Five cases of conscience occasionally determined by a late learned hand.
         Sanderson, Robert, 1587-1663.
      
       
         
           1666
        
      
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             Five cases of conscience occasionally determined by a late learned hand.
             Sanderson, Robert, 1587-1663.
          
           [7], 128 p.
           
             Printed by E.C. for Henry Brome ...,
             London :
             1666.
          
           
             Written by Robert Sanderson. Cf. BM.
             Added t.p. engraved.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Christian life -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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               Five
               Cases
               of
               Conscience
               by
               A
               Learned
               Hand
               .
            
             
               London
               Printed
               for
               Henry
               Brome
               1666.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           FIVE
           CASES
           OF
           Conscience
           :
           Occasionally
           Determined
           BY
           
             A
             late
             Learned
             Hand
          
           .
        
         
           HEB.
           xi
           .
           4.
           
        
         
           He
           being
           Dead
           ,
           yet
           speaketh
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           
             Printed
             by
          
           E.
           C.
           for
           Henry
           Brome
           
             at
             the
          
           Gun
           in
           Ivy-lane
           ,
           1666.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           LETTER
           from
           a
           Friend
           concerning
           the
           ensuing
           Cases
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           HAving
           perused
           the
           Papers
           you
           sent
           me
           ,
           I
           can
           safely
           vouch
           them
           for
           genuine
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           the
           least
           Spurious
           ,
           by
           that
           resemblance
           they
           wear
           of
           their
           Reverend
           Author
           ;
           and
           therefore
           you
           need
           not
           fear
           to
           bring
           them
           to
           the
           Publique
           test
           ,
           and
           let
           them
           look
           the
           Sun
           in
           the
           face
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           their
           first
           Commission
           was
           but
           short
           ,
           and
           long
           since
           expired
           ,
           they
           being
           designed
           only
           to
           visit
           ,
           and
           respectively
           satisfie
           some
           private
           Friends
           ;
           yet
           I
           cannot
           see
           what
           injury
           you
           will
           offer
           to
           his
           sacred
           ashes
           ,
           if
           ,
           by
           renewing
           that
           ,
           you
           send
           them
           on
           a
           little
           farther
           Embassie
           for
           the
           common
           good
           .
        
         
           Indeed
           the
           least
           remains
           of
           so
           matchless
           a
           Champion
           ,
           so
           invincible
           an
           Advocate
           
             in
             Foro
             Theologico
          
           ,
           like
           the
           filings
           and
           fragments
           of
           Gold
           ,
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           lost
           ;
           and
           pity
           the
           world
           was
           not
           worthy
           many
           more
           of
           his
           learned
           Labours
           .
        
         
         
           But
           —
           
             Praestat
             de
             Carthagine
             racere
             quam
             pauca
             dicere
          
           ;
           far
           be
           it
           from
           me
           to
           pinion
           the
           wings
           of
           his
           fame
           ,
           with
           any
           rude
           Letters
           of
           Commendation
           ;
           or
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           precarious
           Pedantry
           ,
           to
           court
           any
           man
           into
           a
           belief
           of
           his
           worth
           ,
           since
           that
           were
           to
           attempt
           Iliads
           after
           Homer
           ,
           and
           spoil
           a
           piece
           done
           already
           to
           the
           life
           by
           his
           own
           Pencil
           ,
           the
           works
           whereof
           do
           sufficiently
           
             praise
             him
             in
             the
             gates
          
           .
        
         
           All
           I
           aim
           at
           is
           ,
           to
           commend
           and
           promote
           your
           pious
           intention
           ,
           to
           give
           the
           World
           security
           ,
           by
           making
           these
           Papers
           publique
           ,
           that
           they
           shall
           never
           hereafter
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           any
           other
           hand
           to
           snatch
           them
           out
           of
           the
           fire
           ,
           a
           doom
           (
           you
           say
           )
           once
           written
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           Nor
           do
           I
           less
           approve
           your
           ingenuous
           prudence
           in
           determining
           to
           prefix
           no
           Name
           ,
           it
           being
           as
           laudable
           not
           to
           speak
           all
           the
           Truth
           sometimes
           ,
           as
           to
           forbear
           telling
           a
           Lie
           for
           advantage
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           (
           I
           confess
           )
           the
           mode
           of
           late
           to
           hang
           
             Jewels
             of
             Gold
          
           in
           a
           
             Swines
             snout
          
           ;
           I
           mean
           ,
           to
           stamp
           every
           impertinent
           Pamphlet
           with
           ▪
           some
           great
           Name
           ,
           or
           voluminous
           Title
           to
           make
           it
           vend
           the
           better
           
             (
             Laudat
             venales
             qui
             vult
             extrudere
             merces
             )
          
           at
           which
           the
           gul'd
           Reader
           repenting
           his
           prodigality
           of
           time
           and
           patience
           is
           forced
           to
           cry
           out
           all
           along
           ,
           
             Beaucoup
             de
             bruit
             ,
             peu
             de
             fruit
             ,
          
           and
           in
           the
           end
           sums
           up
           its
           just
           character
           in
           a
           few
           words
           ,
           
             Nil
             nisi
             magni
             nominis
             umbra
          
           .
        
         
           But
           yours
           is
           the
           only
           method
           to
           deal
           with
           wise
           and
           rational
           men
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           so
           easily
           taken
           with
           Chaff
           ,
           (
           the
           multitude
           or
           greatness
           of
           words
           
           and
           names
           )
           as
           with
           the
           true
           weight
           and
           worth
           of
           things
           .
        
         
           Yet
           let
           me
           tell
           you
           ,
           that
           whoever
           is
           not
           a
           meer
           stranger
           to
           your
           learned
           Authors
           former
           Tractates
           ,
           must
           needs
           spell
           his
           name
           in
           every
           page
           of
           this
           without
           any
           other
           Monitor
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           no
           farther
           trouble
           to
           give
           you
           ▪
           unless
           I
           should
           bespeak
           your
           vigilance
           over
           the
           Press
           ,
           which
           by
           her
           dayly
           teeming
           and
           inexpertness
           ,
           or
           (
           at
           least
           )
           negligence
           of
           the
           Midwife
           is
           went
           of
           late
           to
           spoil
           good
           births
           with
           monstrous
           deformities
           ,
           and
           unpardonable
           Errata
           ;
           so
           you
           will
           avoid
           a
           double
           guilt
           contracted
           by
           some
           without
           fear
           or
           wit
           ▪
           of
           abusing
           your
           critical
           Reader
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           and
           your
           most
           judiciously
           exact
           Writer
           on
           the
           other
           ▪
           and
           (
           if
           that
           may
           contribute
           any
           thing
           more
           )
           very
           much
           gratifie
           the
           most
           unworthy
           of
           his
           Admirers
           ▪
           and
        
         
           
             Your
             Friends
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Five
           Cases
           Determined
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             Of
             Marrying
             with
             a
             Recusant
             ,
             pag.
             1
          
           
             2.
             
             Of
             Unlawful
             Love
             ,
             15
          
           
             3.
             
             Of
             a
             Military
             Life
             ,
             57
          
           
             4.
             
             Of
             Scandal
             ,
             109
          
           
             5.
             
             Of
             a
             Bond
             taken
             in
             the
             Kings
             Name
             ,
             120
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           The
           CASE
           of
           Marrying
           with
           a
           Recusant
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           YOurs
           of
           Iuly
           the
           2
           d.
           I
           yesterday
           Iuly
           the
           6
           th
           .
           received
           .
           In
           Answer
           to
           the
           Contents
           whereof
           (
           desiring
           that
           my
           Services
           may
           withall
           be
           most
           humbly
           presented
           to
           my
           very
           much
           Honoured
           Lord
           )
           I
           return
           you
           what
           my
           present
           thoughts
           are
           concerning
           the
           particulars
           therein
           proposed
           .
           First
           ,
           For
           Marrying
           a
           Daughter
           to
           a
           Professed
           Papist
           (
           considered
           in
           Thesi
           ,
           and
           as
           to
           the
           point
           of
           Lawfulness
           only
           )
           I
           am
           so
           far
           from
           thinking
           the
           thing
           in
           it self
           to
           be
           simply
           ,
           and
           
             toto
             genere
          
           ,
           unlawful
           ;
           that
           I
           dare
           not
           condemn
           the
           Marriage
           of
           a
           Christian
           with
           a
           
           Pagan
           (
           much
           less
           with
           any
           other
           Christian
           of
           how
           different
           Perswasion
           soever
           )
           as
           simply
           evil
           and
           unlawful
           ,
           inasmuch
           as
           there
           be
           Causes
           imaginable
           ,
           wherein
           it
           may
           seem
           not
           only
           Lawful
           but
           Expedient
           also
           ,
           and
           (
           as
           the
           exigence
           of
           Circumstances
           may
           be
           supposed
           )
           little
           less
           then
           necessary
           so
           to
           Intermarry
           .
           But
           since
           things
           lawful
           in
           the
           General
           and
           in
           Thesi
           ,
           may
           become
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           inexpediency
           )
           unlawful
           
             pro
             hic
             &
             nunc
          
           ,
           and
           
             in
             Hypothesi
          
           to
           particular
           persons
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           expediency
           or
           inexpediency
           of
           any
           action
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           measured
           by
           the
           Worthiness
           of
           the
           end
           ,
           the
           conjuncture
           of
           present
           Circumstances
           ,
           and
           the
           probability
           of
           good
           or
           evill
           consequents
           and
           effects
           ,
           prudentially
           laid
           together
           ,
           and
           weighed
           one
           against
           another
           ;
           I
           conceive
           it
           altogether
           unsafe
           for
           a
           Conscientious
           
           Person
           (
           especially
           in
           a
           business
           of
           so
           great
           concernment
           ,
           as
           the
           Marrying
           of
           a
           Child
           )
           to
           proceed
           upon
           the
           General
           lawfulness
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           without
           due
           consideration
           of
           Circumstances
           ,
           and
           other
           requisits
           for
           the
           warranting
           of
           particular
           Actions
           .
           Now
           as
           for
           the
           Marriage
           of
           a
           Daughter
           with
           one
           of
           so
           different
           Perswasion
           (
           in
           point
           of
           Religion
           )
           as
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           joyn
           together
           in
           the
           same
           way
           of
           Gods
           worship
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           case
           of
           a
           Protestant
           and
           a
           Papist
           ,
           it
           is
           very
           rare
           to
           find
           such
           a
           concurrence
           of
           Circumstances
           ,
           as
           that
           a
           Man
           can
           thence
           be
           clearly
           satisfied
           in
           his
           Judgment
           (
           without
           just
           cause
           of
           doubting
           the
           contrary
           )
           that
           it
           can
           be
           expedient
           to
           conclude
           upon
           such
           a
           Marriage
           ;
           and
           how
           dangerous
           a
           thing
           it
           is
           to
           do
           any
           thing
           with
           a
           
             doubting
             conscience
          
           ,
           we
           may
           learn
           from
           Rom.
           14.
           13.
           
           For
           the
           
             evil
             consequents
          
           
           probably
           to
           ensue
           upon
           such
           Marriages
           ,
           are
           so
           many
           and
           great
           ,
           that
           the
           conveniences
           which
           men
           may
           promise
           to
           themselves
           from
           the
           same
           (
           if
           they
           should
           answer
           expectation
           ,
           as
           seldom
           they
           do
           to
           the
           full
           )
           laid
           in
           an
           equal
           ballance
           thereagainst
           ,
           would
           not
           turn
           the
           scale
           ;
           and
           in
           one
           respect
           the
           danger
           is
           greater
           to
           marry
           with
           a
           Papist
           ,
           then
           with
           one
           of
           a
           worse
           Religion
           ;
           for
           that
           the
           main
           principle
           of
           his
           Religion
           ,
           (
           as
           a
           Papist
           )
           is
           more
           destructive
           of
           the
           comfort
           of
           a
           Conjugal
           Society
           ,
           then
           are
           the
           Principles
           of
           most
           Heretiques
           ;
           yea
           then
           those
           of
           Pagans
           or
           Atheists
           ;
           for
           holding
           that
           there
           is
           no
           Salvability
           but
           in
           the
           Church
           ;
           and
           that
           none
           is
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           acknowledge
           Subjection
           to
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           ;
           it
           is
           not
           possible
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Husband
           must
           needs
           conclude
           his
           Wife
           to
           be
           
           in
           the
           
             state
             of
             Damnation
          
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           she
           continueth
           Protestant
           :
           whence
           one
           of
           these
           two
           great
           inconveniences
           will
           unavoidably
           follow
           ;
           that
           either
           he
           will
           use
           all
           endeavours
           ,
           engins
           ,
           and
           artifices
           ,
           to
           draw
           her
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           (
           as
           indeed
           who
           can
           blame
           him
           to
           bring
           his
           Wife
           into
           a
           capacity
           of
           everlasting
           salvation
           ?
           )
           the
           restless
           importunity
           whereof
           (
           together
           with
           the
           ill
           advantages
           they
           of
           that
           party
           can
           make
           from
           the
           sad
           Confusions
           that
           are
           amongst
           us
           in
           these
           times
           )
           it
           will
           be
           very
           hard
           for
           one
           of
           the
           weaker
           sex
           perpetually
           to
           resist
           ;
           or
           else
           in
           case
           she
           stand
           firm
           in
           her
           Religion
           against
           all
           Assaults
           and
           Attempts
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           whatsoever
           he
           may
           be
           towards
           her
           in
           outward
           carriage
           ,
           he
           cannot
           but
           in
           his
           inmost
           thoughts
           ,
           pass
           judgment
           upon
           her
           ,
           as
           an
           obstinate
           and
           desperate
           
           Heretique
           ,
           and
           (
           so
           living
           and
           dying
           )
           an
           accursed
           and
           damned
           Creature
           .
           These
           are
           sad
           things
           both
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           not
           conceiveable
           how
           a
           Woman
           so
           matched
           should
           live
           with
           any
           comfort
           ,
           or
           ever
           hope
           to
           see
           a
           good
           day
           ,
           wherein
           she
           shall
           not
           either
           be
           tempted
           from
           her
           Religion
           ,
           or
           censured
           for
           it
           ;
           what
           assurance
           can
           she
           have
           of
           his
           good
           affections
           towards
           her
           ,
           who
           is
           bound
           not
           to
           permit
           any
           better
           opinion
           of
           her
           ,
           then
           of
           a
           Reprobate
           and
           Castaway
           ?
           It
           is
           possible
           there
           may
           be
           so
           much
           good
           nature
           in
           the
           Husband
           as
           to
           take
           off
           somewhat
           from
           that
           rigidness
           ,
           which
           otherwise
           the
           Principles
           of
           his
           Religion
           would
           bind
           him
           to
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           discretion
           ,
           sweetness
           ,
           and
           obligingness
           in
           the
           Wives
           demeanour
           towards
           him
           ,
           as
           to
           preserve
           a
           good
           measure
           of
           Conjugal
           Affection
           between
           them
           ,
           notwithstanding
           
           their
           different
           perswasions
           :
           This
           I
           say
           ,
           is
           possible
           ;
           and
           where
           it
           happeneth
           so
           to
           be
           ,
           it
           rendereth
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           Parties
           so
           much
           the
           less
           uncomfortable
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           the
           utmost
           of
           the
           happiness
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           be
           hoped
           for
           from
           such
           Marriages
           :
           and
           I
           think
           there
           cannot
           be
           produced
           many
           examples
           thereof
           ;
           yet
           even
           there
           ,
           there
           cannot
           be
           that
           cordial
           Affection
           ,
           and
           fulness
           of
           Complacency
           (
           wherein
           yet
           the
           chiefest
           happiness
           of
           Conjugal
           Society
           consisteth
           )
           that
           would
           be
           ,
           if
           the
           same
           Parties
           (
           supposed
           to
           be
           of
           the
           same
           Qualifications
           otherwise
           )
           were
           also
           of
           the
           same
           Religion
           .
           I
           omit
           other
           oeconomical
           differences
           ,
           that
           may
           and
           very
           frequently
           do
           (
           occasionally
           )
           arise
           ,
           betwixt
           Husband
           and
           Wife
           from
           this
           difference
           in
           Religion
           ,
           as
           concerning
           the
           Entertainment
           of
           
           Friends
           ,
           the
           choice
           of
           Servants
           ,
           the
           education
           of
           Children
           (
           very
           considerable
           things
           all
           )
           besides
           sundry
           others
           perhaps
           of
           less
           moment
           ;
           yet
           such
           as
           are
           apt
           to
           breed
           Discontents
           and
           Jealousies
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           break
           out
           into
           great
           Distempers
           in
           the
           Family
           :
           Such
           Marriages
           therefore
           I
           should
           utterly
           disswade
           ;
           especially
           in
           the
           
             Nobility
             ,
             Gentry
          
           ,
           and
           Commonalty
           ,
           where
           there
           is
           choice
           enough
           otherwise
           to
           be
           had
           of
           Persons
           of
           equal
           Degree
           ,
           Estate
           ,
           and
           Education
           of
           the
           same
           Religion
           to
           match
           withall
           :
           Kings
           and
           Princes
           for
           reasons
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           because
           there
           is
           little
           choice
           of
           Persons
           of
           equal
           Dignity
           with
           themselves
           ,
           are
           therefore
           oftentimes
           by
           a
           kind
           of
           Necessity
           ,
           put
           upon
           such
           Marriages
           ;
           yet
           even
           there
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           certainly
           the
           most
           excusable
           ,
           it
           hath
           been
           observed
           that
           such
           Marriages
           
           have
           proved
           for
           the
           most
           part
           unfortunate
           .
        
         
           The
           other
           Particular
           proposed
           in
           your
           Letter
           is
           concerning
           the
           
             Marriage
             of
             a
             Daughter
             to
             one
             that
             Professeth
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             but
             having
             had
             Popish
             Parents
             ,
             may
             be
             suspected
             (
             though
             he
             deny
             it
             )
             to
             be
             that
             way
             inclined
             .
          
           The
           resolution
           whereof
           (
           as
           of
           most
           other
           Cases
           and
           
             Practical
             Questions
          
           )
           will
           depend
           very
           much
           upon
           the
           consideration
           of
           Circumstances
           ,
           whereunto
           being
           altogether
           a
           stanger
           ,
           I
           am
           lesse
           able
           to
           give
           Judgement
           in
           the
           Case
           with
           any
           certainty
           ;
           only
           in
           order
           to
           the
           resolution
           of
           the
           Question
           ,
           these
           (
           to
           my
           understanding
           )
           seem
           to
           be
           the
           most
           proper
           and
           important
           Enquiries
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           Whether
           the
           Parents
           of
           the
           young
           Person
           be
           living
           or
           no
           ,
           one
           or
           both
           ?
           if
           both
           be
           dead
           ,
           the
           temptations
           
           from
           them
           (
           which
           in
           such
           Cases
           are
           wont
           to
           prevail
           very
           much
           )
           are
           by
           their
           Death
           clearly
           superseded
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           danger
           is
           by
           so
           much
           lesse
           :
           but
           if
           either
           be
           living
           ,
           there
           can
           be
           little
           security
           of
           the
           Sons
           continuance
           in
           the
           
             Protestants
             belief
          
           ,
           (
           notwithstanding
           his
           present
           profession
           thereof
           )
           when
           he
           shall
           be
           assaulted
           with
           the
           
             whole
             authority
          
           of
           them
           to
           whom
           he
           oweth
           reverence
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           With
           what
           degree
           of
           confidence
           ,
           and
           with
           what
           kind
           of
           asseverations
           he
           professeth
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           denieth
           the
           
             other
             Religion
          
           ;
           for
           although
           they
           that
           out
           of
           design
           put
           on
           a
           counterfeit
           vizor
           ,
           use
           all
           the
           art
           they
           can
           to
           dissemble
           it
           ;
           yet
           very
           seldom
           can
           it
           be
           done
           so
           
             cunningly
             ,
             waringly
          
           ,
           and
           constantly
           ,
           but
           that
           at
           some
           time
           or
           other
           ,
           the
           dissimulation
           will
           unawares
           bewray
           it self
           to
           the
           eye
           of
           a
           
             curious
             observer
          
           .
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           What
           measure
           of
           understanding
           the
           young
           Person
           (
           who
           is
           you
           say
           of
           
             great
             Abilities
          
           for
           his
           Age
           )
           hath
           in
           the
           
             Fundamental
             Articles
          
           of
           the
           
             Christian
             Religion
          
           ;
           those
           I
           mean
           ,
           wherein
           the
           English
           and
           
             Romish
             Churches
          
           are
           at
           agreement
           ,
           for
           in
           those
           the
           substance
           of
           Christianity
           consisteth
           ;
           he
           that
           rightly
           understands
           those
           
             Catholique
             Truths
          
           taught
           in
           the
           Catechisms
           of
           both
           Churches
           ,
           and
           concerning
           which
           all
           Christendom
           (
           in
           a
           manner
           )
           are
           at
           a
           
             perfect
             accord
          
           ;
           and
           then
           will
           but
           suffer
           himself
           to
           consider
           ,
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           doth
           not
           impose
           upon
           the
           judgments
           and
           consciences
           of
           her
           Members
           ,
           any
           thing
           to
           be
           believed
           ,
           or
           received
           ,
           as
           of
           necessity
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           then
           what
           is
           
             truly
             Catholique
          
           ,
           and
           by
           her
           Adversaries
           confessed
           so
           to
           be
           ;
           and
           consequently
           that
           the
           difference
           betwixt
           her
           and
           the
           
             Romish
             Party
          
           ,
           is
           wholly
           about
           those
           
           Additionals
           or
           Superstructures
           ,
           which
           they
           of
           the
           
             Roman
             faith
          
           require
           to
           be
           believed
           ,
           and
           received
           with
           like
           necessity
           as
           the
           former
           ;
           but
           appear
           to
           us
           of
           this
           
             Church
             respectively
          
           ,
           either
           
             evidently
             false
          
           ,
           or
           of
           
             doubtful
             truth
             ▪
          
           or
           not
           of
           
             absolute
             necessity
          
           to
           be
           believed
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           whosoever
           well
           considereth
           this
           ,
           may
           rest
           satisfied
           in
           his
           judgment
           and
           conscience
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Faith
             taught
          
           and
           professed
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           is
           a
           plain
           and
           
             safe
             way
          
           to
           lead
           a
           
             Christian
             Believer
          
           to
           
             Eternal
             Salvation
          
           ,
           if
           he
           withal
           lead
           his
           life
           and
           conversation
           answerable
           thereunto
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           last
           particular
           in
           your
           Letter
           ,
           all
           the
           return
           I
           have
           to
           make
           is
           no
           more
           ,
           but
           an
           humble
           acknowlegement
           and
           sense
           of
           his
           Lordships
           noble
           favours
           towards
           me
           ,
           in
           entertaining
           an
           opinion
           of
           me
           more
           suitable
           to
           his
           own
           goodness
           and
           ingenuity
           ,
           then
           to
           
           my
           merit
           :
           I
           know
           not
           ,
           nor
           desire
           to
           know
           of
           any
           occasions
           likely
           to
           draw
           me
           into
           those
           parts
           so
           distant
           from
           me
           (
           being
           grown
           into
           years
           ,
           and
           infirmities
           ,
           that
           render
           me
           very
           unfit
           for
           long
           Journies
           )
           unless
           the
           business
           of
           my
           
             Sons
             Marriage
          
           ,
           which
           occasion'd
           my
           late
           Journey
           to
           London
           ,
           require
           a
           second
           thither
           in
           
             Michaelmass
             Term.
          
