The way of true peace and unity in the true church of Christ in all humility and bowels of love presented to them / by William Dell. Dell, William, d. 1664. 1651 Approx. 333 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 55 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-08 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A37502 Wing D940 ESTC R208819 08642340 ocm 08642340 41513 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A37502) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 41513) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1255:21) The way of true peace and unity in the true church of Christ in all humility and bowels of love presented to them / by William Dell. Dell, William, d. 1664. p. 139-243. Printed for Giles Calvert, London : 1651. Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Christian union. 2004-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-04 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-05 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2004-05 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-07 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE WAY OF TRUE PEACE and VNITY In the true CHURCH OF CHRIST , In all humility and bowels of love presented to them . By WILLIAM DELL , One of the least and unworthiest of the Servants of God , in the Gospel of his dear Son. Psal. 120.7 . I am for peace ; but when I speak , they are for war. Utrum nos schismatici sumus an vos , nec ego nec tu , sed Christus interrogetur ut indicet Ecclesiam suam , August . contr . liter . Petil. l. 2. c. 85. London , Printed for Giles Calvert , at the Black-Spread-Eagle , at the West-end of Pauls near Ludgate . 1651. To the Honourable the Commons of England Assembled in PARLIAMENT . IT is written , that the Kingdoms of the World shall become the Kingdoms of the Lord , and of his Christ : and now when all almost , that is great and honourable , and noble and Royal , and wise and learned , is found against this Counsell and design of God ; how highly are you hon●ured of him , and how happy are you , that You yet are found for it ? You after a manifold Apostacy and def●ction of many of your Members , seem yet to remain as pillars in the House of our God ; yet you seem to be , among those called and chosen , and faithful ones , that now continue with the Lamb , who is King of Kings and Lord of Lords , in his engagement against , and conquest over the TEN-HORN'D BEAST : And to turn aside , from this work , would be , to give up your selves to double ruine , to wit , both from heaven and earth . And therefore the Lord make you faithful , that you may do this work for God , and to fulfill his Word ; and not for your selves , and to fulfill your own Ends. And now as you are busie about the Peace of the Kingdom , to settle and establish that upon a right and sure foundation ; so God hath engaged my heart , to meditate the peace of the Church . And though I have excluded your power from having a hand in this Work , yet I have not , in any measure , wronged you , as you shall perceive , but rather endevoured to preserve you , from dashing your selves , against that Rock , against which , all the ignorant and unwise Rulers and Kingdoms of the world , both have and yet shall , dash themselves in peeces . It shall be your wisdom to be built up , together with the Church , on Christ ; but it would be your confusion , to go about to build the Church on your selves and your power ; seeing this building is too weighty for any foundation , but Christ himself . Your power will do well in the Kingdoms of the world , but not in Gods Kingdom , which is Christs inheritance , from the beginning to the end . You shall be happy , to be subject in it , but none must be Lord or Law-giver here , but Christ himself . Let not the Devil who in these last times , hath in many places translated the mystery of iniquity , from the Ecclesiastical Kingdom of the Clergy , into the temporal Kingdom of the Magistrate , any longer keep it there ; seeing , it will be as pernicious in this , as in that : for it will be , no less dangerous an evil , for the Magistrate to make himself Lord and Law-giver in the Church , then for the Pope , or General Councel , in all the Kingdoms called Christian ; or for the Archbishop , or National Assembly in particular Kingdoms . Men have commonly thought , that to preserve the godly in worldly peace and prosperity , is to preserve the Church ; whereas , to preserve them in faith , hope , love , in union and communion with Christ and the Father , in and through the Spirit , this only is to preserve the Church ; and this oft-times , is better done by Christ , whose work only it is , in affliction , then in prosperity . Wherefore do You look to the care of the State , and trust Christ with the care of his Church , seeing he is both faithful and able to save it perfectly . The peace of the Church lies in Christ only , and no part of it out of him , no not for a moment ; and this their peace , Christ is able to preserve in Himself , in the midst of the most cruel and desperate evils of the world . Now what the true Church of Christ is , and wherein its Peace and Unity lies , is here in some measure declared , for the good of the faithful every-where , and particularly for Your good ; lest you being glorious instruments in the hand of God , for one work , should miscarry in another . And this I have done , through God , not because I was worthy to do it , but because , it was worthy to be done . For why should the Church , any longer be ignorant of the things that belong unto its peace ? and why should the Members of it , any longer lie as scattered bones , dry and dead , and not gathered up into the unity of a living body ? and who could longer indure , to see unskilfull Physitians , under pretence of healing the Church , wound it still deeper ; and under pretence of procuring its peace , hurry it into endless dissentions and divisions ? In this case of necessity , I could not but speak , both out of duty and love , and I hope none of You will despise to hear , who consider , that God , when he layes aside the wise and prudent , chooses Babes and Sucklings , to perfect his praise , out of their mouths ; that so he himself , may be the more glorified and admired , in his weak and mean instruments . Now let his praise be above the earth and the heavens ; and let him give you the honor that all his Saints have : and this is his hearty desire , who humbly writes himself Your servant in the Gospel , William Dell. To his Excellency the Lord General FAIRFAX , And the Honorable Lieutenant-General CROMWEL , Together with the Councel of VVar. THE presence of the Lord having turned your course backward like Iordan , from what it was a year ago ; and all former inchantments and divinations used against you , being dissolved , through the renewing of the same presence of God with you . after a manifest with-drawing of it ; and You through a blessed necessity , being now doing that work of God , which once you had little minde to , viz. The procuring the Peace of the Kingdom , by subduing the great enemies of P●ace , and removing all the enmity against peace , that was inwrapped in our very Laws , and degenerated Constitution of the Kingdom : I thought good , whiles You are thus busie about the peace of the Kingdom , which is a peace without you , to put you in minde of the true peace of the true Church , which is a peace within you , and an eternal peace , as the former is but a temporal ; for what advantage will it be for you , to have peace among men , & to want peace with God ? to do the work of God in the world , and to be destitute of the work of God in your own hearts ? to destroy the enemies to worldly peace , and yet to maintain in your own hearts the corruptions of unrenewed nature , which are the enemies of heavenly peace ? Take heed therefore , that your present employments , do not so over-ingage you in this world , that you neglect the world to come : take heed , lest by seeking your selves , you have your reward here : but do the work of God , for God ; and whilst you act for God , live in him , and let him be your reward , and not the creature . And now here in this Dicourse , shall you see a better Peace and Agreement , then you are striving for , ( though your work also be excellent and glorious ) even such a Peace and Agreement , of which Christ himself , is the immediate Author and Prince , and which he communicates , not to the world , but to them he chooses out of the world , even the Peace of God in Iesus Christ , by the Spirit , which hath its foundation in Christ ; and its influence into each Communion of Saints , all the world over : And this Peace can no more be brought about by your Sword , then by the Magistrates Scepter ; and therefore take heed , lest you now , having power in your hands , to another purpose , should so far forget your selves , as to do that your selves , which you have condemned in others . Therefore suffer the Word only , to be both