Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 17 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 113664 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 65 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 water 7 substance 7 acid 5 oxygen 5 air 4 metal 4 form 4 element 4 compound 3 solution 3 salt 3 note 3 illustration 3 hydrogen 3 heat 3 h_{2}o 3 gas 3 contain 3 Mercury 3 H_{2}SO_{4 3 CO_{2 2 woodcut 2 time 2 oxide 2 nitrous 2 nature 2 gold 2 experiment 2 diagram 2 carbon 2 body 2 Wine 2 Sulphur 2 Spirit 2 Science 2 Salt 2 Professor 2 Principles 2 Paris 2 M.D. 2 M.A. 2 London 2 Lavoisier 2 Illustrations 2 Fig 2 F.R.S. 2 Elements 2 College 2 Chapter 2 CH_{4 Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 8673 acid 8529 water 5638 salt 5610 air 5099 substance 4571 solution 3909 part 3741 compound 3381 oxygen 3318 hydrogen 3107 gas 3039 metal 2984 oxide 2927 heat 2754 quantity 2608 element 2477 ° 2304 weight 2265 property 2223 form 2179 temperature 2138 time 2026 iron 1817 matter 1791 sodium 1776 action 1770 experiment 1755 chloride 1601 body 1570 case 1545 fire 1514 mixture 1456 atom 1455 reaction 1448 potassium 1432 place 1428 silver 1423 anhydride 1414 state 1395 composition 1372 nature 1369 volume 1351 carbon 1328 chlorine 1326 vessel 1280 fact 1214 degree 1204 oil 1199 vapour 1198 process Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 22278 _ 1610 | 1407 Acid 1103 . 1004 Salt 999 i. 921 c. 856 sulphur 847 Spirit 701 Sulphur 685 ii 679 8vo 522 Mercury 513 Antimony 497 Alkali 449 Wine 440 Tartar 422 phlogiston 422 ammonia 416 Oil 413 Mr. 409 Nitre 405 Chapter 372 Volatile 345 Crown 339 Regulus 293 Fig 289 Iron 288 Water 287 Copper 281 Sea 281 Note 275 Bodies 273 Fire 266 Vitriol 266 Lavoisier 264 Elements 258 p.c 253 Lead 240 Silver 239 Dalton 237 I. 237 CO_{2 237 Arsenic 235 gr 227 hath 223 nitre 220 Vitriolic 218 H_{2}SO_{4 213 Acids Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 22776 it 5210 i 4500 we 4199 they 2652 them 2609 he 2357 you 692 itself 659 us 604 me 415 themselves 388 him 160 himself 93 myself 89 one 43 she 40 ourselves 19 hg 13 her 11 theirs 11 ours 8 yourself 7 herself 4 thee 4 oneself 4 mine 3 yourselves 3 his 3 cl_{2}o 2 ptcl_{2}co 2 na 2 n 2 br 2 ''s 1 whey 1 whereof 1 thus-- 1 this,--you 1 teh_{2}o_{4},2h_{2}o. 1 tax_{6}--that 1 sx_{3 1 substance,[1 1 sb_{2}s_{5 1 sb_{2}o_{4 1 pd_{2}o 1 pd 1 oh)(oh)--that 1 ni 1 nh_{5 1 na_{2}o Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 66180 be 10443 have 4593 form 3726 contain 3570 give 3359 make 3208 do 2935 take 2894 obtain 2129 find 1815 see 1789 dissolve 1787 combine 1638 call 1623 know 1507 use 1505 produce 1414 pass 1362 heat 1319 show 1315 remain 1293 burn 1278 separate 1263 decompose 1220 become 1047 say 1041 follow 977 mix 950 accord 941 add 917 appear 897 act 884 observe 848 fix 821 determine 820 leave 814 boil 807 absorb 781 reduce 770 come 755 prepare 748 employ 747 put 728 evolve 721 correspond 718 require 693 think 693 consider 663 melt 661 convert Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8705 not 4561 other 4020 very 3661 more 3156 only 3037 also 3033 same 2859 so 2796 great 2772 then 2095 much 2041 many 1926 first 1905 thus 1881 such 1748 most 1643 therefore 1631 small 1568 easily 1515 as 1449 even 1342 certain 1281 well 1266 carbonic 1230 sulphuric 1218 little 1215 different 1184 up 1164 now 1131 soluble 1109 less 1080 common 1060 large 1053 pure 1044 metallic 982 red 959 high 927 about 914 long 910 nitric 903 however 891 still 889 together 875 out 866 necessary 828 ordinary 824 especially 818 here 804 white 803 strong Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 444 least 406 most 252 great 218 good 125 high 107 small 86 simple 66 pure 52 Most 50 strong 41 light 40 heavy 35 low 25 large 24 manif 21 near 17 fine 13 easy 13 early 12 slight 12 late 10 weak 10 hot 10 fit 10 common 9 full 9 dense 9 cheap 8 long 8 clear 7 gentle 6 thin 6 rich 6 hard 6 gross 5 sure 5 minute 5 bright 4 warm 4 thick 4 new 4 fierce 3 white 3 proper 3 poor 3 old 3 noble 3 mild 3 feeble 3 fair Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1342 most 89 well 57 least 1 soon 1 saline 1 long 1 highest 1 greatest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 www.gutenberg.org 2 www.gutenberg.net 2 archive.org 1 dewey.library.upenn.edu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/51326/51326-h/51326-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/51326/51326-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38246/38246-h/38246-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38246/38246-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/2/1/14218/14218-h/14218-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/4/2/1/14218/14218-h.zip 1 http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti 1 http://archive.org/details/cu31924012367441 