A triall of our church-forsakers. Or A meditation tending to still the passions of unquiet Brownists, upon Heb.10.25 Wherein is iustified, against them, that the blessed Church of England 1 Is a true Church. 2 Hath a true ministry. 3 Hath a true worship. By Robert Abbot ... Abbot, Robert, 1588?-1662? 1639 Approx. 450 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 143 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A19569 STC 60 ESTC S100380 99836222 99836222 480 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A19569) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 480) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English Books, 1475-1640 ; 947:03) A triall of our church-forsakers. Or A meditation tending to still the passions of unquiet Brownists, upon Heb.10.25 Wherein is iustified, against them, that the blessed Church of England 1 Is a true Church. 2 Hath a true ministry. 3 Hath a true worship. By Robert Abbot ... Abbot, Robert, 1588?-1662? [32], 223, 222-249, [5] p. Printed by Thomas Payne for Philemon Stephens and Christopher Meredith, and are to be sould at their shoppe at the signe of the Golden Lyon in Saint Pauls Church-yard, London : 1639. With a final imprimatur leaf. The first leaf and last leaf are blank. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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OR A MEDITATION TENDING TO STILL THE passions of unquiet Brownists , upon Heb. 10.25 . Wherein is Iustified , against them , that the blessed Church of England 1 Is a true Church . 2 Hath a true Ministry . 3 Hath a true Worship . By ROBERT ABBOT , Vicar of Cranbrooke in Kent . Mat. 11.19 . Wisedome is Justified of her Children . Hosea 2.1 . Say to your brethren Ammi ; and to your sisters , Ruhamah . LONDON , Printed by Thomas Payne for Philemon Stephens and Christopher Meredith , and are to be sould at their shoppe at the signe of the Golden Lyon in Saint Pauls Church-yard . 1639. REverendo in Christo Patri ac Domino , Domino Gualtero Episcopo Wintoniensi , serenissimae Majestati ab Eleemosynis , Aureae Periscelidis Praesuli Clarissimo , Domino suo intimè observando , Robertus Abbott librum hunc , quo Celebritas Anglicanae Ecclesiae , ministerij , & cultus , asseritur , & qui Ecclesiae matri , ut pacifici amoris pignus dicatur , ad perpetuam observantiae Justae memoriam , ut magno in eadem Ecclesia Patri , ejusdemque causae Patrono , humiliter dat , & consecrat . TO MY DEARE MOTHER THE MVCH HONORED , HOLY , AND BLESSED CHVRCH of ENGLAND . DEare and blessed Mother ) thou hast been long pestered with undutifull , yea unnaturall sons . Sometimes they have beene superstitious , sometimes prophane , and for some yeares , some that have professed themselves best to God , have beene undutifull to thee . It is an ill signe , if children acknowledge a father , and deny a mother , that all hath not beene well Doest thou live in perpetuall adulteries and rebellions that thy children renounce thee ? Surely thy love is to thy husband alone . Though when thy husband knowes of it , and hee doth not mislike it , nay , gives thee generall allowance , thou takest some ornaments and Iewels from blessed and good men ▪ yet is thy heart to Christ continually , yea and all thy carriages are according to his will. Many of thy worthy sonnes have vindicated this truth both against Rhemes , and Amsterdame . They could not indure that their mother should be called whore , much lesse prooved so . Amongst the rest , I thy unworthy sonne have appeared in thy cause , renouncing all the bloud in my heart that riseth against Christ , and thee his spouse . If I appeare of too mild a temper , thou hast not begotten me of murthering mettle , but of that word which makes us turne speares , and swords into mattocks and sythes . How soever I look , I am sure I am thy child . And if I have done thee any honour in this poore service , I am glad : if not , yet I have done the best that I thought fit for these opposers ; and so with my humble prayers for the flourishing , and increase of thy peace and truth , I kisse thy hand , and rest Thy obedient sonne to his utmost power , ROBERT ABBOT . TO THE COVRTEOVS AND CHRISTIAN READERS , ESPECIALLY TO HIS OWNE Parishioners , grace , and truth , and peace , with the Churches of God in CHRIST . DEarely beloved ) I have lived now by Gods gratious dispensation , above fifty yeares ; and in the place of my allotment two and twenty full . How unprofitably so ever in the dayes of my vanity , when the world , the flesh , and the Devill , bore sway ; yet , through undeserved grace , painefully , ever since the weight of a peoples care was noticed to my conscience . I have had great labours , some watchings , many strifes , and contentions , with my selfe , and others , about truth , and godlinesse . And though I have earnestly contended that the mouth of the oxe might not be muzled , that treadeth out the corne , but that J , and others of Gods labourers , ●ight live honorable of the gospell , and at the Altar , at which we serve , as Christ hath ordained : yet ( with a good conscience ) I can say as the Apostle , I have coveted no mans gold , or silver , or apparrell : I have loved , and desired to spend , and to be spent , though the more I love , the lesse I am loved of some few I know that J must lay downe this tabernacle , and the time of my dissolution is not farre off . Therefore doe I more seriously beginne to thinke of my state : and doe set upon it to examine how I am like to be presented before the tribunall seate of God. Whē I thinke of my sinnes , and manifold infirmities I feare & quake , through the sight of the maiesty purity and iustice of God : but when I think of Christ the mediator of the new testament , and of the infinite value of his bloud offered in the dearenesse of Gods love , and applyed & rested on by faith , which the holy Ghost in a saving measure hath given me ; I approach with confidence and the lifting up of my head . But , till that time come I lie under the expectation of flouds of sorrowes , streames of temptations , and other humane infirmities . I pray that J may doe nothing that may dishonour Christ my master , and that I may suffer nothing that may drive me from him and his service . J know that the wasters of grace are strong , and many , and that no goodnesse is entayled to us without great care and vigilancy . I know that sinnes and afflictions are the two great enemies of perseverance . And though sinne be the most powerfull , which yet ( through grace ) I have learned to trample upon with the constant acts of piety and charity , according to my measure , yet afflictions are my next care , which if they bee slighted , will make secret inrodes to hind●r peace with God My afflictions have not beene so weighty as millions of Gods deare saints have felt . In this Gods grace hath beene marvellous , because hee knowes my weakenesse to beare , and my unworthinesse to bee a souldier in that warfare : yet have they not beene so little , as that they have not made me work enough . It is grievous to bee slighted of them whom a man dearely loves and to have contempt powred upon that which comes in fulnesse of strength , and tendernesse of affection to doe good . Jt is hard not once scarce to be thanked , for constant travels to edifie and save soules . It is something to see respects fly abroad in full measure to strangers , when nearer relations are forgotten . But to bee persecuted by the tongues of those a man deserves well of , and to be privily smitten of those from whom best incouragements are due , will wound the heart of a David though he be after Gods owne heart . J have of long suffered words of diminution and disparagement . They have beene my meate , drinke , and cloathing . Though when I have beene downe the wind of weakenes , feeblenesse of spirit ha●● given advantage for a deepe impression , yet ( blessed be God ) as strength hath appeared I have kicked at them with chearefulnesse , though pride and folly hath sometimes misinterpreted this also . I have often looked into the cause . Lord , what have I done ? Have I not lived like thy servant , though with much sensible weakenesse ? have I not laboured in thy vineyard with all my strength ? have J not taught thy truth by taking heede to reading and doctrine ? yes surely , saith my conscience I have kept back none of thy counsell , I have not strengthened the hands of wickednesse . I have loved the godly , as such , though I have hated their indiscretions , as well as my owne . J have been kinde and courteous to those that have ill rewarded me . Onely , this is the truth , J have loved the Church of God amongst us , and the whole governement ecclesiasticall , and temporall If any thing have appeared harsh , I have excused it a● I was bound . I have not indured to heare publike scandalls to bee layed upon them . I have opposed gainesayers with earnestnesse of spirit , others will say , like a man , but J will say , and J am sure , like a minister . This hath fallen upon darke melancholick , high lookt , and sowre natures , and so hath suffered a disgust . Some have beene sowred , but sweetned againe with the trade of the good word of God , and the practise of affability . Some have beene estranged till this contracted folly hath beene digested . Some have complayned of chiding , when my nature can chide nothing but sinne and disorder : and some have hardned themselves in error , and schisme . To crosse me ( I feare ) and my tenets for the Church , they have revenged upon themselves . What these few will gaine in the issue I doe not know . This ( I doubt ) that they will repent , if greatnesse of stomack will let them looke backe againe , when it is too late . But for you ( my good people ) in whose hearts God hath writ mee by the preaching of Christ , and his truth , ye have not so runne in vaine . Ye will not be deluded with their pretences and sweet words . Yee have heard formerly from me all these grounds , and oppositions of Brownisme , which here J present unto you : and here have J thus addressed them for you , that they may keepe you from that snare of simple ones , and that they may ever lie by you , when J am dead , and with my Christ , to keepe you upright in the waies of our blessed Church . I know that some of you beare a deare and tender affection to these few seduced ones , though now they will not heare you . Ye have lived in the same Church together like friends : ye have delighted in the same word of God , prayer , and sacraments : yee have sweetly comforted one another in the private communion of Saints : and ye see that still they seeme to live unblameable lives towards men , and that they pretend to delight still in the word of Christ , which is the onely rule of salvation . These things will give great advantage to them to worke upon you , and to you to keepe intimate familiarity with them . But ( in the feare of God I beseech you ) take heede : weigh well what in this discourse J say , and God give you understanding in all things . Jt is no small charge to unchurch a church , to unminister a ministery , and to unworship a worship . They must be sure of their hands , that they can , and will answer it to Christ with confidence when they have done it . To doe it with a trembling heart , is to doe it against conscience . To doe it with full assurance of understanding , is to doe it with sure warrants , and precepts of Christ . If they have such against our Church , I am sure we shall finde them : if not let them goe , if they will , but follow not them in the breach . To keepe you out of it , I have done as J doe : and to gaine them too , if they will not bee resolved without grounds . J am sure they shall have no iust cause to except against my dealing with them . They may except against me , as an English Priest , and Bishops creature , as I heare , but shall never against my course with them . I have dealt with them with matter more then with words : and because they pretend to two things , to the scriptures , and to conscience , and I know a third thing in them , weakenesse . Therefore have J dealt with them accordingly . J have compared scripture with scripture , to finde out the truth , but cannot finde theirs . I have dealt conscionably with them in fighting with that onely weapon against them , of their owne choosing , the word of Christ . And because they are weake , I have not shewed my selfe a man in giving them any bitter language , or exasperating termes . As the barking of one dogge begets the barking of another , though it bee against the Moone : so is it with high words , and therefore it were glorious , and above a man , if it were layed downe on all sides , and partakings . But as the waves of the sea , when they meete not with a rocke , but with the sands , they returne backe-againe with a watery flash : so have J done by them , that all our matters may be done in love . Indeede I have taken their affected name out of their mouthes , separatists ; and given their right one unto them , Brownists ; and this J have done out of conscience . I finde by experience that the word , Separation , doth winne to their cause : For , when people of strong affections , and weaker Iudgements , doe reade of the necessity of separation in the scriptures ; and can not discerne how we have made separation from heathenisme , and when we have beene thrust out of Rome ( because wee were unwilling to bee so bad as shee ) have maintayned our just standing from her in a divided way ; they have beene willing to hearken to a separating plott . Therefore Browne being the leader amongst us , to this breach , ( if now time hath not made it worse then he intended it ) J can not nickname , but inconscience call the childe after the fathers name . Jt was Christs course , ye are of your father the Devill , his children ye are , and so must I. Jt is true also , that afterwards , yee may finde some opinions gone against , that are held by some that keepe Communion with our Church , as of a true Church . But I am sure they are the Brownists opinions also , to whom I speake . All that I can say therefore for that , is this . Jt may bee , that some of you know , or have heard of that Noble Moralizers fable of Amphiolus , who when hee was in all his military accoutraments to give combate ( as hee thought ) to Argalus a Knight of the Sunne . This mans wife dressed her selfe in her husbands armour , and gave her husbands enemy meeting . Amphiolus encounters valiantly , gave a wound in the necke , closeth , overthrowes , and gives a mortall wound in the body . But when hee opened the armour , viewes his Conquest , and saw it was faire Parthenia , Argalus his wife , he could have no comfort of the day , it became not a man so to ruine a woman . Such is my case heere . J say as a father of old , I dare not write against a Bishop of my communion ; the love of brotherly peace is glorious in the Church , even among men that otherwise differ in opinion . But if they put on the armes of an enemy , ( because they will bee so ) with whom I fight for truth , I cannot helpe it , if they meete with a blow , though I glory not in it , yea am sorry that there should be any such cause . I have now done , and commend you all to the word of Gods grace which is able to save your soules , though no Bownist , nor Anabaptist had ever beene hatched . Live in peace , and the God of peace shall bee with you . Give not way to any opinion whereby the unity of spirit , and the bond of love may be broken . Play the men , be strong and of a good courage . Have prepared hearts to dye for Christs cause : but , to bee sticklers in such poore quarrels , as can neither bring peace to the Church , nor comfort to you at last , abhorre . Wee must all appeare before the Iudgement seate of God , where colours shall doe us no good , because we shall be iudged naked : where pretences shall doe us no good , because the bookes shall bee opened : and where no authors or favourers of Sects , or Schismes shall shelter us , because we must stand before the man Christ Iesus : to whom I ever leave you , and in whose name ye shall have the prayers of Yours to be used in the service of the Gospel ROBERT ABBOT . The Contents of this Meditation is thus summed up . In Section 1. The state of Christians and their care to keepe it . Section 2. The way to keepe a Christian state is publick communion in assemblies . Section 3. The vice of those that forsake publick communion : and first of the prophane . Section 4. The forsakers of our assemblies that would be accounted holy ; and first of their name of Iustice , Brownists , which is due to them . Section 5. Of that name they would have , Separatists , and how unjustly it is expected and assumed by them . Section 6. Of the Brownists opinions upon which they forsake our Church : and first whether we be a true Church . Section 7. Of their first exception against us , about the nature of a visible Church . Section 8. Of their second exception against us , about our enterance into a true Church , where of their covenant . Section 9. A question by the way ( because some of them question it ) about baptizing of Bastards of impenitent Christians . Section 10. Of their third exception against us , about the head of our Church , Christ , and the King under him . Section 11. Of their fourth exception against us about the members of our Church ; where is debated of wicked professors comming to the Lords table . Section 12. Of their last exception against our Church about the government of it : and first of the power of Governement , whether in the whole assembly . Section 13. Of their exceptions against the persons governing , Bishops , and the exercise of their goverment , in ordination , excommunication , imposing oathes . Section 14. Of their second opinion upon which they separate from us : because wee have not a true ministery , where of ordeyners , titles , callings , infirmities , and maintenance . Section 15. Of their last opinion upon which they separate from us ; because wee have not a true worship : where of Ceremonies of order , and significant , and of stinted prayers . Section 16. Of their maine exception in their former argument , to witt , our common prayer booke : where of the order of divine service , and their exceptions against kneeling , Crosse , and responses or answers in Baptisme . Section 17. Of the use that is to bee made of all good assemblies : to learne consideration , and exhortation , because the day is approaching , which is applied to our foasakers . A Postscript . GOod Reader , there are two texts of scripture whereupon the Brownists do build their frame , besides many other in particular questions . These thou shalt finde cleared ( as I judge in conscience ) in most Sections , as thou goest along . These are 1 Cor. 6.17 . whereupon they ground their separation ; and Mat. 18.15 , 16 , 17 , 18. 1 Cor. 5. whereupon they ground the new Parish discipline . Thou shalt finde these cleared Section 5. and 12. But before thou readest , I would intreate thee to correct the errours of the presse , printed at the latter end of the booke : and then learne with me , or learne me . A TRIALL OF OVR CHVRCH FORSAKERS OR A meditation to still the passions of unquiet Brownists , upon Heb. 10.25 . Not forsaking the assembling of our selves together , as the manner of some is , but exhorting one another : and so much the more as yee see the day approaching . SECTION I. The estate of Christians and their care to keepe it , THe better our estate is , the more wee must labour to keepe it . A poore man takes no great thought for iron bolts and barres : a wooden latch , a pin serves his turne , and yet hee sleepes securely . A rich man , whose treasure is great , and whose heart is nailed to it , hath lockes , bolts , and barres of strongest assurance . Thus must it be with a Christian He is not now in a beggerly estate he is crowned with loving kindnesses and tender mercies unspeakable . He hath liberty to enter into heaven : hee hath a way made to leade him thither : and he hath an able guide for his conduct . The holiest is set before him . His liberty to enter is purchased by the bloud of Iesus . His way thither is Christs flesh , consecrated by the fulnesse of the God-head dwelling in him bodily . His guide is the high-priest over the house of God , Christ the Lord , Christ alone purchased this liberty he alone is this way , by the marriage of our flesh : hee alone is this guide who hath authority over the house of God , and cannot bee defeated . His liberty is of the surest tenure , by purchase with the bloud of the sonne of God. His way is of the firmest sooting , surest foundation , and best making , by Christ himself . And his guide is truth it selfe , one that cannot deceive , even our Iesus Christ who is all and in all . What therefore should hee now doe ▪ Let them get an estate in meanes offered which may present to God this coate o● armes . A field of heavenly truth , and sincerity ( the royallest in Gods eies ) , charged with a cleane washed body , opened , for all the world to looke upon . In the midst , an heart sprinckled from an ill conscience , breathing out by degrees , a full assurance of faith . And because he is a souldier , and many enemies will assault his colours , to win them , that he may never give them againe ; let him not only have such christian armes , but hold fast the profession of his faith , without wavering , that he doe not loose his crowne , and honour with Christ . But , Lord , how hard is this ? The Christian is weak , and his enemies many & mighty . It is true therefore let him be strong in the Lord , and run to such meanes as God hath appointed , who knowes best how to give , and how to guard all his graces given . And what meanes are they ? The publike and private communion of Saints , mentioned in these words . The publicke is , not to forsake the assembling of our selves together . The private is , upon due consideration of our selves to exhort one another . These will make the christian keepe his ground , not loose his colours , not quit the field , but overcome in living , and bee more then Conquerours in dying . The words ( without curiosity ) present these three parts unto you . First , the vertue of some Christians , or rather the act of it . Secondly , the vice of others , or rather the act of many vices : and thirdly , the use to be made of eschewing the one , and following the other . The act of vertue in all Christians , who would keep what they have , is , m●n to forsake the assembling of our selves together : to keep publick communion of saints in the acts of religion and worship . The act of vices in some Christians , who have no care to keepe what they have , or a vicious care to get something worse ; is , to forsake the assemblies , though the division of Reuben make great thoughts of heart . The use that is to be made of flying the vices of these , and following the vertue of the others , is , to gaine ability from sound judgment , and due consideration , to exhort one another ; which hee sets on with a motive ; because the day is approaching , in which all must give accounts according to receits . Thus have yee seene in a word , that a christian hath a rich and precious estate : that God is willing he should keep it to bring him to heaven : that it is possible for him to doe so in Gods way : that this way is here set downe ; and therefore further follow it with me to Gods glory , and your good . SECT . 2. The way to keepe a Christian state is publick communion . TO speake first of the act of vertue of all good christians . If they would draw neere to heaven , and stand fast there , they must not forsake the assemblings of our selves together : they must love church assemblies , and the publicke fellowship of the saints : in a word , they that are good , and would be better , must choose to bee where Gods people are in publicke service for the common faith , and our common salvation . All the best saints and people of God have been ever for this . They have loved , and delighted to pray , reade , meditate , and conferre in private : but were most glad when others would say unto them , let us go into the house of the Lord. They mourned when they could not go with the throng of them , that went to the house of God , with the voice of joy and praise to keepe holy day . Yea , they accounted a day in his courts better then a thousand , and had rather bee doorekeepers in the house of God , then to dwel in the tents of ungodlinesse . Not onely they under the law were for it ( when yet Gods blessings were in drops to ours in pouring showres ) : but as it was prophecied , that , in the daies of Christ , christians should say , come let us goe up to the mountaine of the Lord , to the house of the God of Iacob ; so was it fulfilled by the first converted Jewes and Gentiles , as wee see in the history of the Acts. Yea , in the hardest times , and dayes of persecution , when goods , liberties , and lives , lay at the stake , how readily did they deprive themselves of naturall comforts for spiritual ? To the caves and holes of the earth , to stinking mines , and pits , to woods and dens would they flock ( when they had no places authorised for assemblings ) to perform their devotions , and publick worships . This hath beene ever the glorious practise of Gods people : and we cannot wonder at it , when wee consider , the presence in our assemblies , and the benefit that ariseth from them . First in our assemblies are Gods people , Gods Angels , Gods ordinances , and God himselfe . There are Gods people , who have respect due unto them from the greatest Princes in the world . Paul speaking to all sorts of Christians , saith , submit your selves one unto another in the feare of the Lord : and there is a double submission , of Reverence , of Service . By the first , all inferiours must submit themselves to their elders , and to every ordinance of man for the Lords sake . By the second , even the highest must submit to the lowest for good . Thus Peter hath it , bee subject one to another : and that ye may not be hindered , hee cloathed with humility . Thus Esay prophecied , Kings and Queenes shall bow down to the church , with their faces to the earth , and shal lick up the dust of her feete . Not by a subjection of reverence , as if they must be underlings to the censures of that particular congregation whereof they are ( as Brownists would have it , whereof hereafter ) : but by a subjection of service , when they use their crownes and dignities for the honour and advancement of religion , as every good king doth . For they must not despise one of Christs little ones : but with many people and strong nations seek the Lord , and take hold of the skirt of him that is a Iew ( that is a religious person ) saying , we will go with you , for we have heard the Lord is with you ; there are the Angels also . This was figured in the curtaines of the Tabernacle , where Cherubims were wrought of cunning worke : and in the walls of the temple , where were carved the carvings of Cherubims : yea , this also hath been taught by the Apostle ; who would have women to have power on their heads , ( that is , a vaile , as a significant ceremony of subjection to the man , among the Corinthians ) because of the Angels , who are their guardians , and there more especially , present with them . There are with Gods people , and angels Gods ordinances also , both the word , prayer , and sacraments . The word to bee a seed of immortality , and a word of life : praier to powre out our soules , that God and all grace may have roome enough to dwell in them : and the sacraments , to be the seales of the righteousnesse of faith , and so , the buckets of heaven to convey grace by Gods assistance , and covenant , to the worthy receivers . Lastly , there is with Gods people , angels , and ordinances , God himselfe . For though wee cannot limit him to temples made with hands : yet Christ having promised to be with his Apostles alwaies to the end of the world ( which therefore must be enlarged to their successours when they were dead : ) and he having presented himselfe in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks : and lastly , having covenanted for his word and spirits going together : therefore certainely hee is ( by way of special favour ) in the assemblings of his people . If to the Jewes , much more to us : because the ministration of the spirit is much more glorious . Lay now this together , that in our assemblings there are Gods people , Gods Angels , Gods ordinances , and God himselfe and yee cannot wonder that the good have chosen to dwel in publick assemblies , if it might be , for ever . Secondly , in our assemblies all things are for benefit : every thing is edifiable . And if our hearts were in tune , and our heads full of the expectation of Gods spirituall blessings in heavenly things in Christ , how might the kingdome of sinne and Satan fall downe like lightning , as the walls of Iericho at the sound of those rams-hornes of old , when we are in publicke worship . There yee have not onely the spirit promised , which will lead you into all saving truth , convince , convert , and comfort you , till yee are of full stature in Christ : but yee have many hands to help you in confession , supplication , deprecation , intercession , and giving of thankes . There ye have many encouragements to hold on in the way of Christ . There is the word to promise , sacraments to confirme , prayer to procure , and many of Gods people to give you the right hand of fellowship till you come to your journeyes end . The first step to apostacy is the neglect of publick assemblies . As a man that hath an inclination to take wicked courses , withdrawes himselfe from good company ( as Iudas when he went out from Christ and his disciples , and yoaked with the high-priest and elders ) so , if a man encline to warp , hee declines the assemblies of Gods people , as one wearie of such a course . But if hee stick unto them , his hands are strengthened to hold God fast , by the word of precept , promise , and correction ; by the sacraments , wherein a bargaine is strook betweene God and us , by the prayers of our selves and others , which bring God neere to helpe ; and by the examples of others , which have a compelling vertue to good , as well as ill . When therefore yee consider this bundle of profit , yee cannot wonder that Gods people have so constantly tyed themselves to watch at the gate , and wait at the postes of the doores , where publicke worship hath beene prepared . Oh that all Gods people that ate good and would be better , would lay these things to heart , and not forsake our assembling together ! God workes by these meanes , and if wee forsake them , wee forsake the hands of the God of strength , which are in them stirred up to come and help us . Forsake church assemblies and yee turne your backes upon Gods face , angels , saints , and comforting acts of worship . Forsake church assemblies and ye sad the hearts of Gods people , strengthen the hands of wickednesse , and shew no reverence to worship . Forsake church-assemblies , and yee let loose thousand of temptations upon you against faith and manners : the Devill will take you upon his owne ground . You wil say ( happily ) that great presence ▪ and profit is talked of , but ye see none , nor feele any upon you . It maybe so , yet without the fault of our assemblies , and with the fault of none but your unworthy selves . Take therfore this advice in Gods feare , and speed better hereafter . First , come with prepared hearts , that is , hearts unloaded of the guilt of wilfull sins : hearts standing in awe of Gods presence , and worshipping in feare : and hearts sincerely purposing to bee better . Yee know Gods advice , lay apart all filthinesse and superfluity of naughtinesse , and receive with meeknesse the ingraffed word which is able to save your souls . Ye know Peters proposition , now are we all here present before God , to heare all things that are commanded thee of God : and Daevids practise . In thy feare wil I worship towards thy holy temple . Ye know the prophecy that went of you of old , and Davids resolution , to keepe the law , yea , to observe it with his whole heart , according to grace given . Do but you thus , and yee shall find presence and profit . Secondly , bring an humble soule along with you to God house . If God doe meete with you in our assemblies , hee acknowledgeth a Publican , before a Pharisee : hee calls no man Benjamin , the sonne of his right hand , but those whom their owne hearts call Benoni , in their humility : hee salutes them not Naomi , beautifull , who doe not humbly feele themselves Marah , bitter . The humble God wil teach , and the humbled God will lift up : for he fills the hungry with good things . Bring but such senses , and yee shall see presence and profit . But if yee bee swift to heare , and not slow to speak , slow to wrath , God sends such rich ones emptie away , and casts such mighty ones from their thrones . Thirdly , carry your hearts along thorough the whole service . Loose your hearts , and loose your comforts in any thing ye do . It was sweetly sung of old , rejoyce the soule of thy servant , for unto thee doe I lift up my soule . Let that plummet runne downe to the ground , and the wheeles of your actions will not runne to your content . Therefore , do but you come with prepared hearts , humbled soules , and binde your hearts for hearty service in the whole , and then the presence in our assemblies shall bee for you , and the profit for you too , as well as for others , who are thus vertuous , as not to forsake our assemblings together . SECT . 3. The vice of those that forsake publick Communion . 1 ▪ of the prophane . ALl that can be said , will not prevaile with all . There are so many vices to overwhelm that , as it was of old , so is it stil , it is the manner of some to forsake our assemblings together . The Apostle saw it of old , and laboured against it as an enemy to perseverance in the unity of faith and manners , we see it stil and must labour against this act of many vices . I le speake ( thorough Gods helpe ) but of two sorts of persons , too neere unto us , who give themselves unto this fault : the first are prophane , the second would be accounted truely religious . The prophane shew themselves by foure degrees of forsaking our assemblies . The first , is coming to our assemmblies like those that are unwilling . These that doe so are not altogether withdrawn in body , but in heart are too farre from us . The godly say , let us go speedily and pray before the Lord : they are like the Isles that wait for the law ; because they are willing people . But they come as if they were in fetters , and bolts , like Zachariahs women pressed into an Epha with a talent of lead . Lord , how slow is their pace , as if it were to the jaile , or Bridewel . The second is , loving to be any where , rather then in the assembly . Surely , when any act this , though sometimes they come , yet they forsake apace . Gods people cannot rejoyce in such commers , when God told Ezekiel that hee should goe to a rebellious people that were unwilling to submit , hee went in bitternesse and indignation of spirit . Such needes must be the movings of the heart of the assembly about such commers . These thinke not that they should come to doe homage to God , as David presseth , give , give , unto the Lord , glory strength , worship due unto his name . They thinke not , that hee that despiseth the ministery done in assemblies , despiseth not man , but Christ : therefore they love any meetings rather then them . They account church-assemblies rather matters of complement , then necessitie . They need no soule reparations , so their bodies bee fat , and well-liking . Wee read of one Victorinus of old , who would bee a Christian , but frequented not christian assemblies . But godly Simplicianus met him , and thus saluted him , I will not reckon thee among Christians , unlesse I see thee in the church among them . Let these men take home this judgement , and see how they can digest it . The third degree , is preferring private before publicke worship . If they can say they read , & pray at home ( though they reade but their owne indictment , and pray for their owne punishment in the neglect of Gods rule in assembling ) they think all is well , and conscience is wel enough satisfied . But these are enemies to the honor of God , to their owne good , and to the good of others . God is most honoured in the service of assemblies : therefore David vowed to give thanks to God in a great congregation ▪ He knew that this advanced Gods honour most . Our owne good surely shall be greater in assemblies : the Lord loves the gates of Sion ( where publick worship was ) more then all the dwellings of Iudah ; and certainely where his love is , there are best meanes for our good . Besides , wee come to seek that which is lost , or ready to dye : and when many seeke there is more hope of finding . Therfore when God was turned away from favour , the people were appointed to blow the trumpet in Sion , to gather together , that they might be more successeful . Lastly , the profit of others by our examples will be more conspicuous in assemblies : our light will there best shine before men . For this end was Solamons brazen scaffold in the midst of the court : and Ioash stood by the pillar as the manner was . It is true , that others examples in doing worse must not weaken us in doing better . Though Israel play the harlot , yet let not Iudah sin : we must not follow a multitude to do evill , much lesse must ye follow some . Examples are not the rule which we should follow If they be good , they cleare a law they doe not make it . Following of others cannot help us in the day of account . I have done as others , will be a poore plea. The three and twenty thousand were not helped by the thousand Princes , who were their leaders to their destruction . But yet if our examples be good in acts of assembling and worship according to Gods rule , then will others profit bee helped , as by the contrary it will bee much hindered . The last degree whereby prophane persons withdraw from our assemblies is , not coming with the first , and not staying with the last . David would not bee guilty : he desired to bee a doorekeeper , who was first in , and last out . Hee knew not how better to professe himselfe to be a seeker of God early , and to stand in neede of all the acts of worship , from the first humbling for a blesssing , and craving of it , to the last giving of it : and thus should it bee with us . Wee must come with the first . Cornelius and his friends , and servants , waited for Peter . They prevented him that nothing might fall from his ministery untaken up . The cripple waited for the moving of the waters at the descending of the angel : so must all Gods willing people at the places of assembling . Wee must also stay with the last . Even the Prince shall bee in the midst of the people in the temple , he shal go in , when they go in , and when they go forth , they shall go forth together . The Jewes and Gentiles at Antiochia continued in publicke service till the congregation was dissolved . And though Zachary stayed long in the middle temple , yet the people would not depart without the blessing which the Priest must give . If any doe otherwise ( without necessity ) they withdraw from our assemblings , and are in a way of forsaking . SECT . 4. 2 The forsakers of our assemblies that would be accounted godly ; and first of their name . THere are others , who would bee accounted truely religious , who forsake the assembling of our selves together ▪ and these have a name of pride , and a name of justice . The name of pride , which they take to themselves , is separatists . They read sometimes in the scriptures of separation , especially when Paul ( saith according to the prophet ) come out from among them and be ye separate . And when they doe not wisely observe our state , which is not to be separated from , but see with full contentment their owne vaine separation , they will needs glory in the name of Separatists , as others doe of catholickes . The name of Justice is Brownists ; which though they love not to heare of , because Browne , after his platforme of a new way of advancing Christs kingdome , upon wiser thoughts , returned from them , yet how justly they must retaine that name may appeare in that which followes . Wee reade of five introductions to this schisme , before it was raised to the height it now hath : height I say , in mold , and opinion , not in members , which have beene so few this sixteene hundred yeares and more , that we may demonstratively say , it is a brat of mans braine , not a child of Christ , that so long growes not at all . First , about two hundred fifty three yeares after Christ , wee reade of one Novatus , wo first lived under Cyprian , next at Rome . Hee being willing to get himselfe a name , denied repentance to them that had denied Christ , thorough heat of persecution , though out of feare . Yea , he denied repentance to believers who after baptisme fell into any grosse sinne . After by a strong ambition hee had indeavoured to bee a Bishop , and was disappointed , he led many poore soules into his sect : who because they thought themselves better then other christians ( upon the former conceits ) called themselves Cathari , or Puritanes . These suffered their ebbe , and flow , for a time as pride and humility tooke turnes . I am sure that your forsakers will not childe it from such a father . Here was a separation from the unitie of the church , but they will not have it theirs . Secondly , about three hundred thirty and one yeares after Christ , or ( as some write ) something lower , wee read of one Donatus , who , not being able to make his party good against Cecilianus his Bishop , took stomach , and drew a strong party after him for a time . They had this pretense for their separation , that the wicked did defile the good in the communion of the sacraments . They accounted the church to bee no where , but in Africk amongst themselves . They judged their time to bee the harvest of the church , they being a choise remnant , like a little wheat in much chaffe . If they were pressed to conformity by the authority of the Emperour , they cried out , what hath the Emperour to doe with the church ? Being asked , how they could prove that they onely were the church ? They replied , from the wonders of Donatus : from their prayers heard at the sepulchers of the Donatists : and from the visions , and dreames of the members of their church , They accounted sacraments holy onely , when administred by holy persons . They account no true baptisme , but in their church : and therefore they rebaptized all that came into their communion . They would runne into invited and unnecessary dangers . This they called martyrdom , whether they suffered from themselves , or others . I am sure also that our forsakers will not owne these for their setters up in all points , if for nothing else , yet for this they had Bishops . Heere was a separation long and irkesom , yet surely , they will not be of such an episcopall separation . Thirdly , besides the separatiō of Lucifer : who falling at odds with Eusebius Vercellensis about the ordination of honest Paulinus , departed in choler from the peace of the church , and made a proud breach , wee reade about the yeare after Christ three hundred seventy one , of one Audeus a Syrian , who raised up by the cōmon opinion of his zeal , and integrity , a company of followers , who would not pray with other Christians , and Bishops , crying these downe as being too rich : who also gave this reason of their separation , that in the bosome of the church , were suffered usurers , and impure livers . These sometimes dwelt in solitary places by themselves , and sometimes in the suburbs of cities . They fained also great holinesse and chastity , and dreamed God to have mans forme , and humane parts . But their sect outlived not their persons : and I am sure also , that our forsakers wil not acknowledge themselves to bee of this condemned breed . Fourthly , when the thoughts of the best christians were taken up with more weighty matters , and the necessity of times had invited them to faith and doctrine , or the vaile of darkenesse had covered too many hearts , these pettie sidings beganne to vanish , and were at last utterly extinct , till the light of the Gospel shined upon the church with fuller glorie againe . Then , as the enemy troubled the wheat with blasted corne , our forsakers say they had a church againe . In king Henry the eights , and Luthers dayes they finde ( say they ) some congregations upon their bottome . And indeed wee finde in stories , that some of their vaine opinions crept into the heads of some right godly persons , in other points who were ready to suffer for Christ , and did so : for it is hard not to fall from one extreamity to another , if sound judgement ( according to the rule given ) doe not poise the lightnesse of affections . But these in Germany , were crowned with the name of Anabaptists , whose doctrine , and practise , to overthrow the Church , and state , are well knowne , and as well confuted and condemned , by Luther , Calvine , Zanchius , and an whole army of others . But our forsakers ( I am sure ) will not own these in all points , neither will they owne them , because they forsake them also in some . Fiftly therefore , wee must goe lower yet : and if wee come to the daies of blessed Queene Elizabeth , after divers strugglings for excesses ( which surely is no friend to the Gospel among variety of judgements , which know but in part ) , wee meete with one Browne , who first raiseth a new platforme of all the tenets of our forsakers ( if yet , by time , and age , they have not made them worse ) . This man , after hee had infected some by preaching , found meanes to poison others by writing of his Estate of true Christians , and other pamphlets . His conceits , within this last age , have lived and died by turnes , as they have been the objects of discontēted , or quiet spirits . If humble soules have met with them , they have seene in them the poison of peace , the renting of the seamelesse coate of Christs church , the building upon a covenant of workes , and the hindering of the progresse of the Gospell in faith , and love . But if they have beene cast upon a raging sea of an unquiet , and disjointed heart , they have bred Barrowes , Greenwoods , Penries , Robinsons , Iohnsons , Aynsworths , and Smiths , the onely men ( so farre as I know ) of that full straine , who have tasted of more or lesse learning ill placed , from Christs time downward . Seeing therfore , Browne is the first full-father of our forsakers , who raised up their building to that height they would faine maintaine it at : surely , they can have no other name of justice then Brownists , which they must hold , except they can prove that theirs is a newer way . Indeed Browne did afterward fall away from them , and his owne tenets , for the most part . But seeing the first authour justly gives the name ( as that carpenter that builds an house for the building of it , though afterward hee burne it down ) therefore I cannot bee so unjust , as to suffer them , by mee , to bee called by any other , then that they received from him in his new christianity . If now , you aske the issue of this discourse ; it is to draw to this conclusion , that this church of theirs was never heard of till Brownes time ; and so I argue thus . That which never was a true church from Christs time to the daies of Queene Elizabeth , was not a true church then , nor is a true church now : for the gates of hell must not prevaile against it . But the Brownists church was never a true church from Christs time to the dayes of Queene Elizabeth : Therefore it was not a true church then , nor is now as they would have it , If they say , that some of their opinions were of old : I confesse it is true . But let them shew but one church , which either positively in all points which make their church ( to them ) a church ; or negatively , in denying contrary tenets held by the true church , and then they shall bee the true church for mee . But it may bee they will say , that the church of Rome thus disputes against us ▪ It is true : and so doe wee against them about their church built up by the late councell of Trent : affirming confidently that there was never one church but was under the curse of that councel , if it had beene of force before . But when they plead so against us , wee goe to that which made true visible churches in the Apostles dayes , and ever since , that is professed submission to the rule of faith in the scriptures , and a profession of faith in the trinity , especially in Jesus Christ our Lord , that rocke whereupon the church is built : and so long as we have this , wee feare not their plea. If they say , that they doe thus much to make them a true church also . It is true , they doe it , as wee doe ; and yet they denie us ( so doing ) to be a true church except wee be of their new covenant . If therefore , they cannot finde a church of that covenant till Brownes daies , how can they bee a true church which hath never failed , nor ever shall ? Let them duely consider this issue , and God give them understanding in all things . SECT . 