           But
           I
           am
           so
           sensible
           both
           of
           the
           trouble
           and
           charge
           of
           such
           Journies
           (
           besides
           some
           inconveniences
           to
           my
           affaires
           at
           home
           ,
           whilest
           I
           am
           long
           absent
           )
           that
           I
           will
           avoid
           it
           ,
           unless
           there
           be
           no
           other
           remedy
           :
           I
           shall
           not
           
             willingly
             decline
          
           any
           employment
           (
           within
           my
           low
           and
           narrow
           sphere
           ,
           both
           of
           outward
           condition
           and
           parts
           )
           wherein
           my
           service
           may
           be
           any
           wayes
           useful
           or
           but
           acceptable
           ,
           to
           that
           noble
           and
           
             excellent
             Person
          
           ;
           but
           truly
           Sir
           ,
           I
           conceive
           there
           will
           be
           little
           need
           of
           my
           
           further
           endeavours
           ,
           as
           to
           that
           particular
           expressed
           in
           yours
           ,
           whether
           what
           I
           have
           written
           now
           give
           satisfaction
           ,
           or
           not
           ;
           there
           are
           persons
           nearer
           hand
           ,
           whom
           I
           know
           to
           be
           
             much
             fitter
          
           for
           an
           employment
           of
           that
           nature
           ,
           then
           myself
           ,
           who
           have
           ever
           studied
           Peace
           more
           then
           Controversies
           ;
           and
           namely
           one
           at
           the
           next
           door
           to
           
             Hatton
             House
          
           ,
           whose
           sufficiency
           and
           readiness
           in
           that
           kind
           is
           well
           know
           to
           Mr.
           
             Geofery
             Palmer
          
           :
           Sir
           ,
           I
           wish
           you
           happiness
           ,
           desire
           your
           prayers
           ,
           and
           rest
           ,
        
         
           
             
               Iuly
               7.
               1656.
               
            
          
           
             Your
             faithful
             and
             humble
             Servant
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           CASE
           of
           UNLAWFUL
           LOVE
           .
        
         
           TWo
           Gentlemen
           who
           were
           very
           good
           Friends
           ,
           and
           both
           of
           them
           Maried
           ,
           used
           to
           converse
           together
           familiarly
           ;
           one
           of
           these
           took
           a
           special
           liking
           in
           the
           company
           and
           conversation
           of
           the
           others
           Wife
           ,
           and
           she
           answerably
           in
           his
           ;
           which
           afterwards
           proceeded
           to
           some
           degree
           of
           Love
           ;
           which
           though
           ever
           restrained
           ,
           and
           preserved
           without
           any
           violation
           of
           Chastity
           ,
           grew
           yet
           in
           the
           end
           to
           this
           issue
           ,
           that
           they
           mutually
           vowed
           either
           to
           other
           ,
           that
           if
           happily
           either
           of
           them
           should
           at
           any
           time
           be
           freed
           from
           the
           Bond
           of
           Matrimony
           (
           either
           he
           by
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Wife
           ,
           or
           she
           by
           the
           death
           of
           her
           Husband
           )
           that
           party
           so
           freed
           should
           
           continue
           afterwards
           unmarryed
           ,
           and
           stay
           for
           the
           other
           ,
           till
           the
           other
           should
           be
           freed
           also
           ,
           though
           it
           were
           during
           life
           :
           Now
           so
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           this
           Gentlewomans
           Husband
           died
           ,
           and
           her
           affections
           and
           resolution
           so
           altered
           ,
           that
           gladly
           she
           would
           Marry
           ,
           if
           she
           might
           be
           released
           of
           the
           Engagement
           of
           that
           Vow
           ;
           or
           perswaded
           of
           the
           unlawfulness
           or
           nullity
           thereof
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           present
           Case
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           propounded
           ,
           sundry
           Points
           are
           needful
           to
           be
           resolved
           ,
           that
           so
           we
           give
           a
           right
           judgment
           
             de
             praeterito
          
           ,
           of
           what
           is
           already
           done
           for
           the
           time
           past
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Gentlewomans
           
             former
             promise
          
           ,
           and
           sound
           direction
           also
           
             de
             futuro
          
           ,
           which
           is
           further
           to
           be
           done
           for
           the
           time
           to
           come
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           her
           present
           distresses
           .
        
         
           
           
             Point
             I.
             
          
           
             §
             .
             1.
             
             First
             of
             all
             ,
             It
             is
             considerable
             ,
             whether
             the
             promise
             made
             by
             the
             Gentlewoman
             and
             her
             friend
             ,
             were
             properly
             a
             Vow
             or
             no
             ?
             so
             it
             is
             called
             in
             the
             proposal
             of
             the
             present
             Case
             ,
             and
             that
             agreeable
             to
             the
             common
             use
             of
             speech
             with
             us
             here
             in
             England
             ,
             who
             extend
             the
             word
             
               [
               Vow
            
             ]
             very
             far
             ;
             neither
             shall
             I
             make
             scruple
             in
             the
             ensuing
             Discourse
             ,
             sometimes
             to
             call
             it
             so
             ;
             for
             
               Loquendum
               ut
               Vulgus
            
             .
             But
             to
             speak
             properly
             ,
             a
             Vow
             is
             a
             word
             of
             a
             narrower
             extent
             then
             a
             Promise
             ,
             every
             Vow
             being
             indeed
             a
             Promise
             ,
             but
             not
             every
             Promise
             necessarily
             a
             Vow
             ;
             a
             Promises
             may
             be
             made
             indifferently
             ,
             either
             to
             God
             or
             Men
             ;
             but
             Promises
             made
             to
             Men
             are
             no
             Vows
             :
             wherefore
             it
             is
             usually
             inserted
             into
             the
             definition
             of
             a
             Vow
             ,
             as
             a
             condition
             
             b
             
               essentially
               requisite
            
             thereunto
             ,
             that
             it
             be
             made
             unto
             God
             alone
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             to
             make
             a
             Vow
             to
             any
             Creature
             ,
             is
             interpretative
             to
             exalt
             the
             Creature
             into
             the
             place
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             make
             it
             an
             Idol
             ,
             which
             is
             clear
             not
             only
             from
             the
             express
             c
             precept
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             constant
             d
             examples
             of
             
               godly
               men
            
             ,
             and
             the
             usual
             e
             phrases
             of
             the
             
               Holy
               Ghost
            
             in
             the
             Scriptures
             ;
             but
             also
             from
             the
             
               universal
               consent
            
             of
             all
             
               learned
               men
            
             ,
             both
             Divines
             and
             others
             ,
             and
             even
             of
             f
             Heathens
             also
             :
             This
             Gentlewomans
             promise
             then
             being
             made
             to
             the
             Gentleman
             her
             Friend
             alone
             ,
             as
             was
             his
             also
             to
             her
             ,
             and
             neither
             of
             both
             to
             God
             ,
             is
             therefore
             to
             be
             taken
             for
             a
             
               meer
               Promise
            
             ;
             but
             no
             Vow
             .
          
           
           
             §
             .
             2.
             
             If
             for
             more
             confirmation
             thereof
             ,
             she
             bound
             herself
             also
             by
             Oath
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             not
             unlike
             ,
             yet
             is
             it
             no
             more
             for
             all
             that
             but
             a
             
               meer
               promise
            
             still
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             Vow
             ;
             for
             albeit
             the
             very
             using
             of
             an
             Oath
             be
             a
             
               calling
               in
               of
               God
            
             into
             a
             business
             ,
             and
             the
             person
             that
             taketh
             an
             Oath
             doth
             thereby
             set
             himself
             in
             the
             
               presence
               of
               God
            
             ;
             yet
             an
             Oath
             calleth
             him
             in
             only
             to
             be
             a
             a
             witness
             ,
             without
             any
             intent
             to
             make
             him
             a
             party
             to
             the
             business
             ,
             whereas
             in
             a
             Vow
             he
             is
             made
             a
             party
             and
             not
             only
             a
             witness
             ;
             whereunto
             agree
             those
             formes
             so
             frequent
             in
             
               holy
               Scripture
            
             ,
             in
             Oaths
             both
             assertory
             ,
             and
             stipulatory
             ;
             b
             
               The
               Lord
               be
               witness
               between
               us
               :
            
             c
             
               God
               is
               my
               witness
            
             :
             d
             
               I
               take
               God
               to
               Record
            
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             :
             
             for
             even
             as
             when
             a
             promise
             is
             made
             unto
             God
             ,
             whereunto
             for
             the
             more
             solemnity
             ,
             the
             presence
             of
             some
             men
             is
             required
             as
             witnesses
             ,
             such
             a
             Promise
             is
             to
             be
             held
             for
             a
             Vow
             ;
             because
             it
             is
             made
             to
             God
             alone
             ,
             although
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             Men
             :
             So
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             when
             a
             Promise
             is
             made
             unto
             
               some
               Man
            
             ,
             whereunto
             for
             the
             
               more
               assurance
            
             ,
             the
             presence
             of
             God
             is
             required
             as
             a
             witness
             ,
             such
             a
             Promise
             is
             not
             to
             be
             held
             for
             a
             Vow
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             made
             unto
             Man
             alone
             ,
             although
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             God.
             
          
           
             §
             .
             3.
             
             Nay
             further
             ,
             if
             the
             Gentlewoman
             when
             she
             thus
             engaged
             her self
             ,
             did
             use
             these
             very
             words
             
               [
               I
               VOW
               TO
               GOD
            
             ]
             or
             words
             to
             that
             effect
             ,
             as
             we
             know
             is
             often
             done
             in
             
               solemn
               Promises
            
             ,
             between
             Man
             and
             Man
             ;
             yet
             neither
             is
             that
             sufficient
             to
             make
             it
             properly
             a
             Vow
             ;
             for
             to
             judge
             rightly
             when
             Question
             is
             made
             ,
             concerning
             
             any
             particular
             promise
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             a
             Vow
             yea
             or
             no
             ;
             we
             are
             not
             to
             be
             guided
             so
             much
             by
             the
             formes
             of
             speech
             ,
             (
             which
             are
             subject
             to
             change
             ,
             impropriety
             ,
             and
             many
             defects
             )
             as
             by
             the
             true
             intention
             and
             purpose
             of
             the
             parties
             ,
             especially
             the
             Promiser
             .
             Now
             what
             was
             the
             whole
             intent
             and
             purpose
             of
             these
             Parties
             ,
             when
             they
             mutually
             bound
             themselves
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             
               Case
               propounded
            
             is
             laid
             down
             ,
             no
             reasonable
             man
             can
             be
             ignorant
             ;
             even
             this
             and
             no
             other
             ,
             to
             give
             as
             good
             assurance
             as
             they
             could
             devise
             ,
             either
             to
             other
             ,
             and
             to
             receive
             the
             like
             assurance
             again
             ,
             that
             the
             thing
             by
             them
             
               agreed
               on
            
             and
             promised
             ,
             should
             be
             
               faithfully
               performed
            
             ;
             and
             if
             either
             Oaths
             or
             Protestations
             ,
             were
             also
             used
             by
             way
             of
             Confirmation
             ,
             they
             are
             all
             in
             
               common
               intendment
            
             to
             be
             taken
             as
             tending
             to
             the
             
               self
               same
               purpose
            
             ,
             without
             looking
             at
             
             any
             further
             thing
             ;
             and
             clearly
             where
             the
             Promiser
             hath
             no
             intention
             to
             bind
             himself
             to
             God
             ,
             but
             to
             Man
             only
             ,
             the
             Promise
             so
             made
             is
             no
             Vow
             ,
             whatsoever
             
               formality
               of
               words
            
             may
             be
             used
             in
             the
             making
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             4.
             
             Neither
             is
             the
             examination
             of
             this
             Point
             a
             curiosity
             either
             in
             it
             
               self
               fruitless
            
             ,
             or
             impertinent
             to
             the
             
               Case
               in
               hand
            
             ;
             for
             albeit
             ,
             in
             that
             which
             seemeth
             to
             be
             the
             very
             
               main
               point
            
             of
             all
             ,
             
               viz.
               the
               power
               of
               binding
               the
               Conscience
               ,
            
             there
             be
             no
             
               material
               difference
            
             between
             a
             Vow
             and
             an
             
               ordinary
               Promise
            
             ;
             a
             
               lawfull
               Promise
            
             no
             less
             binding
             unto
             performance
             ,
             than
             a
             
               lawfull
               Vow
            
             ;
             and
             an
             
               unlawfull
               Vow
            
             no
             more
             binding
             than
             an
             
               unlawfull
               Promise
            
             :
             yet
             there
             is
             some
             difference
             between
             them
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             
               some
               importance
               too
            
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             relaxation
             of
             that
             Bond
             ;
             for
             since
             it
             belongeth
             to
             him
             to
             whom
             a
             bond
             
             is
             made
             ,
             to
             grant
             a
             release
             thereof
             :
             It
             belongeth
             therefore
             to
             
               God
               alone
            
             to
             release
             the
             obligation
             of
             a
             Vow
             ;
             and
             no
             man
             hath
             power
             so
             to
             do
             ,
             because
             the
             Vower
             by
             his
             Vow
             ,
             bindeth
             himself
             to
             God
             ,
             not
             to
             Man
             :
             whereas
             the
             obligation
             of
             a
             
               meer
               Promise
            
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Promiser
             bindeth
             himself
             but
             to
             
               some
               Man
            
             ,
             may
             be
             released
             by
             
               that
               Man
            
             ;
             and
             a
             release
             from
             him
             is
             to
             the
             conscience
             of
             the
             Promiser
             a
             
               sufficient
               discharge
            
             from
             the
             said
             obligation
             :
             which
             Consideration
             of
             what
             use
             it
             will
             be
             in
             the
             
               present
               Case
            
             ,
             will
             in
             the
             due
             place
             further
             appear
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             have
             
               evidently
               proved
            
             ,
             that
             this
             Gentlewoman
             
               bound
               her self
            
             by
             Promise
             only
             ,
             and
             not
             by
             Vow
             .
          
        
         
           
             Point
             II.
             
          
           
             §
             .
             5.
             
             We
             are
             next
             to
             enquire
             concerning
             the
             validity
             thereof
             ,
             whether
             
             or
             no
             the
             Gentlewoman
             a
             
               having
               an
            
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Husband
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             were
             so
             disabled
             in
             that
             respect
             from
             making
             such
             a
             promise
             ,
             that
             the
             promise
             then
             made
             by
             her
             ,
             without
             the
             
               Husbands
               consent
            
             ,
             was
             
               utterly
               void
            
             from
             the
             very
             beginning
             :
             For
             the
             Wife
             is
             under
             b
             
               the
               Law
            
             ,
             and
             c
             
               under
               the
               power
               of
               her
               Husband
               ,
            
             and
             so
             is
             not
             
               sui
               juris
            
             ,
             nor
             can
             bind
             her self
             by
             
               Vow
               ,
               Oath
               ,
               Promise
            
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             without
             the
             privity
             and
             consent
             of
             her
             Husband
             ,
             which
             consent
             we
             may
             presume
             this
             Gentlewoman
             never
             had
             ,
             the
             promise
             being
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             that
             it
             had
             been
             not
             only
             immodesty
             ,
             but
             even
             madness
             ,
             at
             all
             to
             have
             sought
             it
             .
             And
             it
             is
             certain
             from
             the
             d
             
               Law
               of
               God
            
             ,
             by
             Moses
             (
             to
             the
             equity
             whereof
             Christians
             are
             still
             bound
             ,
             because
             it
             's
             founded
             
             upon
             
               right
               Reason
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               light
               of
               Nature
            
             )
             that
             every
             Vow
             and
             Promise
             made
             by
             a
             person
             that
             of
             right
             hath
             not
             power
             to
             make
             it
             ,
             is
             
               de
               jure
               nullum
            
             ,
             altogether
             void
             from
             the
             first
             instant
             ,
             and
             bindeth
             the
             Party
             no
             more
             then
             if
             it
             never
             had
             been
             made
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             6.
             
             If
             any
             Scruple
             shall
             arise
             from
             this
             Consideration
             ,
             that
             albeit
             the
             promise
             made
             by
             the
             Wife
             in
             her
             Husbands
             life
             time
             ,
             bind
             her
             not
             without
             his
             consent
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             he
             liveth
             ,
             because
             she
             is
             all
             that
             while
             under
             his
             power
             ;
             vet
             after
             that
             she
             is
             loosed
             from
             the
             
               law
               of
               her
               Husband
            
             by
             his
             death
             ,
             it
             shall
             thenceforth
             bind
             her
             ,
             because
             she
             then
             becometh
             
               sui
               juris
            
             :
             I
             say
             ,
             this
             maketh
             no
             difference
             at
             all
             in
             the
             Case
             ;
             for
             this
             is
             a
             
               general
               Rule
            
             ,
             that
             what
             b
             
               act
               soever
               had
               a
               nullity
               in
               it
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               when
               it
               
               was
               done
               ,
               cannot
               by
               any
               succeeding
               tract
               of
               time
               grow
               to
               be
               of
               force
               .
            
             As
             if
             a
             young
             Scholar
             shall
             be
             instituted
             to
             a
             Benefice
             ,
             being
             not
             of
             
               lawful
               years
            
             ;
             or
             a
             young
             Heir
             make
             a
             sale
             of
             his
             Lands
             during
             minority
             ,
             the
             institution
             and
             the
             sale
             as
             they
             were
             both
             void
             at
             the
             beginning
             ,
             so
             they
             shall
             continue
             void
             ,
             as
             well
             after
             the
             Clerk
             is
             of
             
               lawful
               years
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Heir
             at
             full
             age
             ,
             as
             before
             ;
             so
             that
             to
             judge
             of
             the
             validity
             of
             any
             
               Vow
               ,
               Promise
            
             ,
             or
             Covenant
             ,
             respect
             must
             be
             had
             to
             c
             that
             
               very
               time
            
             wherein
             it
             was
             made
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             
               present
               condition
            
             of
             the
             person
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             any
             time
             or
             
               condition
               before
            
             or
             after
             :
             If
             then
             there
             were
             indeed
             ,
             a
             nullity
             in
             this
             Gentlewomans
             Vow
             ,
             at
             the
             time
             when
             she
             
               made
               it
            
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             nullity
             in
             it
             still
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             were
             indeed
             of
             no
             force
             to
             bind
             her
             
             then
             ,
             neither
             is
             it
             of
             any
             force
             to
             bind
             her
             now
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             7.
             
             But
             after
             due
             pondering
             of
             the
             matter
             ,
             I
             rather
             think
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             not
             a
             nullity
             in
             the
             promise
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             neither
             (
             supposing
             it
             had
             been
             rightly
             qualified
             in
             other
             respects
             )
             was
             it
             void
             upon
             this
             ground
             ;
             because
             although
             she
             were
             not
             
               sui
               juris
               absolute
            
             ,
             it
             is
             sufficient
             yet
             ,
             that
             she
             was
             so
             
               quantum
               ad
               hoc
            
             .
             For
             a
             person
             that
             is
             under
             the
             power
             of
             another
             ,
             hath
             yet
             
               power
               of
               himself
            
             ,
             (
             and
             so
             is
             
               sui
               juris
            
             )
             to
             dispose
             of
             all
             such
             things
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             
               free
               disposal
            
             whereof
             ,
             the
             
               proper
               right
            
             of
             him
             ,
             under
             whose
             power
             he
             is
             ,
             is
             no
             way
             prejudiced
             ;
             but
             in
             whatsoever
             may
             be
             prejudicial
             to
             the
             other
             in
             any
             of
             his
             Rights
             ,
             he
             is
             
               juris
               alieni
            
             :
             neither
             may
             dispose
             thereof
             without
             the
             
               others
               consent
            
             ;
             and
             if
             such
             a
             person
             shall
             make
             a
             vow
             ,
             or
             other
             promise
             concerning
             any
             
             of
             
               those
               things
            
             ,
             wherein
             he
             is
             
               sui
               juris
            
             ,
             such
             vow
             or
             promise
             shall
             
               stand
               good
            
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             void
             (
             though
             possibly
             it
             may
             be
             vitious
             in
             other
             respects
             )
             from
             the
             inability
             of
             the
             person
             that
             
               maketh
               it
            
             :
             As
             for
             example
             ,
             if
             a
             Servant
             shall
             promise
             to
             his
             
               own
               Father
            
             to
             work
             with
             him
             a
             day
             or
             two
             in
             Harvest
             ,
             this
             promise
             unless
             his
             Master
             consent
             thereunto
             ,
             shall
             be
             void
             ,
             because
             the
             Master
             hath
             a
             right
             in
             the
             
               Servants
               work
            
             ,
             to
             which
             right
             it
             would
             be
             prejudicial
             if
             the
             Servant
             should
             dispose
             thereof
             after
             his
             own
             pleasure
             ;
             but
             if
             such
             a
             Servant
             shall
             promise
             unto
             his
             
               needy
               Father
            
             to
             relieve
             him
             from
             time
             to
             time
             with
             a
             third
             or
             
               fourth
               part
            
             of
             all
             such
             wages
             as
             he
             shall
             receive
             for
             his
             service
             ,
             this
             promise
             shall
             be
             
               good
               of
               it self
            
             ;
             neither
             shall
             the
             
               Masters
               consent
            
             be
             requisite
             to
             make
             it
             so
             ,
             because
             the
             Master
             hath
             no
             Right
             at
             at
             all
             in
             
             the
             
               Servants
               wages
            
             ;
             wherein
             to
             be
             prejudiced
             by
             the
             
               Servants
               disposing
            
             thereof
             according
             to
             his
             own
             mind
             :
             Now
             forasmuch
             as
             the
             
               Husbands
               right
            
             and
             power
             over
             the
             
               Wife
               ceaseth
            
             together
             with
             his
             life
             ,
             (
             as
             the
             Apostle
             a
             expresly
             teacheth
             )
             and
             so
             cannot
             be
             prejudiced
             by
             any
             act
             of
             the
             Wife
             done
             after
             his
             Decease
             ;
             It
             is
             manifest
             that
             the
             Wife
             is
             
               sui
               juris
            
             to
             make
             a
             vow
             or
             promise
             during
             her
             Husbands
             
               life
               time
            
             ,
             concerning
             something
             to
             be
             done
             after
             his
             decease
             ,
             in
             case
             she
             overlive
             him
             ,
             because
             his
             right
             will
             be
             expired
             before
             the
             performance
             of
             the
             said
             vow
             or
             promise
             be
             due
             ;
             as
             to
             give
             instance
             in
             a
             Case
             not
             much
             unlike
             to
             this
             in
             question
             ;
             A
             Wife
             estated
             upon
             her
             Marriage
             in
             a
             Iointure
             or
             Annuity
             for
             her
             life
             of
             an
             100
             
               l.
               per
               annum
            
             ,
             maketh
             a
             promise
             in
             
             her
             Husbands
             
               life
               time
            
             to
             one
             of
             her
             
               younger
               Brothers
            
             ,
             that
             hath
             but
             short
             Means
             ,
             to
             allow
             him
             thence
             forward
             out
             of
             the
             said
             
               Estate
               ,
               10
               l.
            
             yearly
             toward
             his
             better
             Maintenance
             ;
             this
             promise
             is
             void
             unless
             the
             Husband
             consent
             ,
             because
             the
             performance
             thereof
             would
             prejudice
             him
             in
             that
             right
             which
             he
             hath
             during
             his
             own
             life
             in
             the
             Revenue
             of
             all
             the
             Lands
             and
             Annuities
             estated
             upon
             the
             Wife
             in
             Reversion
             ;
             but
             if
             such
             a
             Wife
             shall
             promise
             to
             her
             said
             Brother
             to
             allow
             him
             the
             said
             yearly
             sum
             of
             10
             l.
             after
             the
             decease
             of
             her
             Husband
             ,
             in
             case
             she
             survive
             him
             ,
             this
             promise
             is
             good
             ,
             though
             made
             by
             the
             Wife
             in
             her
             Husbands
             
               life
               time
            
             ,
             and
             without
             his
             consent
             ,
             because
             the
             Husbands
             right
             (
             being
             to
             cease
             before
             the
             Promise
             is
             to
             be
             performed
             )
             cannot
             be
             prejudiced
             by
             the
             performance
             thereof
             :
             
             And
             this
             I
             find
             agreeable
             to
             the
             
               best
               Casuists
            
             ,
             whose
             peremptory
             opinion
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             b
             
               Husbands
               and
               Masters
               cannot
               disannul
               such
            
             Vows
             
               as
               their
               Wives
               and
               Servants
               make
               concerning
               things
               to
               be
               performed
               at
               such
               times
               ;
               as
               they
               shall
               be
               from
               under
               their
               power
               .
            