1 http://archive.org Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 231 _ see _ 38 acid does not 27 water does not 20 air is not 18 acid is not 17 water is not 15 _ heat _ 12 solution is not 11 acid is also 11 acid is then 11 oxide does not 11 salt does not 11 salt is not 11 solution is then 10 acids do not 10 salt is also 9 gas is disengaged 9 iron does not 9 solution does not 9 substances are capable 8 acid is very 8 matter is not 8 metal is not 8 oxide is not 8 substance called _ 8 water containing carbonic 8 water is so 7 _ is greater 7 acid is easily 7 acid passes over 7 air does not 7 air is necessary 7 air was not 7 compounds are also 7 iron is not 7 metals do not 7 oxygen does not 7 oxygen is not 7 salt is easily 7 salt is soluble 7 salt separates out 7 salts are soluble 7 temperature does not 7 water is also 6 _ is not 6 air is also 6 compounds are very 6 gas does not 6 gas is not 6 gases contain equal Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 acid has no action 3 acids have no action 3 acids have no effect 3 chloride is not only 3 matter is no other 2 acid does not long 2 acid has not yet 2 acid is not volatile 2 hydrogen is not able 2 matter is not so 2 time has not yet 1 _ be not less 1 _ contain no acid 1 _ do not yet 1 _ gave no light 1 _ has no more 1 _ has no proper 1 _ has no wider 1 _ has not only 1 _ having no sensible 1 _ is not easily 1 _ is not generally 1 _ is not so 1 _ is not soluble 1 _ was not very 1 acid are not as 1 acid are not hitherto 1 acid containing no oxygen 1 acid does not even 1 acid does not readily 1 acid having no action 1 acid is no longer 1 acid is not able 1 acid is not all 1 acid is not at 1 acid is not capable 1 acid is not disengaged 1 acid is not inflammable 1 acid is not often 1 acid is not soluble 1 acids are no other 1 acids are not compounds 1 acids are not less 1 acids containing no oxygen 1 acids do not generally 1 acids does not alone 1 acids have not so 1 acids have not yet 1 action is not clearly 1 action is not energetic A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 37283 author = Anonymous title = The Whole Secret Laid Open, Or the Complete Art of Making the Chemical Fulminating Objects, Such as the Lace, or Girt of Security, Fulminating Letters, Balls, Bombs, Garters, Cards, Spiders, Segars, Chairs, Drawers, Boots, Shoes, &c. &c. date = keywords = Fulminating; Silver summary = undermentioned places: for the Fulminating Silver, and Brugnatelli''s Fulminating Silver to be enclosed in the part marked S; a piece of of Brugnatelli''s Fulminating Silver: a piece of paper is then to be quantity of Brugnatelli''s Fulminating Silver is from one grain to one a grain of Fulminating Silver between the leaves, the end is then to be Take one third of a grain of Brugnatelli''s Fulminating Silver, and a grain of the Fulminating Silver is then to be placed between the Are thus prepared: Enclose half a grain of Brugnatelli''s Fulminating Silver in a piece of glass paper, and that should be again enclosed in One fourth of a grain of Fulminating Silver is to be inclosed in a Fulminating Silver in a fold of glass paper, and pasting it in the prepared in the same manner as directed for the Fulminating Cards. Fulminating Silver in a small fold of glass paper, and putting it into id = 22914 author = Boyle, Robert title = The Sceptical Chymist or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes, Touching the Spagyrist''s Principles Commonly call''d Hypostatical; As they are wont to be Propos''d and Defended by the Generality of Alchymists. Whereunto is præmis''d Part of another Discourse relating to the same Subject. date = keywords = Bodies; Carneades; Chymical; Doctrine; Earth; Elementary; Elements; Eleutherius; Fire; Liquor; Mercury; Nature; Oyle; Principles; Salt; Spirit; Sulphur; Water; Wine; argument; body; chymist; errata; experiment; gold; note; opinion; substance summary = knowing Chymists shall Think fit in a civil and rational way to shew Peripatetick Elements, or the III Chymical Principles of Mixt Bodies._ number of Principles of mixt Bodies, to that grand and known Argument Body, nor scarce of any Animal, generated of Water, a French Chymist, reckon it among Salts, a De-compounded Body Consisting (as I shall mixt Bodie, yields but a little Inflamable Spirit, or Sulphur, and not Chymists Averr the Substances Obtain''d from Compound Bodies by the other Mineral bodies into Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury. how many new sorts of mixt Bodies Chymists themselves have produc''d by as for the Chymists calling a body Salt, or Sulphur, or Mercury, upon the Chymists Mercury or Spirit; and yet how many Bodies, think you, Substances which Chymists are wont to obtain from Mixt Bodies, by their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, to constitute