5. Of that name they would have ( Separatists ) and how unjustly assumed as a title of honour . IT is most true , that they are loath to acknowledge the name of Browne their father , not sticking to brand him with the livery of a turne-coate , if not Apostate ( and surely deserves to bee soundly lashed who would rashly father it to such a breach ) : yea , and they tell us , that they will have their name from scriptures , not from men , and will be called , they of the separation . In this I am yet glad , that they love the scriptures more then men : and I humbly pray , that all that would be accounted good men , would not tell us what this good man , and that , held , and said ; but what Jesus Christ hath left to be held in the sure word of God , that their faith may not stand in the wisedome of men . But yet before we believe them , we must know in what scripture their name of separation stands . We reade indeed that God saith to Israel , I am the Lord thy God which separate you from other people , which Salomon thus expounds , thou didst separate them from among all the people of the earth . But are not all christians separated thus as well as they , from Iewes , Turkes , Heathens ? Israel was not separate from raigning sinne , and sinners , but for profession and service of the true God. For even then God said of them , yee have tempted me these tenne times , and have not harkened unto my voyce : this evill congregation are gathered together against mee : thou art a stiffenecked people : thou hast provoked me to wrath , and I was angry with thee to destroy thee : and I hope , all christians are of no worse separation then this . We reade againe that Paul at Ephesus , departed from the wicked , and separated the disciples . It is well it was an Apostle , who had an universall Jurisdiction by immediate Call , and not private persons , who may not doe as hee . It was well , it was Paul , who went to Jewish synagogues , to have spirituall communion , and preached none other thing , but that which Moses and the Prophets did say should come to passe , and not his owne dreames . But for his separating the disciples , we reade , he separated them from divers , not from all ; and that from those that were hardened , and believed not , and spake evill of faith in Christ before the multitude , as the text saith . What is this to our church ? wherein they cannot find one member that believes not in Christ ( at least doctrinally ) , nor one that speakes evill of the way of believing in Christ , though thousands justly speak evill of their way , which is the thing in question . Wee reade also againe that renowned place , come out from among them , and be yee separate , and touch no uncleane thing , and I will receive you saith the Lord. For what fellowship hath righteousnesse with unrighteousnesse , and what agreement hath light with darknesse ? But this will not affoord them the name of separatists neither . Looke to the persons that must be separated from . They are heathenish Infidels , unbelievers , Idolaters , in utter darkenesse , and so , not acknowledging the true God. And are wee in the church of England such ? Doe wee not pr●fesse saving truth ? Doe we not look , from the first , to the last , to bee saved onely by Christ ? If any professe they know God , and by workes deny him , yet shall not all things be pure to them that are pure ? Looke next to the persons that are charged to separate . They are the christian Corinthians , to whom the Apostle gives sweete words , The church of God ; called to be saints ; a gracious people by Iesus Christ ; called to the fellowship of Gods son ; in Christ , Christs owne ; begotten in Christ Iesus thorough the Gospell ; the seale of mine Apostleship in the Lord ; whom I praise because yee keepe the ordinances ; and who are full of godly sorrow , with the signes of it : yet will these Corinthians justifie the church of England by their wicked vices , both in publicke , and in their private meetings , as I shall ( if God please ) sh●w hereafter . Consider now , that this christian church , which was commanded to separate from heathens in their Idol-feasts , and abominable atheisme , was yet in something worse then the heathens themselves yet doth hee not teach them to separate one from another in christian duties of piety and charity ; but to redresse each other as they could , and onely to separate from the heathens , that they may be all knowne to be professed , and not dissembled christians . Looke lastly , to the matter the Apostle treateth of . It is to warne christians from having fellowship with the unfruitfull workes of darkenesse , and to reprove them ( in their places ) in word , judgement , affection and conversation . That , with which they must have no fellowship , Paul termeth unrighteousnesse , darknesse , Belial , Idols . The way whereby they may have fellowship with them ▪ he termes , yoaking , concord , partaking , and agreement . And it plainely appeares that it is as murh as if he had said , yee that are christians must not be with the unrighteous men of darkenesse , sonnes of Belial , and Idolaters , as if ye were yoaked in their society , living at one , partaking , and agreeing with them in their wicked course . How I pray , can they raise a name of separation to themselves from hence , except they can prove that all of us live in unrighteousnesse , and darknesse , in league with Satan , and in idolatrie , and that we as paires , and couples are linked together , and partake of these evils ? or how can we justly give them that name of Separatists except wee will grant our selves to bee such ? let them bee , from their first father , Brownists : and because they will be of the number and manner of those , some that forsake the assembling of our selves together ; therefore let us with a good conscience , and as quiet a spirit as their cause will permit examine their grounds by the word of God. SECT . 6. Of the Brownists opinions upon which they forsake our church , 1. Because we are not a true church . These grounds of Brownisme they referre to three heads , to wit , our church , our ministery , and our worship . 1 They deny us to have a true church . 2 They deny us to have a true ministery . 3 They deny us to have a true worship . If this charge were true , surely , they might say as David to Eliab , Is there not a cause ? But whether it bee not most false let a good conscience , guided by the word of God , Judge , First , they deny that wee have a true church . And though wee being in possession , and they labouring to cast us out , we might put them to the proofe , yet shall I ( by Gods helpe ) tender them this one reason , among many , to prove that we have a true church . Where there is the true matter and form of a true church , there is a true church . For this cannot be denied , that the matter and forme of a true man make a true man , that is , the body and soule united : so must it be in the church . But our church hath the true matter and forme of a true church : and therefore is a true church . It is denied by the Brownists that wee have such matter and forme ; and it is proved thus , first for the matter . The true matter of a true church is such as professe saving truth taught in the Scriptures , and is proved thus . That which makes a man a true member of a true churh , that doth make a true church ( for members doe constitute the whole ) : but profession of saving truth makes a true member of a true church ; for Symon Magus , upon his profession was admitted a member , till he fell away : and the Eunuch upon the same profession was admitted too by baptisme , and for ought wee know continued for ever . Now , that we in the church of England do professe saving truth , according to the scriptures cannot be denied . If the Brownists say , that wee overthrow all by thousands of wicked lives in persons , in , and of our church . I am sure that the church of Corinth was worse then ours can be ( in some things ) , it was too bad with envyings , carnall men , uncharitable wretches , that went to law before infidels , scandalizing the weake , partaking with Idols , heresies , abuse of the Lords supper by drunkennesse , and contempt of the poore , and with detestable incest : yet when Paul writes unto them ( even before the incestuous person was cast out ) he salutes them all , as those that are the church of God , Saints by calling , and sanctified in Christ Iesus , at least , by a sanctification of consecration in baptisme , and their profession . But say the Brownists , doth profession make a church of the body of Christ ? will nothing but the body of Christ serve for a true church ? Then let them know that Christs body may be taken two wayes : for a body of all those that shall be saved ; and this is the catholicke church , which are in communion of saints for life : and for a body of those that are in the way of salvation if they be not enemies to themselves ; as every branch in Christ that beareth not fruit . Thus the whole church of Corinth was Christ as well as any other part of the church , and in Christ Iesus , though too many members of it professed without power . For profession brings a church into outward fellowship with Christs body ( as bad servants with a good master ) and so into the way of being savingly of the body of Christ if they resist not , grieve not , quench not , or despise not the spirit of grace . Secondly , for the forme of a true church , that is Christ united unto the persons professing his saving truth . For as the forme of a man is his soule united to his body ; so the forme of a church , which is the body of Christ , is Christ united unto it . Now , that Christ is united unto our church , is proved thus : because hee gives the law of union to us as to the body , and makes it effectuall for conviction , or conversion , to serve the living and true God. As a king is united to his subjects by his lawes , and executions of them for rewards and punishments : so is Jesus Christ to our church . As the head united gives lawes to the body for safety : so doth Christ give lawes to us for our salvation in his word . He hath not dealt so with every nation , yet ( blessed bee his name ) he hath so dealt with us to the joy of our soules . True ( say the Brownists ) wee have his lawes , but doe not answer them in our lives . This doth not cut us off ( being but true in part ) till Christ hath sued out his bill of divorce , no more then the disobedience of a wife makes her no wife ; the disobedience of a sonne no sonne ; and the disobedience of a servant no servant . Againe Christ is united to us , because hee makes his law effectuall for the convincing of all , and for the converting of many soules to cleave unto him faithfully . VVe are baptized , and so put on Christ , and are graffed into the similitude of his death and resurrection . But as we grow in age , many grow in gracelesnesse , and forget the covenant of their God. Then comes the word of Christ convincing , and calls many backe , kills sinne , quickens grace , and converts the hearts of the fathers to the children , and the disobedient to the wisedome of the just . This the Brownists will not deny . They confesse that God hath many gracious people amongst us by the word , and sacraments . VVhence , I pray , doth this proceed , but from the influence and power of Christ united to us ? I am sure that Christ is the way to heaven ; and one soule cannot bee converted from the kingdome of sinne to grace , but it is by the power and influence of Christs three offices . As he is a Prophet , hee must be his wisedome , to teach him repentance from dead works , and faith in Christ . As hee is a Priest , he must make his attonement betwixt God and him for righteousnesse . And as he is a King , hee must over-master the gates of hell , and maintaine him to himselfe in the way of salvation , for sanctification , and full redemption . Conclude therefore , that if wee have the matter and forme of a true church , wee must bee a true church against all exception , if good conscience judge by the word of God. SECT . 7. Brownists first exceptions against us , about the nature of a visible Church . BUt because the Brownists make a great noise in maintaining against us , that ours is not a true church : therefore take particular view of their pleas against it , that wee may see the unjustnesse of their forsaking it . I shall by Gods helpe referre them to five heads . 1 What they meane by a true church . 2 The entrance into a true church . 3 The head of a true church . 4 The members of a true church . 5 The governement of a true church , They meane by a true church , a set congregation of more or fewer , separated from all false waies , and having sufficient authority within it selfe for governement in all causes ecclesiasticall , and assembling ( at times convenient ) for exercise of governement and solemne worship . This is the full summe of what I can conceive them to say of a true church : in which they would make it up of these foure ingredients . First , it must be a set congregation ( which we call a parish , and they mislike ) . Every one of these they would have an absolute church , depending upon none but Christ : and so they deny kings over countries , and Bishops over diocesses to bee members of the church , except they can shew those particular congregations whereof they are but equall members to be ruled by the joint consent of the whole number , or ( it may bee ) the greatest part . Secondly , it must bee separated from all false wayes , not onely of Iewes , Turkes , and Pagans , but from all grosse sinnes and sinners , which doe pollute the worship of the sincerest service of God. Yet surely , they would have them better taught , and made good , that , by the consent of the members , they might be jointed in at last . Thirdly , it must have sufficient authority within it selfe for governement in all causes ecclesiasticall , that is , a plenary power , by consent of members , to ordaine ministers , call , or cast them out , ( as the necessity of the church requires ) to excommunicate , and receive in , and to order all things in their assemblies for the advancement of Christs kingdome , without the leave or restraint of any . Fourthly , it must assemble for acts of governement , and solemne worship , ( without which it is but a shadow ) that is , it must meete in their meeting places to pray , preach , prophecy , baptize , and communicate , as the spirit gives wisedome and utterance . Now , because they finde not our churches thus made up , according to their owne fansies ; therefore doe they forsake them as false , or ( at the least ) no true churches . This is their new way of churching and unchurching of assemblies ( so farre as I can gather by their conferences and writings ) : and they judge of our assemblies after this mould . I hope they will not deny us to have assemblies ; or to be separate from Iewes , Turkes , Pagans , Idolaters , and wicked Belialists , in communion for spirituall life by Christ ; that wee have authority , and power for ordination , excommunication , absolution , and order ; or that wee have assemblies for governement , and solemne worship : and for the rest of the frame it is but the issue of their owne braine , and not of the law and rule of Christ . For first , whereas they would have no nationall churches , but particular in dependent congregations : they must confesse that the whole nation of Israel was but one church . And though then they had but one Tabernacle , yet when after they were divided into severall Synagogues , did they not continue the only church of God ? were they not still reputed of God as one man , though some were better , and more worse ? It is true , say they , because they had but one high-priest , a figure of Christ which was to vanish . Nay rather , because they were but one people and common-wealth , professing the same religion , and ruled by the same lawes , both before they had one high-priest , and after , when ( by corruption ) they had two . Neither was the high-priest in respect of governement a type of Christ ( for so was Melchizedech , of whose order Christ was , and not after the order of Aaron ) : but in respect of his sacrifice , and intercession for the whole people , and his enterance alone into the holy of holies , bearing the names of the twelve tribes : and Christs governement belongs to his kingdome , not to his priest-hood . Besides , must they not confesse that that one church of the nation of Jewes was governed : by one law , and one king ? one law for the substance of governement , and one king to order both priests , and people : and that not as a type of Christ , but as a king by royall authority , as head of the tribes , as I shal cleare hereafter . Yea , doe wee not reade of the church of Ephesus which was one house of God ; over which Timothy was the first angell and Bishop ( as it comes to us from oldest records ) to rule all Presbyters , Deacons , Widowes , and people in their severall assemblies ? For how fond were it to thinke that all the Elders , Deacons , and believers that Paul gives him Jurisdiction over there , should be of one assembly ? Especially seeing Titus his fellow-Bishop was left in Creta to ordeine elders , and oversee them in every city , according to the necessity of severall assemblies . Secondly , whereas they urge that a true church must be separate from all false waies : it is true ; it must be thus in profession , when they are plainely discovered by undoubted scriptures : but that it must be actually thus , or be unchurched , is utterly false . Israel was Gods people , when the sonnes of Eli ( in communion with them ) were sonnes of Belial and knew not the Lord. Moses calls them Gods people , even when they were not separated from Idolatry : because he had no authority to cast them off , before God himselfe had given a bill of divorce . God by Esay , calls the Jewes his children and people , when they were so farre from being separated from rulers of Sodome , rebellious Princes , companions of theeves : that they had such teachers as caused them to erre , such women as were full of hellish pride , such rich men as were cruell oppressours , such inhabitants as the earth was defiled under them ; and such a face of the church as the faithfull city was become an harlot , with their oakes , and gardens of idolatrie , ready to bring confusion . Paul calls the Corinthians a church of God , saints by calling , when at that instant many in communion with them had debates , envyings , whisperings , wraths , strifes , backbitings , swellings , tumults , and had not repented of the uncleannesse , fornication , and lasciviousnesse , which they had committed . Read the epistles of Christ to the seven churches in Asia , and yee shall finde much abominable wickednesse , and yet they were crowned by Christ himselfe with the name of churches . If the Brownists plead that these churches should have beene separated . Indeed they should have better then they were , and because they were not , they after felt the heavie hand of God : but that the good should have fallen out with God for the sinne of man , and beene separated from the good things of God , for the wickednesse of those that were in outward communion of christianity , that we no where , nor ever , I am sure shall read . Thirdly , whereas they plead , that every particular congregation hath sufficient power , by generall vote of members , in all causes ecclesiasticall , I must wonder , before answere , what ? have the people , all the members , power of jurisdiction over all ? What new scripture hath ever Christ made for this confusion ? Surely , we finde it not before the law : for then power of governement lay upon Adam , Noah , Abraham , Isaack , Iacob , Ioseph , and their peeres . Surely it was not under the law : for then power of governement lay upon Moses , and his assistants , ( even by the advice of Iethro ) and upon Aaron , to whom the people must assent . The law was delivered to the priests and elders , and they were charged to looke to the rest . It is as sure also that it is not under the Gospel . The people attempted nothing but by the liking leave , and approbation of the Apostles . The Apostles ordeined elders in every city for the people without them , and conferred with the elders of the church for the good of their assemblies without the people : yea , and upon consultation did decre● a matter for the peace of the church without them when their gifts were at the height . It is true , that sometimes the people were acquainted with some great matter in counsell : not because they had authority without which the Apostles and elders could doe nothing : but to acqu●int them with reasons , and to incourage them in their graces . Thus Bishop Cyprian sometimes did , and sometimes superiours do require the assent of inferiours for better peace and love . And that the people had no authority in governing the church appeares by the commission of Christ to his Apostles , and those that should succeed them , goe yee ( saith Christ ) and teach and baptise , teaching them to observe what ever I have commanded , and I am with you alwaies to the end of the world . The promise is as the charge , to the Apostles and their successours , and not to the people in businesse that concernes them not . Againe , I will give thee the keyes of the kingdome of heaven , ( saith Christ to Peter in the name of the rest ) : and therefore , makes good his word to them all ; he sent them , inspired them , and then said , whose sinnes ye remit or retaine , shall be remitted or retained . It would be strange after this commission , to heare of a power of governing in the people ; especially seeing for the executing of it , Christ gave officers to his church , and not to his church power to make them : hee gave them to his church , to bee in Christs stead to direct and rule by his word , and not to bee directed and ruled by it . Therefore if any thing be out of order he blameth them , not the people . I contended with the Rulers and nobles , saith Nehemiah : and to the Angels of churches speakes Christ sharpely for things amisse . And for the people , Christ would not have them rule , but to be subject to magistrates , and spirituall overseers . This I am confident of , that there cannot one precept , or practise be given that the people should , or did rule in the church , but under their guides and teachers , except Corah and his accomplices who were swallowed up in wrath . As for that text , tell the church , and that other of the incestuous person , we shall meete with them in their proper places . In the meane time know , that the sonne of man hath left his house , and given authority to his servants ( for edification , not for destruction ) and not to his house , which is the church . The people are still called sheep , brethren , houshold of faith , spouse , and children : but their teachers are knowne by the name of Elders , Overseers , and Fathers , on whom the governement lies . But ( say the Brownists ) the saints are answereable to the kings of old , who are to have power ecclesiasticall in their hands . Indeed they are so called , but not in respect of any outward power over others more then before , but of inward power to rule , by the annointing of Christ , over their own pride and corruption . This they will not doe , and so speake evill of them in authority , and advance themselves above the pitch which God hath given there . It is a brave thing to rule , and who would not doe so ? But if they were Davids weaned childe , they would rather bee subject by doing and suffering , then lift up themselves to high places of governement , from whence they may fall to their shame and sorrow . Lastly , whereas they put into the end of their assembling , not onely the exercise of governement , whereof they have none , and preaching , prayer , sacraments , which are good indeed , if done by right persons , and in right manner ; but prophecying too : surely herein they walke not with a right foote according to the truth of the scriptures . They make prophecying an act of some private persons , whereby , as the spirit moves them , they put in , in publicke , their verdicts with their Pastours and Doctours , about the sence , doctrine , and application of the scriptures propounded : but how Christs word makes this good to them I cannot see , nor ever shall . Indeed the Apostle speakes of prophecying , but as of an office of some persons then , not of an ordinary gift now . He saith , let the prophets speake two or three : and I am sure , that prophets have an office to prophecy . Hee saith also , prophecying is a speaking to men to exhortation , edification , and comfort : and I pray , what can the highest gift of preaching doe more ? If they may preach , why may they not administer the sacraments , seeing both goe together ? They cannot say , that to preach is an act of office , and to prophecy , is an act out of office . For where the Apostle speakes expressely of prophecying according to the proportion of faith , hee doth speak as plainly of offices as of gifts . If therefore they will prophecy , let them shew their calling to that office , and then vent their gifts . Doe they doe it by vertue of their generall , or speciall calling ? They deny any speciall calling , and wee denie that they doe it by vertue of the generall calling of a christian , because that gives not the office . How much better were it for them to follow the word of Christ , no man taketh this honour to himselfe , but he that is called of God as Aaron , then by jumbling ordinary , and extraordinary gifts and offices together , to utter things , for want of knowledge , wisedome reading , and doctrine , unworthy of the great God of assemblies . Thus have I considered the foure parcels of which the Brownists make up a true visible . None of which singly , nor all jointly can make our blessed church not to be so : because they are made up of divers falshoods already discovered . Let us now take better view out of Gods word , what a true visible church is , that in it we may see our owne . A true visible churth is , men called , and united in the profession of the truth according to the scriptures . This is alwaies where there is a true visible church , either planted , or continued , or restored . If it be nationall , it is a company of people professing truth in an whole land , as the churches of Iudea , Samaria , and Galile , with those of Asia . If it be Parochial , it is a company of people professing the truth in a towne , or parish : as in those where the Apostles ordained elders in every church . If it be domesticall , it is a company professing the truth in a family : as in Philemons house , and others . It is true , that the truth may bee more purely professed in one church then in another : more purely in Smyrna , and Philadelphia , which were praised , and lesse purely in Ephesus , Sardis , and Laodicea , which were dispraised . It is true also that some churches may be in infancy , and so lesse perfect , as that in Creta , where Titus was left to redresse things amisse , and those churches of the Gentiles , which must not bee troubled for feare of a rent : and some of riper age , as that at Ierusalem , where Iames was Bishop , and the Apostles held a councel , and so had a more setled forme of governement : and that of Philippi , which had their Bishops and Deacons . But if they joine to professe the truth of Christ they are true visible churches . First , they ramble ( as sheep without a shepheard ) without God , without Christ . Christ makes himselfe knowne unto them by the preaching of the word . They assemble as those that professe to seeke salvation that way , some more closely , some more loosely . They publickely submit to the word of God and Sacraments , and calling on the name of the Lord. These persons thus professing make up a true visible church , either in a kingdome , city , town , or house , though they bee worse then Peter in his worse part ( not walking with a right foote ) : yea though too many of them bee as bad as Simon Magus who joyned to Philip and was baptized . When God sent forth his servants to invite guests , there was the calling of a church , When good and bad that were invited , came to the wedding feast , there was their profession . This made up a visible church , though many were called and few chosen , but left in their chosen wayes to their ruine . When wise and foolish virgines came of duty to attend their Lord , though five only had lasting oile , and five had but lampes only , there was a true visible church . When the sower went out to sowe the word of God , though some fell in the high-wayes , and some among the stones , some among thornes , and but some in good grounds ; yet all these professing hearers made up a true visible church . When a man sowed good seed , and his enemie sowed tares , or blasted corne , which sprang up as from the same roote , which must grow together till the harvest , there is a true visible church . When a net was cast into the sea and gathered together fish , both good and bad ; good to bee reserved in vessels , and bad to be cast away , there also is a true visible church , the kingdome of heaven upon earth . The word comes , and when it is received , it makes the church by profession a candlesticke , a citie set on an hill which cannot be hid , especially when those that receive it are baptized , which is the seale of profession . As open profession of men , who say they are willing to fight under the colours of a captaine ( and therefore take their military sacrament ) are a true visible army , though many runne away in the day of battell : so is it in the visible church , which is as acompany of two armies . Cains , Chams , Iudasses , Simon the sorcerers , and Demas , their profession made them all members of the visible church , with Abel , Noah , Peter , Philip , and Paul. It is true , that afterwards they either went backe , or were throwne out by justice ; but the question is , what made them members of the visible church ? and that was joyning in profession of the truth , as the profession of the same trade , art , craft , science , or mystery , makes men of such a society , though some are more worthy , and some lesse . This therefore being Gods truth concerning the nature of the visible church ; and the Brownists visible church being coupled of many falshoods , whatsoever they say , cannot helpe their new church , nor hurt our old church , which is built upon the rocke , the foundation of the Prophets and Apostles , Jesus Christ himselfe being the chiefe corner stone . SECT . 8. Brownists second exception against us : about the entrance into a true church . NExt they object against us the entrance into a true church . Wee should ( say they ) have entred into the state of a visible church , by voluntary covenant upon knowledge , to advance the kingdome of Christ ▪ and so to have a right to the name of a true church , and to the priviledges of it for us , and our children : but wee were forced in our first planting by edicts , lawes , and proclamations , and yet admitted members , and our posteritie after us by baptisme , even of such of us as are not members indeed . Put case this great plea were true at first , yet may not an after mending of what was first amisse , rectifie and confirme all ? Things may bee ill done at first , which being once done , may bee of force , and being well carried may end with a blessing . A child marries without consent of parents , and it is wickedly done , yet when it is done , and sealed with the bed by free consent , shall it not bee of force ? Nay , doe not parents looke upon their courses , and , if they see a good carriage , and good successe , doe they not like it well , and follow it with their blessings ? Shall wee make God an harder master ? will hee not love Iacob though hee got the blessing by deceit ? God purposed him the blessing : and though hee got not the possession the right way , shall his purpose faile ? God forbid : yea let God be true and every man a lyar ; Iacobs unbeliefe makes not the faith of God of none effect . So might God deale with us . Hee purposed to us the covenant of the Gospell , and wee came not to it the right way , yet when we are in it , in the place where it was said unto us , ye are not my people , wee shall bee called the children of the living God. Put case a childe bee cut out of the mothers belly , and come not the ordinary way , shal the father when hee sees it live , and thrive , deny it to be his childe , and conclude it to be a bastard ? So will our God deale with us . But why should wee grant them this ? wee failed not in our entrance : they can never prove it by the word of Christ . A true visible church may bee considered two waies ; in the planting , and in the reforming of it . How wee entred into a true church in our first planting , God knowes , we know not from his word . The sound of the Apostles went into all the earth , and their words into the end of the world . The Gospel is come unto you ( saith Paul to the Colossians ) and to all the world , and bringeth forth fruit : and surely it entred to us ( as it should ) by some Apostle , or Apostolicke men , to make our ancient predecessours a true church . Before , we were without Christ : now wee know him . Before , wee were without the covenant ; now wee are in by baptisme . Before , wee were no professours ; now we are , and God shewes mercy to thousands among them that love him , and keepe his commandements , and is their God , and the God of their seede . But this is not the state of the question now . Therefore for the reforming of a church God would have this course . As it was with Iob , hee was first of Gods making , and next ( by Gods permission ) of the Devils marring , when he was full of botches and sores , scarce knowne to his friends , and loathsome to his wife . All this while Iob was a true man , as he was before , though clouded with some fearefull fits of impatience . But when God would lift up Iob againe , hee did not make a new Iob , but reformed the old , he cured , and cleansed him , that hee might appeare like himselfe , and his end was happy . So God dealt with the church . After it had covenanted with God at first , it wanted no botches , it was fearefully overspread with diseases . But when God would have it raised againe , hee doth not build a new church , but reformeth the old . Hee shewes our forefathers where they were at a losse : that they had the faith of Christ in the articles , and the profession of it in publicke festivities : but with fearefull superstitions and vanities . Therefore hee puts into their hands , and the hands of his ministers , the word of his covenant , and the sacraments of his covenant rightly administred : and thus ( by degrees ) wee fall to publicke profession of Christs truth , by union of lawes , consents , and practises . What then , is the want in our entrance , which doth make us no true church ? The Brownists heere , plead foure things . 1 All our members entred not upon knowledge . 2 They made not a covenant for Christ . 3 They were not voluntary professours . 4 They were baptized when they were the seede of those that were not members of the visible church by actuall profession . That all our members entred not upon knowledge , is false ; were they in planting from no church , or in reforming from a corrupt church ? Surely , the knowledge of the doctrine of salvation by the blessed trinitie , is sufficient for the receiving in of members . For Christ saith , Goe teach all nations and baptize them . And wh●t must they bee taught ? That which they must bee baptized into , their faith in the father , son , and holy Ghost , which was Christs first creede that made churches . Had not the members of our reforming church this knowledge ? where was the seede of our many hundreds of Martyrs ? and where is these mens charities ? Even the darkest times that our church hath suffered hath preserved this knowledge , and the profession of looking to bee saved by Iesus Christ the sonne of the living God , which is that Rocke against which the gates of hell shall not prevaile . Yea but ( they say secondly ) , put case they had this knowledge , yet they entred not into our visible church by covenant . Indeed it is lawfull for christians , that have beene disjointed in the service of God , to make covenants betwixt themselves to serve him better . So Asa and his people entred into a covenant to seeke the Lord God of their fathers , yea , and they sware unto the Lord. So wee reade of the Princes , Levites , and Priests , that made a sure covenant , writ it , and sealed it . Surely , this was a good way to tye up the unruly colts that were among them to Gods service , if they had but naturall conscience , and the Prophets did not condemn it . From whence I conclude , that it is lawfull to helpe our selves in the service of God by any meanes not forbidden , though it bee not precisely commanded in the word : yet is their practise a binding law to us so far , as to unchurch us if wee doe it not ? How many glorious visible churches doe wee reade of in the scriptures , which never tooke this course , nor were bound unto it , and yet entred covenant with Christ too when they were admitted members ? They were made Christs disciples by teaching , and receiving the word , which is the word of reconciliation . And this word given to his people , is , Gods covenanting with them , and his avouching them to bee his peculiar people : and their receiving it , is their covenanting with him , and taking God to bee their God. Then doe they goe to the seales of the covenant ( the sacraments ) , according to Christs rule , which doe knit us rogether in an holy league , for the service of Christ , to our eternall good , if wee doe not deale falsly with God concerning his covenant . If therefore , they denie not ( as they cannot ) that our first members had the true word of God , and sacraments , neither can they deny that they have entred into the church by covenant . Hee that is baptized , putteth on Christ : and baptisme is Christs seale of the covenant upon them that are baptized , as those that were circumcised , were said to bee borne to God by covenant : which if we breake , we renew againe so oft as we come to the supper of the Lord. Yea but ( they say thirdly ) , put case that they entred covenant with God by baptisme , yet were they forced to keepe his covenant , in a better way then they had done , by the edicts , lawes , and proclamations of princes . They were not voluntary servers of Christ , as the members of a true visible church should be . Put this case to them also , yee are the sonnes of your mother , who was forced by the authority of her father , or guardian , to marrie your father : will yee say , that yee are bastards , not lawfull heires , or not true members of the family , because your mother was not married to your father freely , and willingly ? with what will soever shee was married , shee afterward lived in love , faithfulnesse , and obedience , and brought forth much fruit unto him . Such may bee the case of a true visible church . Shee may come to Christ her husband , as a Beare to the stake , being forced by conviction , and the power of naturall conscience ; she may bee drawne before shee runne after him ; yet afterward , shee remembring his love more then wine , may live in obedient love , and bring forth fruit unto God. Though this bee a sufficient plea , yet let them know , that the first members of our church , in planting , were a willing people , for ought they know , and for our first members in reforming , I answere foure things . First , that the free acts of the leaders of the people are accounted by God as the acts of all ; when Moses was bid tell the children of Israel ; and hee did but tell the elders of Israel , and they answered , all the people are said to answer together in them . So Ioshuah called twelve choise men , out of every tribe a man , to carry twelve stones , and the children of Israel , whom they represented , are said to do it . So Asa tooke away the altars of the strange Gods , and brake the idols , and cut downe the groves willingly ; and though hee commanded his people , and ruled by power , yet they obeying , are said , to seeke the Lord ▪ and to prosper . Thus far then , our first reformers were willing members ; they were willing in their guides and leaders , who willingly put themselves on to advance the kingdome of Christ . Secondly , not onely the governours , but the people were willing covenanters in generall body . It was done by the free proceedings of the house of parliament , where Knights , and Burgesses , were chosen by the free vote of the commons : and they ( being knowne to be able men ) doe refer themselves to their determination in the Lord. What though some submitted out of feare of power ? Thus , many in Mardocai's time became Iewes for feare , yet were so accounted . And many in Hezekiahs time were brought by postes , as it were , by the sound of the trumpet , to the passeover , and yet their service was accepted . Thirdly , put case the lawes , and proclamations of our Princes forced some to bee members , who were willing to doe worse . It was not in the first planting of a church , where faith is not to be forced ( the kingdome of heaven suffers violence , but faith suffers not compulsion ) : but it was in the reforming of a church ; and in such a case God did blesse the compulsion of Hezekiah , and the people were not rejected , as no members , though they were not purified according to the purification of the sanctuary . Did not Manasseh , after hee was come home to God , command Iudah to serve the God of Israel ? Did not Iosiah cause and make his people to stand to his covenant to serve , even to serve the Lord our God ? Is it not lawfull for good Princes in reforming to follow these examples ? may not they binde their people some way , by oath , bond , subscription , or taking , and giving hands for better performance of duties of religion ? why may not our good Princes follow those old patternes in reforming ? They say , because it is not found in the new testament . Bee it so : yet it is found in the old testament , and not condemned in the new , nor any other order prescribed in such a case . Surely , seeing in this new devised way , they will bee tried by none but the new testament , they shall be cast at this bar in their own courses . Let them give but one text to prove any man called , or ordained to a Pastours office in the church , by a company of private men alone , and I shall give them another text to prove any thing they please , I can yet reade of none but Apostles , Evangelists , and the eldership that made ministers there . If they can shew no text , I am sure they have no such Pastours as they ought : but I am sure we have true kings , who have power in reforming , to compell wicked people to be better then they are , because they beare not the sword for nought . Yea , but ( say they lastly ) put case they entred upon necessarie knowledge ; that they made a covenant in receiving the word , and sacraments ; that they were voluntarily , or forced , yet lawfull professours , when they stated a visible church : yet they were ( many of them ) baptized , when they were the seed of them that were not members of the visible church . Conceive it thus . If a man be a member of the visible church , then his children have a right to baptisme , before they actually professe the faith , by vertue of that promise , I will be thy God , and the God of thy seede . But if hee bee not a member of a visible church , ( as a Iew , Turke , or Pagan ) then have they no right to it , before they actually confesse , as the Eunuch did . Now the Brownists ( keeping a great coile about the jointing of members into a church , as if it were all one to be jointed into the body of Christ , coapted , and fitted to our head Christ , for life and salvation , and to bee a member of the visible church , in outward communion and fellowship of Christ , for the outward priviledges of the church ) they have ( I say ) espied , among many others , this one crime , in the Dutch , and French churches , that they baptize the seede of them that are no members of the visible church : much more , when they looke upon us , whom they account not members of a true visible church , must they quarrell ( if all bee of his mind ) , if our first reformers be not members of a true visible church , and yet their children are baptized before they are of yeares to professe their owne faith . SECT . 