             Which
             position
             if
             it
             be
             true
             (
             and
             I
             yet
             see
             no
             reason
             why
             it
             should
             not
             )
             then
             doubtless
             this
             Gentlewomans
             Vow
             made
             to
             
               her
               friend
            
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             
               life
               time
            
             ,
             and
             without
             the
             consent
             of
             her
             Husband
             ,
             was
             not
             
               originally
               void
            
             from
             the
             inability
             to
             make
             it
             ,
             upon
             this
             respect
             ;
             that
             she
             was
             not
             
               sui
               juris
            
             so
             to
             do
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Point
             III.
             
          
           
             §
             .
             8.
             
             But
             though
             I
             dare
             not
             say
             ,
             neither
             do
             I
             think
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             a
             nullity
             in
             it
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             person
             ,
             to
             make
             it
             void
             that
             way
             ;
             yet
             it
             cannot
             be
             denied
             ,
             but
             there
             was
             much
             obliquity
             in
             it
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             matter
             ,
             to
             make
             it
             otherwise
             
               utterly
               unlawful
            
             :
             in
             which
             Point
             much
             need
             not
             be
             said
             ,
             because
             the
             truth
             thereof
             will
             soon
             appear
             ;
             for
             there
             was
             in
             it
             manifestly
             a
             
               threefold
               obliquity
            
             ,
             and
             thereby
             also
             a
             breach
             of
             
               three
               several
               Commandements
            
             .
             The
             
               first
               obliquity
            
             was
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             
               unlawful
               affection
            
             from
             which
             it
             proceeded
             ;
             which
             being
             placed
             upon
             another
             than
             the
             Husband
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             such
             a
             
               high
               degree
            
             ,
             as
             to
             produce
             a
             promise
             of
             this
             kind
             ,
             must
             needs
             be
             vitious
             ,
             both
             for
             the
             object
             and
             for
             the
             measure
             ,
             and
             
             such
             
               inordinate
               affection
            
             by
             the
             Analogy
             of
             our
             Saviours
             a
             expression
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             is
             a
             violation
             of
             the
             Chastity
             of
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             so
             a
             breach
             of
             the
             
               Seventh
               Commandement
            
             .
             The
             
               Second
               obliquity
            
             was
             ,
             the
             want
             of
             that
             true
             
               conjugal
               love
            
             which
             ought
             to
             be
             between
             Husband
             and
             Wife
             ,
             who
             ought
             to
             have
             a
             mutual
             b
             complacency
             and
             delight
             the
             one
             in
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             c
             satisfied
             at
             all
             times
             with
             the
             
               Love
               ,
               Comfort
            
             ,
             and
             Society
             of
             the
             one
             of
             the
             other
             ;
             which
             Love
             if
             it
             had
             been
             so
             throughly
             rooted
             and
             seated
             in
             the
             Gentlewomans
             heart
             ,
             as
             it
             ought
             to
             have
             been
             ,
             would
             have
             crushed
             all
             motions
             of
             
               unlawful
               affection
            
             towards
             a
             Stranger
             in
             the
             shell
             ,
             long
             before
             they
             could
             grow
             to
             such
             
               strong
               Resolutions
            
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             making
             of
             this
             vow
             it
             appeareth
             they
             did
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             :
             
             not
             to
             be
             imagined
             that
             such
             a
             vow
             as
             this
             could
             be
             made
             ,
             and
             really
             intended
             to
             be
             performed
             ,
             but
             we
             must
             needs
             suppose
             in
             the
             parties
             so
             vowing
             ,
             a
             kind
             of
             weariness
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             if
             not
             rather
             some
             
               inward
               loathing
            
             of
             the
             present
             Yoak
             ;
             which
             being
             contrary
             to
             that
             honour
             thst
             Marryed
             persons
             owe
             to
             their
             
               yoak
               fellows
            
             ,
             is
             so
             a
             breach
             of
             the
             
               Fifth
               Commandement
            
             ,
             A
             
               Third
               obliquity
            
             there
             was
             also
             as
             a
             breach
             of
             the
             
               Tenth
               Commandement
            
             ,
             against
             those
             expresse
             words
             
               [
               Thou
               shalt
               not
               covet
               thy
               Neighbours
               Wife
               ]
            
             every
             Man
             and
             Woman
             being
             to
             content
             themselves
             with
             that
             lot
             ,
             which
             by
             Gods
             Providence
             hath
             befallen
             them
             ,
             as
             in
             all
             other
             things
             ,
             so
             especially
             in
             that
             which
             is
             of
             the
             
               greatest
               weight
            
             ,
             the
             lot
             of
             Marriage
             ,
             without
             coveting
             or
             
               lusting
               after
            
             that
             which
             it
             hath
             pleased
             the
             wisdom
             of
             God
             already
             to
             dispose
             
             upon
             another
             ;
             this
             Gentlewomans
             promise
             then
             being
             such
             ,
             as
             (
             if
             it
             should
             be
             brought
             to
             an
             
               impartial
               Tryal
            
             before
             that
             Tribunal
             which
             God
             hath
             erected
             in
             every
             ones
             conscience
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             the
             tenor
             of
             that
             
               Divine
               Law
            
             ,
             whereof
             no
             Christian
             should
             be
             ignorant
             )
             could
             not
             be
             reasonably
             acquitted
             from
             any
             one
             of
             these
             
               sinful
               Obliquities
            
             ,
             but
             not
             possibly
             from
             them
             all
             ,
             we
             may
             conclude
             to
             have
             been
             an
             Act
             
               utterly
               unlawfull
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Point
             IV.
             
          
           
             §
             .
             9.
             
             But
             because
             a
             Man
             may
             contract
             an
             Obligation
             by
             an
             act
             not
             free
             from
             Obliquity
             ,
             as
             the
             saying
             in
             such
             Cases
             is
             
               [
               Fieri
               non
               debet
               ,
               factum
               valet
               ]
            
             and
             we
             have
             a
             
               Ruled
               case
            
             for
             it
             in
             the
             Covenant
             ,
             which
             the
             Princes
             of
             Israel
             made
             with
             the
             Gibeonites
             ,
             
             which
             though
             b
             
               sinfully
               made
            
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             was
             c
             necessarily
             to
             be
             kept
             afterwards
             :
             We
             are
             therefore
             to
             enquire
             into
             a
             
               Fourth
               Point
            
             ,
             Whether
             the
             Gentlewoman
             having
             
               de
               facto
            
             bound
             her self
             ,
             by
             such
             an
             
               unlawful
               promise
            
             ,
             be
             still
             ,
             by
             virtue
             of
             the
             said
             promise
             ,
             bound
             in
             conscience
             to
             the
             performance
             thereof
             ,
             or
             not
             ?
             To
             answer
             directly
             to
             the
             Point
             ,
             
               I
               take
               it
               she
               is
               not
               bound
               thereunto
            
             ;
             for
             that
             saying
             
               [
               Fieri
               non
               debet
               ,
               factum
               valet
               ]
            
             hath
             place
             only
             there
             ,
             where
             the
             obliquity
             that
             maketh
             the
             
               act
               unlawful
            
             ,
             may
             be
             severed
             from
             the
             substance
             of
             the
             matter
             ,
             about
             which
             the
             act
             is
             conversant
             ;
             as
             when
             a
             Man
             voweth
             to
             do
             something
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             substance
             of
             the
             matter
             
               simply
               unlawful
            
             to
             be
             done
             ;
             but
             yet
             voweth
             it
             ,
             either
             rashly
             ,
             and
             without
             
             
               due
               advisement
            
             ,
             or
             for
             some
             indirect
             and
             unwarrantable
             end
             ,
             or
             upon
             flight
             and
             
               insufficient
               inducements
            
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             Obliquities
             are
             enough
             to
             make
             the
             
               vow
               unlawful
            
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             act
             of
             vowing
             ;
             yet
             because
             these
             Obliquities
             do
             not
             necessarily
             passe
             upon
             the
             matter
             it self
             ,
             or
             the
             thing
             Vowed
             ,
             but
             may
             be
             severed
             from
             it
             ;
             therefore
             though
             the
             act
             of
             vowing
             were
             sinful
             ,
             the
             
               Vow
               it self
            
             for
             all
             that
             may
             
               stand
               good
               ▪
            
             and
             bind
             the
             Party
             to
             performance
             ,
             but
             where
             the
             
               sinful
               obliquity
            
             passeth
             upon
             the
             
               substance
               of
               the
               matter
            
             ,
             or
             adhereth
             inseperably
             thereunto
             ;
             there
             not
             only
             the
             act
             of
             vowing
             is
             sinful
             ,
             but
             the
             performance
             also
             becometh
             unlowful
             :
             In
             which
             Cases
             those
             other
             sayings
             ought
             rather
             to
             have
             place
             ,
             
               Iuram
               ent●●●
               non
               debet
               esse
               vinculum
               iniquitatis
               in
               malis
               promissis
               rescinde
               fidem
               ,
               in
               turpi
               vot●
               muta
               decrètum
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             §
             .
             10.
             
             If
             it
             shall
             be
             said
             ,
             that
             this
             difference
             being
             admitted
             ,
             will
             nothing
             availe
             the
             Gentlewoman
             in
             our
             present
             Case
             ,
             to
             free
             her
             from
             the
             obligation
             of
             her
             said
             promise
             ;
             because
             here
             the
             matter
             of
             promise
             seemeth
             not
             to
             be
             in
             it
             
               self
               unlawful
            
             ,
             especially
             on
             her
             part
             ;
             for
             if
             the
             Gentleman
             her
             Friend
             ,
             were
             presently
             free
             from
             the
             bond
             of
             Matrimony
             by
             the
             death
             of
             
               his
               Wife
            
             ,
             as
             the
             Gentlewoman
             now
             is
             by
             the
             death
             of
             
               her
               Husband
            
             ,
             they
             might
             perform
             what
             they
             had
             promised
             either
             to
             other
             ,
             by
             joyning
             themselves
             in
             Matrimony
             ,
             and
             that
             without
             sin
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             argument
             that
             the
             
               sinful
               obliquity
            
             was
             only
             in
             the
             
               act
               of
               promising
            
             ;
             which
             therefore
             they
             ought
             to
             repent
             of
             :
             but
             doth
             not
             cleave
             to
             the
             matter
             of
             the
             promise
             ,
             which
             therefore
             they
             ought
             not
             to
             violate
             .
             To
             this
             I
             answer
             ,
             what
             in
             my
             opinion
             is
             
             true
             ,
             That
             if
             both
             the
             Parties
             were
             now
             actually
             free
             from
             the
             
               Marriage
               bond
            
             ,
             they
             not
             only
             
               lawfully
               might
            
             ,
             but
             were
             in
             
               conscience
               bound
            
             (
             unless
             some
             other
             
               lawful
               impediment
            
             should
             hinder
             )
             to
             joyn
             themselves
             together
             in
             Matrimony
             ,
             because
             none
             of
             the
             
               forementioned
               Obliquities
            
             ,
             which
             made
             the
             
               former
               act
            
             of
             
               promising
               unlawful
            
             ,
             would
             fall
             upon
             the
             after
             -
             act
             of
             Marriage
             to
             make
             it
             unlawful
             .
             But
             that
             Allegation
             is
             not
             direct
             to
             the
             Point
             in
             hand
             ,
             nor
             to
             the
             Case
             as
             it
             is
             propounded
             ;
             for
             it
             may
             be
             observed
             from
             the
             very
             from
             of
             the
             proposal
             ,
             that
             the
             matter
             of
             the
             promise
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Parties
             interchangeably
             bound
             themselves
             ,
             was
             not
             to
             Marry
             together
             ,
             when
             they
             should
             be
             
               both
               free
            
             ;
             upon
             which
             
               false
               ground
            
             the
             Objection
             runneth
             ;
             that
             was
             indeed
             the
             thing
             they
             aimed
             at
             therein
             ;
             but
             the
             end
             is
             one
             
             thing
             ,
             and
             the
             matter
             another
             :
             but
             the
             very
             matter
             of
             the
             promise
             was
             ,
             the
             continuance
             of
             their
             
               mutual
               affection
            
             either
             to
             other
             ,
             with
             a
             resolution
             to
             stay
             the
             one
             for
             the
             other
             ,
             when
             either
             Party
             should
             happen
             to
             be
             free
             from
             the
             bond
             of
             the
             
               present
               Matrimony
            
             ,
             till
             the
             other
             should
             be
             also
             free
             .
             The
             continuance
             of
             which
             affection
             and
             resolution
             ,
             will
             upon
             examination
             be
             found
             subject
             to
             all
             ,
             or
             some
             of
             the
             
               three
               Obliquities
            
             aforesaid
             ;
             and
             therefore
             as
             such
             an
             affection
             and
             resolution
             ,
             could
             not
             be
             entertained
             at
             the
             first
             without
             sin
             ;
             so
             neither
             can
             they
             be
             now
             
               continued
               in
            
             without
             sin
             ;
             for
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             they
             continue
             ,
             the
             first
             of
             the
             said
             Obliquities
             remaineth
             still
             ,
             both
             on
             his
             part
             and
             hers
             ;
             the
             second
             indeed
             by
             the
             death
             of
             the
             Husband
             is
             ceased
             on
             her
             part
             ,
             but
             remaineth
             still
             on
             his
             ;
             and
             the
             third
             contrarily
             
             being
             on
             his
             part
             
               ceased
               ,
               remaineth
            
             still
             on
             hers
             ,
             as
             will
             evidently
             appear
             to
             the
             understanding
             of
             any
             Man
             ,
             that
             shall
             take
             the
             pains
             to
             examine
             it
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             11.
             
             Yea
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             further
             to
             be
             considered
             ,
             that
             the
             continuance
             of
             such
             an
             affection
             and
             resolution
             may
             be
             likely
             to
             expose
             as
             well
             the
             one
             as
             the
             other
             to
             the
             assault
             of
             more
             strong
             and
             dangerous
             temptations
             ,
             now
             since
             the
             
               Husbands
               death
            
             than
             before
             .
             The
             danger
             on
             the
             Gentlemans
             part
             ,
             this
             ,
             least
             by
             how
             much
             he
             is
             now
             by
             the
             
               Husband
               death
            
             ,
             put
             into
             a
             
               nearer
               possibility
            
             of
             enjoying
             his
             
               unlawful
               hopes
            
             ,
             he
             should
             grow
             into
             so
             much
             the
             deeper
             loathing
             of
             his
             own
             bed
             ,
             and
             and
             so
             much
             the
             earnester
             longing
             that
             ,
             that
             which
             is
             now
             the
             
               only
               obstacle
            
             to
             the
             fruition
             of
             his
             desires
             were
             removed
             ;
             of
             which
             thoughts
             ,
             
             who
             can
             tell
             how
             fearful
             the
             issues
             might
             be
             ?
             the
             
               slie
               Enemy
            
             being
             most
             ready
             at
             all
             times
             ,
             to
             practice
             upon
             the
             corruption
             that
             is
             in
             the
             
               naughty
               heart
            
             of
             Man
             ;
             but
             especially
             having
             a
             
               mighty
               advantage
            
             against
             him
             ,
             when
             he
             hath
             got
             his
             conscience
             as
             it
             were
             in
             a
             snare
             ,
             by
             the
             engagement
             of
             some
             
               vow
               ,
               promise
            
             ,
             or
             
               setled
               resolution
            
             .
             And
             then
             on
             the
             Gentlewomans
             part
             ,
             the
             danger
             ,
             this
             ,
             least
             having
             by
             her
             own
             
               voluntary
               act
            
             debarr'd
             her self
             ,
             of
             that
             which
             is
             the
             only
             allowed
             remedy
             ,
             namely
             Marriage
             ;
             she
             should
             by
             the
             just
             judgement
             of
             God
             ,
             be
             left
             to
             the
             rage
             of
             the
             Disease
             of
             
               burning
               Lusts
            
             :
             for
             upon
             what
             
               sound
               warrant
            
             can
             she
             be
             confident
             ,
             or
             with
             what
             
               Reason
               expect
            
             ,
             that
             God
             should
             either
             preserve
             her
             from
             ,
             or
             assist
             her
             against
             temptations
             in
             that
             kind
             ,
             though
             she
             should
             seek
             it
             of
             him
             with
             Fasting
             ,
             and
             
             Prayers
             ,
             and
             Tears
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             she
             tempceth
             Him
             by
             persisting
             in
             a
             
               wilful
               obstinacy
            
             ,
             against
             that
             means
             of
             Remedy
             which
             He
             hath
             appointed
             ?
             Indeed
             ,
             where
             the
             hand
             of
             God
             himself
             hath
             prevented
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Remedy
             (
             as
             if
             the
             Husband
             should
             be
             
               long
               detained
            
             in
             a
             
               foraign
               Land
            
             ,
             or
             held
             in
             
               close
               Prison
            
             ,
             or
             taken
             with
             a
             
               dead
               Palsie
            
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             
               bodily
               impotence
            
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             )
             there
             the
             Wife
             might
             comfortably
             implore
             
               Gods
               assistance
            
             to
             preserve
             her
             from
             being
             overcome
             by
             
               carnal
               temptations
            
             ,
             and
             assuredly
             rest
             upon
             it
             by
             faith
             ,
             if
             she
             be
             not
             wanting
             to
             her self
             ,
             in
             putting
             to
             her
             own
             
               utmost
               endeavours
            
             ,
             because
             she
             hath
             a
             Promise
             to
             rest
             upon
             for
             that
             purpose
             ;
             and
             God
             who
             is
             faithful
             in
             all
             his
             Promises
             ,
             is
             also
             faithful
             in
             this
             ,
             of
             
               not
               suffering
               his
               Servants
               to
               be
               tempted
               beyond
               their
               strength
               :
            
             but
             for
             the
             Wife
             ,
             by
             some
             
             
               inconsiderate
               act
            
             of
             her
             own
             ,
             wherein
             she
             wilfully
             and
             obstinately
             persisteth
             to
             refuse
             the
             
               appointed
               means
            
             ,
             and
             yet
             to
             expect
             Gods
             assistance
             nevertheless
             ,
             for
             which
             she
             hath
             no
             Promise
             ,
             is
             a
             fear
             ,
             full
             tempting
             of
             God
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             but
             a
             
               just
               thing
            
             with
             God
             ,
             and
             she
             suffereth
             it
             worthily
             for
             her
             presumption
             ,
             if
             she
             be
             left
             to
             her self
             ,
             and
             so
             wrestle
             with
             the
             temptation
             by
             her
             
               own
               strength
            
             ,
             and
             so
             be
             overcome
             thereby
             :
             For
             God
             who
             hath
             after
             a
             sort
             tied
             himself
             by
             his
             free
             and
             
               gracious
               Promise
            
             to
             protect
             us
             in
             
               Via
               Regia
            
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             we
             walk
             in
             the
             ordinary
             known
             way
             that
             he
             hath
             appointed
             for
             us
             ,
             hath
             no
             where
             bound
             himself
             to
             vouchsafe
             us
             the
             like
             powerful
             protection
             
               Extra
               viam
               Regiam
            
             ,
             if
             we
             refuse
             that
             
               high
               way
            
             ,
             to
             walk
             in
             by-paths
             of
             our
             own
             choosing
             ,
             which
             present
             dangers
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             and
             the
             former
             Reasons
             laid
             together
             ,
             do
             
             sufficiently
             prove
             ,
             that
             the
             Gentlewoman
             is
             not
             at
             all
             bound
             to
             performe
             her
             said
             
               unlawful
               Promise
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Point
             V.
             
          
           
             §
             .
             12.
             
             Hitherto
             we
             have
             proceeded
             in
             
               genere
               judiciali
            
             ,
             by
             considering
             of
             the
             nature
             and
             
               validity
               ,
               lawfulness
            
             and
             obligation
             of
             the
             Promise
             for
             the
             
               time
               past
            
             :
             Now
             we
             are
             to
             deal
             in
             
               genere
               deliberativo
            
             ,
             and
             to
             consider
             what
             in
             
               Christian
               wisdom
            
             is
             meetest
             to
             be
             farther
             done
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             both
             quieting
             and
             regulating
             of
             the
             Conscience
             for
             the
             
               time
               to
               come
            
             ;
             wherein
             ,
             submitting
             to
             Men
             of
             
               better
               judgements
            
             ,
             and
             experience
             ,
             I
             give
             my
             advice
             as
             followeth
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             the
             Gentlewoman
             out
             of
             the
             serious
             consideration
             of
             the
             Promises
             ,
             be
             brought
             to
             a
             through
             feeling
             of
             the
             grievousness
             of
             those
             
             sins
             which
             she
             hath
             committed
             against
             God
             ,
             and
             wherein
             she
             hath
             so
             long
             continued
             ,
             that
             so
             she
             may
             not
             only
             be
             humbled
             in
             his
             sight
             with
             true
             contrition
             of
             heart
             ,
             and
             remorse
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             proportionably
             to
             the
             greatness
             thereof
             ;
             but
             also
             be
             provoked
             to
             a
             proportionable
             measure
             of
             thankfulness
             unto
             him
             ,
             for
             his
             gratious
             goodness
             in
             restraining
             her
             
               unlawful
               affections
            
             from
             breaking
             out
             into
             
               actual
               uncleanness
            
             ,
             and
             preserving
             her
             when
             she
             had
             run
             out
             so
             far
             in
             an
             
               evill
               way
            
             ,
             from
             rushing
             into
             more
             
               desperate
               extremities
            
             ;
             for
             ,
             
               Erranti
               nullus
               terminus
            
             :
             as
             a
             stone
             that
             tumbleth
             down
             a
             steep
             hill
             ;
             so
             Mans
             corruption
             when
             it
             is
             once
             set
             on
             going
             ,
             hath
             no
             stay
             of
             self
             till
             it
             come
             to
             the
             bottom
             of
             Hell
             ,
             unless
             the
             Lord
             lay
             a
             stop
             in
             the
             way
             :
             and
             it
             is
             to
             be
             acknowledged
             a
             blessed
             act
             of
             Gods
             
               mercimerciful
               
               Providence
            
             ,
             when
             we
             have
             let
             loose
             the
             reins
             to
             our
             own
             lusts
             in
             any
             kind
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             bridled
             from
             running
             headlong
             into
             tall
             excess
             of
             
               wickedness
               ;
               great
               sins
            
             require
             more
             then
             
               ordinary
               Repentance
            
             ,
             and
             
               great
               mercies
            
             more
             then
             
               ordinary
               Thankfulnesse
            
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             13.
             
