21781 3575 1 d. d. NNP 21781 3575 2 , , , 21781 3575 3 dentary dentary NNP 21781 3575 4 . . . 21781 3576 1 e. e. NNP 21781 3576 2 , , , 21781 3576 3 eye eye NN 21781 3576 4 . . . 21781 3577 1 E.N. E.N. NNP 21781 3577 2 , , , 21781 3577 3 external external JJ 21781 3577 4 nares naris NNS 21781 3577 5 . . . 21781 3578 1 e.o e.o NNP 21781 3578 2 . . NNP 21781 3578 3 , , , 21781 3578 4 exoccipital exoccipital JJ 21781 3578 5 bone bone NN 21781 3578 6 . . . 21781 3579 1 f. f. NNP 21781 3579 2 , , , 21781 3579 3 fenestra fenestra NNP 21781 3579 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3579 5 membranous membranous JJ 21781 3579 6 part part NN 21781 3579 7 of of IN 21781 3579 8 cranial cranial JJ 21781 3579 9 wall wall NN 21781 3579 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3579 11 . . . 21781 3580 1 -f.p -f.p : 21781 3580 2 . . NNP 21781 3580 3 , , , 21781 3580 4 fronto fronto NNP 21781 3580 5 - - HYPH 21781 3580 6 parietal.- parietal.- NNP 21781 3580 7 h.m h.m NNP 21781 3580 8 . . NNP 21781 3580 9 , , , 21781 3580 10 hyomandibular hyomandibular NNP 21781 3580 11 cleft cleave VBD 21781 3580 12 = = SYM 21781 3580 13 Eustachian eustachian JJ 21781 3580 14 tube tube NN 21781 3580 15 and and CC 21781 3580 16 ear ear NN 21781 3580 17 drum drum VB 21781 3580 18 . . . 21781 3581 1 mb mb NNP 21781 3581 2 . . NNP 21781 3581 3 , , , 21781 3581 4 mandible mandible JJ 21781 3581 5 . . . 21781 3582 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3582 2 M.C. M.C. NNP 21781 3582 3 , , , 21781 3582 4 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 3582 5 's 's POS 21781 3582 6 Cartilage Cartilage NNP 21781 3582 7 . . . 21781 3582 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3583 1 m.mk m.mk NNP 21781 3583 2 . . . 21781 3583 3 , , , 21781 3583 4 mento mento JJ 21781 3583 5 - - HYPH 21781 3583 6 Meckelian meckelian JJ 21781 3583 7 bone bone NN 21781 3583 8 . . . 21781 3584 1 m.p m.p NNP 21781 3584 2 . . NNP 21781 3584 3 , , , 21781 3584 4 mouth mouth NN 21781 3584 5 passage passage NN 21781 3584 6 . . . 21781 3585 1 mx mx NNP 21781 3585 2 . . NNP 21781 3585 3 , , , 21781 3585 4 maxilla maxilla NNP 21781 3585 5 . . . 21781 3586 1 n.c n.c NNP 21781 3586 2 . . NNP 21781 3586 3 , , , 21781 3586 4 notochord notochord NN 21781 3586 5 . . . 21781 3587 1 n.o n.o NNP 21781 3587 2 . . NNP 21781 3587 3 , , , 21781 3587 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 3587 5 organ organ NNP 21781 3587 6 . . . 21781 3588 1 n.p n.p NNP 21781 3588 2 . . NNP 21781 3588 3 , , , 21781 3588 4 nasal nasal NN 21781 3588 5 passage passage NN 21781 3588 6 . . . 21781 3589 1 ot ot IN 21781 3589 2 . . NNP 21781 3589 3 , , , 21781 3589 4 or or CC 21781 3589 5 o.c o.c NNP 21781 3589 6 . . NNP 21781 3589 7 , , , 21781 3589 8 otic otic NNP 21781 3589 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3589 10 auditory auditory JJ 21781 3589 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3589 12 capsule capsule NN 21781 3589 13 . . . 21781 3590 1 pal pal NNP 21781 3590 2 . . NNP 21781 3590 3 , , , 21781 3590 4 palatine palatine NNP 21781 3590 5 bone bone NN 21781 3590 6 . . . 21781 3591 1 PAL PAL NNP 21781 3591 2 . . NNP 21781 3591 3 , , , 21781 3591 4 hard hard JJ 21781 3591 5 palate palate NN 21781 3591 6 of of IN 21781 3591 7 Mammal Mammal NNP 21781 3591 8 . . . 21781 3592 1 p.c p.c NNP 21781 3592 2 . . NNP 21781 3592 3 , , , 21781 3592 4 parachordal parachordal NN 21781 3592 5 . . . 21781 3593 1 p.f p.f NNP 21781 3593 2 . . NNP 21781 3593 3 , , , 21781 3593 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3593 5 parieto parieto NN 21781 3593 6 - - HYPH 21781 3593 7 frontal frontal JJ 21781 3593 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3593 9 -see -see NNP 21781 3593 10 f.p.- f.p.- CD 21781 3593 11 p.m. p.m. NN 21781 3593 12 , , , 21781 3593 13 premaxilla premaxilla NN 21781 3593 14 . . . 21781 3594 1 P.N. P.N. NNP 21781 3594 2 , , , 21781 3594 3 internal internal JJ 21781 3594 4 nares naris NNS 21781 3594 5 . . . 21781 3595 1 p.o p.o NNP 21781 3595 2 . . NNP 21781 3595 3 , , , 21781 3595 4 prootic prootic JJ 21781 3595 5 bone bone NN 21781 3595 6 . . . 21781 3596 1 p.p p.p NNP 21781 3596 2 . . NNP 21781 3596 3 , , , 21781 3596 4 palato palato JJ 21781 3596 5 - - HYPH 21781 3596 6 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 3596 7 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3596 8 . . . 21781 3597 1 psph psph NNP 21781 3597 2 . . NNP 21781 3597 3 , , , 21781 3597 4 parasphenoid parasphenoid NN 21781 3597 5 bone bone NN 21781 3597 6 . . . 21781 3598 1 pt pt NNP 21781 3598 2 . . NNP 21781 3598 3 , , , 21781 3598 4 pterygoid pterygoid NNP 21781 3598 5 bone bone NN 21781 3598 6 . . . 21781 3599 1 q. q. NNP 21781 3599 2 , , , 21781 3599 3 quadrate quadrate NNP 21781 3599 4 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3599 5 . . . 21781 3600 1 q.j q.j NNP 21781 3600 2 . . NNP 21781 3600 3 , , , 21781 3600 4 quadrato quadrato NNP 21781 3600 5 - - HYPH 21781 3600 6 jugal jugal NNP 21781 3600 7 . . . 21781 3601 1 s.e s.e NNP 21781 3601 2 . . NNP 21781 3601 3 , , , 21781 3601 4 sphenethmoid sphenethmoid NN 21781 3601 5 bone bone NN 21781 3601 6 . . . 21781 3602 1 sq sq NNP 21781 3602 2 . . NNP 21781 3602 3 , , , 21781 3602 4 squamosal squamosal NNP 21781 3602 5 . . . 21781 3603 1 t. t. NNP 21781 3603 2 , , , 21781 3603 3 trabecular trabecular JJ 21781 3603 4 part part NN 21781 3603 5 of of IN 21781 3603 6 brain brain NN 21781 3603 7 box box NN 21781 3603 8 . . . 21781 3604 1 t.c t.c NNP 21781 3604 2 . . NNP 21781 3604 3 , , , 21781 3604 4 trabecula trabecula NNP 21781 3604 5 . . . 21781 3605 1 th.h th.h NNP 21781 3605 2 . . NNP 21781 3605 3 , , , 21781 3605 4 thyrohyal thyrohyal NNP 21781 3605 5 . . . 21781 3606 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3606 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3606 3 : : : 21781 3606 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3606 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3606 6 14 14 CD 21781 3606 7 . . . 21781 3606 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3607 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3607 2 15 15 CD 21781 3607 3 Figure figure NN 21781 3607 4 1 1 CD 21781 3607 5 . . . 21781 3608 1 Dissection dissection NN 21781 3608 2 of of IN 21781 3608 3 -Male- -Male- NNS 21781 3608 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3608 5 Female Female NNP 21781 3608 6 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3608 7 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3608 8 - - HYPH 21781 3608 9 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3608 10 to to TO 21781 3608 11 show show VB 21781 3608 12 alimentary alimentary JJ 21781 3608 13 canal canal NN 21781 3608 14 , , , 21781 3608 15 the the DT 21781 3608 16 pericardium pericardium NN 21781 3608 17 also also RB 21781 3608 18 being be VBG 21781 3608 19 opened open VBN 21781 3608 20 and and CC 21781 3608 21 the the DT 21781 3608 22 cloaca cloaca NN 21781 3608 23 slit slit VBN 21781 3608 24 up up RP 21781 3608 25 . . . 21781 3609 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3609 2 Above above RB 21781 3609 3 is be VBZ 21781 3609 4 also also RB 21781 3609 5 seen see VBN 21781 3609 6 the the DT 21781 3609 7 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3609 8 view view NN 21781 3609 9 of of IN 21781 3609 10 the the DT 21781 3609 11 head head NN 21781 3609 12 . . . 21781 3609 13 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3610 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3610 2 2 2 CD 21781 3610 3 . . . 21781 3611 1 The the DT 21781 3611 2 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 3611 3 girdle girdle NN 21781 3611 4 and and CC 21781 3611 5 fin fin NNP 21781 3611 6 skeleton skeleton NNP 21781 3611 7 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3611 8 of of IN 21781 3611 9 a a DT 21781 3611 10 male male NN 21781 3611 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3611 12 . . . 21781 3612 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3612 2 No no DT 21781 3612 3 Figure figure NN 21781 3612 4 3 3 CD 21781 3612 5 , , , 21781 3612 6 in in IN 21781 3612 7 First First NNP 21781 3612 8 Edition Edition NNP 21781 3612 9 . . . 21781 3612 10 } } -RRB- 21781 3613 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3613 2 4 4 CD 21781 3613 3 . . . 21781 3614 1 The the DT 21781 3614 2 spiral spiral JJ 21781 3614 3 valve valve NN 21781 3614 4 in in IN 21781 3614 5 the the DT 21781 3614 6 colon colon NN 21781 3614 7 . . . 21781 3615 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3615 2 Figure figure NN 21781 3615 3 3 3 CD 21781 3615 4 , , , 21781 3615 5 in in IN 21781 3615 6 Second Second NNP 21781 3615 7 Edition Edition NNP 21781 3615 8 . . . 21781 3615 9 } } -RRB- 21781 3616 1 a.p a.p NNP 21781 3616 2 . . NNP 21781 3616 3 , , , 21781 3616 4 abdominal abdominal JJ 21781 3616 5 pore pore NNP 21781 3616 6 . . . 21781 3617 1 aur aur NNP 21781 3617 2 . . NNP 21781 3617 3 , , , 21781 3617 4 -auricle- -auricle- NFP 21781 3617 5 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3617 6 atrium atrium NN 21781 3617 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3617 8 of of IN 21781 3617 9 heart heart NN 21781 3617 10 . . . 21781 3618 1 b.d b.d NNP 21781 3618 2 . . NNP 21781 3618 3 , , , 21781 3618 4 bile bile NN 21781 3618 5 duct duct NN 21781 3618 6 . . . 21781 3619 1 b.pt b.pt NNP 21781 3619 2 . . . 21781 3619 3 , , , 21781 3619 4 basi basi NN 21781 3619 5 - - HYPH 21781 3619 6 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 3619 7 . . . 21781 3620 1 -cl -cl : 21781 3620 2 . . NNP 21781 3620 3 , , , 21781 3620 4 clasper.- clasper.- NNP 21781 3620 5 cl.c cl.c NNP 21781 3620 6 . . NNP 21781 3620 7 , , , 21781 3620 8 -its- -its- NFP 21781 3620 9 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3620 10 the the DT 21781 3620 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3620 12 supporting support VBG 21781 3620 13 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3620 14 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3620 15 of of IN 21781 3620 16 the the DT 21781 3620 17 clasper clasper NN 21781 3620 18 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3620 19 . . . 21781 3621 1 co. co. NNP 21781 3621 2 , , , 21781 3621 3 colon colon NN 21781 3621 4 . . . 21781 3622 1 d'dnm d'dnm UH 21781 3622 2 . . NNP 21781 3622 3 , , , 21781 3622 4 duodenum duodenum NNP 21781 3622 5 . . . 21781 3623 1 e. e. NNP 21781 3623 2 , , , 21781 3623 3 the the DT 21781 3623 4 eye eye NN 21781 3623 5 . . . 21781 3624 1 g.bl g.bl NNP 21781 3624 2 . . NNP 21781 3624 3 , , , 21781 3624 4 gall gall NN 21781 3624 5 bladder bladder NN 21781 3624 6 . . . 21781 3625 1 g.s g.s NNP 21781 3625 2 . . NNP 21781 3625 3 , , , 21781 3625 4 gill gill NNP 21781 3625 5 slits slit NNS 21781 3625 6 . . . 21781 3626 1 L.Lv L.Lv NNP 21781 3626 2 . . . 21781 3626 3 , , , 21781 3626 4 left left JJ 21781 3626 5 lobe lobe NN 21781 3626 6 of of IN 21781 3626 7 liver liver NN 21781 3626 8 . . . 21781 3627 1 M.Lv M.Lv NNP 21781 3627 2 . . NNP 21781 3627 3 , , , 21781 3627 4 middle middle JJ 21781 3627 5 lobe lobe NNP 21781 3627 6 of of IN 21781 3627 7 liver liver NN 21781 3627 8 . . . 