9. A question by the way , about baptizing Bastards of impenitent Christians . I Confesse , I never yet talked with any Brownist about this particular ; yet because I finde too many conscious people , hanging after forraigne novelties , and gazing upon ( with admiration ) the membring , and dismembring in visible churches : who when they heare of Christians lawfully begotten children denied baptisme , beginne to wonder that christians bastards should be admitted . Therefore to cleare both ( as God shall in able ) I shall labour to satisfie others ( as I have done some ) in this question . whether bastards are baptizable while their mothers are in their sinnes of adultery , or fornication , and whether men ought not to stay their baptisme , untill they be reconciled to God , in open church , which is publickely scandalized by her fact , and from which she hath dismembred her selfe by her misdeed ? In this I finde two questions inwrapt in one : whether bastards are baptizable ? and whether men ought not to stay such baptisme , till the harlot bee reconciled to God , and this be done in the open church scandalized , from which by her fact she hath cut herselfe off by her sinne ? I shall first labour to state these questions , and then the cases will more easily appeare . The estate of the first may be thus set . By bastards , such children are meant , as come not into the world by lawfull acts of marriage : and by baptizable is meant , such as have a right to the sacrament of baptisme in the church . And the question is not , whether bastards in generall are baptizable ? for so it is certaine that all are not , as the bastards of Iewes , Turkes , and Pagans , who have no right to baptisme but by personall confession . But the question is , whether the bastards of the professours at large , in a christian church , which is in covenant with God ( for the outward priviledge of the church at least ) have right to baptisme ? of these the inquiry is , because in the second part of this question , is spoken of the mothers reconciling to God , in the open church offended . The state of the second question must be laid by considering two things : 1 The persons enquired of· 2 The duty of these persons . The persons enquired of , are Men : and it is too generall a terme . For it cannot meane , any men of that assembly , where such a bastard is presented : for they have no authority ( knowne to mee from scriptures ) to meddle in any censure ecclesiasticall . These onely are to meddle heere , who are sent , and inspired with delegated service and mininistery from Christ , either immediately , or mediately . Neither can it meane the Pastors , and deputed teachers of that assembly : for they have but a dependent authority according to the lawes of Eutaxy , and good order in the church . Presbiters under Bishops , Bishops under Synods , Synods under Councels , and Councels under the word of Christ in plaine scriptures . Our highest appeale is to our head Christ Iesus . For if ordinary Pastours had such independent power in such cases , thinke whether it would not set up a Pope in every parish , especially considering that wee have neither precept , nor president , in all the new testament , of such power given to any assembly , or Presbiter , that ever I could yet finde . By men ther●fore , wee must understand the publick governours of that church , that is , the King , Prince , state , Bishop , and convocation , by their lawes ecclesiasticall for the good of the church . The question enquires of those , in respect of order , decree , and command : and of these in respect of Canons , and executions accordingly . Thus I take up the minde of the question , or else I know not what it would have . Next , consider in the question , the duty of these persons , whether they ought to stay bastards from baptisme ? By this , two things may bee meant : denying baptisme ; but no man would utterly exclude such : and suspending baptisme ; and of this is the question : for it makes a double limitation ; first , till the harlot be reconciled to God. In this , the question meddles not with the judgement of God , who by his sure omniscience , knowes who are reconciled to him , and who not : nor with the judgement of the conscitnce of any reconciled persons , who by the assurance of faith or hope , may believe , or hope , that they are reconciled ; for this is Gods tribunall : but with the judgement of the church , which under the sacrament of charity ( as it was termed of old ) by the harlots words , and actions may judge the best : and so this parr of the question is utterly void . For I never yet knew harlot but would confesse , and lament her sinne , and promise amendement before her bastard was baptized , and so give a ground for charitable hope . The second limitation is , till shee bee publickely reconciled to the church scandalized , from which by her fact shee hath cu● her selfe off . In which foure things are to bee pondered . First , the manner of her reconciling , which is required by the question ; in the open church . But what if she be ready to be swallowed up of sorrow ? Shall wee not have the church to apply her power of mitigating indulgence ? shall we have nothing but extreamitie ? Did God allow in the time of the law , that if an oxe did kill a man by the masters negligence , there might bee a commutation of punishment , from death to a ransome of mony , and will wee in no case have a mitigation of rigour from the open church , when yet Justice may bee done , and that , with more good sometimes , both upon the partie , and others by charitable and indulgent acts ? Secondly , the persons offended , are the Church scandalized : by which the question meanes not the Catholik , or nationall Church ; for with both these the harlot may be friends still ; because they cannot take notice of every such fact , to bee offended by it : But the particular Church and assembly united by God , and the lawes for the professing of saving truth . Thirdly , consider then the danger of the harlot offending ; shee hath cut her selfe off , as the question implyes : but consider how she hath cut her selfe off ? and how farre ? shee hath not cut her selfe off by excommunication ecclesiasticall : for that is not in her power , and the Church hath not yet proceeded against her : but by excommunication morall , by the wickednesse of her fact , which makes her censurable both heere and hereafter , in an high degree , if she repent not heartily . But how farre hath she cut her selfe off ? Not from the visible Church ; for she still professeth saving faith ; and would not but have the benefit of it for much : yea , shee still hath the character of Baptisme , which is the outward marke of a Christian : for otherwise upon her reconciliation she should be baptized againe , which surely the question intends not : but from two things in the visible Church : first , from the inward comforts of christianity , till shee repent unto life : For ( I thinke ) it will not bee denyed , but that shee may doe this , before ecclesiasticall indulgence bee applyed unto her upon outward submission . And secondly , from publike communion with the visible Church in some holy things , when she is proceeded against , till shee hath outwardly , in the congregation confessed her fault ( if neede require ) and promised amendment . In some holy things ( I say ) for I answer , none will deny her a right to reade the word of God , or to heare it read , to heare good exhortations and instructions , or to pray in private , which yet are the acts of a true Christian . Fourthly , consider the remedy of this danger , ( her reconciling to the Church : ) by which we must not vnderstand , her returning into favour , by communion with the Church in repentance unto life , and the faith of the elect ; for no man , or men , can judge certainely of these : but onely returning into favour by communion with the Church in profession to have them . The question being thus stated , wee may the more easily conceive and give satisfying answers . To the first , whether Bastards are baptizable ? I answer , the bastards ( as other children ) of Iewes , Turkes , and Infidels are not : but the bastards of professors of Christianity are , for these two reasons . First , because that which gives right unto the parents , gives right unto the children in the parents right ( for when the parents professed the faith of Christ , the Apostles did baptize them and their children , if any such were in the houshold : ) But profession of Christianity gives right to the Parents : for if men doe but professe their faith in the Trinity , they are baptizeable : and therefore the bastards of Christans are baptizeable . Secondly , because the children of Christians are baptizeable : but bastards of Christians , are the children of Christians ; for otherwise such parents should be rebaptized : therefore they are baptizeable . To the second question , whether men ought to stay their baptisme , till the harlot be reconciled unto God in the open church ▪ which is justly scandalized by her fact , and from which shee hath dismembred herselfe by her misdeed ? I answere , first to the grounds of the question in limitations : and next to the question it selfe . To the grounds of the question , I answer two things . First , that her fact hath not so dismembred her as to make her no christian . For let me aske , doth a vaste sinne so cut off from Christ , that it doth unchristian a man or woman ? I doe not aske this to move any man or woman to flatter themselves in such a case . For such have just cause to doubt whether they are univocall members of saving Christ : neither can they know by assurance of faith , whether ever they shall rise againe : because God saies to no man , sinne , and my grace shall helpe thee up . But I aske it , to shew the hope and charity of the church , about such wicked professours of christianity . Besides , if her fact had made her no christian , shee should be rebaptized : but shee hath still the character of baptisme , and hath right to the inward comforts of it , if she repent : and so , in her state , and right , her bastard hath a right also . Secondly , I answer , that her scandalizing of the church , where shee lives , doth not deprive her selfe , or her childe , of the right of christianity . As for her childe , the scandall was given by the mother , not that , who is a sufferer in the shame of the sinne , not a doer in the worke of it . As for her selfe , though her scandall deprive her of the best comforts of christianity , till she repent : yet not of a right to some of the outward priviledges of Christianity , whereof the baptisme of her childe is one . And this the rather , because an harlot amongst christians , having a bastard and not professing her selfe sorrowfull , and that shee doth believe in Christ , is not ( for ought I know , or have heard ) to bee found what ever her heart be . Now , secondly , to the question it selfe , I answer , that no man either in that church , or over that church , ought lawfully to stay bastards from baptisme . Because they that are in the covenant of Christianity ( as those that are to be regenerated , though not yet actually regenerate ) are not to be stayed from baptisme : but the bastards of christian harlots are in such a covenant of christianity : therefore they ought not to bee staied from it . That it is thus with christian harlots appeares thus : because if a christian church be in the covenant of christianity , then all the members , and matter of it are : therefore the church of Corinth is called the body of Christ , in respect of the covenant of christianity , though fearfull wickednesse was acted in that church about word , sacraments , and conversation . But such bastards are some of the members of a christian church , therefore they ought not to bee staied from baptisme . That they are mēbers of a a christian church , appeareth thus , Because all that are within the Jurisdiction and judgement of a christian church , are the members and matter of it , for ( saith Paul ) What have I to do to judge them that are without ? but bastards of Christians are within the judgement and jurisdiction of the Church : for else , why were they circumcised of old , and some way censured to certaine generations ? and why in the Christian Church have susceptors ( or God-fathers ) beene appointed for them , to undertake for their education ? Therefore are they members of a Christian Church . Secondly , the proceeding of Abrah●m ( the father of the faithfull ) in his house when he was called into the covenant of circumcision , ought to bee a president to christian Churches in the covenant of Baptisme . But Ishmael was circumcised as wel as Isaack , though Agar bro●ght h●m forth unto bondage , If then no men ought lawfully so to doe , surely such Bastards are not to be denyed baptisme finally , or to be suspended from it in due time , understanding it as is before said . Thus have I answered these questions . But I know , others have answered otherwise : let it therefore bee heard and examined . Some have answered negatively , that Bastards ought not to be baptized untill their mothers be reconciled to God openly in the Church , in the which her child is to be baptized ; let us therefore . 1 Heare their reasons for their opinions . 2 How they maintaine it again● ob●ections made . Their reasons are two . First , because all they , and onely they may be baptized , which either doe actually beleeve , or are of beleeving parents : but bastards in infancy , doe not beleeve actually , nor are of beleeving parents : therefore they are not baptizable . But I answer to the argument , and application of it . The argument is imperfect : for what if bastards bee such as whose parents are unknowne ? in such a case the learned say well , if they shall be borne among christians , the law of charity is to repute thē for the children of christians , if there be not a just cause to presume otherwise . Therefore the argument should runne thus . All they , and onely they should bee baptized , which either doe actually beleeve , or which are of beleeving parents , or in charity may bee presumed so to bee . To the application of it to bastards , I say ; none will resolutely affirme , that Christian bastards while they are infants , are neither actuall beleevers , nor of beleeving parents , nor may bee presumed so to bee : will they hold , that in the act of adultery there is an utter falling from the covenant of christianity ? Have they not read of taking the members of Christ , and making them the members of an harlot ? or will they hold that the act of whoredome doth utterly extinguish baptismall grace in the parents ? I thinke they will not ; I know they cannot . No corporation doth cast off their members from their enfranchisements before triall , convictions , and judgement : much lesse will Christ . Yet they say two things in their owne defence . First , that bastards beleeve not actually . Indeede it were too lofty to say that they beleeve as men of yeares who are wrought upon by the word , and prayer . But were it not very harsh to say they are infidels ? Are they not members of a Church in the outward covenant of christianity as well as others ? Have they not read of the seedes of faith , in such ? or that Christ speaking of little ones , saith , they beleeve in his name ? It may be , he speakes of such as were admitted already into the covenant of circumcision : but may not they judge charitably of Bastards , in such a case , seeing ye see , or may see ( in the issue ) bastards to live graciously in the bosome of the Church ? If they know none such , yet I doe ; blessed be God. Secondly , they say that the fathers and mothers of bastards are unbeleevers : because they are unjust , they worke from the flesh , they are shut out of the Kingdome of heaven , and they provide not for their owne : and thus they reason . They that are unjust , bring forth the fruits of the flesh , shut themselves out of the kingdome of heaven , and provide not for their owne as they ought , are unbeleevers . But fathers and mothers of bastard are such : therefore they are unbeleevers . To this I answer two waies . First in generall , by using their own reason layed otherwise thus . They that are unjust , live in the flesh , shut themselves out of heaven & proprovide not for their own are unbeleevers . But many christian parents of children lawfully begotten are such : therefore they are unbeleevers I confesse there is some difference to be put here betwixt parents of lawfully begotten children , & parents of bastards , because those doe it in an act of justice and goodnesse , and that by Gods ordinance if they doe it as they ought ; and these doe it in an act of impudence and injustice . But if an act of injustice and uncharitablenesse doth of it selfe , make them unbeleevers , as they are such , then it reacheth to the one as well as to the other . But there is no good religion bids us to thinke that an act of injustice in the parents should put a child both into the state of sinne ( in the neglect of a sacrament , ) and into the state of punishment ( in being deprived of it ) when yet the child hath not followed , nor countenanced the parents wickednesse . Secondly , I answer in particular to the argument , and first to the ground of it , that such wicked christians are not so unbelievers as to bee quite unchristianed , and so to be deprived , in themselves , and their bastards of the sign and seale of the covenant . There are two sorts of unbelievers ; unbelievers in part , rnd unbelievers in whole : unbelievers in part , and in some particulars , when the word of God is not so received of them , as the rule of faith and obedience in some particular parts of it as it ought . Of these there are to many amongst us , and all christian churches . From hence proceedes that , they not believing the word of chastity , are unchaste , the word of justice , are unjust , and the word of care for children , are carelesse , and the like , Vnbelievers in whole , when christianity is dead in them at the roote ; as when the whole saving word is rejected . This is that unbeliefe which doth unchristian a man and woman , and if it be finall , is a state of Paganisme . Though ( it may be ) there be such parents in the eyes of God ; ( yet I thinke ) few or none are such among Christians in the eies of the church . They will all professe to believe in Christ , and when they are convincingly moved , will lament their sins , and promise to doe so no more . To the application of the argument to fathers and mothers of bastards in a christian church , that they are such , is an unsufficient plea. And whether they bee so , to the cutting of them off from Christianity in generall , and making their bastards unbaptizable , judge by what is said , and what followeth . Secondly , they give another reason thus . They that have no grace already conferred , are not to bee made partakers of the signe and seale of grace . But bastards have not grace conferred , they neither actually believing , nor being borne of christian parents : and therefore they are not to bee baptized , I answer , they meane not ( I thinke ) the inward grace of actuall faith , such as Abraham had ; for then , why was Ishmael circumcised ? But they meane the outward grace of having right to the signe and seale of the covenant ; and thus their application to bastards is false : understand their argument thus . They that have not the outward grace of right to the signe and seale of the covenant , are not baptizable . What though Abraham had true actuall faith when hee submitted to circumcision , doth it follow that all that succeed him in circumcision should have so also ? Prove that and turne Anabaptists : take away circumcision and baptisme from all infants . Therefore I deny the application , that bastards of wicked christians have not the grace of right to baptisme . They have a right to receive that right whereto their parents have a right to convey : and certainely these have a right to convey the right of baptisme to their children ; both as they are believers of the word of salvation by Christ , and as they professe to stand in such a way , though they are wicked and ungodly in particular acts . They have a right also to the offers of grace in a christian church , and so have a right to baptisme : for heerein God offereth grace by way of signe , and seale of Gods covenant . To understand this , conceive these two points . First , the difference of the offer of grace to them within , and to them without the church . They without have a right to it in the word : for I may preach the word to a Iew , Turke , Heathen , if hee come within my limit , and will heare . But they within have a right unto it in the word , and sacraments , according to Christs commission . Secondly , the priviledge they have by it , is , not to bee graffed into the body of Christ , according to the election of grace , but according to the profession of the Gospel , and the state of the church visible heere . Thus their reasons are voide from proving that bastards are not baptizable . Now marke what reasons they make , and finde against them , and what they answer . First , some of the bastards predecessours Objection . 1 have beene believers , and this is sufficient to admit them to baptisme , according to the promise made to believers , and to their posterity . This is a poore objection , thus propounded . For what Iew , Turke , or Pagan is there , who may not pretend that some of their predecessours have beene believers , if the Gospell have beene preached thorough the world . They must be predecessours in a christian church , in outward covenant with God. But let us see their answer . They give a text to prove the contrary , and require a text to oppose them . Their text is Saint Paules , who speaking of immediate parents , saith , except one of them are believers , their children are uncleane , but now ( by the faith of one ) they are holy . They will not prove ( I hope ) that believers children are holy by an infused , or derived holinesse from them : for from them they are the children of wrath , but onely that they have a foederall holinesse , by which they have a right to bapti●me . Neither will they prove that it is necessary to a childs baptisme , to have immediate predecessours such believers , as doe in all things contrary to such sinnes as doe wound or waste a good conscience . It is enough i● one be a believet , that is , a doctrinall christian , though like the worst in the church of Corinth . If hee bee a Iew , the Apostle calls him circumcision , and if hee professe faith in Christ , hee is a christian for his owne , and his childes baptisme . What though the Apostle speakes of immediate parents there , where hee speakes of a church newly converted to the faith from heathenisme , and so to be a church that wanted predecessours before times ? may wee not therefore make use of other texts more comfortable for us ▪ who have had the Gospel a long time , and that , sealed with such christian bloud ? If now they require a text to oppose them ; let them take that , The promise is to you , and to your children . But they answer , that the unbeliever , and his children , are not the posterity of the believer ; I say , yes , if they be members of a visible church . Those wicked kings of Iudah , that were idolaters , were the posterity of Abraham , and David , and had right to the promi●es made to them , yea , and to the ever blessed Messias , who descended from them . If they repented not , they had no inward comfort from him , yet had they outward right unto him , by vertue of the promises made to Abraham and David . But they say , can uncleane bastards be the seed of the believing ? I answer , that I approve that in these termes they expresse hatred to the sinne : but in that they forget a foederall cleannesse in uncleane christians children , by vertue of Gods promise to believers foregoing them , they goe the right way , not onely to fill he I with bastards , but with true begotten children , whose immediate parents are ( too often ) guilty of greater sinnes then whoredome , though that bee damnable enough . Secondly , they finde another objection ; Objection . 2 God hath promised to shew mercy unto a thousand generations , to them that love him and keepe his commandements . Therefore bastards of wicked Christians are baptizable . The reason should have been put thus : God hath promised to shew mercy to a thousand generations of Israelites in outward communion with him : for otherwise it followes not , that the bastards of christians are baptizable . But what answer they ? They say Solution . 1 three things ; first they say , it followes not : because bastards are not the generation of them that love God , and keepe his commandements . Take heed : was not Davids child got of the wife of Vrijah the generation of them that loved God at all , though in that act David loved him not ? nor was Ishmael the generation of Abraham that loved God , though in that act ( out of ignorāce not wholy excusing ) Abraham loved him not ? yes , as Iosiah was the generation of them that loved God , though Manasseh his father had long and fearefull fits of cruell Idolatry : so in this case , bastards may bee the generation of them that love God , though their immediate Solution . 2 parents in those accursed acts , loved him not . Secondly , they say , that it is one thing to say , that God will shew grace and favour to one , and another thing to say , that he is already in grace , as hee must bee that is baptized . I have answered before , that the bastards of Christians have the grace of right to Baptisme , and that is sufficient in this case : for otherwise , Ishmaels right to Solution . 3 circumcision cannot bee found . Thirdly , they say , that that promise of God in the second commandement may have a double sence , first , that God will extend his mercy to many ages on them that love him , when they are come to age , and capeable of his love by practise . But thus they make them that love God to bee the posterity , when it is plaine , the promise was made to them that received the law then , and were to continue in the profession of saving truth , and so to all others in such a case . Secondly , that God will shew little children favour for their fathers and mothers sake to a thousand generations . But this they thinke , cannot bee meant , neither in deede is , as I conceive Yet then adde a third sence , which they forget , that God will shew the posterity , that continues in the profession of his name , favour ; not for their parents sake , but for his owne sake , for his promise sake , which he makes to them that love him , and that , for many generations ; and then I reason thus . That which keepes the generations to come , who live as professors in the visible Church in covenant with God , that gives infants of such parents right to the seale of the covenant , of which they are capable . But Gods promise to faithfull parents in the visible Church , keepes such generations to come in covenant with God : and therefore have they right to the scale of the covenant , whereof they are capable . Now whereas they aske , whether all children , or some have right ? I answer , all , to the grace of right to Baptisme . Thirdly , they bring forth another objection , Objection . 3 that if bastards bee withheld from Baptisme , there will be no difference put betwixt Bastards and their parents . They answer here what if there be no difference put ? And whatsoever the objection bee , ( for I know not who ownes it ) they runne here a strange course . Out of a desire to honour the seventh commandement , they dishonour the first , and third . Let adultery bee abominable ( because whoremongers and adulterers God will Iudge ) yet let God have his honour in hating infidelity above whoredome . Let not the Scripture bee wronged ; but thoroughly weigh their words . They say first , that Bastards and their parents are all infidels : what ? though their parents bee Christians ? yes surely , say they ; because Saint Paul saith they are worse then infidels . Let them consider , because they are worse then carefull infidels , in not caring for their children ( which is against the fift and eight commandements ) are they worse then infidels in infidelity ? They are christians , yet worse , and better , worse in disgracing their posterity : yet better in beleeving still the doctrine of christianity , and so giving a right to baptisme . But they say further , that parents of bastards are worse in state then Turkes , and they would prove it from a Text of finall Apostacy : but what proofe this can be against an act of whoredome ( in the passion of lust , clowding reason in an heate ) I cannot tell ? Let a Turk be a Turk , but no worse ; and let a damnable Harlot be an harlot , but no worse . Her state is bad enough to bring her to hell without Objection . 4 repentance , but not to exclude her child from baptisme , if she be a Christian at large . Fourthly , they meete with another objection , that Bastards are borne , & the Church is their Mother ; therefore baptisme ought not to be denyed them . It should have beene put thus ; they are borne of Christian parents , who by profession are members of the Church , and so the Church is their Mother , and the mother of their seede ; and therefore to bee baptized . But in their answer , they fall into two errors . First , that the Church is a company of true beleevers whō God bath chosen to eternall life ; which Church I pray ? Not that whereof new borne bastards of Christian parents are by profession members . The holy Catholike Church , and proper body of Christ , may be defined by beleevers in that sence of it : but that the visible Church , in the outward face of it , is thus defined , wants warrant in the word of Christ . Thus the Church is a number of persons united according to the word . in the profession of saving truth , whether they are elect , or no. Their second error is , that Bastards are infidels ; for this can not bee conceived of bastards of Christian parents , as is before proved . Objection . 5 Fiftly , they yet finde more arguments to oppose them : Bastards may belong to Gods election , and therefore are not to be denyed Baptisme : It should have beene thus set : They may belong to Gods election as members of the visible Church : for otherwise election may belong to Jewes and Turkes , who yet are not Baptizable without personable profession . But they answer thus , it must not be said , they may belong , but they doe belong to Gods election : for otherwise the signe is not to bee administred unto them . Doe they consider how thus they take away Baptisme from all men , women , and children ? The Lord knowes who are his and the Church reaches but to the judgement of charity . A judgement of certainety , to warrant us in these acts is no where granted , though baptisme bee deferred to the last gaspe for any thing knowne to me of faith . Objection . 6 Sixtly , they further finde another argument against them ▪ that if bastards were denied baptisme , this were to make the children to beare the iniquity of their Parents . But may they not rather thus dispute ? The children whose parents have a right to baptisme , have also a right to baptisme themselves , notwithstanding their parents personal faults ; for otherwise they shall be punished for parents faults : But the christian parents of bastar●s have a right to baptisme themselves : and therefore so have their children . They have a right of possession to the baptisme they have : and a right of expectation to the comfort of it , upon their faith and repentance . But take their answer , and they say foure things . First , that they do not meane to deny baptisme , but to defer it . Indeed heere is some charity , but not enough , upon former grounds , Againe they say , to defer baptisme is not to punish them for their parents sinnes ; yes that it is , if it bee meerely inflicted for parents sinnes . Though the baptisme of children of believers is not to remunerate them for their parents righreousnesse , but a blessing upon them for Gods promise sake to believers ; yet to deprive infants of it meerely for parents sake , is a punishment for parents sinnes . Thirdly they say , that the Prophet Ezekiel speaks of actuall sinnes of great ones , and not of little childrens sinnes : and when they have sayd thus , they confesse it is not to the purpose heere . Yet consider this point : Can any man be guilty of the personal sinne of another , with whom onely there is communion of suffering , and not of sinning ? God forbid , and yet such is the case of infants from us . Lastly they aske , what danger is it if bastards should bee unbaptized till they are of yeares ? I answer , there are dangers more then one . The danger of injustice at large , in withholding a right from them : yea , may I not call it sacriledge ? The danger of the neglect of this ordinance , which is the ordinary way of God for entrance into the visible church . And the danger of elevating baptisme above the mind of Christ , who will have grace offered to all entring christians in it , yea , and given by way of promise and covenant which shall not faile to the receivers . Lastly , they yet finde another reason against Objection . 7 them : that though the parents of bastards have greatly sinned , yet we ought to judge charitably of them , and of their children . I lay it downe otherwise , thus : They who ( at least ) in the judgement of charity are christians , ought not to have their children kept from baptisme : but the parents of bastards in a christian church , are ( at least ) in the judgement of charity christians , ( for otherwise they were rebaptizable ) therefore their children ought not to be kept from baptisme . Now take their answer . They say , the judgement of charity ought alwaies to be according to truth . This is true , of truth probably presumed . But what doe they assume ? that whoremongers and harlots cannot bee judged such while they are in their sinnes , which make them unbelievers . But say , I pray : Is their sin properly against faith or manners ? Is the bad working , or idlenesse of faith , in this sinne against manners , of such power , as utterly to roote out their doctrinall faith , which yet is sufficient to intitle their children to baptisme ? If they answer but these demands well , they shall see their owne errours . Thus have I taken in by the way , a view of th●s question , which ●s not an every day doubt , and is usefull ●or the quieting of many godly persons in this particular ▪ and my conclusion is this . That in the reforming of our visible church , which consisted of visible christians before ( though much out of order ) wee , their seed , in their right , and so in a right of our owne were more purely baptized , and so made true members of our true visible church , whatsoever Brownists plead to the contrary . For as bastards of christian parents have a right to bee baptized into their parents christianity : so much more had wee into ours . Our predecessours had a state whereof they repented ; and so have these of which they should . If neither of them repented as they should , yet were both of them true christians : and so both their posterities were rightly baptized , and made true members of a true visible church : i● not for such governement as Brownists dreame of , yet to be governed as members of Gods house , for conviction , or conversion to life . SECT . 10. Brownists third exception against us about the head of our Church . WEe having now done what the Brownists do mean by a true church and the falsitie of it ; and with the entrance into it : wee are now come unto their third exception , taken from the head of a true visible church . They finde from time to time our kings to interpose their authority over every particular assembly in our church , for the keeping of them in pious , and peaceable wayes , according to the lawes of God and our church , and common-wealth : and because they fansie no visible churches , but particular congregations , which must bee fully furnished from Christ , with power of governing themselves : and they doe perceive withall that the supreame authority of a king over churches , doth ( according to kingly duty ) hinder their erecting of new waies , and tie them up to observe the laudable customes of the church : therefore ( as if they willingly subscribed to the speech of Gallio , that wicked deputy of Achaia , If it were a matter of wrong , or wicked lewdnesse , O yee Iewes , reason would that I should beare with you , but if it be a question of words , and names , and of your law , looke yee to it , for I will be no judge of such matters ) , they cry out , wee have no head but Christ : he shall rule over us : we will wait upon him onely : but you have another head , and that is the king , whose lawes you follow for government of the church , and upon whom ye do depend for building , or pulling downe whatsoever Christs law saith . Now , to pricke and open this blister , consider , 1 That Christ is the head of the catholicke Church , 2 That Christ is the head of particular Churches . 3 That Christ is the head of our church . 4 That the headship of the king , doth not hinder but helpe this , and that according to Christs word . That Christ is the head of the catholicke church , no christian will deny , or if hee doe , he will bee convinced by scriptures , which teach him to bee the head of the body , even his church . He hath in him most perfectly , whatsoever may be for the life and salvation of his church . He hath all things subjected to him for the behoofe of his church . He takes up all debates , suites , quarrels , and controversies betwixt God and his church , as a counsellour , advocate , yea , husband for his wife . Hee is the Prince of our salvation , the proper fountaine of all spiriruall life and governement . No head is such an head as hee is : Politicall heads give the influence of civill favour ; Oeconomicall heads of houshold , and wedlocke favours : but this all-sufficient spirituall head , of saying favours , spiritual blessings in heavenly things . This therefore is certaine , that thousands in this catholicke church doe runne into folly , rebellion , and blasphemy . Into folly ; because they doe things without the generall , or particular direction of Christ : Christ is not in all their counsels . Into rebellion , because they doe things against the direction of Christ : let Christ say what he will , they will do what they list . Into blasphemy , because they think not Christs counsel worth the while , s● long as they can shift without it : it is good when they are sicke , but if well , it is but as Elias to Ahab , a troubler of Israel . These may be in the catholicke church , they are not of it , because Christ is not their head by infusion of grace . Secondly , it is true also , that he is the head of particular churches , and visible assemblies . Therefore the church of Corinth is called the body of Christ , and members in particular . This church ( as any other particular church ) may be considered two wayes : In it selfe , and so it was a body : with reference to other churches , and so it was a member of the catholick church . But consider it both , or either of these wayes ; if it bee the body of Christ , if a member of his body , or if both , Christ is the head of it : hee is in the midst of the seven golden candlestickes . Therefore also the church of Ephesus , is called the house of God : and as in an house there is an head , the husband is the wifes head ; so , but more transcendently , is Christ the head of every particular house or church . For God hath set his sonne over his own house , and our high-priest is over the house of God. This is t●ue . But thirdly , say the Brownists , what is that to us ? Christ is not our head . Yes , Christ is the head of our church of England . For doe but consider 1 Wherein Christs headship stands ? 2 How hee useth and exerciseth it ? Christs headship doth stand in providing fit meanes for the gathering and enlarging of his visible church , or churches , and making them effectuall . There is a foundation to bee layd , which properly is Christ , and for , and from him the Prophets , and Apostles . There are builders , yea master builders , as well as others , to bee provided . There are materials to be at hand , saints by calling some of which grow up to be lively stones , a spirituall house , that they may be Gods building . These faithfull ones must be laied and coupled together , as by joints , till they grow into an holy temple , for the habitation of the Lord , by the spirit . Now , that this may be done , Christ is the principal agent , he adds unto his church , that they may come to the father by him . And withall hee provides his word , that they might believe , and ministers , by whom they may doe it : and the sacraments , that they may bee baptized into his death , and have the communion of the bloud of Christ . Hee rests not heere , but to make them effectual , in the use of these means , hee comes amongst these citizens with the saints , and grants to those that by grace receive the spirit which is of God , repentance unto life , and faith to purifie their hearts : and so hee addeth to the church from day to day , a great number that believe and turne unto the Lord. But for those that come in to the voyce of the word , and supper of the gospel in word and sacraments , and have Simon Magus , Iudas , Hymeneus , Alexander , and Demas his heart , if the conviction of themselves , and the conversion of others , and their perseverance doe them no good , he shewes sometimes what they deserve , by fearefull judgements , and the censures of the church , but hee will shew it in full power when the great day of separation comes . Now looke , ( in the feare of God ) whether our ever blessed Iesus Christ bee not thus our head . Have wee not ( thorough grace ) the word of God , gifts , ministery , and sacraments from Christs rule ? Say the Brownists , ye have not all Christs ordinances , yee want his discipline . To that I shall speake in due place : in the meane time , put case it were true ; yet were it a true visible church , though not a perfect one . That is an ordinance for the comely and well being , not for the being of the church . But it lies upon them to prove that , what they say we want , are Christs ordinances , and branches or his kingdome . This they never can doe by the undoubted word of Christ . Besides , hath not Christ our head , in the use and exercise of these blessings manifested his effectuall power ? How many iniquities are subdued , and sinnes cast into the depthes of the sea ? what place is there , where we shall not find the serpents head broken ? Some have beene in their ordinary businesses , as the woman of Samaria , and have come off with the bells of the horses , pots in Ierusalem , and Iudah ? as well as pots in the Lords house , engraved with holinesse unto the Lord. Some have been disciplined with the misery of the h●sks of swine , and have beene translated out of the kingdome of darkenesse , into the kingdome of Gods deare sonne . Some have heard and read good things to scoffe and cavill at them , but have been suddenly changed from glory , to glory , as by the spirit of the Lord. Some have breathed out the stinking breath of sinne , as Saul , and others have seene the heates of persecutions , and they have returned home to call upon the name of the Lord Iesus , both theirs and ours . Yea , and some have seene others fall away from the faith of Christ , and by the preaching of Christ , have met with graffing in , the riches of the Gentiles , reconciling , and salvation . And though with Christ they have had a sword sent , yet bonds in Christ have beene famous , and the brethren in the Lord have waxed confident , and bold to speake the word without feare . Thus hath it beene with our blessed church : the kingdome of heaven hath suffered violence , and the violent have taken it by force . But the ministery of the Brownists hath had no such communion , and influence , with , and from Christ our head ; one of a city , two of a tribe , heere a little , and there a little , doth not answer , in a continuall course from Christ hither , the power of Christs intercession , for the heathen for his inheritance , and the uttermost part of the earth for his possession . But ( say the Brownists ) wee have other heads besides Christ . I say we have no other mysticall head beside Christ ; but onely politicall heads to keepe peace , and to see that every person , within their compasse , doe his duty religiously . Thus the husband is the wives head ; the honorable man the head ; Saul , the head of the Tribes ; and Moses chose men of courage , and made them heads over the people . But ( say they ) our King is our head , so as to rule in matters of religion . This is true : yet ( fourthly ) co●sider that this headship of the King doth not hinder ●ut helpe the advancement of Christs headship , and that according to the word of Christ . To cleare this , follow mee in two particulars . 1 That God hath given a power of governement to the Church for the well ordering of it selfe . 