Scepter and Sword in the Kingdom of God , and let the true Church remain free , in the Freedom which Christ hath conferr'd upon it ; or else , the Lord , whose own the Church is , will as certainly in his due time , take the sword out of your hands , as he hath done the Scepter out of the Magistrate's , and throw you into one destruction with him . But I am perswaded better things of you , though I thus speak , and even such things , as are suitable to the light of the Gospel , and to the vertues and graces of Christ and his Spirit , which have been hitherto ( and I hope , will yet still be ) very manifest , not only in You Honorable Ones , who have the chief Conduct , but also in very many of the Councel and Army besides . And upon such a gathering together of Gods people , and Saints , ( let the world ( if it please ) still laugh at that word ) who can but think , he hath some choice and singular work in hand for his own glory ? The Lord God Almighty hath already done great and wonderful works by you , and is yet doing greater , if you will continue to beleeve and obey ; and in all these things he only is to be exalted , and not You. For hath not that Day of the Lord of Hosts dawned ? yea the morning of it is already gone forth , Which is upon every one that is proud and lofty , and upon every one that is lifted up , and he is to be brought low and the Lord alone is and must be exalted , in this day . Now the Lord cause you to dwell and continue in that Church , which is the body of Christ , and habitation of God , and give you peace with those that are reconciled to God by Christ , and to one another in Christ , by the Spirit ; in which union and communion , I remain . Your assured Servant , W. D. TO THE READER . SUCH are the noises of waters , and thundrings , and earthquakes among us ; and so great and continued are our shakings and confusious , through hatred and love , hopes and fears , joyes and sorrows , triumphs and indignations , that there is no silence in heaven , for so much as half an hour . Wherefore , though I 〈…〉 here , touching so sweet and glorious a thing , as PEACE , and 〈◊〉 ●eclare from the very word ( or else I had said nothing ) wherein the true peace of the true Church consists ; and also , how the faithful , and Churches , may preserve that peace , in their Communion with one another , which they have , in the Son , and in the Father : yet mens heads and hearts are now so full , that it is to be doubted , but few will regard it . Notwithstanding , considering that there is among us , an election of grace , and a flock of Christ , who both know , and will hear his voyce at any time ; I thought good to speak this in their behalf , for whose profit all the creatures of God were made in the world , and all the gifts of Christ are given in the Church . And though I am very conscious , of my rudeness of speech , in this Discourse , as also of my weakness and infirmity in many things , having not yet attained to a perfect man , and to the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ ; and so dare not say , that every jot and tittle here , is of the pure river of water of life , without any humane mixture ; yet they that are spiritual , and able to judge , will own all in it , that is of the word and spirit of truth , and will not reject silver tryed four or five times , because it is not tryed seven times . And what is weak and imperfect in it , the true Church of Christ ( for whose dear sake and love I have spoken all this ) seeing it is , as Luther speaks , The Queen of Mercy , whose very bowels , are meer compassions and forgivenesses of sins , will easily pass it by , and forgive it . And as for men , haughty and high in their own spirit , contemning and disdaining any thing that agrees not to their palate ; I do as easily despise their censure , as they lightly pass it . It is enough , that I seek the glory of Jesus Christ , the Son of the living God , and the welfare of that Church , that is his body ; and for the rest , let me become as vile as the Apostles were made to the world , who were counted the filth and off souring of all things ; or as Mr Baily , Rutherford , Bastwick , Pryn , Love , or any other of my old enemies in Parliament and City , not worth the naming , have sought to make me . All whom , unless God give them repentance to life , I cite , as once Hierom of Prague did his enemies , in the like cause , To appear within a few years , before the most high and righteous Judge , Jesus Christ , to answer all that they have done wickedly , if not maliciously , against his Name , Truth , Gospel , Spirit , People ; and that under the form and pretence of godliness . And now well knowing , that the more any thing is of Christ , the more enmity and opposition it Will meet with from the world , and from the worldly Church . I commit Christs own word and cause to his own care and protection , who lives and reigns for this very purpose , to uphold his own despised truth , against the glorious , but deceitful doctrines of men ; and to make all his enemies his foot-stool . And so waiting in this assured hope , if thou love Christ , I remain , Thine in him , VVilliam Dell. The Contents . THE Introduction . pag. 149 The Gospel propounded , is neither , 1. Between the Church and the world , p. 150 2. Nor between the Spiritual and Carnal children of the Church . ibid. 3. But between the faithful , or true children of the true Church . p. 151 The true Church described . p. 152 The true Church of God , differs from the Churches of men , in 13. particulars . from p. 153 to p. 157 How this Church may be known . p. 158 How we may be joyned to it . p. 159 The Church a great mystery , as well as Christ. p. 160 Seven bonds of this Churches Vnity . viz. ibid. 1. One body . p. 161 2 : One Spirit . p. 165 3 One Hope of our calling . p. 167 4. One Lord. p. 169 5. One Faith. p. 172 6. One Baptisme . p. 175 7. One God and Father of all , who is above all , through all , and in all . p. 176 These seven bonds are sufficient , for the Vnity and Peace of the Church , without any additions of mans devising . 178. How the true Church of believers , thus made one by God , may be preserved one , in their communion among themselves . p. 180 To this end , 1 They must know , some things otherwise , then yet they do . ibid. Particularly , they must be instructed touching the government of the church . ibid. This Government is twofold . 1. Immediate , And this also is twofold . 1. The Government of Gods speciall Providence . p. 181 2. The government of his spiritual presence . p 182 These two Governments the true church never wanted in any age , nor in this . p. 184 2. Mediate . This also is Christs Government , and not mans . p. 185 And it is Christs ordering all things by the faithful , among the faithful , in reference to the communion of Saints . ibid. This is drawn forth into several particulars , which are these . 1. To whom Christ hath committed the power of ordering and managing all things in the true Church . 186 And here , 1. To whom the keyes of the church are given . 2. What they are . 2. What kinde of power it is , which the true Church hath ; set down , in 6. particulars . 188 3. What is the extent of this power . 190 4. What is the outward instrument of it . ibid. 5. What the true church can do , by virtue of it . And this comprehends these particulars . 1. It can gather it self together . 192 2. It can appoint its own Orders . 193 What rules it is to observe herein . 194 3. It can choose its own Officers . 196 And here , 1. What Officers are to be chosen . 197 2. Out of whom . ibid. 1. By whom . 198 What the true church , as the case now stands , is to do , in point of chusing officers . p. 199 And if need be , can Reform them , p 200 Or depose them . p. 201 4. It can call its own Councels , if it need any . ibid. Certain reasons why the church may now well want Councels . p. 202 And if it will have any , what rules it is to observe touching them . p. 204 5 It can judge of all Doctrines , both of its Officers and Councels . p. 205 And thus the judgement of beleevers is to be rectified in these things , for the preserving peace among themselves . 2. The practice of the true church is to be rectified in other things . The practical Rules that are more absolute and general in the way of peace , are these . 1. That the true Church keep it self , distinct from the world . p. 206 2. That the true Church content it self , with its own power , for its own affairs . p 207 3. That the true church do not fetch or force men unto it , against their wils . 