21781 3628 1 olf olf NNP 21781 3628 2 . . NNP 21781 3628 3 , , , 21781 3628 4 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 3628 5 opening opening NN 21781 3628 6 . . . 21781 3629 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3629 2 pan pan NNP 21781 3629 3 . . NNP 21781 3629 4 , , , 21781 3629 5 pancreas pancrea NNS 21781 3629 6 . . . 21781 3629 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3630 1 pcd pcd NNP 21781 3630 2 . . NNP 21781 3630 3 , , , 21781 3630 4 pericardial pericardial JJ 21781 3630 5 wall wall NN 21781 3630 6 . . . 21781 3631 1 pel.g pel.g UH 21781 3631 2 . . . 21781 3631 3 , , , 21781 3631 4 the the DT 21781 3631 5 pelvic pelvic JJ 21781 3631 6 girdle girdle NNP 21781 3631 7 . . . 21781 3632 1 p.p p.p NNP 21781 3632 2 . . NNP 21781 3632 3 , , , 21781 3632 4 arrow arrow VBP 21781 3632 5 through through IN 21781 3632 6 pericardio pericardio NN 21781 3632 7 - - HYPH 21781 3632 8 peritoneal peritoneal NN 21781 3632 9 canal canal NN 21781 3632 10 . . . 21781 3633 1 r.g r.g NNP 21781 3633 2 . . NNP 21781 3633 3 , , , 21781 3633 4 rectal rectal NNP 21781 3633 5 gland gland NNP 21781 3633 6 . . . 21781 3634 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3634 2 R.Liv R.Liv NNP 21781 3634 3 . . NNP 21781 3634 4 , , , 21781 3634 5 right right JJ 21781 3634 6 lobe lobe NNP 21781 3634 7 . . . 21781 3634 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3635 1 sp sp NNP 21781 3635 2 . . NNP 21781 3635 3 , , , 21781 3635 4 spiracle spiracle NNP 21781 3635 5 . . . 21781 3636 1 spl spl NNP 21781 3636 2 . . NNP 21781 3636 3 , , , 21781 3636 4 spleen spleen NNP 21781 3636 5 . . . 21781 3637 1 st st NNP 21781 3637 2 . . NNP 21781 3637 3 , , , 21781 3637 4 the the DT 21781 3637 5 stomach stomach NN 21781 3637 6 . . . 21781 3638 1 s.v s.v NNP 21781 3638 2 . . NNP 21781 3638 3 , , , 21781 3638 4 sinus sinus NN 21781 3638 5 venosus venosus NNP 21781 3638 6 . . . 21781 3639 1 u.g.p u.g.p NNP 21781 3639 2 . . NNP 21781 3639 3 , , , 21781 3639 4 uro uro NNP 21781 3639 5 - - HYPH 21781 3639 6 genital genital JJ 21781 3639 7 pore pore NN 21781 3639 8 . . . 21781 3640 1 v. v. NNP 21781 3640 2 , , , 21781 3640 3 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3640 4 . . . 21781 3641 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3641 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3641 3 : : : 21781 3641 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3641 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3641 6 15 15 CD 21781 3641 7 . . . 21781 3641 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3642 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3642 2 16 16 CD 21781 3642 3 . . . 21781 3643 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3643 2 1 1 CD 21781 3643 3 . . . 21781 3644 1 Circulation circulation NN 21781 3644 2 of of IN 21781 3644 3 the the DT 21781 3644 4 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3644 5 - - HYPH 21781 3644 6 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3644 7 . . . 21781 3645 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3645 2 2 2 CD 21781 3645 3 . . . 21781 3646 1 Simplified simplify VBN 21781 3646 2 and and CC 21781 3646 3 more more JJR 21781 3646 4 typical typical JJ 21781 3646 5 fish fish NN 21781 3646 6 circulation circulation NN 21781 3646 7 , , , 21781 3646 8 in in IN 21781 3646 9 which which WDT 21781 3646 10 the the DT 21781 3646 11 posterior posterior NN 21781 3646 12 cardinals cardinal NNS 21781 3646 13 have have VBP 21781 3646 14 not not RB 21781 3646 15 coalesced coalesce VBN 21781 3646 16 in in IN 21781 3646 17 the the DT 21781 3646 18 median median JJ 21781 3646 19 line line NN 21781 3646 20 . . . 21781 3647 1 The the DT 21781 3647 2 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 3647 3 veins vein NNS 21781 3647 4 = = NFP 21781 3647 5 the the DT 21781 3647 6 vena vena NNP 21781 3647 7 cava cava NNP 21781 3647 8 superior superior JJ 21781 3647 9 of of IN 21781 3647 10 the the DT 21781 3647 11 higher high JJR 21781 3647 12 type type NN 21781 3647 13 ; ; : 21781 3647 14 the the DT 21781 3647 15 posterior posterior NNP 21781 3647 16 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 3647 17 is be VBZ 21781 3647 18 represented represent VBN 21781 3647 19 by by IN 21781 3647 20 the the DT 21781 3647 21 azygos azygos NNP 21781 3647 22 vein vein NN 21781 3647 23 in in IN 21781 3647 24 the the DT 21781 3647 25 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3647 26 . . . 21781 3648 1 Compare compare VB 21781 3648 2 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3648 3 24 24 CD 21781 3648 4 , , , 21781 3648 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3648 6 7 7 CD 21781 3648 7 , , , 21781 3648 8 and and CC 21781 3648 9 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3648 10 2 2 CD 21781 3648 11 , , , 21781 3648 12 Figure figure NN 21781 3648 13 2 2 CD 21781 3648 14 . . . 21781 3649 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3649 2 3 3 CD 21781 3649 3 . . . 21781 3650 1 Side side JJ 21781 3650 2 view view NN 21781 3650 3 of of IN 21781 3650 4 the the DT 21781 3650 5 pericardium pericardium NN 21781 3650 6 . . . 21781 3651 1 a.br a.br NNP 21781 3651 2 . . NNP 21781 3651 3 , , , 21781 3651 4 afferent afferent NN 21781 3651 5 branchial branchial JJ 21781 3651 6 artery artery NN 21781 3651 7 . . . 21781 3652 1 a.c.s a.c.s NNP 21781 3652 2 . . NNP 21781 3652 3 , , , 21781 3652 4 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3652 5 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 3652 6 sinus sinus NNP 21781 3652 7 (= (= NNP 21781 3652 8 internal internal JJ 21781 3652 9 jugular jugular NNP 21781 3652 10 vein vein NN 21781 3652 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3652 12 . . . 21781 3653 1 au au NNP 21781 3653 2 . . NNP 21781 3653 3 , , , 21781 3653 4 atrium atrium NNP 21781 3653 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3653 6 auricle auricle NN 21781 3653 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3653 8 (= (= NNP 21781 3653 9 the the DT 21781 3653 10 two two CD 21781 3653 11 auricles auricle NNS 21781 3653 12 of of IN 21781 3653 13 higher high JJR 21781 3653 14 forms form NNS 21781 3653 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3653 16 . . . 21781 3654 1 b.a b.a NNP 21781 3654 2 . . NNP 21781 3654 3 , , , 21781 3654 4 bulbus bulbus NNP 21781 3654 5 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 3654 6 . . . 21781 3655 1 c.a c.a NNP 21781 3655 2 . . NNP 21781 3655 3 , , , 21781 3655 4 conus conus NNP 21781 3655 5 arterious arterious JJ 21781 3655 6 . . . 21781 3656 1 cd cd NN 21781 3656 2 . . . 21781 3657 1 a. a. NNP 21781 3657 2 , , , 21781 3657 3 caudal caudal JJ 21781 3657 4 artery artery NN 21781 3657 5 . . . 21781 3658 1 cd.v cd.v NNP 21781 3658 2 . . NNP 21781 3658 3 , , , 21781 3658 4 caudal caudal JJ 21781 3658 5 vein vein NN 21781 3658 6 . . . 21781 3659 1 c.s c.s NNP 21781 3659 2 . . NNP 21781 3659 3 , , , 21781 3659 4 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 3659 5 sinus sinus NN 21781 3659 6 . . . 21781 3660 1 d.a d.a NNP 21781 3660 2 . . NNP 21781 3660 3 , , , 21781 3660 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3660 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3660 6 . . . 21781 3661 1 E. E. NNP 21781 3661 2 , , , 21781 3661 3 eye eye NN 21781 3661 4 . . . 21781 3662 1 e.br e.br NNP 21781 3662 2 . . NNP 21781 3662 3 , , , 21781 3662 4 efferent efferent JJ 21781 3662 5 branchial branchial JJ 21781 3662 6 arteries artery NNS 21781 3662 7 . . . 21781 3663 1 g.s g.s NNP 21781 3663 2 . . NNP 21781 3663 3 , , , 21781 3663 4 in in IN 21781 3663 5 position position NN 21781 3663 6 of of IN 21781 3663 7 gill gill JJ 21781 3663 8 slits slit NNS 21781 3663 9 . . . 21781 3664 1 h.br.a h.br.a NNP 21781 3664 2 . . . 21781 3664 3 , , , 21781 3664 4 hypobranchial hypobranchial JJ 21781 3664 5 artery artery NN 21781 3664 6 . . . 21781 3665 1 H.S. H.S. NNP 21781 3665 2 , , , 21781 3665 3 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 3665 4 sinus sinus NN 21781 3665 5 . . . 21781 3666 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3666 2 i.j.s i.j.s NNP 21781 3666 3 . . NNP 21781 3666 4 , , , 21781 3666 5 inferior inferior NNP 21781 3666 6 jugular jugular NNP 21781 3666 7 sinus sinus NNP 21781 3666 8 (= (= NNP 21781 3666 9 external external JJ 21781 3666 10 jugular jugular NNP 21781 3666 11 vein vein NN 21781 3666 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3666 13 . . . 21781 3666 14 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3667 1 K. K. NNP 21781 3667 2 , , , 21781 3667 3 kidney kidney NN 21781 3667 4 . . . 21781 3668 1 L.V. L.V. NNP 21781 3668 2 , , , 21781 3668 3 lateral lateral JJ 21781 3668 4 vein vein NN 21781 3668 5 . . . 21781 3669 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3669 2 oe.s oe.s NNP 21781 3669 3 . . . 21781 3669 4 , , , 21781 3669 5 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3669 6 wall wall NN 21781 3669 7 of of IN 21781 3669 8 oesophagus oesophagus NNP 21781 3669 9 . . . 21781 3669 10 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3670 1 P.C.C. P.C.C. NNP 21781 3670 2 , , , 21781 3670 3 pericardial pericardial JJ 21781 3670 4 cavity cavity NN 21781 3670 5 . . . 21781 3671 1 P.C.S. P.C.S. NNP 21781 3671 2 , , , 21781 3671 3 posterior posterior NNP 21781 3671 4 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 3671 5 sinus sinus NNP 21781 3671 6 . . . 21781 3672 1 p.p.c p.p.c NNP 21781 3672 2 . . NNP 21781 3672 3 , , , 21781 3672 4 pericardio pericardio NN 21781 3672 5 - - HYPH 21781 3672 6 peritoneal peritoneal NN 21781 3672 7 canal canal NN 21781 3672 8 . . . 21781 3673 1 P.V. P.V. NNP 21781 3673 2 , , , 21781 3673 3 portal portal JJ 21781 3673 4 vein vein NN 21781 3673 5 . . . 21781 3674 1 r.p.v r.p.v NNP 21781 3674 2 . . NNP 21781 3674 3 , , , 21781 3674 4 reno reno NNP 21781 3674 5 - - HYPH 21781 3674 6 portal portal NNP 21781 3674 7 vein vein NN 21781 3674 8 . . . 21781 3675 1 s.c.v s.c.v NNP 21781 3675 2 . . NNP 21781 3675 3 , , , 21781 3675 4 subclavian subclavian NNP 21781 3675 5 vein vein NNP 21781 3675 6 . . . 21781 3676 1 Vn Vn NNP 21781 3676 2 . . NNP 21781 3676 3 , , , 21781 3676 4 ventricle ventricle NN 21781 3676 5 . . . 21781 3677 1 -v.s.v -v.s.v : 21781 3677 2 . . NNP 21781 3677 3 , , , 21781 3677 4 inferior inferior JJ 21781 3677 5 (= (= NNP 21781 3677 6 external external JJ 21781 3677 7 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3677 8 jugular jugular NNP 21781 3677 9 vein- vein- NN 21781 3677 10 . . . 21781 3678 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3678 2 4 4 CD 21781 3678 3 . . . 21781 3679 1 Skeleton Skeleton NNP 21781 3679 2 of of IN 21781 3679 3 pectoral pectoral JJ 21781 3679 4 limb limb NN 21781 3679 5 , , , 21781 3679 6 and and CC 21781 3679 7 girdle.-- girdle.-- NNP 21781 3679 8 g. g. NNP 21781 3679 9 , , , 21781 3679 10 the the DT 21781 3679 11 girdle girdle NN 21781 3679 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3679 13 also also RB 21781 3679 14 in in IN 21781 3679 15 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3679 16 3 3 CD 21781 3679 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3679 18 . . . 