2 That Christ hath made Kings prime officers to advance it in their places . As a man cannot well be without cloathes & good nourture : so neither can the Church well be without the walles of government . She must also bee able to hold up her head against her enemies that shall say , by what authority dost thou these things , and who made thee a man of authority ? Therefore hath Christ given the particular , or generall rules of the word , to give a commission to the Church to governe it selfe both in matters of substance , and in matters of circumstance . In matters of substance it hath power to governe it selfe , by ordering concerning the Word , Sacraments and Prayer , so as to make them most comfortable : concerning Church Offices from time to time , and duties of charity : concerning the Churches censures , publike assemblies , and oversight that all these bee done to the honour of Christ , and advancement of religion . In matters of Circumstances , it hath power to ordaine some outward rites and ceremonies for the outward carriage of Gods worship . In the Church of Antioch there was a question a-about Circumcision ( an uselesse , because dying ceremony then . ) The Apostles , Elders , and brethren at Ierusalem ( by their consent and to encourage them in grace ) consulted about it , and delivered their judgement as a rule for the Church to follow . They disanulled the ceremony of Circumcision in those Churches troubled : and establish others for a time , as abstaining from meate offered to Idoles and bloud : which yet in themselves were but things indifferent . For meate commendeth us not to God : for neither if we eate , are we the better ; neither if we eate not , are wee the worse . Againe in the Church of Corinth , there was a custome which grew to a publicke order in the Church , of covering and uncovering , to signifie the headship and soveraignty of the man , and the subjection of the woman . This was countenanced by the Apostle for the peace of the Church , and other otders established . Yea when he purposely treateth of acts of ordinary and extraordinary worship , hee gives them rules for the government and outward carriage of them , let all things bee done to edyfyng , and let all things be done decently and in order . Thus in matters of substance hath Christ made his Church able to governe it selfe by particular rules , and in matters of circumstance by generall rules of edification , order , and decency . Secondly , he hath also made Kings prime officers to advance this governement in their places . That hee hath made them Church-officers must be thus taken up . Not strictly , as Ministers , who have the highest hand under Christ in the Word , Sacraments , and keyes of censures Ecclesiasticall ▪ but largely , as those that are to care for good order about them . The offices of ruling and governing which Paul speakes of , cannot be proved not to belong to them . They are Ministers for our good : and our good is not chiefely civil ( I hope ) but spirituall . The Apostle would have us pray for them , that we may not onely live in civill honesty , but in Godlinesse , to bee countenanced , and established by them ? Surely being members of Church , they cannot but be chiefe ones too , as being Christs Lieftenants , who according to his promise are to bee nursing fathers , and their queenes nurcing mothers , who have their authority , breasts and duggs to reach the neede of all under them , to cherish and feede the Church of Christ according to his rules . It is true , they are servants to the Church , and all good Kings doe so acknowledge themselves : but not to be equals , or subjects to the members of the Church ; but to make their prime authority serviceable to the advancement of the Gospel for the salvation of Christs people . Hence is it that God hath given them a sword , that when they oversee the waies of the Church within their reach , they may maintaine the rights of it , and by a coactive and coercive power suppresse the opposites : for without this they cannot be the ministers of God for our good . But ( say the Brownists ) wherein stands this office of Kings in the Church , and over the members of it ? I answer , first , in calling of assemblies both civill and sacred . The two silver Trumpets wer given to Moses the magistrate : and least we should looke upon him as some extraordinary person , we see that right maintained by Ioshua , David , Solomon , Iehoshaphat , Hezekiah , and Iosiah . Secondly , in abolishing false worship , and establishing true , as we see in Asa , Iosiah , Hezikiah . Thirdly , in looking to the ministry , both that it bee sound and good ( as Solomon , who thereupon deposed Abiathar , and put Sadock in his roome , as hee performed other acts of justice by royall authority , and Iehosaphat who sent his princes to see that the Priests and Levites did teach the law of God in their cities : ) and that the ministery bee maintained according to the honours that God hath bestowed upon them , as Solomon , Hezekiah , Iosiah , and Nehemiah . Fourthly , in causing the people to serve the Lord , as Hezekiah , and compelling all that were round in Israel ( formerly professing Gods religion ) to seeke the Lord as Iosiah and Asa : Their people were in the house of God committed to their charge , and they will see them to live according to the order set by God. Lastly , in appointing consistories for the well ordering of the people ; as Iehoshaphat , who set over the Levites and Priests , and chiefe of the families of Israel , for the judgement and cause of the Lord at Ierusalem . All this is true ( say they ) of the Jewish kings , who were types of Christ : but wee reade of no such officers in the new testament . These men are liberall in making types of Christs kingdome ; but I wonder whence they will prove it , what word of Christ will they bring for it ? It is true , that in some things , some of the kings of Iudah were types of Christ ( as Salomon in his name and building the the temple , and David in his troubles , and victories , and as hee was a king , and a prophet ) : but that all the kings of Iudah were types in their governements over the church and state , even Saul himselfe , when God made him head of the tribes , cannot bee proved for Gods truth . And whereas they talke of no such officers in the new testament . Say it bee so : there were no christian Magistrates while those scriptures were in writing : and Christ knew them to be sufficiently instructed in the old . This is a sure rule , that what is warranted in the old testament , and not contradicted in the old or new , may ( as the warrant goes , either by precept for things necessary , or paterne for things lawfull ) goe for currant still . But seeing the new testament saith , that wee must pray for kings , that by their authority wee may live in godlinesse , as by those that are over us for our good , spirituall and temporall , surely , they have warrant enough to use their power , over all their people to advance godlinesse , and the good of religion as well as justice . But ( say they ) it is for Christ , not for kings , to appoint orders about his worship . This is true for substantiall orders ; for these thas are in the will of Christ may not be altered : but for matters of circumstance , which concerne time , place , and outward forme , not determined , kings are bound , as supreame members of the church , over which they are , to use christian consistories to order them , so as may agree to the condition of his church , as well as the master of a family may command his steward to order his whole family , that the private worship in his family be not dishonoured . This ads both to the glory and strength of a church : to the glory of it , when kings are nourcing fathers ; and to the strength of it , when the power of a king is the churches , for the suppressing of vice , and maintenance of vertue . But then ( say they ) they may enjoine their owne inventions in stead of Gods will. I answer , that the inventions of men are of two sorts : of things contrary to the word of Christ , as worshipping of images , invocation of saints , forbidding marriage and meats , as these things which directly pollute persons , or times , or the like . These are impious : and it these are enjoined , christians must patiently suffer , and lovingly mourne , till in the day of Judgment God fanne away the chaffe . But there are others , which in their owne nature are indifferent , neither commanded nor forbidden by God ; and of which Christ saith , hee that is not against us , is with us . In these the christian magistrate hath a power for order , and uniformity . For if Godly persons may bring up customes in the times of Gods worship , as the Jewes did their Purim : and if Christians may order what garments women may weare when they come to church ( which Paul after allowed ) why ▪ may not the christian magistrate for the peace of his whole body ? But then ( say they ) this makes things arbitrary , and indifferent to become necessary . This is true : but you must conceive that a thing may bee said to bee necessary two waies ; necessary in it selfe , and necessary in the outward submission to the use of it . In it selfe , a thing indifferent cannot bee made necessary . It is alwaies as it is by nature , and conscience informed must so judge it , yet in the outward use , for the peace of the Church , it may upon command , become necessary . After the death of Christ , till the destruction of the temple , abstaining from things strangled , and bloud , circumcision , legall vowes , and purifyings were indifferent in themselves , ( for else the Apostles would not have used them so ) : yet for the peace of some churches they were judged necessary to be yeelded in love ; and so may it bee in other things : yet the indifferent nature of things is not taken away , but the necessary use prescribed , for the peace of the church , upon better grounds then that wee should suffer our selves to be unsetled from royall power . But againe ( say they ) then kings may require such things as swarve from some holy patternes wee have in the scriptures ; and so by granting this governement , wee shall bee ill to helpe , I say , howsoever they use it , wee must grant what God hath given , as they are all the keepers of both the tables . If they use it well , thou must obey in the Lord If ill , thy prayers and teares must be thy weapons , and thy body must suffer his penalties , and it is praise worthy for thee to suffer , not in a supposed good cause , but in a good cause without controversie ( which is not the case of sufferers in these dayes of peace and the Gospel so farre as I know ) but for in●oynements , swar●ing from patternes . I finde this in scriptures , that Godly men have swarved from patternes , not seconded by a perpetuall law , which might seeme to bind stron●ly . The Jewes sate at the passover in Christs t●me ( or rather lay leaning ) though the first gesture was standing or walking : and godly men and women communicate in the morning , and in a Church , though the first patterne was otherwise : yea th●s is plaine , that Gods ceremonies might in some cases be dispensed withall without sinne , much more may men bee unlosed from patternes which are not the examples of a law binding so . I know it will be said that the examples of Gods people ( commended by the holy Ghost ) are every whit of as great ●orce as a command . It is true , if they be examples of a rule : otherwise they shew things lawfull , but not things necessary . Solomon indeede sayes , walke in the way of good men , and keepe the waies of the righteous . But good men , and righteous men are so with respect to Gods law after which they walke ; otherwise they are not so , though b●ng so good , they may give a patterne of that which is lawfull , but not necessary . My conclusion is this , that the Chur●h hath power to governe it se● ; by particular lawes in matters of substance , and by g●neral in the outward carriage of order , comlinesse , and edification . And when a king , as head of governement under Christ , puts in ●his authority and power for seeing things carried within the churches of his kingdome according to these rules , hee is a prime officer under Christ by Christs owne promise , and appointment , whatsoever Brownists can say against it . If they wil stil stand against it ( for few of them are found so humble as to search , and yeeld ) they cannot but know this , that in breaking the lawes of men that are not against Christ , they sinne against conscience . And as magistrates are incouraged to bee great helps to religion by obedience , so , by the contrary , they are provoked to trouble . This therefore is a sure rule , that a Christian that will not study to be quiet , in respect of the laws of men , what possible he can , is a singular burthen to the Church in which he lives . SECT . 11. Brownists fourth exception against us , about the members of our Church . WEe are now come from the Brownists meaning by a true Church , and their entrance into , and head of a true church , to the members of a true church . Heere they take on amaine , that the true members of a true Church ought to be saints by calling ; whereas ours are a mixture of good and bad , penitent , and impenitent , to the pollution of the whole body : and that , therefore we are not a true church . But this still discovers strange weaknesse . For put case a man had never a good finger , nor hand , never a good toe , nor foote , never a haire on head , or beard ; or if he have all his members , yet he hath the palsie in one , the goute in another , blindenesse in another , deafenesse in another , botches in another , numnesse and deadnesse in another , is hee therefore no true man ? Surely hee is a true man still , though a miserable one . So is it in a visible church ; many members may bee weake , and many wicked , as well as some truely gracious ; and yet , in the whole body a true church still . Peter and Iohn met with a beggar , at the gate of the temple called Beautifull , who was faine to be carried , because he was lame from his mothers wombe , and yet the holy Ghost calls him , a certaine man : and Paul met with an Apostolicall Church in Corinth , which was worse in many members then that poore cripple was , and yet hee called it a true church of God : for the God of truth admits of no falshood . But to cleare this more fully , I shall by ( Gods assistance ) consider three things : 1 What they say true , of their owne members and ours . 2 What they say false , of the members of a true visible church . 3 That their dreame of pollution , is from their owne braines , not from Christs ordinance . This they say truely , that the members of a true church are saints by calling . Profession of saving truth ( as I have shewed ) makes such true members ; and all that so professe themselves ( though there be much chaffe among the wheate ) are such saints by calling . He that professeth so much knowledge , either actually , or foederally , as admits him to baptisme , hath put on Christ . And he that hath put on Christ , though as an elect vessell as Paul , or as one in Christ bearing no fruit , and therefore justly to be cut off , is certainely a saint by calling . There are two sorts of saints by calling : such as are sanctified by habituall infusions , and actual expressements ; and such as are so by baptismal profession , and many gifts of the spirit , and so by consecration to God. This may fall upon those that are justly rejected for their hypocrisie and wickednesse These two sorts , have ever and ever shall ( to the end of the world ) make up the true members of a true visible church . This secondly , they say falsely , that the members of a true visible church , are onely such saints as are so regenerated , as they have actual communion with Christ in all the acts of saving grace . If they would sp●ake of the Catholick Church . It is the number of all faithfull people , which are united to Christ by the union of the body , head , spirit , and faith of truth . By the first , all members are knit together with the head in one body : and so receive grace from the head according to the measure of everie member . By the second , it hath but one head : As the body is but one , so the head is but one , from whence it receiveth the grace of life . By the third , the whole Church is directed and governed by one spirit , which is the spirit of sanctification . And by the fourth , the whole church receiveth the doctrine once given to the saints , which it cleaves unto for ever , that in this foundation , and love of union it may receive from Christ all saving doctrine , with the comfortable fruits of it . If they would speake of this catholick church , let them draw up the members to that sanctitie which the word , and world , will affoord . Nay , if they would speake of such members of the visible church , who shall from Christ receive al spiritual blessings in heavenly things , and be jointed into the body of Christ , till they come to a perfect man , unto the measure of the stature of the fulnesse of Christ ; let them speake of all holinesse too , so far as our knowledge in part can reach unto in this kingdome of heaven upon earth . If further they would speak of such members as are fittest to beare rule in the visible church : surely though Iudas be in as well as Peter by Christs his call , and yong Timothy , can worke the worke of the Lord as Paul doth : yet surely they that are best , and of ablest gifts are fittest for highest places in the visible church . Which because the Brownists perceive , therefore they having set up to themselves a governement of all the members ( which they cannot make good ) they thinke not onely the holiest persons to bee the fittest , but the onely members of their visible churches . If lastly , they would speake of those that are the greatest comforts , and ornaments of a visible church : then surely , holy persons are . For Davids eies runne over with water , when members in the church , as well as others kept not Gods law : yea , and it is a fearfull reproach , and tending to corruption to them that favour it . But when they speake of such members onely in the visible church , who are so holy as they imagine , to whom if others joyne themselves in spirituall communion , they are unchurched ; this surely hath no ground , but in their owne braine . This is an undoubted rule , that it is Gods will that a mixed company be invited to the wedding of Christ , the feast of the gospell , which makes up a visible church . The wedding of Christ is either compleate in heaven , or begunne in the church . To that in heaven , a mixed company is not invited , but conditionally , for no uncleane thing shall enter into the kingdome of heaven . To this in the church , a mixed company is invited , and thorough the power of the sweet word of grace , comes both to the word and sacraments ; as Symon Magus to baptisme , and the drunken and factious Corinthians to the supper of the Lord. And that it is Gods will to invite a mixed company appeares by texts , examples , and reasons . The text is cleare in Gods commission , Goe ye into the high-wayes , and as many as ye finde , invite to the marriage : and also in his servants execution , they went , and gathered together all ▪ as many as they found , both good and bad . All these were members of this feast , till God came and made the separation : and when he did come , hee blamed not his servants for inviting , and guests for being in communion with the unworthy , but friend , how camest thou in hither ? But ( say they ) what is this kingdome of heaven ? Is it not the world ? Doth not Christ himselfe so expound it in opening the parable of the tares ? The Field is the world . It is true , hee saith the field is the world , but hee saith not the kingdome of heaven is the world . Surely , the whole world lies in wickednesse , and is farre different from the kingdom of heaven in the church· Therfore doth not Christ say , the kingdome of heaven is like to the world , but it is like unto a man , this man is the son of man , who raiseth to himselfe a visible church heere . This he raiseth not in Jury onely , but ( now the separation wall is broken downe ) in the world . Here by vertue of his Gospel , he doth sow the children of the Kingdome , according to that promise of old , I will sowe her to mee in the earth . But the Devill , that envies Christs Kingdome ( not the world ) sowes the Tares which are the children of that wicked one . These Tares grow up in the Kingdome of Heaven , which is in the field of the world , with the good seed , and so long as the Divell is the Divell , and envies , it will be so . And it is Christs Judgement concerning them , Let them alone , till the harvest , least while ye pluck up the Tares , yee pull up the Wheate . Surely they were other than the weeds of the world out of the Church . These might have been plucked up without dangering the Church . They were blasted Corne upon one stalke , which from the power of the Gospel were called into the Church , but degenerated by the supersowing of Satan , into wickednesse in life and doctrine ; and so became as these Tares , which grow up together with this good seed till the Harvest . Thus the Text is cleare . Next for examples , looke to all the visible Churches that ever were , and they stand for a mixed company . In Adams house there was a Cain , in Noahs a Cham , and in Christs a Judas . But ( say they ) these were cast out . It is true , some way or other , but while they were in , they were true members of the visible Church , as those that could plead , Wee have eate and drunke in thy presence , and thou hast taught in our streets . Have we not by thy Name prophecied , and by thy Name cast out Devils ? Yet , in the Harvest , because they were onely outward , not inward members , they shall heare depart from mee , I know you not , to wit , to save you and bring you to life . As the Temple in Christs dayes was the house of God , and yet , by the mixture , a denne of theeves : so may the visible Church now be Gods Temple , and the habitation of Devils . In the Church of Corinth there were carnall people , an incestuous beast , denyers of the Resurrection , and drunken , and uncharitable partakers of the Sacrament of the Lords Body and Bloud , yet a true visible church of God then ; yea and after , when of all these wicked ones , none was cast out , but that one incestuous person . So in the Church of Galatia , there were false brethren that crept in , revolters from the Faith of Christ , who bewitched others with false doctrine against the foundation , yet was it saluted , and was , a true Church of God. If it seeme strange to men ( who would ingrosse all religion to themselves ) yet it doth not to Christ , who would have done otherwise , but did not for these causes . First , in respect of the Gospel , it is the sweet message of salvation , which cannot but allure all sorts . Who doth not desire salvation ? so long as they like the termes and conditions , they come , heare and receive ; and though they had rather have it upon their owne conditions , yet they desire salvation by Christ , and so all sorts are mixt . Besides the Gospel hath a double use ; to be a savour of life unto life , out of Gods intention : and to be a savour of death unto death , out of mans abuse . So long as God intendeth his grace that bringeth salvation , and appeares unto all men , and man abuseth it to sin that grace may abound , there cannot but bee a mixt company . Secondly , in respect of God : He is willing to manifest his divine goodnesse to all , both Iewes and Gentiles , in tendring the meanes of grace . He would have a ground of his mercy to spare wicked hypocrites for the godlies sake : and it is fit that he have arguments of justice within the Church , that the godly may feare and not sinne . So long as this goodnesse of God holds , and the reason of Gods state and government , there will be a mixed company . Thirdly , in respect of the godly . They must be tryed , and exercised in faith , wisedome , and patience . Heresies must bee amongst thē , that they that are approved might be knowne . As the Canaanites were left among the Israelites to prove them : so are wicked professors among those that are good : yea the goodnesse of the godly , by this meanes , is made more perspicuous . As it is a more grievous fault not to bee good among the good , so it is an high and excellent praise to bee good among those that are wicked ; as Zachary , Elizabeth , Ioseph , the blessed Virgin , Symeon , and Hannah , in bad times , and in a corrupt Church . Fourthly , in respect of Satan and ungodly men . God will not banish Satans malice , no not out of the Church here : therefore as of old , so still he permits him to sowe his tares . And hee would have the wicked to have many cords to draw them to Christ to bee more justly confounded . If the Word , Sacraments , Prayer , and the Examples of good men in the communion of goodnesse , prevaile not with them , their sentence will be manifested to be more just , when it shall be said , binde them hand and foot , cast them into utter darknesse , where shall be wayling , weeping , and gnashing of teeth . So long as God hath godly men in the Church to be tryed , and to be glorified : so long as Satan hath malice , and the wicked are under arguments of just conviction , there will bee a mixed company . Lastly , in respect of the Church , and the use of the Supper , whereunto it is invited , Christ hath committed unto his Church the exercise of censures according to the severall carriages of members . If there were to be none but good , loosing would be enough ; but seeing there are to bee good and bad , binding is necessary also . And that this is provided for members , is certaine ; For ( saith Paul ) what have I to doe to judge those that are without ? And for the use of Christs supper , whereto wee are invited , it is to give both the unions with Christ . The union of profession , and outward covenant ; when men professe themselves to be Christs , and therefore come to the coven●nt , in the word , and seales of it in the sacraments ; from which yet ( alas ) men for their sinnes , are daily cut off : and the union by power , and inward covenant ; when men in Christs wayes are Christs indeed , and therefore come to the covenant and seales , with an humble purpose to abide with him for ever . So long as the church hath censures to exercise upon her unruly members ; and both these unions with Christ hold true , there will be a mixture in the visible Church . But ( say the Brownists ) it is true , there may bee a mixture admitted to the hearing of the word , but not as members of the Church yet . And why so ? Surely , if they heare and consent unto it ( though in hypocrisie ) God accounts them in covenant , and then who shall deny them to be members ? Moses l●id before the face of Israel all the words which the Lord commanded him ; and the people answered , all that the Lord commands we will heare , and doe . This many of them did in hypocrisie , and therefore God complaines , O that there were such an heart in them ! yet marke what the Lord said to Moses , and Moses to the people . To Moses God said , write these words , for after the tenour of these words , I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel : and to the people Moses said , thou hast avouched this day , the Lord to be thy God , and to walke in his wayes , and the Lord hath avouched thee to be his peculiar people . Say I pray ; which of our members doe not thus readily professe ? who will say that he will not heare God , and do his will ? If they doe it in hypocrisie , woe unto them : if they doe it in profession , they are in outward covenant , as Gods people : if they are in covenant , who can denie them to bee members before they are cast out ? But they dreame of other members who must bee chosen into their congregations for governement , as those that have a full right from Christ to give voices for ordinations , elections , excommunications , absolutions , and the like , ( as if all the members of a common-wealth must bee counsellours , if not kings ) but where will they finde in Christs word , that none are members of a visible church , but those that are admitted members for government , I cannot tell , except they have a new testament not knowne to us . It is true , that Peter calleth Gods people , a chosen generation , a royal priest-hood , an holy nation . But I hope , he doth not write to any particular visible church , but to the dispersed saints in divers churches , that were elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father , None will deny these to be true members of the churches where they live : and if they doe deny others , who have not such high graces as these had , to be members of a visible church as well as they , ( though notwithstanding their profession to bee servants of Christ , they flatter with their mouth , and lie with their tongues , because their heart is not right with God , neither are they stedfast in his covenant ) they must denie the whole course of scripture , which must judge them at the latter day . But ( say they ) how can the wicked bee members of the church of Christ , seeing Christ is not their head ? Christ hath told no man thus . For though he be not their head by infusion of saving and sanctifying graces of the spirit unto eternall life : yet is he their head : ( as they are his members ) by professed governement . A good husband is the head of a wicked wife : and a good king is the head of wicked subjects : so Christ is the head of wicked members , to draw them to better courses , or to have them brought forth to bee slaine before him , because they will not that hee rule over them as he should . But ( say they ) the visible church is the kingdome of heaven : and wicked men are not the members of that . The kingdome of heaven stands in righteousnesse , peace , and joy in the holy Ghost : of this kingdome they are not members . But the kingdome of heaven is like unto a net , that gathered of every kinde ; of this kingdome they are members , till Christ cast away the bad in the end of the world . They are not in this kingdome by the power of godlinesse : they are in this kingdome by profession , and presence among and with the meanes of salvation , till the kingdome be removed from them . But ( say they ) wicked men are dead : and how can dead members bee members of a living body ? Iust as an unfruitfull , or rotten branch , is a branch , till it be cut off ; that bough is dead , ( say wee ) yet is a bough . That member is gangrenated , yet is a member till the Chirurgions knife comes and hath done its office . Sardis was a true visible church , yet had but a name to live , but was dead : so may wicked men be in the church , as members for outward communion , but not for inward comfort . Well ( say they ) : put case that wicked Christians are members of the visible church till they are cut off ; yet they should bee cut off in a true church , whereas they continue in yours , and are not cut off . Put case this charge were true ; yet Christ learnes not to argue from thence , that ours is no true church . This may make us a corrupt church , but not a false one . How many wicked members were in the only church of God in Christs time ; yet he separates not from it as a false church ? For as a tree , or man , or beast , may have corrupt members , yet not be false creatures in their kindes : so may it bee in a Church . And rashly to separate from such members , will not prove the correction of them , but their hinderance in good , when they see themselves contemned without conviction and judgement . Thus are they put further from the Kingdome of Heaven , and made seven-fold the child of hell more , to the hazard of all . But this is false that ungodly men are not cut off from our true Church . They are cut off two wayes , by acts of the state , and acts of the Church . The State , when they are judiciously tryed , cuts off many of them by the Gallowes : and in the Church they are cut off three wayes ; Ministerially , when by declaring Christs pleasure what they should be , and denouncing his wrath against them for what they are , the vile are separated from the precious , as those that have no actuall right to the salvation of Christ : professionally , when Gods good people pray against their wickednesse , reprove it , complaine against it , and practise otherwise in wills , affections , and whole courses , and are payed for it with their reproaches and persecutions : and lastly , Ecclesiastically , when by processe and publike tryall , they are cast out of our Synagogues and assemblies . If all tast not the bitternesse of this censure ( when Church-officers remember not the Oath of God , and so through feare , favour , and affection , bring them not before the Churches tribunall ) yet many doe to be examples to all , as in the Church of Corinth , whereof many wicked persons one incestuous beast was cast out . But ( say they ) you should separate from them all , at least in the Sacrament of the Lords Supper . The Apostle Paul saw all the disorders in the Church of Corinth , yet taught not a separation in this Sacrament , but gave this rule of remedy , Let a man examine himselfe : and to the Galatians he saith , Every man shall beare his owne burthen . Though in duties of charity we must beare one anothers burthens , yet in rendring of accounts , we must beare our owne : Which , were it well observed , it would make them more carefull to reforme themselves , then curiously to pry into , and censure others . Againe , put case wicked persons come to our Communions of the Body and Bloud of Christ , wee should not separate from them , but they should separate from us : It is but theirs by their profession , but it is ours by our power of grace . When things are naught wee must separate , but when they are good wee must stay in our owne right . It was sinne in Israel to separate from the sacrifices , for the mixture of Elies wicked sonnes whom God would destroy . But because this doth sticke so much with them , and their partners , that wicked men come to our Sacrament of the Lords Supper , I shall therefore ( by Gods helpe ) cleare these three particulars : 1 What right a wicked man hath by vertue of the gospel to this sacramēt ? 2 What benefit he can have from it ? 3 VVhat separation Gods word will warrant from such receivers ? For the first the sacrament hath a double office : to offer grace to them that will receive it according to their profession ; and to exhibit this grace offered to the worthy receiver . It doth the first , as a signe , the bread , and wine of the Lord ; these proclaime to all comers , that Christ is to bee had in the use of them , if they bee so disposed as they should , to take him . It doth the second as a seale , the bread and wine , which is the communion of the Lord. These proclaime to the faithfull , that they shall not onely have bread and wine , but Christ the Lord , as that Mannah that came downe from heaven to feede them to eternall life . The wicked Christian hath a right unto it as it offers grace , which he hath truely offered to him , on Gods part , in his invitation if hee will take it on Gods condition . The same right that Simon Magus had to baptisme , have wicked Christians to the supper of the Lord. He professed himselfe to believe in Christ , upon Philips preaching , and he had a right to baptisme , and was baptized . It is true that baptisme is a sacrament of our ingraffing into Christ , and the Lords supper of our growing into Christ . But he that is a baptized Christian , and hath understanding to examine and judge himselfe , cannot be denyed his right to this sacrament , as wel as to that . Both are but the seales of one covenant : and whosoever receiveth the word of Christ , and professeth to accept it by faith , hath a right to the offers of the grace of Christ in both the sacraments : but not to the exhibiting of it , if the barre of impure unbeliefe lyes betwixt God and his soule . If secondly , you aske what benefit this wicked man can have by this sacrament ? I answer , hee hath the benefit of profession ; he doth receive Christs liverie of servants , and doth submit himselfe to his ordinance , and acknowledge his publick authority for the benefit of his church . And this is a glorious benefit , in it selfe , for a christian to weare Christs badge . But hee doth not receive the benefit of the body and bloud of Christ , with the benefits of them to life : For if he did thus eate his flesh , and drinke his bloud , hee had eternall life . He brings his soule to the sacrament without the conditions of the covenant written upon it , and so , though he accept of the offer of grace in the signe , yet hee carries not away the seale of it , no more then Iudas did from the passeover . His right , and benefit therefore will bring little comfort to him at the last , when his reckoning comes . Thirdly , this wicked man having a right to it , and a benefit too , ( such as it is to him ) , you aske , what separation Gods word will warrant from such communicants ? I answer , that I cannot finde in the word of God , that any separation was made in the sacrament by the godly , from the wicked not cast out for their unworthinesse . All the ●ewes that were circumcised ( and not cast out of their synagogues ) were to eate the passeover , or dye : the children that could eat , as a sacrifice of thanksgiving , and growne persons , as a sacrament & seale of Gods covenant So all christians ( that are not infants , mad-men , fooles , and excommunicates , who cannot examine , and judge themselves , or are after conviction , notorious offenders , and so cast out ) are not repellable ( if they come ) from the sacrament of the Lords supper . It is true , wee reade much in the writings of men of suspensions from this sacrament , even of those , that were neither children , fooles , mad-men , demoniacks , nor excommunicate persons by private , ministers : but I would see this ( for the right of it ) soundly proved by the undoubted rule of Christ . I have read also , that the blessed Fathers , in the wary discipline fit for their times , did not onely proclaime before the sacrament by their Deacons , depart ye that are novices , possessed , and under your penance for your crimes ; but would not also admit any , but the believers , and the baptized , so much as to see the sacrament . I have reade also of the cautelousnesse of those holy men , in admitting penitents to the Lords table . As they first admitted them into the limits of the church : next to lye down as humble suiters , to forget scandall , at the church porch : next to heare , but not stay prayers : next to heare , and stay prayers too : next to see the sacrament of the Lords supper , but not to receive it : and lastly , when they were sufficiently humbled , and edged to those high mysteries , they were admitted to the Lords table . These courses had high and excellent use in those times , when they were to lift up the honour of the sacrament in the sight of infidels , and hold close such christians as played fast and loose with Christ , as peace , or persecution came . And though they had not particular warrant from God , yet it being done decently , in order , and for edification of the body , had warrant sufficient from that generall rule . As I have reade these things of times past , and admire them , so I know , for the present , that it were a glorious and comfortable thing , if none but holy persons would draw neere unto this holy table , as wee deale withall our communicants by way of exhortation , and perswasion from the danger of Iudas . This certainely is fullest of joy , when Christ meetes with none but his faithfull servants , and not one unworthy to trouble the day . But if wicked Christians that are not lawfully convicted , and are not notorious in law ( though they bee notorious in fact ) whether these , ( when they will offer themselves to the sacrament as Christs servants professing his name , to their owne hurt ) be to bee separated from , by the word of Christ , this is the question . I know we may by way of admonition , before hand , tell them of the danger , and by way of perswasion presse them better to prepare themselves : but wee may not for their sakes discommon our selves from the table of the Lord. If it were the table of devils , away we must goe : but being the table of Christ , if others abuse themselves at it without our fault , wee must accept of Christs love , and leave it to Christ to punish him , or them , that doe dishonour them . You know many theeves in this christian common-wealth ; will you therefore separate your selves from the common-wealth , because these theeves are in common body with you ? No : you will leave them to the lawes of it to bee punished , and as it lies in your lot , doe your best to further it , but you will not forsake the common-wealth : So must you doe to the table of Jesus Christ . The blessed Apostle saith , we have received power to edifie , not to destroy . And if wee should fall out with Christs supper for wicked mens sake , and separate from Christs ordinance , because wicked men will not use it as they should , and breake off from many godly persons , because more wicked persons are not excommunicate , for any thing I know , we may more destroy then edifie . But ( say the Brownists ) holy things must not bee cast to dogs and swine , the childrens bread must not be given to whelps . This is true , if we can helpe it . But every wicked christian is not a swine or dog , nor any alien from the cōmon-wealth of Israel , as the Canaanitish woman , till her new faith made her a prosilite . Not one of ten thousand of thē ( whom they so highly judge ) wil dare to trample the sacrament under their feet , and all to rent the giver of it unto them . But put case , that some such miscreant might bee found , because these reputed dogges and swine abuse it to themselves , will you abuse it too in separating from it which exhibits so much good . But ( they say perhaps ) the ministers might keep them away from it , but do not . By what authority might they ? Put case they had the authority of a judge ( which is false heere ) may a judge hang a thiefe before his trial ? So , nor may hee discommon any from the Lords table till trial and sentence bee past . If any wicked christian should say I am not excommunicate , I will receive , shall they disturbe Christs sonnes for the unmannerlinesse of such a servant ? Noe : God is not the God of confusion , but order . Let them come at their own perill , to our misery , not to our sinne when wee have warned . But ( say the Brownists ) we shall partake in other mens sins , and so be polluted with such communions . To make this vanish , it is the third and last point propounded , that remaines in this section to bee considered . That their dreamed of pollution is from their owne braines , not from the ordinance of Christ . They account all then polluted , that are in spiritual communion in the worship of God with wicked and ungodly men . But the Prophets reproved many abuses , and never taught any pollution , neither did God appoint any sacrifice to expiate such pollution . There was a sacrifice for the whole congregation , to satisfy for their sinnes of ignorance , but not to take off the guilt of pollution by a mixture in the service of God. God tyed them all to the kingdome , priesthood , and temple , and hee doth not tye men necessarily to sinne . The godly people in the time of the law , were never reprooved for the worship of God , though wicked men were present . Indeed the priests were blamed highly , as violaters of the law , because they put no difference betwixt the holy , and the profane , nor have shewed difference betwixt the uncleane and cleane ; and that justly too : because God had made them teachers of the people , and they neglected the sabbaths : and because he had made them ordinary Iudges in these , & other cases , according to his word . But they never judged the godly polluted , for not separating from the wicked in Gods service . Againe , Christ and his Apostles , reproved many corruptions in churches , yet never taught or practised separation upon a conceit of pollution . Yea , Christ commendeth the church of Thyatyra , for living wel , where corruption was . Iezabel was suffered there : yet as many as have not this doctrine , nor knowne the depthes of satan , hold fast till I come ; and he that overcommeth , shal have power over the nations . Surely the best were not polluted by the worst , nor taught separation , but constancy in good , and reward at last . But not to bee too large , consider thoroughly but these three conclusions . First , God doth acquit the godly from the sinnes of the wicked , though they bee mixed in the ordinances of God. They that walke in my statutes and ordinances , shall bee my people , but they whose heart walketh after detestable things , I will recompence their way upon their owne head . The soule that sinnes , shall dye , not he that is guiltlesse . The wicked shall die in his iniquity , but warne him , and thou shalt deliver thy soule . I am confident ( saith Paul ) that you will bee no otherwise minded , but hee that troubleth you shall beare his judgmēt , whosoever he be . To the pure , all things are pure , but to the impure nothing is pure . All there were in spirituall communion together , yet God doth not cast the sinnes of the guilty upon the innocent , but doth acquit the one , and accuse the other , Yea but , ( say the Brownists ) God doth not acquit them that consent to the wickednesse of others . This is most true : we must neither sinne , nor have fellowship with sinne , nor consent to sinners : If we doe , we make other mens sinnes our owne . Now we may be said to consent to sinne , both in things lawfull , and in things unlawfull . In things unlawfull when wee have fellowship with wicked doers , and are accessary to their offences : and this may bee divers wayes , whereof some are proper to superiours , and some common to all . Superiours may bee guilty of other mens sinnes two wayes , by command , and by connivence . By the first , if they injoyne that which is evill , all the evill that is done upon their injunction is theirs , whether it bee publike or private . Nebuchadnezzar by law and edict , was guilty of all the Idolatry and cruelty which did insue upon it . Therefore woe to them that decree wicked decrees , and write grievous things . Saul was guilty of that murther done upon the Lords Priests : and David of the death of Vriah , because they commanded them . By the second , if they wincke at faults which are in their power to redresse . Iehoas● tooke not away the high places , and so was guilty of his peoples incense . Ahab wincked at B●nhadad , and let him go , when God had given him into his hands for death , and was guilty . Pilate wincked at the cruelty of the Jewes , and notwithstanding all his washing was guilty . David displeased not Adonjah from his youth , nor said ▪ Why dost thou thus ? and so was guilty of his riot and rebellion . All may be guilty of the sinnes of others , both before the offence be committed , and in , and after it . Before the offence , by provocation , counsell , approbation , and silence when called to speak . By provocation , either when men rage the heart , and fire the passions by thwarting and daring words or actions , as Iezabel , who provoked her husband Ahab : or when they allure and entise with sweet words , as that Harlot , Come let us fill our selves with love until the morning ; or with infecting and evill words . By Counsel , when men advise to any sinne : Thus Ionadab was guilty of the incest of Amnon ; Herodias of the bloud of Iohn Baptist ; Demetrius of the uprore against Paul ; and Balaam of Israels Baal-peor . By Approbation , when men doe not onely doe such things as are worthy of death , but favour them that doe them . This may be done directly , either by word of deed , as when Saul consented to the death of Stephen , and kept the garments of them that stoned him , or by interpretation , when a man is bound to withstand another mans sinne , and doth not either by word or deed . Moses hath given us a precept to speake in our places , and told us the danger of silence . To speake ill doth draw men into sinne , and to hold our peace ill doth leave a man in sinne . By example , when we live wickedly in the sight of others . For though , haply , the sinnes that wee practise bee not imitated of all : yet because wee have done what in us lies to set others a copy , which some will too greedily follow , therfore are we guilty ; we may be guilty againe of the sins of others , in and after the sin is committed , when men doe excuse , or defend the sinnes , or flatter men in them . Woe to them that speake good of evil , and evil of good . He that saith to the wicked , thou art righteous , him shall the people curse , as him that is guilty . Lastly , wee may bee said to consent to sinne , in things lawfull by scandall , when men use their liberty which God hath given them , in things indifferent ( left in their owne power to doe or not to doe ) to the wilfull offence , and snare of others that are weake . Of this Paul speakes doctrinally , it is good neither to eate flesh , nor drink-wine , nor any thing whereby thy brother stumbleth , and in his owne example , if meate offend my brother , I will eate no flesh while the world lasteth : so carefull was hee not to have communion in the sinnes of others . Now let us see whether we are polluted by the sinnes of the wicked by consent . Because they consent with us in doing of our good , doe wee therefore consent with them in doing their evill ? Their courses are daily reproved , both publickely , and privately : they are judged as such , whose examples wee would not follow for a world . They are neither commanded to doe as they doe , nor winked at when lawfully tried ; wee doe not provoke , counsel , or approve their cursed hypocrisies . They have no such examples from us : and have beene so long instructed , both by publicke instruments and preachings , and private conferences , that their scandals are taken , and not given , in those things ( free in themselves , but not to us by the command of lawfull authority ) whereat they will still take offence . How are we yet guilty of the sinnes of others to our pollution ? O say they , every congregation hath power in its owne hand to redresse things amisse , to repell wicked livers from our communions , whereas wee wait upon our king , when wee should doe it without him : and so are guilty of al the wickednesse of our assemblies . The vanity of this I have shewed in part before ; and shall doe it more in the next section : yet in the meane time , first wee confesse , that wee have power to redresse disorders : not in every particular church ; for then no man under the Gospel could perish in the gainesaying of Corah , as Saint Iude saith they may . Superiority was the cause of his mutiny , because he might not be equal to Aaron : but in every diocesse , where wee are governed not by the lawes of one man , but of Synods of Bishops and Presbyters : and if persons ( that should be as the house of Cloe , to informe , and that upon oath , of things amisse ) were not more to be blamed then offices , we might be as happy as any church under heaven . The impetuous carriage of some , who despise dominions , and speake evill of dignities , and that , without feare , and thinke it as easie to governe multitudes , as an handfull , makes them think otherwise : but if things bee weighed by the rule of the word , wisedome , and charity , it will bee found , I am sure , that wee have power indeed . But secondly , whereas they make us guilty of the wickednesse of our assemblies , by waiting upon the pleasure of our king , and not reforming without him , herein wee joy , yea , and will rejoyce againe : wee waite not upon kings and princes to bee Christians , and to serve God faithfully by the acts of true Faith , Hope , and Charity . If all the kings and Emperors in the world say against it , wee must , and ( by grace ) will doe it . Yea , if all the stormes in the world bee raised , we must strive unto bloud , but with teares , prayers , patience in suffering , not with armes , and violence . This we doe by private profession : but when it comes to a publicke reformation of Christian Churches already planted , it is our glory to waite upon Christian kings , whose subjects we are , that wee will not governe , but under him , nor build walls for the citizens of the saints , but under the defence of their swords ; especially considering that wee know , wee cannot without them mend our hands . When wee looke to the daies of Asa , Iehoshaphat , Hezekiah , and Iosiah , wee finde that no Israelite ever took upon him to reforme either without , before , or against them . When the Temple of Ierusalem lay waste , Zorababel and Ioshuah did nothing without Cyrus : nor did Nehemiah any thing without Artashashte . Indeed in their times , God knowing the time was come , when according to prophecie , he was to looke upon the desolations of Ierusalem , and restore it , prepared and whetted the hearts of the people of the Iewes , by Haggai and Zechariah , but they built nothing but by the leave of their Kings , and when countermands came , they laid downe their tooles , and the worke of the house of God ceased ; so good subjects they would bee notwithstanding the height of their Religion . But ( say they ) they should have done otherwise : For Haggai reproves them for letting the house of God lye waste , and God sends a famine upon them . This is true , they were too blame when they minded their owne houses more , and took not their seasons allowed them for this great worke . But that either the Prophet threatned , or God punished them , for not building when they were under the Interdict , that let them prove , and they shall have more said . How unhappy are they we now see , while they make our assemblies polluted for not doing that ( if we wanted it , as we doe not ) which is unlawfull for us to doe without lawfull authority ? The Apostles indeed planted Churches without waiting upon Heathen Kings ; but they had Apostolicall authoritie , & were to do according to Christs commission to them , which was out of date in their death : but we cannot reforme without or against Christian Kings ( if we could yet make a better reformation ) except they can shew a new Commission under Christs owne hand . If therefor wee have faults we cannot help ( and provided we consent not ) we are not polluted . The second conclusion is this , That God declares it to be a sinne for the godly to leave the worship of God for the wickednesse of those that come unto it . We know that the sinne of the sonnes of Ely was so great , that men abhorred the offerings of the Lord : but in so doing it is said , that the Lords people did transgresse , even unto a cry . Surely , this truth will not easily bee outfaced : yet some of them to avoid it say , that no marvell if morall wickednesse did not pollute the Iewish worship , because God required onely ceremoniall cleannesse then . But how false this is , appeares by Gods Covenant with Abraham , where God required sincerity : by the morall law which was Gods covenant : by Gods requiring , then , truth in the inward part : by his injoyning sacrifices for morall transgressions as well as ceremoniall : by his signifying of pollution by morall uncleannesses : and by threatning of morall sinnes , and abhorring all ceremoniall service ; when men sinned morally against God. Surely , their morall pollutions went beyond their typicall , and wrought their utter ruine at last , notwithstanding The Temple of the Lord , the Temple of the Lord : and yet Christ himselfe would not separate from such worshippers as were polluted , so long as the worship was Gods. It was fit for a Pharise ; it was not fit for Christ , who knew that to the pure all things are pure . The last conclusion is this , That the Scripture admits godly Christians to the holy things of God , though open wicked men be there . Divers good people goe to the Altar with their gifts : Some are in charity , and some wickedly uncharitable , their brethren have something against them . Now , Christ doth not bid them all goe away , because of that malicious man , but bids him that is malicious ( if he would have Gods blessing ) goe and be reconciled and come againe . Againe , when Paul saw fearefull wickednesse in Corinthian Communions , hee doth not bid them all abstaine for feare of pollution , but ( according as hee had received of the Lord ) he bids them examine themselves , and so let them eate of this bread , and drinke of this Cup , whatsoever others be . Certainely , the Apostle was not acquainted with the doctrine of the Brownists , which teacheth , that because another doth sinne , I may not doe my duty to God : because a wicked man will come to the Sacrament , I may not : because another man offendeth God , in serving him , I may not serve him then for feare of pollution . No king shall have subjects , nor master have servant , nor shall God have worshippers upon these termes . But ( say they ) the worship of God is polluted by such uncleane worshippers . This is true , but to whom ? to them that serve him aright , or to them that serve him amisse ? The Apostle saith , that the unworthy communicant eateth and drinketh judgement to himselfe , not to them that are better . It is true , that hee that touched a dead body , and purified not himselfe , defiled the tabernacle , but it was unto himselfe , who therefore was to bee cut off , and not others that were innocent . It is true too , that the judgement of the priests was right , that if an uncleane person touch bread , pottage , wine , oyle or meate , it shall be uncleane , to himselfe that is uncleane , but not to him that toucheth it that is cleane , and so a prophane christian that comes to the Lords supper , pollutes not what the minister performes , and good people receive , but what himselfe toucheth . It is true also , that a seditious multitude charged Paul falsely , that he polluted the holy place by bringing Greekes into the Temple . For , though God forbade the Israelites to admit the Moabites , and Ammonites , for a long time into the common-wealth of Israel , what is this to prose●ites , by profession , comming into the temple ? All this is true I say : yet this typical pollution ( which did not foreshadow the pollution of visible assemblies , but the holinesse and impurity and sincere Christians , and hypo , crites ) doth not prove the pollution of all worship to the good , for the naughtinesse of the bad , Christ is not so hard a master ; neither doth hee blame the worthy guests for being polluted by the unworthy , or suffering him to come in , but saith to him onely , friend , how camest thou in hither , not having on a wedding garment ? SECT . 