mixt Bodies, without their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, to constitute mixt Bodies, without id = 14474 author = Faraday, Michael title = The Chemical History of a Candle date = keywords = Fig; air; burn; candle; flame; illustration; oxygen; water summary = BRIGHTNESS OF THE FLAME--AIR NECESSARY FOR COMBUSTION--PRODUCTION OF WATER gradual supply of air to that place of action--heat and light--all this piece of lime in the flame of the hydrogen as it burns in the oxygen, candle, and shew you a substance like zinc burning in the flame, you will and find that if they burn with a flame, as a candle, they produce water. substance equally from water produced from the candle-flame as from any Inasmuch as the candle produces water, and this gas comes out of the candle burn to produce water without it? than what is produced by the burning of the candle in air. air as the candle would burn in--and here is a jar or bottle containing It is water produced from the candle by the action of the air with air; and if I put a little lime-water into it, neither the oxygen nor id = 20848 author = Henderson, William Edwards title = An Elementary Study of Chemistry date = keywords = CO_{2; H_{2}SO_{4; acid; carbon; compound; element; exercise; fig; form; gas; h_{2}o; hydrogen; illustration; metal; oxygen; salt; solution; substance; water summary = prepared from compounds known as acids, all of which contain hydrogen. the oxygen present in the copper oxide to form water, which is absorbed hydrogen and oxygen combine in two different ratios to form water and Similarly, the element iron combines with oxygen to form two oxides, one sulphuric acid two compounds are formed, namely, hydrogen dioxide acid to water in the preparation of oxygen and hydrogen by electrolysis the oxides of most metals, forming a salt and water. DEFINITION: _Any oxide which will combine with water to form an acid, or acid, called sulphides, form an important class of salts. of hydrogen to form acids, which are gases very soluble in water. oxygen and hydrogen to form four different acids. a base is present in the water, salts of carbonic acid are formed, and carbon unites with nitrogen and hydrogen to form the acid HCN, called id = 30775 author = Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent title = Elements of Chemistry, In a New Systematic Order, Containing all the Modern Discoveries date = keywords = Academy; Acid; Combinations; English; Fig; Names; Paris; Plate; SECT; TABLE; basis; gas; note; oxygen; salifiable; water summary = Combustible substances, which in acids and metallic oxyds are a specific small proportions with water, whilst a higher oxygenation forms an acid atmospheric air, or in oxygen gas, they are not converted into acids after combining with charcoal to form carbonic acid gas, being added, of oxygen, when combined with nitrous gas in the nitric acid 58.72164; charcoal at this degree of heat, combines with it to form carbonic acid, attracts the oxygen, on purpose to form carbonic acid, the caloric form carbonic acid, a large quantity of hydrogen gas is set free, and water combined with the oxygenated muriatic acid than is necessary to quantity of oxygen gas absorbed, and of carbonic acid produced, as water course, after their combustion in common air, water, carbonic acid gas, forms carbonic acid gas and water, by oxygenating its elements. the quantity of water formed during the experiment; the carbonic acid id = 4524 author = Liebig, Justus, Freiherr von title = Familiar Letters on Chemistry, and Its Relation to Commerce, Physiology, and Agriculture date = keywords = England; LETTER; acid; animal; body; carbon; contain; element; food; oxygen; plant; substance summary = compound bodies produced with equal weights of two elements! constant supply of certain matters, animal food, and of oxygen, in hydrogen of certain parts of the animal body combine with the oxygen carbonic acid and water, 64.102 grains of oxygen are required. the elements of the food, is the source of animal heat. In the animal body, heat is produced only in those parts to which necessity for food containing carbon and hydrogen increases in the only class of animals whose food contains fat, inspire more oxygen these, the blood contains certain fatty bodies in small quantity, Vegetables produce in their organism the blood of all animals, for decaying organic matter present in the soil supplying carbonic acid, In whatever form the nitrogen supplied to plants may be contained in animals, from vegetable substances used as food; they had been to become food for man and animals can be formed in any plant id = 46998 author = Macquer, Pierre Joseph title = Elements of the Theory and Practice of Chymistry, 5th ed. date = keywords = Acid; Alkali; Antimony; Arsenic; Copper; Iron; Lead; Mercury; Nitre; Regulus; Salt; Sea; Spirit; Sulphur; Tartar; Vitriol; Vitriolic; Volatile; Wine; gold; oil