21781 3680 1 m.p m.p NNP 21781 3680 2 . . NNP 21781 3680 3 , , , 21781 3680 4 meso meso NN 21781 3680 5 - - HYPH 21781 3680 6 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 3680 7 . . . 21781 3681 1 mt.p mt.p NNP 21781 3681 2 . . NNP 21781 3681 3 , , , 21781 3681 4 meta meta JJ 21781 3681 5 - - HYPH 21781 3681 6 pterygium pterygium NN 21781 3681 7 . . . 21781 3682 1 p.p p.p NNP 21781 3682 2 . . NNP 21781 3682 3 , , , 21781 3682 4 pro pro JJ 21781 3682 5 - - JJ 21781 3682 6 pterygium pterygium JJ 21781 3682 7 . . . 21781 3683 1 sc sc NNP 21781 3683 2 . . NNP 21781 3683 3 , , , 21781 3683 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3683 5 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3683 6 portion portion NN 21781 3683 7 . . . 21781 3684 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3684 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3684 3 : : : 21781 3684 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3684 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3684 6 16 16 CD 21781 3684 7 . . . 21781 3684 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3685 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3685 2 17 17 CD 21781 3685 3 -The -The : 21781 3685 4 Uro uro NN 21781 3685 5 - - HYPH 21781 3685 6 genital genital JJ 21781 3685 7 Organs organ NNS 21781 3685 8 of of IN 21781 3685 9 the the DT 21781 3685 10 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3685 11 - - HYPH 21781 3685 12 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3685 13 _ _ NNP 21781 3685 14 . . . 21781 3686 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3686 2 1 1 CD 21781 3686 3 . . . 21781 3687 1 The the DT 21781 3687 2 Female Female NNP 21781 3687 3 , , , 21781 3687 4 the the DT 21781 3687 5 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 3687 6 of of IN 21781 3687 7 the the DT 21781 3687 8 left left JJ 21781 3687 9 side side NN 21781 3687 10 cut cut VBD 21781 3687 11 away away RB 21781 3687 12 , , , 21781 3687 13 -and -and : 21781 3687 14 an an DT 21781 3687 15 egg egg NN 21781 3687 16 case case NN 21781 3687 17 in in IN 21781 3687 18 the the DT 21781 3687 19 oviduct.- oviduct.- NNP 21781 3687 20 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3687 21 2 2 CD 21781 3687 22 . . . 21781 3688 1 The the DT 21781 3688 2 Male Male NNP 21781 3688 3 . . . 21781 3689 1 The the DT 21781 3689 2 rectum rectum NN 21781 3689 3 is be VBZ 21781 3689 4 removed remove VBN 21781 3689 5 in in IN 21781 3689 6 both both DT 21781 3689 7 cases case NNS 21781 3689 8 , , , 21781 3689 9 and and CC 21781 3689 10 the the DT 21781 3689 11 silvery silvery NNP 21781 3689 12 peritoneum peritoneum NN 21781 3689 13 dissected dissect VBD 21781 3689 14 off off RP 21781 3689 15 from from IN 21781 3689 16 the the DT 21781 3689 17 kidneys kidney NNS 21781 3689 18 . . . 21781 3690 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3690 2 3 3 CD 21781 3690 3 . . . 21781 3691 1 A a DT 21781 3691 2 generalized generalize VBN 21781 3691 3 diagram diagram NN 21781 3691 4 of of IN 21781 3691 5 the the DT 21781 3691 6 uro uro NNP 21781 3691 7 - - HYPH 21781 3691 8 genital genital JJ 21781 3691 9 organs.-- organs.-- CD 21781 3691 10 All all DT 21781 3691 11 references reference NNS 21781 3691 12 in in IN 21781 3691 13 text text NN 21781 3691 14 . . . 21781 3692 1 Ms. Ms. NNP 21781 3692 2 , , , 21781 3692 3 the the DT 21781 3692 4 mesonephros mesonephro NNS 21781 3692 5 , , , 21781 3692 6 is be VBZ 21781 3692 7 the the DT 21781 3692 8 epididymis epididymis NNP 21781 3692 9 in in IN 21781 3692 10 the the DT 21781 3692 11 male male NN 21781 3692 12 , , , 21781 3692 13 and and CC 21781 3692 14 is be VBZ 21781 3692 15 reduced reduce VBN 21781 3692 16 in in IN 21781 3692 17 the the DT 21781 3692 18 female female NN 21781 3692 19 ; ; : 21781 3692 20 Ms.d Ms.d NNP 21781 3692 21 . . . 21781 3692 22 , , , 21781 3692 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3692 24 duct duct NN 21781 3692 25 , , , 21781 3692 26 is be VBZ 21781 3692 27 the the DT 21781 3692 28 vas vas NN 21781 3692 29 deferens deferen NNS 21781 3692 30 in in IN 21781 3692 31 the the DT 21781 3692 32 male male NN 21781 3692 33 , , , 21781 3692 34 and and CC 21781 3692 35 persists persist VBZ 21781 3692 36 only only RB 21781 3692 37 as as IN 21781 3692 38 the the DT 21781 3692 39 urinary urinary JJ 21781 3692 40 receptacle receptacle NN 21781 3692 41 in in IN 21781 3692 42 the the DT 21781 3692 43 female female NN 21781 3692 44 . . . 21781 3693 1 Mt. Mount NNP 21781 3694 1 and and CC 21781 3694 2 Mt.d Mt.d NNP 21781 3694 3 . . . 21781 3694 4 , , , 21781 3694 5 the the DT 21781 3694 6 metanephros metanephros NNP 21781 3694 7 and and CC 21781 3694 8 metanephric metanephric JJ 21781 3694 9 duct duct NN 21781 3694 10 , , , 21781 3694 11 become become VBP 21781 3694 12 the the DT 21781 3694 13 functional functional JJ 21781 3694 14 kidney kidney NN 21781 3694 15 and and CC 21781 3694 16 ureter ureter NN 21781 3694 17 in in IN 21781 3694 18 both both DT 21781 3694 19 sexes sex NNS 21781 3694 20 . . . 21781 3695 1 G. G. NNP 21781 3695 2 is be VBZ 21781 3695 3 the the DT 21781 3695 4 gonad gonad NNP 21781 3695 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3695 6 reproductive reproductive NNP 21781 3695 7 gland gland NNP 21781 3695 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3695 9 , , , 21781 3695 10 and and CC 21781 3695 11 M.L. M.L. NNP 21781 3696 1 the the DT 21781 3696 2 animal animal NN 21781 3696 3 's 's POS 21781 3696 4 middle middle JJ 21781 3696 5 line line NN 21781 3696 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3696 7 median median JJ 21781 3696 8 plane plane NN 21781 3696 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3696 10 . . . 21781 3697 1 -Ps.- -Ps.- : 21781 3697 2 , , , 21781 3697 3 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3697 4 Pr pr NN 21781 3697 5 . . NNP 21781 3697 6 , , , 21781 3697 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3697 8 the the DT 21781 3697 9 pronephros pronephro NNS 21781 3697 10 , , , 21781 3697 11 is be VBZ 21781 3697 12 never never RB 21781 3697 13 developed develop VBN 21781 3697 14 in in IN 21781 3697 15 the the DT 21781 3697 16 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3697 17 - - HYPH 21781 3697 18 fish fish NN 21781 3697 19 ; ; : 21781 3697 20 P.d P.d NNP 21781 3697 21 . . NNP 21781 3697 22 , , , 21781 3697 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3697 24 supposed suppose VBN 21781 3697 25 duct duct NN 21781 3697 26 , , , 21781 3697 27 is be VBZ 21781 3697 28 the the DT 21781 3697 29 oviduct oviduct NN 21781 3697 30 of of IN 21781 3697 31 the the DT 21781 3697 32 female female NN 21781 3697 33 , , , 21781 3697 34 and and CC 21781 3697 35 is be VBZ 21781 3697 36 suppressed suppress VBN 21781 3697 37 in in IN 21781 3697 38 the the DT 21781 3697 39 male male NN 21781 3697 40 . . . 21781 3698 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3698 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3698 3 : : : 21781 3698 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3698 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3698 6 17 17 CD 21781 3698 7 . . . 21781 3698 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3699 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3699 2 18 18 CD 21781 3699 3 . . . 21781 3700 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3700 2 1 1 CD 21781 3700 3 . . . 21781 3701 1 The the DT 21781 3701 2 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3701 3 - - HYPH 21781 3701 4 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3701 5 Brain Brain NNP 21781 3701 6 , , , 21781 3701 7 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3701 8 view view NN 21781 3701 9 . . . 21781 3702 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3702 2 2 2 CD 21781 3702 3 . . . 21781 3703 1 Median median JJ 21781 3703 2 section section NN 21781 3703 3 of of IN 21781 3703 4 the the DT 21781 3703 5 same same JJ 21781 3703 6 . . . 21781 3704 1 To to IN 21781 3704 2 the the DT 21781 3704 3 right right NN 21781 3704 4 a a DT 21781 3704 5 more more RBR 21781 3704 6 diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3704 7 figure figure NN 21781 3704 8 . . . 21781 3705 1 The the DT 21781 3705 2 nerves nerve NNS 21781 3705 3 are be VBP 21781 3705 4 numbered:-- numbered:-- CD 21781 3705 5 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3705 6 BR1 BR1 NNP 21781 3705 7 , , , 21781 3705 8 BR2 BR2 NNP 21781 3705 9 , , , 21781 3705 10 BR3 BR3 NNP 21781 3705 11 , , , 21781 3705 12 BR4 br4 NN 21781 3705 13 branches branch NNS 21781 3705 14 of of IN 21781 3705 15 X X NNS 21781 3705 16 forking fork VBG 21781 3705 17 over over IN 21781 3705 18 the the DT 21781 3705 19 second second JJ 21781 3705 20 to to IN 21781 3705 21 the the DT 21781 3705 22 fifth fifth JJ 21781 3705 23 gillslit gillslit NN 21781 3705 24 . . . 21781 3705 25 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3706 1 cb cb NNP 21781 3706 2 . . NNP 21781 3706 3 , , , 21781 3706 4 cerebellum cerebellum NN 21781 3706 5 . . . 21781 3707 1 h.s.c h.s.c NNP 21781 3707 2 . . NNP 21781 3707 3 , , , 21781 3707 4 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 3707 5 semi semi JJ 21781 3707 6 - - JJ 21781 3707 7 circular circular JJ 21781 3707 8 canal canal NN 21781 3707 9 of of IN 21781 3707 10 ear ear NN 21781 3707 11 , , , 21781 3707 12 exposed expose VBN 21781 3707 13 by by IN 21781 3707 14 the the DT 21781 3707 15 slicing slicing NN 21781 3707 16 down down RP 21781 3707 17 of of IN 21781 3707 18 the the DT 21781 3707 19 otic otic JJ 21781 3707 20 mass mass NN 21781 3707 21 . . . 21781 3708 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3708 2 LAT LAT NNP 21781 3708 3 . . NNP 21781 3708 4 , , , 21781 3708 5 lateral lateral JJ 21781 3708 6 - - HYPH 21781 3708 7 line line NN 21781 3708 8 branch branch NN 21781 3708 9 of of IN 21781 3708 10 X. X. NNP 21781 3708 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3709 1 m.o m.o NNP 21781 3709 2 . . NNP 21781 3709 3 , , , 21781 3709 4 medulla medulla NNP 21781 3709 5 oblongata oblongata NNP 21781 3709 6 . . . 21781 3710 1 oph oph NNP 21781 3710 2 . . NNP 21781 3710 3 , , , 21781 3710 4 ophthalmic ophthalmic JJ 21781 3710 5 nerve nerve NN 21781 3710 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3710 7 V.1+VII.1 V.1+VII.1 NNP 21781 3710 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3710 9 . . . 21781 3711 1 op.l op.l NNP 21781 3711 2 . . NNP 21781 3711 3 , , , 21781 3711 4 optic optic JJ 21781 3711 5 lobe lobe NNP 21781 3711 6 . . . 21781 3712 1 pit pit NNP 21781 3712 2 . . NNP 21781 3712 3 , , , 21781 3712 4 pituitary pituitary JJ 21781 3712 5 body body NN 21781 3712 6 . . . 21781 3713 1 pr.c pr.c LS 21781 3713 2 . . . 21781 3713 3 , , , 21781 3713 4 prosencephalon prosencephalon NNP 21781 3713 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3713 6 cerebral cerebral NNP 21781 3713 7 hemisphere hemisphere NNP 21781 3713 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3713 9 . . . 