12. Brownists last exception against our Church , about the governement of it , for Power . FRom the Brownists meaning , by a true Church , and their entrance into , head and members of a true church , we are at last come to the governement of a true church : and because they finde ours not to bee governed according to their fansies , therefore they except against it , as Antichristian , and therefore , not a true Church . It is true that governement is an excellent blessing , it is as the bridle to the horse , the rudder to the ship , yea , the lawes and judgement seate of a kingdome . A right to this cannot be separated from a true church . For if it bee a church , it hath right to Christs lawes , judgements , and executions to governe it as his kingdome upon earth . Yea , the use of this right cannot bee taken away , without the great sinne of them that doe it , and injury to the church from whom it is taken ; yea , the Church that is robbed of it , ought not to rest in this wrong , when they are so oppressed : but ought of dutie to pray to God for it , and humbly to supplicate unto men in authority , who are able , as Christs prime officers for the welfare of the Church , to helpe them at such a lift . But no Church ought to call for such a governement as Christ never commanded ; yea , no church ought when they have a governement sutable to the Apostles , and primitive times of the Church , and not contrary to any law of Christ , but sutable to his generall rules in the scriptures , for some pretended , or true defects in governement , to make a schism and separation from publick communion . Yes ( say the Brownists ) where government is so base , that foule corruptions rule , from such a Church wee must separate . But who laid this ( must ) upon you ? I am sure not Christ , who taught us otherwise in his blessed life . There were fearefull corruptions in the Church of the Jewes , both in the priests , in the people , and in the worship of God. In the priests , there was ignorance ; for they were blinde guides . There was ungodlines , for they said , and did not There was corrupt entrance into their calling ; for Caiphas was high-priest for that yeare : hee was Annuary ( be like ) though by Gods law the high-priest should continue during life . In the people there was obstinate wickednesse . They would have broke Christs necke downe a steepe hill . They rejected him , and chose Barabbas . They were in worse state then Tyrus , Sidon , and Sodome . They drew , and wisht the guilt of Christs bloud to bee upon them and their children . In the worshippe of God they used many superstitions precisely ; the temple was made a denne of theeves : the Censures were abused for the casting out of innocents : the doctrine of God was corrupted by glosses : and the blessed sacraments were abused : for they observed not the Passeover on the time appointed , and therefore Christs was before theirs . Notwithstanding all these corruptions , by slack governement , yet did Christ hold publicke cōmunion with them . Hee was circumcised the eight day : he was presented to the Lord as well as others : he heard , & was baptized : he eat the Passeover with them , and allowed his disciples to heare the very Pharisees . Can they therfore justly say , that they must separate from a Church corrupted for want of I governement ? Yes ( say they ) that they must : when governement is naught , practise is answerable , and better of either cannot be had . I wonder what they would have done , if they had lived in the times of the Judges , when every man did what hee listed ? or in our blessed Saviours time , when so many schismaticks , and sectaries had rule and governement ? or in the Apostles time , when Diotrephes used such tyrannical pride , and usurped such authority , that hee would not receive the very Apostles ▪ would they have separated ? I am sure , that neither Israel , nor Christ , nor his Apostles did so ? Iohn did onely write to the Church about it : And are these wiser then they ? No ( say they ) wee doe it not out of an opinion of our owne wisedome , but out of conscience , and for the glory of God , and for Sions sake . But take they heed : every one that pretends to make the word of Christ his rule , hath not these ends before him as he ought . Gentilis , that impious blasphemer of the Trinity , when he was called to answer , said , that hee was drawne to maintaine his cause from touch of conscience : and when hee was to dye , that hee did suffer for the glory of the most high God. And Paul when he was yet a Pharisee , lived in all good conscience , when naturall wisedome was his interpreter of Gods word . Even so , may it be with them . O no : they are sure of their hand : they are taught of God , and they must separate from such a wicked governmēt as ours is for conscience sake . Why , what is the matter ? let us ( in the feare of God ) heare the worst , that wee may mend , or bee obstinate . I never heard but three things pleaded against our governement by them . 1 The power of true government . 2 The persons of our governours . 3 And their exercise of our government . We wil heare them in all , to the last word , and our good God give us understanding in all things for peace and salvation . The power of true Church government ( say the Brownists ) is in the whole Church and in every particular member in body , and not onely in the prime members onely . In this they doe not onely fight against us , but against al the Presbyteries in the world : and so they pull more adversaries upon them , then they will be able to withstand : In this they beate downe at one blow that which hath exercised the wits of thousands , without satisfaction to millions of consciences . Yea in this they joyne hands with Corah , Dathan , and Abiram , who loved not the governement of the best , because all the congregation is holy , every one of them . But against whomsoever they fight , and with whomsoever they joyne , surely ( say they ) true Church government is in the whole congregation . It is true , that if wee consider the Church as a compleat body under Christ the head , then the power of Church government is in the whole Church : As the animal body is said to see , to goe , to worke , to speake originally , though subjectively and formally , it is the eye sees , the foot goes , the hand works , and the tongue speaks . But that the whole body of Christ ( the Church catholike , or particular for her part ) should have this power , so as to have power to exercise it formally , cannot bee made good from the word of Christ . Before the Law , Church government lay upon Adam , Noah , Abraham , and the rest of the Patriarchs . Vnder the Law , it lay upon Moses and Aaron ( though to Moses was added by Iethroes advise seventy Elders , not by Gods immediate direction , though after they were approved by him . ) Vnder the Gospel the gifts of power and government was bestowed upon some , not upon all : and the people never attempted any thing without the Apostles leave , assistance , and direction . The Apostles ordained Elders , and not the people without them . The Apostles called for the Elders and conferred with them without the people . The Elders did consult with Iames and Paul , without asking the votes of the people , and did a matter of weight for the peace of the Church from their owne judgements : Yea and when the whole Church was with the Apostles and Elders in counsell these are preferred before them as their superiours , who had their consent of love and charity , but not of authority . Therefore the people were not reproved for the disorders of the Church and Common-wealth , but the Princes and the Priests : according to which generall course we must understand those few particulars wherein blame seemes to bee layed upon the body of the people also . For the people are still commanded subjection and submission to governours ecclesiasticall and temporall : and are still called by the names of sheepe , brethren , saints , houshold , spouse , children , and the like ; whereas their governours are called Bishops , Overseers , Elders , Presbyters , Angels , Fathers , as termes of superiority . It is true , they are also called a royall Priesthood , and Kings : but not in regard of externall power of government in the Church , but of internall power of saving grace to rule over their own corruptions , that sin may not raigne in their mortall bodies ; which if they would exercise as they ought these quarrels might soone cease . Noe ( say the Brownists ) these quarrels must not cease , so long as we find in Scriptures , the peoples power of government in the Church , maintained . For they instance in two high parts of government , excommunication and absolution , and they find the peoples power in both . For Christ saith , If thy brother trespasse against thee , and he will not heare thee , or more with thee , Goe tell the church , that is say they , the whole congregation , and as hee doth heare or neglect that , let him be to thee either bound or loosed by excommunication or absolution . Hence they argue thus : Church is taken for every particular congregation where Christians live : before this in body , the delinquent that is obstinate must bee convented , bee it lesse or greater : and it hath a power in governement , even in these things of highest nature : therefore the power of government is in the people , as well , as deeply , as in others . Heere is their impregnable hold ( as they thinke ) and therefore they come upon us thus roundly : Christ hath charged his Apostles , and their true successours : that they should teach all nations to observe all things whatsoever hee hath commanded them : but you that are the ministers of the Church of England , doe not teach us to observe all things : for Christ hath commanded a forme of governement , wherein all members should have publicke cognizance of offences for the advancement of the kingdome of Christ , and you suffer him to be dishonoured , and us to bee robbed of our rights ; and therfore ye are not the ministers of Christ , neither is your Church a true Church of Christ . Thus ( so farre as I can gather from them , and conceive ) I have given them the full advantage of their plea. But if all this were true , it doth not follow that wee are not the true ministers of Christ , nor that our Church is not his true Church . Not the first , because that exposition of Christs words is their owne , and not Christs . If Christ had said unto us , that hee would have such a governement erected in every parish , then wee should dishonour our master , and rob Gods people , not to preach it . Others have with prayer , care , and conscience looked upon those words of Christ , as well as they : and yet some finde in that Church mentioned by Christ , onely the Iewish Sanhedrim : some the Pope and his conclave : some the presbytery of mixt elders : some the consistory of preaching elders : and some Bishops and superintendents , who have the highest oversight to punish Church scandals under the Magistrates , under whom they live . But these men ( as if they would exclude other mens discourses , and binde up their consciences to their interpretations ) will have their meaning to be the true sence , and no other . Neither doth it follow , that our Church is not the true Church of Christ . What though-something that Christ hath commanded to be observed be not taught , nor observed , doth it therefore follow that such a Church is not his ? What Christian is there that hath all Christs observations taught in every congregation where hee comes , or , if hee have them all , doth observe and doe them as he ought ? And yet , I hope , he may be a true Christian , and saved in the day of Christ . As in a Christian , wee must observe what gives him saving fellowship with Christ , to wit , Repentance from dead workes , and Faith unfained : and how he walketh worthy of this fellowship in the way of life , to wit , by deniall of himselfe , taking up of the crosse , and following Christ , so farre , that no wilfull nor deliberate sinne raigne in him : and then though he do not observe every outward forme and rule , yet ( I hope ) Christ may be his Christ , and he Christs member to life . So in a church must we observe what gives it true ecclesiasticall fellowship with Christ , to wit , the Apostles doctrine , and fellowship , breaking of bread , and praier : and then , if it professe to know these , and to continue in them , so far as it is come , though it observe not every thing that other men thinke it should , yet I hope it is a true church of Christ . But ( say they ) we have not the Apostles doctrine and fellowship for want of this popular governement . Let them prove once , that this is any part of the Apostles doctrine and fellowship . Indeed they tell us ( as before ) that Christ said , goe tell the Church , and so forth : but how this Last serves their feet , comes next to bee discussed . If this church were every congregation , and if one man may bind , and loose , it is certaine the whole congregation may doe so also , and so have the greatest power of church governement in their owne hand : but whether the text will conclude for such power is the thing in question . Learned men of most ages have much looked upon that text , and have applied it either by way of allusion , or properly to church discipline , some way or other . Some churches in this last age have looked upon it fully , and ( as they thinke ) have squared an exact discipline according to it ; though I cannot finde that they cut their course fully according to their owne sence . Some particular persons finding this to bee the strongest hold for that new discipline , have sought to overthrow it so , as utterly to roote out excommunication from the church ; and others ( finding the good use of that censure for the well being of the church ) have beene as eagar to maintaine this hold . But discipline , and that censure , hath hold strong enough from other texts , though that of Christ bee set in its proper sence . For when wee looke to that promise of Christ to his disciples in the name of Peter , and how he made it good to his Apostles , & lay together the rules & practises of the apostles , especially in the epistles to the Corinthians , and to Timothy ( which last are spent in rules , for the well ordering of the governing , and the governed ) we shall find ground sufficient for church governement , either in patterne , or precept , generall or speciall , though we suffer this text to appear in its own colors . Let me tell them then , that as Paul saith : Forbeare one another , and forgive one another , if any man have a quarrel , or complaint against any : so Christ in that chapter gives a remedy against private contentions . This is plaine to everie eye , that is not wilfully blinded , that Christ in that chapter tells of the danger of scandals ; and thereupon he gives a double direction : first to live so , as not to give scandal to others , and secondly , to carry themselves aright to others that give scandal to them ; and that all this is to bee referred to private offences , the unbroken course of the chapter shewes , as Saint Basil hath observed many hundred yeares agoe . That which moved Christ to this discourse , was the present state of the Iewish disciples under the Romane Empire . The Romanes had no governement over them , and the authority of their edlers was much diminished . For many of the Iewes became servants to the Romanes , as their Publicanes , to gather in their tribute : such were Zacheus , yea , and Matthew . These were freed from the authority of the Iewes ; as all other Iewes were that were freemen of Rome , which made Paul when hee saw oppression before him , to appeale to Caesar , and to plead that he was free borne . This was a great vexation to the Iew in recovering of right , and defending himselfe from wrong . Therefore Christ to moderate the Iewes passions arising one against another , directs them what course to take ; you must not deale ( saith hee ) one with another presently , as with Publicanes , & Heathens , who are out of Iewish power , and cannot bee impleaded any where , but before a Romane barre : but to cut off al differences betwixt you and your brethren , yee must proceed in a gentle way . Why ? what must they doe ? If thy brother ( a Iew ) shall trespasse against thee ( a Iew ) , right thy selfe by degrees . First , deale with him fraternally , according to the rule of charity , tel him his fault betweene thee and him alone . If that will doe no good to gaine him , then secondly , deale with him legally , take with the one or two more , that may heare the difference , convince him of errour , and perswade him to peace : for this is Moses law , that in the mouth of two or three witnesses , every word bee established . If that will not yet bring him home , then thirdly , deale with him Iewishly , tell it unto the Church , complaine to the Sanhedrim , tell the seventy elders who sit yet , by Gods approbation , to heare harder causes , and to decide greater doubts against peace , and charity . If yet hee bee so gracel●sse as to neglect thee , and them too , then lastly , deale with him heathenishly by Romane soveraignety to which now you are subject , but thinke him to bee as an Heathen and Publican , & deale with him accordingly : The law is good if it bee used lawfully ; let Caesars justice end the difference betwixt you . It is true , the Apostle saith , that Brother must not dare to goe to law with brother , and that before unbelievers : yet I hope even then , when the Iewes , Pauls brethren wronged him , and the saints could not right him , hee appealed unto Caesar . Therefore ye must put a difference betwixt the christian Corinthians , after the death of Christ , and the christian Iewes before the death of Christ . These had no Church government setled , but that of the Iewes , which by Romane authority was neglected and slighted : but the Corinthians had . For Christ never medled to settle any other Church government during life , but the Iewish , which was to bee of force til after his death : but then he sent his Spirit to direct his Apostles in all necessaries . The Iewes were Christians but in working : for the best of them ( even the Apostles ) were dreggish in faith and life : In faith about the death and resurrection of Christ , and about a temporall Kingdome doted upon . In life , when they too full of revenge in drawing the sword as Peter , or for calling down fire frō heaven upon the Samaritans . But the Corinthians were more perfectly instructed in the mysteries of faith and charity , and therefore their brawles would bee more scandalous , having such wise Saints among them who shall judge the world . Lastly , the Apostle findes not fault with the Corinthians for going to law absolutely one with another before infidels ; for even Heathen Kings , and all that are in authority are to be prayed for , that Christians may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godlinesse and honesty : And this they cannot doe except their Thrones minister justice in mine and thine . It is lawfull therefore when raking and politicke Christians doe bite and devoure one another , doe serve their owne bellies , and by good words and faire speaches doe deceive the hearts of the simple , and defraud one another in bargaining , to appeale to the minister of justice . For all power is of God , and the very Heathen Magistrate doth not beare the sword in vaine . But he findes fault with them , that they set too great a price upon the things of this life ; that they were too contentious about them ; that they went to law before Heathens to the scandall of Christianity ; and that they appealed to forraigne judgement , when they might have remedy by wise Saints neerer hand , which the Jewes could not have , when their Elders by Romane liberty were contemned . Now , if they doubt whether this sense may bee admitted , I shall ( by Gods helpe ) cleare it from the Text , and maintaine it from exceptions that may arise thence . First , therefore consider that Peter understood this discourse of private offences onely : therefore when Christ hath done , hee saith , Lord , how oft shall my brother sin against me ? Against me , saith Peter , intimating a private trespasse . Secondly , consider Christs answer to Peter in a Parable , where he concludes thus , So shall my heavenly Father doe to you , if yee from your hearts forgive not every one his brother his trespasses : where hee still speakes of private trespasses . Thirdly , consider the propriety of speech in the words of Christ . If thy brother , saith Christ , that is , a Jew : for no Jew nor Disciple then called any other man brother but a Iew. If thy brother sin against thee , therefore the offence is still private and personall . Lastly , consider that Christ sends the offender from the Church neglected to the plaintiffes censure and punishment to be sought . He doth not say , let him be to the Church as an heathen and Publican , that is , excommunicate : ( for Heathens were not excommunicated ; for what have we to doe to judge those that are without ? no nor Publicans neither ; for we reade onely that Christ wrought Zacheus to restore where he wronged , but we read not that he left his office . And when the Publicans came to Iohn Baptist , hee did not bid them leave their places , but exact no more than that which is appointed you : ) but saith Christ , let him bee to thee : because hee hath despised the Church , which is the highest tribunall under Caesar , hee is in thy hand to take Caesars course with him . But ( say they then ) how will you maintaine this sense from just exceptiōs . We had need indeed : for we are persecuted from this Text by two sorts of persons . The Papists say that here Christ refers us to the Christian Church ( the Pope out of his chaire ) to end all controversies . But what have Christians to doe here , if it was the comfort or a Iew against a Iew in private offences ? The Brownists say , that here is a Rule for every private Congregation like themselves to claime a sufficisufficient power by , to advance Christs kingdome . And it can be no other ( say they ) for the word ( church ) cannot bee taken for the Iewish Sanhedrim ; it is a christian word proper to congregations of saints . Nay , that word in Gods language is used for any assembly . The assembly was confused ; it shall hee determined in a lawfull assembly ; yee cannot give an account of this concourse , therefore hee dissolued the assembly , saith the holy Ghost of a wicked uproare ; and in all three places the word church is used . Why then may not the grave assembly of the seventy elders be called a church ? Yea but ( they say ) heere is mention made of binding and loosing , which are proper to church censures . It is true , that for their affinity in sound , they have beene often applyed so , at least by way of allusion . But we read of a threefold binding in the new testament ▪ Divine , Ministeriall , and Fraternal , Divine ▪ when God at last doth justly give over to everlasting obduration , and restraint , those that are cast into hell : so the devils a●e reserved in everlasting chaines : and God saith of final contemners of grace , binde him hand and foot , cast him into utter darkenesse . Ministerial , when the preachers of the Gospell binde over obstinate sinners to wrath , either morally , by way of denunciation only , or Ecclesiastically , by way of processe . This Christ promised to the disciples in the name of Peter , and performed to all his disciples : yea and this is most fearefull , when the bond is laid right , because they doe it by commission from God as Gods Ambassadours ; yet is it soluble to true penitents . Fraternall and brotherly binding ; when one man bindes another for private offences obstinately stood in : and of that doth Christ speake in this place . If ye have won him by a loving conviction , ye loose him of his guilt to you : If hee will live in his uncharitablenesse , ye binde him by your seeking peace : for hee that will not be reconciled from the heart , God will not be reconciled unto him , hee shall into the prison till he hath paid the utmost farthing . But ( it may be said ) how shall I be assured that upon my brothers submission , and mine and my witnesses acceptance , that his bond of guilt shall be loosed by God ? From Christs promise , that if two shall agree on earth , as touching any thing that they shall aske , it shall b● done for them ( to their brethren ) of my Father which is in Heaven . Thus Saint Basil of old : If two shall aske by consent it shall be done : what this meaneth the processe of the place shewes ( saith he : ) for immediately before Christ speaketh of him that reproveth his brother , and him that is reproved ; and If he that be reproved be grieved for his fault , and be joyned with the reprover in the same minde , the pardon which is asked shall be granted from our most gracious God. This I alledge ( as I could in this cause many other ) not because they like it : but because they may know that this sense is not a new one of my owne . I know that they runne a new and uncharitable way , for when they reade that Christ promiseth not doing for them that aske , except they agree on earth : they peremptorily conclude , that they ought not to pray with them that doe not consent with them in their opinions . Therefore would they neither pray with me , nor suffer me to pray with them to our good God to lead us us into the way of truth : nor will they pray with their owne wives and children , though never so pious , if they doe not meet in the same center of conceits . Yea but ( say they ) all the Text before must be understood of publike Church scandals because of Christs promise , Where two or three be gathered together in my name , there am I in the midst of them : which is ever applyed to publike meetings . It is true : it is so applyed , and so may and must . For it holds strongly , that i● Christ be present with private persons , who agree in building up one another in charity much more is he present in publike conventions where faith climbes , hope rootes , charity flames , and zeale burnes up corruption , when they are well used . But yet this proves not , but that here Christ may treate of private scandals , as the whole context shewes , and may incourage brotherly prayers one for another in peace , because Christ is present with them . But all this is but a flash to them yet : for this text must needes bee a rule of their perfect discipline in the body of their members : because the Apostle blames the whole church of Corinth , for not casting out of the incestuous person . That this is no perfect rule of discipline , may appeare to any man that will consider , that heere is no direction to proceed against sins against God , or others , but onely against thee , & thee . Heere is no excommunication ordained : for it is not said , put him out from among you , but let him bee to thee for seeking further remedy . Lastly , heere is no determining power given to the church ; for the party offended is principall to admonish , tell , fine . The church is not to excommunicate , but to turne the offender over to the offended party , let him be to thee , not to us : yea the church is not to call him by summons , but to expect the plaintiffes comming : and moreover , if heere were a perfect rule , it might fall out that two or three men , yea women , pretending to bee gathered in Christs name , might cast out whole congregations for not consenting unto them . And for that place to the Corinths , where Saint Paul is charged to countenance this their new parish discipline ; because hee blamed the Corinthians that the incestuous person was not cast out : I answer , hee might have had just cause to blame them , if hee had committed any such thing to their trust , by devolving his authority to them : but that hee did not yet put over his authority to them in body , appeares divers waies . First , though the power of governement , in respect of use , belong to the whole church for benefit , that where the fact is notorious , the law might be notorious too , so as the whole church may bee witnesse of the doome , when they are gathered together : yet in regard of the possession for managing of it , it belongs onely to the Pastors , and chiefe Bishops . For when Christ made that promise of binding and loosing to his disciples , hee did not make it to them as Apostles properly : for it is no such personall priviledge as not to descend : It is needefull for the church in all ages , therefore not tyed to any . Neither did he make it unto them as the body of christians : for when hee made good his promise , hee tells us that hee sent and inspired them , and after both these , gave this commission of binding and loosing : but hee sent not all , nor inspired all , as he signified by breathing upon the Apostles . But he did it to them , as pastors , and chiefe Bishops , and so to men of office for the use and comfort of the church for ever , And terrour of ungodly men . Secondly , the persons to whom this authority of perpetuall governement of the church ( in ecclesiasticall way ) was committed , were the chief Pastours ( as Bishops were anciently called ) therefore if Paul had fixed the blame in that particular upon any , it would have been upon the Angel , and chiefe overseer of that church . For Paul and Christ are not of a severall spirit and judgement in church-discipline . Thirdly , if therefore Paul blame any for this , it is under the whole church , those that by office were to redresse these outrages , and to see to the holinesse , charity , and comelinesse of that church . But lastly , if wee looke into the words more narrowly , wee shall finde the true fault that hee blamed the church of Corinth for . They had a common fame of such a wickednesse committed amongst them , that the Gentiles by the light of nature did abhorre . Paul ( having as yet supreame power ecclesiasticall under Christ in his owne hand , and ( for ought we know ) not having setled a Bishop in highest church governement , as in Ephesus , Creta , Asia , ) did expect from them woefull complaints of this disorder , that hee might have directed thē accordingly , for the taking of it away from among them , with the author of it . But they were so farre from this , that they were puffed up with their owne gifts , and lamented not that wickednesse that raigned among them , that by d●e course it might bee removed . This therefore is that , which the Apostle blameth in the Corinthians . Therefore that hee may shew them , that they are not so much to admire themselves , as to take off their eyes from the great faults committed against them , and that they are to lament , and doe their best , that such wicked persons might be taken away from among them , and not thrust out in a crowd : the Apostle doth three things by authority i● the face of the Church , who of conscience ought to consent and beare witnesse to the doome . First , the act of an Apostle , Deliver such an one unto Satan ( it may be ) that he might have power over his body to torment him , as appeares in the Stories of Ananias , Sapphira , Elimas , Alexander . Secondly , the act of a Bishop , put away from amongst you that wicked person , that being suspended from the preservatives of his soule in the visible communion of Saints , he might have a way to bring him to godly sorrow . And thirdly , the act of every godly Pastour , to mourne that if any be called a brother , and bee a fornicator , or covetous , or an Idolater , or a rayler , or a drunkard , or an extortioner , with such an one eate not : that is , be so farre from countenancing of him in his sinne , that yee take him not into unnecessary familiarity . Now , how from hence can be picked a popular government of the Church , God knoweth , I cannot yet reach . But yet ( say the Brownists ) you may reach thus much to confound you , that if Paul would not have you eate with such wicked brothers , much lesse would he have you to receive the Sacrament with them : for he hath more care of his owne supper than of ours . This is certaine that God hath a greater care of his own Supper than of ours : and therefore though he be willing that all should come both good and bad , yet if they come , and stay bad , and hee come to try them , they shall bee bound hand and foot and cast into hell . It is certaine also that wee must have a great care of the Supper of the Lord as we can in our places ; private persons , by private communion of Saints ; Presbyters , by publike preaching by Word and Doctrine , and by private exhortations as they can ; and Church-Officers by presentments , and punishments fit . But it doth not therefore follow , because wee may not eate with them ( that is , converse familiarly and unnecessarily with them ) that therefor we may not eate the Lords Supper with the Saints , because wicked persons are there . Their wickednesse we countenance , when we keepe company with them : our goodnes they countenance , when they come into publike communion with us : we have no need of their eating with us , they shew their need of their eating with us in the Sacrament , when we have no power to keepe them backe . Yet ( say they still ) wee have power to keepe them backe : for Paul speaking of the incestuous person saith , sufficient to such a man is this punishment which was inflicted of many ; therefore the whole Church had power and used it against him . It is true , it was inflicted by many assessors and consēters to his doom , but not as prime executors of that doome . The Apostle saith , that the Saints shall judge the world , by way of life , witnesse , consent , and approbation ▪ yet is it not Christ that is the Judge of wicked and good ? So though this punishment was inflicted upon him by many , by way of consent , and approbation yet was it primely inflicted by Paul , and his authority in those that declared it . Thus have I satisfied my selfe ( if not others ) in this point concerning the power of governement , which lies not in all the congregation for execution and prime officiating , but in the chiefe governours who beare the place of Paul and the other Apostles . SECT . 13. Brownists exceptions against the persons governing in our Church , and against the exercise of their governement . PVt case that the power of governement were not in every particular congregation , yet our governours are not to bee allowed , yea to be banished the church , say they . They are farre from the sweete moderate spirit of Melancthon , one of the blessed reformers , who , so the Pope of Rome himselfe would have admitted of the Gospel of Christ in truth , would have permitted his superiority over Bishops , by humane right , for the peace and common tranquility of christians under him . But nothing will serve these people but the damnation of the Pope , and the shame and confusion of all Bishops , one , and the other . And there are three things principally in them , at which they except , and against which they stumble : 1 Their name . 2 Their degree . 3 Their jurisdiction . Why ( say they ) should they appropriate to themselvs this name of Bishops , which belongs to all other Pastours as well as to them ? There is good cause ; for there are two sorts of Bishops : first ordinary Bishops , such as were all the Elders of Ephesus . These must not bee blinde watch-men : for if they see not , they cannot oversee . They must not sleepe and bee secure : they must have a great care to keepe safe those that are committed to them , that the enemy come not and sowe tares . Secondly , there are extraordinary Bishops , such as have precedence , & jurisdiction , not onely over the flock , but over the elders and presbyters , which are called Angels ; such were Timothy , and Titus the first ordained Bishops of the churches of Ephesus and Creta , as appeares in the postscript of those epistles . Which though haply they are no part of the canonicall scriptures , yet are they authenticall records of matters of fact to help our understandings in the needfull stories of th●se times , without which we may think amisse . From these , they justly assume those names which have beene given to men of their order , ever since the Apostles dayes . But put case they could not make such aclaime , if there be the office , shall we quarrell about the names ? The first man that ever found fault with the name , would fame have been a Bishop himselfe ; but when he found himselfe crossed , he comforted himself with this , that yet , as he was a Presbyter , he was equall with them . But let no good Christians be unquiet for names , if there may bee an agreement in things named . The Apostles were called Deacons in Gods language , yea , and Christ himselfe , who came to that end . Christ is called the Arch-bishop , and the Apostle of our soules . The Apostles are called Elders , and Elders were called Apostles , and Bishops are called Angels . What matters it then for names , if wee can agree in other things ? But ( say they ) wee doe not agree in other things : for these Bishops are in a degree above Presbyters , and so there is an unequall ministery in the Church of Christ which should not bee . Now surely they have had this from the Apostles dayes : yea the scripture mentioneth a superiority in the ministery of the Church ▪ first Apostles , secondarily prophets , thirdly teachers . And this is a sure rule , that such a ministery as is most like the ministerie ordained by Christ ( it not being denyed unto us expressely , or by consequent , and another commanded ) may be lawfully maintained by us as Christs ministery . But such is an unequall ministery in degree , as Prophets , Apostles , Evangelists , Pastours , and Doctours , one above another in larger authority , & gifts : for those that were called immediately did excell those that were called by men . And among those that were called by men , where might bee a rising to an higher degree according as they profited in faith and godlinesse . Therefore Paul saith , that they that use the office of a Deacon well purchase to themselves a good degree . Therefore may wee lawfully maintaine a superiority in the ministery of Christ now . But ( it may be ) they would not stand so much upon this , because ( for ought I can finde ) there is some inequality betwixt their pretended Pastors and Doctors ) ; but that there is a Iurisdiction in our Bishops , not onely over the flock , but over the compresbyters their brethren . It is true , there is so , and that justly ; without which , wee should have as many religions as parishes : and for that I say this . Such jurisdiction as is patterned or prescribed in the epistles to Timothy , and Titus , is worthily exercised in our church of Christ . If it bee said , that that jurisdiction was personal in them ; this takes away the comfort of doctrine in all the othe● epistles : for it may be as well said , that the rules of faith and doctrine in them are personall , and belong to that age . But as this cannot be said , so nor that : for those rules tended to the government of the house of God , and were to be kept to the appearing of our Lord Iesus Christ . Now that , that jurisdiction patterned or prescribed in those epistles was episcopal , appeareth thus . Set aside matters matrimonial , and testamentary , which are the wise donation of princes for the conscionable ordering of such affaires , and the jurisdiction of Bishops doth stand in two things principally , First in ordination , for the ordaining of ministers . Titus was left in Crete to ordeine elders : and the Apostle would have Timothy lay hands rashly on none , that is , ordaine . But ( say they ) these ordeined not as Bishops , but as Evangelists . But this they must prove that they were Evangelists strictly so called . Evangelists were immediately called , so wa● not Timothy : for according to his good report , and the prophesies , that went of him for his great use of the church , hee was ordained by the laying on of the hands of the Presbytery . Yea , but ( say they ) that Paul bids him doe the worke of an Evangelist . True : but may they not as well prove Timothy to be an Apostle , because hee did the worke of the Lord as Paul did ? know therefore that Evangelist may be taken three wayes : for a penner of the Gospel by divine instinct ; so the Apostles were Evangelists . For a preacher of the Gospel by divine instinct ; so they are accounted so properly . And for a preacher of the Gospell by ordinary diligence and assistance : and thus Timothy an Evangelist may be a Bishop to ordaine , though not properly as a preacher , yet as made a great overseer for that use . But ( say the Brownists ) Bishops claime ordination to themselves alone : so did not Timothy and Titus who did it with the eldership . Whether these did it alwaies with the assistant presbyters is not yet proved , there being no set law knowne to us then , nor I doubt ever will. Indeed , for our Bishops , they ordaine Deacons alone , and so they may according to ancient custome , and neither I , nor they , know any thing against it . But for the ordination of Presbyters , as it was in the primitive Church , so our Lawes require that the Bishop should have his assistants , the power of ordaining being in him , and the liberty of approbation in these . Secondly , the jurisdiction of Bishops stands in redressing things amisse . Titus was left in Creta to redresse things amisse , not onely in the people , but Presbyters . Over Presbyters I say , they had a power to command , as Paul saith to Timothy , I left thee at Ephesus that thou mightst charge some that they preach no other doctrine : to judge , therefore he saith , against an Elder receive not an accusation under two or three witnesses , which was a juridicall proceeding : and to silence , as occasion is offered ; for whose mouthes must be stopped , saith Paul to Titus . Which power , if it be onely by verball conviction , as every Minister of the New Testament is bound to doe as he is able , and not by reall suspension , as hee is over Presbyters , the precept is altogether in vaine and idle . For words doe but breed words , and contentious spirits will never have an end . But ( say they ) the Apostles would not suffer themselves to be silenced , no more should wee . If we cannot doe our office in publike , we should doe it private . This is true of the Apostles , and they did well in it , but there are two sorts of Preachers : such as were immediately called , who had their gifts , and matter , and calling , immediately from Christ ; these none but Christ can silence , they are his elect vessels as Paul , to carry his Name : And such as are immediately called , who have their matter and gifts by reading and industry , and their calling by , and from the testimony of man. Now , because some mens sinnes goe before , and some mens follow after , they that gave power , and testimony according to appearance , may , according to after appearance , take testimony away from the unworthy , except they could prove themselves Apostles . But yet ( say they ) grant all this true , yet are there divers exceptions against our Bishops ? what ? such as may justifie a separation ? Let us heare them . Put case Timothy and Titus were Bishops , yet were they not such as ours , that is Diocesan Bishops , what then ? were they parish Bishops ? I wish them read in Church stories of the best times , without which they can never understand some passages of scriptures of the practise of the Church . I am sure this they should finde , that Timothy and Titus had some compasse of jurisdiction allotted , wherein there were Churches at least according to cities , wherein there were many presbyters to be overseene , and ordered : and what was this but a Diocesse , which as the Church increased , increased with it . But these ( say they ) for all that , had no princely authority , and Lordly command over their brethren . That is true : neither is this absolutely necessary to the calling , or of the essence of it ; yet doth it not overthrow it , but adorne and strengthen it when it is well used . If a Bishop were called a beggar , it doth not overthrow his calling ; so neither , if he be called a pallace , who knowes not , that that proceeded from the favour of our Princes , that they might be Barons of the parliament to direct the conscience in deepe matters of state ? But ( say they ) this is against the word of God. Be not Lords over Gods heritage , saith Peter , and saith Christ , the Lords of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them , and they that are great exercise authority over them : but it shall not be so among you : but whosoever wil be great among you , let him be your minister , and whosoever would be chiefe among you , let him bee your servant : therefore neither the Apostles , nor their successors , must as Lords rule over the flocke of Christ , or over one another . Stay heere : Christ affoords no such conclusion . Hee is pleased to oppose , not Kings and Bishops which are in excellent subordination either to other , but Gentiles and Christians : and he doth not abolish magistracy from Christianity ; for then his Apostles were ill schollars , who taught that higher powers are ordained of God , and that they must be obeyed by all under them : neither would he abolish an inequality of ministery in the Church ; for hee himselfe ( I hope ) had superiority over his disciples ; ye cal me master , and Lord , and ye say well ; for so I am : yea , and hee himselfe made first Apostles , secondly Prophets , thirdly teachers , which implies an order , degree , and subordination either to other : neither doth hee heere forbid that his disciples should bee utterly excluded from dealing in any matter of right in the Common wealth ; for then they could easily have replied , Lord wee desire not to meddle in secular affaires , but to have superiority over one another in the Church . But hee labours to prevent the wicked customes of heathen kings in Christian Common-wealthes and Churches , that is , their ruling by their owne lusts and wills , and their ruling for their owne ends without respect to the peoples goods . This is to play the Lords , to domineere over the people , as if they were their vassals , and themselves had all Lordship paramount that could bee imagined . Now , can any man not soaked in malice or prejudice say , that our Bishops rule thus like heathens with force and crueltie . when they governe according to the lawes , and Canons of Church and Common-wealth ? Is not this to rule with the consent of the people in the lawes of the Common-wealth , and with the consent of the presbyterie in the Canons of the Church ? Yea , but now for the exercise of this governement of the Church , it is ( say the Brownists ) fearefully abused by the Bishops in three particulars : 1 In shouldering out such officers in the Church as Christ hath ordained . 