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             having
             thus
             humbled
             her self
             before
             God
             by
             
               inward
               Contrition
            
             ,
             she
             also
             make
             an
             
               outward
               free
               Confession
            
             of
             her
             said
             sins
             ,
             to
             him
             whom
             God
             hath
             delegated
             a
             Ministerial
             Power
             to
             
               remit
               sins
            
             ,
             that
             she
             may
             receive
             Comfort
             and
             Absolution
             from
             his
             mouth
             ;
             I
             mean
             the
             Priest
             :
             and
             this
             I
             think
             meetest
             to
             be
             done
             to
             the
             Bishop
             of
             the
             Diocess
             ,
             with
             one
             or
             more
             of
             his
             Presbytery
             ,
             such
             as
             he
             shall
             think
             good
             to
             take
             to
             him
             to
             assist
             him
             ;
             or
             else
             to
             some
             other
             by
             
               his
               appointment
            
             :
             because
             the
             
             Bishop
             is
             the
             
               chief
               Pastor
            
             ,
             to
             whom
             the
             care
             of
             Souls
             most
             immediately
             belongeth
             ,
             within
             his
             
               own
               Diocess
            
             ;
             besides
             ,
             that
             both
             the
             quality
             of
             the
             person
             (
             if
             she
             be
             of
             
               eminent
               Place
            
             and
             Rank
             )
             and
             the
             weightiness
             of
             the
             case
             ,
             make
             it
             so
             much
             the
             more
             proper
             for
             his
             cognisance
             :
             But
             howsoever
             it
             would
             be
             done
             to
             a
             Man
             of
             
               approved
               wisdom
            
             ,
             and
             such
             an
             one
             ,
             as
             will
             be
             both
             compassionate
             and
             secret
             ,
             wherein
             the
             more
             freely
             she
             shall
             make
             confession
             of
             her
             said
             sins
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             chearfully
             she
             shall
             subject
             her self
             to
             perform
             such
             further
             acts
             ,
             whether
             of
             Humiliation
             or
             Charity
             ,
             as
             the
             Bishop
             or
             Priest
             shall
             advise
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             in
             testimony
             of
             her
             
               unfeigned
               Repentance
            
             ,
             the
             more
             
               sound
               comfort
            
             undoubtedly
             with
             the
             sentence
             of
             Absolution
             bring
             unto
             the
             Soul.
             
          
           
           
             §
             .
             14.
             
             This
             done
             ,
             then
             thirdly
             ,
             that
             she
             endeavour
             by
             all
             
               fair
               means
            
             ,
             that
             the
             Gentleman
             also
             her
             friend
             and
             partner
             ,
             in
             the
             aforesaid
             Promise
             ,
             may
             be
             brought
             to
             the
             like
             sight
             and
             acknowledgment
             ,
             of
             the
             
               great
               sins
            
             that
             were
             enwrapped
             in
             that
             act
             ,
             and
             to
             a
             
               true
               perswasion
            
             withal
             ,
             that
             so
             long
             as
             he
             continueth
             in
             the
             former
             
               unlawful
               affection
            
             and
             resolution
             ,
             he
             is
             not
             only
             still
             under
             the
             guilt
             of
             those
             sins
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             
               near
               danger
            
             (
             without
             Gods
             great
             mercy
             preventing
             it
             )
             of
             falling
             into
             other
             and
             
               greater
               sins
            
             ;
             for
             which
             purpose
             it
             will
             be
             expedient
             ,
             that
             he
             be
             truly
             and
             effectually
             dealt
             withal
             ,
             (
             yet
             with
             as
             much
             lenity
             as
             the
             state
             of
             his
             Soul
             will
             suffer
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             possible
             secresie
             )
             and
             that
             by
             some
             such
             person
             especially
             as
             he
             holdeth
             a
             
               reverend
               opinion
            
             of
             both
             for
             Learning
             and
             Piety
             ;
             and
             to
             procure
             that
             this
             be
             done
             ,
             
             the
             Gentlewoman
             ought
             to
             take
             it
             into
             her
             own
             especially
             care
             ;
             which
             it
             will
             concern
             her
             to
             do
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             
               Christian
               Charity
            
             for
             the
             good
             of
             his
             Soul
             ,
             but
             in
             
               Christian
               wisdom
            
             also
             for
             her
             own
             future
             benefit
             and
             security
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             15.
             
             For
             when
             he
             shall
             be
             once
             throughly
             convinced
             in
             his
             judgement
             and
             conscience
             ,
             of
             the
             unlawfulness
             of
             the
             Promise
             made
             between
             them
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             
               sinful
               inconveniences
            
             that
             attend
             the
             
               continued
               purpose
            
             of
             fulfilling
             it
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             fair
             way
             open
             for
             that
             which
             is
             next
             and
             fourthly
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             viz.
             That
             he
             be
             then
             earnestly
             moved
             for
             his
             Relaxation
             of
             the
             said
             Promise
             to
             the
             Gentlewoman
             ,
             which
             (
             being
             it
             was
             but
             a
             
               meer
               Promise
            
             ,
             and
             no
             Vow
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             
               first
               Point
            
             hath
             already
             been
             shewed
             )
             he
             hath
             in
             himself
             a
             
               full
               power
            
             to
             make
             ,
             and
             this
             also
             to
             be
             
             done
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             such
             Persons
             ,
             as
             they
             shall
             make
             choice
             of
             betwixt
             themselves
             to
             be
             witnesses
             of
             the
             said
             Release
             ;
             for
             although
             the
             Promise
             being
             
               utterly
               unlawful
            
             ,
             hath
             no
             power
             to
             bind
             ,
             and
             so
             there
             needeth
             no
             Release
             ,
             as
             of
             
               absolute
               necessity
            
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             thing
             it self
             ;
             yet
             such
             Release
             may
             be
             very
             behoofeful
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             Gentlewomans
             person
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             quieting
             of
             her
             conscience
             ,
             in
             case
             there
             should
             remain
             any
             fears
             or
             scruples
             behind
             ,
             least
             perhaps
             her
             promise
             should
             
               still
               bind
            
             her
             ;
             for
             as
             Satan
             laboureth
             to
             benum
             the
             conscience
             with
             security
             to
             make
             men
             bold
             to
             
               commit
               sins
            
             without
             scruple
             ,
             till
             he
             has
             drawn
             them
             into
             the
             snare
             ;
             so
             when
             he
             seeth
             them
             offer
             to
             get
             out
             of
             the
             snare
             again
             by
             Repentance
             ,
             he
             is
             very
             cunning
             to
             inject
             
               needless
               Scruples
            
             and
             Fears
             ,
             if
             possibly
             he
             can
             ,
             to
             hold
             them
             
             in
             by
             means
             thereof
             ;
             wherefore
             I
             hold
             it
             very
             expedient
             that
             such
             a
             Release
             ,
             if
             it
             may
             be
             obtained
             ,
             be
             not
             neglected
             ;
             for
             thereby
             the
             
               binding
               power
            
             of
             the
             Promise
             ,
             though
             we
             should
             suppose
             it
             lawful
             ,
             should
             be
             quite
             taken
             away
             ,
             so
             as
             there
             need
             no
             scruple
             to
             remain
             :
             
               Abundans
               Cautela
               non
               nocet
            
             ,
             is
             a
             safe
             Aphorism
             ;
             as
             wary
             men
             when
             they
             
               pay
               monies
            
             ,
             besides
             seeing
             the
             
               Book
               crost
            
             ,
             will
             crave
             to
             have
             an
             Aquittance
             :
             So
             it
             may
             be
             some
             satisfaction
             to
             the
             Gentlewomans
             mind
             ,
             to
             have
             a
             
               solemn
               Release
            
             before
             witness
             ,
             which
             say
             it
             should
             be
             
               more
               then
               needeth
            
             ,
             yet
             can
             do
             no
             harme
             howsoever
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             16.
             
             Fifthly
             ,
             that
             the
             Gentlewoman
             all
             the
             while
             before
             ,
             and
             so
             ever
             after
             that
             time
             only
             excepted
             ,
             when
             the
             Relaxation
             should
             be
             made
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             is
             requisite
             ,
             she
             should
             be
             
             personally
             present
             )
             carefully
             avoid
             the
             company
             of
             that
             Gentleman
             ,
             and
             he
             likewise
             hers
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             conveniently
             may
             be
             ;
             but
             at
             leastwise
             ,
             by
             no
             means
             
               converse
               together
            
             with
             any
             familiarity
             ,
             especially
             in
             private
             ;
             least
             the
             former
             
               unlawful
               affection
            
             should
             rekindle
             in
             either
             Party
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             disease
             after
             some
             measure
             of
             cure
             grow
             to
             a
             re-laps
             ,
             which
             many
             times
             proves
             
               more
               dangerous
            
             then
             the
             
               first
               malady
            
             ;
             for
             commonly
             when
             the
             
               unclean
               spirit
            
             is
             ejected
             by
             Repentance
             ,
             if
             once
             he
             make
             himself
             master
             of
             the
             heart
             again
             (
             as
             he
             will
             attempt
             it
             ,
             and
             without
             a
             good
             watch
             haply
             effect
             it
             )
             he
             will
             be
             sure
             at
             the
             re-entry
             ,
             to
             come
             with
             a
             
               new
               strength
            
             ,
             and
             that
             sevenfold
             ,
             to
             what
             he
             had
             before
             ,
             and
             
               needs
               must
               the
               end
               of
               that
               man
               be
               worse
               then
               the
               beginning
               ▪
            
             she
             must
             therefore
             resolve
             to
             shun
             all
             
               likely
               occasions
            
             of
             falling
             
             again
             into
             the
             same
             snare
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             the
             quality
             of
             her
             person
             and
             condition
             ,
             and
             the
             
               common
               affairs
            
             of
             life
             will
             permit
             :
             And
             she
             had
             need
             also
             to
             use
             her
             best
             care
             and
             diligence
             (
             praying
             to
             God
             dayly
             for
             Grace
             to
             strengthen
             her
             thereunto
             )
             to
             withstand
             all
             
               wicked
               temptations
            
             of
             the
             flesh
             that
             she
             be
             no
             more
             foiled
             thereby
             ,
             neither
             entangled
             again
             in
             such
             
               sinful
               inconveniences
            
             ,
             as
             by
             Gods
             mercy
             she
             shall
             be
             now
             freed
             from
             .
          
           
             §
             .
             17.
             
             If
             in
             these
             Directions
             ,
             I
             be
             thought
             to
             deal
             with
             too
             much
             rigour
             and
             strictness
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             considered
             :
          
           
             First
             ,
             that
             it
             's
             much
             better
             to
             put
             the
             patient
             to
             a
             little
             more
             pain
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             then
             by
             skinning
             the
             wound
             overly
             ,
             to
             heal
             it
             deceitfully
             ;
             and
             to
             suffer
             it
             to
             
               rankle
               inward
            
             ,
             which
             will
             breed
             a
             great
             deal
             more
             grief
             at
             last
             .
          
           
           
             Secondly
             ,
             that
             since
             all
             men
             (
             through
             corrupt
             self-love
             ,
             and
             privy
             Hypocrisie
             ,
             cleaving
             to
             our
             
               depraved
               nature
            
             )
             are
             partial
             towards
             themselves
             ,
             and
             apt
             to
             deal
             more
             favourably
             with
             their
             
               own
               sins
            
             ,
             then
             they
             ought
             ;
             it
             is
             therefore
             safest
             for
             them
             (
             in
             their
             own
             Cases
             especially
             )
             to
             encline
             to
             severity
             ,
             rather
             then
             indulgence
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ;
             that
             there
             may
             be
             a
             mitigation
             used
             of
             the
             
               present
               Directions
            
             ,
             according
             as
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Patient
             (
             in
             the
             several
             variations
             thereof
             )
             shall
             require
             ;
             but
             that
             (
             for
             the
             avoiding
             of
             partiality
             )
             not
             to
             be
             permitted
             to
             the
             
               sole
               liberty
            
             of
             the
             
               party
               himself
            
             ,
             but
             rather
             to
             be
             done
             by
             the
             advice
             of
             a
             
               Ghostly
               Physitian
            
             ,
             who
             if
             he
             be
             a
             man
             of
             such
             wisdom
             and
             moderation
             ,
             as
             is
             meet
             ,
             will
             I
             doubt
             not
             allow
             a
             greater
             indulgence
             in
             case
             he
             see
             it
             expedient
             ,
             then
             it
             could
             be
             safe
             for
             the
             
             Party
             her self
             to
             take
             of
             her
             own
             head
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             That
             in
             all
             this
             Discourse
             ,
             I
             take
             not
             upon
             me
             to
             write
             Edicts
             ,
             but
             to
             give
             my
             advice
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             not
             to
             prescribe
             to
             the
             judgment
             of
             others
             ,
             if
             any
             shall
             see
             cause
             to
             dissent
             ,
             but
             to
             deliver
             my
             
               own
               opinion
            
             (
             being
             requested
             thereunto
             by
             a
             Reverend
             Friend
             )
             with
             such
             a
             faithfulness
             and
             freedom
             as
             becometh
             me
             to
             do
             ;
             and
             truly
             those
             Parties
             whom
             it
             most
             concerneth
             ,
             ought
             not
             to
             
               blame
               me
            
             for
             it
             howsoever
             ;
             inasmuch
             as
             there
             can
             be
             no
             cause
             to
             suspect
             that
             I
             should
             be
             carryed
             with
             any
             
               personal
               respects
            
             to
             be
             partial
             either
             for
             or
             against
             either
             of
             them
             ;
             so
             God
             is
             my
             witness
             whom
             I
             desire
             to
             serve
             ,
             I
             had
             not
             any
             intimation
             at
             all
             given
             me
             ,
             neither
             yet
             have
             so
             much
             as
             the
             
               least
               conjecture
            
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             who
             either
             of
             them
             both
             might
             be
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           CASE
           of
           a
           MILITARY
           LIFE
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           IN
           
             referring
             over
          
           your
           friend
           to
           me
           ,
           you
           have
           pitched
           upon
           one
           of
           the
           unfittest
           persons
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           to
           be
           consulted
           in
           cases
           of
           that
           nature
           ;
           who
           am
           altogether
           a
           stranger
           to
           the
           
             Publique
             Affaires
          
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           understand
           nothing
           at
           all
           of
           the
           mutual
           
             Interests
             ,
             Relations
          
           ,
           or
           Transactions
           of
           
             foreign
             Princes
          
           or
           States
           ;
           yea
           so
           little
           curious
           have
           I
           been
           to
           inform
           my self
           ,
           so
           much
           as
           where
           the
           Stages
           lay
           of
           the
           
             chiefest
             Actions
          
           of
           these
           
             latter
             times
          
           abroad
           ,
           or
           what
           persons
           were
           engaged
           therein
           ;
           that
           I
           have
           something
           pleased
           my self
           (
           perhaps
           too
           much
           )
           with
           my
           
             own
             ignorance
          
           in
           our
           
           
             home
             Affaires
          
           :
           accounting
           it
           among
           the
           happinesses
           of
           my
           privacy
           and
           retiredness
           ,
           in
           these
           
             unhappy
             times
          
           ;
           that
           amidst
           so
           much
           fury
           and
           bloodshed
           on
           every
           side
           ,
           it
           was
           never
           my
           hap
           to
           be
           within
           the
           view
           of
           any
           Battel
           or
           Skirmish
           ;
           nor
           did
           I
           ever
           see
           so
           much
           as
           a
           
             Pistol
             discharged
          
           ,
           or
           a
           
             Sword
             drawn
          
           against
           any
           
             single
             person
          
           ,
           since
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Warr.
           I
           could
           have
           wished
           therefore
           ,
           since
           my
           opinion
           herein
           is
           desired
           ,
           that
           I
           had
           had
           the
           oportunity
           to
           have
           advised
           with
           some
           more
           knowing
           Men
           ,
           and
           of
           greater
           experience
           and
           judgment
           then
           my self
           in
           these
           matters
           ;
           or
           at
           least
           ,
           that
           you
           had
           sent
           me
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           two
           enclosed
           Letters
           ,
           a
           transcript
           of
           your
           Answer
           (
           whose
           Iudgment
           I
           do
           with
           great
           reason
           very
           much
           value
           )
           unto
           the
           former
           of
           them
           ;
           for
           there
           I
           assure
           my self
           ,
           I
           should
           have
           met
           with
           such
           
           Materials
           as
           would
           have
           
             served
             me
          
           for
           a
           good
           foundation
           to
           work
           upon
           ;
           yet
           to
           satisfie
           your
           desire
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           in
           me
           lieth
           ,
           and
           the
           rather
           for
           the
           
             Gentlemans
             sake
          
           your
           friend
           ,
           (
           who
           though
           unknown
           to
           me
           by
           face
           ,
           or
           till
           the
           receipt
           of
           your
           Letter
           ,
           so
           much
           as
           by
           Name
           ;
           yet
           by
           his
           Letters
           appeareth
           to
           be
           a
           Person
           of
           Piety
           and
           Ingenuity
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           Master
           both
           of
           Reason
           and
           Language
           )
           I
           have
           endeavoured
           (
           with
           reservation
           of
           Place
           for
           second
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           submission
           to
           other
           Judgements
           )
           to
           declare
           what
           my
           present
           apprehensions
           are
           concerning
           the
           
             whole
             business
          
           ;
           wherein
           the
           resolution
           of
           such
           doubts
           ,
           as
           in
           point
           of
           conscience
           may
           arise
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           most
           and
           chiefest
           of
           them
           ,
           will
           (
           as
           I
           conceive
           )
           very
           much
           depend
           upon
           the
           consideration
           and
           right
           application
           of
           these
           
             Four
             things
          
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           
           
             I.
             The
             different
             sorts
             of
             Mens
             imployments
             in
             general
             .
          
           
             II.
             The
             nature
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             imployment
             in
             particular
             .
          
           
             III.
             The
             end
             that
             Men
             may
             propose
             to
             themselves
             in
             following
             the
             Warr
             ;
             or
             what
             it
             is
             that
             chiefly
             induceth
             them
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             IV.
             The
             condition
             of
             the
             Person
             so
             imployed
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             imployed
             .
          
        
         
           
             I.
             Considerations
             of
             Mens
             imployments
             in
             general
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             MEns
             imployments
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             .
          
           
             The
             one
             of
             such
             as
             any
             man
             may
             (
             without
             blame
             from
             others
             ,
             or
             scruple
             within
             himself
             )
             follow
             ,
             meerly
             upon
             his
             own
             score
             ,
             if
             he
             find
             himself
             in
             some
             measure
             able
             for
             it
             ,
             and
             have
             a
             mind
             thereunto
             ;
             he
             hath
             a
             power
             in
             
             himself
             (
             aud
             that
             
               jure
               proprio
            
             ,
             by
             a
             primitive
             and
             
               original
               right
            
             ,
             without
             any
             necessary
             derivation
             from
             others
             )
             to
             dispose
             of
             himself
             ,
             his
             time
             and
             industry
             ,
             in
             that
             way
             ;
             for
             the
             exercise
             of
             which
             power
             ,
             there
             needeth
             no
             special
             or
             positive
             warrant
             from
             any
             other
             person
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             presumed
             he
             is
             (
             as
             in
             relation
             to
             others
             )
             sufficiently
             warranted
             thereunto
             in
             this
             ,
             in
             that
             he
             is
             not
             by
             any
             
               Superiour
               Authority
            
             ,
             Divine
             or
             Humane
             ,
             forbidden
             so
             to
             do
             ;
             and
             upon
             this
             account
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             Men
             betake
             themselves
             ,
             upon
             their
             
               own
               choice
            
             and
             liking
             ,
             to
             
               Husbandry
               ,
               Merchandize
               ,
               Manual
               Occupations
               ,
            
             the
             
               study
               of
               the
               Law
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             But
             
               another
               sort
            
             of
             Imployments
             there
             are
             ,
             whereunto
             a
             man
             hath
             not
             a
             
               just
               right
            
             primitively
             and
             of
             himself
             ,
             neither
             may
             he
             
               lawfully
               exercise
            
             the
             same
             meerly
             upon
             his
             
               own
               choice
            
             ,
             but
             
             it
             is
             necessary
             ,
             that
             that
             power
             should
             be
             derived
             upon
             him
             from
             some
             such
             person
             or
             persons
             ,
             as
             have
             
               sufficient
               Authority
            
             to
             warrant
             him
             for
             so
             doing
             :
             Such
             is
             the
             Imployment
             of
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             a
             Constable
             ,
             an
             Arbitrator
             ,
             &c.
             which
             are
             therefore
             said
             to
             be
             
               juris
               delegati
            
             ,
             because
             the
             right
             that
             any
             man
             hath
             to
             such
             Imployments
             accrueth
             unto
             him
             by
             virtue
             of
             that
             Authority
             which
             he
             receiveth
             by
             Delegation
             or
             Deputation
             from
             some
             other
             that
             hath
             a
             right
             by
             
               Command
               ,
               Election
               ,
               Nomination
            
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             to
             Empower
             him
             thereunto
             ,
             whence
             are
             those
             usual
             forms
             ,
             
               Quo
               jure
               ,
               Quo
               warranto
               ?
               Who
               made
               thee
               a
               Iudge
               ?
               By
               what
               authority
               dost
               thou
               those
               things
               ?
            
             or
             ,
             
               Who
               gave
               thee
               this
               authority
            