21781 3714 1 rh rh NNP 21781 3714 2 . . NNP 21781 3714 3 , , , 21781 3714 4 olfactory olfactory JJ 21781 3714 5 lobe lobe NNP 21781 3714 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3714 7 rhinencephalon rhinencephalon NN 21781 3714 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3714 9 . . . 21781 3715 1 r.t r.t NNP 21781 3715 2 . . NNP 21781 3715 3 , , , 21781 3715 4 -its- -its- : 21781 3715 5 restiform restiform NN 21781 3715 6 tracts tract NNS 21781 3715 7 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3715 8 of of IN 21781 3715 9 medulla medulla NN 21781 3715 10 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3715 11 . . . 21781 3716 1 -st- -st- : 21781 3716 2 . . . 21781 3717 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3717 2 S.P.G. S.P.G. NNP 21781 3718 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3718 2 , , , 21781 3718 3 stalk stalk NN 21781 3718 4 of of IN 21781 3718 5 the the DT 21781 3718 6 pineal pineal NN 21781 3718 7 gland gland NN 21781 3718 8 . . . 21781 3719 1 th th NNP 21781 3719 2 . . NNP 21781 3719 3 , , , 21781 3719 4 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NNP 21781 3719 5 . . . 21781 3720 1 th.c th.c NNP 21781 3720 2 . . NNP 21781 3720 3 , , , 21781 3720 4 thalamencephalon thalamencephalon NNP 21781 3720 5 . . . 21781 3721 1 -ut -ut : 21781 3721 2 . . . 21781 3721 3 , , , 21781 3721 4 the the DT 21781 3721 5 utriculus utriculus NN 21781 3721 6 , , , 21781 3721 7 seen see VBN 21781 3721 8 through through IN 21781 3721 9 the the DT 21781 3721 10 semi semi JJ 21781 3721 11 - - JJ 21781 3721 12 transparent transparent JJ 21781 3721 13 cartilage- cartilage- NN 21781 3721 14 . . . 21781 3722 1 Vid Vid NNP 21781 3722 2 . . NNP 21781 3722 3 , , , 21781 3722 4 the the DT 21781 3722 5 Vidian vidian JJ 21781 3722 6 branch branch NN 21781 3722 7 of of IN 21781 3722 8 VII VII NNP 21781 3722 9 . . . 21781 3723 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3723 2 Visc Visc NNP 21781 3723 3 . . NNP 21781 3723 4 , , , 21781 3723 5 visceral visceral JJ 21781 3723 6 branch branch NN 21781 3723 7 of of IN 21781 3723 8 X. X. NNP 21781 3723 9 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3724 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3724 2 3 3 CD 21781 3724 3 . . . 21781 3725 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3725 2 of of IN 21781 3725 3 the the DT 21781 3725 4 ear ear NN 21781 3725 5 of of IN 21781 3725 6 a a DT 21781 3725 7 fish fish NN 21781 3725 8 . . . 21781 3726 1 The the DT 21781 3726 2 structure structure NN 21781 3726 3 of of IN 21781 3726 4 this this DT 21781 3726 5 is be VBZ 21781 3726 6 easily easily RB 21781 3726 7 made make VBN 21781 3726 8 out out RP 21781 3726 9 by by IN 21781 3726 10 clearing clear VBG 21781 3726 11 otic otic JJ 21781 3726 12 capsule capsule NN 21781 3726 13 and and CC 21781 3726 14 cutting cut VBG 21781 3726 15 slices slice NNS 21781 3726 16 of of IN 21781 3726 17 the the DT 21781 3726 18 cartilage cartilage NN 21781 3726 19 in in IN 21781 3726 20 the the DT 21781 3726 21 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3726 22 - - HYPH 21781 3726 23 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3726 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3726 25 e.g. e.g. RB 21781 3726 26 , , , 21781 3726 27 Figure figure NN 21781 3726 28 1 1 CD 21781 3726 29 , , , 21781 3726 30 h.s.c h.s.c NNP 21781 3726 31 . . . 21781 3726 32 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3726 33 . . . 21781 3727 1 amp amp NNP 21781 3727 2 . . NNP 21781 3727 3 , , , 21781 3727 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3727 5 ampullae ampullae NNP 21781 3727 6 . . . 21781 3728 1 a.v.c a.v.c NNP 21781 3728 2 . . NNP 21781 3728 3 , , , 21781 3728 4 p.v.c p.v.c NNP 21781 3728 5 . . NNP 21781 3728 6 , , , 21781 3728 7 h.c h.c NNP 21781 3728 8 . . NNP 21781 3728 9 , , , 21781 3728 10 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3728 11 , , , 21781 3728 12 posterior posterior NN 21781 3728 13 , , , 21781 3728 14 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 3728 15 canal canal NN 21781 3728 16 respectively respectively RB 21781 3728 17 . . . 21781 3729 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3729 2 amp amp NNP 21781 3729 3 . . NNP 21781 3729 4 , , , 21781 3729 5 the the DT 21781 3729 6 ampullae ampullae NNP 21781 3729 7 . . . 21781 3729 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3730 1 d.e d.e NNP 21781 3730 2 . . NNP 21781 3730 3 , , , 21781 3730 4 the the DT 21781 3730 5 ductus ductus NNP 21781 3730 6 endo endo NNP 21781 3730 7 - - HYPH 21781 3730 8 lymphaticus lymphaticus NN 21781 3730 9 . . . 21781 3731 1 -sac -sac : 21781 3731 2 . . . 21781 3731 3 , , , 21781 3731 4 the the DT 21781 3731 5 sacculus sacculus NN 21781 3731 6 ; ; : 21781 3731 7 c. c. NNP 21781 3731 8 , , , 21781 3731 9 a a DT 21781 3731 10 small small JJ 21781 3731 11 outgrowth outgrowth NN 21781 3731 12 of of IN 21781 3731 13 the the DT 21781 3731 14 latter latter JJ 21781 3731 15 , , , 21781 3731 16 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 3731 17 to to IN 21781 3731 18 the the DT 21781 3731 19 rabbit rabbit NN 21781 3731 20 's 's POS 21781 3731 21 cochlea- cochlea- NN 21781 3731 22 . . . 21781 3732 1 -ut -ut : 21781 3732 2 . . . 21781 3732 3 , , , 21781 3732 4 the the DT 21781 3732 5 utriculus- utriculus- NN 21781 3732 6 . . . 21781 3733 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3733 2 4 4 CD 21781 3733 3 . . . 21781 3734 1 The the DT 21781 3734 2 cranium cranium NN 21781 3734 3 and and CC 21781 3734 4 branchial branchial JJ 21781 3734 5 bars bar NNS 21781 3734 6 of of IN 21781 3734 7 a a DT 21781 3734 8 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3734 9 - - HYPH 21781 3734 10 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3734 11 . . . 21781 3735 1 The the DT 21781 3735 2 groove groove NN 21781 3735 3 in in IN 21781 3735 4 the the DT 21781 3735 5 otic otic JJ 21781 3735 6 capsule capsule NN 21781 3735 7 connects connect VBZ 21781 3735 8 the the DT 21781 3735 9 orbital orbital JJ 21781 3735 10 and and CC 21781 3735 11 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3735 12 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 3735 13 sinuses sinus NNS 21781 3735 14 . . . 21781 3736 1 A.C.S. a.c.s. NN 21781 3736 2 , , , 21781 3736 3 position position NN 21781 3736 4 of of IN 21781 3736 5 the the DT 21781 3736 6 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3736 7 cardinal cardinal NNP 21781 3736 8 sinus sinus NNP 21781 3736 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3736 10 dotted dotted JJ 21781 3736 11 outline outline NN 21781 3736 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3736 13 . . . 21781 3737 1 c. c. NNP 21781 3737 2 , , , 21781 3737 3 the the DT 21781 3737 4 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 3737 5 centra centra NN 21781 3737 6 . . . 21781 3738 1 c.b c.b NNP 21781 3738 2 . . NNP 21781 3738 3 , , , 21781 3738 4 the the DT 21781 3738 5 cerato cerato NN 21781 3738 6 - - HYPH 21781 3738 7 branchial branchial NNP 21781 3738 8 . . . 21781 3739 1 c.h c.h NNP 21781 3739 2 . . NNP 21781 3739 3 , , , 21781 3739 4 the the DT 21781 3739 5 cerato cerato NNP 21781 3739 6 - - HYPH 21781 3739 7 hyal hyal NNP 21781 3739 8 . . . 21781 3740 1 e.b e.b NNP 21781 3740 2 . . NNP 21781 3740 3 , , , 21781 3740 4 epi epi NNP 21781 3740 5 - - HYPH 21781 3740 6 branchial branchial JJ 21781 3740 7 . . . 21781 3741 1 ex.b ex.b LS 21781 3741 2 . . NNP 21781 3741 3 , , , 21781 3741 4 extra extra JJ 21781 3741 5 - - HYPH 21781 3741 6 branchial branchial JJ 21781 3741 7 . . . 21781 3742 1 h h LS 21781 3742 2 . . . 21781 3742 3 M. M. NNP 21781 3742 4 , , , 21781 3742 5 the the DT 21781 3742 6 hyo hyo NNP 21781 3742 7 - - HYPH 21781 3742 8 mandibular mandibular NN 21781 3742 9 . . . 21781 3743 1 i.n.p i.n.p NNP 21781 3743 2 . . NNP 21781 3743 3 , , , 21781 3743 4 inter inter JJ 21781 3743 5 - - JJ 21781 3743 6 neural neural JJ 21781 3743 7 plate plate NN 21781 3743 8 . . . 21781 3744 1 M.C. M.C. NNP 21781 3744 2 , , , 21781 3744 3 Meckel Meckel NNP 21781 3744 4 's 's POS 21781 3744 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3744 6 lower low JJR 21781 3744 7 jaw jaw NN 21781 3744 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3744 9 bar bar NN 21781 3744 10 . . . 21781 3745 1 Na Na NNP 21781 3745 2 . . . 21781 3745 3 C. C. NNP 21781 3745 4 , , , 21781 3745 5 the the DT 21781 3745 6 nasal nasal NN 21781 3745 7 capsule capsule NN 21781 3745 8 . . . 21781 3746 1 n.p n.p NNP 21781 3746 2 . . NNP 21781 3746 3 , , , 21781 3746 4 neural neural JJ 21781 3746 5 plate plate NN 21781 3746 6 . . . 21781 3747 1 n.s n.s NNP 21781 3747 2 . . NNP 21781 3747 3 , , , 21781 3747 4 neural neural JJ 21781 3747 5 spine spine NNP 21781 3747 6 . . . 21781 3748 1 Ot ot UH 21781 3748 2 . . . 21781 3748 3 C. C. NNP 21781 3748 4 , , , 21781 3748 5 the the DT 21781 3748 6 otic otic JJ 21781 3748 7 capsule capsule NN 21781 3748 8 . . . 21781 3749 1 ph.b ph.b NNP 21781 3749 2 . . NNP 21781 3749 3 , , , 21781 3749 4 the the DT 21781 3749 5 pharyngo pharyngo NNP 21781 3749 6 - - HYPH 21781 3749 7 branchial branchial NN 21781 3749 8 . . . 21781 3750 1 P.pt p.pt RB 21781 3750 2 . . . 21781 3750 3 , , , 21781 3750 4 the the DT 21781 3750 5 palato palato NN 21781 3750 6 - - HYPH 21781 3750 7 pterygoid pterygoid NN 21781 3750 8 bar bar NN 21781 3750 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3750 10 upper upper JJ 21781 3750 11 jaw jaw NN 21781 3750 12 bar bar NN 21781 3750 13 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3750 14 . . . 21781 3751 1 p.s p.s NNP 21781 3751 2 . . NNP 21781 3751 3 , , , 21781 3751 4 pre pre JJ 21781 3751 5 - - JJ 21781 3751 6 spiracular spiracular JJ 21781 3751 7 ligament ligament NN 21781 3751 8 , , , 21781 3751 9 containing contain VBG 21781 3751 10 a a DT 21781 3751 11 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 21781 3751 12 nodule nodule NN 21781 3751 13 . . . 21781 3752 1 r. r. NNP 21781 3752 2 , , , 21781 3752 3 rib rib NNP 21781 3752 4 . . . 21781 3753 1 sp sp NNP 21781 3753 2 . . NNP 21781 3753 3 , , , 21781 3753 4 the the DT 21781 3753 5 position position NN 21781 3753 6 of of IN 21781 3753 7 the the DT 21781 3753 8 spiracle spiracle NN 21781 3753 9 . . . 21781 3754 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3754 2 5 5 CD 21781 3754 3 . . . 21781 3755 1 Diagrams diagram NNS 21781 3755 2 of of IN 21781 3755 3 a a DT 21781 3755 4 vertebral vertebral JJ 21781 3755 5 centrum.-- centrum.-- . 21781 3755 6 For for IN 21781 3755 7 reference reference NN 21781 3755 8 letters letter NNS 21781 3755 9 , , , 21781 3755 10 see see VB 21781 3755 11 text text NN 21781 3755 12 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3755 13 Section section NN 21781 3755 14 9 9 CD 21781 3755 15 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3755 16 . . . 21781 3756 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3756 2 No no DT 21781 3756 3 Figure figure NN 21781 3756 4 6 6 CD 21781 3756 5 , , , 21781 3756 6 in in IN 21781 3756 7 First First NNP 21781 3756 8 Edition Edition NNP 21781 3756 9 . . . 21781 3756 10 } } -RRB- 21781 3757 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3757 2 Figure figure NN 21781 3757 3 6 6 CD 21781 3757 4 . . . 