209 4. That the true church make void , the distinction of Clergy and Laity , among Christians . p. 211 5. That the true church keep equality between Christians and Churches . p. 212 6. That the true church keep the Officers of the church , in subordination to the Community . p. 213 7. That all true Christians and Churches , do take Christ alike , for their Head , and do not set up visible heads or Ring leaders , to themselves of men , no not of the best men . p. 214 8. That the true Church keep out all error in doctrine . p 215 5 Wayes by which this may be effectually done , without the help of the Magistrate . p. 216 The great Question , touching the Magistrates power to keep out error , answered . p. 224 9. That the true church , do not inforce Uniformity , in outward orders and discipline . p. 225 Practical rules for peace more special and occasional in point of difference , among the faithful . Here the weight of things , is to be first considered . If the things wherein beleevers differ , be circumstantial and ceremonial only , then there are , 5. Rules to be observed for the preserving peace . p. 233 If the things wherein they differ be points of Doctrine , yet such are not absolutely necessary to salvation , then there are 7 Rules to be observed for the preserving of peace . p. 235 If the Doctrine wherein the difference lies , is such as is absolutely inconsistent with true faith and salvation , yet then , 1. The person is to be heard . p. 237 2. If after full hearing , it is manifest to be a Doctrine contrary to the faith of Gods Elect , then the true Church ought , 1 To condemn the Doctrine . p. 241 2 To excommunicate the person . ibid. And this is the last punishment the true Church can inflict . p. 242 The conclusion of all . ibid. THE Way of true Peace and Vnity , in the true Church of CHRIST . HAving now for a long time time together observed with a said heart and troubled spirit , the grievous differences and dissentions , among the faithful and Churches of Christ , and perceiving also , that there is yet no healing of this error , many or most of them not clearly understanding , wherein their true peace and unity ought to consist ; and so , are still prosecuting former , with later mistakes , till their wound is become almost incurable ; I found my heart inclined and engaged by God , to propound to others , that way of Peace , which my self have learned from the Word . And this I desire to do , not that I might seem to be something , or be accounted of , any more , then the meanest of all Gods people , being indeed unworthy to minister , so much as a cup of cold water , to the Church , the Spouse of Christ , much less so incomparable a treasure as the word of God is , in comparison of which , all the world is not to be mentioned ; but meerly out of love and compassion to the infirmities of my brethren , whom I see walking in the light of their own fire , and in the sparks , which they themselves do kindle , whereby they are in great danger to lie down in sorrow ; whilst in the mean time they neglect the true light , which alone is to shine in the Kingdom of God , till all ignorance and darkness be done away . And as my end and scope is , to bring all men , from all humane doctrines , and conceptions of carnal wisdom and prudence , to the Word of God ; so I desire all men that are spiritual , and able to judge , to allow of no more in this Discourse , then they shall finde agreeable to this word ; and what ever the Word of God in the true sense and meaning of it , shall disapprove or condemn ; so far , let them also disapprove and condemn with it , as I my self also do ; knowing well , that no Word ought to have any place in the Church of God , but the Word of God , which alone carries light , life , righteousness , wisdom and power , sufficient and enough in it self , to do the whole minde and work of God in his Church . Wherefore what I have freely learned , I shall freely communicate , desiring every one to regard his own salvation , seeing now after so clear a discovery of truth , he can have no cloak , nor the least excuse for his sin . Now that he that reads may understand , it is necessary for me , speaking of the unity and peace of the Church , to tell you now at first , that I intend not to propound any way of peace , either between the Church and the World , or else between the carnal and spiritual children of the Church , as having learned no such thing out of the word of God. First , Not between the Church and the world : for the Lord never intended any reconciliation and agreement between these , in the spiritual and eternal things of the Kingdom of God ; for these , are two distinct seeds , and sorts of people ; the one from beneath , the other from above ; the one the seed of the woman ; the other the seed of the Serpent ; and between these two , God hath put such an emnity , that no man can take away . Wherefore they , who never minding these two different seeds ; between whom God hath put such irreconciliable enmity , would make all the people of one or moe whole Kingdoms a Church at once , and would reconcile all of them together , in the things of God , and in the ways of his worship , according to devices and methods of their own ; these men know not what they do ; for they walk in the darkness of their own hearts , and not in the light of the Word ; which shows us clearly , that it is as possible to reconcile Michael and the Devil , as the Angels of both . 2. Neither secondly , do I finde any way in the World , to reconcile all those together , who are commonly called The visible Church , seeing even among these , there are two distinct sorts of children , as Paul teacheth us ; one sort of those , that are born after the flesh , as Ishmael and Esau ; and another of those , who are born after the spirit , as Isaac , and Iacob : and there is as great enmity between these in the Church , as between the former in the world ; for they that are born after the flesh , are always persecuting them that are born after the spirit , but never agreeing with them . Now of these two sorts of Christians , one makes up the body of Christ ; the other , the body of Antichrist . The spiritual children , make up Christs true body , as it is written , He gave him , to be the Head over all things , to the Church which is his body ; for these being born of the Spirit , do also partake of the Spirit , and so are the true flesh of Christ , as all that flesh is , in which the Spirit dwels ; and these all worship God in the spirit , and have no confidence in the flesh , that is , in no fleshly Forms , Ceremonies , or Worship . The carnal children of the Church make up Antichrists true body : For as Christs body consists of spiritual Christians , so Antichrists of carnal ; For Antichrist sets up in the temple of God , as well as Christ ; and as Christ get his body together of spiritual Christians ; so Antichrist gets his body together of carnal Christians : and these have a form of Religion , or godliness , but they have no spirit or power in that form : yea , under the form of godliness they exercise the greater power of ungodliness : And Christ and his Spirit , and all their things , are nowhere more opposed , then by those in the Church , who have the letter of the word , but want the spirit of it , being taught of men only , and not of God. So that , all that part of Christianity , that is destitute of the Spirit , and hath the name only , and not the anointing of Christians , this makes up the body of Antichrist . And now there can be no more agreement , between these two bodies , of Christ and of Antichrist , that is , between spiritual and carnal Christians , then between Christ and Antichrist themselves , the heads of these bodies . And as I finde nothing in the word , so neither do I propound any thing for an agreement here : for to go about to reconcile there , where the Father never intended , nor the Son never undertook any reconciliation , would not be a work of wisedom , but of weakness . So then the way of peace I shall speak of , is between the children of peace , touching whom God hath promised , That he will give them one heart , and one way ; and for whom Christ hath prayed That they all may be one , as thou Father art in me , and I in thee , that they also may be one in us : And these are the elect made faithful , called to be Saints , and sanctified through their calling ; and these are the true Church of God. The peace then I seek by this Discourse , is the peace of the true Church : Wherefore I shall first declare the Church it self , whose peace I seek ; and then after declare , wherein this Churches true peace and unity lies ; and also how it may be preserved among themselves , it being first wrought by Jesus Christ. For the Church it self ; what I have learned touching it , I shall speak plainly , and something largely , because the right understanding hereof is so absolutely necessary to our present business , and yet there are very many , and very great mistakes and mis-apprehensions touching it , even among the faithfull . The right Church then is not the whole multitude of the people , whether good or bad , that joyn together in an outward form or way of worship ; for in this Church there are Whoremongers , Idolaters , Thieves , Murderers , and all sorts of wicked and unbelieving persons , which are so far from being the Church of Christ , that they are the very Synagogue of Satan , and children of the Devil , and therefore I shall not