             ?
             A
             man
             may
             betake
             himself
             to
             the
             Study
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             the
             Practice
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             ,
             but
             he
             may
             not
             take
             upon
             him
             
             to
             be
             a
             Iudge
             without
             Commission
             from
             his
             Sovereign
             ;
             so
             he
             may
             follow
             Husbandry
             ,
             and
             Merchandry
             ,
             upon
             his
             own
             choice
             ,
             but
             he
             may
             not
             do
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Constable
             ,
             unless
             he
             be
             chosen
             by
             the
             Neighbours
             ;
             or
             of
             an
             Arbitrator
             ,
             unless
             chosen
             by
             the
             Parties
             thereunto
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Now
             although
             as
             well
             the
             
               one
               sort
            
             as
             the
             other
             ,
             after
             a
             Man
             hath
             addicted
             himself
             to
             the
             one
             ,
             or
             is
             deputed
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             may
             not
             unfitly
             be
             termed
             his
             
               Particular
               Calling
            
             ,
             and
             the
             latter
             perhaps
             with
             better
             propriety
             ,
             then
             the
             former
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             word
             Calling
             properly
             importeth
             the
             Action
             of
             some
             other
             person
             )
             yet
             according
             to
             the
             common
             Notion
             ,
             which
             by
             custom
             of
             speech
             among
             us
             ,
             we
             have
             of
             these
             terms
             
               [
               The
               General
               and
               the
               Particular
               Calling
               ]
            
             the
             Imployments
             of
             the
             
               former
               sort
            
             ,
             are
             usually
             taken
             to
             be
             
             the
             
               Particular
               Calling
            
             of
             Men
             ;
             and
             those
             of
             the
             
               latter
               sort
            
             ,
             will
             be
             found
             (
             if
             well
             considered
             )
             to
             fall
             rather
             under
             the
             
               General
               Calling
            
             ,
             as
             branches
             or
             parts
             thereof
             ,
             inasmuch
             as
             the
             exercise
             of
             such
             Imployments
             ,
             is
             a
             part
             of
             that
             
               moral
               duty
            
             ,
             which
             all
             Men
             (
             according
             to
             their
             several
             respective
             Relations
             )
             ought
             to
             perform
             to
             others
             ,
             being
             by
             them
             empowered
             thereunto
             ,
             upon
             the
             tie
             of
             
               Obedience
               ,
               Contract
               ,
               Friendship
            
             ,
             &c.
             but
             for
             
               distinction
               sake
            
             ,
             as
             the
             Latins
             make
             a
             difference
             between
             
               vitae
               institutum
            
             and
             munus
             ,
             we
             may
             call
             those
             of
             the
             
               former
               sort
               ,
               Mans
               profession
            
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             the
             
               latter
               sort
            
             his
             Office
             ;
             so
             a
             Man
             is
             by
             Profession
             a
             Lawyer
             ;
             by
             Office
             a
             Iudge
             ;
             by
             Profession
             a
             Husbandman
             ;
             by
             Office
             a
             Constable
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             To
             bring
             this
             Discourse
             home
             to
             the
             
               present
               business
            
             ,
             we
             are
             next
             to
             
             enquire
             ,
             to
             whether
             sort
             of
             the
             two
             ,
             the
             Imployment
             of
             a
             Souldier
             doth
             more
             
               properly
               appertain
            
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             whether
             we
             are
             to
             conceive
             of
             it
             as
             a
             Profession
             which
             a
             man
             may
             at
             his
             
               own
               choice
            
             fix
             upon
             ,
             as
             his
             
               particular
               vocation
            
             ;
             or
             rather
             as
             an
             Office
             of
             duty
             and
             service
             ,
             which
             he
             is
             to
             undergo
             ,
             when
             by
             the
             command
             of
             his
             Prince
             ,
             he
             shall
             be
             thereto
             appointed
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             come
             rather
             under
             the
             notion
             of
             a
             
               General
               Calling
            
             ?
             To
             me
             it
             seemeth
             clearly
             to
             be
             of
             the
             
               latter
               sort
            
             .
             For
             (
             1.
             )
             in
             the
             passage
             of
             St.
             
               Paul
               ,
               2
               Tim.
               2.
               4.
               
               No
               man
               that
               warreth
               ,
               entangleth
               himself
               in
               the
               affaires
               of
               this
               life
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               please
               him
               that
               hath
               chosen
               him
               to
               be
               a
               Souldier
            
             ;
             the
             word
             is
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             applyed
             to
             him
             that
             warreth
             with
             the
             note
             of
             Universality
             (
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             )
             annexed
             ,
             seemeth
             to
             imply
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             supposed
             that
             no
             man
             might
             go
             to
             warr
             ,
             unless
             he
             
             were
             chosen
             for
             that
             service
             by
             some
             other
             person
             that
             might
             Command
             it
             .
             Nor
             do
             I
             see
             (
             2.
             )
             what
             good
             construction
             can
             be
             otherwise
             made
             of
             that
             speech
             of
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             Mat.
             26.
             57.
             
             
               All
               they
               that
               take
               the
               Sword
               ,
               shall
               perish
               with
               the
               Sword
            
             ;
             or
             what
             should
             be
             the
             crime
             there
             intended
             to
             be
             signified
             ,
             by
             this
             Phrase
             of
             
               taking
               the
               Sword
            
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             not
             this
             ,
             for
             a
             man
             to
             take
             the
             Sword
             into
             his
             hand
             by
             his
             
               own
               authority
            
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             put
             into
             his
             hand
             by
             that
             
               Supreme
               Power
            
             ,
             whom
             God
             hath
             immediately
             trusted
             with
             the
             bearing
             and
             managing
             of
             it
             .
             Now
             (
             3.
             )
             can
             that
             be
             said
             to
             be
             a
             
               Mans
               Profession
            
             ,
             or
             
               particular
               calling
            
             ,
             which
             Men
             of
             all
             Professions
             are
             (
             in
             obedience
             to
             their
             Governours
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             service
             of
             their
             
               Country
               )
               bound
            
             to
             perform
             whensoever
             they
             shall
             be
             by
             
               Lawful
               Authority
               ,
               called
            
             and
             appointed
             thereunto
             .
          
           
           
             5.
             
             If
             these
             premises
             will
             be
             granted
             ,
             it
             will
             soon
             appear
             ,
             that
             the
             answer
             to
             the
             
               Question
               proposed
            
             ,
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             former
             Letter
             (
             as
             it
             standeth
             there
             in
             Terminis
             ,
             and
             in
             Thesi
             ,
             abstractedly
             from
             the
             consideration
             of
             the
             person
             in
             the
             said
             Letter
             charactered
             ,
             and
             those
             other
             circumstances
             which
             may
             vary
             the
             Case
             )
             must
             be
             in
             the
             Negative
             ,
             viz.
             
               That
               it
               is
               not
               lawful
               to
               be
               a
               Souldier
               ,
               upon
               the
               same
               account
               that
               men
               apply
               themselves
               to
               Trades
               ,
               to
               the
               practice
               of
               the
               Laws
               ,
               and
               to
               other
               (
               like
               )
               civil
               Imployments
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             II.
             Consideration
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             Imployment
             in
             particular
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             THe
             care
             that
             ought
             to
             be
             in
             every
             Man
             that
             taketh
             upon
             him
             the
             exercise
             of
             any
             Office
             ,
             to
             be
             well
             assured
             that
             he
             hath
             a
             
               sufficient
               
               right
            
             and
             warrant
             for
             so
             doing
             ,
             is
             no
             less
             requisite
             in
             a
             Souldier
             ,
             then
             in
             any
             other
             Officer
             ;
             yea
             rather
             by
             so
             much
             more
             requisite
             in
             him
             ,
             then
             in
             most
             of
             them
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             the
             matter
             he
             is
             conversant
             about
             ,
             
               (
               viz
               ,
               the
               Life
               of
               Man
               )
            
             is
             of
             
               greater
               consequence
            
             ,
             then
             are
             the
             matters
             in
             which
             most
             of
             them
             are
             employed
             ;
             for
             the
             Souldier
             every
             time
             he
             draweth
             his
             Sword
             in
             the
             field
             ,
             is
             by
             the
             very
             nature
             of
             his
             Imployment
             supposed
             to
             do
             it
             either
             with
             a
             resolution
             to
             lose
             his
             own
             ,
             or
             to
             
               take
               away
            
             his
             
               enemies
               Life
            
             ;
             else
             he
             doth
             but
             prevaricate
             ,
             and
             is
             unfaithful
             in
             the
             service
             he
             has
             undertaken
             :
             In
             which
             service
             if
             it
             be
             his
             fortune
             either
             to
             kill
             or
             to
             be
             killed
             ,
             he
             is
             actually
             and
             deeply
             guilty
             ;
             but
             if
             neither
             ,
             yet
             that
             very
             resolution
             maketh
             him
             
               intentionally
               guilty
            
             of
             the
             Transgression
             of
             the
             sixth
             Commandement
             ,
             
               Thou
               shalt
               not
               kill
               ▪
            
             
             in
             case
             he
             have
             no
             
               good
               right
            
             ,
             so
             far
             to
             dispose
             either
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             or
             the
             
               others
               life
            
             .
             It
             concerneth
             him
             therefore
             to
             look
             well
             to
             that
             ;
             both
             what
             power
             belongeth
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             a
             Souldier
             ,
             and
             by
             what
             Authority
             he
             claimeth
             the
             exercise
             of
             such
             a
             power
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Most
             certain
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             properly
             and
             originally
             the
             power
             to
             dispose
             of
             Mans
             Life
             
               (
               Ius
               vitae
               &
               necis
            
             )
             belongeth
             to
             
               God
               alone
            
             ,
             who
             is
             
               Dominus
               vitae
               &
               necis
            
             ,
             as
             the
             
               sole
               author
            
             of
             Life
             ,
             so
             the
             
               sole
               Lord
            
             and
             Master
             of
             Life
             and
             Death
             ;
             some
             part
             of
             which
             power
             ,
             since
             it
             hath
             pleased
             him
             for
             the
             good
             of
             
               humane
               Society
            
             ,
             (
             in
             the
             preservation
             of
             Peace
             and
             Iustice
             ,
             and
             the
             punishment
             of
             such
             as
             are
             enemies
             to
             either
             )
             to
             communicate
             unto
             men
             (
             which
             power
             so
             communicated
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             we
             use
             to
             call
             
               Ius
               Gladii
            
             ,
             
             or
             the
             
               power
               of
               the
               Sword
            
             )
             it
             may
             therefore
             be
             
               lawfully
               exercised
            
             by
             men
             ;
             but
             within
             that
             latitude
             ,
             and
             in
             order
             ,
             as
             God
             hath
             communicated
             it
             to
             them
             ,
             but
             not
             farther
             nor
             otherwise
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Now
             God
             hath
             not
             given
             to
             any
             man
             ,
             either
             Sovereign
             or
             Subject
             ,
             power
             over
             his
             own
             life
             ,
             to
             destroy
             it
             by
             his
             
               own
               voluntary
               act
            
             in
             any
             Case
             ;
             no
             nor
             yet
             power
             to
             expose
             it
             to
             the
             certain
             hazzard
             of
             being
             destroyed
             by
             another
             in
             fight
             ,
             saving
             in
             the
             one
             only
             case
             of
             just
             and
             
               necessary
               defence
            
             :
             under
             which
             notion
             is
             to
             be
             comprehended
             also
             the
             hazzarding
             of
             the
             
               Princes
               life
            
             ,
             in
             a
             just
             and
             
               necessary
               Warr
            
             ;
             out
             of
             which
             Case
             ,
             whosoever
             shall
             expose
             his
             life
             to
             hazzard
             by
             fight
             of
             his
             
               own
               accord
            
             ;
             if
             he
             perish
             in
             it
             ,
             cannot
             be
             excused
             from
             being
             
             guilty
             of
             his
             
               own
               death
            
             ,
             nor
             from
             usurping
             a
             power
             over
             his
             own
             life
             ,
             which
             God
             hath
             not
             allowed
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Add
             hereunto
             the
             injustice
             ,
             that
             he
             thereby
             doth
             to
             his
             Sovereign
             and
             Countrey
             .
             God
             hath
             given
             to
             his
             Vicegerents
             here
             on
             Earth
             ,
             a
             
               right
               in
            
             ,
             and
             a
             
               power
               over
            
             the
             persons
             of
             all
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             within
             their
             several
             respective
             Dominions
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             spending
             of
             their
             lives
             in
             their
             
               Countries
               service
            
             ,
             whensoever
             they
             shall
             be
             by
             their
             Authority
             required
             thereunto
             ,
             which
             they
             cannot
             therefore
             
               prodigally
               spend
            
             at
             their
             
               own
               pleasure
            
             ,
             without
             
               apparent
               wrong
            
             done
             their
             Governours
             interest
             ;
             for
             as
             he
             that
             shall
             kill
             a
             
               private
               person
            
             ,
             is
             not
             only
             an
             offender
             against
             God
             ,
             and
             against
             that
             person
             ,
             in
             depriving
             him
             of
             life
             ;
             but
             is
             also
             by
             the
             Interpretation
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             (
             according
             to
             the
             importance
             
             of
             the
             ancient
             form
             of
             Enditing
             )
             an
             offender
             against
             the
             Crown
             and
             Dignity
             of
             his
             Sovereign
             ,
             in
             depriving
             him
             of
             a
             Subject
             ,
             and
             consequently
             of
             the
             interest
             he
             had
             in
             his
             person
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             use
             he
             might
             have
             had
             of
             his
             service
             :
             so
             he
             that
             is
             so
             prodigal
             of
             his
             
               own
               life
            
             as
             to
             hazzard
             it
             upon
             the
             Sword
             in
             fight
             ,
             without
             his
             
               Sovereigns
               Authority
            
             ,
             if
             he
             perish
             ,
             is
             not
             only
             guilty
             of
             his
             being
             accessary
             to
             his
             
               own
               destruction
            
             ;
             but
             doth
             also
             an
             act
             injurious
             and
             prejudicial
             to
             his
             Sovereign
             ,
             at
             whose
             service
             and
             disposal
             (
             under
             God
             )
             his
             life
             and
             person
             ought
             to
             be
             .
          
           
             5
             And
             as
             his
             presumption
             cannot
             be
             excused
             ,
             if
             he
             be
             slain
             upon
             that
             account
             ;
             so
             neither
             can
             he
             justifie
             the
             killing
             of
             another
             (
             though
             an
             enemy
             )
             in
             Battle
             ,
             if
             he
             have
             no
             other
             warrant
             for
             taking
             of
             Armes
             ,
             then
             
             from
             himself
             ;
             for
             Warr
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             judicature
             ,
             wherein
             the
             Prince
             that
             wageth
             the
             Warr
             ,
             is
             as
             the
             Iudge
             that
             
               giveth
               sentence
            
             of
             death
             against
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             as
             a
             disturber
             of
             the
             Peace
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             engage
             in
             the
             Warr
             under
             him
             ,
             are
             but
             as
             so
             many
             executioners
             of
             the
             sentence
             pronounced
             by
             him
             ;
             and
             he
             that
             executeth
             the
             sentence
             of
             death
             upon
             another
             ,
             must
             do
             it
             by
             some
             
               lawfull
               Authority
            
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             he
             that
             pronounceth
             the
             sentence
             ;
             or
             else
             he
             is
             a
             Murtherer
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             This.
             Now
             the
             Souldier
             that
             by
             fighting
             on
             the
             
               one
               side
            
             ,
             doth
             
               ipso
               facto
            
             declare
             against
             those
             of
             the
             
               other
               side
            
             as
             Enemies
             ;
             if
             he
             so
             engage
             of
             his
             
               own
               mind
            
             only
             ,
             he
             doth
             indeed
             ,
             upon
             the
             point
             ,
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             being
             none
             ,
             and
             so
             runneth
             before
             he
             be
             sent
             :
             or
             if
             it
             shall
             be
             said
             in
             his
             behalf
             ,
             That
             he
             doth
             it
             not
             as
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             
             but
             as
             the
             Executioner
             of
             the
             sentence
             pronounced
             by
             that
             Prince
             into
             whose
             service
             he
             hath
             put
             himself
             ,
             and
             who
             by
             the
             accepting
             of
             his
             service
             hath
             sufficiently
             authorized
             him
             to
             do
             such
             execution
             :
             Your
             Letter
             hath
             suggested
             to
             me
             this
             ready
             Answer
             ,
             
               That
               the
               sentence
               pronounced
               by
               one
               that
               is
               not
               his
               Lawful
               Sovereign
               ,
               and
               by
               consequence
               ,
               whose
               judgment
               he
               is
               not
               warranted
               to
               follow
               ,
               is
               of
               no
               more
               validity
            
             (
             as
             in
             relation
             to
             him
             )
             then
             Sententia
             lata
             a
             non
             judice
             ,
             
               and
               therefore
               can
               be
               no
               warrant
               to
               him
               to
               execute
               it
               .
            
             True
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             with
             licence
             from
             his
             Sovereign
             ,
             he
             may
             serve
             under
             another
             Prince
             ,
             and
             consequently
             do
             such
             execution
             ,
             as
             we
             now
             speak
             of
             ;
             because
             the
             Sovereign
             by
             so
             licensing
             him
             ,
             doth
             really
             referr
             him
             over
             from
             himself
             to
             
               anothers
               judgment
            
             ,
             and
             consequently
             warrant
             him
             to
             follow
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             so
             render
             him
             
             capable
             (
             upon
             the
             others
             acceptance
             )
             to
             execute
             it
             .
             All
             this
             is
             true
             ,
             but
             nothing
             to
             our
             purpose
             ,
             because
             it
             doth
             
               destruere
               suppositum
            
             ;
             for
             we
             now
             suppose
             the
             Case
             of
             a
             Souldier
             putting
             himself
             into
             service
             ,
             under
             a
             Foreigner
             of
             his
             
               own
               mind
            
             ,
             and
             where
             
               himself
               thinketh
               good
            
             ,
             without
             the
             knowledge
             or
             licence
             of
             his
             own
             
               lawful
               Sovereign
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             III.
             Consideration
             of
             the
             end
             to
             be
             proposed
             by
             the
             Souldier
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             SIth
             the
             goodness
             or
             badness
             of
             Mens
             actions
             and
             undertakings
             dependeth
             very
             much
             upon
             the
             end
             which
             they
             propose
             to
             themselves
             therein
             ;
             he
             that
             would
             desire
             to
             lead
             a
             
               Souldiers
               life
            
             ,
             must
             narrowly
             examine
             his
             own
             heart
             ,
             what
             it
             is
             
               bona
               fide
            
             ,
             and
             in
             very
             deed
             ,
             that
             first
             and
             chiefly
             induced
             him
             to
             that
             desire
             ,
             
             and
             what
             affinity
             there
             is
             between
             that
             end
             ,
             which
             he
             proposeth
             to
             himself
             ,
             as
             the
             
               main
               scope
            
             of
             his
             Intentions
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             is
             or
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             
               true
               end
            
             of
             the
             thing
             it self
             ;
             the
             
               true
               end
            
             of
             the
             Warr
             ,
             which
             only
             can
             warrant
             it
             lawful
             ,
             we
             all
             know
             is
             the
             necessary
             preservation
             of
             a
             Common-wealth
             in
             Peace
             ,
             by
             repressing
             (
             or
             preventing
             )
             all
             Seditions
             ,
             or
             
               Hostile
               attempts
            
             to
             the
             contrary
             ;
             but
             as
             in
             other
             things
             it
             often
             happeneth
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             saying
             
               [
               Finis
               non
               idem
               est
               artis
               &
               artificis
               ]
            
             so
             here
             many
             times
             the
             warriour
             hath
             another
             end
             to
             himself
             far
             distant
             from
             that
             of
             Warr
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             distant
             ever
             the
             worse
             ;
             as
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             the
             action
             is
             ever
             by
             so
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             the
             intention
             of
             the
             person
             hath
             a
             
               near
               affinity
               with
            
             ,
             or
             a
             
               directer
               tendency
               unto
            
             that
             for
             which
             the
             thing
             it self
             was
             ordained
             .
          
           
           
             2.
             
             Now
             the
             ends
             ,
             which
             men
             desirous
             to
             follow
             the
             Warrs
             do
             usually
             propose
             to
             themselves
             in
             so
             doing
             ,
             are
             especially
             one
             of
             these
             Three
             ,
             
               Lucre
               ,
               Honour
            
             ,
             or
             
               to
               do
               their
               Countrey
               service
            
             ;
             concerning
             which
             we
             are
             to
             enquire
             severally
             ,
             whether
             or
             no
             ,
             and
             how
             far
             forth
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             may
             be
             a
             
               sufficient
               inducement
            
             to
             a
             Christian
             ,
             or
             but
             
               morall
               man
            
             ,
             to
             follow
             the
             Warrs
             ,
             as
             his
             
               particular
               Calling
            
             ,
             or
             Profession
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             For
             Lucre
             first
             :
             He
             that
             hath
             a
             warrant
             otherwise
             to
             imploy
             himself
             as
             a
             Souldier
             ,
             may
             doubtless
             lawfully
             both
             
               receive
               pay
            
             and
             require
             it
             ;
             
               Iohn
               the
               Baptist
            
             allowed
             the
             Souldiers
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Luke
             3.
             14.
             
             And
             St.
             Paul
             thought
             it
             not
             reasonable
             ,
             that
             any
             man
             should
             go
             to
             warfare
             at
             his
             
               own
               charges
            
             ,
             1
             Cor.
             9.
             7.
             
             Nor
             so
             only
             ,
             but
             he
             may
             also
             ,
             in
             putting
             himself
             upon
             
             that
             imployment
             (
             being
             called
             thereunto
             )
             have
             an
             eye
             to
             his
             profit
             ,
             and
             an
             
               actual
               intention
            
             .
             (
             if
             moderate
             and
             otherwise
             rightly
             qualified
             )
             of
             getting
             himself
             a
             livelyhood
             ,
             yea
             and
             of
             raising
             himself
             a
             fortune
             (
             as
             we
             call
             it
             )
             by
             his
             service
             therein
             ;
             even
             as
             men
             in
             the
             choice
             of
             other
             Professions
             ,
             or
             undertaking
             Offices
             ,
             usually
             do
             and
             so
             may
             do
             without
             sin
             ;
             but
             to
             propose
             to
             himself
             Lucre
             ,
             as
             the
             
               main
               end
            
             and
             scope
             of
             following
             the
             Warrs
             (
             as
             it
             is
             evident
             by
             their
             actions
             ,
             that
             very
             many
             of
             our
             Common
             Souldiers
             do
             )
             is
             one
             of
             the
             most
             hateful
             and
             unrighteous
             things
             in
             the
             World
             :
             so
             far
             is
             it
             from
             being
             a
             
               sufficient
               inducement
            
             to
             any
             man
             to
             make
             that
             his
             Profession
             .
             How
             can
             it
             be
             imagined
             to
             be
             consistent
             with
             that
             
               Charity
               ,
               Iustice
            
             ,
             and
             Moderation
             ,
             that
             should
             be
             in
             every
             Christian
             to
             set
             up
             a
             Trade
             of
             
             
               killing
               of
               Men
            
             for
             Money
             ?
             The
             meer
             
               Mercenary
               Souldier
            
             therefore
             ,
             or
             a
             Souldier
             of
             fortune
             (
             as
             we
             call
             him
             )
             I
             finde
             every
             where
             inveigh'd
             against
             ;
             as
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             Scourages
             or
             Plagues
             of
             Mankind
             ;
             for
             such
             men
             never
             look
             at
             the
             Cause
             they
             engage
             for
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             right
             or
             wrong
             ,
             but
             at
             the
             pay
             and
             prey
             ;
             and
             therefore
             they
             take
             their
             best
             Markets
             ,
             and
             care
             not
             whom
             they
             
               undo
               ,
               kill
            
             and
             oppress
             ,
             by
             
               Violence
               ,
               Rapine
               ,
               Murther
            
             ,
             and
             Plunder
             ,
             so
             they
             may
             but
             enrich
             themselves
             thereby
             ,
             and
             can
             do
             it
             with
             safety
             :
             Nor
             will
             they
             stick
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             an
             advantage
             to
             be
             made
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             can
             spy
             a
             fit
             opportunity
             for
             it
             ,
             either
             to
             betray
             their
             own
             party
             ,
             or
             to
             revolt
             to
             the
             
               other
               side
            
             ,
             or
             to
             do
             any
             other
             act
             ,
             though
             never
             so
             base
             and
             dishonest
             ,
             
               Nulla
               fides
               pietasque
               viris
               qui
               castra
               sequuntur
               .
            