21781 3758 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3758 2 for for IN 21781 3758 3 comparison comparison NN 21781 3758 4 with with IN 21781 3758 5 Figure Figure NNP 21781 3758 6 III III NNP 21781 3758 7 . . . 21781 3758 8 , , , 21781 3758 9 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3758 10 9 9 CD 21781 3758 11 . . . 21781 3758 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3759 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3759 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3759 3 : : : 21781 3759 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3759 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3759 6 18 18 CD 21781 3759 7 . . . 21781 3759 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3760 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3760 2 19 19 CD 21781 3760 3 . . . 21781 3761 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3761 2 1 1 CD 21781 3761 3 . . . 21781 3762 1 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3762 2 , , , 21781 3762 3 seen see VBN 21781 3762 4 from from IN 21781 3762 5 the the DT 21781 3762 6 right right JJ 21781 3762 7 side side NN 21781 3762 8 . . . 21781 3763 1 a----b a----b NNP 21781 3763 2 shows show VBZ 21781 3763 3 the the DT 21781 3763 4 natural natural JJ 21781 3763 5 size size NN 21781 3763 6 . . . 21781 3764 1 The the DT 21781 3764 2 animal animal NN 21781 3764 3 is be VBZ 21781 3764 4 supposed suppose VBN 21781 3764 5 to to TO 21781 3764 6 be be VB 21781 3764 7 clarified clarify VBN 21781 3764 8 , , , 21781 3764 9 and and CC 21781 3764 10 mounted mount VBD 21781 3764 11 in in IN 21781 3764 12 some some DT 21781 3764 13 highly highly RB 21781 3764 14 refracting refract VBG 21781 3764 15 medium medium NN 21781 3764 16 , , , 21781 3764 17 so so IN 21781 3764 18 that that IN 21781 3764 19 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3764 20 is be VBZ 21781 3764 21 practically practically RB 21781 3764 22 transparent transparent JJ 21781 3764 23 ; ; : 21781 3764 24 I. I. NNP 21781 3764 25 , , , 21781 3764 26 II II NNP 21781 3764 27 . . NNP 21781 3764 28 , , , 21781 3764 29 III III NNP 21781 3764 30 . . NNP 21781 3764 31 , , , 21781 3764 32 and and CC 21781 3764 33 etc etc FW 21781 3764 34 . . FW 21781 3764 35 , , , 21781 3764 36 refer refer VB 21781 3764 37 to to IN 21781 3764 38 the the DT 21781 3764 39 section section NN 21781 3764 40 figured figure VBN 21781 3764 41 on on IN 21781 3764 42 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3764 43 20 20 CD 21781 3764 44 . . . 21781 3765 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3765 2 2 2 CD 21781 3765 3 . . . 21781 3766 1 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3766 2 , , , 21781 3766 3 General General NNP 21781 3766 4 Dissection Dissection NNP 21781 3766 5 . . . 21781 3767 1 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3767 2 Slightly slightly RB 21781 3767 3 altered alter VBN 21781 3767 4 from from IN 21781 3767 5 a a DT 21781 3767 6 figure figure NN 21781 3767 7 by by IN 21781 3767 8 Professor Professor NNP 21781 3767 9 E. E. NNP 21781 3767 10 R. R. NNP 21781 3768 1 Lankester lankester NN 21781 3768 2 . . . 21781 3768 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3769 1 The the DT 21781 3769 2 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3769 3 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3769 4 wall wall NN 21781 3769 5 is be VBZ 21781 3769 6 removed remove VBN 21781 3769 7 . . . 21781 3770 1 The the DT 21781 3770 2 pharynx pharynx NN 21781 3770 3 cut cut VBD 21781 3770 4 away away RB 21781 3770 5 from from IN 21781 3770 6 the the DT 21781 3770 7 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3770 8 body body NN 21781 3770 9 - - HYPH 21781 3770 10 wall wall NN 21781 3770 11 , , , 21781 3770 12 and and CC 21781 3770 13 with with IN 21781 3770 14 the the DT 21781 3770 15 true true JJ 21781 3770 16 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3770 17 body body NN 21781 3770 18 - - HYPH 21781 3770 19 wall wall NN 21781 3770 20 turned turn VBD 21781 3770 21 over over RP 21781 3770 22 to to IN 21781 3770 23 the the DT 21781 3770 24 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3770 25 animal animal NNP 21781 3770 26 's 's POS 21781 3770 27 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3770 28 right right UH 21781 3770 29 . . . 21781 3771 1 The the DT 21781 3771 2 arrow arrow NN 21781 3771 3 a. a. NN 21781 3771 4 , , , 21781 3771 5 a. a. NN 21781 3771 6 , , , 21781 3771 7 passes pass VBZ 21781 3771 8 through through IN 21781 3771 9 anus anus NN 21781 3771 10 to to TO 21781 3771 11 intestine intestine NN 21781 3771 12 ; ; : 21781 3771 13 b. b. NNP 21781 3771 14 , , , 21781 3771 15 b. b. NNP 21781 3771 16 , , , 21781 3771 17 is be VBZ 21781 3771 18 thrust thrust VBN 21781 3771 19 through through IN 21781 3771 20 the the DT 21781 3771 21 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3771 22 pore pore NN 21781 3771 23 to to IN 21781 3771 24 the the DT 21781 3771 25 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3771 26 cavity cavity NN 21781 3771 27 . . . 21781 3772 1 Note note VB 21781 3772 2 coe coe NNP 21781 3772 3 . . . 21781 3772 4 , , , 21781 3772 5 the the DT 21781 3772 6 body body NN 21781 3772 7 cavity cavity NN 21781 3772 8 . . . 21781 3773 1 References reference NNS 21781 3773 2 to to IN 21781 3773 3 the the DT 21781 3773 4 two two CD 21781 3773 5 figures figure NNS 21781 3773 6 . . . 21781 3774 1 an an DT 21781 3774 2 . . NNP 21781 3774 3 , , , 21781 3774 4 anus anus NN 21781 3774 5 . . . 21781 3775 1 at at IN 21781 3775 2 . . NNP 21781 3775 3 , , , 21781 3775 4 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3775 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 3775 6 . . . 21781 3776 1 at.w at.w NN 21781 3776 2 . . . 21781 3776 3 , , , 21781 3776 4 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3776 5 wall wall NN 21781 3776 6 . . . 21781 3777 1 at.p at.p NNP 21781 3777 2 . . NNP 21781 3777 3 , , , 21781 3777 4 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3777 5 pore pore NN 21781 3777 6 . . . 21781 3778 1 a.d a.d NNP 21781 3778 2 . . NNP 21781 3778 3 , , , 21781 3778 4 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3778 5 dilatata dilatata NNP 21781 3778 6 of of IN 21781 3778 7 nervous nervous JJ 21781 3778 8 system system NN 21781 3778 9 . . . 21781 3779 1 b.w b.w NNP 21781 3779 2 . . NNP 21781 3779 3 , , , 21781 3779 4 body body NN 21781 3779 5 - - HYPH 21781 3779 6 wall wall NN 21781 3779 7 . . . 21781 3780 1 b.t b.t NNP 21781 3780 2 . . NNP 21781 3780 3 L. L. NNP 21781 3780 4 , , , 21781 3780 5 brown brown JJ 21781 3780 6 tubes tube NNS 21781 3780 7 of of IN 21781 3780 8 Lankester Lankester NNP 21781 3780 9 . . . 21781 3781 1 c.f c.f NNP 21781 3781 2 . . NNP 21781 3781 3 , , , 21781 3781 4 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 3781 5 funnel funnel NN 21781 3781 6 . . . 21781 3782 1 coe coe NNP 21781 3782 2 . . . 21781 3782 3 , , , 21781 3782 4 coelome coelome NNP 21781 3782 5 . . . 21781 3783 1 c.ao c.ao NNP 21781 3783 2 . . NNP 21781 3783 3 , , , 21781 3783 4 cardiac cardiac NNP 21781 3783 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3783 6 . . . 21781 3784 1 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 3784 2 . . . 21781 3784 3 , , , 21781 3784 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3784 5 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3784 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3784 7 paired pair VBN 21781 3784 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3784 9 . . . 21781 3785 1 d.ao d.ao NNP 21781 3785 2 ' ' POS 21781 3785 3 . . NN 21781 3785 4 , , , 21781 3785 5 dorsal dorsal NNP 21781 3785 6 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3785 7 median median NNP 21781 3785 8 . . . 21781 3786 1 g. g. NNP 21781 3786 2 , , , 21781 3786 3 gonads gonads NNP 21781 3786 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3786 5 male male JJ 21781 3786 6 or or CC 21781 3786 7 female female JJ 21781 3786 8 genital genital JJ 21781 3786 9 gland gland NN 21781 3786 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3786 11 . . . 21781 3787 1 hep hep NNP 21781 3787 2 . . NNP 21781 3787 3 , , , 21781 3787 4 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 3787 5 vein vein NN 21781 3787 6 . . . 21781 3788 1 in in IN 21781 3788 2 . . NNP 21781 3788 3 , , , 21781 3788 4 intestine intestine NNP 21781 3788 5 . . . 21781 3789 1 i.w i.w NNP 21781 3789 2 . . NNP 21781 3789 3 , , , 21781 3789 4 intestine intestine NN 21781 3789 5 wall wall NN 21781 3789 6 . . . 21781 3790 1 lv lv NNP 21781 3790 2 . . NNP 21781 3790 3 , , , 21781 3790 4 liver liver NNP 21781 3790 5 . . . 21781 3791 1 m.f m.f NNP 21781 3791 2 . . NNP 21781 3791 3 , , , 21781 3791 4 median median NNP 21781 3791 5 fin fin NNP 21781 3791 6 . . . 21781 3792 1 n.c n.c NNP 21781 3792 2 . . NNP 21781 3792 3 , , , 21781 3792 4 notochord notochord NN 21781 3792 5 . . . 21781 3793 1 p.v p.v NNP 21781 3793 2 . . NNP 21781 3793 3 , , , 21781 3793 4 portal portal NNP 21781 3793 5 vein vein NNP 21781 3793 6 . . . 21781 3794 1 ph ph NNP 21781 3794 2 . . NNP 21781 3794 3 , , , 21781 3794 4 pharynx pharynx NNP 21781 3794 5 . . . 21781 3795 1 -p.s.- -p.s.- : 21781 3795 2 , , , 21781 3795 3 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3795 4 e.s e.s NNP 21781 3795 5 . . . 21781 3795 6 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3796 1 pigment pigment NN 21781 3796 2 spot spot NN 21781 3796 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3796 4 " " `` 21781 3796 5 eye eye NN 21781 3796 6 spot spot NN 21781 3796 7 " " '' 21781 3796 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3796 9 . . . 21781 3797 1 s.c s.c NNP 21781 3797 2 . . NNP 21781 3797 3 , , , 21781 3797 4 spinal spinal JJ 21781 3797 5 cord cord NN 21781 3797 6 . . . 21781 3798 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3798 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3798 3 : : : 21781 3798 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3798 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3798 6 19 19 CD 21781 3798 7 . . . 21781 3798 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3799 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3799 2 20 20 CD 21781 3799 3 -Sections -section NNS 21781 3799 4 of of IN 21781 3799 5 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3799 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3799 7 . . . 21781 3800 1 The the DT 21781 3800 2 Roman roman JJ 21781 3800 3 numerals numeral NNS 21781 3800 4 indicate indicate VBP 21781 3800 5 the the DT 21781 3800 6 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 3800 7 region region NN 21781 3800 8 in in IN 21781 3800 9 Figure figure NN 21781 3800 10 1 1 CD 21781 3800 11 , , , 21781 3800 12 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3800 13 19 19 CD 21781 3800 14 . . . 21781 3801 1 The the DT 21781 3801 2 lettering lettering NN 21781 3801 3 is be VBZ 21781 3801 4 identical identical JJ 21781 3801 5 ; ; : 21781 3801 6 but but CC 21781 3801 7 note note VB 21781 3801 8 , , , 21781 3801 9 in in IN 21781 3801 10 addition addition NN 21781 3801 11 ; ; , 21781 3801 12 br.c br.c NNP 21781 3801 13 . . NNP 21781 3801 14 , , , 21781 3801 15 branchial branchial NNP 21781 3801 16 canal canal NN 21781 3801 17 . . . 