2 In imposing oathes upon good men to accuse themselves . 3 And in base usage of the high censure of excommunication . Put case all these were true : were this a sufficient cause of separation ? was Christ no master when his purse-bearer betrayed him , and the rest of his servants runne away from him ? Is his ●eamelesse coate to bee rent in sunder because some of those about him have cast some spots upon it ? Because they may ( if they will ) accuse themselves , will they therefore accuse Christ as if his bounty in our Church were not worth the injoyment ? Because one thing is not well used in the punishment of vice , shall all things be neglected , and spu●ned at that are amongst us for the maintenance of vertue ? yea shall the holy spirit of God assistant in the meanes of salvation amongst us , be belyed , as if all the grace they have gotten amongst us , were no grace till they had discarded us , as some of them doe ? But let us take a viewe of the particulars , and see whether it be so or no , and how far ? First ( they say ) that Bishops justle out Christs officers out of the Church . And who are these ? They tell us first of Elders , lay governing Elders who should have power in the censures of the church and all matters of order . Indeed they had wont to tell us of these much . But since Master Smith ( once of their Church ) hath pulled downe that tottering wall , by proving that there can bee but one sort of Elders proved from the scripture , that is , Pastours , whose governing duty is to feede the flocke of God : and that the Apostle to Timothy , doth not import a distribution of officers , but commendation of severall workes in one office ; teaching that Elders are to be honoured for two workes , well-ruling , and laborious teaching , as he proves by severall texts compared . And since they weigh that a true Church may stand without them ; because otherwise the first Church of Christians from the death of Christ till these supposed Elders are ordained , were not a true Church . And especially since they have brought in their new parish discipline , whereby all power of governement is in the whole congregation ; they are not backeward to confesse that a true Church may be without them , and that they doe not much stand upon that exception against us ( as once a Pastour of that Church confessed to mee ) . Therefore neede not I use more words about that . But yet they claime their Doctours , and Deacons , which ( they say ) the Bishops have banished out of the Church . Indeed wee reade of Doctors to teach the word of God : and if in every congregation ( if maintenance were answerable ) there were one in whom were the word of knowledge , and another in whom were the word of wisdome ( if these gifts meete not in one man ) wee would not mislike it . But that this must be so , as a distinct office and officer in the church , this we deny . For teaching and preaching may meete in the same officer ( whether Pastour of charge , or Doctour of the chaire ) . Christ went about teaching , and preaching the Gospel . Paul and Barnabas continued teaching , and preaching ; Timothy must teach , and preach . And these the Apostle doth not make severall offices : he disjoines them not , but couples them together , Pastors and teachers ; to signifie , that though they bee divers gifts , yet they may be , and are often coupled in one man. And for Deacons ( which is a name given to ministers , and to Christ himselfe ) wee reade indeed of certaine men ( not called Deacons there ) whose worke was to minister to the necessity of the saints , that the Apostles be not driven to leave the word of God , and serve tables : but have not we such , who take care for the poore , that the worke of the Lord by us be not hindred ? Are not our Church-wardens , and overseers the same for substance of office , if they would be also alwaies the same for conscience ? But ( say they ) wee have not the Deacons of Christ . I am sure we have Deacons for the assistance of the worke of the ministery , who serve it for a better degree if they perofrme it wisely . But that Deacons should be such brethren , who doe alwaies attend the businesse of the poore , and not belong to ministeriall order , is without ground : mark their qualification , which needed not for such a worke , men full of the holy Ghost : mark their ordination , which was with imposition of hands , a ceremony ministerial : marke their practise , Stephen preached , and Philip preached , and baptized too : marke their description , they must be proved , and found fit , and if they performe their office well , they shall purchase to themselves a good degree , to ascend higher to be Presbyters , yea and to be Bishops also . And are not our Deacons such ? were they not , yet can wee not bee denied to be a true Church , seeing after the ascension , Christ had a true Church before Deacons were thought of . Put case Bishops did no hurt this way , yet they impose oathes upon good men to accuse themselves , ( say they ) which is against the law of nature , justice , and religion . Certainely nature is for the preservation of the whole body , and head , and so is justice , and religion too . If therefore such oathes are for the maintenance of the head , and body in publicke peace and tranquility , why they may not stand with nature , justice , and religion , I cannot see . If one man bee intrusted with another mans goods which perish , and he pretend that it be dead or stolne , then saith the law , an oath of the Lord shall bee betweene them , and the loser shal accept it , or the wronger shal make restitution . What is heere but an imposing an oath upon a man to accuse , or excuse himselfe ? If a man trespassed against his neighbour , an oath was to be layed upon him to cause him to sweare before the altar , in Gods house : yea , and if any person were concealed from the King , he tooke an oath of the kingdome and nation that they found him not as Obadiah saith to Elijah : what is heere againe but an oath imposed to excuse , or to accuse a mans selfe ? And what doe our Bishops more then thus ? If Iacob bound Esau by an oath to secure that which he had bought of him . If Salomon bound Shime● by an oath to his confinement in Ierusalem , because hee knew hee had a wicked heart against governement , from his grievous curse against David , to secure his peace , why may not our Bishops ( having law in their hand ) secure the rights of the Church , and peace of the state , by the like oath also ? How is it possible that the Church and state can ever live securely , when false brethren come in privily to bring us into bondage ; when they creep into houses and lead captive simple women ; when certaine men creep in unawares , whose words eate as doth a canker , being closely conveyed , and having secret operations upon weake spirits , I say , how is it possible to bee safe from th●se , but by the oath of God to make them manifest ? A● when treason is detected , suspected , presumed , or fained , I hope no man thinke it unfit that the king , who is worth tenne thousand of us , should be secured by an oath , though it bee to the losse of thousands of lives : so ( nor I thinke ) can they judge it unfit that the Church , the spouse of Christ should be secured of her rights , and peace , by an oath ▪ though thousands doe suffer in goods , and liberty by it . But ( say they ) if Bishops may be excused in former things , yet can they not in the base usage of the censure of excommunication , I am yet glad that they doe so highly account of it : for it is a fearefull censure indeed , when men by it are separated from publike Communion , and fellowship with Christ in his ordinances of salvation , and so bound and held under the guilt of sinne . Too many doe too highly esteeme it ; and because some zealous men in former times have called the Excommunication of the Pope and his clergy ( when it was whetted against grace and the true worship of God ) a woodden dagger ; therefore they think that they may doe the like against ours . Why not ( say the Brownists ? ) seeing the Bishops doe ingrosse it to themselves , when it is a common power to the whole Church . They doe use it no otherwise than Paul , who while hee kept that key in his owne hands , by his owne spirit and authority , cast out the incestuous person , as I have said before . Nay , they doe not ingrosse it to themselves ; for they doe denounce it according to Canons and rules which are made in Synods and convocations of Bishops and Presbyters , gathered by the authority of their Princes . But ( say they ) they are decreed by Chancellors , Commissaries , and Officials . By them indeed as servants to the Lawes and Canons of the Church under their jurisdiction , for execution . For the censures are not referred to them , or any , but according to Lawes and Constitutions , which they are sworn to execute justly and impartially . I thinke that they cannot blame this service of theirs , if they consider the originall . First Bishops judged ecclesiasticall causes in person , under which burthen they groaned , and the Church was deprived of other comforts . Then , when causes increased by the increase of the Church , and all ordinary cases were ruled by the canons of Counsels , there was lesse need of Bishops presence . And when matters of Tythes , Testamentary , and Matrimoniall ( by the favour of Princes ) were referred to Ecclesiasticall cognisance , then such assistants were ordained , as by such study and industry were usefull to serve the Church under Bishops : and what hurt is here ? Sweet servants indeed ( say they ) who having this spirituall Sword in their hands doe thus abuse it . Doe we not see indulgences , and pardons , by their absolutions , and suspensions of processes , flye abroad for money in their commutations , and purse penances ? As for Indulgences , they are of two sorts , Papall , and Evangelicall ; the Pope grants them out of Papall authority , by way of mitigation of these satisfactions we owe to God : these we abhorre and disclaime as impious . But in our Church they are granted , upon repentance and promise of amendment , by way of mitigation of that satisfaction wee owe to men offended by us . Of these Paul doth speake , sufficient to such a man is this punishment : yee ought to ▪ forgive him , lest he be swallowed up with too much sorrow . And if this be not regulated aright , the fault is in persons , not in this good order . It is true that this is granted when offenders doe but say to them , I am sorry , I repent , I will doe it no more : which though it be not enough to take off the merit of sinne before God , yet is it enough to take off the censure of excommunication . For this is a sure rule , that that which is enough to constitute an outward member of the visible Church , is enough to admit a wounded member into the outward priviledges of it . And for purse penances and commutations , of which you speake , let it be considered that it hath some ground in the Word of God. For if there may bee a commutation by the purse for murther ( as ye may see in the law of the owners Oxe killing a man , as I have said ) why not for lesse matters when it is well regulated ? Yea but ( say they ) doe we not see more abominations yet ? Is not power , by their dispensing of Excommunications , taken from Churches , to remove scandals , and purge out wicked livers , to the annoyance of the Kingdome of Christ ? Put case wee had not power to remove scandals , must they therefore separate ? If they abstained from the approbation of sinne , and labored to supply the defect of this power by holinesse of life , might they not thus judge the world , and continue in our fellowship with glorious comfort ? Put case we had no power to purge wicked livers , must they presently say , Depart from me , I am holier than thou ? They should beare onely their owne burthens in sinne , and one anothers burthen by compassion , toleration , charity , and meeknesse . By rash separation the correction of the wicked is not furthered , but hindred : for when they see themselves contemned , they are put further from the Kingdome of Heaven , and made sevenfold the child of Hell more , to the hazzard of all . But the truth is we have excellent power for both these workes . Though not in all the members of every particular congregation , as they meane ; for then no man could perish in the gaine-saying of Core , whose mutiny was because he could not be equall to Aaron , whom God appointed his superiour : yet have wee it in every Diocesse , where lawes are made not by one but many , for the ruling of all under them . And if persons were not sometimes in fault more then offices ( who yet seeme worse through the impetuous carriages of those that speake evill of governement , and thinke it as easie to rule multitudes , as a few in a Parlour ) wee might be easily as happy in our power as all the Churches under Heaven . Then , I pray , tell me ( say they ) the reason of two things ; why ungodly men are not cast out ? and why your excommunication is thundred against good men , meaning Solution . 1 themselves ? The reason of the first is because good Canons are not observed . Were Bishops never so good , and their officers never so carefull under them , yet if Church-wardens , that should , upon the oath of God , present scandals , thinke thus ; I shall be accounted a troubler of my neighbours , our presentments come to nothing , but to make the court rich , to present the poore , brings but charge to the parish , meaning his owne purse , no man can observe all the Canons , or it is better , to punish them before the civill magistrate out of prejudice to courts of spirituall judicature ; then is it impossible , be the governement never so good that wicked men should bee cast out . But if Church-wardens be as the house of Cloe to Paul to give true information and to open the eyes of the not-seeing judge , they shall soone heere , as of that incestuous person , Cast them out . But the truth is , this question neede not be moved by them , seeing they see more cast out in our Churches , then in the Churches of Corinth , whereof choise of wicked members we heare onely of excommunicating onely one beast . To the second quaere I answere , because it Solution . 2 may fall out so in all the societies in the world , that a good man may not be a good citizen , nor a good member of a visible Church . If then they are cast out it is not for goodnesse , but because they are not good enough . There is a double goodnesse , a certaine goodnesse , and a controversal goodnesse , which is so judged of some good men , but not so of others as good as they . No good man is cast out by us for certaine goodnesse , but for controversal , which ends in stirres and tumults , and then , I would they were cut off that trouble you saith Paul. Againe there is a double goodnesse , in the thing it selfe , and in the carriage of it : as Iobs cause was good , yet he carried it badly , and therefore before God received him to his favour , he was driven to abhorre himselfe and repent in dust and ashes . No man by us is cast out for any good thing , but for his undiscreet and bad carriage of it . A man doth not onely love the meate , but the dressing of it , so doth God the manner , as well as the matter , and so doth the Church . If therefore the carriage of goodnesse end in faction , and turbulency , the actours , happly , may bee justly cast out for a time to make them more humbly wise . Yea but ( say they ) such good men as were persecuted for our consciences by the Bishops and their instruments , with their curses , and prisons , when wicked men are spared . It may fall out so justly in three cases : when wicked men confesse their faults , and they deny them , when there is publicke cognisance by a cleare and open law against their faults , and not against the other . And thirdly , when one disturbs the publike peace of the church more then the other . For ( as it is well said ) in a Common-wealth some smaller offence hath heavier punishment , as breaking open a poore Cottage where no goods are lost , or person hurt , then the stealing of some cattell , which haply are more worth , because the publike tranquility and peace of subjects is more hurt : so also is it justly in the Church when publike peace is in hazard . But is the sinne of separation so great , that it should be punished more then blasphemy , perjury , whoring , drunkennesse , say they ? All these and other sinnes are detestable , and by all lawes fall under great censures , and finde not the spirit of meeknesse but the rod , when the sleepy consciences of Officers will present them in due course of Law. Yet the sinne of separation is very great . It makes men throw durt in their mothers face , and defile their fathers and brethren . It stands and pleads it own justification in despight of government , whereas the other are selfe condemned wretches . It sowreth many quickly under shew of holinesse , whereas the other are abhorred by a naturall conscience . It begets divisions which breed thoughts of heart , and proud contentions , whereas none will contend in defence of the other ; yea , it shakes the hearts of men in Religion , making them to doubt whether any Religion be good . For while they see these that are reputed good men to be so divided , the adversary triumphs , the scoffer mockes , but the serious Christian , that knowes he must have a Religion to bring him to heaven , knowes not which way to take . His body is in one Church , his soule in another , his opinion in neither , but as the wind of affection , and the tide of well pleasing persons carry him ▪ whereas the other move him not one foo● in Religion . For Religion gives holy and good principles . If they be not sucked into make men better , it is not because Religion is naught , but because those that professe it are too bad , as they will know in the day of our Lord Iesus . Weigh but this throughly , and you will not blame Bishops for the punishment of the vaine sinne of separation . But put case ( say they ) that they did well in all their former use of excommunication , yet when they make it base and vile in excommunicating for triviall and unworthy causes , as fees , and small portions of money to be paid by them that are not able to pay , in this they sinne against the Kingdome of Christ . Indeed if it be so through Bishops faults , now verily there is a fault . I know no Bishop in our Church but would willingly redresse it . If there be a defect any where it is in Law , not in Bishops Courts . If there were any common Law for the poore Minister to recover his Offerings , and other petty dues ▪ for the officers of courts to procure their fees , whereof both must live or sterve , would they ever run to the dreadfull sentence of excommunication ? It proceeds not from any order or sentence of our Bishops , but from a meere want of other law , for which I hope they will not separate from the common-wealth ; get some law to recover their rights other wayes , and then excommunication shall shine in its glory . Yet , in the meane time , thus much ( I am sure ) may be said , to quiet a tender conscience . A man askes his dues , and it is denied : so hee that denies it , is an unrighteous person . He askes it againe , and it is denied in choller : so , he that denies , is a contentious person ; hee askes it againe , and hee is reviled : so hee that doth so is a reviler . Now , the holy Ghost saith , that contentious persons shall have indignation , and wrath , tribulation , and anguish : that unrighteous persons , theeves and revilers , shall not inherit the Kingdome of God. Therefore they are bound in heaven while they are so . Is not this reciprocall then , those that are bound in heaven , should upon due conviction , bee bound on earth , and those that are so bound on earth , shall bee bound in heaven ? But these that will not pay just fees , dues , if they bee able , upon conviction , and contumacy , are bound in heaven : therefore upon their contumacy th●y may lawfully bee excommunicate . Yea but ( say they ) the Bishops officers should have no fees at all in spirituall cases . Should they not live ? so it may bee , some would , that would doe what they list . But when they spend their time and strength in rectifying disorders as they can by law , shall they have no reward ? Indeed it were a gracious thing , if there were a common treasury to maintaine them that they might heare no more of , they eate up the sinnes of the people : yet because they must bee maintained one of these two wayes ; either out of the common purse of the innocent , or out of the purses of the guilty . Iudge whether it be more equal that one man should spend for another mans sinne , or that a man that will sinne should be driven to spend for his owne ; that if he feare not sinne , yet at the least he may feare the weakning of his purse . And thus ( at the last , by Gods blessing ) have I done with the first general plea of the Brownists against us , that we are no true Church . We have all their pleas , about the nature of a true Church , the enterance into a true Church , the head of a true Church , the members of a true Church , and the government of a true Church . In al which , thorough Christs assistance , I have so cleared our Church , and shewed the vaine singularity of theirs , that , if they will not come to us , yet wee shall keepe where we are , and not forsake the fellowship in our assemblies . SECT . 14. The Brownists second opinion upon ▪ which they forsake our Church , because we have not a true ministery . WE are now ( by Gods favour ) come unto their second opinion , upon which they ground their separation from us to be just , and necessary ; that we have not a true ministery , and therefore ( alasse ) they pitty me and others of my brethren . They doe , or should know , that the best ministery , now , is the opening and applying the word by them that are sent , that which Paul saith of prophecying , that it is a speaking unto men for exhortation , edification , and comfort , is this same with the best ministery . And if they that doe it be sent , then surely it is right as it should bee . Now , to the sending of this ministery there must bee three acts : the act of Christ ; the act of the Church ; and the act of the parties sent . To Christ all authority and power is given , and he useth a double act : an immediate act when he doth , in calling , extraordinarily fit men with knowledge , and power to do his work , so he fitted the Prophets , Apostles , and Evangelists . A mediate act , when he doth it the ordinary way , by meanes , and degrees . Men ( by his grace ) take heede to doctrine , and to themselves , give attendance upon reading ; and attaine to these foure things : integrity of life , by which they get a good report even of those that are without : Soundnesse in christian Doctrine ; by which they are able to teach , exhort , reprove , correct , and instruct those committed to them . Dexterity in teaching , by which they are apt to teach , and communicate their knowledge to others . And lastly , willingnesse , by which they feed the flocke of God willingly and of a ready minde , out of love and zeale to Christ . Of all these no ordinary man can judge : but hee that findes them in himselfe may say , I thank God , I find this act of Christ in sending me which opens the doore . The act of the Church is the Porter that doth let us in : and stands in foure things , presentation , probation , ordination , and election . Presentation is when those that are to be called are presented . Thus the Disciples presented or set before the Apostles Ioseph , Barsabas , and Matthias ; as after they set before them the Deacons that were to be called . Probation is a triall of their gifts and life : as Paul saith , Let them first bee proved , and then let them minister if they be found worthy . Ordination is when they are consecrated and set apart with imposition of hands , and prayer . Thus Paul and Barnabas ordained the Elders in every Church , and Titus was left in Creta for this end . Election and calling is when they are assigned for execution of their Office to their particular titles and allotments , as Matthias to his Apostolicall jurisdiction , and Timothy , and Titus to Episcopall in Ephesus and Creta ; which Election though it may bee conceived to goe before Ordination in respect of the office to which they are elected , yet not in respect of the execution of it in their particular places . The Act of the party sent , is a desire of the Office for the glory of God , and a purpose to spend and to be spent upon that service . They must have ( ordinarily ) a desire of their office , and to addict themselves to the Ministery of the Saints as the house of Stephanas . If it seeme to be unlawfull for a man to desire it , because Moses and Ieremy were unwilling to undertake such high service ; and all the Apostles were called without their owne seeking , and above their desires ; yea and some ancient worthies have been found to hang backe when such offices have beene tendred ? yet when wee consider the willingnesse of Esay , here am I send me , we must learn to judge aright . If any desire it when they are not meet and qualified , it is a wickednesse against justice and charity : against justice in taking the hire when hee is no labourer ; and against charity in not feeding the soules committed his trust . If any qualified man desire it in a wicked way , as ambitions suit , slavish flattery , or the like , it is stained to them who make gaine their godlinesse . But if they desire it out of notice and testimony of sufficiencie to bee Christs instruments ( as they are able ) to further the worke of the Lord , and the salvation of souls , as Esay , it is both just and charitable . It is a worthy worke , and full of charity , and to bee desired : Yea God moves the heart of some to it , and he never doth that to what is unlawfull . As for Moses , Ieremy , and some others , it proceeded out of a too backward modesty , upon conscience of their owne unworthinesse : and as for the Apostles their case was different ; they knew of no such service to be done , and therefore they could not desire it . Againe , the partie sent hath a purpose to spend , and to be spent in the service of Christ . They know it to bee a worke ; yea , and to bee a worthy worke too ; because hee never laboureth without Christ his Lord and master : hee laboureth for the saving of soules , in whose hearts they have honour , as well as with God in Christ : and therefore hee resolves to say as Paul , I will very gladly spend , and bee spent for you , though the more abundantly I love you , the lesse I bee loved . This they doe or should know to make up the best Ministery of Christ . But ( say they ) where is this to be found ? Certainly in our Church , in those that are sent according to the true meaning of our Lawes and Canons both ecclesiasticall and temporall . It is their true intent and meaning , that none should enter ( when they can be had ) but such as are such and thus qualified . If it bee otherwise , it falls out as betwixt Ahimaaz and Cushi : Ahimaaz was forward and would goe carry newes to the King : Ioab denyes him , and sends Cushi ; yet Ahimaaz presseth , and would goe , and went with much a doe , and came to the king first . But when hee came there , hee could onely say , I saw a tumult , but I know not what . It was Cushi that did the message to purpose , who was the messenger intended . So in the intention of our lawes and governours , the best able , instructed , and worthy should still be sent : but when they are deluded with unworthy presentations ; false testimonies , seeming appearances of learning and gravity , ( for some mens sinnes goe before , some follow after ) and with popular importunities , which seldom proves to the best , the least worthy runne fast●st , to the scandal of good lawes , and blessed orders . But for all this , why should wee not have a true ministery ? O no ( say the Brownists ) , excuse what you can , you have not the true ministery of Christ . Indeed we have not Prophets , Apostles , and proper Evangelists : but have we not Past●rs and teachers ? Look upon Christs formal markes of true shepheards . First , they are not the ministers of the Pope of Rome that spiritual Babilonian ; no more are wee . They are proper sacrificing priests for the quicke and the dead , so are not wee . They are his by doctrine , oath , obedience , which ●s the true marke of a servant : so are not wee . They are imbraced by him as his sonnes , we are disclaimed , and persecuted by him with fire and fagot . If wee were of him he would love us , for the wor●d love her owne . Secondly , they publish sound doctrine , which is the trial of a true minister . Such as stand not in his counsel , and declare not his word , are not sent of God as they should : but if they bee nourished up in the words of faith , and of good doctrine , to which they have attained , of which they put the brethren in remembrance , I hope they are true pastours . It is true that all truth is not sit at once ; there must be first milke , then stronger meate : and ordinary pastours have not all truths so revealed as they cannot erre in sōething : yet if they walk according to the same rule , minding the same thing , and humbly expect , though they bee otherwise minded then some other of their brethren , in some things , till God reveale even that unto them , by the scriptures , and publicke discussions , and lawfull definitions of the Church , I hope they are the true ministers of Christ . Thirdly , they have the true properties of a good shepheard given by Christ . They goe in by the doore , that is , Jesus Christ who calleth them by his Church . The porter openeth to them , that is , not the wh●le house , multitude , and congregation ; this cannot but bee a vaine dreame : but partly the holy Ghost who openeth to them by gifts , and partly the governours of the Church , who are delegated under Christ for their admittance . They call their sheep by their names , labouring to know the state of their flocks , that they may draw out of their treasury things , both new , and old , and minister to them according to their need . They lead them forth , from pasture to pasture , from milk to strong meate , that they may be sat and wel-liking before Christ . For though many of their people are ignorant and wicked ( because they will not come to Christ that they may be saved ) yet as the Shepheard leades his cattell to greene pastures and waters , though they will not eat or drink of them : so our good Ezekiels are leaders of their people , though the wicked , that follow not , perish . And lastly , they goe before their flockes , in sound Doctrine and good life , both according to the intention of our Church in sending them , and very often in plaine examples . And are not these true Ministers that doe thus ? Fourthly , they have an ordinary and daily assistance of Christ for the converting of soules . For though it cannot be said of every particular true Minister : for I have laboured in vaine and spent my strength for nothing , said Esay ; The bellowes are burnt , the lead is consumed , the Founder melteth in vaine , for the wicked are not plucked away : yet is it true , of a true Ministery of a Church , in generall ; for if they stand in Gods counsell , and declare his Word to Gods people they shall turne them . And is it not thus with our Ministery ? Hath not the Gospel beene the power of God by it to many that have beleeved it ? Can they not truly say , In Christ Iesus wee have begotten thousands through the Gospel ? Let it be said , that our Ministery hath converted none from Heathenisme and Judaisme to Christianity , as the Apostles did ; yet hath it beene by Christs blessing , powerfully sealed by plucking away thousands from lewd courses , by no compulsion , but by the feare of God wrought by the preaching of the hammer and fire of the Law and Gospel , by us ; and by converting them to holinesse of life . If it be said that none can be converted but Infidels , such as the Apostles converted in the first planting of the Churches of the Gentiles : It is certaine that it is as true a conversion from any sinne to sanctification , as from infidelity to faith . For Iohn Baptist was sent to turne the disobedient Iewes : and Peter after his fall was to be converted : and Ephraim was to say , turne thou me and I shall be turned : and the remnant of Iacob was to returne to the mighty God. But ( say they ) this may be done by private persons , as by the woman of Samaria , and by the good wife , who winnes her husband by her conversation . Who doth doubt that as the base carriage of Christians doth make religion blasphemed : so the faire carriage of thē doth win aliens to like it ? Who doubts but the perswasions of others may draw men to Christ or his followers to bee informed in good wayes ? Who doubts of Aquilas and Priscillas taking Apollos ( a man mighty in the Scriptures ) and making him understand the wayes of Christ better ? Yea and Christ ( if hee please ) may use them as meanes for thorow conversion . But what is Christs ordinary way ? hee hath now given Pastors and Doctors , not onely for the setting of the Saints in joynt , and edifying of the body of Christ , but for the worke of the Ministery : and what is that ? It is to open mens eyes , and to turne them from darknesse to light , that they may receive forgivenesse of sinnes and inheritance among them that are sanctif●ed by Faith in Christ . Therefore our Ministery having done thus , are not these true Ministers ? No ( say the Brownists ) and therefore doe they make exceptions against us . They like not our ordainers , our titles , our callings , our infirmities , nor our maintenances : therefore we are not true Ministers . Let us follow them with Christs light . It is as if they should have said , though we cannot overthrow the substance of your Ministery , yet we reject you because of the circumstances of it , as the children of Israel who could not out-face Elishaes calling from God , yet could in scorne say come up thou bald-pate , thou art not without thy blemish , till the Beares stopt their mouthes . Let them take heede . If a King have all the substance of right and Kingshippe , yet if in his inauguration hee have not a pleasing ●nnointer , title , acclamation , maintenance , or have some infirmities , is hee not a right King ? I doubt , if these spirits had power in their hand , neither true King , nor true Priest , nor true people , should scarcely be found to stand before them . But to the particulars . They say , wee are ordained by Bishops , who are ( as they are such ) the very limbes of Antichrist . That they are the blessed governors of our Church , according to the patterne , and rules Apo●tolicall , of Timothy and Titus , I have shewed before . And by whom should wee be ordained but by such ? Can a good man dreame that the body of a people of men , and women , have a power to ordaine and consecrate presbyters , when if he runne thorough the whole new testament , he can never find but bresbyters ordained by presbyters ? If ours bee Bishops , yet they are presbyters and more . They have an order , and jurisdiction , by right above us , as Titus in Creta , yet I hope , that doth not exclude presbytership from them . The inferiour orders may stand alone , but the superiour comprehends all . A Bishop may reade , administer sacraments , and doe other offices of the inferiour orders , and often doth : whereas the other inferiour offices have no jurisdiction over their brethren , where the blessing of Bishops may by the favour of times , and Princes bee setled according to the word of God. That which is their weapon heere , I suffer to runne unto my heart , not to wound it , but to comfort it : that I have not beene brought up in other Churches , to receive my ordination from the presbytery ( which yet is good in case of necessity , when our way cannot be had ) : but that I have received it by the hand of a Bishop , as well as presbyters , which makes the practises and rules of scriptures about ordinations the lesse defective , the more compleat . But these Bishops of ours ( say they ) doe ordaine us Priests , which is not a ministery of the new testament . And what if we be so called in our ordination ? Is it so contemptible a name which is put upon all Christians , both kings and beggars ? may not we be called so as ministers , as well as we , and they too as Christians ? Indeed , popish Priests had an ill name , when they ruled our people , which made it a name of disgrace : and proud and scornefull people will cast it upon us , with disgrace , who doe deserve better : but by Christs helpe , I shall never bee ashamed of that name which I must labour to answer in my office , if I will bee found faithfull . Christ as a Priest maketh intercession ; and I as a Priest must pray for my people , as Paul did often . Christ as a Priest did offer a sacrifice ; & I as a Priest must minister the Gospel of God , that the sacrificing of my people may be acceptable , as Paul of the Gentiles . And why should any bee offended at that name by which the holy Ghost calls us ? for when Esay speaketh of the ministers of the new testament , hee saith , of them will I take for Priests , and Levites ; saith the Lord. What matters it what wee are called , so long as wee offer no idolatrous sacrifice , but onely in our office commemorate the sacrifice of Christ , and doe other services for his honour ? Put case wee may bee Priests in name , and Presbyters indeed , yet ( say they ) wee are not called by the people , whose souls we feed , but are put upon them by lawes and Canons . This is in part true , but not fully : for while Presbyters are put into parishes by law , they come unto them by their owne consent . For have not the people chosen knights , and Burgesses to draw up , and to consent to lawes for them ? And have not Presbyters chosen clarkes , synodically to meete , to make rul●s and Canons for them ? And doe not both these settle Presbyters in every parish . Therefore they are inducted by all ministers and peoples consent . But put case it were fully true , were wee not therefore true ministers ? Did we never heare of a man and woman that were married together against the will of one party ( by the power of parents ) who yet , being married , were true man and wife , and by an after combining , lived lovingly together ? so may it bee in this case : a free consent of minister and people after , in the true worship of God may supply and make up that defect . But is it certaine that the people have such a right in calling their Presbyters ? Let us looke into the sure word of God. I see the right of Christian Magistrates in choosing them unto their places . Take thou unto thee Aaron for the Priests office , saith God : and thus did Moses . See also how David did sort , and divide the Priests and Levites for their severall workes . Did not Solomon by soveraignety deprive Abiathar , and induct Zadoch , yea and appoint the Priests and Levites to their severall service , as David ? Did not Hezekiah the same , and that not by instinct , as a type of I know not whom , but still after the example of David , who was not checked for it ? Why then should our Christian kings lose their rights , which they partly execute by themselves , and partly according to the lawes by their delegates , and officers , both in Church , and Common-wealth ? It is true , we may reade of the people to have some hand about Church officers in the scriptures , as when Matthias was chosen , and when the Deacons ( as they call them there ) were : yea and in after times too , till uproares , tumults , and seditions followed for want of those graces , which the people in the Apostles times had : but let them duely weigh , that Christ hath left no precept for that , no nor established practise in all Churches . Yea , such elections never were but when the Apostles were present with them , yea the people must be confessed then to have extraordinary gifts ( they were baptized , and the Holy Ghost came upon them ) and so to bee able to be assistant in choyce . Yet these people did never assume it as a right in themselves , but come to it upon the Apostles exhortations for the time being . How slender therefore are such grounds , which fell out in unimitable cases , and when there was no Christian Magistrate , to carry with them a continued right , let good consciences guided by the Word of God , judge ▪ I know not what the Brownists will say to this ; but I am sure they loade us with fresh burthens which presse us downe from being a true Ministery , at least in the guilty . They finde in many of our congregations wicked and ignorant Priests , who pollute the whole worship of Christ ; and are these the true Ministers of Christ ? They are true Ministers of Christ , if they minister the things of Christ truely : true Word , true Sacraments , true Prayers according to the measure of the gift of Christ. There is a difference betwixt a good man and a true man : so betwixt a good Minister and a true Minister . I wish from my soule that this distinction need not : and that all Presbyters and Bishops were both unreproveable in life , and able to teach ; that so neither Brownists nor Atheists may have occasion to stumble at them . But so long as Satan and hypocrisie are in the Church , there will bee such annoyances : Yet Gods people must not abhorre the sacrifices for the wickednesses of Elyes sonnes ; if they doe they sinne as God hath said . Put case they be wicked Priests , yet may they performe the true service of Christ . Iesus Disciples baptized sufficiently ( I hope ) and Iudas was one of them , yet himselfe was a Divell . The Priests and Levites of old offered sacrifices , celebrated Sacraments whereby the faithfull had their faith confirmed , yet too many of them were too wicked . Christs ordinances have their efficiencie from him , not from them that serve about them . The garden may bee watered and made fruitfull by water that runs thorow a woodden gutter , yet that not a whit the better , but the worse for it . The Sunne may give us comfortable light thorow a sluttish and noysome window , yet that never the better by it . The field may bring forth a goodly crop though sowed with a durty hand . The Bell may call us to the Church though it never enter it selfe but by the sound . The Well may yeeld excellent water though it have much mud . Therefore though such Preachers are odious , yet how can the people refuse the holy things of God which come truely from them . They will if they deserve hanging , receive the Kings pardon whosoever writes or brings it to them . They have deserved worse , Hell , will they refuse the seale of a pardon from a wicked Priest ? Put case they be ignorant Priests ( though , blessed be God , that cloud was never better blowne over ) I hope they know how to preach the Word and administer the Sacraments truely . The Disciples were not such excellent Clearkes when they baptized . Though they were initiated in Christs Schoole , examine whether they did not doe it before they were sent to preach : They baptized before Iohn was cast into prison : and Christ did not begin to preach himselfe publikely before Iohn was imprisoned , and after that he sent his Disciples to preach : what they were that went with Peter to Cornelius let them certainly tell me . The Text calls them certaine brethren ; yet when Peter had preached to Cornelius and those about him , hee commanded them to be baptized : who baptized them ? As yet there was no communion betwixt the faithfull and the Gentiles , and onely certaine brethren went with Peter , and no Deacons chosen but them at Ierusalem . I doubt they will not find such clearkship in them . Thus I answer them , not to uphold an ignorant ministery , I abhorre it from my soule : or to beare with private persons medling with the holy things of God ; for our Church government is against it . But partly because the Word saith , that God hath set in the Church helps or helpers to be assistant in reading and in ministring of the Sacraments to teachers , and partly because none should thinke no Sacraments true Sacraments , except administred by learned Clearkes fully able to teach . But now , to let all things passe which are gone for this time , the Brownists will have about with our Ministery if it be but for our maintenance . Our maintenance is a Jewish and ceremoniall maintenance ; namely , Tythes , which are fitter for the ministers of Antichrist , whose Religion hath a mixture of Judaisme in it , then for the Ministery of Christ . They will not deny that they that preach the Gospel , should live of the Gospel : this Christ hath ordained , and not man. Nor will they deny that the Apostle proves by the Law and Leviticall practice , that the Ministers of the Gospel must have maintenance from the Church . Neither will they deny that he that laboureth in the Word and doctrine is worthy of double honor , & must be communicated unto by him that he teacheth in all good things : But yet they doe not love to heare of these Iewish Tythes . I would aske them this one question : They say they must doe nothing about the worship of God , or for the support and maintenance of it , but what they must have a particular warrant from the Word of God for . Well then , seeing God doth require that Pastours should bee maintained honourably by a communicating in every good thing , let them tell me , how they will satisfie their consciences in the particular quantity they must bestow upon them : Some men will say one thing , some another , but how will conscience be satisfied , that it may dye in the peace of justice and charity ? The Scripture speakes not of any other particular quantity but the tenth part , what therfore else can satisfie conscience that it erre not ? But ( they will say ) that ●thes are Jewish ceremonies which are abo●ished . It is easie to say so , but not so easie to prove . For Jewish ceremonies are shadowes of things to come , the body whereof is Christ . Let them shew from Gods word that tythes are so accounted . I am sure than God blames the faulty performance and resting in ceremonies : but hee never blameth the neglect of ceremonies , as of tythes , when hee saith , ye are cursed with a curse , for yee have robbed me , even this whole nation , in not paying tythes . Yea we never read that ever Christ said so much of any Jewish ceremony as of tythes , these things ought ye not to leave undone . If it be said , that this maintenance cannot be proved out of the new testament . I say , that this wil trouble any man to prove : for when Paul proves out of the law , that the ministery of the new testament hath maintenance due , doth he not say , ( so ) hath the Lord ordained , that hee that preacheth the Gospel should live of the Gospel ? and how is that ? As they of old lived at the altar by tythes , so we now . Againe , doth not the Apostle say , that tythes are due to the ministery of Christ that lives , because they were due to Melchizedech , to whom Abraham payed them as a Priest , and tythe-taker , and type of Christ ? who therefore should receive them , but those that are in his stead to beseech you to be reconciled unto God ? The same reason that God gives why Levi should have Gods portion , ( because God is his portion ) is it not true , of ministers whom alone hee hath taken to bee ministers of the new testament ? It is true , they are not Priests after the order of Melchizedech , as Christ was , yet the High-priest of our profession , hath ordained us to live out of his portion , which must bee his tythes due to him , or else our consciences can never bee setled what it is . Let them duely weigh this , and when they can salve it up well , as in the sight of God , then may they heare of much more ; we hate Judaisme as much as they , but we cannot beare that title , except it be inflicted by Christ himselfe . And thus ( by the helpe of God ) I have cleared their second exception , upon which they separate , because wee are not a true ministery . SECT . 