summary = Neutral salts have not so great an affinity with water as either Acids Water made boiling hot dissolves a greater quantity of those salts If the Vitriolic Acid contain much water, it is then called _Spirit of Silver thus combined with the nitrous acid forms a metallic salt which Copper dissolved in the vitriolic acid forms a kind of metalline salt, The neutral salts formed by combining the acids of nitre and of vitriol case with many other vegetables that contain an essential Oil. Succulent and green plants yield by compression a great deal of liquor phlegm, essential oils, fragrant waters, acid oily spirits, volatile several substances, all of which contain the Acid of Sea-salt, he mixed Vitriol, it must be distilled a second time from Sea-salt, as the Acid of the metal, by the Fixed Alkali uniting with the Acid of Sea-salt _Spirit of Wine combined with the Acid of Sea-salt. id = 51326 author = Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich title = The Principles of Chemistry, Volume I date = keywords = Avogadro; Berthollet; CH_{4; CO_{2; Chapter; College; F.R.S.; FIG; Gay; Gerhardt; H_{2; H_{2}SO_{4; Illustrations; London; Lussac; M.A.; M.D.; NO_{2; Note; Professor; Science; Thomsen; acid; cl_{2; compound; contain; diagram; form; gas; h_{2}o; heat; hydrogen; nh_{3; oxide; oxygen; salt; sodium; solution; substance; temperature; water; woodcut summary = carbonic acid, whilst river water contains a considerable quantity explained from the fact that water which contains carbonic acid acids, salts, and such like substances whose solutions do conduct cases (for example, in the solution of nitric or formic acid in water) other acids form _solutions having definite boiling points_, like that [5] As water is formed by the combination of oxygen and hydrogen, with The oxide formed acts on sulphuric acid, water then organic substances are decomposed at a red heat, forming hydrogen, among with hydrogen, forming water, 69,000 units of heat are evolved; whilst when heated with sulphuric acid, forms oxygen and barium oxide, which _Many substances decompose hydrogen peroxide_, forming water and oxygen, water containing the nitrogen and oxygen of the air in solution, Chapter XX.) Water destroys this compound, forming sulphuric acid under the action of water (containing carbonic acid) and air, give id = 54210 author = Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich title = The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II date = keywords = B.Sc; CH_{4; CO_{2; Chapter; College; F.R.S.; H_{2}SO_{4; III; Illustrations; London; M.A.; M.D.; Marignac; NH_{3; Professor; R_{2}O_{3; Royal; SO_{2; SO_{3; Science; acid; anhydride; chloride; compound; contain; diagram; element; form; h_{2}o; heat; hydrogen; iron; metal; note; oxide; potassium; salt; silver; solution; water; woodcut summary = such acid compounds as are formed by chlorine, oxygen, and similar excess of water, especially when heated, forms the basic salt (as Silicic acid is formed by taking any solution containing silica formed on mixing sulphuric acid or its soluble salts with presence of an acid at the ordinary temperature, lead forms compounds of compounds in the form of the salts of phosphoric acid. water, forming a yellow solution with a slightly acid reaction.[50] and forms the lower oxides; V_{2}O_{4} (acid solutions of a green sulphuretted hydrogen on a salt of a metal, a free acid must be formed forms in solution only an acid salt with the potassium: KHO + sulphurous acid easily forms double salts. salt from the green solution which contains less sulphuric acid salt-forming oxide, UO_{3}, shows very feeble acid properties. salt is not only formed by the action of iron on sulphuric acid, id = 14218 author = Muir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison) title = The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry date = keywords = ALCHEMICAL; Elements; Lavoisier; Mercury; Paracelsus; Principles; Stone; air; alchemist; change; illustration; metal; nature; property; substance; symbol; thing summary = object of Nature in all things is to introduce into each substance the The alchemical notion of a natural state as proper to each substance Price_ says, "Nature is continually at work changing other metals into If we think of the alchemical elements earth, air, fire, and water, as _Water_, in the cold substances the element _Air_ preponderates, and properties of substances, made since the time of the alchemists, have fixed substance, which brings all metals to the perfection of gold or that word: the alchemist regarded the metals as composite substances; experiments on the calcination of metals and other substances, But the terms _substance_, _thing_, _properties_ were used separate the calcined