21781 3802 1 c.f c.f NNP 21781 3802 2 . . NNP 21781 3802 3 , , , 21781 3802 4 ciliated ciliate VBN 21781 3802 5 funnel funnel NN 21781 3802 6 . . . 21781 3803 1 d.c.c d.c.c NNP 21781 3803 2 . . NNP 21781 3803 3 , , , 21781 3803 4 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3803 5 coelomic coelomic NNP 21781 3803 6 canal canal NN 21781 3803 7 . . . 21781 3804 1 end end NNP 21781 3804 2 . . NNP 21781 3804 3 , , , 21781 3804 4 endostyle endostyle NN 21781 3804 5 . . . 21781 3805 1 ep ep NNP 21781 3805 2 . . NNP 21781 3805 3 , , , 21781 3805 4 epipleur epipleur NNP 21781 3805 5 . . . 21781 3806 1 e.s e.s NNP 21781 3806 2 . . NNP 21781 3806 3 , , , 21781 3806 4 eye eye NN 21781 3806 5 spot spot NN 21781 3806 6 . . . 21781 3807 1 h.p h.p NNP 21781 3807 2 . . NNP 21781 3807 3 , , , 21781 3807 4 hypopharyngeal hypopharyngeal NN 21781 3807 5 grove grove NNP 21781 3807 6 . . . 21781 3808 1 h.vn h.vn NNP 21781 3808 2 . . . 21781 3808 3 , , , 21781 3808 4 for for IN 21781 3808 5 hepatic hepatic JJ 21781 3808 6 vein vein NN 21781 3808 7 . . . 21781 3809 1 o.c o.c NNP 21781 3809 2 . . NNP 21781 3809 3 , , , 21781 3809 4 oral oral JJ 21781 3809 5 cavity cavity NN 21781 3809 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3809 7 or or CC 21781 3809 8 hood hood NNP 21781 3809 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3809 10 . . . 21781 3810 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3810 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3810 3 : : : 21781 3810 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3810 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3810 6 20 20 CD 21781 3810 7 . . . 21781 3810 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3811 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3811 2 21 21 CD 21781 3811 3 . . . 21781 3812 1 -Phases -Phases NFP 21781 3812 2 in in IN 21781 3812 3 the the DT 21781 3812 4 Development Development NNP 21781 3812 5 of of IN 21781 3812 6 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3812 7 _ _ NNP 21781 3812 8 . . . 21781 3813 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3813 2 1 1 CD 21781 3813 3 , , , 21781 3813 4 2 2 CD 21781 3813 5 , , , 21781 3813 6 3 3 CD 21781 3813 7 , , , 21781 3813 8 4 4 CD 21781 3813 9 . . . 21781 3814 1 Phases phase NNS 21781 3814 2 in in IN 21781 3814 3 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 3814 4 . . . 21781 3815 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3815 2 5 5 CD 21781 3815 3 . . . 21781 3816 1 The the DT 21781 3816 2 blastosphere blastosphere NN 21781 3816 3 . . . 21781 3817 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3817 2 6 6 CD 21781 3817 3 . . . 21781 3818 1 The the DT 21781 3818 2 gastrula gastrula NN 21781 3818 3 in in IN 21781 3818 4 section section NN 21781 3818 5 , , , 21781 3818 6 anterior anterior JJ 21781 3818 7 end end NN 21781 3818 8 to to IN 21781 3818 9 the the DT 21781 3818 10 right right NN 21781 3818 11 . . . 21781 3819 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3819 2 7 7 CD 21781 3819 3 . . . 21781 3819 4 i. i. NNP 21781 3819 5 Dorsal Dorsal NNP 21781 3819 6 view view NN 21781 3819 7 post post VBP 21781 3819 8 gastrula gastrula JJ 21781 3819 9 stage stage NN 21781 3819 10 . . . 21781 3820 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3820 2 7 7 CD 21781 3820 3 . . . 21781 3820 4 ii ii LS 21781 3820 5 . . . 21781 3821 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3821 2 section section NN 21781 3821 3 of of IN 21781 3821 4 the the DT 21781 3821 5 same same JJ 21781 3821 6 in in IN 21781 3821 7 the the DT 21781 3821 8 position position NN 21781 3821 9 indicated indicate VBN 21781 3821 10 by by IN 21781 3821 11 the the DT 21781 3821 12 transverse transverse JJ 21781 3821 13 line line NN 21781 3821 14 in in IN 21781 3821 15 7 7 CD 21781 3821 16 , , , 21781 3821 17 i. i. NNP 21781 3822 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3822 2 8 8 CD 21781 3822 3 . . . 21781 3823 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3823 2 section section NN 21781 3823 3 of of IN 21781 3823 4 a a DT 21781 3823 5 later later JJ 21781 3823 6 stage stage NN 21781 3823 7 . . . 21781 3824 1 coe.p coe.p UH 21781 3824 2 . . . 21781 3824 3 , , , 21781 3824 4 the the DT 21781 3824 5 coelomic coelomic NN 21781 3824 6 pouches pouch VBZ 21781 3824 7 . . . 21781 3825 1 n.c n.c NNP 21781 3825 2 . . NNP 21781 3825 3 , , , 21781 3825 4 the the DT 21781 3825 5 notochord notochord NN 21781 3825 6 . . . 21781 3826 1 n.p n.p NNP 21781 3826 2 . . NNP 21781 3826 3 , , , 21781 3826 4 the the DT 21781 3826 5 neural neural JJ 21781 3826 6 plate plate NN 21781 3826 7 . . . 21781 3827 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3827 2 9.i 9.i CD 21781 3827 3 . . . 21781 3828 1 Still still RB 21781 3828 2 later later JJ 21781 3828 3 section section NN 21781 3828 4 . . . 21781 3829 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3829 2 9 9 CD 21781 3829 3 . . . 21781 3829 4 ii ii LS 21781 3829 5 . . . 21781 3830 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3830 2 view view NN 21781 3830 3 of of IN 21781 3830 4 late late JJ 21781 3830 5 embryo embryo NN 21781 3830 6 . . . 21781 3831 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3831 2 10 10 CD 21781 3831 3 , , , 21781 3831 4 11 11 CD 21781 3831 5 , , , 21781 3831 6 12 12 CD 21781 3831 7 illustrate illustrate VBP 21781 3831 8 the the DT 21781 3831 9 formation formation NN 21781 3831 10 of of IN 21781 3831 11 the the DT 21781 3831 12 atrium atrium NN 21781 3831 13 as as IN 21781 3831 14 a a DT 21781 3831 15 median median JJ 21781 3831 16 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3831 17 invagination invagination NN 21781 3831 18 , , , 21781 3831 19 at at IN 21781 3831 20 . . . 21781 3832 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3832 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3832 3 : : : 21781 3832 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3832 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3832 6 21 21 CD 21781 3832 7 . . . 21781 3832 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3833 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3833 2 22 22 CD 21781 3833 3 . . . 21781 3834 1 -The -The NFP 21781 3834 2 Development development NN 21781 3834 3 of of IN 21781 3834 4 the the DT 21781 3834 5 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3834 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3834 7 . . . 21781 3835 1 These these DT 21781 3835 2 diagrams diagram NNS 21781 3835 3 must must MD 21781 3835 4 be be VB 21781 3835 5 studied study VBN 21781 3835 6 with with IN 21781 3835 7 the the DT 21781 3835 8 text text NN 21781 3835 9 . . . 21781 3836 1 They -PRON- PRP 21781 3836 2 should should MD 21781 3836 3 be be VB 21781 3836 4 compared compare VBN 21781 3836 5 with with IN 21781 3836 6 the the DT 21781 3836 7 corresponding corresponding JJ 21781 3836 8 ones one NNS 21781 3836 9 of of IN 21781 3836 10 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3836 11 as as IN 21781 3836 12 indicated indicate VBN 21781 3836 13 below below RB 21781 3836 14 . . . 21781 3837 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3837 2 1 1 CD 21781 3837 3 , , , 21781 3837 4 2 2 CD 21781 3837 5 , , , 21781 3837 6 3 3 CD 21781 3837 7 . . . 21781 3838 1 Stages stage NNS 21781 3838 2 in in IN 21781 3838 3 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 3838 4 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3838 5 compare compare VB 21781 3838 6 1 1 CD 21781 3838 7 , , , 21781 3838 8 2 2 CD 21781 3838 9 , , , 21781 3838 10 3 3 CD 21781 3838 11 of of IN 21781 3838 12 { { -LRB- 21781 3838 13 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3838 14 21 21 CD 21781 3838 15 } } -RRB- 21781 3838 16 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3838 17 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3838 18 . . . 21781 3839 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3839 2 4 4 CD 21781 3839 3 . . . 21781 3840 1 Blastosphere blastosphere JJ 21781 3840 2 stage stage NN 21781 3840 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3840 4 compare compare VB 21781 3840 5 5 5 CD 21781 3840 6 , , , 21781 3840 7 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3840 8 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3840 9 . . . 21781 3841 1 This this DT 21781 3841 2 , , , 21781 3841 3 on on IN 21781 3841 4 a a DT 21781 3841 5 smaller small JJR 21781 3841 6 scale scale NN 21781 3841 7 . . . 21781 3842 1 The the DT 21781 3842 2 cells cell NNS 21781 3842 3 on on IN 21781 3842 4 the the DT 21781 3842 5 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3842 6 side side NN 21781 3842 7 are be VBP 21781 3842 8 so so RB 21781 3842 9 much much RB 21781 3842 10 larger large JJR 21781 3842 11 because because IN 21781 3842 12 distended distend VBN 21781 3842 13 with with IN 21781 3842 14 yolk yolk NNP 21781 3842 15 . . . 21781 3843 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3843 2 5 5 CD 21781 3843 3 . . . 21781 3844 1 Gastrula gastrula JJ 21781 3844 2 stage stage NN 21781 3844 3 in in IN 21781 3844 4 section section NN 21781 3844 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3844 6 compare compare VB 21781 3844 7 6 6 CD 21781 3844 8 , , , 21781 3844 9 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3844 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3844 11 . . . 21781 3845 1 The the DT 21781 3845 2 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3845 3 on on IN 21781 3845 4 a a DT 21781 3845 5 smaller small JJR 21781 3845 6 scale scale NN 21781 3845 7 than than IN 21781 3845 8 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3845 9 . . . 21781 3846 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3846 2 6 6 CD 21781 3846 3 . . . 21781 3847 1 Dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3847 2 view view NN 21781 3847 3 of of IN 21781 3847 4 gastrula gastrula NNP 21781 3847 5 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3847 6 compare compare VB 21781 3847 7 7 7 CD 21781 3847 8 , , , 21781 3847 9 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3847 10 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3847 11 . . . 21781 3848 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3848 2 7 7 CD 21781 3848 3 . . . 21781 3849 1 Part part NN 21781 3849 2 of of IN 21781 3849 3 a a DT 21781 3849 4 transverse transverse JJ 21781 3849 5 section section NN 21781 3849 6 of of IN 21781 3849 7 developing develop VBG 21781 3849 8 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 3849 9 , , , 21781 3849 10 corresponding correspond VBG 21781 3849 11 to to IN 21781 3849 12 Figure figure NN 21781 3849 13 8 8 CD 21781 3849 14 of of IN 21781 3849 15 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3849 16 . . . 21781 3850 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3850 2 8 8 CD 21781 3850 3 and and CC 21781 3850 4 9 9 CD 21781 3850 5 . . . 