          
           
           
             4.
             
             Next
             the
             intuition
             of
             Honour
             and
             Glory
             to
             be
             acquired
             by
             
               worthy
               Actions
            
             in
             the
             Warrs
             ,
             may
             be
             not
             only
             lawful
             ,
             but
             commendable
             also
             and
             useful
             in
             a
             Souldier
             ;
             and
             truly
             this
             of
             Glory
             is
             a
             more
             
               noble
               end
            
             ,
             of
             a
             higher
             pitch
             ,
             and
             more
             befitttng
             a
             Generous
             spirit
             by
             much
             ,
             then
             that
             of
             Lucre
             is
             ;
             both
             because
             Men
             of
             
               eminent
               Birth
            
             ,
             and
             Place
             ,
             and
             Parts
             ,
             are
             aptest
             to
             be
             affected
             with
             it
             ;
             whereas
             Gain
             worketh
             most
             upon
             the
             
               lower
               sort
            
             of
             Men
             ,
             and
             also
             because
             it
             putteth
             Men
             upon
             more
             worthy
             Enterprizes
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             may
             win
             Honour
             and
             Reputation
             ;
             and
             
               restraineth
               them
            
             from
             those
             
               baser
               acts
            
             of
             
               Injustice
               ,
               Cruelty
            
             ,
             and
             Rapine
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             desire
             of
             Gain
             usually
             prompteth
             the
             mercenary
             Man
             ;
             but
             yet
             as
             to
             the
             warranting
             of
             the
             Souldier
             for
             making
             that
             his
             Profession
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             the
             Point
             now
             in
             hand
             )
             this
             of
             Glory
             is
             
             of
             no
             importance
             ,
             then
             was
             that
             of
             Gain
             ;
             for
             the
             
               right
               end
            
             of
             Warr
             being
             a
             safe
             and
             
               honourable
               Peace
            
             ,
             there
             is
             something
             common
             to
             both
             (
             consequential
             to
             the
             desire
             of
             Glory
             ;
             as
             well
             as
             of
             Gain
             )
             so
             inconsistent
             with
             that
             end
             ,
             that
             it
             setteth
             them
             at
             an
             equal
             ,
             or
             not
             much
             
               unequal
               distance
            
             therefrom
             :
             For
             as
             he
             that
             aimeth
             to
             gain
             by
             the
             Warrs
             ,
             cannot
             but
             desire
             the
             continuance
             of
             Warr
             ,
             that
             so
             his
             hopes
             of
             gain
             may
             continue
             ;
             so
             he
             that
             aimeth
             to
             get
             himself
             Glory
             by
             the
             Warrs
             ,
             cannot
             but
             desire
             the
             continuance
             of
             Warr
             ,
             that
             so
             the
             opportunities
             of
             encreasing
             his
             Glory
             may
             continue
             ;
             for
             there
             is
             a
             Dropsie
             of
             vain-glory
             in
             the
             Ambitious
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             of
             Avarice
             in
             the
             Covetous
             ,
             as
             thirsty
             and
             unsatiable
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             other
             ;
             whence
             it
             cometh
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             both
             the
             one
             and
             the
             other
             use
             their
             
               utmost
               
               wits
            
             and
             endeavours
             to
             find
             occasions
             to
             lengthen
             the
             Warrs
             ,
             and
             to
             obstruct
             and
             retard
             (
             so
             much
             as
             lieth
             in
             them
             )
             the
             advices
             of
             Peace
             :
             Nay
             ,
             let
             me
             add
             moreover
             ,
             that
             in
             this
             respect
             at
             least
             
               (
               viz.
            
             as
             to
             the
             effectual
             hindring
             of
             Peace
             )
             that
             of
             Honour
             and
             Glory
             ,
             is
             much
             the
             more
             
               dangerous
               end
            
             of
             the
             two
             ;
             because
             this
             humour
             is
             aptest
             to
             seize
             upon
             the
             
               greatest
               persons
            
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             by
             priviledge
             of
             their
             
               birth
               ,
               eminency
            
             of
             their
             
               places
               ,
               activeness
            
             of
             their
             
               spirits
               ,
               glory
            
             of
             their
             
               former
               actions
            
             ,
             or
             other
             like
             advantages
             ,
             bear
             a
             great
             sway
             in
             Counsels
             ,
             and
             are
             of
             some
             authority
             in
             the
             Armies
             :
             whereas
             the
             Peasantry
             ,
             in
             whom
             most
             of
             the
             other
             humour
             (
             that
             of
             base
             Lucre
             )
             aboundeth
             ,
             have
             neither
             the
             wit
             nor
             the
             power
             ordinarily
             to
             do
             much
             harm
             .
             It
             hath
             therefore
             been
             a
             constant
             observation
             in
             all
             times
             and
             places
             ,
             that
             
             the
             embroyling
             most
             Common-wealths
             in
             Warrs
             ,
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             and
             working
             their
             ruin
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             hath
             grown
             from
             the
             restlessness
             of
             some
             
               ambitious
               spirits
            
             ,
             and
             their
             immoderate
             thirst
             after
             Honour
             and
             Glory
             :
          
           
             
               —
               Patriam
               tamen
               obruit
               olim
            
             
               Gloria
               paucorum
               ,
               &
               laudis
               titulique
               cupido
               :
            
             
               Juvenal
               Sat.
               10.
               
            
          
           
             5.
             
             So
             that
             if
             there
             be
             any
             possibility
             of
             finding
             a
             person
             capable
             to
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             imployment
             of
             a
             Souldier
             ,
             as
             his
             proper
             Profession
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             among
             those
             that
             propose
             to
             themselves
             the
             
               same
               end
            
             therein
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             or
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             
               end
               of
               Warr
            
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             those
             that
             after
             an
             impartial
             search
             of
             their
             own
             hearts
             ,
             can
             truly
             say
             (
             and
             not
             pretend
             it
             only
             )
             
               That
               their
               chiefest
               aim
               in
               applying
               themselves
               
               to
               the
               Warrs
               ,
               is
               to
               do
               their
               King
               and
               Country
               service
               ,
               in
               procuring
               or
               preserving
               the
               Peace
               thereof
               :
            
             which
             no
             man
             can
             truly
             say
             ,
             but
             he
             that
             preferreth
             the
             
               publick
               Good
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Peace
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             before
             all
             
               private
               interests
            
             .
             The
             tryal
             whereof
             is
             ,
             if
             he
             take
             up
             Armes
             with
             this
             Resolution
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             after
             carriage
             make
             it
             good
             ,
             not
             to
             do
             any
             act
             ,
             or
             enterprise
             any
             thing
             for
             his
             
               own
               benefit
               ,
               glory
            
             ,
             or
             safety
             that
             may
             hinder
             ;
             nor
             to
             refuse
             any
             service
             or
             hazzard
             ,
             that
             may
             probably
             promote
             the
             obtaining
             of
             that
             end
             ,
             which
             Qualification
             supposed
             ,
             I
             deny
             not
             but
             that
             a
             Man
             may
             find
             warrant
             to
             go
             on
             in
             the
             way
             of
             a
             Souldier
             as
             his
             proper
             Profession
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             two
             Cases
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             First
             ,
             that
             which
             (
             in
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             
               (
               Imployment
            
             it self
             )
             is
             rather
             an
             Office
             then
             a
             Profession
             (
             such
             as
             we
             
             have
             already
             shewen
             the
             
               Soulders
               imployment
            
             to
             be
             )
             may
             yet
             become
             to
             the
             person
             so
             imployed
             ,
             as
             his
             proper
             Profession
             ,
             if
             he
             shall
             be
             appointed
             thereunto
             by
             
               lawful
               Authority
            
             ;
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             done
             with
             a
             
               declared
               intention
            
             whether
             expresly
             or
             interpretatively
             declared
             )
             of
             continuing
             him
             for
             life
             ,
             or
             for
             any
             
               long
               space
            
             in
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             said
             imployment
             during
             such
             his
             continuance
             therein
             ,
             shall
             require
             his
             
               personal
               attendance
            
             ,
             either
             constantly
             or
             for
             the
             most
             part
             :
             As
             for
             example
             ,
             a
             Lawyer
             by
             Profession
             and
             Practice
             ,
             is
             by
             his
             Sovereign
             called
             to
             be
             a
             Iudge
             of
             either
             Bench
             ,
             or
             a
             Baron
             of
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Iudge
             is
             now
             become
             his
             Profession
             ,
             or
             
               particular
               Vocation
            
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             supposed
             that
             he
             is
             to
             continue
             in
             that
             Office
             ;
             and
             the
             execution
             of
             that
             Office
             will
             require
             his
             attendance
             
             thereupon
             ,
             in
             the
             yearly
             Terms
             and
             Circuits
             :
             but
             if
             the
             King
             shall
             appoint
             a
             Serjeant
             or
             Counsellor
             at
             the
             Law
             ,
             by
             his
             particular
             Commission
             to
             ride
             this
             
               Summers
               Circuit
            
             ,
             into
             such
             and
             such
             Countries
             ,
             and
             there
             to
             execute
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             the
             Party
             so
             constituted
             and
             appointed
             hath
             by
             virtue
             of
             that
             Commission
             ,
             full
             power
             to
             do
             the
             Office
             of
             Iudge
             in
             that
             Circuit
             ,
             and
             is
             to
             be
             received
             and
             honoured
             with
             the
             title
             of
             Lord
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             testimonies
             of
             honour
             and
             respect
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             ample
             manner
             as
             other
             Iudges
             in
             their
             Circuits
             are
             ;
             yet
             doth
             he
             not
             thereby
             come
             to
             be
             denominated
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             as
             if
             that
             were
             his
             proper
             Profession
             ,
             or
             ordinary
             Calling
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             former
             Case
             ;
             because
             he
             is
             impowered
             to
             execute
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             but
             during
             the
             time
             of
             that
             Circuit
             only
             :
             Nor
             is
             his
             
             attendance
             upon
             that
             Office
             any
             longer
             required
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             as
             allowed
             him
             .
             In
             like
             manner
             ,
             if
             the
             King
             of
             England
             shall
             make
             choice
             of
             some
             person
             of
             Quality
             to
             be
             Governour
             of
             
               Dover
               Castle
            
             ,
             or
             of
             Barwick
             ,
             that
             Office
             then
             is
             as
             his
             Profession
             or
             particular
             Calling
             ;
             because
             it
             is
             to
             be
             supposed
             ,
             he
             is
             to
             continue
             in
             that
             imployment
             ,
             and
             to
             attend
             the
             same
             ,
             untill
             the
             
               Kings
               pleasure
            
             be
             further
             known
             therein
             :
             but
             if
             the
             King
             upon
             some
             suddain
             Insurrection
             and
             Invasion
             should
             raise
             an
             Army
             ,
             and
             make
             choice
             of
             some
             person
             of
             like
             Quality
             to
             have
             the
             Conduct
             thereof
             ,
             for
             the
             Suppressing
             or
             Repelling
             such
             Insurrection
             or
             Invasion
             ,
             his
             Imployment
             in
             that
             service
             being
             but
             temporary
             and
             to
             determine
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             business
             were
             ended
             ,
             should
             not
             otherwise
             then
             in
             curtesie
             ,
             denominate
             
             him
             a
             General
             ;
             or
             at
             least
             not
             be
             esteemed
             as
             his
             permanent
             profession
             ,
             but
             only
             as
             a
             
               transient
               Office
            
             :
             This
             is
             one
             Case
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             The
             other
             Case
             (
             which
             is
             more
             pertinent
             to
             the
             business
             of
             these
             Letters
             )
             is
             of
             such
             as
             desire
             to
             
               imploy
               themselves
            
             in
             the
             exercise
             of
             Armes
             in
             
               Foreign
               Service
            
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             attain
             to
             such
             knowledge
             or
             experience
             in
             the
             
               Art
               Military
            
             ,
             as
             might
             the
             better
             enable
             them
             to
             do
             their
             King
             and
             
               Country
               Service
            
             ,
             whensoever
             there
             should
             be
             need
             thereof
             ;
             for
             since
             the
             Manegery
             of
             Warr
             ,
             is
             long
             since
             grown
             into
             an
             Art
             ,
             and
             that
             not
             to
             be
             learned
             from
             Books
             ,
             or
             from
             
               private
               study
            
             ;
             but
             to
             be
             acquired
             by
             much
             practice
             ,
             and
             experience
             ,
             and
             
               diligent
               observation
            
             :
             and
             the
             rather
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             particular
             Rules
             of
             that
             Art
             ,
             do
             not
             stand
             at
             such
             a
             certain
             stay
             ,
             as
             
             those
             of
             most
             other
             Arts
             do
             ,
             but
             are
             dayly
             altered
             and
             improved
             by
             
               new
               inventions
            
             :
             It
             is
             very
             necessary
             for
             every
             State
             to
             be
             well
             provided
             of
             a
             good
             number
             of
             such
             persons
             of
             their
             
               own
               Nation
            
             ,
             as
             should
             be
             expert
             and
             skilful
             in
             that
             Art
             ;
             least
             they
             should
             be
             forced
             ,
             if
             an
             
               unexpected
               Warr
            
             should
             happen
             ,
             to
             call
             in
             Foreigners
             for
             assistance
             ,
             which
             is
             both
             dishonourable
             and
             dangerous
             :
             the
             necessity
             hereof
             too
             well
             appeareth
             by
             the
             
               evill
               consequents
            
             of
             the
             neglect
             of
             it
             in
             
               this
               Nation
            
             in
             these
             
               latter
               times
            
             ,
             especially
             in
             the
             Reigns
             of
             the
             
               two
               last
               Kings
            
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             
               long
               Peace
            
             ;
             and
             (
             which
             commonly
             breedeth
             out
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             the
             rust
             and
             canker
             thereof
             )
             tenderness
             of
             Education
             ,
             and
             
               voluptuous
               living
            
             .
             The
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             of
             England
             in
             the
             generality
             of
             them
             ,
             had
             so
             much
             degenerated
             from
             the
             
               Martial
               Prowess
            
             of
             
             their
             Ancestors
             renowned
             in
             all
             Histories
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             these
             
               unnatural
               Warrs
            
             ,
             there
             were
             very
             few
             to
             be
             found
             of
             our
             own
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             ,
             fit
             to
             have
             command
             in
             an
             Army
             ,
             or
             that
             knew
             any
             thing
             belonging
             to
             the
             Art
             of
             Warr
             ;
             insomuch
             as
             use
             was
             made
             on
             both
             sides
             of
             
               Mercenary
               Men
            
             ,
             and
             most
             of
             them
             Scots
             ,
             who
             being
             for
             the
             most
             part
             bred
             up
             abroad
             (
             in
             France
             especially
             ,
             a
             place
             of
             much
             action
             )
             had
             learned
             experience
             more
             then
             our
             English
             had
             in
             such
             matters
             ,
             by
             which
             advantage
             they
             had
             so
             wound
             themselves
             into
             the
             
               chief
               places
            
             of
             Command
             ,
             and
             had
             such
             an
             influence
             into
             the
             Councils
             of
             both
             sides
             ,
             that
             the
             Warr
             was
             in
             a
             manner
             
               wholy
               ordered
            
             by
             their
             directions
             ,
             witness
             the
             great
             power
             that
             
               Ruthen
               ,
               Urrey
               ,
               King
               ,
               Meldram
               ,
            
             &c.
             had
             in
             the
             Armies
             on
             either
             side
             .
          
           
           
             8.
             
             The
             weightiness
             then
             of
             
               Princes
               Affairs
            
             ,
             upon
             all
             
               emergent
               occasions
            
             rendring
             it
             necessary
             for
             them
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             have
             power
             to
             command
             their
             Subjects
             of
             whatsoever
             Rank
             or
             Profession
             to
             serve
             as
             Souldiers
             in
             their
             Warrs
             ;
             but
             also
             to
             provide
             aforehand
             for
             a
             supply
             of
             
               able
               men
            
             ,
             both
             for
             places
             of
             Command
             ,
             and
             to
             execute
             other
             parts
             of
             that
             service
             ,
             which
             cannot
             be
             done
             ,
             unless
             a
             considerable
             number
             of
             persons
             be
             
               trained
               up
            
             in
             the
             exercise
             of
             Armes
             ,
             and
             
               bred
               Souldiers
            
             :
             It
             is
             consequently
             necessary
             ,
             that
             some
             persons
             be
             ,
             either
             by
             their
             Authority
             appointed
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             by
             their
             permission
             allowed
             ,
             to
             addict
             themselves
             to
             a
             
               Military
               course
               of
               life
            
             ,
             as
             their
             proper
             Profession
             and
             Calling
             ,
             which
             Authority
             or
             Permission
             from
             their
             Sovereign
             ,
             will
             sufficiently
             warrant
             to
             their
             conscience
             the
             choice
             of
             that
             Profession
             ;
             supposing
             (
             as
             
             now
             we
             do
             )
             that
             the
             intention
             be
             right
             ,
             the
             person
             
               meetly
               qualified
            
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Cautions
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             
               matter
               ,
               manner
               ,
               circumstances
            
             and
             otherwise
             duly
             observed
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             The
             necessity
             of
             learning
             this
             Art
             granted
             ,
             there
             may
             sometimes
             follow
             a
             further
             necessity
             ,
             viz.
             of
             learning
             it
             abroad
             ,
             and
             after
             it
             is
             learned
             ,
             of
             exercising
             it
             abroad
             ,
             and
             in
             
               Foreign
               service
            
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             these
             
               two
               Cases
            
             :
             First
             ,
             when
             the
             Soldiers
             
               own
               Country
            
             ,
             whereunto
             his
             service
             is
             principally
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             first
             place
             due
             ,
             hath
             either
             the
             happiness
             to
             be
             in
             a
             
               setled
               Peace
            
             and
             Freedome
             ,
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             a
             
               lawful
               Sovereign
            
             ;
             or
             the
             unhappiness
             to
             be
             in
             such
             servitude
             ,
             through
             the
             prevalency
             of
             an
             
               Usurping
               Power
            
             ,
             that
             no
             Resistance
             can
             be
             made
             there
             against
             ;
             for
             in
             the
             former
             Case
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             exercise
             at
             all
             of
             the
             
               Souldiers
               faculty
            
             in
             earnest
             ;
             
             and
             of
             what
             little
             avail
             to
             the
             attaining
             of
             any
             
               solid
               knowledge
            
             ,
             or
             experience
             in
             the
             
               Art
               Military
            
             ,
             such
             superficial
             trainings
             ,
             as
             were
             used
             (
             and
             those
             but
             very
             seldom
             neither
             )
             by
             the
             Lieutenants
             of
             the
             several
             Counties
             here
             in
             England
             ,
             with
             the
             Country-Captains
             and
             Muster-Masters
             are
             (
             besides
             that
             our
             own
             reason
             will
             tell
             us
             )
             the
             Rawness
             and
             Unserviceableness
             of
             our
             Trained-bands
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             
               late
               Warrs
            
             did
             abundantly
             manifest
             :
             and
             in
             the
             latter
             Case
             ,
             the
             Souldier
             if
             he
             will
             have
             Imployment
             at
             home
             ,
             must
             either
             engage
             on
             the
             behalf
             of
             an
             
               unjust
               Power
            
             ,
             or
             else
             run
             upon
             his
             own
             certain
             destruction
             to
             no
             purpose
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             IV.
             Consideration
             of
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             Person
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             THis
             must
             be
             considered
             too
             ;
             for
             the
             different
             conditions
             of
             persons
             ,
             may
             make
             a
             great
             difference
             in
             the
             lawfulness
             or
             unlawfulness
             of
             their
             actions
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             
               old
               saying
            
             ,
             which
             holdeth
             true
             in
             
               this
               sence
            
             also
             ,
             no
             less
             then
             in
             
               that
               other
            
             in
             which
             it
             is
             commonly
             used
             (
             relating
             to
             Mens
             corrupt
             partialities
             )
             
               Duo
               cum
               faciunt
               idem
               ,
               non
               est
               idem
               .
            
             In
             your
             Friends
             second
             Letter
             ,
             I
             find
             a
             demand
             made
             (
             as
             in
             the
             way
             of
             Reply
             to
             some
             passage
             of
             your
             Answer
             to
             his
             first
             Letter
             )
             to
             this
             purpose
             ;
             Suppose
             
               two
               great
               Princes
            
             (
             as
             France
             and
             Spain
             for
             instance
             )
             have
             had
             
               long
               Warrs
            
             together
             ,
             and
             the
             justice
             of
             the
             Cause
             appear
             neither
             more
             nor
             less
             ,
             on
             the
             
               one
               
               side
            
             ,
             then
             the
             other
             ,
             if
             in
             case
             a
             
               third
               Prince
            
             or
             State
             ,
             out
             of
             a
             sincere
             desire
             to
             Establish
             the
             Peace
             of
             Christendome
             ,
             after
             other
             offers
             and
             mediations
             for
             that
             purpose
             made
             in
             vain
             ,
             might
             lawfully
             joyn
             in
             Armes
             with
             the
             
               one
               party
            
             to
             force
             the
             other
             to
             Peace
             ,
             why
             a
             
               private
               person
            
             might
             not
             as
             lawfully
             (
             having
             the
             same
             intention
             )
             enter
             into
             Armes
             for
             the
             same
             purpose
             ;
             and
             the
             reason
             of
             demand
             thereof
             is
             ,
             because
             every
             Prince
             or
             State
             is
             (
             in
             relation
             to
             other
             Princes
             and
             States
             )
             but
             as
             one
             
               private
               man
            
             to
             another
             ;
             for
             being
             called
             to
             the
             Regiment
             of
             his
             
               own
               people
            
             only
             ,
             he
             is
             but
             as
             a
             
               private
               man
            
             in
             
               Aliena
               Republica
            
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             But
             that
             there
             is
             a
             great
             difference
             between
             a
             
               Sovereign
               Prince
            
             and
             a
             
               private
               person
            
             in
             this
             affair
             ,
             it
             cannot
             be
             denied
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             I
             find
             in
             the
             very
             same
             passage
             (
             put
             in
             as
             it
             
             were
             by
             way
             of
             
               Objection
               )
               three
            
             very
             considerable
             differences
             .
             First
             ,
             That
             Princes
             may
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             are
             obliged
             by
             Articles
             and
             Covenants
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             their
             Allies
             to
             take
             up
             Armes
             ,
             which
             cannot
             be
             the
             case
             of
             
               private
               Men.
            