speak of this Church . But the Church I shall speak of , is the true Church of the New Testament , which I say is not any outward or visible society , gathered together into the consent or use of outward things , forms , ceremonies , worship , as the Churches of men are ; neither is it known by seeing or feeling , or the help of any outward sense , as the Society of Mercers , or Drapers , or the like ; but it is a Spiritual and Invisible Fellowship , gathered together in the unity of faith , hope and love , and so into the unity of the Son , and of the Father by the Spirit ; wherefore it is wholly hid from carnal eyes , neither hath the world any knowledge or judgement of it . This true Church is the Communion of Saints , which is the communion believers have with one another : not in the things of the world , or in the things of men , but in the things of God ; for as believers have their union in the Son , and in the Father , so in them also they have their communion ; and the communion they have with one another in God , cannot be in their own things , but in Gods things , even in his light , life , righteousness , wisdom , truth , love , power , peace , joy , &c. This is the true Communion of Saints , and this Communion of Saints is the true Church of God. Now this true Church of God , differs from the Churches of men , in very many particulars , as follows . 1. Members come unto the Churches of men , either of their own minds , or else by the perswasion , or by the forcing of others ; and so , but after the will of man ; but none come to this true Church but from the drawing of God the Father , and his own calling , according to his own purpose . 2. In the Churches of men ; members are admitted through an outward confession of doctrine ; but none are admitted into this true Church , but through a new birth from God and his Spirit , Joh. 3. Except a man be born again , he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God ( which is the right Church of the New Testament ) For that which is born of the flesh is flesh , and so remains without in the world ; but that which is born of the spirit is spirit , and so hath entrance into the true Church . 3. In the Churches of men there are more wicked then righteous ; but in this true Church of Christ the people are all righteous , not one excepted , as it is written , Thy people shall be all righteous , Isa. 60. For they all have their iniquities forgiven them , and they are all redeemed and washed with the blood of the Lamb. 4. In the Churches of men , the people for the most part , are onely taught of men , who are their heads and leaders , and whose judgements they depend on , and follow in all things ; but in the right Church , the people are all taught of God , as Isaiah saith , Thy children shall be all taught of the Lord : and Christ saith , They shall hear and learn from the Father : and Iohn saith , The anointing they have received , teacheth them all things . 5. In the Churches of men , the greatest part are hated and rejected of God , as being strangers and enemies to Christ ; but in the true Church all the members are dear to God , as Christ is dear ; and loved of God , as Christ is loved , as being one flesh and spirit with him . 6. The Churches of men are of mens building , contriving , framing , fashioning , beautifying : but the true Church is built onely by Christ , as it is written , Zach. 6.12 . The man whose name is the BRANCH , he shall build the Temple of the Lord , even he shall build it : And again , Math. 16 18. Vpon this rock I will build my Church : The true Church is such a building , which neither Men nor Angels can frame , but Christ alone . 7. The Churches of men are all of them more or less the habitation of Antichrist , who ( as Paul saith , 2 Thes. 2.4 . ) as God sitteth in the Temple of God , that is , not in the true Temple of God , but in the Churches of men , which arrogate to themselves that name and title ; shewing himself that he is God : For Antichrist always dwels there , where men have a form of godliness , denying the power : but the true Church is built together , to be the habitation of God , in the spirit , Ephes. 2.22 . And again , 2 Cor. 6.16 . Yee are the Temples of the living God , as God hath said , I will dwell in them , and walk in them . 8. The Churches of men are as large as men will make them ; for they that have chief power in these Churches , interesting themselves in wordly Magistrates , through their favour and help , make their Churches as large as the Magistrates Dominions : thus the Church of Rome was made of as large extent as the Dominions of the Emperour , and of other Princes , in whom the Pope had interest . And so likewise , the Church in other Kingdoms , was made as large as the Dominions of the temporal Magistrate ; and all under their power , must be forced to be , of their Church : But the true Church , which is the Kingdom of the Son , is onely the preparation of the Fathers Kingdom , and so will admit no more into it , then the Fathers Kingdom will admit into it ; the Sons Kingdom , and the Fathers being of a like latitude and extent ; and so the Sons Kingdom is no larger then the Fathers , nor the Fathers then the Sons : The Fathers Kingdom will not receive any into it , that have not first been of the Sons Kingdom ; and the Sons Kingdom will not admit into it , what the Fathers Kingdom will not , after receive ; but the Son delivers up , his whole Kingdom to the Father , and the Father receives it all , without any exception . Now from hence these three things are evident . 1. That the Kingdoms of England , Scotland , &c. are not the Church , but the world , as well as the Kingdoms of France , Spain , Hungary , &c. but in all these , and all other Kingdoms , the faithful who are taken into union and communion with Christ , and with one another in him , they are the Church , and not the Kingdoms themselves . 2. In particular Assemblies , whether Parochial or Congregational , all the company that meet together bodily , and have outward communion in outward Ordinances , are not the Church ; but those among all these , that meet together in one Faith and Spirit , in one Christ and God ; for herein only stands the true communion of Saints , and the true Church of the New Testament is to be judged hereby , and by no outward things whatsoever . 3. That it belongs not to Magistrates and worldly Powers , to say , which is the Church , and , which is not the Church ; who do belong to it , and who do not ; but it belongs to Christ onely to point out his own Church , seeing he onely knows it , and it onely stands by his election and collection , and not by mans . 9. The Churches of men knit themselves together into such Societies , by some outward Covenant or Agreement among themselves : But the true Church is knit into their Society among themselves , by being first knit unto Christ , their Head ; and as soon as ever they are one with him , they are also one with one another in him ; and are not first one among themselves , and then after one with Christ : So that the true Church is a spiritual Society , knit unto Christ by Faith , and knit to one another in Christ , by the Spirit and love ; and this makes them infinitely more one , then any outward Covenant they can engage themselves in : the union wherein God makes us one , passing all the unions , wherein we can make our selves one . And so when some believers perceive the grace that is given to others , they presently fall into one communion , without any more ado . Wherefore they that are of the Church , the body , cannot deny communion to them that are in true union with Christ , the head , when they do perceive this grace . For this is considerable in this matter , that we are not first one with the Church , and then after one with Christ : but we are first one with Christ , and then one with the Church , and our union with the Church flows from our union with Christ , and not our union with Christ , from our union with the Church : Christ , Ioh. 17. prays , That they all , that is , believers , may be one in us : So that our union is not first among our selves , and then with the Son , and with the Father : but it is first with the Son , and with the Father , and then with one another in them : And Christ is the door through which we enter into the Church , and not the Church the door , through which we enter into Christ : For men may joyn themselves to Believers in the use of all outward Ordinances , and yet never be joyned to Christ , nor to that communion which Believers have in Christ ; but a man cannot be joyned to Christ , but he is joyned to all Believers in the world , in the communion they have with Christ , and with one another in him ; which upon all occasions he enjoys with them , wherever he meets with them . So that the true Church is knit up together into one body and society , by one Faith and Spirit ; the Churches of men by an outward Covenant or Agreement onely . 