21781 3851 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3851 2 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 21781 3851 3 sections section NNS 21781 3851 4 of of IN 21781 3851 5 tadpoles tadpole NNS 21781 3851 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3851 7 compare compare VB 21781 3851 8 9 9 CD 21781 3851 9 . . . 21781 3851 10 ii ii UH 21781 3851 11 . . . 21781 3852 1 of of IN 21781 3852 2 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3852 3 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3852 4 . . . 21781 3853 1 Y. Y. NNP 21781 3853 2 represents represent VBZ 21781 3853 3 a a DT 21781 3853 4 mass mass NN 21781 3853 5 of of IN 21781 3853 6 yolk yolk NN 21781 3853 7 cells cell NNS 21781 3853 8 . . . 21781 3854 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3854 2 10 10 CD 21781 3854 3 . . . 21781 3855 1 Side side JJ 21781 3855 2 view view NN 21781 3855 3 of of IN 21781 3855 4 young young JJ 21781 3855 5 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 3855 6 , , , 21781 3855 7 showing show VBG 21781 3855 8 external external JJ 21781 3855 9 gills gill NNS 21781 3855 10 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3855 11 e.g. e.g. RB 21781 3855 12 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3856 1 and and CC 21781 3856 2 suckers sucker NNS 21781 3856 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3856 4 s. s. NNP 21781 3856 5 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3856 6 . . . 21781 3857 1 Note note VB 21781 3857 2 the the DT 21781 3857 3 ventral ventral JJ 21781 3857 4 bulging bulging NN 21781 3857 5 due due IN 21781 3857 6 to to IN 21781 3857 7 the the DT 21781 3857 8 yolk yolk NN 21781 3857 9 . . . 21781 3858 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3858 2 11 11 CD 21781 3858 3 . . . 21781 3859 1 Ventral ventral JJ 21781 3859 2 view view NN 21781 3859 3 of of IN 21781 3859 4 a a DT 21781 3859 5 later later JJ 21781 3859 6 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 3859 7 . . . 21781 3860 1 op op NNP 21781 3860 2 . . . 21781 3860 3 , , , 21781 3860 4 the the DT 21781 3860 5 operculum operculum NN 21781 3860 6 . . . 21781 3861 1 int int UH 21781 3861 2 . . . 21781 3861 3 , , , 21781 3861 4 coiling coil VBG 21781 3861 5 intestine intestine NN 21781 3861 6 . . . 21781 3862 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3862 2 12 12 CD 21781 3862 3 . . . 21781 3863 1 Head head NN 21781 3863 2 of of IN 21781 3863 3 still still RB 21781 3863 4 later later RBR 21781 3863 5 tadpole tadpole NN 21781 3863 6 in in IN 21781 3863 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 21781 3863 8 section section NN 21781 3863 9 to to TO 21781 3863 10 show show VB 21781 3863 11 atrial atrial JJ 21781 3863 12 chamber chamber NN 21781 3863 13 formed form VBN 21781 3863 14 by by IN 21781 3863 15 operculum operculum NNP 21781 3863 16 . . . 21781 3864 1 int.g int.g UH 21781 3864 2 . . . 21781 3864 3 , , , 21781 3864 4 internal internal JJ 21781 3864 5 gills gill NNS 21781 3864 6 . . . 21781 3865 1 L. L. NNP 21781 3865 2 , , , 21781 3865 3 developing develop VBG 21781 3865 4 lungs lung NNS 21781 3865 5 . . . 21781 3866 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3866 2 13 13 CD 21781 3866 3 . . . 21781 3867 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3867 2 cross cross JJ 21781 3867 3 - - NN 21781 3867 4 section section NN 21781 3867 5 of of IN 21781 3867 6 the the DT 21781 3867 7 mid mid JJ 21781 3867 8 - - JJ 21781 3867 9 dorsal dorsal JJ 21781 3867 10 part part NN 21781 3867 11 of of IN 21781 3867 12 an an DT 21781 3867 13 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 3867 14 vertebrate vertebrate NN 21781 3867 15 . . . 21781 3868 1 ao ao NNP 21781 3868 2 . . NNP 21781 3868 3 , , , 21781 3868 4 aorta aorta NNP 21781 3868 5 . . . 21781 3869 1 B.C. B.C. NNP 21781 3869 2 , , , 21781 3869 3 Bowman Bowman NNP 21781 3869 4 's 's POS 21781 3869 5 capsule capsule NN 21781 3869 6 . . . 21781 3870 1 coe coe NNP 21781 3870 2 . . . 21781 3870 3 , , , 21781 3870 4 coelom coelom NNP 21781 3870 5 . . . 21781 3871 1 d.g d.g NNP 21781 3871 2 . . NNP 21781 3871 3 , , , 21781 3871 4 ganglion ganglion NN 21781 3871 5 on on IN 21781 3871 6 dorsal dorsal NN 21781 3871 7 root root NN 21781 3871 8 of of IN 21781 3871 9 spinal spinal JJ 21781 3871 10 nerve nerve NN 21781 3871 11 . . . 21781 3872 1 gl gl NNP 21781 3872 2 . . NNP 21781 3872 3 , , , 21781 3872 4 -its -its . 21781 3872 5 branch- branch- NNP 21781 3872 6 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3872 7 arteriole arteriole NN 21781 3872 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3872 9 to to TO 21781 3872 10 form form VB 21781 3872 11 glomerulus glomerulus NNP 21781 3872 12 . . . 21781 3873 1 g.r g.r NNP 21781 3873 2 . . NNP 21781 3873 3 , , , 21781 3873 4 genital genital JJ 21781 3873 5 ridge ridge NN 21781 3873 6 . . . 21781 3874 1 I. I. NNP 21781 3874 2 , , , 21781 3874 3 intestine intestine NN 21781 3874 4 . . . 21781 3875 1 M.D. M.D. NNP 21781 3875 2 , , , 21781 3875 3 Mullerian mullerian JJ 21781 3875 4 duct duct NN 21781 3875 5 . . . 21781 3876 1 ns ns IN 21781 3876 2 . . . 21781 3877 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3877 2 nst nst NNP 21781 3877 3 . . . 21781 3878 1 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3878 2 , , , 21781 3878 3 nephrostome nephrostome JJ 21781 3878 4 . . . 21781 3879 1 n.c n.c NNP 21781 3879 2 . . NNP 21781 3879 3 , , , 21781 3879 4 notochord notochord NN 21781 3879 5 ; ; : 21781 3879 6 -n.s.- -n.s.- : 21781 3879 7 , , , 21781 3879 8 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3879 9 n.sh n.sh NNP 21781 3879 10 . . . 21781 3879 11 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3880 1 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3880 2 sheath sheath NN 21781 3880 3 . . . 21781 3881 1 s.c s.c NNP 21781 3881 2 . . NNP 21781 3881 3 , , , 21781 3881 4 neural neural NNP 21781 3881 5 canal canal NNP 21781 3881 6 . . . 21781 3882 1 W.D. W.D. NNP 21781 3882 2 , , , 21781 3882 3 Wolffian wolffian JJ 21781 3882 4 duct duct NN 21781 3882 5 . . . 21781 3883 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3883 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3883 3 : : : 21781 3883 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3883 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3883 6 22 22 CD 21781 3883 7 . . . 21781 3883 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3884 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3884 2 23 23 CD 21781 3884 3 . . . 21781 3885 1 -The -The NFP 21781 3885 2 Development development NN 21781 3885 3 of of IN 21781 3885 4 the the DT 21781 3885 5 Fowl Fowl NNP 21781 3885 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3885 7 . . . 21781 3886 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3886 2 1 1 CD 21781 3886 3 . . . 21781 3887 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3887 2 of of IN 21781 3887 3 the the DT 21781 3887 4 early early JJ 21781 3887 5 ovum ovum NN 21781 3887 6 . . . 21781 3888 1 The the DT 21781 3888 2 section section NN 21781 3888 3 below below RB 21781 3888 4 is be VBZ 21781 3888 5 a a DT 21781 3888 6 small small JJ 21781 3888 7 portion portion NN 21781 3888 8 of of IN 21781 3888 9 the the DT 21781 3888 10 blastodermic blastodermic NN 21781 3888 11 area area NN 21781 3888 12 . . . 21781 3889 1 b.d b.d NNP 21781 3889 2 . . NNP 21781 3889 3 , , , 21781 3889 4 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 21781 3889 5 . . . 21781 3890 1 y. y. NNP 21781 3890 2 , , , 21781 3890 3 the the DT 21781 3890 4 undivided undivided JJ 21781 3890 5 yolk yolk NN 21781 3890 6 . . . 21781 3891 1 s.c s.c NNP 21781 3891 2 . . NNP 21781 3891 3 , , , 21781 3891 4 the the DT 21781 3891 5 segmentation segmentation NN 21781 3891 6 between between IN 21781 3891 7 the the DT 21781 3891 8 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 21781 3891 9 and and CC 21781 3891 10 yolk yolk NNP 21781 3891 11 . . . 21781 3892 1 Compare Compare NNP 21781 3892 2 s.c s.c NNP 21781 3892 3 . . NNP 21781 3892 4 in in IN 21781 3892 5 { { -LRB- 21781 3892 6 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3892 7 } } -RRB- 21781 3892 8 22 22 CD 21781 3892 9 , , , 21781 3892 10 { { -LRB- 21781 3892 11 Figure figure NN 21781 3892 12 } } -RRB- 21781 3892 13 4 4 CD 21781 3892 14 . . . 21781 3893 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3893 2 2 2 CD 21781 3893 3 . . . 21781 3894 1 Area area NN 21781 3894 2 pellucida pellucida NN 21781 3894 3 about about IN 21781 3894 4 the the DT 21781 3894 5 sixteenth sixteenth JJ 21781 3894 6 hour hour NN 21781 3894 7 . . . 21781 3895 1 The the DT 21781 3895 2 figure figure NN 21781 3895 3 below below RB 21781 3895 4 is be VBZ 21781 3895 5 the the DT 21781 3895 6 central central JJ 21781 3895 7 part part NN 21781 3895 8 of of IN 21781 3895 9 the the DT 21781 3895 10 section section NN 21781 3895 11 indicated indicate VBN 21781 3895 12 by by IN 21781 3895 13 the the DT 21781 3895 14 transverse transverse JJ 21781 3895 15 line line NN 21781 3895 16 , , , 21781 3895 17 and and CC 21781 3895 18 showing show VBG 21781 3895 19 the the DT 21781 3895 20 primitive primitive JJ 21781 3895 21 streak streak NN 21781 3895 22 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3895 23 p.s p.s NNP 21781 3895 24 . . NNP 21781 3895 25 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3895 26 . . . 21781 3896 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3896 2 3 3 CD 21781 3896 3 . . . 21781 3897 1 Area area NN 21781 3897 2 pellucida pellucida NN 21781 3897 3 about about IN 21781 3897 4 the the DT 21781 3897 5 twenty twenty CD 21781 3897 6 - - HYPH 21781 3897 7 first first JJ 21781 3897 8 hour hour NN 21781 3897 9 . . . 21781 3898 1 Two two CD 21781 3898 2 sections section NNS 21781 3898 3 through through IN 21781 3898 4 a a DT 21781 3898 5 and and CC 21781 3898 6 b b NN 21781 3898 7 below below RB 21781 3898 8 . . . 21781 3899 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3899 2 4 4 CD 21781 3899 3 . . . 21781 3900 1 About about RB 21781 3900 2 the the DT 21781 3900 3 twenty twenty CD 21781 3900 4 - - HYPH 21781 3900 5 fifth fifth JJ 21781 3900 6 hour hour NN 21781 3900 7 ; ; : 21781 3900 8 surface surface NN 21781 3900 9 view view NN 21781 3900 10 ; ; , 21781 3900 11 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 21781 3900 12 section section NN 21781 3900 13 to to IN 21781 3900 14 right right JJ 21781 3900 15 and and CC 21781 3900 16 transverse transverse VB 21781 3900 17 above above RB 21781 3900 18 . . . 21781 3901 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3901 2 4b 4b CD 21781 3901 3 . . . 21781 3902 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 21781 3902 2 rendering rendering NN 21781 3902 3 of of IN 21781 3902 4 same same JJ 21781 3902 5 stage stage NN 21781 3902 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3902 7 compare compare VB 21781 3902 8 Figure figure NN 21781 3902 9 9 9 CD 21781 3902 10 of of IN 21781 3902 11 Frog Frog NNP 21781 3902 12 and and CC 21781 3902 13 9.ii 9.ii NNP 21781 3902 14 . . . 21781 3903 1 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 21781 3903 2 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3903 3 . . . 