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             Princes
             may
             see
             cause
             to
             set
             in
             for
             their
             
               own
               safety
            
             and
             interest
             ,
             least
             the
             
               prevailing
               party
            
             might
             grow
             
               too
               Potent
            
             ,
             and
             so
             themselves
             might
             be
             oppressed
             by
             him
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             greater
             probability
             in
             a
             Prince
             of
             compassing
             that
             Noble
             and
             Glorious
             end
             ,
             
               The
               Peace
               of
               Christendome
            
             ,
             then
             can
             be
             in
             a
             
               private
               Man.
            
             All
             these
             differences
             are
             allowed
             there
             as
             true
             ;
             but
             yet
             excepted
             against
             ,
             as
             not
             contributing
             any
             thing
             to
             the
             justice
             of
             the
             cause
             which
             is
             here
             the
             Question
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             If
             these
             do
             not
             ,
             yet
             a
             
               Fourth
               difference
            
             there
             is
             ,
             that
             will
             (
             as
             I
             conceive
             )
             
             manifestly
             contribute
             thereunto
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             that
             
               Ius
               Belli
            
             ,
             is
             
               Penes
               Principem
               solam
            
             :
             in
             the
             business
             of
             Warr
             ,
             Princes
             have
             a
             
               judicial
               ,
               private
               Men
            
             an
             
               executive
               power
            
             only
             ;
             and
             he
             that
             hath
             no
             power
             but
             to
             execute
             the
             sentence
             of
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             is
             bound
             to
             waite
             the
             
               Iudges
               sentence
            
             before
             he
             offer
             to
             act
             ;
             otherwise
             he
             shall
             act
             beyond
             his
             
               lawful
               power
            
             ,
             which
             is
             unjust
             :
             Not
             but
             that
             a
             Prince
             if
             he
             raise
             a
             Warr
             where
             he
             ought
             not
             ,
             is
             unjust
             too
             ;
             even
             as
             a
             Iudge
             is
             unjust
             ,
             which
             pronounceth
             a
             
               wrong
               sentence
            
             :
             but
             herein
             is
             the
             difference
             between
             them
             for
             taking
             up
             of
             Armes
             .
             The
             Prince
             having
             
               jus
               agendi
            
             in
             that
             behalf
             ,
             may
             do
             it
             justly
             ,
             and
             he
             may
             do
             it
             unjustly
             ;
             yet
             where
             he
             doth
             it
             unjustly
             ,
             doth
             but
             
               abuti
               jure
               suo
            
             :
             but
             the
             
               private
               person
            
             ,
             not
             having
             
               jus
               agendi
            
             ,
             in
             that
             respect
             cannot
             (
             without
             the
             Authority
             of
             
             the
             Sovereign
             )
             do
             it
             otherwise
             then
             unjustly
             ;
             because
             in
             so
             doing
             ,
             he
             doth
             without
             leave
             
               uti
               jure
               alieno
            
             ,
             which
             is
             alwayes
             unjust
             .
             It
             is
             one
             thing
             for
             a
             Man
             to
             use
             (
             whether
             well
             or
             ill
             )
             a
             power
             that
             of
             right
             belongeth
             
               to
               him
            
             ,
             and
             another
             to
             assume
             a
             power
             that
             of
             right
             belongeth
             
               not
               to
               him
            
             ;
             the
             one
             is
             not
             unjust
             ,
             unless
             he
             abuse
             his
             Power
             ;
             the
             
               other
               is
            
             if
             he
             use
             it
             at
             all
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Neither
             perhaps
             will
             the
             Reason
             alledged
             to
             the
             contrary
             
               (
               viz.
            
             that
             a
             Prince
             in
             point
             of
             justice
             and
             power
             is
             in
             
               Aliena
               republica
            
             but
             as
             a
             
               private
               person
            
             )
             bear
             so
             much
             weight
             as
             is
             laid
             upon
             it
             ,
             if
             one
             Point
             be
             well
             considered
             ,
             which
             I
             think
             will
             prove
             a
             truth
             ,
             though
             it
             be
             very
             tenderly
             handled
             ;
             otherwise
             it
             may
             prove
             very
             dangerous
             ,
             both
             because
             it
             may
             seem
             a
             Paradox
             to
             those
             that
             have
             been
             
             little
             conversant
             in
             
               publique
               Affairs
            
             ;
             as
             also
             ,
             and
             especially
             ,
             because
             it
             may
             ,
             by
             racking
             it
             too
             high
             ,
             be
             easily
             wrested
             to
             a
             
               mischievous
               construction
            
             ,
             for
             the
             Patronage
             of
             any
             
               Tyrannical
               action
            
             ;
             the
             point
             is
             this
             ,
             that
             
               Iustitia
               politica
            
             ;
             and
             
               Iustitia
               privata
            
             ,
             have
             not
             in
             all
             the
             same
             adequate
             measure
             .
             Princes
             are
             bound
             to
             be
             just
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             
               meanest
               private
               men
            
             are
             ,
             and
             obliged
             to
             keep
             faith
             both
             with
             Friends
             and
             Enemies
             ,
             every
             whit
             as
             exactly
             and
             punctually
             ,
             without
             
               equivocation
               ,
               reservation
            
             ,
             or
             other
             
               eluding
               devices
            
             ,
             as
             they
             ;
             of
             all
             this
             no
             man
             doubteth
             :
             but
             it
             is
             not
             therefore
             necessary
             ,
             that
             the
             Rules
             of
             Iustice
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Councils
             and
             Actions
             of
             Princes
             and
             States
             ,
             in
             their
             mutual
             Relations
             are
             to
             be
             measured
             ,
             should
             be
             precisely
             
               the
               same
            
             with
             those
             which
             measure
             the
             dealings
             of
             Private
             men
             one
             with
             another
             .
          
           
           
             5.
             
             And
             the
             reason
             of
             the
             difference
             is
             evident
             ;
             private
             Mens
             Controversies
             may
             be
             decided
             ,
             and
             their
             
               Injuries
               repressed
            
             or
             punished
             ,
             by
             the
             
               positive
               Laws
            
             of
             the
             State
             whereof
             they
             are
             Members
             ;
             and
             consequently
             subject
             to
             be
             ordered
             in
             all
             their
             dealings
             by
             those
             Laws
             ;
             which
             
               positive
               Laws
            
             (
             together
             with
             the
             Law
             of
             Nature
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Divine
               Law
            
             ,
             which
             are
             common
             to
             all
             Men
             )
             are
             the
             
               adequate
               Rule
            
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Iustice
             of
             
               private
               persons
            
             ,
             and
             of
             their
             actions
             is
             to
             be
             measured
             ;
             but
             since
             Princes
             and
             States
             are
             not
             subject
             to
             any
             such
             
               positive
               Laws
            
             common
             to
             them
             both
             ,
             as
             may
             determine
             their
             Differences
             and
             Controversies
             ;
             The
             great
             necessity
             of
             
               Humane
               Affairs
            
             ,
             hath
             (
             for
             the
             good
             of
             Mankind
             in
             the
             preservation
             of
             Peace
             )
             introduced
             by
             the
             
               common
               
               consent
            
             of
             Nations
             ,
             another
             Law
             of
             larger
             extent
             ,
             that
             which
             we
             peculiarly
             call
             
               Ius
               Gentium
            
             ,
             or
             the
             
               Law
               of
               Nations
            
             (
             whereof
             that
             which
             we
             also
             call
             the
             
               Law
               of
               Armes
               ▪
            
             is
             one
             special
             part
             )
             by
             which
             the
             
               Law
               of
               Nations
            
             (
             together
             with
             the
             
               Law
               of
               Nature
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Divine
               Law
            
             as
             aforesaid
             )
             the
             Iustice
             of
             Princes
             and
             States
             ,
             and
             of
             their
             Actions
             ,
             is
             as
             by
             the
             proper
             and
             adequate
             Rule
             thereof
             to
             be
             measured
             .
             Whence
             it
             cometh
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             sundry
             things
             are
             by
             the
             Rules
             of
             
               Politique
               Iustice
            
             allowed
             as
             lawful
             and
             just
             between
             Princes
             ,
             which
             between
             
               private
               men
            
             ,
             would
             by
             the
             rules
             of
             meer
             
               moral
               Iustice
            
             ,
             be
             condemned
             (
             and
             that
             deservedly
             too
             )
             as
             unjust
             and
             unlawful
             :
             There
             are
             sundry
             
               Arcana
               Imperii
            
             ,
             some
             arts
             and
             simulations
             for
             maintaining
             
               Intelligence
               abroad
            
             ,
             for
             concealing
             and
             disguising
             
             
               Councils
               at
               home
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Instructions
             of
             Embassadors
             and
             menaging
             of
             Embassies
             ,
             in
             making
             Alliances
             and
             Confederacies
             ,
             but
             especially
             in
             the
             persuance
             and
             effects
             of
             Warr
             ,
             which
             seem
             much
             to
             swerve
             from
             the
             ordinary
             Precepts
             of
             
               morall
               Iustice
            
             ;
             which
             yet
             
               (
               fide
               integrâ
               &
               citra
               dolum
               malum
               )
            
             are
             by
             the
             consent
             of
             Nations
             allowed
             to
             be
             used
             ,
             and
             so
             must
             be
             ,
             or
             else
             there
             could
             be
             no
             
               secure
               living
            
             in
             the
             World
             in
             any
             Society
             ;
             that
             saying
             of
             his
             
               Atque
               ipsa
               utilitas
               justi
               prope
               mater
               &
               aequi
               ,
            
             had
             somewhat
             of
             truth
             and
             reason
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             The
             truth
             and
             reasonableness
             of
             what
             hath
             been
             said
             will
             appear
             (
             omitting
             many
             other
             )
             in
             these
             few
             Instances
             .
             First
             ,
             When
             a
             Town
             is
             taken
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Law
               of
               Nations
            
             ,
             the
             spoil
             thereof
             falleth
             to
             
             the
             Conquerour
             ,
             which
             if
             he
             give
             to
             the
             Souldiery
             to
             plunder
             (
             as
             usually
             is
             done
             )
             every
             Souldier
             thereby
             acquireth
             a
             
               just
               Right
            
             and
             Dominion
             in
             that
             which
             he
             can
             lay
             his
             hand
             on
             first
             ,
             and
             take
             into
             his
             Possession
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             It
             may
             sometimes
             concern
             a
             Prince
             or
             State
             in
             point
             of
             Honour
             or
             Safety
             to
             vindicate
             himself
             by
             Warr
             ,
             for
             some
             wrong
             offered
             to
             his
             Merchants
             ,
             or
             for
             some
             Rudeness
             or
             Incivilities
             done
             to
             his
             Embassador
             (
             for
             even
             these
             ,
             in
             case
             Reparation
             be
             demanded
             ,
             and
             denyed
             ,
             have
             been
             ever
             held
             
               just
               causes
            
             of
             Warr
             ;
             as
             Amphitruo
             in
             Plautus
             rendereth
             that
             as
             a
             sufficient
             reason
             of
             his
             Warr
             ,
             
               Nimis
               ferociter
               legatos
               nostros
               increpant
            
             )
             in
             this
             case
             it
             is
             by
             the
             
               Law
               of
               Nations
            
             allowed
             him
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             fight
             against
             the
             Prince
             himself
             ,
             who
             yet
             only
             did
             the
             wrong
             ,
             but
             to
             wast
             
             his
             
               Country
               ,
               fire
            
             his
             Towns
             and
             Villaeges
             ,
             and
             spoile
             thousands
             of
             his
             
               innocent
               Subjects
            
             of
             their
             fortunes
             and
             lives
             in
             persuance
             of
             his
             
               just
               revenge
            
             ;
             but
             if
             a
             
               private
               Gentleman
            
             wronged
             by
             his
             Neighbour
             should
             in
             like
             manner
             ,
             in
             revenge
             of
             that
             
               wrong
               ,
               beat
            
             his
             
               Servants
               ,
               vex
            
             his
             Tenants
             ,
             and
             seek
             his
             or
             their
             undoing
             ,
             the
             act
             were
             palpably
             most
             unchristian
             and
             
               unjust
               .
               Thirdly
            
             ,
             Since
             
               potent
               Princes
            
             ,
             have
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             great
             Ambitions
             (
             and
             Ambition
             is
             a
             boundless
             lust
             )
             it
             behoveth
             a
             Prince
             for
             his
             
               own
               safety
            
             ,
             to
             have
             a
             watchful
             eye
             over
             the
             Motions
             and
             Designs
             of
             a
             
               potent
               Neighbour
            
             ,
             almost
             as
             much
             as
             of
             a
             
               declared
               Enemy
            
             ;
             and
             therefore
             
               wise
               Princes
            
             have
             been
             ever
             carefull
             by
             all
             
               just
               means
            
             to
             ballance
             their
             
               neighbour
               Princes
            
             and
             States
             ,
             as
             near
             as
             they
             could
             ;
             in
             such
             a
             proportion
             as
             might
             hinder
             the
             too
             much
             over-growth
             
             of
             any
             one
             above
             the
             rest
             :
             In
             order
             whereunto
             it
             hath
             been
             held
             lawful
             for
             a
             Prince
             ,
             laying
             aside
             the
             consideration
             of
             the
             cause
             ,
             to
             joyn
             in
             Armes
             with
             the
             weaker
             ,
             for
             his
             assistance
             against
             his
             
               Potent
               Adversary
            
             ,
             who
             else
             were
             likely
             in
             a
             short
             time
             to
             swallow
             him
             up
             ,
             whereby
             he
             should
             become
             formidable
             and
             dangerous
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             himself
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             other
             his
             
               neighbour
               Princes
            
             and
             States
             ;
             upon
             which
             account
             alone
             ,
             were
             there
             no
             other
             reason
             besides
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             as
             just
             for
             all
             
               Christian
               Princes
            
             to
             compose
             their
             
               own
               quarrels
            
             ,
             and
             to
             aid
             the
             Venetian
             ,
             and
             
               Hungarian
               ,
               Persian
            
             or
             Tartar
             against
             the
             Turk
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             expedient
             and
             honourable
             for
             them
             so
             to
             do
             :
             but
             what
             is
             thus
             allowed
             just
             in
             the
             waging
             of
             Warr
             between
             Princes
             ;
             if
             in
             a
             wager
             of
             Law
             a
             
               private
               person
            
             ,
             should
             attempt
             the
             like
             ,
             viz.
             to
             assist
             with
             
             his
             purse
             and
             pains
             ,
             a
             
               Poor
               man
            
             against
             a
             Rich
             ,
             without
             considering
             the
             equity
             of
             the
             cause
             ;
             the
             act
             were
             (
             as
             in
             the
             former
             Instance
             )
             palpably
             unjust
             and
             unchristian
             :
             Instances
             might
             be
             produced
             many
             more
             to
             the
             same
             effect
             ,
             were
             it
             needful
             :
             but
             these
             I
             think
             sufficiently
             evidence
             the
             truth
             of
             what
             I
             undertook
             to
             shew
             in
             this
             particular
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             There
             are
             also
             sundry
             other
             circumstances
             considerable
             concerning
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             person
             ,
             which
             may
             render
             the
             same
             
               undertaking
               unlawful
            
             to
             one
             ,
             which
             yet
             may
             be
             lawful
             for
             another
             ,
             or
             more
             or
             less
             expedient
             or
             inexpedient
             for
             one
             then
             for
             another
             ,
             supposing
             both
             
               private
               persons
            
             and
             Subjects
             ;
             as
             namely
             ,
             whether
             he
             be
             a
             person
             of
             Honour
             and
             Estate
             ,
             or
             a
             man
             of
             
               ordinary
               rank
            
             and
             fortune
             ;
             whether
             a
             
               single
               man
            
             or
             Married
             ?
             if
             Married
             ;
             
             whether
             he
             have
             the
             consent
             of
             his
             Wife
             or
             no
             ?
             and
             whether
             such
             consent
             were
             a
             free
             and
             
               rational
               consent
            
             in
             the
             Wife
             ,
             arising
             from
             a
             Judgment
             convinced
             of
             the
             fitness
             of
             the
             undertaking
             ,
             or
             rather
             wrung
             from
             her
             by
             the
             importunity
             of
             the
             Husband
             ,
             and
             her
             facility
             in
             yielding
             to
             the
             potency
             of
             his
             desires
             therein
             ?
             whether
             the
             necessity
             of
             his
             
               domestical
               Affairs
            
             ,
             and
             
               Oeconomical
               Relations
            
             will
             brook
             his
             absence
             ,
             for
             so
             long
             a
             time
             ,
             as
             must
             be
             spent
             in
             that
             Imployment
             ;
             or
             will
             not
             rather
             require
             his
             presence
             and
             care
             ,
             for
             the
             menagery
             thereof
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ?
             and
             an
             hundred
             other
             like
             doubts
             and
             difficulties
             meet
             to
             be
             taken
             into
             deliberation
             ,
             and
             unprejudicately
             weighed
             ,
             against
             those
             other
             probabilities
             and
             inducements
             ,
             which
             at
             first
             kindled
             and
             after
             fomented
             his
             desires
             ,
             before
             he
             imbarque
             himself
             in
             that
             Imployment
             :
             
             and
             yet
             when
             all
             is
             done
             ,
             it
             were
             safer
             for
             him
             (
             in
             my
             opinion
             )
             to
             forbear
             then
             to
             proceed
             in
             his
             intentions
             ,
             unless
             he
             shall
             be
             assured
             ,
             that
             he
             hath
             the
             
               free
               allowance
            
             of
             his
             Sovereign
             ,
             thereunto
             either
             expressed
             (
             which
             would
             be
             the
             clearest
             warrant
             for
             his
             conscience
             )
             or
             at
             leastwise
             upon
             very
             pregnant
             grounds
             of
             probability
             presumed
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           CASE
           of
           SCANDAL
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           IN
           judging
           of
           
             Cases
             of
             Scandal
          
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           so
           much
           to
           look
           at
           the
           event
           what
           that
           is
           ,
           or
           may
           be
           ;
           as
           at
           the
           cause
           whence
           it
           cometh
           ;
           for
           sometimes
           there
           is
           given
           
             just
             cause
          
           of
           Scandal
           ,
           and
           yet
           no
           Scandal
           followeth
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           not
           taken
           :
           sometimes
           Scandal
           is
           taken
           ,
           and
           yet
           no
           
             just
             cause
             given
          
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           there
           is
           both
           cause
           of
           
             Scandal
             given
          
           ,
           and
           Scandal
           thereat
           taken
           :
           but
           no
           man
           is
           concerned
           in
           any
           Scandal
           ,
           that
           happeneth
           to
           another
           ,
           by
           occasion
           of
           any
           thing
           done
           by
           him
           ;
           neither
           is
           chargeable
           with
           it
           ,
           farther
           then
           he
           is
           guilty
           of
           having
           given
           it
           :
           If
           then
           we
           
             give
             
             Scandal
          
           to
           others
           ,
           and
           they
           take
           it
           not
           ,
           we
           are
           to
           bear
           a
           share
           in
           the
           blame
           as
           well
           as
           they
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           
             deeper
             share
          
           too
           ,
           
             (
             Vae
             homini
             ,
             Wo
             to
             the
             Man
             by
             whom
             the
             Offence
             cometh
             ,
          
           Matth.
           VIII
           .
           7.
           )
           but
           if
           they
           
             take
             Offence
          
           ,
           when
           we
           give
           none
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           thing
           we
           cannot
           help
           ,
           therefore
           the
           whole
           blame
           must
           lie
           upon
           them
           ;
           wherefore
           if
           at
           any
           time
           any
           doubt
           shall
           arise
           in
           the
           
             Case
             of
             Scandal
          
           ,
           how
           far
           forth
           the
           danger
           thereof
           may
           or
           
             may
             not
             oblige
             us
          
           to
           the
           doing
           or
           
             not
             doing
          
           any
           thing
           proposed
           ,
           the
           Resolution
           will
           come
           on
           much
           the
           easier
           ;
           if
           we
           shall
           but
           rightly
           understand
           ,
           What
           it
           is
           to
           
             give
             Scandal
          
           ,
           or
           how
           many
           wayes
           a
           Man
           may
           become
           guilty
           of
           
             Scandalizing
             another
          
           by
           his
           example
           .
           The
           wayes
           (
           as
           I
           conceive
           )
           are
           but
           these
           four
           .
        
         
         
           2.
           
           The
           first
           is
           when
           a
           Man
           doth
           something
           before
           another
           Man
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           it self
           
             evill
             ,
             unlawfull
          
           ,
           and
           sinfull
           ;
           in
           which
           Case
           neither
           the
           intention
           of
           him
           that
           
             doth
             it
          
           ,
           nor
           the
           event
           ,
           as
           to
           him
           that
           
             seeth
             it
             done
          
           ,
           is
           of
           any
           consideration
           ;
           for
           it
           mattereth
           not
           whether
           the
           doer
           had
           an
           intention
           to
           draw
           the
           other
           into
           sin
           thereby
           or
           not
           :
           neither
           doth
           it
           matter
           ,
           whether
           the
           other
           were
           thereby
           induced
           to
           
             commit
             sin
          
           or
           not
           :
           the
           matter
           or
           substance
           of
           the
           action
           being
           evill
           and
           done
           before
           others
           ,
           is
           sufficient
           to
           render
           the
           
             doer
             guilty
          
           of
           having
           
             given
             Scandal
          
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           neither
           any
           intention
           himself
           so
           to
           do
           ;
           nor
           were
           any
           other
           person
           
             actually
             Scandalized
          
           thereby
           ;
           because
           whatsoever
           is
           in
           it self
           ,
           and
           in
           its
           own
           nature
           evill
           ,
           is
           
           also
           of
           it self
           and
           in
           its
           own
           nature
           Scandalous
           ,
           and
           of
           
             evill
             example
          
           .
           Thus
           did
           Hophni
           and
           Phineas
           the
           Sons
           of
           Eli
           ,
           give
           Scandal
           by
           their
           
             wretched
             prophaness
          
           and
           greediness
           about
           the
           Sacrifices
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           and
           their
           vile
           and
           shameless
           abusing
           the
           
             Women
             ,
             1
             Sam.
             II.
          
           17
           ,
           22.
           
           And
           so
           did
           David
           also
           give
           great
           Scandal
           in
           the
           matter
           of
           
             Uriah
             ,
             2
             Sam.
             xii
          
           .
           14.
           
           Here
           the
           Rule
           is
           ,
           
             Do
             nothing
             that
             is
             evill
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             giving
             Scandal
             .
          