10. The Churches of men have humane Officers , who act in the strength of natural or acquisite parts , who do all by the help of Study , learning , and the like : But in the true Church , Christ and the Spirit are the only Officers , and men onely , so far , as Christ and the Spirit dwel and manifest themselves in them : and so when they do any thing in the Church , it is not they that do it , but Christ and his Spirit in them , and by them : And therefore saith Paul , Seek ye a proof of Christ speaking in me ? which to you wards is not weak but mighty : who ever is the instrument , Christ is the only Preacher of the New Testament ; and that which is the true Gospel , is the ministration of the Spirit ; for holy men spake as they were moved by the holy Spirit ; and were first anointed with the Spirit , before they preached : Iudas who preached the word , and was not anointed with the Spirit , proved a traitor to Christ ; and who ever preach the word without the Spirit , are the successors of Iudas , and also traitors to Christ. 11. The Churches of men have the government of them laid on mens shoulders , whether single persons , as Pope or Archbishop ; or combined , as the General Councel , or a National Assembly ; but the true Church , hath its government laid only on Christs shoulders , as the Prophet fore-told , Isa. 9. Vnto us a child is born , a Son is given , and the government shall lie on his shoulders : and Zech. 6.12 . He shall build the temple of the Lord , &c. and he shall sit and rule upon his throne : for none can rule the true Church , but he that built it . For if the Church be gathered together in Christ , as the true Church is , Christ is alwaies in the midst of them ; and if Christ is ever present with them , his own self , how cometh it to pass that Christ may not reign immediately over them ? Wherefore the true Church , reckons it sufficient authority , that they have Christ and his Word , for the ground of their practice ; and what ever they finde in the word , they presently set upon the practice of it , and never ask leave either of civil or ecclesiastical powers ; but the Churches of men will do nothing without the authority of the Magistrate or Assembly , though it be never so clear in the word of God : For in their Religion they regard the authority of men , more then the authority of God. 12. The Churches of men , are still setting themselves one above another ; but the assemblies of the true Church are all equal , having Christ and the Spirit , equally present with them and in them : and therefore the believers of one congregation cannot say , they have power over the believers of another congregation , seeing all congregations have Christ and his Spirit alike among them , and Christ hath not anywhere promised , that he will be more with one , then with another . And so Christ and the Spirit in one congregation , do not subjected , neither are subject to Christ and the Spirit in another congregation : as if Christ and the Spirit in several places , should be above and under themselves . But Christ in each assembly of the faithful is their head , and this head they dare not leave , and set up a fleshly head to themselves , whether it consist of one or many men : seeing Antichrist doth as strongly invade Christs headship in many , as in one man ; in a Councel , as in a Pope . Lastly , The churches of men , the gates of hell ( which are sin and death ) shall certainly prevail against ; but the true church of Christ , though the gates of hell do always fight against it , yet they shall never prevail against it ; as Christ hath promised , Mat. 16.18 . Vpon this rock I will build My church , and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it . In these things among other , the true Church of Christ differs from the churches of men : By which we may clearly see , that the true Church is not an outward and visible society or corporation , neither can it be pointed out by the finger , loe here , or loe there , seeing it is not confined to any certain place , time , or person , but it is wholly a spiritual and invisible society ( as I have said ) that is assembled in the Son and in the Father , who are the true pale and circumference of this Church , and out of whom , no part of it is to be found . Now hereupon it will presently be said , if the true Church be invisible , as you have affirmed , then , 1. How shall we know it ? 2. How can we joyn our selves to it ? To both which , I hope , I shall return a clear answer : And first to this Question , How shall we know the true Church seeing it is invisible ? I answer ; Just so as Christ the head is known , is the church his body known , and no other way ; now Christ is known , 1. By the revelation of the Father ; when Peter confessed Christ to be the Son of the living God , Christ told him , that flesh and blood had not revealed it to him , but his Father : now the members of Christ can no more be known , without this revelation of the Father , then Christ the head of these members , seeing the Apostle hath said , that as he is , so are we in this world ; so that he had need of other eyes then the world sees withal that would discern the true Church , and of another Revelation then any that flesh and blood can make . 2. Christ was known by the Spirits resting on him , Ioh. 1.33 . And I knew him not ( said Iohn Baptist ) but he that sent me to baptize with water the same said unto me , Vpon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending , and remaining on him , the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Spirit ; and I saw and bare record , that this is the Son of God. After the same manner the Church of Christ is known , to wit , by the Spirits comming and remaining on it : So that whatever people have received the Spirit of Christ , of what sort or condition soever they be , they are the Church of Christ ; and they that are destitute of this Spirit , are not of the Church . 3. Christ was known by the works he did , Ioh. 10.37 . If I do not the works of my Father , believe me not ; but if I do , though you believe not me , believe the works ; that ye may know , that the Father is in me , and I in him . And thus also is the true Church known , by doing the works of Christ ; seeing Christ hath said , He that believes in me , the works that I do shall he do , &c. And thus the body of Christ , is known by its living the life of the head , which is the life of faith and love ; and the members of Christ are known , by their doing the works of the head . Thus then you see , that though the true Church be spiritual , and cannot be known by our outward senses , yet we have certain tokens of her spiritual presence ; whereby we may reckon , that in this or that place , there be certain of her members . As by a natural example ; though the soul of man in it self be spiritual and invisible , and cannot be discerned by any of our senses , yet may we have sure tokens of its presence , by the effects and operations of the soul , in that body wherein it dwels ; as the exercise of reason , understanding , discourse , &c. so likewise the true Church which is invisible in it self , may yet be known by some certain signs , as by the word of faith , which sounds nowhere but in the Church , through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit ; as also by the life of Christ ; and presence and operations of his Spirit , &c. And thus you see how the Church , though it be spiritual , may be known . Well , but how can we be joyned to such a spiritual and invisible Church ? I answer , Is not Christ a spiritual and invisible head ? And how canst thou be joyned to such a head ? Sure our joyning to Christ , the head ; and to the Church , his body , is of one nature ; and that which joyns us to Christ , the head , will assuredly joyn us to the Church his body . Now through faith and the spirit onely , are we joyned to this head ; and through faith and the Spirit onely , are we joyned to this body ; and we cannot be of this spiritual body and society , but by being taken up into one faith and spirit with them : And so it is no more a difficult thing to be joyned to the true Church , because it is spiritual and invisible , then to be joyned to Christ himself upon the same account ; that is , it is no more difficult to be joyned to a spiritual and invisible body , than to a spiritual and invisible head ; and all acknowledge Christ to be such a head , and all must acknowledge the Church to be such a body . If any shall say that they cannot presently agree to these things , because they have had far different apprehensions of the Church heretofore : I desire all such to consider , that if the true Church were onely an outward and visible society and corporation of men , that were to be governed by outward and visible officers , according to outward and visible forms and orders , there would then be no great mystery in the Church ; for these things lie within the easie reach of every mans reason : But now , whole Christ is a great mystery , hid from ages and generations ; that is , not onely Christ , the Head of the Church , but also the Church , the body of Christ , Ephes. 