substance into two different things, one of help of it, what kind of air a great variety of substances, natural to cause a metallic calx (that is, the substance formed by calcining the way nature works, she _must_ begin with certain substances which id = 38246 author = Muir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison) title = Heroes of Science: Chemists date = keywords = Avogadro; Berzelius; Black; Dalton; Davy; Dumas; Graham; Lavoisier; Liebig; Paris; Priestley; acid; air; atom; chemical; compound; nature; substance; time; water summary = Berzelius--Davy''s work on acids, alkalis, and salts--He Water was regarded as a substance which, like air, readily combined with ESTABLISHMENT OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE--PERIOD OF DALTON. ESTABLISHMENT OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE--PERIOD OF DALTON. that when elements combine the atom of the compound so produced is built up method for determining the atomic weights of compounds of that element. small particles, the molecule (of a compound or of an element) and the atom water gas there are two atoms of hydrogen combined with sixteen parts by nature of the elements in the acid atoms, or even in the arrangement of the Davy''s view of an acid as a compound of water with a negative oxide was place of three atoms of hydrogen in the molecule; that the new substance At the time when Dalton was thinking out his theory of atoms, Davy was id = 29734 author = Priestley, Joseph title = Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air date = keywords = Dr.; Mr.; acid; air; common; diminish; experiment; inflammable; kind; nitrous; observation; phlogiston; quantity; time; water summary = In experiments on those kinds of air which are readily imbibed by water, In order to impregnate fluids with any kind of air, as water with fixed Fixed air may be kept in vessels standing in water for a long Water thus impregnated with fixed air readily dissolves iron, as Mr. Lane has discovered; so that if a quantity of iron filings be put to it, observed, that water which remained a long time within this air has If a quantity of inflammable air be contained in a glass vessel standing letting the phial stand some days in water, that the fixed air might be standing a long time in water, about as much as inflammable air is quantities of different kinds of air in jars standing in boiled water. To a quantity of common air, thus diminished by agitation in water, till I agitated in water a quantity of nitrous air phlogisticated with iron id = 37682 author = Priestley, Joseph title = Heads of Lectures on a Course of Experimental Philosophy: Particularly Including Chemistry date = keywords = LECTURE; acid; air; form; heat; metal; nitrous; substance; water summary = Neither water nor acid of vitriol will separately dissolve iron, so as phlogiston with nitrous air, as by heating iron in it, and by a mixture vitriolic acid, which uniting with the phlogiston in the air, forms the so that water impregnated with vitriolic acid air, commonly called Fluor acid air is procured by dissolving the earthy substance called Alkaline air is produced by means of heat from caustic volatile alkali, with marine acid air, the common sal-ammoniac; and with water, the The nitrous acid is formed by the union of the purest inflammable air, The nitrous acid unites with phlogiston, alkalis, metallic substances, Nitrous acid dissolves all metallic substances except gold and platina, vitriolic acid it forms a substance that is insoluble in water, and acid will deprive the nitrous of it, and form a substance called _luna By heat this substance parts with its pure air, and becomes id = 31624 author = Watson, Glen W. title = A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis date = keywords = Berkeley; California; University; element summary = [Illustration: Radioactive elements: alpha particles from a speck of A BRIEF HISTORY OF ELEMENT DISCOVERY, SYNTHESIS, AND ANALYSIS scientists working under the Atomic Energy Commission at the University evident that the atoms of radioactive elements were constantly changing accelerate a wider variety of nuclear particles to high energies. new elements, isotopes, and particles now seems endless. Element 43 was "made" for the first time as a result of bombarding The California scientists called the newly discovered element neptunium, bombardment in the Berkeley 60-inch cyclotron by Radiation Laboratory bombarded with alpha particles (positively charged helium nuclei) reacts to give off a neutron and a new element, curium, that has atomic number the isolation and identification of the atoms of element 96 was done at "one atom at a time"; this is possible because its daughter element, Positively charged atoms of element 102 are ions released [alpha] particles which had an energy of 8.6 MeV and