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           
             second
             way
          
           is
           ,
           when
           a
           Man
           doth
           something
           before
           another
           ,
           with
           a
           
             direct
             intention
          
           and
           
             formal
             purpose
          
           of
           drawing
           him
           thereby
           to
           
             commit
             sin
          
           ;
           in
           which
           Case
           ,
           neither
           the
           matter
           of
           the
           action
           ,
           nor
           the
           event
           is
           of
           any
           consideration
           ;
           for
           it
           maketh
           no
           difference
           (
           as
           to
           the
           sin
           of
           
             giving
             Scandal
          
           )
           whether
           any
           Man
           be
           
             effectually
             
             enticed
          
           thereby
           to
           
             commit
             sin
          
           ,
           or
           not
           ;
           neither
           doth
           it
           make
           any
           difference
           ,
           whether
           the
           thing
           done
           were
           in
           it self
           unlawful
           or
           not
           ,
           so
           as
           it
           had
           but
           an
           appearance
           of
           evill
           ;
           and
           from
           thence
           an
           aptitude
           to
           draw
           another
           to
           do
           that
           (
           by
           imitation
           )
           which
           should
           be
           really
           and
           
             intrinsecally
             evill
          
           ,
           the
           
             wicked
             intention
          
           alone
           (
           whatsoever
           the
           effect
           should
           be
           ,
           or
           means
           soever
           should
           be
           used
           to
           promote
           it
           )
           sufficeth
           to
           induce
           the
           guilt
           of
           
             giving
             Scandal
          
           upon
           the
           doer
           :
           This
           was
           Ieroboam's
           sin
           ,
           in
           setting
           up
           the
           Calves
           with
           a
           
             formal
             purpose
          
           and
           intention
           thereby
           (
           for
           his
           own
           secular
           and
           ambitious
           ends
           )
           to
           corrupt
           the
           purity
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           to
           draw
           the
           people
           to
           an
           
             Idolatrous
             worship
          
           ,
           for
           which
           cause
           he
           is
           so
           often
           stigmatized
           with
           it
           ;
           as
           with
           a
           note
           of
           Infamy
           ,
           to
           stick
           by
           him
           
           whilest
           the
           
             world
             lasteth
          
           ,
           being
           scarce
           ever
           mentioned
           but
           with
           this
           addition
           ,
           
             Ierohoam
             the
             son
             of
             Nebat
             that
             made
             Israel
             to
             sin
             .
          
           Here
           the
           Rule
           is
           ,
           
             Do
             nothing
             (
             good
             or
             evil
             )
             with
             an
             intention
             to
             give
             Scandal
             .
          
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           
             third
             way
          
           is
           ,
           when
           a
           Man
           doth
           something
           before
           another
           ,
           which
           in
           it self
           is
           not
           evil
           ,
           but
           indifferent
           ,
           and
           so
           according
           to
           the
           Rule
           of
           
             Christian
             Liberty
             ,
             lawful
          
           for
           him
           to
           do
           ,
           or
           not
           to
           do
           ,
           as
           he
           shall
           see
           cause
           (
           yea
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           otherwise
           commodious
           and
           convenient
           for
           him
           to
           do
           )
           yet
           whereat
           he
           probably
           foreseeth
           the
           other
           will
           
             take
             Scandal
          
           ,
           and
           be
           occasioned
           thereby
           to
           do
           evil
           .
           In
           such
           Case
           if
           the
           thing
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           be
           not
           in
           some
           degree
           (
           at
           least
           prudentially
           )
           necessary
           for
           him
           to
           do
           ;
           but
           that
           he
           might
           ,
           without
           
           
             great
             inconvenience
          
           and
           prejudice
           to
           himself
           ,
           and
           any
           
             third
             person
          
           ,
           leave
           it
           undone
           ,
           he
           is
           bound
           in
           Charity
           and
           Compassion
           to
           his
           
             Brothers
             Soul
          
           ,
           (
           for
           whom
           Christ
           dyed
           )
           and
           for
           the
           avoiding
           of
           Scandal
           to
           abridge
           himself
           in
           the
           exercise
           of
           his
           
             Christian
             Liberty
          
           for
           that
           time
           so
           farr
           ,
           as
           either
           to
           suffer
           some
           inconvenience
           himself
           by
           the
           not
           doing
           of
           it
           ,
           then
           by
           doing
           of
           it
           to
           cause
           his
           Brother
           to
           offend
           ;
           the
           very
           Case
           which
           is
           so
           often
           ,
           and
           so
           largely
           ,
           and
           so
           earnestly
           insisted
           upon
           by
           St.
           
             Paul
             ,
             Romans
          
           xiv
           .
           13
           ,
           —
           21.
           &
           xv
           .
           1
           ,
           —
           3.
           1
           
           Cor.
           viii
           .
           7
           ,
           —
           13.
           &
           ix
           .
           12
           ,
           22.
           &
           x.
           23
           ,
           —
           33.
           
           Here
           the
           Rule
           is
           ,
           Do
           nothing
           that
           may
           be
           reasonably
           forborn
           ,
           whereat
           it
           is
           like
           Scandal
           will
           be
           taken
           .
        
         
         
           5.
           
           The
           
             Last
             way
          
           is
           ,
           when
           a
           Man
           doth
           something
           before
           another
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           only
           lawful
           ,
           but
           (
           according
           to
           the
           exegencies
           of
           present
           circumstances
           
             pro
             hic
             &
             nunc
          
           )
           very
           behoofeful
           ,
           and
           in
           some
           sort
           (
           prudentially
           )
           necessary
           for
           him
           to
           do
           ;
           but
           foreseeth
           in
           the
           beholder
           a
           propension
           to
           make
           an
           
             ill
             use
          
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           take
           encouragement
           thereby
           to
           
             commit
             sin
          
           ;
           if
           there
           be
           not
           withall
           a
           great
           care
           had
           to
           prevent
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           is
           possible
           ,
           the
           Scandal
           that
           might
           be
           taken
           thereat
           :
           for
           
             Qui
             non
             prohibet
             peccare
             ,
             cum
             potest
             jubet
             .
          
           In
           such
           case
           the
           bare
           neglect
           of
           his
           Brother
           ,
           and
           not
           using
           his
           utmost
           endeavour
           to
           prevent
           the
           evil
           that
           might
           ensue
           ,
           maketh
           him
           guilty
           ;
           upon
           which
           Consideration
           standeth
           the
           equity
           of
           the
           
             Iudicial
             Law
          
           
           given
           to
           the
           Iews
           ,
           Exod
           xxi
           .
           33
           ,
           34.
           which
           ordereth
           that
           in
           case
           a
           Man
           dig
           a
           Pit
           or
           Well
           for
           the
           use
           ,
           of
           his
           Family
           ,
           and
           (
           looking
           no
           farther
           then
           his
           own
           Conveniency
           )
           put
           no
           cover
           on
           it
           ,
           but
           leave
           it
           open
           ,
           whereby
           it
           happeneth
           his
           Neighbours
           Beast
           to
           fall
           therein
           and
           perish
           ,
           the
           owner
           of
           the
           Pit
           is
           to
           make
           it
           good
           ,
           in
           as
           much
           as
           he
           was
           the
           occasioner
           of
           that
           loss
           unto
           his
           Neighbour
           ,
           which
           he
           might
           and
           ought
           to
           have
           prevented
           :
           In
           this
           last
           Case
           the
           thing
           is
           not
           (
           for
           the
           danger
           of
           the
           Scandal
           )
           to
           be
           
             left
             undone
          
           ,
           supposing
           it
           (
           as
           we
           now
           do
           )
           otherwise
           behoofeful
           to
           be
           done
           ;
           but
           the
           action
           is
           to
           be
           ordered
           ,
           and
           carried
           on
           by
           us
           ,
           for
           the
           manner
           of
           doing
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           Respects
           and
           Circumstances
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           with
           so
           much
           
             clearness
             ,
             tenderness
          
           ,
           
           and
           moderation
           ,
           and
           wisdome
           ,
           that
           so
           many
           as
           are
           willing
           to
           take
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           may
           be
           satisfied
           that
           there
           was
           on
           our
           part
           a
           reason
           of
           
             just
             necessity
          
           that
           the
           thing
           should
           be
           done
           ;
           and
           that
           such
           persons
           as
           would
           be
           willing
           to
           make
           use
           of
           our
           example
           ,
           without
           the
           like
           necessity
           ,
           may
           do
           it
           upon
           their
           own
           score
           ,
           and
           not
           be
           able
           to
           vouch
           our
           practice
           for
           their
           excuse
           ;
           even
           as
           the
           Iew
           that
           stood
           in
           need
           to
           sink
           a
           pit
           for
           the
           service
           of
           his
           House
           and
           Grounds
           ,
           was-not
           (
           for
           fear
           his
           Neighbours
           Beasts
           should
           fall
           into
           it
           and
           be
           Drowned
           )
           bound
           by
           the
           Law
           ,
           to
           forbear
           the
           making
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           provide
           a
           sufficient
           Cover
           for
           it
           ,
           when
           he
           had
           made
           it
           .
           Here
           the
           Rule
           is
           ,
           
             Order
             the
             doing
             of
             that
             ,
             which
             may
             not
             well
             be
             left
             undone
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             no
             Scandal
             
             may
             ,
             through
             your
             default
             ,
             be
             taken
             thereat
             .
          
        
         
           6.
           
           I
           do
           not
           readily
           remember
           any
           doubt
           that
           can
           occurr
           about
           the
           reason
           of
           Scandal
           ,
           which
           may
           not
           be
           brought
           within
           the
           compass
           of
           these
           
             four
             Rules
          
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           right
           applying
           some
           or
           other
           of
           these
           Rules
           ,
           will
           give
           some
           furtherance
           towards
           the
           resolution
           of
           these
           doubts
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           CASE
           of
           A
           BOND
           taken
           in
           the
           KINGS
           Name
           :
           Proposed
           
             Iuly
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             R.
             C.
          
           Was
           seized
           in
           fee
           of
           certain
           Houses
           of
           small
           value
           ,
           with
           the
           Appurtenances
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           year
           1635
           ,
           whiles
           Owner
           of
           the
           said
           Houses
           ,
           he
           entreated
           
             A.
             B.
          
           to
           be
           his
           Surety
           for
           
             One
             hundred
             Pounds
          
           ;
           and
           continued
           the
           same
           at
           Interest
           till
           1639.
           
           At
           which
           time
           he
           requested
           
             A.
             B.
          
           to
           discharge
           that
           Bond
           ,
           and
           in
           consideration
           thereof
           ,
           selleth
           the
           said
           Houses
           to
           
             A.
             B.
          
           and
           his
           Heirs
           for
           ever
           ;
           the
           said
           
             R.
             C.
          
           also
           buyeth
           of
           a
           Merchant
           a
           parcel
           of
           Goods
           ;
           the
           Merchant
           being
           a
           Receiver
           of
           some
           
           part
           of
           the
           late
           
             Kings
             Revenue
          
           ,
           and
           under
           pretence
           of
           a
           priviledge
           thereby
           ,
           taketh
           a
           Bond
           of
           the
           said
           
             R.
             C.
          
           for
           the
           payment
           of
           
             Two
             hundred
             pounds
          
           to
           himself
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           
             late
             King
          
           ,
           as
           if
           indebted
           to
           the
           King
           ;
           and
           under
           that
           pretence
           ,
           procureth
           an
           extent
           upon
           the
           Houses
           sold
           to
           
             A.
             B.
          
           and
           maketh
           seizure
           thereof
           :
           Was
           
             R.
             C.
          
           seized
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           when
           he
           entred
           into
           that
           Bond
           ?
        
         
           The
           said
           King
           1640.
           published
           a
           Proclamation
           ,
           wherein
           he
           declared
           ,
           That
           the
           taking
           of
           such
           Bonds
           ,
           was
           contrary
           to
           His
           Intention
           ,
           and
           an
           abuse
           of
           his
           Prerogative
           ,
           and
           prohibited
           all
           such
           
             crafty
             Courses
          
           ,
           as
           tending
           to
           the
           Oppression
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           to
           be
           noted
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Proclamation
           was
           published
           
             two
             years
          
           before
           the
           extent
           was
           executed
           upon
           the
           Houses
           ,
           which
           nevertheless
           have
           
           been
           held
           under
           that
           extent
           about
           
             fourteen
             years
          
           ,
           which
           is
           beyond
           the
           value
           of
           the
           Houses
           .
        
         
           The
           said
           
             R.
             C.
          
           died
           poor
           ,
           the
           Merchant
           is
           dead
           also
           ,
           without
           any
           Child
           ,
           leaving
           an
           Estate
           behind
           him
           of
           
             Twenty
             thousand
             Pounds
          
           ,
           as
           is
           supposed
           ;
           a
           great
           part
           visible
           in
           Lands
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           by
           his
           
             last
             Will
          
           upon
           Record
           .
        
         
           Advice
           of
           Council
           at
           Law
           being
           taken
           ,
           how
           the
           said
           
             A.
             B.
          
           may
           be
           most
           
             readily
             relieved
          
           ;
           he
           is
           directed
           to
           Petition
           the
           
             present
             Supreme
             Power
          
           to
           pardon
           the
           Debt
           ,
           because
           taken
           only
           in
           the
           
             Kings
             Name
          
           ,
           when
           there
           is
           no
           Debt
           due
           to
           him
           from
           
             R.
             C.
          
           
        
      
       
         
         
           As
           to
           the
           Case
           proposed
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           I
           am
           clearly
           of
           opinion
           ,
           that
           the
           taking
           of
           Bonds
           in
           the
           
             Kings
             Name
          
           ,
           to
           the
           
             meer
             behoof
          
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           advantage
           of
           
             private
             persons
          
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           such
           Debt
           really
           due
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           was
           a
           fraudulent
           and
           
             unjust
             act
          
           from
           the
           beginning
           ;
           for
           though
           it
           were
           not
           
             actually
             forbidden
          
           ,
           and
           so
           might
           perhaps
           be
           valid
           enough
           in
           
             foro
             externo
          
           ,
           till
           the
           issuing
           out
           of
           the
           Kings
           Proclamation
           in
           that
           behalf
           ;
           yet
           was
           it
           in
           point
           of
           conscience
           unlawful
           before
           ,
           as
           being
           a
           
             crafty
             course
          
           :
           so
           refused
           by
           the
           King
           himself
           ,
           and
           guilty
           of
           a
           
             double
             injustice
          
           ,
           the
           one
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           as
           an
           abuse
           to
           his
           Prerogative
           ;
           the
           other
           to
           the
           Subject
           ,
           as
           tending
           to
           their
           appression
           ,
           as
           by
           
           the
           Proclamation
           is
           recited
           ,
           and
           that
           therefore
        
         
           2.
           
           Neither
           might
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           whiles
           he
           lived
           ,
           nor
           ought
           his
           Executors
           ,
           now
           he
           is
           dead
           ,
           to
           make
           advantage
           of
           the
           
             Kings
             Name
          
           used
           in
           that
           Bond
           ;
           nor
           might
           be
           then
           ,
           nor
           may
           they
           now
           ,
           by
           virtue
           of
           the
           Kings
           Prerogative
           ,
           or
           under
           the
           colour
           thereof
           ,
           for
           the
           recovery
           of
           the
           said
           Debt
           ,
           use
           any
           way
           to
           the
           prejudice
           or
           damage
           of
           the
           Obligee
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           Purchaser
           from
           him
           ,
           other
           then
           such
           ,
           as
           he
           or
           they
           might
           have
           used
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           Bond
           had
           been
           taken
           in
           the
           Obligee's
           own
           Name
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           the
           Kings
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           If
           any
           Proceedings
           have
           been
           made
           already
           ,
           in
           pursuit
           of
           the
           Debt
           ,
           due
           upon
           the
           said
           Bond
           ,
           upon
           no
           
           other
           ground
           or
           colour
           ,
           then
           the
           Prerogative
           aforesaid
           ,
           whereby
           the
           said
           
             A.
             B.
          
           cometh
           to
           be
           endammaged
           or
           prejudiced
           more
           ,
           then
           otherwise
           he
           should
           have
           been
           ;
           that
           the
           Executors
           ought
           to
           make
           him
           some
           considerable
           satisfaction
           for
           the
           same
           ,
           although
           perhaps
           not
           to
           the
           full
           of
           what
           he
           hath
           suffered
           ,
           or
           would
           demand
           ;
           yet
           in
           such
           a
           proportion
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           judgment
           of
           
             indifferent
             persons
          
           (
           in
           a
           case
           wherein
           
             both
             parties
          
           ,
           if
           they
           must
           do
           what
           is
           fitting
           and
           just
           ,
           are
           sure
           to
           be
           losers
           )
           shall
           seem
           reasonable
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           parties
           cannot
           accord
           it
           between
           themselves
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           Whereof
           although
           ,
           through
           the
           
             corrupt
             partiality
          
           ,
           that
           is
           in
           most
           ,
           I
           may
           truly
           say
           ,
           all
           men
           more
           or
           less
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           apprehend
           any
           great
           likelihood
           (
           for
           neither
           part
           would
           ,
           and
           
           yet
           both
           must
           be
           losers
           )
           yet
           I
           should
           advise
           that
           tryal
           were
           made
           thereof
           in
           the
           
             first
             place
          
           ;
           as
           the
           most
           kindly
           
             Christian
             way
          
           of
           growing
           to
           peace
           ,
           if
           parties
           will
           be
           perswaded
           to
           meet
           about
           it
           ,
           and
           can
           be
           made
           Masters
           of
           their
           own
           passions
           when
           they
           are
           met
           ;
           and
           surely
           matters
           might
           easily
           be
           brought
           to
           a
           
             handsom
             conclusion
          
           ,
           if
           both
           parties
           ,
           but
           especially
           the
           Executors
           ,
           who
           seem
           to
           have
           the
           advantage
           in
           Law
           ,
           would
           not
           stand
           too
           much
           upon
           whatsoever
           advantage
           they
           may
           seem
           to
           have
           ,
           but
           (
           as
           in
           conscience
           they
           ought
           )
           submit
           both
           that
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           circumstances
           appertaining
           to
           the
           business
           ,
           and
           indeed
           their
           
             whole
             mutual
             demands
          
           ,
           to
           the
           final
           determination
           of
           that
           
             transcendent
             Law
          
           ,
           which
           Christ
           hath
           established
           ,
           as
           the
           only
           
             Royal
             Standard
          
           ,
           whereby
           to
           measure
           the
           equity
           of
           our
           actions
           ,
           
           in
           all
           our
           dealings
           towards
           others
           ,
           
             viz.
             To
             do
             as
             we
             would
             be
             done
             unto
          
           ;
           or
           which
           cometh
           to
           one
           ,
           
             Not
             to
             do
             that
             to
             another
             ,
             which
             if
             he
             should
             do
             to
             us
          
           (
           supposing
           his
           Case
           was
           ours
           )
           
             we
             should
             think
             our selves
             scarce
             justly
             and
             fairly
             dealt
             withal
             .
          
        
         
           5.
           
           But
           lastly
           ,
           in
           case
           no
           such
           accord
           can
           be
           made
           (
           either
           by
           agreement
           of
           Parties
           or
           mediation
           of
           Friends
           ,
           and
           that
           through
           the
           only
           default
           and
           stifness
           of
           the
           
             Executors
             ;
             A.
             B.
          
           having
           by
           all
           
             fair
             wayes
          
           faithfully
           sought
           and
           endeavoured
           the
           same
           ,
           I
           see
           not
           but
           the
           said
           
             A.
             B.
          
           may
           (
           but
           not
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           but
           as
           his
           
             last
             refuge
          
           )
           seek
           to
           relieve
           himself
           ▪
           according
           to
           the
           advice
           of
           his
           Council
           ,
           by
           making
           his
           Addresses
           to
           such
           person
           or
           personage
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           
             time
             being
          
           ,
           shall
           be
           in
           
             actual
             possession
          
           of
           the
           
             Supreme
             
             Power
          
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           a
           capacity
           to
           
             over-rule
             the
             Law
          
           ,
           in
           a
           Case
           of
           that
           nature
           ,
           by
           forgiving
           that
           Debt
           ,
           whereupon
           the
           King
           was
           colourably
           and
           fraudulently
           entituled
           for
           
             private
             advantage
          
           ,
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           a
           
             third
             person
          
           ,
           but
           was
           not
           at
           all
           a
           
             debt
             owing
          
           to
           him
           from
           the
           Obligee
           .
        
         
           
             B.
             P.
             
          
           
             
               17.
               
               Iuly
               ,
               1658.
               
            
          
        
         
           THE
           END
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A61867-e2030
           
             a
             Votum
             soli
             Deo
             fit
             ,
             sed
             Promissio
             potest
             fieri
             etiam
             Homini
             Aquit
             2
             2.
             q.
             88.
             5.
             ad
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Promissio
             Deo
             facta
             est
             essentia
             v●ti
             ,
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             c
             Psal.
             76.
             11.
             
          
           
             d
             Numb
             .
             21.
             2.
             
             Judg.
             11.
             30.
             1
             
             Sam.
             11.
             25.
             
          
           
             e
             Judg.
             11.
             36.
             
             Psal.
             56.
             12.
             
          
           
             f
             Sponsio
             quâ
             ●oliga●nur
             Deo.
             
               Cic.
               2.
               
               Leg.
            
             
          
           
             a
             Iurare
             nihil
             est
             aliud
             quam
             Deum
             Testem
             invocare
             
               Aquit
               .
               2.
               2.
               qu.
               89.
               1.
               ex
               ,
            
             Aug.
             de
             ver
             .
             Apost
             .
             Serm.
             R.
             28.
             quod
             affirmas
             ,
             si
             D●●
             Teste●●
             promiseris
             ,
             id
             tenendum
             est
             ,
             
               Cic.
               3.
               de
               Offic.
            
             
          
           
             b
             Gen.
             31.
             50.
             
             Judg.
             11.
             10.
             
             Mal.
             2.
             14.
             
          
           
             c
             Rom.
             1.
             9.
             1
             
             Thess.
             1.
             5.
             
          
           
             d
             1
             Cor.
             1.
             3.
             
             Phil.
             1.
             28.
             
          
           
             a
             Rom.
             7.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Rom.
             7.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             1
             Cor.
             7.
             4.
             
          
           
             d
             Numb
             .
             30.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Quod
             initio
             vitiosum
             est
             ,
             non
             potest
             tractu
             temporis
             convalescere
             ,
             l.
             29.
             
             F.
             de
             Div.
             Reg.
             ju
             .
          
           
             c
             In
             stipulationibus
             id
             tempus
             spectatur
             quo
             cantrabimus
             ,
             
               L.
               18.
               
               F.
            
             eodem
             .
          
           
             a
             Rom.
             7.
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Vot●
             uxorum
             vel
             s●rv●rum
             exequenda
             illo
             tempore
             quo
             〈◊〉
             sui
             juris
             ,
             〈◊〉
             vel
             domini
             non
             possunt
             〈…〉
             65.
             &
             alios
             .
          
           
             a
             Mat.
             5.
             28.
             
          
           
             b
             Prov.
             5.
             18.
             
             Eccles.
             9.
             9.
             
          
           
             c
             Prov.
             5.
             19.
             
          
           
             b
             Josh.
             9.
             14
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             c
             Ibid.
             ver
             .
             19
             ▪
             2
             Sam.
             21.
             1
             ,
             2.