5.32 . This is a great mystery , but I speak concerning Christ and the Church : And this latter mystery ( though both indeed make up one and the same mystery ) of the Church , or Christ the body , can no more be known by humane sense or reason , then the former of Christ the head ; the revelation of the Father , and the anointing of the Spirit , being equally necessary , for the right knowledge of both . And , as Antichrist hath had his mystery of iniquity , in opposition to Christ the Head , in setting up a visible and carnal Head , instead of the invisible and spiritual : so also , he hath had his mystery of iniquity , in opposition to the Church the body ; in erecting a visible and carnal body or Church , instead of an invisible and spiritual : for without all peradventure , the head and the body must be sutable each to other ; and of the same kinde and nature : And so , as a visible and carnal head , the Pope , was in no measure sutable to an invisible and spiritual body , the true Church ; so likewise a visible and carnal body , or Church , made and constituted by a mixture of Civil and Ecclesiastical laws and power , is in no measure sutable to a spiritual and invisible head : But what a kinde of Head the true Christ is , such a kinde of body or society the true Church is , and both are spiritual and invisible . And as the Lord in the former age , hath been pleased to reveal to the Church , the mystery of the Head , after a long time of its obscuring and darkning , under the reign of Antichrist : so now we wait in hope , that he will in this present age , reveal the mystery of the body , which hath been no less obscured then the former ; that so , the whole mystery , of whole Christ , may both be known and accomplished among us , according to the riches of his glory , by the Gospel . Wherefore all the faithful are desired , as occasion serve● , to make known , what God hath taught them in this matter , to supply , what is here spoken , weakly and imperfectly . And thus having declared what the true Church of Christ is , and rectified some ancient and general mistakes touching it , I shall now proceed to make known from the clear and evident word , the true and onely bonds of the Churches union , peace and agreement , as the Apostle hath delivered them to us , by the Spirit , Ephes. 4.4 , 5 , 6. There is one body and one spirit , even as yee are called in one hope of your calling ; One Lord , one Faith , one Baptism . One God and Father of all , who is above all , and through all , and in you all . Where note in general , that among all these bonds of the Churches unity , the Apostle makes not so much as any mention of UNIFORMITY ; Indeed the Rhemists ( being through the just judgement of God blinded ) from this very place , urge and press Vniformity ( which is the very word they use ) as being the great and mighty engine , first to advance the mystery of iniquity to its Throne , and after to preserve it there . But it will appear anon by the Apostles Doctrine , that no Conformity or Vniformity , are any bonds of the true Churches peace and union ; seeing the Church , is such a Kingdom , as is not preserved in its peace , by any outward forms and orders , as the Kingdoms of the world are , but by inward principles : Wherefore I shall proceed to speak of those spiritual bonds of the spiritual Churches unity , which the Apostle names ; and they are in number , seven ; the first whereof , is , ONE BODY . There is one body , saith Paul ; The right Church of Christ is but one body consisting of many members ; and this is not a natural or Political , but a spiritual body , even the body of Christ. Paul in several of his Epistles , takes pleasure to set forth the unity of the Church by this similitude ; as in Rom. 12.4 , 5. As we have many members in one body , and all members have not the same office ; So we being many , are one body in Christ , and every one members one of another . And again , 1 Cor. 12.12 . As the body is one , and hath many members ; and all the members of that one body , being many , are but one body , so also is Christ : Where he cals the body , by the name of the head , both making up one Christ. Now this Unity of Body , comprehends believers of all ages , and of all sorts . 1. Of all ages ; for all believers that hath been in the world heretofore , or now are , or shall be hereafter , do all make up but one body of Christ , though born and brought forth of God in several times and ages of the world ; as in a natural example , a childe is not born all in a moment , but is brought forth by degrees ; and though one part be born , and another not yet born , this doth not hinder unity of body in the child ; so the bringing forth the Church into the world in several ages , doth in no wise hinder this unity of body . 2. As this unity of body , comprehends believers of all ages , so also of all sorts and conditions , Iews and Gentiles , bond and free , &c. all which are made one body in Christ. Paul in Ephes. 2.15 . speaking of Jews and Gentiles , saith , That Christ of these twain ( who differed as much as mankinde could ) he hath made in himself , one new man : For Christ melting these two , by his Spirit , which is as fire , causes each to depart from himself , and makes both together , one new man , or body of Christ in himself ; and thus makes peace : For as long as men remain different bodies , or men , there is no peace amongst them ; but when Christ makes them one body in himself , he makes peace between them ; unity of body being a most necessary bond of peace in the Church ; as the Apostle testifies , Col. 3.15 . Let the peace of God rule in your hearts , to the which ye are called , in one body . Now from this unity of body in the true Church we may note very considerable things , all to our present purpose . 1. That unity of body in the Church , flows from unity of head : for here the members do not first conspire into an unity of body among themselves , and after choose a head to their body ; but first , these members are united to the Head , and then to one another in , and with the Head ; and so because there is but one true head , Christ : there is but one true body , the Church . 2. As the members of the natural body , are born such , through a natural birth , before they do or can exercise any acts or offices sutable to such members , and do not first exercise such offices , and then after are made such members ; as for instance , the eye doth not first see , and then or therefore , is made an eye in the body ; or the ear first hear , and then or therefore is made an ear in the body : but the eye , is first born an eye in the body , and then sees ; and the ear is born an ear , and then hears , &c. So in the spiritual body of Christ ; each Christian hath his membership , meerly from a new or spiritual birth , and hath his office from his membership , and not from any action or operation of his own , before he was a member . In this spiritual , as in the natural body , the eye is born an eye , and therefore it sees , and the foot is born a foot , and therefore it walks , and each believer , is only that , which he is through a new birth , and cannot be placed , in such and such an office by men ; no more then men can place , a seeing eye or walking foot in the natural body , but they must be born there , ere they can be there . Each member in the true Church , is born in his place and office by God , and is not placed there by man , and when the Church perceives this grace in its members , it suffers them to exercise those places and offices in the body , in which God hath produced or brought them forth , by his Spirit . 3. This unity of body , stands well with a difference or distinction of members , and the difference of members , doth not hinder , but help the unity of body : for saith Paul , The body is not one member , but many , and if they were all one member , where were the body ? And therefore in the body , there are diversity of members , and each member hath its several form and office ; If the whole body were an eye , where were the hearing , and if the whole were an ear , where were seeing , smelling , walking , &c. So in the unity of Christs body , there are diversity of members , with diversity of gifts and offices ; and so one hath the word of wisdom , another the word of knowledge , another the word of faith , another the gift of healing , &c. Every member in this body being in office , and having received the Spirit to profit withal . And so again , Rom. 12.6 . Having then gifts differing , according to the grace that is given to us ( he speaks of all the members of the body , which have some or other gifts , given to them ) if it be prophesie , let us prophesie according to the proportion of faith ; if ministry , let us wait on our ministring ; or he that teacheth on teaching , or he that exhorteth on exhortation , &c. So that in the true Church , unity stands with diversity , but in the false , unity will not stand without uniformity . 