15. The Brownists last opinion upon which they forsake our Church , because wee have not a true worship . WE are now come ( thorough Christs helpe ) unto their last exception against us ; which concernes the worship of God amongst us , as if wee had not a true , but an idolatrous worship of the true God. This they doe so much detest ( and so do we too , if they can prove it ) that they cannot with any good conscience have communion with us in it . Doe not wee cleave to the onely true God , by knowledge , repentance , faith , feare , love , confidence , joy , thankfulnesse , patience , and adoration ? Doe wee not know God to bee the onely true God , and therefore give him his true worship in spirit and truth , according to his word ? Doe we not pray to him knowingly , faithfully , zealously , penitently , and obediently desiring to be made better ? Doe we not preach and heare his word carefully , and reverently , desiring to know , and doe ? Doe wee not administer the sacraments of Christ , and receive them with a desire and purpose to enter covenant with God to bee his people , and keepe it unto our lives end ? Doe we not in all these lament our defects , and others , labouring to helpe what we can , and what we cannot patiently suffer ; and lovingly mourne till Christ in the day of judgement fanne away the chaffe ? Doe we not publickely solemnize the Lords day , that in the publicke use of Gods ordinances wee may learne to bee better , and doe better till wee come to the full age in Christ Jesus ? How then can it be imagined that wee should not have a true worship ? Yes ( say the Brownists ) your worship is Ceremonial , typical , and stinted , contrary to Christs will , who would have you worship him in spirit and truth . First they say it is a ceremonial worship ; will no worshippe please them , but a slovenly one , unbecomming the person of that God whom wee worship ? If our ceremonies were part of the worship , as they of the Jewes , or proper worship , as many are reputed in the Church of Rome , then they might talke aloud : but when they are but outward accidents for the well and orderly carriage of the worship of God , what hurt is in them ? Will it grieve any man to see Christians to worship their God in an humble , comely , and reverend way ? Nay would it not vexe any good soule to see them to doe otherwise . They say , that Christ was more faithfull in the house of God then Moses . If therefore Moses prescribed Gods worship onely according to the patterne given , much more doth Christ , to which it is wickednesse to us to adde . Indeed Christ is more faithfull then Moses : for the law was given by Moses , but grace and truth by Iesus Christ : Moses gave a perfect shadow of our reconciliation under types , but Christ gives a perfect body which hath nothing but truth in him , and not a shadow of things , as the things of Moses . But what is this to decent ceremonies , which are not types and shadowes of Christ , and his but onely documents , and signes of our humble and reverend respects to God ? As faithfull as Moses was , yet even then had the Jewes ceremonies of order , and comlinesse , which were not disallowed by God , or reprooved by his Prophets . There are two sorts of ceremonies : such as corrupt the worship of God , and such as doe preserve by advancing the worship of God. If they had made any types of Christ which God had not made , they had corrupted the worship of God , as the Brownists doe ; who when we tell them of the acts of the kings of Iudah ▪ about the worship of God , they presently ( without the warrant of God ) tell us that they were types of Christ . They may 〈◊〉 well say that the kings of other nations were types of Christ too : because the Jewes were to have Kings according to other nations . But when the devout Jewes did by their owne ceremonies , labour to carry the worship of God in the most becomming way , in this they did preserve the worship of God by advancing it . Thus Salomons peace-offering was commanded , but his advancement of that service was permitted to himself , when he offered two & twenty thousand oxen , and an hundred and twenty thousand sheep . Did he now goe against the faithfulnesse of Moses , when he commanded it not ? Did hre not likewise honour God with the solemnity of seven dayes , and seven daies without particular warrant ? He was commanded to pray , but when hee added this ceremony of his owne ( fit for that time of jubilation ) to stand before the Altar , and spread forth his hands toward heaven , did hee corrupt the worship of God because Moses commanded it not ? If Princes hold their people faithfully to them , to serve God and the King , this is commanded them , as the Law is committed to them : but if Ioshuah doe it by setting up a stone in Shechem ; if Asa doe it by an oath , and if Nehemiah doe it by subscription , who hath required it ? Is Moses unfaithfull ? Are not these things permitted to them and us ? To remember Gods benefits is commanded : but for Mordecai and the Iewes to doe it by the Feast of Purim , who hath required it ? was it not onely permitted ? So it is with us : wee have precepts and permissions under generall rules . In conscience to the precepts wee preach and heare the word , wee administer and receive the Sacrament , wee pray both publikely and privately : But in conscience to the permission , we heare and preach from the Pulpit , or from none , with one in a gowne , or cloake , in white , or in blacke : wee receive standing , sitting , or kneeling ▪ we pray standing , lying , or sitting , as necessity and order is put upon us by God and our superiours , and as the worship of God may bee best advanced : And what hurt is heere ? But ( say they ) these permissions are put upon us by peremptory Lawes contrary to our Christian liberty . By a Law indeed they are bound to them with us , but not contrary to Christian liberty : for then Titus was in vaine left in Creta to set in order things that are wanting , if Christians in the outward carriage of things might doe what they list . Therefore I wish them brotherly to consider something concerning ceremonies , and something concerning Christian liberty . Ceremonies may be considered two wayes : Before a Law hath bound this or that way ; and After the bond of a Law. Before , they may have not onely variety , but contrariety , and yet not displease God. One eateth , another eateth not , yet God receiveth both : one esteemeth one day above another , another esteemeth every day alike , yet if they bee charitable , and fully perswaded in their own hearts , God is not displeased . But when a Law hath passed upon them , those things that are permissions in themselves are precepts in their use : as when the Church decreed the abstaining from stranguled and bloud , so long as was convenient for the Churches of the Iewes . As God loves that we should keepe the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace , in one faith : so Paul joyes when hee beholds the order among the Colossians , that all their things were done in love . So long as wee are free , wee are like the daughters of Zelophehad , who , so they kept within their owne tribe , might marry whom they pleased : so wee may looke which way we please , and settle according to our pleasure . But when the law of expediency is put upon us , wee must say , all things are lawfull , but all things are not expedient . When the law of Charity is put upon us , wee must say , if meate make my brother to offend , I will eate no flesh while the world standeth . And when the law of loyalty is put upon us , we must say , thou ( O Christian king ) art worth ten thousand of us , the scandall of thee swallowes up the scandall of ten thousand persons ; therefore wee must doe as Ioab , number the people , no sinne in it selfe , though we see inconveniences that may fall upon it . Next , concerning Christian liberty , it doth not make us lawlesse : for then were it vaine for any Church whatsoever , to determine what is fit for ceremonies to bee done by them : for then every one might flye to Christian liberty , and say , I will doe what I list , my Christian liberty shall beare me out . And how unfit this were ▪ every religious soule c●n judge : but it is a liberty that frees our consciences from inward bondage , that we be not brought under the dominion of any thing . I eate fish or flesh as is appointed , but I am brought under the dominion of neither . I weare white or blacke , I stand , or sit , or kneele , but I am brought under the dominion of none of them . In my conscience , my Christian liberty hath set me free , but in my practise , I am bound in these things to expediency , charity , or loyalty for the establishing of good order in the Church , or in the cōmon-weale . If they would but duely consider these two things , they would never talk of permissions turned into lawes to prejudice Christian liberty . Yea , Christian wisedome would learne them too , that religious worship is called by the name of outward ceremonies used in them : as God calls praying , b●wing of the knees , and swearing , lifting up our hands ; not because these are commanded duties in such acts of worship , but because God permits , and loves our well carriage in his worship according to generall rules , though we have no particular precepts . Yea , but ( say they ) our ceremonies are typicall and Iewish ceremonies , which hurt our worship . They meane ( as I conceive ) they are teaching ceremonies , not ceremonies of meere order , but significant , to put us in minde of duty . I am sorry that this should be accounted a fault . If they did not signifie , how could they edifie ? Were they types and shadowes of the mysteries of the Gospell invented by men , indeed Christ were ill advised not to ordaine them . But being onely mo●al documents and monitors of some duties , I wonder where their guilt lies . If I had an hundred boxes in my house for my uses , and some few of them had a marke upon them , to direct me where my mony lay , that I might be carefull of that , doth this savour of want of naturall wisedome ? So neither doth it taste of want of spirituall wisedome , to set a marke upon some few ceremonies , to put me in minde of my duty to Christ . What are these ( say they ) but images set up to our selves for religious use . What ? to worship ? to adore God in , or by ? No , but to reminde us of what we ought to doe . And this was the practise of the Church in all ages ; Abraham put his servants hand under his thigh in swearing , surely to signifie his subjection to him in that businesse about the promised seede . Moses set up an Altar when Amaleck was overthrowne , and called it Iehovah Nissi , to signifie , that the Lord was their banner . The two tribes and a halfe built an altar , not to distinguish their borders , but to signifie , that they were Gods people , and that they had all one God , to whom they , and their posterity must sacrifice upon his owne altar : Samuel set up a stone when the Philistims were discomforted , and called it Eben-Ezer , to signifie that the Lord helped them . When Christ the truth was come , hee used humane significant ceremonies , as the feast of dedication , sitting at the Passeover , a signe of rest , the water pots of the jewish purifications , the custome of embalming , beside other formalities of the synagogue . The Corinthians had the womens vaile in the congregation , to signifie subjection , and the kisse of peace ▪ to signifie love . Other Christians had Agapae at the sacrament , in the roome whereof the Christians offertory was brought in for pious uses , to signifie that love they should have one to another . So wee have standing at the beliefe ▪ to signifie that it is not a prayer , and that wee are ready to confesse our faith ; kneeling at the commandements , to signifie the honour we have to that God that gave it , and that wee must be ready to dart up prayer for our obedience ; and kneeling at the sacrament , to signifie an humble acknowledgement of Gods love for so great a benefit . And doe wee and all these saints before us set up images to our selves in these ceremonies , for religious u●e ? God forbid . The practise of these saints when the lawes of God were purely taught and kept , teach us , that though we my not set up an image to worship God by , or in , yet may we set up some edifying signes to put us in minde of those duties wee owe to God. The Patriarchs may build altars , give their children proper names , to be admonishing signes of their duties to God : and we may set all our sences on work that way . We may set up a poste in a darke and dangerous passage , that when I goe that way and touch it , it may signifie my danger , and I may avoide it ▪ I may set a watch-man in a towre to give a sound when the enemy comes , that he may signifie my enemies approach , and I may avoid him . I may set up a Sea marke to signifie a Rocke neere , that I split not upon it , And may not we be as wise for our soules as for our bodies ? God forbid . I am sure he hath no where forbidden it : therefore it is not against Christ . If it be not against him , it is for him , saith our Saviour . Why then ( say they ) have we cast out all the significant ceremonies of Popery . Not for their significancy barely , but for their weight and measure . They are not to them onely , as outward garnishments of worship , but as proper worship , efficacious and meritorious : their number stifles devotion , and fills it with shewes without substance . A cup of water refreshes , but an whole Well of water choakes . Yea an hundred Sermons weekly would not edifie , they would eate out our conscience in our particular callings : much more would an hundred ceremonies eate out the substance of our generall callings , when a few may much refresh and profit , if judgement over-power fancie and affection . Yea but ( say they ) our significant ceremonies were taken from Idolaters and limbs of Antichrist who have abused them . Were this true , yet take the drosse from the silver and make a vessel for the finer : but it is false . Though they have had such as ours , and have still , yet ours are our owne , and were never theirs in speciall . Fire and water are contrary , yet they agree in their kind , they are both elements : so ours are ceremonies , and so are theirs , but otherwise they differ as fire and water ; they scorne therefore ours , and we deride theirs . We read of sacrifices offered to Devils , yet some of this was sold in shambles , and some the Heathens made feasts of . It was all the same flesh in kind , but not in use . The christians did damnably if they went to it when it was sacrificed , yea and if they went to their Idol feasts when they blessed an idol , it was idolatry : but if they bought part of that flesh in the Shambles , and eate it , or went to their private feasts when they eate of it ( for ought they knew ) without reference to the Idol , then saith Paul , Eate making no question for conscience sake . So say we of our crosse , Surplice , kneeling , they were ordinances before Idolators abused them . If they take them and blesse an Idol with them , be it upon their own pates ▪ but if we be invited to them in a better use ( and not know , nor have just cause to suspect any lurking Idolatry ) why should wee make so many needlesse questions about the use of them ? Put case such as they are , pertained to Idolaters . So did Goliahs sword , yet David laid it up in an holy place for better use . So did bowing belong to Baal , prostrating the whole body to Idols , kissing to the Calves , kissing the hand to the hoste of heaven , lifting up the eies , stretching forth both hands , showting for joy , sitting or lying along upon the ground , or on a carpet , to idols : yet all these we may use in the worship of the true God. So for our ceremonies , such as they are pertained to idolaters , but were not idolatrous of themselves . The crosse was used as a signe of profession before idolatrie prevailed . The white garment was ordained as a cover-sloven in the poverty of the Church ; kneeling was used as an act of reverence before the breaden God was hatcht . And may not we lawfully use them now , to shew that we are in communion and fellowship with that blessed and persecuted Church , without such noises and schismes . Yea , but in our worship there is ( say they ) as bad as all behinde ; wee have a stinted worship by that foule idol the common prayer booke , and so we worship not in spirit , and truth . Doe we not worship in spirit , when the spirit moves towards heaven as well as the flesh ? Doe wee not worship in truth , when our petitions are true petitions , uttered with a true tongue according to the truth of our hearts ? Doe wee not worship in spirit and truth , when with such petitions , heart , and tongue ; we seek to God in all places , not trusting in any ? Certainely wee doe , and should doe farre better , were it not for them who disgrace our common-prayer booke , and draw the hearts of Gods people from it . Yet those that know the vanity of their words , and trust them not , know also , that they , even when they use that booke to send their prayers t● heaven by , doe pray in spirit and truth , God bearing them witnesse by the holy Ghost . How can they pray in spirit ( say they ) when they use him not ? what ? Is there no spirit but our owne ? Surely there is a publicke spirit , and a private spirit . The first , hath wrought in the holy saints , and army of martyrs , who have laied up stocks of praier for us generations that follow them : and by the blessed providence of God , they are come into our hands . There wee see how they prayed for us before we were . There we learne to pray of them , of whom the world was not worthy . This spirit we use as well as our owne : and it is pitty that any Christian that can pray to God by his owne dexterity of spirit , should yet contemne the workings , and helpings of the publicke spirit , without whom the world had never had such a benefit . But alasse ( say they ) our spirits are quite stinted when they are fettered with words appointed . Surely , the freedome of spirit stands not so much in freedome of words , and in intention of zeale . As a servant that delivers his masters message in his masters words may doe it with a free spirit : So may a man pray when he takes to himselfe words , and not coines them himself . The best prayers are those that are delivered in Gods words : and are our spirits stinted because we tye our selves to Gods words ? As Gods Spirit is not stinted when it speakes unto us by the Scriptures read : so nor our spirits when wee speake feelingly to God by read Prayers . Put case one man pray with a thousand that have large spirits , will they say that their spirits are stinted because they are tyed up , for the time being , to his spirit ? so nor when wee pray with others Prayers . Have wee a spirit better than the Disciples of Christ ? and doe wee know what will stint them better than Christ ? yet Christ gave them the Lords Prayer not onely to say after that manner , when hee taught the Doctrine of Prayer , but also to say , when hee taught them the practice of Prayer . But ( say they ) hath not God given every good Christian a spirit of supplication , by which they have a faculty and power to pray ? The Disciples ( I hope ) were good Christians , yet they say to Christ , teach us to pray . Yet know that there is a double power to pray : An inward power , by which the heart moves , and goes out of it selfe after God , Christ , grace , and salvation . This power all good Christians have , by the spirit of adoption , whereby they cry Abba , Father . An outward power , whereby they are able distinctly and judiciously to expresse the motions and desires of their hearts . This power all have not , and therefore have neede still to have further helpe and direction , as our Saviour did helpe his Disciples . But surely ( they may say ) the Lords Prayer is not a forme of Prayer taught his Disciples , or us . It is short and imperfect , it hath no such glory in it as some other ; I may think● it , though Christs word be say ▪ and none are tyed to this forme of Prayer alone . Let all this stand till it be removed . It is true it is short , and in that is seene the glorious wisdome of Christ ; but it is most perfect . We must pray all manner of Prayers , Supplications , intercessions , and giving of thankes : yet all these are comprehended in it . Againe , there is infinitely more glory in it then in all Prayers made by men . If all Prayers be made they have their graynes of weight from hence . It briefly comprehends them all , and hath the best authority in the world . The wisdome of God the son of God , the beloved of God made it and expressed it with his tongue , in such blessed order as men & Angels cannot devise the like . It is true that Christ saith , say it : but there is a saying with the mind and heart , as well as with the tongue . For there are two parts of Prayer ; the soule of Prayer , when it is presented with understanding , heart , and spirit : and the body of Prayer to helpe our fervencie ; as when we bowe our knees , lift up our hearts with our hands , and our eyes are lift up to God , and our bones say , Lord who is like unto thee , and our tongues are the pennes of ready writers . Yet hath not Christ tyed us unto this prayer only . Christ himselfe hath other prayers beside this , and the Apostles many , together with the Church , and godly particulars . Yet by reason of the perfection of it both in matter , order , and words : by reason of the sufficiency of it to supply all wants : and by reason of our forgetfulnesse to aske all , or halfe ; it is a sure and comforting way ( what ever wee pray ) to use it alwaies with judgement and understanding . But ( say some of them ) it is of so large extent that wee cannot comprehend it . It is true , that it is of large extent and therefore we must labor for strength of judgmēt , and memory to put it up from the heart , that we may not tumble it over ( as the manner of some is ) as if it burnt their tongues . But Christs lookes not that we should conceive of every thing in it ▪ every time wee use it . As there are few prayers wee can make ▪ but are of larger extent then wee presently conceive , as when we say , the Lord san●tifie your sickenesse unto you , the Lord blesse you , the Lord give you grace , there are more things comprehended then presently meant● so in the Lords prayer ; and therefore wee must have docible hearts to understād it better , & better , and we must have wisedom according to our apprehension , to apply it to severall occasions . But ( say they ) this or any other stinted prayer , are the very cut-throates of devotion , and coolers of affections . Indeed they are so to wicked hearts . Children must bee pleased with novelties , and wicked men loath Gods continued favours , though it bee Mannah from heaven : but if set prayers wrought so of themselves , would Christ ever have given a set forme to his disciples ? Certainely they will be no enemies to devotion , if Christians bee zealous and carefull in using them . For the constant practise of the saints in scriptures commends them unto us in prescribed Psalmes , and formes of blessing . And such is the inequalitie of gifts dispensed by Christ unto his people , that to some a prescribed forme is necessary , when he hath not given them gifts of knowledge , and utterance to expresse their desires in any comely way ; To others necessary too , who are able fitly , and fully to doe it in private , yet are not so faced , and tongued , that they can doe it with confidence in publicke ; to all it is excellently usefull , that they may not onely have helpe of their owne spirits , but of the publick spirit of God working in his church , to advance them forward to heaven . It is a world of pittie , that men that have some great gifts ( as they thinke ) should contemn them that have them not , though haply they have others better then they . To have a gift of expressing our desires in fit order , matter , and words , is a comely ornament , yet may it , and doth often fall upon an hypocrite , it is not of the essence of a saveable Christian● but to say , wee know not what to pray for as we ought , but the spirit helpes me ( publickly and privately ) with groanes and sighes that cannot be expressed , to say thus , I say , and to feele the truth of it too , is a note of a good Christian , and can fall upon none but a childe of the kingdome of heaven . But ( say they ) put case that others may be helped by set formes of prayer , yet is there no reason that a Minister or Presbyter that hath gifts , should bee tied to a forme of words . Neither is he alwaies , but that he should bee tied to common solemne praier , as with us , there is excellent reason for it , as well as in all other reformed Churches , except theirs . First , for uniformity , that all Gods people in our Church might meete at the same time , and put up the same petitions with earnest desires , in the same manner . And is not this a comforting thought , that we have an opener way to heavē made us , by the joint suites of all good English or hearts . Secondly , for memory , that he may not forget the generall necessities of all the Church , and so sticke upon those particulars onely , which are according to his owne feeling . Thirdly , for honour to the blessed saints and martyres whose prayers they were . That as we have had benefit by them , when they were put up to God before , so wee may bring benefit to our selves and others by them , when wee pray them now . Fourthly , for his calling sake . Hee is not immediatly called by God , 〈…〉 & the Church . Therefore as he is called by God , he useth those gifts which hee hath received from God ; as he is called by the Church , he is to use and honour the publicke gifts of the Church , in interpretation , prayer , and the like . What more need bee said to justifie our worship by set formes of prayer , for the present I see not : when I shall , by Gods assistance I shall say more . SECT . 16. The Brownists maine exceptions in their former argument , against our common-prayer booke more specially . THough set formes of publicke pray●r may be lawfull , usefull , commendable , and glorious , yet they say , that our common prayers are not so fit a way to worship God by : nay they say more , that that worship is plainely idolatrous . I am sure that that assertion is weakely superstitious . I would wish them that they be piously carefull , that they speake not evill of that they know not , because they are not careful or willing to know , we ordinarily know unwise young men , when their whose soules live in their affections , to make many objections against many good orders , and lawes , who , when ripenesse , and experience , hath made them see the reasons , have beene ashamed of what they have done : and may it not be so with these men and women ? Howsoever I would intreate them to consider what they may reade in the historie of our Church , that when a godly martyr was reading in a primar of our Church , and came to Lord have mercy upon us , Christ have mercy upon us , an ungodly serving-man , who was set to attend him , blasphemously mocked at it , but hee was strooke madde that night , and dyed miserably . Let them duely consider this , and feare to open their mouthes against any comforts of the godly , and advancement of godlinesse . As for my part , I have reade some liturgies beside our owne , and have heard of others : but ( blessed be God ) I never saw , or heard of any more fully accomplished for the worke in hand . But am I not deceived ? Let us ( in the feare of God ) take a view how it proceeds in all publicke service , and call in along their exception ( which I know ) as we goe along . There is in it first , a preparation to publicke service , and then the service , and worship it selfe . The preparation is by meditation , exhortation , and prayers . The Presbyter , or Deacon , doth in the beginning propound some texts of scripture to be thought upon , that we by their meditation , may draw our selves into the presence of our God to heare and doe . Yea indeed ( say they ) they doe corrupt the text . For though they say , At what time soever a sinner doth repent from the bottome of his heart , God will blot them out of his remembrance , which is not the speech of Ezekiel . I pray is not this the full sense of the Prophet ; made speake to ordinary capacity , if not his words ? Doth he not say , if the wicked will turne ? Is not this equivalent to at what time soever , whether to day , to morrow , or whensoever ? I hope when conditions are performed , God will be as good as his word whensoever . Doth he not say , If they turne from all their iniquities , and keepe all my Statutes ? What is this but repent from the bottome of the heart , and leave no root of bitternesse behind ? Doth he not say , Hee shall live , his sinnes shall not be mentioned unto him ? what is this but I will put them or blot them out of my remembrance ? This is not corruption , I hope , when the Text is plainly expressed in the true sense of it . Secondly , he doth exhort the people according to the Scriptures to confesse their sinnes with a lowly , penitent , and obedient heart , saying after him . By this hee puts them in minde what to doe , namely to confesse their sinnes aright , that their poyson being vomited up , they may the better set themselves to seeke God in the other acts of worship . But ( say they ) what need this , saying after me , seeing the Presbyters Prayer and the peoples Amen is enough . Indeed it is enough to a Prayer , the petitions whereof are not knowne to the people before , such as that of Ezra , and when men exercised their owne gifts for the edification of many . But is it therefore unlawfull for the people to say after their leader when hee prompteth them , or they are taught by the Church ? Doe not all the people , as well as the Presbyter pray to God , and praise God in singing Psalmes ? And I am sure the Word of Christ , which warranteth what is commanded , and what it goeth not against is not against it . It is true , it is uncomely for many mouthes to put up a petition to the King at once : It would confound him whose apprehension and understanding is limited . But it is not so to God who is understanding it selfe , wisdome it selfe , to whom millions sing Psalmes at once , and thousand millions pray to him at once over all the world . Thirdly , he doth pray for and with them , that they may doe as hee exhorted them For first there is the joynt confession of all their unworthinesse , and Prayer to GOD that they may live better in after times . Confession without a purpose to amend does no good : therefore are both united in our good confession . Then doth he ( for their encouragement ) declare and pronounce the absolution and forgivenesse of sinnes to true penitent beleevers according to the Gospel ; and applying it to the people prayes , that upon their repentance , their sinnes being done away , they may doe worthily that service which now they are about . A●d then to supply all defects in all , all pray with one heart , as one man , the Lords Prayer , which is the King of Prayers : and so rise with short and earnest prayers , that they may praise God , and that God would help them ; and with a profession of their faith in the Trinitie , and desire that all glory may bee given unto that blessed three in one . Thus , I am sure , if wee have pious and humble soules , may we be prepared , for the publike worship of God , publikely . Now for the service and worship it selfe , in this good Booke it hath three degrees , the Beginning , Middle , and End of it . In the beginning of it there is reading of Psalmes ▪ principally to raise up our affections , and of other Scriptures both of the Old and New Testament , to confirme our judgements in the truth , and to helpe us to search whether things heard are so or no. There is confession of our faith , that wee may professe it as a briefe rule from Scriptures , to try whether we stand in the faith , whereto we may referre the truths of faith in the Scriptures . And we have Prayers wherein wee are not long at once , or with a breath ; but have distinct and divided salutations , praises and Petitions , for our selves : chiefe members , and the Church , that we may the better hold out unto the end without distractions . All this ( I am sure ) none , if they understand , can justly blame . Onely there is one thing ( worth notice ) which doth hardly relish to some fewe , and can by no meanes be indured by the Brownists , and that is the Litany . This stickes most , because they are more carefull to make objections against it , then answers for it , that they may have comfort and peace with us . Therefore ( with Christs helpe ) I shall indeavour two things ; to shew the reason of the name , and how they may satisfie themselves against such scruples as may arise . It is called a Litany , which is an humble prayer , whose use is most for adversity . It comes of a word that signifies to supplicate , from whence comes suppliant prayers . The ancient Churches were full of them , as I could shew , which usually beganne with Lord have mercy upon us , Christ have mercy upon us ; and why should ours be empty , seeing wee would be accounted as good Christians as they ? There are divers exceptions against ours , therefore let us see next , how they may satisfie themselvs against them . There is no Church that I know , but must have a favourable construction of some things , and so must ou●s ▪ yet in this I see not , but that all excepters may be fully satisfied . The exceptions that I have yet met with , are against the manner of this prayer , and against the matter of it . Against the manner ( they say ) that it is with repetitions of the people , and interlocutary passages . As for that , I finde that in the scriptures God hath commanded publicke prayers , that is , that Presbyter and people should pray : but he hath not commanded any forme , or manner , to carry their prayers in , but onely that it bee done to edification . Therfore he hath left that free to the wisdome and judgement of the governours . And this we have often experience of , that if a continued prayer be but halfe so long , some will bee nodding before it bee done ; whereas if they be kept busie , by the matter in hand , they are more vigilant . But ( say they ) he hath given us the Lords prayer all in one length , and set Amen in the latter end . This is true : yet marke , he said to his disciples , when yee pray , say , Our Father , and Amen too : and hee hath not told them in what manner they should say it when they pray together : whether one should say the Petitions , and the rest , Amen , or whether all should say the Petitions , and Amen too : In this he hath left them to edif●cation , and us also . But ( it is said ) that some parts of the Litany are so said , that the reader shewes onely what they must pray for , and the people make the suite , as when they say from such , and such a thing , good Lord deliver us : and this seemes to bee absurd . That the people should make it without the minister is not injoyned : that the minister doth not intend and make the suite , is false , except hee bee carelesse , and wicked . As the people say Amen aloude ; and the minister saith it too , though happly not so loude : so the minister intends , and saith , Good Lord deliver us , though the people in turnes , exceede in voice . Against the matter of this prayer , many things are objected , few things weighed , and nothing proved , but evident quarrels . There are exceptions against words and phrases ; and against suites conveyed in them . The wordes and phrases are , by thy crosse , and passion , by thy pretious death , &c. Which some of them , out of the le●ity of minde , call conjuring ; some , out of worse , cal swearing , as if none could out sweare the Litany . Let them take heede how they blaspheme the piety of Gods servants . It was none of Elies goodnesse , when hee reproached the prayers of Hannah ; as if shee were drunke when shee made them . Let them apply this to themselves . It will not be denied but that Christ brought us a great benefit by all these . For what hee did as a publicke person , hee did for us and our salvation , in one degree or other . Now , what is this , but a praying that all these acts , and passions of Christ , in their vertue and merit bee applyed to us by Gods love , that wee may finde the profit of them ? But now the suites that wee convey in the words of that good Prayer are troublesome to them , both when we sue for things , and Persons , As for things , wee pray against two things which they doe not like , against sudden death , and against the sinnes of our forefathers . As for the first , there is a double sudden death : sudden in time , and sudden for want of preparation . God hath said , that hee will come before that wee are aware , like a thiefe in the night . His will bee done : wee pray not against that . But wee pray that his comming may not be so sudden , but that through wisdome given , we may set our houses in order , and bee as the wise virgines having our lampes and oyle in a readinesse : and from such sudden death good Lord deliver us . As for the sinnes of our forefathers ( which being dead are now out of the state of forgivenesse ) wee pray not that their sinnes bee forgiven them , but that they bee not remembred to be punished in us . God punisheth to the third and fourth generation : and the Psalmist saith , Let the iniquitie of his fathers be remembred before the Lord , and let not the sinne of his mother be blotted out , that their posterity bee cut off , and in the generations following their names bee blotted out . And because these comminations have conditions of Repentance annexed to them , doe not wee well to repent , and cry to God , remember not the iniquity of forefathers , for feare of those sinnes that have gone before us . But yet they like not the Persons that we pray for , when wee say , that God would have mercy upon all men . For Christ saith , he prayed not for the world : but our Church cares not whom they pray for . Indeed , because wee finde that wee have a Precept , pray for all men , and an holy practise , Let the People praise thee O God , let all the People praise thee , therefore wee doe as wee are bound in praying for all men . Yet doe not wee pray for the world , but against it that we may follow Christ . Christ prayed for the Jewes and Gentiles that persecuted him to death , father forgive them , for they know not what they doe : yet he prayes not for the world that lies in wickednesse , but that it come out , and serve God : so wee pray once more against their wickednesse , but wee pray for their Persons . As farre as our charity tends , so farre our Prayers extend ; and I am sure wee must doe good to all . But if God shall reveale any speciall Persons that have sinned unto death , wee will not pray for them . In the meane time , give us leave ( if you have so much charity ) to pray that there may bee none such . Yea , but ( say they ) wee pray in that Litany , for all that travaile by land , or by water , and so for thieves , and pyrats too , yea , and I know not for what , Devills in mens braines , who compasse the earth too and fro . Where is their charity ? The pious Church provideth a Prayer for Men and not for Devils , who are out of hope , and out of all Communion with her : and for all men that are within a saveable condition in that word , Our Father . So shee prayes for theeves and pyrats to make them better , or else against them , to maintaine Gods just providence in their future punishments . If these bee all their exceptions against our good Litany , as they are all I have heard , I hope they will give me leave to use it as I doe , and use it with me in peace . The second degree of our Church worship is the middle of it , when wee reade the commandements of our great God with Prayer , when we read the Epistles and Gospels , more fully to strengthen our faith , and pray for the whole Church . In the first , they doe except that we kneele when the commandements are reade , as if it were a Prayer . Noe : wee doe it not to make it a Prayer : it is none . But yet wee doe it , partly to testifie our subjection to the God that gave it , as the People on mount Sinai fell downe at the publication of it , and as wee kneele before the King : and partly , because it is joyned with that submissive Prayer , Lord have mercy upon us , and incline our hearts to keepe this law . Next come the Epistles ( as indeede the whole word is an Epistle written to our soules ) : wherein wee have sometimes prayers , but mostly fit rules of holinesse of life : and after the Gospels , that wee may know the benefits of which we must live worthy . These strengthen our faith in all the articles , and further our thankfulnesse for all Gods mercies by Christ and his Apostles . I know nothing worth notice that is heere excepted against . If they call them shreads of scripture , yet they are scriptures , and fit texts applyed to every season . And if Christ would not onely preach truths , but fit truths for the people : and if they themselves ( I hope ) will choose fit texts for feasts , and fasts , times of solemnity , and times of mourning , I hope also that the Church cannot bee denyed this liberty . If they say , they are applyed to divers holidayes which are not of Christs appointment . Yet are they not without Christs leave and permission . If Christ have permitted them ( though God saith , six daies thou shalt labour ) yet to use their liberty according to discretion , upon any of the six to refresh themselves , or spend in holy exercises ; is he an harder master , yea husband unto his Church ? Surely , as occasion is offered , they may choose any fit dayes either to feast , or to fast . But alasse ( say they ) all this , in that common-prayer booke is but an English masse , taken out of the masse-booke of Rome . Belike then wee had it out of the Temple of God , where that man of sinne sitteth , well : bee it so . A thiefe hath got a true mans purse , may not Justice deliver it to him againe , and leave the thiefe to his Judge and punishment ? Such is our case . The Pope could not have hid himselfe so long , but under the banner of Christ , and the service of God with the Saints . Therefore hee gets the Leitourgy , or common-prayer booke of the blessed Fathers , and adds to it of his owne rubbish , as Masses for quicke and dead , Dirges , Requiems , Praying to Saints and ANGELS , blessing of Bells and Candles , to give power to drive away Devils . When this was espyed , by the breaking out of the beames of the glorious Gospel , the blessed Martyres challenge their owne , and leave the wicked trash to the founder . And is not this Justice ? If these men had gold and silver mingled with durt , and poyson , would they cry out , all durt , all poyson , and worke for more ? No : they would wash , cleanse , purifie , and keepe the gold and silver for their uses . So have we done , and noe more . Wee have taken off the spots , and keepe the garments , We have washed away the filth , from the gold of the first great Saints and Martyres . If this bee a fault , wee rejoyce in it , and commend to others , as Doctour Rowland Taylour when hee was going to be burned , next unto the Bible , the Service-booke , to bring up our children in the feare of God. And so I passe that . The last degree is the end of our common-prayer worship , which is the administration of Sacraments . The wit of Men and Angels cannot devise a better way of GODS worship in them . Such grave exhortations , effectuall Prayers , propounding of warrants , laying downe of promises , confident expectations of their making good by Christ , to Children , Parents , and all penitent and believing Christians , are there upon record , that a modest man would wonder how any exceptions could be found out . Yet three things are there that much trouble them , and us by them . 