21781 3904 1 This this DT 21781 3904 2 will will MD 21781 3904 3 be be VB 21781 3904 4 most most RBS 21781 3904 5 clearly clearly RB 21781 3904 6 understood understand VBN 21781 3904 7 if if IN 21781 3904 8 the the DT 21781 3904 9 reader reader NN 21781 3904 10 look look NN 21781 3904 11 at at IN 21781 3904 12 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3904 13 22 22 CD 21781 3904 14 , , , 21781 3904 15 { { -LRB- 21781 3904 16 Figure figure NN 21781 3904 17 } } -RRB- 21781 3904 18 9 9 CD 21781 3904 19 , , , 21781 3904 20 and and CC 21781 3904 21 imagine imagine VB 21781 3904 22 Y. Y. NNP 21781 3904 23 enormously enormously RB 21781 3904 24 increased increase VBD 21781 3904 25 , , , 21781 3904 26 and and CC 21781 3904 27 the the DT 21781 3904 28 embryo embryo NN 21781 3904 29 sinking sink VBG 21781 3904 30 into into IN 21781 3904 31 it -PRON- PRP 21781 3904 32 . . . 21781 3905 1 Epiblast epiblast JJ 21781 3905 2 , , , 21781 3905 3 ep ep NNP 21781 3905 4 . . NNP 21781 3905 5 , , , 21781 3905 6 -line -line , 21781 3905 7 of of IN 21781 3905 8 dashes- dashes- NNP 21781 3905 9 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3905 10 black black JJ 21781 3905 11 line line NN 21781 3905 12 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3905 13 . . . 21781 3906 1 Mesoblast mesoblast NN 21781 3906 2 , , , 21781 3906 3 dotted dot VBN 21781 3906 4 . . . 21781 3907 1 Hypoblast hypoblast JJ 21781 3907 2 , , , 21781 3907 3 -black- -black- VB 21781 3907 4 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3907 5 line line NN 21781 3907 6 of of IN 21781 3907 7 dashes dashes NNP 21781 3907 8 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3907 9 . . . 21781 3908 1 pp pp NNP 21781 3908 2 . . NNP 21781 3908 3 , , , 21781 3908 4 the the DT 21781 3908 5 pleuro pleuro JJ 21781 3908 6 - - HYPH 21781 3908 7 peritoneal peritoneal JJ 21781 3908 8 cavity cavity NN 21781 3908 9 . . . 21781 3909 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3909 2 5 5 CD 21781 3909 3 and and CC 21781 3909 4 6 6 CD 21781 3909 5 illustrate illustrate NN 21781 3909 6 formation formation NN 21781 3909 7 of of IN 21781 3909 8 amnion amnion NN 21781 3909 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3909 10 a. a. NN 21781 3909 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3910 1 and and CC 21781 3910 2 allantois allantois NNP 21781 3910 3 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3910 4 all all RB 21781 3910 5 . . . 21781 3910 6 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3910 7 . . . 21781 3911 1 6 6 CD 21781 3911 2 is be VBZ 21781 3911 3 about about IN 21781 3911 4 the the DT 21781 3911 5 fourth fourth JJ 21781 3911 6 day day NN 21781 3911 7 . . . 21781 3912 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3912 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3912 3 : : : 21781 3912 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3912 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3912 6 23 23 CD 21781 3912 7 . . . 21781 3912 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3913 1 Sheet sheet NN 21781 3913 2 24 24 CD 21781 3913 3 . . . 21781 3914 1 -The -The NFP 21781 3914 2 Development development NN 21781 3914 3 of of IN 21781 3914 4 the the DT 21781 3914 5 Fowl Fowl NNP 21781 3914 6 _ _ NNP 21781 3914 7 . . . 21781 3915 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3915 2 1 1 CD 21781 3915 3 . . . 21781 3916 1 Chick Chick NNP 21781 3916 2 about about IN 21781 3916 3 the the DT 21781 3916 4 -fifth- -fifth- NN 21781 3916 5 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3916 6 third third NN 21781 3916 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3916 8 day day NN 21781 3916 9 . . . 21781 3917 1 At at IN 21781 3917 2 this this DT 21781 3917 3 stage stage NN 21781 3917 4 the the DT 21781 3917 5 chick chick NNP 21781 3917 6 lies lie VBZ 21781 3917 7 on on IN 21781 3917 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 21781 3917 9 left left JJ 21781 3917 10 side side NN 21781 3917 11 in in IN 21781 3917 12 the the DT 21781 3917 13 yolk yolk NN 21781 3917 14 . . . 21781 3918 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3918 2 For for IN 21781 3918 3 lettering letter VBG 21781 3918 4 of of IN 21781 3918 5 blood blood NN 21781 3918 6 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3918 7 , , , 21781 3918 8 see see VBP 21781 3918 9 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3918 10 7 7 CD 21781 3918 11 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3918 12 below below RB 21781 3918 13 . . . 21781 3918 14 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3919 1 i. i. NNP 21781 3919 2 , , , 21781 3919 3 the the DT 21781 3919 4 intestine intestine NN 21781 3919 5 . . . 21781 3920 1 u.v u.v NNP 21781 3920 2 . . NNP 21781 3920 3 , , , 21781 3920 4 the the DT 21781 3920 5 yolk yolk NN 21781 3920 6 sac sac NN 21781 3920 7 . . . 21781 3921 1 v.v v.v NNP 21781 3921 2 . . NNP 21781 3921 3 , , , 21781 3921 4 the the DT 21781 3921 5 vitelline vitelline NN 21781 3921 6 veins vein NNS 21781 3921 7 . . . 21781 3922 1 al al NNP 21781 3922 2 . . NNP 21781 3922 3 , , , 21781 3922 4 the the DT 21781 3922 5 allantois allantois NNP 21781 3922 6 . . . 21781 3923 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3923 2 2 2 CD 21781 3923 3 . . . 21781 3924 1 Chick Chick NNP 21781 3924 2 about about IN 21781 3924 3 sixth sixth JJ 21781 3924 4 day day NN 21781 3924 5 . . . 21781 3925 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3925 2 3 3 CD 21781 3925 3 . . . 21781 3926 1 Development development NN 21781 3926 2 of of IN 21781 3926 3 heart heart NN 21781 3926 4 . . . 21781 3927 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3927 2 4 4 CD 21781 3927 3 . . . 21781 3928 1 Development development NN 21781 3928 2 of of IN 21781 3928 3 the the DT 21781 3928 4 eye eye NN 21781 3928 5 . . . 21781 3929 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3929 2 5 5 CD 21781 3929 3 . . . 21781 3930 1 Chick Chick NNP 21781 3930 2 about about IN 21781 3930 3 the the DT 21781 3930 4 sixteenth sixteenth JJ 21781 3930 5 day day NN 21781 3930 6 . . . 21781 3931 1 A.M. A.M. NNP 21781 3931 2 is be VBZ 21781 3931 3 the the DT 21781 3931 4 amnion amnion NN 21781 3931 5 surrounding surround VBG 21781 3931 6 the the DT 21781 3931 7 embryo embryo NN 21781 3931 8 . . . 21781 3932 1 Note note VB 21781 3932 2 particularly particularly RB 21781 3932 3 how how WRB 21781 3932 4 the the DT 21781 3932 5 allantois allantois NNP 21781 3932 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3932 7 al al NNP 21781 3932 8 . . . 21781 3932 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3933 1 has have VBZ 21781 3933 2 spread spread VBN 21781 3933 3 over over IN 21781 3933 4 surface surface NN 21781 3933 5 of of IN 21781 3933 6 shell shell NN 21781 3933 7 and and CC 21781 3933 8 how how WRB 21781 3933 9 the the DT 21781 3933 10 yolk yolk NN 21781 3933 11 sac sac NN 21781 3933 12 is be VBZ 21781 3933 13 shrivelled shrivel VBN 21781 3933 14 . . . 21781 3934 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3934 2 6 6 CD 21781 3934 3 . . . 21781 3935 1 Figures figure NNS 21781 3935 2 to to TO 21781 3935 3 illustrate illustrate VB 21781 3935 4 the the DT 21781 3935 5 relative relative JJ 21781 3935 6 function function NN 21781 3935 7 and and CC 21781 3935 8 importance importance NN 21781 3935 9 of of IN 21781 3935 10 allantois allantois NNP 21781 3935 11 and and CC 21781 3935 12 yolk yolk NNP 21781 3935 13 sac sac NN 21781 3935 14 in in IN 21781 3935 15 bird bird NN 21781 3935 16 and and CC 21781 3935 17 mammal mammal NN 21781 3935 18 . . . 21781 3936 1 In in IN 21781 3936 2 the the DT 21781 3936 3 fowl fowl NN 21781 3936 4 , , , 21781 3936 5 however however RB 21781 3936 6 , , , 21781 3936 7 the the DT 21781 3936 8 blood blood NN 21781 3936 9 - - HYPH 21781 3936 10 vessels vessel NNS 21781 3936 11 of of IN 21781 3936 12 the the DT 21781 3936 13 allantois allantois NN 21781 3936 14 also also RB 21781 3936 15 probably probably RB 21781 3936 16 absorb absorb VBP 21781 3936 17 the the DT 21781 3936 18 albumen albuman NNS 21781 3936 19 of of IN 21781 3936 20 the the DT 21781 3936 21 egg egg NN 21781 3936 22 , , , 21781 3936 23 and and CC 21781 3936 24 may may MD 21781 3936 25 excrete excrete VB 21781 3936 26 urea urea NNP 21781 3936 27 into into IN 21781 3936 28 the the DT 21781 3936 29 egg egg NN 21781 3936 30 - - HYPH 21781 3936 31 space space NN 21781 3936 32 . . . 21781 3937 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3937 2 7 7 CD 21781 3937 3 . . . 21781 3938 1 Simplified simplified JJ 21781 3938 2 figure figure NN 21781 3938 3 of of IN 21781 3938 4 the the DT 21781 3938 5 embryonic embryonic JJ 21781 3938 6 circulation circulation NN 21781 3938 7 , , , 21781 3938 8 for for IN 21781 3938 9 comparison comparison NN 21781 3938 10 with with IN 21781 3938 11 the the DT 21781 3938 12 similar similar JJ 21781 3938 13 figures figure NNS 21781 3938 14 annexed annex VBN 21781 3938 15 to to IN 21781 3938 16 Dog Dog NNP 21781 3938 17 - - HYPH 21781 3938 18 Fish Fish NNP 21781 3938 19 and and CC 21781 3938 20 Rabbit Rabbit NNP 21781 3938 21 . . . 21781 3939 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3939 2 Lines line NNS 21781 3939 3 from from IN 21781 3939 4 Second Second NNP 21781 3939 5 Edition Edition NNP 21781 3939 6 only only RB 21781 3939 7 . . . 21781 3939 8 } } -RRB- 21781 3940 1 [ [ -LRB- 21781 3940 2 A.C. A.C. NNP 21781 3940 3 , , , 21781 3940 4 anterior anterior NNP 21781 3940 5 cardinal cardinal NN 21781 3940 6 . . . 21781 3941 1 Ao Ao NNP 21781 3941 2 . . NNP 21781 3941 3 , , , 21781 3941 4 Aorta Aorta NNP 21781 3941 5 . . . 21781 3942 1 Br4 Br4 NNP 21781 3942 2 , , , 21781 3942 3 sixth sixth JJ 21781 3942 4 aortis aortis NN 21781 3942 5 arch arch NNP 21781 3942 6 ( ( -LRB- 21781 3942 7 fourth fourth NNP 21781 3942 8 branchial branchial NNP 21781 3942 9 ) ) -RRB- 21781 3942 10 . . . 21781 3943 1 C.S. C.S. NNP 21781 3944 1 Cuvierian cuvierian JJ 21781 3944 2 sinus sinus NN 21781 3944 3 . . . 21781 3945 1 H. H. NNP 21781 3945 2 , , , 21781 3945 3 the the DT 21781 3945 4 heart heart NN 21781 3945 5 . . . 21781 3946 1 I.C. I.C. NNP 21781 3946 2 , , , 21781 3946 3 inferior inferior JJ 21781 3946 4 cava cava NN 21781 3946 5 . . . 21781 3947 1 P.C. P.C. NNP 21781 3947 2 , , , 21781 3947 3 posterior posterior NNP 21781 3947 4 cardinal cardinal JJ 21781 3947 5 vein vein NN 21781 3947 6 . . . 21781 3948 1 Tr Tr NNP 21781 3948 2 . . NNP 21781 3948 3 A. A. NNP 21781 3948 4 , , , 21781 3948 5 truncus truncus JJ 21781 3948 6 arteriosus arteriosus NNP 21781 3948 7 . . . 21781 3949 1 v.v v.v NNP 21781 3949 2 . . NNP 21781 3949 3 , , , 21781 3949 4 vitelline vitelline NNP 21781 3949 5 vein vein NNP 21781 3949 6 . . . 21781 3949 7 ] ] -RRB- 21781 3950 1 Figure figure NN 21781 3950 2 8 8 CD 21781 3950 3 . . . 21781 3951 1 Chick Chick NNP 21781 3951 2 on on IN 21781 3951 3 the the DT 21781 3951 4 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 21781 3951 5 day day NN 21781 3951 6 . . . 21781 3952 1 { { -LRB- 21781 3952 2 Illustration illustration NN 21781 3952 3 : : : 21781 3952 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 21781 3952 5 Sheet Sheet NNP 21781 3952 6 24 24 CD 21781 3952 7 . . . 21781 3952 8 } } -RRB-