4. In this true Church , or one body of Christ , notwithstanding diversity of members and offices , there is still an equality among them all ; seeing all alike make up one body ; in which regard one member is as necessary to the body as another , and no member can say to another , that I contribute more to the making up of the body then thou ; the most honourable member , cannot say thus to the most mean , not the Apostles themselves to Believers among the Gentiles ; for we are the body of Christ , as well as they , and they are the body of Christ no more then we : wherefore no member , for diversity of office , is to lift up himself above another member , who is as necessary as it self , to the making up the body , and also is every whit as useful in its place . 5. As in the natural body , each member is contented with its ●wn place and office in the body : so is every member through the grace given unto it , contented with its place and office in the spiritual body , and not one either envies or despises another . 6. The members of the natural body , do not each live to them selves , but all of them serve one another , and each of them serves all ; as the eye sees for the foot , and the whole body , and the hand works for the eye , and the whole body , &c. So among believers , none lives and acts for himself only , but each believer serves all , and all serve each one in love . 7. Members that are united into one body , have a true sympathy with one another , both in good and evil things , 1 Cor. 12.26 And whether one member suffer , all the members suffer with it , or one member be honoured , all the members rejoyce with it . 8. Among the members of the body , there is no law of force , but only a law of love ; no member compelling another , but each member serving another by love : and if one member be infirm , the rest help it , and do not reject it : the more they care for it , and do not the more despise it . And this now is the first bond of the true Churches unity , Vnity of body . Now they break this first bond of unity , that either live out of this one body of Christ , or else live in it , but not as members . 1. They that do content themselves , in joyning to some outward and visible society and corporation of men , though called a Church , and think that by being knit to them in wayes of outward worship , and ordinances , they live in the unity of the Church , when as yet all this while they live out of that one body , that is born of the Spirit , which is the onely true Church , and body of Christ : he that lives out of this spiritual body , though he live in the most excellent society in the world , yet he breaks the unity of the Church , not living in one body with it . And thus many break the Churches unity , that never think on it . 2. Again , they break this bond of the Churches unity that live in this one body , but not as members ; And such are they , who having got the advantage of the Magistrates power , will needs lift themselves up above their fellow members , and exercise authoritative , coercive , domineering power over them , whereas the very Apostles themselves , were not Lords of the Church , but fellow-members with the faithful ; living in one body , and under one head with them , and so did all by love and perswasion , and nothing by force and violence . Now those members that exalt themselves above their fellow and equal members , what do they else but usurp the place of the Head ? and so break in sunder the unity of the body , which stands in the unity of the Head ? He that in a single or combined unity ▪ sets himself up above other Believers , by giving Laws , and by prescribing and commanding Forms and Rules to those that are every way his equals , he advances himself as another head besides Christ ; and so Anti christ is nearer to us then we are aware ; and many men that are so forward and fierce , to make and enforce Rules and Orders , colourably to procure the Churches peace , they are the first men that do themselves break this first bond of the Churches Vnity , to wit , Vnity of Body , which makes all Believers equal members , equally subject to one Head. The second bond of the true Churches unity , is , ONE SPIRIT . There is one body , and one Spirit , saith Paul ▪ and through unity of Spirit , they become one body . Now as the body of man consists of many members , and but one soul comprehends , quickens , moves , and governs all these members , making the eye to see , the hand to work , the foot to walk , &c. So the body of Christ , which is the Church , consisting of many members , hath yet but one and the same HOLY SPIRIT , which comprehends , quickens , moves and governs them all , and brings them into a most near and intimate society together , and inables each member , to its several office , according to its place and use in the body of Christ. And as a member , being cut off from the body , the soul doth not follow it , to cause it to live out of the unity of the body : So he that is divided from the true body of Christ , the Spirit , doth not follow him to make him live single by himself ; and so neither is the body of Christ without the Spirit , nor the Spirit of Christ without the body . And as the same soul in several members , acts severally , and yet is but one and the same soul in all ; so the same holy Spirit in several Believers , works severally , as it pleaseth , and yet is but the same holy Spirit in them all . So that the whole body of Christ , that is all Believers in the world have but one and the same holy Spirit in them , and this unity of Spirit in the Church , is one strong bond of its peace . Among mankinde in general , and more nearly among kindred , there is unity of flesh , but because there is difference of spirit , there is much envie , hatred , strife and variance in that unity of flesh ; but now the members of the body , are not only one flesh , but one soul or spirit too , and so there is always peace and agreement between them . And so the true Church of Christ is not only one body , but one Spirit too , and this makes it one indeed . For as this Spirit , is the love and connexion of the Father and the Son ; so it is also our love and connexion in the Father and the Son ; and as the Father and the Son live in unity of Spirit , so all Believers live the unity of the same Spirit in them . Now they on whom the Spirit was first given , after Christ was glorified , had also with the Spirit the gift of tongues , the Spirit given being for the communion of the Church , & so they spake with the tongues of all , the Church having through the communion of the Spirit , its society and consociation : For he that speaks by the Spirit in the Church , where all are one Spirit in Christ ; he speaks with the tongues of all ; and when a Believer hears another speak , it is , as if he himself did speak ; and when one speaks , it is , as if all spake ; for he speaks in the unity of Spirit with them , and so speaks the same doctrine of the Gospel and minde of Christ , which they all have equally heard and learned from God. Hence it is evident , that it is nothing to have the outward form of a Church , even as our souls could wish ; except there be , inwardly in that Church , the Spirit of Christ ; for it is not unity of form will ever make the Church one , but unity of Spirit : That Church then that is destitute of the Spirit , in its laws , orders , constitutions , forms , members , officers : what true unity can that have , in all its uniformity ? And this is the second bond of the true Churches Vnity ▪ Vnity of Spirit . Now they break this bond of the Churches unity , that live in their own spirits , and not in Christs ; for they that live in a different spirit from the true Church , what unity can they possibly have with it ? They then that live in their own humane reason , understanding , thoughts , councel , wils , ends , they live quite and clean out of the unity of this Church , yea , in direct enmity against it ; seeing our own corrupt and earthly spirits , are most contrary to the Holy and Heavenly Spirit of Christ , in which the Church lives . Wherefore we may learn hence , what to judge of those men , that cry out much for the peace of the Church , and yet themselves , neither live in , nor are led by , the Spirit of the Church ; but either by their own Spirits , or Antichrists . 2. They that labour to joyn men into one body with the Church , that are not one Spirit with it , do marr the peace of it : For as unity of Spirit in the Church is the bond of peace , so diversity of Spirit is the breach of peace , and therefore to preserve the peace of the Church , none are to joyn themselves to this one body , that are not of this one Spirit . 