1 Kneeling at the Communion . 2 Crosse in Baptisme , and 3 The responses , or answeres in Baptisme . As for kneeling , I shall indeavour ( with Gods helpe ) to doe two things : shew that they may lawfully worship God in the use to this Sacrament , kneeling ; and take away their maine rubs in the way . That which is for Christ they may lawfully doe : but kneeling at the Sacrament is for Christ : for what is not against him , is for him . If it bee against him , let them shew where hee hath forbidden it . If they cannot , they may lawfully kneele . Againe , that which is neither commanded nor forbidden by God , they may lawfully doe ( for the Apostle saith of such things , all things are lawfull ) yea they must necessarily doe it now , not out of conscience to the gesture , but out of conscience to the command of our Christian King and Church : But kneeling at the Communion is neither commanded nor forbidden by God , but commanded by the King and Church : therefore they may , they must kneele . Againe , if they kneele not , but sit , as an act of Religion , they make it essentiall to the supper , and the Apostle Paul an unfaithfull servant to so good a Master . For hee saith that what he received of the Lord he delivered unto them : but he doth not speake one word of the gesture . Therefore sitting is no act of Religion , the gesture is left to the Church , they may kneele , or Paul is unfaithfull . Lastly , if they kneele not , they bring juster censures upon themselves then they can give to us that kneele , which they are bound to avoid . As they be justly charged first to worship God by the will of man , and so in vaine ▪ For to place a worship of God in sitting or standing rather then in kneeling , is a worship of God by the will of man , because they have no such warrant from God. Secondly , they be justly charged to adde to , or take from the Word , and so to corrupt it : For all impositions upon the conscience , which God hath not warranted are such additions . But such are these new traditions , as kneele not , but stand or sit , touch not , taste not , which things perish with the using . Thirdly , they are justly charged to have communion with the worst hereticks . For Arrians doe directly deny the Divinity of Christ , and to professe themselves to doe it , they will not kneele at the Communion of the blessed Body and Bloud of Christ , but sit . These charges they lay upon us , but more justly they lye upon themselves : because we make not kneeling an act of worship from men , or an addition to the Word , but onely an act of good order , to witnesse our reverence to God , who is pl●ased to give us such a pledge of his love . How they will answer these things to God , I know not . They either cannot , or will not answer them to me , onely they put in their plea against kneeling in the act of receiving , which I shall now labour to remove . They mainly urge the example of Christ , that he and his Disciples sat at the supper . But all the world is not able to prove that they sat at the delivering and receiving of the Bread and Cup. Hee sate down indeed with them , but then hee tooke , he blessed , hee brake , he gave : what gesture hee used in blessing they cannot tell . Certainely if according to Scripture examples , hee either kneeled or stood : then whether after his blessing they sate downe againe , let them tell me . Never let them dreame that hee sate as a shadow of rest in heaven : for let them shew that Christs pleasure was to ordaine shadowes in the New Testament when the body was come , and Canaan , that old shadow was to be cursed ; or if hee did , I le tell them that Paul was an unfaithfull servant , that would not teach that shadow to the Corinthians , to whom he professeth to deliver what he received . But grant that Christ did sit ; what hee occasionally did , is no example to binde us to doe the like : but as by occasion hee administred at night , after supper , with unlevined bread ; so hee might occasionally sit according to the ceremony of the Jewish Church at the Passeover . Besides if they would sit because Christ sate , they must sit as hee did , or else they doe not imitate Christ : but Christ might sit a sacrifice way , or lying along , and leaning , which they doe not observe . But put case they sit not in every point like Christ , yet they tell us of the fitnesse of this gesture , to signifie our fellowship with Christ on earth and in heaven . Th● they will ordaine a significant ceremony against us , but not for us . And in truth , they dreame so much of fellowship with Christ , that they forget him to be their Soveraigne King and Lord , and so are too sawcie with him . But for the Table gesture , will they have all other formalities , at a Table , fit for the Table of the Lord ? I● not , why must this alone be fit , when Christ hath no said so ? Besides , if Table gesture be urged , Christs example doth not binde . For his was not a common Table gesture , but onely used at sacrifices and sacred Feasts , when they did discumbe or lye along . Had Christ told us that this was the fittest gesture we should have rested in his pleasure : but he having left it at liberty , and even common understanding judging of it fittest to receive a seale of a pardon upon the knee , as the greatest signe of thankfulnesse used for such a favour why wee should not take it up , wee cannot yet see . Yea but ( say they ) we doe not only looke to the fitnesse of sitting , but to the beginning of kneeling : It was begun by a wicked Pope in honour of the breaden God : and therefore not to be continued by us . Put case this plea were true , yet that which was misapplied to the honour of a creature , may ( I hope ) be rightly applied to the honour of our God ; for else no man may sit : because the accursed Arrians have brought in this sitting at the Sacrament to dishonour Christ : And the Pope seconds them , who sits then in state to advance himselfe above all Gods people , both Kings and beggars . But the truth is , that no Pope brought in kneeling in the act of receiving . It was brought in by him indeed at the Elevation , and when the Sacrament was carried in procession , but not as we doe use it . They have no Law ( that I could ever yet read of ) save onely for the Pope himselfe to receive it sitting , but onely the Law of Custome and Convenience to receive it kneeling . Put case all this bee true ; yet ( say they ) the use of kneeling stickes with them They doe not know why they should kneele now , seeing kneeling is a part of GODS worship , or a signe of it . It is no part of Gods worship , or signe of it in it selfe : for then wee might not use it in civill , or ordinary things . Indeede wee are exhorted to it ) which shewes the lawfulnesse of it , as wee are , to praise GOD in the dance , and to clap our hands : but there is no Precept which bindes it to GOD alone . The Servants of GOD have sometimes stood , and sometimes sate reverendly before the LORD , and sometimes laine along , that GOD might have his worship in all gestures left free to the users . But why should they speake of worship heere , when wee neither require kneeling , to worship the consecrated Bread by , no nor him that doth administer the Sacrament , but to testifye our humble thankefulnesse to GOD for our pardon sealed . There remaines now nothing of worth under this head , but their readie obedience , when GOD shall humble their mindes , and quiet their hearts , that they may live in peace , and worship with us . The second and third things that trouble them , are in our Baptisme : and are the Crosse in Baptisme , and the Respon●es , or Answeres of the Godfathers and Godmothers in the childes name . As for the Crosse , I wondred alwayes that private persons should once name it , seeing it concernes the consciences of us that administer , not of infants that receive it , who by it are made neither better , nor worse . They are but seers , and sufferers in it , not doers of it . If therefore wee can satisfie our selves in the doing of it , that wee may preach IESUS CHRIST unto them in the Churches peace , they have cause to thanke us , and to thanke GOD for pacifying our consciences for their good , and not cry out against us , and runne away from us . O but they cannot abide to see that idolatrous and abominable Crosse to passe over poore Childrens faces , without either reason , or religion . There is reason for it ; because it depends upon the commands of superiours , and reason wills that they bee obeyed in lawfull and possible things . There is Religion for it ; because it is but a ceremony testifying our communion with the primitive CHVRCH which gloryed in , and was persecuted for the Crosse of CHRIST : and good Religion hath never beene against such things . As to testifie Communion with believing Iewes , even the Gentiles abstained from stranguled and bloud : so to testifie our Communion with the believing Gentiles of old , wee retayne that signe still , which they used in the face of their Persecutours , to signifie that they were ready to confesse that LORD who dyed for them on the Crosse . What though the Church of ROME did afterwards fearefully abuse it , yet it is ( certainely ) to us neither abominable , not idolatrous . Wee use it not as a signe from GOD to men , as the Sacraments are : nor as a signe from Men to GOD , as bowing in Prayer● is : but as a signe from Men to Men , as that old kisse of love . For as that did signifie Christian concord and agreement : so this , our hope if the Childe lives , that it will fight under the banner of CHRIST ; therefore if the Childe bee ready to dye , this signe ( by good order ) is omitted ? The Church of ROME useth it , both for Consecration , Benediction , and Operation effective of I know not what feates : but wee use it to none of these purposes . If it bee sayd that the Child by that badge is dedicated to GODS service in our use of it , as the CANON runnes : yet the sence must not bee contrary to the commanded use . Therefore as wee are sayd to wed with a ring , which is nothing but a declaring of a marriage knot , by giving and receiving of a ring , and by joyning of hands : and as the Priest was said to cleanse the leaper by the appointed meanes , when hee did onely declare and pronounce him to bee cleane : so the Crosse is no dedicating signe , for that is done in Baptisme , which receives it into the Congregation of CHRISTS flocke , but onely declares , to the hope of the CHURCH , that it shall so live to CHRIST . I see not but this may satisfie the soule of any good Christian ( knowing what I said before of ceremonies ) concerning the use of the Crosse in our good Church . As for the Godfathers and Godmothers answering in the name of the childe , though it seeme unreasonable to them , yet is there excellent reasons for it . They know there were questions and answeres in Philips baptizing of the Eunuch , which hath ever beene continued in the Church because of the covenant in Baptisme . And though infants cannot answer , yet are there three reasons why their sureties should . The first is ecclesiasticall , the second civill , and the third divine . The Church reason is , because it might put the whole congregation in minde of what was done by them : when they were baptized , they entered covenant with God. As the Prophet spake to the dead altar to admonish living Ieroboam , O Altar , Altar , heare the word of the Lord : so doe wee to infants to admonish all that heare ●t . The Civill reason is , because by the 〈◊〉 of Guardianship , the Guardian answeres for the Pupil under their charge ; and by this , takes upon him an obligation of dut● his power , and promise of faithfulnesse ▪ as hee can : and what he doth , stands in law as his pupils act . Now , because our sureties in Baptisme are such , therefore they answere for children , and what they doe professe to doe , is accounted the infants act , to which hee is bound , as wee see in the civill covenant betwixt David and Ionathan , and their seedes for ever . The Divine reason is , because in the very substance of Baptisme , which is a signe and seale of the covenant of grace , there is an interrogation on GODS part for repentance , and beliefe of the GOSPEL , and on our parts a repromission or answere of a good conscience , which is opened and expounded by these questions and answeres . If notwithstanding these reasons they seeme yet to bee unreasonable ; it is enough they know them , and they must stand , till they can from sound grounds overthrow them from the word of Christ . Thus ( by GODS blessing ) I have finished the three grounds upon which our forsakers leave us : and ( I hope ) I shall satisfie them in this , that wee have a true CHURCH , a true MINISTERY , a true WORSHIP , and that they ( for any thing I know ) have no just cause to say otherwise . If yet they persevere and multiply scandal , and schisme , they must once againe remember the blessed wordes wee beganne with , Not forsaking the assembling of our selves together , as the manner of some is , but exhorting one another : and so much the more as yee see the day approaching . SECT . 17. The use to bee made of the constancy of some , and forsakings of o●her : consideration , exhortation , because the day is approaching . IT is the course of too many to cleave to the assemblies , but they are never the better . They onely stand to outward profession , but grow not in grace and the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Iesus Christ . Hence is it , that if never so many of them stand , they cannot incourage them : nor if never so many fall away , they cannot wisely consider them , and exhort unto faithfulnesse . Therefore the Apostle would have us such knowing , and wise Christians , by the helpe of publicke assemblies , that wee may wisely consider one another , and weightily exhort one another , that wee may keepe one another in sound knowledge and pious practise . There are three things which wee shoud consider in our selves ; our aptnesse to fall , the difficulty of our standing , and our love to that way which is most dangerous . Though God set us not justly in slipperie places , yet are apt to slide away continually . Wee carry about with us the foolish and unwise flesh , which makes us unwarie , and so we are soone caught in a deceitfull net . There are questing snares of gaine , and questioning snares or frivolous and idle things which end in noyse and tumult without profit : and thus wee are apt to fall . We as hardly keepe our standings , we are children , and doe not play the men . We are a mixture of weakenesse , and must have Gods good spirit lead us , or downe wee goe . Satan is principality and power , by whom the winde rises , and the rayne falls , and the flouds come , and then our house , if it bee not strongly founded goes to wrack . That little strength wee have is apt to false us , by faith wee stand , and still there is something lacking to our faith . And thus it comes that wee hardly keepe our feete steady . Wee are also too much in love with that way that hath most danger in it . The spirit is willing , but the flesh is weake , and is ready to eate poyson for wholesome foode ; sometimes out of custome , sometimes out of curiositie , and sometimes out of an ill appetite wee have got to unwholesome things . But if wee doe wisely consider these things in one another , wee will bee full of compassion . And as they that consider not are full of fierce and fiery censure , as Iudah to Tamar , bring her forth and let her be burnt , not considering his owne guilt : so they that doe it , are led by the contrary spirit . As when wee consider a man aloft , who totters , is apt to fall , and unable to keepe his feete in a setled posture , our bowels yearne , our flesh drops feare , and wee are out of our selves with sudden apprehension : so is it with a man that considers his brother ; hee puts him on by fellow feeling . Yea then wee will prudently deale one with another to keep up . As wee see dispositions , gifts , vertues or faults , wee wisely fore-thinke , how to maintaine the best , and prevent the worst . Besides , this considering brings us to Pauls rule , If a brother fall by infirmity , ( not by pride and selfe conceit ) restore him with the spirit of meekenesse ; with a tender heart and hand , set him in joynt againe . For want of this consideration too many Christians are ready to faile . The frailety of the flesh , the opposition of grace is little considered , and so there is neither wisedome , compassion , or meeknesse to heale . Men difference not stubborne faylers , for whom there is a rod of iron ; and weake failers , for whom there is a Spirit of meekenesse . Men discerne not sinners of custome , who are as blacke-moores and sinners overtaken , who with stripes must not bee driven quite away , and so doe more hurt than good . But bee more wise to consider hereafter than before . This moved Paul to say , Hee that stands , let him take heed lest hee fall . This moved Iohn to say , little children , keepe your selves from Idols . Yea this mooved CHRIST to say , When thou art converted , strengthen thy brethren . Out of such consideration , I have laboured to give this revalsion and Antidote . And if our forsakers had had it too , it might have saved mee a labour , and they might with it have had more wisdome , meeknesse , and compassion , and lesse heart-dividing censures . The Apostle would have us also make such use of publike assemblies that wee may exhort one another . Hee knowes that it is a great worke to continue in love to God , his truth , and Saints , and in good workes . Pride is one of the last sinnes that dye . It is like a man of a strong heart which hardly yeelds ; his heart is more in compasse than another mans . It will worke it selfe out of lesse sinne and more grace : and where pride is , there is contention : and so lesse truth and love . Againe , superfluity of maliciousnesse drownes the whole nature of man. Even when the head floates with Christ , the heart is too much drencht in this . It is crossed , and will crosse againe , like the devils cocke , to spurre all opposites : and hence also comes losse of truth and love . Againe , the spirit of a man lusteth after envy . This makes the eye evill because God is good . It desires to bee in the uppermost forme , like the two sonnes of Zebedeus . Therefore Ioseph , the reformed Prodigall , and the last workers in the Vineyard are grumbled at : and hence also is lesse truth and love . Lastly , truth and love enter at a narrow passage , and Christ comes not with all his mighty power at first . As the Sea is not sifted thorow the narrow crevises of the earth at once : so is it with truth and love . And as a Conquerour , that leaves most of his Armie behinde him , subdues not presently : so it is with Christ and us . Wee are not able to receive his truth and love together , neither stands it with his dispensation , wee being not extraordinary , but ordinary servants , who must attaine by industry . Hence therefore men dreaming that they have attained , when there is much behind , doe ill use what truth and love they have , and so faile foulely . Neither is it lesse difficult to continue in good workes . The fountaine is apt to be dry , that is , a good heart . If out of the belly doe not flow rivers of waters of life , no waters will runne to the living . How soon is this streame dryed up , because men live not with Christ the spring-head ? Besides , men are not altogether for gathering this worlds goods to spend it upon their lusts . They forget that there is a time to scatter , and then they cast not their bread upon the waters , they beleeve not that they shall finde it so . Lastly , men have three bad thoughts that keepe them from good workes . They thinke that no man is more worthy to have then themselves . Some are wicked and not worthy : some are good , yet themselves are better : some are idle and will live upon the spoile : and some are painefull , and therefore the better able to provide for themselves : still selfe is thought to be the onely man to have . They thinke themselves againe the absolute owners of what they have . It is their owne , as Nabal said , why should they give it to others ? This they willingly thinke not , that they are stewards , and so are kept backe . Lastly , they thinke this worlds goods the onely commanders of men and things : and therefore they will not put themselves out of them that they may rule all . Now , because it is so difficult a work , not only to continue in good works , but in truth and love which must make them excellent : therefore the Apostle would have us so improve our selves by the fellowship of publike assemblies that we may be able to exhort one another . Such is the inconstancie of nature in all good courses , that it is easily apt to change from good to worse . Moses was but a while gone , and Israel fell to idolatry . Paul wondred that the Galathians were so soone turned to another Gospel . Yea such is our slownesse in good , that we had need be spurred continually . Ephesus forsakes her first love : Yea and when Christs hearers heard , they must be exhorted to heare : and when the Thessalonians did edifie one another they must bee exhorted to doe it . Men are in a dead sleepe , and they are loth to be awaked as the sluggard : they thinke themselves able to exhort themselves , they love not many masters , they see not how frozen they are , till their owne hearts smite them , as Davids , till God raise up some adversary to reproach them , or till God take them in hand himselfe by some heavie visitation . Therefore saith Paul , exhort one another . Oh that wee could alwayes walk in the presence of this duty , and suffer the words of exhortation too . The wicked will call one upon another to goe to hell , why should not we to get one another towards heaven . But how our forsakers will answer it to God I know not , who cast themselves out of our assemblies in folly , before they are cast out in justice , and forgoe this whetstone of exhortation , for a blunt sticke of their owne devising . This I am sure , they might be exhorted with us , and learne to exhort others better from us then they doe , to leade poore soules into the wayes of discord , distraction , and strife . I have but one thing to thinke upon this text more , and that is Pauls motive and inforcement ( so much the more because ye see the day approaching ) men complaine much of dayes , and times ▪ but I am sure , the worse they are the more had they neede to keepe the communion of Saints both publicke , and private . Evill dayes will come fast enough , no man had neede to pull them upon himselfe . If hee doe , there is ( the day ) comming which will pay to the purpose ( without a pardon ) for all his sinnes and indiscretions . All other dayes are our dayes , in which wee eate , drinke , marrie , give in marriage , work , play , pray , and heare , and the like : but this is the day , with GODS marke upon it , when all shall bee awaked and gathered before their JUDGE . The thought of this day should sharpen us to love assemblies , and call others to them , because they are the ordinances of CHRIST the JUDGE ▪ On this day there will bee fulnesse of feares and terrours . Fearefull sights of an universall fire , throne , and JUDGE : fearefull yellings and cryings of desperate men : fearefull accusations from heaven , earth , and consciences ; and the fearefullest sentence that ever yet passed , Goe yee cursed . Therefore had wee neede all our lives to get something to comfort us against that time , for it is an evill time to the wicked . On that day will there bee an expectation of comfort , or discomfort , for ever , and ever , upon all that wee have done , either in our assemblies , or out of them . On that day wee shall heare such accounts as wee have never heard , as how wee have willfully sinned in every secret . In the secret of our understanding , will , affections , judgements , consciences , corners , woods , and denns ? How many assemblies wee have neglected ? How many wee have prophaned , in being no better ? How many in our power wee have not exhorted ? How many have exhorted us , and wee have not answered and followed ? On that day shall I bee judged if I have taught you to acknowledge our CHURCH a true CHURCH , our MINISTERY a true MINISTERY , and our WORSHIP a true WORSHIP , against my judgement and conscience according to the rule of CHRIST so farre as I am come , yea , and I shall bee cast also . And on that day , shall our forsakers escape scotfree ? shall they not passe a strickt triall and examination ? Have yee had a care to keepe a Christian state to CHRISTS honour ? Have yee loved publicke assemblies to that end and use ? Have yee not forsaken the assemblies of CHRISTS people for no just cause ? Is not that a true church which professeth the name of Christ according to his word , whereto it submits as the rule of the religion it hath ? Is not that a true Church which enters covenant with mee , as all the Christians in the World by entring into my schoole by Baptisme ? Is not that a true Church which acknowledgeth mee onely head for supreame rule , and under mee my liefetenants and chiefe officers , to governe according to my lawes general , and speciall ? Is not that a true Church which rejoyceth in good members , yet dare not forbid wicked hypocrites from the outward priviledges of my feast , because I have commanded her that good and bad should bee called ? Is not that a true Church which hath the power of governement in best and wisest , when I never commanded that whole assemblies should ever have an independent power to doe according to voyces , which cannot but bee the authour of schisme ? Is not that a true Church which doth exercise governement according to my patternes and rules , ins●rting things in order , ordaining teachers , and casting out unworthy beasts , as information , and conviction could bee justly had ? Have you forsaken such a Church , to set up a Church of your owne devising , which hath never beene from my time downeward ; to ordaine Pastours and Doctours that are not able to divide the word of God aright ; to cast out , or keepe in according to the voyces of two , or three men or women , which may out of selfe-conceit , and pretence of my word , presume to bee a Church contrary to my will ? What Ministery have you forsaken ? A ministery that hath beene honoured by the bloud of blessed martyrs : that are no wooden Priests , but whose breath hath blowne away Romish tyranny , idolatrie , superstitions , and falsities , which dishonoured mee and my offices ; a ministery that hath gained soules from heathenisme , and prophanenesse in their turnes , and moved ( by my blessing ) effectually to serve the living and true God , even to thousands , and millions ? What worship have you forsaken ? a worship of praying and receiving of Sacraments with my word , with petitions , supplications , intercessions , and giving of thankes to my father in my name ? Have yee forsaken such a worship , and all because every one that goe before in worship have not their tongues at liberty to say what they list , but are helped by the publicke spirit of my Church , so as they may with one heart and mouth at one time , when I have no where commanded the contrary ? Oh let this Terrour of the Lord perswade men . A thousand yeares with Christ are but as one day ; for the Iudge standeth at the doore : and when hee doth come , thinke what praise and honour ye shall get by disturbing a Church where is a true Ministery , and worship , by disheartning of Gods tender people from his service , under pretence of his word , when for none of your fancies you can produce one precept of Christ . The most you pretend are obscure places ( which by the diligentest searchers of scriptures have beene and are diversly expounded , and therefore no sure footing ) or some obscure examples without lawes ; which yet , if they were never so pregnant , prove but the lawfulnesse , not the necessitie of such practises . And will you hazard the peace of a Christian Church , the comfort of your consciences , the liberty of your goods , and bodies , upon so sandy a foundation . Oh thinke upon that day , and take wiser mens advice then your selves that have not beene carried with rashnesse , puffed with pride , in love with a conceit of selfe-government , or pricked with envies , emulations , jealousies , just punishments , and see whether such men will warrant your courses upon the price of their soules in that day . And if all candor bee not banished , if hatred to an English Priest , a Bishops creature ( as some body is termed ) have not put out the eies of wisedome and charity , doe but reade what heere in all humble love , and without bitternesse of language is presented unto you . Read it as in the sight and presence of God. See that my hearts desire is that you may have comfort with us , and that heereafter you may bee saved without needing repentance for this your unwise and unwarranted way . If it doe not ( except you outface light ) satisfie you ; in the maine it will burne like stubble , chaffe , and straw , in the day of Christ . But if it doe , and yet ( out of a thought of what a brave thing it is to cast downe the governement of others , that you may governe your selves , and then call it Christs ) and yet ( I say ) will not follow it , then That day approacheth , and I send you over to him , to doe with you according to his pleasure , yet with hearty and humble prayers for the saving of your misse-led Soules . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A19569-e1570 Mat. 6.21 Psal . 103.4 Heb. 10.19 20. Col. 2.9 . Heb. 10.21 Act. 20.28 Ioh. 14. Col. 3.11 . Heb. 10.22 Heb. 10.23 Apoc. 3.11 Eph. 6. ● Pet. 1.5 Heb. 10.24 Rom. 8. Iud. 5.15 Iam. 2.5 . 2 Pet. 1.1 1 Tim. 2.4 Tit. 1.4 . Iude 3. Ps . 122.1 . Psal . 42.4 Ps . 84.10 Ioel 2.28 Act. 2.17 Es . 2.3 . Mic. 4. Eph. 5 . 2● . 2 Pet. 5 5 1 Pet. 2.13 1 Pet. 5.5 Es . 49.23 Mat. 18.10 Zach. 8.22.23 . Ex. 26 1 1 Kin. 6.29 1 Cor. 11.10 1 Pet. 1.23 Phil. 2.13 Lam. 2.19 Rom. 4.11 Acts 7. Apoc. 1.13 Es . 59.21 2 Cor. 3.8 9. Psal . 23 ▪ 6 Psal . 57.7 Eph. 1.3 Luk. 10.18 Iosh . 6. Es 59.21 Ioh. 16.13 Eph 4 13 Gal. 2. Gal. 2.14 Pro. 8.34 Psal 80.2 Psal . 42.2 Ezech. 13 22 ▪ Ier , 23 , 14. Object . Sol. Iam. 1.21 Act. 10.33 Psal . 5.7 Es . 2 , 3. Ps . 119 , 34. Luke 18 , Psal . 25 9. Luke 1 , Iam , 1. Luke 1 , Psal ▪ 86 , 4. Zach. 8 ▪ 21 Es . 42.8 Ps . 110.3 Zach. 5.7 Ezech. 2.3 5. Ezech. 3.14 . Ps . 29.1 , 2 Luk. 10 ▪ 16 August . Ego te non deputabo inter Christianos , nisi in ecclesia te videro . Ps . 35.18 Psal . 87.2 Apoc. 3.2 . Ioel. 2 , 15 16. Matth. 5 2 Chto . 6 13 , 2 King 11 ▪ 14. Hos . 4.15 Ex. 23.2 1 Cor , 10 8. Num. 25 9. Psal . 84 Pro 8.17 Act , 10.33 Ioh. 5 Psal . 110.3 Pro. 8.33 Ezech. 4 10. Act. 13.43 Luk. 1.21 Numb . 6.24 , 25 , 26 ▪ Es . 52.11 . ● Cor. 6.17 Novatus rerum novarum sēper cupidus , arrogantiâ inflatus , episcopis male cognitus , &c. C●ipri . In cōmunione sacramentorum mali maculant bonos . Quid Imperatori cū ecclesia ? Sacramēta sancta & efficacia quando per sanctos homines . Circumcelliones . Lucifer stomachabundus discessit ab Eusebio : et qui se illi conjunxerūt ab ecclesia ipsi se segregarunt Vituperabant episcopos , divites , ipsos appelantes . Quòd in ecclesia ferrentur faeneratores & impuri . Anthropomorphi●ae . Matth. 13 ▪ Gal. 6. 1 Cor. 13. The issue of this discourse . Matth. ●6 . Object . Sol. Object . Sol. Act. 2. Act. 10. Matth. 16 Object . Sol. Object . Sol. 2 Pet 1.19 1 Cor. 2.5 Levit. 20.24 . 1 Kin. 8.53 Numb . 14 2● . 35 . Deut ▪ 9.6 , 7 , 8. Act 19.9 . Act. 26.22 23. 2 Cor. 6.17 ver . 14 , 15 ▪ 16 Tit. 1 , 15 , 16. 1 Cor. 1 ▪ 2 4.9 , 30 ▪ 1 Cor , 3.23 1 Cor. 4 , 15 1 Cor. 9.2 1 Cor. 11.2 2 Cor. 7.11 12 , 13. 1 Cor. 5.1 Eph. 5 . 1● 2 Cor. 6 ▪ 14 , 15 , 16. Act. 8.13.37 , 38. 1 Cor. 3.3 1 Cor. 6. 1 Cor. 8. 1 Cor. 10. 1 Cor. 11. & 15. 1 Cor. 5. 1 Cor. 1.2 Heb. 10.29 Object . Sol. Eph ▪ 1.23 . Ioh. 15.2 1 Cor. 12 12 ▪ 1 Cor. 1.30 Act. 7.51 Eph. 4 30 1 Thes ▪ 5.19 . Heb. 10 , 29 Psal . 147. Object . Sol. Gal. 3.17 Rom. 6. Psal . 78.10 37. Luk. 1.17 Ioh. 14. 1 Cor. 1.30 What Browne meane by a true church . Act. 7.38 Object . Sol. Luk. 3.2 . Heb , 7. 1 Sam. 15. 1 Tim. 3.15 Tit. 1.5 1 Sam. 2.29.12 . Ex. 32.11 . Ex. 22.16 Es . 1.2 , 3 Es . 1.10 ▪ 23 Es . 3.12.16 Es . 5.8 Es . 24 ● Es . 1.21 22 29. 1 Cor. 1.2 2 Cor. 12 20.21 . Apoc. 2 & 3. Object . Sol. Ex. 18.19 Deut. 31.9 28. Act , 14.23 Act. 2● ▪ 17 Act. 21.18 23. Ob●ect . Sol. Act. ●5 . ●● 23. Sub conscientia plebis . Matth. 18 19 , 20. Mat. 16.19 Io● . 20 , 21 22 , 23. Eph. 4 ▪ 11 12. 2 Cor. 5.20 . Neh. 13.11 17. Apoc. 2 ▪ & 3. Ro 13.1 2 3. 1 Pet. 2.13 14. Tit. 2.1 Heb. 13.8 17. 1 Tim. 5 17. Numb . 16 Matth. 18 1 Cor. 5 Mar. 13.34 2 Cor. 10.8 1 Tim. 3.15 Object . Apoc. 1.6 Sol. 1 Ioh. 2 2 Pet. 2 Psal . 130.3 Gal. 2.14 1 Cor. 14.1 ver . 29. ver . 3. Mat. 28.18 Mar. 16.15.6 . Object . Sol. Ro. 12.4 , 6 Heb. 5.4 2 Tim. 2 13. 1 Tim. 4.13 . What a true visible church is . Act. 9.31 Ap. 2 , & 3 ▪ Act. 14.23 . Rom. 16.5 1 Cor. 16.19 . Tit. 1.5 . Act. 15.19 Act. 15. Phil. 1.1 . Mat. 9 36. Eph. 2. Rom 10. Act. 8. Act 13. Act. 20 1 Cor. 1. ● Gal. 2 Act. 8 Matth. 22 Matth. 25 Mat. 13.2 3. &c. Mat. 13.24 25. &c. Deus nobis imperavit congregatioonem , sibi servavit separationem . August . Mat. 13.47 48. &c. Act. 2.41 Apoc. 2.1 . Matth. 5 Cant. 6.13 Object . Sol. Eph. 2.20 . Ro , 3.3 , 4 Rom. 9.26 Ro. 10.18 Col. 1 6. Ex. 20. Gen. 9.9 . Gen. 17.7 . Mat. 28. Matth. 16 2 Chro. 15.12.14 . Neh. 9.38 Mat. 28.19 Act. 2.41 . 2 Cor. 5.19 Levit. 2.13 Deut. 29 12. Deut. 26 18. Deut. 33.3 . & 26.17 Act 2.41 Act. 8.12 37.38 . Mat. 28.19 1 Cor. 10.16 Psal . 44.17 Gal. 3.27 Rom. 4.11 . Ezech. 16.20 . Psal . 110.3 . Acts 2 41 Cant. 1.4 . Rom. 7.4 . Ex. 19.3.7.8 . Iosh 4. ● , 8 2 Chro. 24 2.4 7. Hest . 8.17 . 2 Chro. 30 Violentiū non coactorum est regnum caelorum . 2 Chro. 30 19.20 . 2 Chro. ●3 16 2 Chro. 34 32.33 . 2 Chro. 15 12 Neh. 9.38 & 10.29 . Ez. 10.3 , 19 Object . Sol. Rom. 13. Gen. 17.7 Act 8. Fran. Iohns Artic against Fr and Dutch Churches . Ioh. 20 , 21 22 , 23 ▪ 1 Cor. 14. Ensem stringēdo , decreta publicādo 2 Cor. 2 : 7. Exod. 21.28 , 29 , 30. 1 Why the bastards of christians are baptizable ? 1 Cor. 1.16 . Act. 12. Act. 8. Mat. 28. 2 An harlots fact doth not make her no Christian . 3 An harlots fact doth not deprive her or her child of the right of christianity . 4 No man ought lawfully to stay bastards frō Baptisme . Vt regenerandi etsi nondum regenerati 1 Cor. 12 , 27. 1 Cor. ● . 12 Deut. 23.2 Gal. 4. Gen. 21. Object . Sol. Exposititij . Si inter Christianos nati fuerint , ex Charitate habendi profilijs Christianorum si non sit justa causa contrariū praesumendi . 1 Cor. 6. In sensu composito . Mat. 18.6 . 1 Cor. 6 : 9.10 Gal. 5.9.22 . 1 Cor. 6. 1 Tim. 5.8 Eze. 18. Two sorts of unbel●evers . ● In part . 2 In whole . Object . Rom. 4.11 . Sol. Mat. 28.19 . Censure . Rom. 11. Col. 1. Sol. 1 Cor. 7.14 Censure . Eph. 2 , Sanctitatem foederalem , ut qui sunt regenerandi non regenerati Rom. 2. Act. 2.39 . Object . Sol. Obiect . Sol. Exod. 20. Censure . Censure . Censure . Censure . Gen. ●7 . Sol. Heb. 13. Censure . 1 Tim. 5.8 . 2 Pet. 2.19 , 20. Censure . Sol. Act. 2. 42. 1 Cor. 1 , 2. Censure . Sol. Censure . 2 Tim. 2.19 Eze. 18. Censure . Sol. Act. 8. & 9 Mat. 28. Censure . Sol. Act 18.12 , 13 , 14 , 15. 1 Christ is the head of the catholike Church , Eph. 1.22 . Col. 1.18 . Iohn 1 16. Col. 1 19 Eph 1.22 . Eph. 9.6 . 1 Iohn 2. Eph. 5.23 . Eph 1.3 . 1 King. 1.18 . 2. Christ is the head of particular Churches ▪ 1 Cor. 12.27 . Apoc. 1. 1 Tim. 3.15 . 1 Cor. 11. Heb. 3 6. Heb. 10. 3. Christ is the head of our Church . 1 Cor 3.10 , 11. Eph. 2.20 . 1 Pet. 2.7 . 1 Cor. 3.10 1 Cor. 1.2 . 1 Pet. 2.5 1 Cor. 3 9. Eph. 4.11.12 . Acts 2.47 . Iohn 14.6 . Ioh. 10.31 1 Cor 3 5. Rom 6.4 . 1 Cor. 10.16 Eph. 2.19 1 Cor. 2.12 . Acts 11.18 . Acts 15.11 Acts 2.47 Acts 11.20 . to 26. Acts 5. Mat. 16. Iohn 20. Mat. 13. Obiect . Sol. Mic 7.19 . Gen. 3.15 Iohn 4 7. Zac. 14 20 2● . Luk. 15.57 . Col. 1.13 2 Cor. 3 1● Acts 9. 1 Cor. 1.2 . Rom. 11. ●● 12.15.19 . Mat. 10.34 Phil. 11.13 14 Mat. 11.22 Psal . 2. Obiect . Sol. 4 The headship of the King doth not hinder the headship of Christ . 1 Cor. 11. Esa . 9.15 . 1 Sam. 15 17. Exod. 18.25 1 The Church hath a power to governe it selfe under Christ . Mat. 22.23 . Exod. 2.14 Acts 2.41.42 . Acts 14.23 . Tit. 1.5 . Iam. 5.14.6.8 . 1 Cor. 16.1 , 2. Gal 6.6 . 2 Thes . 3.6 . 1 Cor. 11.20 . Acts 15 1. 2 Ver. 10.24 28 verse 29. 1 Cor. 8.8 . 1 Cor 11 ▪ 4.5 , &c. ver . 33 34 1 Cor. 14.26.46 . 2 Kings are prime officers to advance government in Churches . Mat. 28. Mat. 16. Mat● 6 Rom. ●2 . 8 1 Cor , 11.28 . Rom. 13.5 1 Tim. 2.2 . Esa . 49.23 Object . Sol. Rom. ●3 . Object . Sol. Num. 10.1 , 2. Iosh 24. ● ▪ 18. 1 Chro. 15. 2 Chro. 15.14 . 2 Chro. 22.3 . 2 Chro 20 2 Chro. 34 29 30 1 King. 15 12 , 14 , 14. 2 King. 23.2 , 3. 2 Chro. 29.3 , 4 , 5. 2 Chro. ● ▪ 14 , ●5 2 Chro. 29 4 , & 31.4.16 , 17. 2 Chro. 35 2. Neh. 13.11.12 . 2 Chro. 30 2 Chro. 34 2 Chro. 15 2 Chro. 19 18. Object . Sol. 1 Sam. 15.17 . 1 Tim. 2.2 . 3. Rom 13.5 . Obiect . Sol. Obiect . Sol. Mar. 9.40 Hest . 9. 1 Cor. 11. Object . Sol. Acts 15.28 . Acts 16.3 . Acts 21.81 22 , 23 , 24 ▪ 25. Obiect . Sol. Deut. 17. Exod. 12. Mat. 26. Iosh 5.5.6 7.9 . Math. 12.3 5. 2 Chro. 7.7 . 1 King. 8.64 . 2 Chro. 30 2 , 3 , 17.18 ▪ &c. Object . Sol. Object . Pro. 2.20 . Sol. Mar. 9.40 . Rom 13.5 . Act. 3.2 . 1 Cor. 1.2 . 1. Saints by calling . 1 Cor. 1.2 . Gal 3. Act. 1. Ioh. 15.2 . Heb. 10. ●9 2 Renewed Saints not onely matter of a visible Church . 1 Cor. 12. 2 Cor. 12.11 . Eph. 4.3 . Iude 3. Eph 2.20 . Rom. 14.5 . 2 Tim. 3.16 . Eph 1.3 . Eph. 4.12 , 13. 1 Cor. 13 9 1 Cor. 16.10 . Psal . 119. A mixed company in the visible Church Ioh. 3.16 1 Cor. 15· Act 8. 1 Cor. 11. Mat. 22.9 . 10. 12. Object . Mat. ●3 . 38 Sol. 1 Ioh. 5. Mat. 13.24 ver . 38. Hos . 2.23 . Luk. 13.26 , 27. Mat. 7 22. Mat. 24.13 . 2 Thes 2.4 . Apo. 18.1 , 2. 1 Cor 3.3 . 1 Cor. 15.12 . 1 Cor. 5.1 . 1 Cor. 11.21 . 1 Cor. 1 12 1 Cor. 5. Gal. 1. Gal 3. Object . Sol. 2 Cor. 2 , 16. Tit. 2.11 . Ro. 6.1 . 1 Tim. 2.4 Gen. 18.22 . Mat. 22.13 1 Cor. 1● . 29 Iud. 2 . 2● . Mat. 13.28 Mat. 22. Mat. 16. Iohn 20. 1 Cor. 5.12 Ro. 11.20 . Gal. 5.24 . Ioh. 15.4 . Object . Sol. Deut. 5.27 vers . ●9 . Ex. 34 27 Deut. 26.17.18 Object . Sol. Obiect . Sol. 1 Pet. 2.9 . 1 Pet. 1.1 , 2. Ps . 78.36 , 37. 2 Tim. 2 ▪ 20 ▪ 21. Object . Sol. 1 Cor 11. Luk. 19.27 . Object . Sol. Rom. 14. Ma● . 13.47 , 48 , 49 Object . Sol. Apo. 3.1 . Obiect . Sol. How wicked members are cut off from us . Ier. 15.19 . Psal . 109. Eph. 5. Psal . 120. Eccles . 8.2 Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 11.28 . Gal. 6.5 . vers . 3. 1 Sam 2.17.24 . 1 Cor. 10. Ioh. 6. Mat. 22.9.10 . Act. 8. 1 Cor. 11. Mat. 22.12 friend , Ioh. 6.54 . Ier 31. Heb. 8. Ex. 12. 1 Cor. 14. 2 Cor. 6. 2 Cor. 10.8 Obiect . Matth. 7 Matth. 15. Sol. Obiect . Sol. Object . Sol. 3 Of pollution of communion by wicked members . Levit. 4.13.14 . &c. Ezek. 22.26 . Deut. 17.8 9. Apoc. 2. & 3. 1 Cor. 11. 2 Cor. 12. Apoc. 2.20 24.25.26 . Ezek. 11.20.21 . Ezek. 18.14.17.20 Ezek. 33● Gal. 5.10 . Tit. 1 15. Object . Sol. 1 Tim. 5.22 . Eph 5.11 . Pro. 1.10 . Dan. 3.4 , 5 , 6. Es . 10.1 . 1 Sam. 22.18.19 . 2 Sam 11.15 , 17. 2 K● 12.3 . Mar ●5 . 1 Kin ● 1 Kin. 21.7.25 . Prov. 1.11 , 12 , 13. Pro. 7.18 . 1 Cor. 15.33 . 2 Sa. 13.5 . Mar. 6. ●4 . Act. 19.25 . Nu. 25.3 . & 31.16 . Ro. 1.32 . Act ▪ 8.1 . Act. 7.58 . Lev. 19.17 . & 20.45 . 2 Sam. 12.14 Es . 5.20 . Pro. 24.24 Ro. 14.21 1 Cor. 8.13 Eph 5 11 1 Cor. 6. ● Obiect . Sol. Iud. 11. Num. 16.10 . Iud. 8. ● . 2 Pet 2.10 . Heb. 12.4 . 2 Chro. 14. & 15. 2 Chro. 29 & 30. & 34. Ezr. 2. & 3. Neh. 2. Hag. 1. Zech. 4. Ez. 4.23.23 . Object . Hag. 1.4 , 6 Sol. 1 Sam. 2.17 , 24. Object . Sol. Gen. 17.1 . Ex. 34. ●8 . Deu. 10 12. Levit. 6. Num. 35 33. Levit. 18.21.24 , 25. Es . 1.9.15 . & 38.2.10 Ier. 7. Es . 65.5 . Luk. 18.14 Tit. 1. Matth. 5.23.24 . 1 Cor. 11.23.28 . Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 1● 29. Numb . 19 13.20 . Hag. 2.12 13. Act 21.28 Deut. 23.3 Matth. 22 Object . Sol. Mat. 23.16 Mat. 24.3 . Ioh. 11.49 Luk. 4 28 , 29. Lu. 23.18 Mat. 11.20 21.22 . &c Mat. 27.25 Mar 7.9 . Matth. 21.12 ▪ 13. Ioh. 9.22 . Matth. 5. Ioh. 19.14 Luk. 2 21 Luk. 2.22 . Luk. 2.46 Luk. 3.21 Ioh. 2.13 . Matth ▪ 23 1 , 2 , 3 ▪ Object . Sol. Iudg. 18. 3 Ioh ▪ ● . 9 Obiect . Es ▪ 62 ● Sol. Se sti●lis conscientiae adactum , ● fecisse Se pro gloria altissimi de● pati ▪ Act 23 , 1● Object . Sol. Object . Sol. Nu. 16.3 . Object . Sol. Eph. 1. 1 Cor. 12 ▪ Ex. 1. ●8 . Ro. 12.6 , 8. 1 Tim. 4.14 . & 5 ●● Act ▪ 14.23 Act. 20.17 . Act. 21 ▪ ●8 23. Act. 15 . 2● , 23. Ne. 13.11 Apoc. 2 ▪ 1. & 12.18 ▪ Apoc. 3.1 . Ro. 13 , 21. Tit. 3.1 . Act. 20 28 Heb. 13 ▪ 17 1 Pet. 2. Apoc. 1.6 . Ro. 6.12 . Object . Math. 18.15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19. Mat. 28.20 . Matth. 18. Sol. Heb. 6 1. 1 Tim , 1.5 . Eph. 4.1 . Mat. 16.24 Rom. 6.12 Act. 2.42 . Phil. 3. Obiect . Sol. Matth. 18. Matth. 18 expoūded . Mat. 16.19 Ioh. 20.23 1 Cor. 5. 1 Tim. 2 Tim. Col. 3.13 . Mat. 18.7 . Ma. 18. av . 8 ad v. 15. Mat. 18.15 ad finem . Luk. 19.2 . Mat. 9 9. Act. 25.11 Act. 22 28 Mat. 18.15 . ver . 16. Deu. 19. ●5 Heb. 10.28 Mat. 18.17 . 1 Tim 1.8 Allusive . 1 Cor. 6.1.6 . Ro. 9.13 . Ioh. 16. 1 Cor. 6 ▪ 2. 1 Tim. ● . 1 , 2. Gal. 5 15. Ro. 16.18 . 1 Thes . 4. Ro. 13.1 , 4. Why the former sense is true . Mat. 18.21 vers . 35. vers . 15. vers . 17. 1 Cor. 5.11 . Luk. 19. Luk. 3.12.13 . Obiect . Sol. Object . Sol. Act ▪ 19.32.39.41 . Object . Sol. 2 Pet. 2.4 . Jude 6. Matth. 22. Mat. 16 19 Joh. 20.23 Matth. 5.25 , 26. Obiect . Sol. Matth. ●8 . 19 . Quid hoc si●● velit series ipsa loci declarat . Siqui correptus est animo indoluerit & in idem propositum venerit cum eo ● quo corripiaetur dabitur ei de clementissimo Deo ven●a &c. Object . Mat. 18 20 Sol. Object . 1 Cor. 1.5 Sol. 1 Cor 5. Object ▪ 1 Cor. ● ▪ Sol. 1 Cor. 5.4 . Ioh. 20. Apoc. 2 ▪ & 3. 1 Cor. 5.1 . Ver ▪ 2. that he might be 〈◊〉 away from them , no● cast out 〈◊〉 themselv● . vers . 4. vers ▪ 13 : vers . 11. Object . Sol. Matth. 22. Object . 1 Cor ▪ ● . 6 . 1 Cor. 6.2 . 1 Cor. 5.3 , 4. 1 Their name . Object . Sol. Act. 20.28 Es . 56.10 . Matth. 13. Apoc ▪ 2 ▪ & ● 2 Tim. & Tit. post sc . Aernis . 1 Cor. 6.4 . Ro 15.8 . Matth. 20.28 . 1 Pet. 2.25 . Heb. 3.1 . 1 Pet. 5.1 . 3 Ioh. 1. 2 Cor. 8.23 . Phil. 2.25 Apoc. 1. & 2. & 3. Object . 2 Their degree . Sol. 1 Cor ▪ 12 . 2● . Ephes ▪ ● 1 Tim 3 . 1● . 3. Their jurisdiction Ob ▪ Sol. 1 Tim. 3.15 . 1 Tim. 6.14 . 1. Ordination . T it 1.5 . 1 Tim. 5.22 Object . Sol. Act. 16.2.3 . 1 Tim. 4.14 . Object . 2 Tim 4.5 . Sol. 1 Cor. 16.10 . Object . Sol. 2. Redressing things amisse ▪ Tit. 1.5 . 1 Tim. 1.3 1 Tim. 5.19 . Tit. 1.11 . Obiect . Act. 4.17.18 , 19 , 20. Sol. Act 9. 1 Tim. 5.24 . Object . Sol. Tit. 1.5 . Object Sol. Object . 1 Pet. 5. ● ▪ Mat. 20.25 , 26 , 27. Sol. Ro. 13.1 . &c. 1 Pet 2.13 14 , 17 , &c. Ioh. 13.13 1 Cor 12.28 . Ezek. 34.4 . Object . Sol. Object . Sol. 1 Tim. 5.17 . Tit. 1.9 1 Thes . 5.11 , 13. 1 Tim. 3.1 4. Act ▪ 14 Object . Sol. Eph. ● . 11 . 1 Cor. 12. ● Mat 9 ●● Act 1● . ●● 1 Tim. 6 ● Eph. 4.11 . 2 Cor. 6.4 Ro. 15.8 . Act. 6. Object . 1 Tim. 3.13 Act. 6.3 . Act. 6.6 . Act. 7. Act. 8.35 , 38. 1 Tim. 3.13 Object . Sol. Ex. 22.10.11 , 12. 1 King. 8.31 . 1 King. ●8 . 10 . Gen. 25.33 . 1 Kin. 2.8.43 , 44. Gal. 2.4 . 2 T●m ▪ 3.6 Iude 4. ● Tim. 2 . 1● . Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 5. Object . Sol. Object . Sol. Indulgences . 2 Cor. 2.6 , 7 , 8 , 10 Object . Sol. Purse penances . Ex. 21 ▪ 29 , 30. Obiect . Sol. 1 Cor. 6.2 . Gal. 6. Jude . Nu. 16.10 . 2 Pet. 2. Object . Gal. 5. Iob. 42. Object . Sol. Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 4. ●1 . The greatnesse of the sin of separation Jud. 5. Obiect . Sol. Ro. 2.8 , 9. 1 Cor. 6.9 , 10. Ob. Sol. Hos . 4. ● Cor. 14.3 . Rom. 10. Matth. 28. 1 Tim. 4.16.13 . 1 Tim. 3 7. 1 Tim. 2.2 . 1 Tim. 3.2 . 2 Tim. 3.16 . 1 Tim. 3.2 1 Pet. 5.2 . Joh. 21.15 , 16 , 17. Joh. 10. Act. 1.23 . Act. 6.6 . 1 Tim 3.10 . 1 Tim. 4.14 . Act 6.6 . Act. 13.3 . Tit. 1.5 . 1 Tim. 3. ● . 1 Cor. 1● . ●● Exod. 4. Jer. 1.6 . Es . 6. How the M●nistery may be desired . 1 Tim. 6. 1 Tim. 4.16 . 1 Tim. 3.1 . Joh. 21.15 . Act. 20.28 1 Pet. 5.1 , 2. 2 Tim 4.2 Matt. 28.20 . 2 Tim 4.7 , 8. Dan 12.3 2 Cor. 12.15 . Object . Sol. 2 Sam , 18.19 . ad finē . 1 Tim ● . 2● Object . Sol. Eph. 4. Marks o● true teachers . Ro. 6.16 Ioh. 8.34 Ioh. 15.19 Ier. 23.22 . 1 Tim. 4.6 Ioh ▪ 16.22 1 Cor. 3. 1 Cor. 13. Phil. 3.15 , 16. Ioh. 10.2.7 vers . 3. Vers . 3. Pro. 27.23 Mat. 13.52 Vers . 3. Psa . 92.14 J●hn 5. Jo● . 10 4. Es . 4● . 4 . Jer. 6.29 . Jer. 23. ●2 . Ro. 1 ▪ 16. 1 Cor. 4 : 15. Object . Sol. Jer. 23.29 . Object . Sol. Luk. ● . 17 . Luk. 22.32 . Jer. 31.18 . Es . 10.21 . Object . Joh. 4. 1 Pet. 3.1 . Act. 18. Ephes . 4.11.12 . Act. 26.18 . Object . Sol. 2 King. ● . 23 Object . Sol. Tit. 1.5 . Object . Sol. Apoc. 1 ▪ ● Ep● . 1. Phil. ● . Col. 1 ▪ Ro. 15.16 . Es . 66.21 . Object . Sol. Ex 28 . 1● Ex. 40.16 1 Chro. 23.1 , 2 , 3 , &c. 1 Kin 2.27 2 Chro ▪ 8.14 . 2 Chro , ●9 24. Act. ● , 15. &c. Act. 6.2 . Act. 2.38 . Act. 10.44 Obiect . Sol. Eph. 47. 1 Tim. 3. 1 Sa. 2.24 . Joh. 3.22 . Joh. 4.2 . Joh. 6.70 . Joh. 3.22.24 . Mat. 4.12.17 . Act. 10.23 . vers . 48. 1 Cor. 12.28 . Object . Sol. 1 Cor ● . ● ▪ vers . 8 , 9.10 ▪ 1● . 1 Tim. ● . 17 ▪ 18. Gal. 6.6 . Object . Sol. Col. 2.17 Es . 1. Mal 3.9 Matth. 23 Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 9.14 Heb. 7.6 , 7 , 8 ▪ 9. 2 Cor 5 20 2 Cor. 3. Object . Ioh. 4. Sol. Ob●ect . Heb. 3● ▪ Sol. Ioh. 14. Heb. 10. Two sorts of ceremonies . Deut. 4.2 . 1 Sam. 8.5 Deu. 17.14 1 Kin. 8.63 ver ▪ 65. ver . 22. Deut. 17. Josh . 24 ▪ 26. 2 Ch. 15.14 Nehe. 9. ult . & 10 ▪ 11. Hest . 9. 1 Cor. 14 26.40 . Object . Sol. Tit. 1.5 . Rom. 14.3.5 , Act. 15. Eph 4 3 ▪ 5 Col. 2.5 . Num. 36 1 Cor. 10 ▪ 23. 1 Cor. 8.13 2 Sam. ●4 . 1 Cor. 6. ● ▪ Eph. 3.14 Gen. 14.22 . Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 14.26 . Object . Sol. Gen. 24. Ex. 17.15 Iosh . ●2 . 24 , to 35. 1 Sam. Joh. 2. Luk. 4.17 , 20. 1 Cor , 11. 1 Cor. 16.20 . 2 Pet. 2.11 Jude . 1 Cor. 14. Mar. 9 40. Object . Sol. Object ▪ Sol. Pro. 25 ▪ 4 1 Cor. 8. & 10. 1 Kin. 19. Ex. 23.24 . Ezek. 18.6 Ps 44.20 . Ex. 32.6.19 . Am. 2.8 . Obiect . Ioh. 4. Sol. Object . Sol. Object . Sol. H●s . 14.2 . Matth. 6. Luk. 11 ▪ 2. Object . Zach. 12. ●0 . Luk. 11. ● . A double power of prayer . Rom. 8. Object . Sol. Eph. 6. 1 Tim. 2. Psal . 14. Psal . 47. 1 Cor. 14. Lu. 22.41 Lom 3. Ps . 123 1. Ps . 35.10 . Psal . 45. Object . Sol. Object . Sol. Num. 21.5 Ro. 8.26 , 27. Object . Sol. Why se● formes are prescribed ministers ? Ob. 2 Pet. 2. Object . Ezek. 18.21 , 22. Sol. Object . Sol. Neh. 8 , 6. 1 Cor. 14.16 . Object . Sol. Prov. 28. Matth. 16. Joh. 20 ▪ Act. 17. Of the Lit●y . Ob. Sol. Ob. Sol. Luk. 11. Object . Sol. Object . Sol. 1 Sam. 1. Object . Sol. Es . 38.1 . Matth. 25 〈◊〉 ▪ 20. Psal . 109.13 , 14. Ob ▪ Joh. 17. Sol. 1 Tim. 2 1 Ps . 67.3 . Luk. 23. 1 Joh. 5. Psal 141. As some translate . Gal. 6.2 . 1 Joh 5 , 16 Object . Sol. Object . Sol. Ex. 19. Eph. 4 1. Object . Sol. Object . Sol. Ex. 20. Ob. Sol. 2 Thes . 2.4 . Mar 9.4 . 1 Cor , 6. Rom. 13.5 1 Cor. 11. Es . 29.13 . Mat. 15.9 . D●ut . 4 2 : & 12.32 . Col. 2 ▪ Object . Sol. Deu. 27.12 1 King. 8.14.55 . Neh. 8.5 . Object . Sol. Object . Sol. 1 Cor. 10. Object . Sol. Ob. Sol. Psal . 95.5 . Ps 149.3 . Ps . 150.4 . Psal . 47.1 . 2. Sam. 17. 1 King. 1.47 . The crosse in Baptisme . Object . Sol. Act. 1● . How wee use the signe of the crosse ? 1 Cor. 16.20 . 1 Pet. 5.14 Object . Sol. Levit. 14. Obiect . Responses Sol. Act. 8. 1 Sam. 20.42 . Rom. 4.11 ● Pet. 3.21 . Heb. 10.25 2 Pet. 3. 1 Consider one another . Eccles . 9. 1 Cor. 16. Psal . 143· Eph. 6. Matth. 7. Rom. 11. 2 Thes . 3.10 , Matth. 26. Gen 38. Gal. 6.1 . 1 Cor. 4. ult . Ier. 23. Rom. 11. 1 John 5.21 . Luke 22. 2 Exhort one another . Pro. 13.10 . Iam. 1.21 Jam. 3. Mat. 20. Eph. 1. John 7. Eccles . 3. Eccles . 11. 1 Sam. 25. Luk. 19. Ex. 32. Gal. 1 ▪ 6. Apo. 2.4 . Mat. 13.9 . 1 Thes . ● . 11 . Prov. 6. Jam , 4. 2 Sam. 24.10 . 2 Sam. 16.7 , 8. Heb. 1● . Ex. ● . Prov. ● . 3 The day approacheth . Luk 19.42 Eccles 12. 2 Cor. 5.11 . 2 Pet. 3.