3. They that being of the Church , do any thing in it by their own Spirits , and not by Christs , prejudice the peace of the Church ; for the true Church is such a body which is to have all its communion in the Spirit . And therefore when any pray or prophesie , or the like , in the strength of natural parts , or humane studies and invention onely , and do not pray and prophesie in the Spirit , they break the unity of the Church ; for the faithful have communion with one another ; onely so far forth as the Spirit is manifested in each . Now if any shall say , How may I know Christs Spirit in these acts and duties from a mans own ? I answer , That as by the Word of God we can judge of all other Words and Doctrines ; and as by the Faith of Christ we can judge of all other beliefs , so by the Spirit of Christ we can judge of all other spirits ; and can know where is the same spirit , and where is a different or a contrary spirit ; as the members of the body can judge of the one-ness of Spirit that is among themselves . The third bond of the true Churches unity , is , ONE HOPE OF OUR CALLING . Even as ye are called in one hope of your calling : As all Believers are called by one calling ( which is the inward and effectual voyce of God to the soul , by his Spirit through the Gospel ) so they are all called into one blessed hope of obtaining the Kingdom and glory of God. And no one is called to this hope more then another , or hath more interest or share in it then another . Fishes that live in the Sea , though some be greater , and some less , yet none hath more interest or share in it then another ; but all being alike produced in it , enjoy it alike : and creatures that live on the earth , though some be greater , and some less , yet all enjoy the Sun and Ayr alike ; and yet nearer , the members of the body , though of different quantity , form and office , yet all have alike interest in the head and all its senses , and in the soul and all its faculties : So all the faithful enjoy Christ alike , and in him the Spirit and the Father ; and no Believer hath more interest in Christ and God , then another . So that all the faithful are called to the same things , and God gives not more , nor better things to one then to another , but he gives immortality , glory , eternal life , the Kingdom of Heaven ▪ which is the inheritance of the Saints , or which is all one , himself , alike to all , and makes all to sit alike in heavenly places in Christ ▪ and in the Father . All the faithful then are equally called to an Vnity of hope , and none can hope for greater or better things then another . It was a very carnal thing in the Mother of Zebedee's children , to desire of Christ , That one of her Sons might sit at his right hand , and another at his left hand , in his Kingdom , where all alike sit at his right hand , and none at all at his left . Indeed in the Kingdoms of men , some have greater estates then others , and are in higher Honour and Authority ; and this breeds envie , and emulation , and strife , and distances , &c. but in the Sons Kingdom , and in the Fathers , all that are counted worthy to dwell therein , do alike inherit all things ; All things are yours , saith Paul : And he that overcomes shall inherit all things ; saith Iohn : And the least believer hath no less , and the greatest hath no more ; and this causes unity and peace among them . We see what a strong bond of peace and agreement , unity of hope is in them that travel together , that fight together , that labour together ; and so much more in them who are equally called by God to the Kingdom of God. And this , is the third bond , of the true Churches Vnity : Vnity of Hope . Now they break this bond of the Churches Vnity , that live out of this hope of the Church , whose hope is in earthly , carnal , base things ; who pretending to be Christians , yet live onely in the hopes of men , in hopes of worldly profit , honour , preferment , and the attaining and enjoyment of the things of this life , which they , according to the eagerness of their hopes , prosecute mightily , by all ways and means . These men , I say , break the Vnity of the Church : for what true Vnity can they have with the true Church , that live not in unity of hope with it ? Seeing worldly hopes carry men one way , and the hopes of Believers carry them another : carnal hopes make men leave God for the world ; and the hope of Saints makes them leave the world for God : Wherefore they that differ in their hopes , which are their ends , must needs differ in their ways and works ; and so he that lives out of the hope of the Church , lives also out of the unity of it . The fourth bond of the true Churches unity , is , ONE LORD . The right Church hath not many Lords , but One ; and this one and only Lord , is the Lord Iesus Christ : And so all the subjects of this Kingdom are fellow servants to one Lord , to whom they do owe equal obedience ; and this also is a strong bond of Vnity . For when there are divers Lords , there are divers minds , and wils , and ends , and so divers laws ; and these breed divisions , and dissentions , and wars among men ; but where there is but one Lord , there is also but one Law ; and where people live by one Law , under one Lord , unto whom all are equally subject , this breeds peace and union . Now the Lordship of the Church , is the Royal Prerogative of Christ , and no creature must presume to arrogate this honour to himself ; seeing unto the very Angels he hath not put in subjection this world to come , whereof we speak . And for men , Christ hath charged his own Apostles ( who if there were any difference among Believers , might undoubtedly challenge the preheminence ) I say , Christ hath charged even them on this sort , Matth. 23.10 . Be not ye called Masters , for one is your Master , even Christ ; but he that is greatest among you , shall be your servant : That is , you may and ought to be servants to one another , but not masters : and this same doctrine the Apostle Iames preacheth , Iam. 3.1 . My brethren ( saith he ) be not many Masters , knowing that we shall receive the greater condemnation : it is not fit for brethren , who are equal among themselves , to make themselves masters over one another . Christ also hath spoken again , so plainly to this matter , Math. 20. that one would wonder , that ever the Beast , or his image , should dare to arrogate to themselves , Lordship over the People of God , in so clear a light ; Ye know ( saith Christ to the twelve ) that the Princes of the Gentiles exercise Dominion over them , and they that are great exercise authority over them : but it shall not be so amongst you : he speaks it peremptorily ; that some Believers should not exercise dominion and authority over Believers ; no not the greatest over the least , all being fellow servants alike , under one Lord. Wherefore they that are puffed up in their hearts against their fellow servants , might better think thus with themselves , why Christ is our Lord , as well as theirs , and is as much over us as over them ; and we are not over our fellow servants , nor they under us ; but both of us are equally under Christ , and Christ is equally over us both ; and so Christ hath given us the same laws , he hath given them ; to wit , that we should believe in him , and love one another ; and he expects the same obedience from us , as from them ; and so we are not to command one another ; but are all alike to be commanded by him . It was the evil servant , that beat his fellow servants upon hopes of the delay of his Masters coming . And this is the fourth bond of the true Churches Vnity , Vnity of Lord. Now they break this bond , of the Churches Vnity , that either make themselves , or others , Lords over the Church , besides Christ , and parcel out this one Kingdom of the Son to many Lords , to the great dishonour of Christ , and dis-union of the Church . The Pope was the first that professed himself to be the general Master in the whole Church of God : and after the Pope , a general Councel took this honour to it self ; and by degrees , this last became as hard , yea , a harder taskmaster to the Church , then the former . After , when particular Kingdoms fell off from the Pope and his Antichristian Church , the mystery of iniquity , was not by this means wholly dissolved ; but only was contracted and brought into a less compass ; for then the Archbishop made himself general master of the Church in each particular Kingdom , as the Pope before had done in all ; and after the Archbishop rises up a National Assembly , as the General Councel after the Pope ; and each of these in their courses , usurp Lordship over the Church of Christ , to the sad dissolution of its unity . Most evident then it is , that during the time of the Apostasie , the Church hath been most miserably Lorded even amongst us ; for the Priest he Lorded it over the People , the Arch-deacon over the Priest , the Dean over the Arch deacon , the Bishop over the Dean , and the Arch-bishop over the Bishop ; under which woful bondage the Church cried out , as Isa. 26. O Lord our God , other Lords besides thee have had dominion over us . And is this bondage of the Church now eased , by casting off those strange Lords ? Yea , do not men rather seek to encrease it , by setting yet stranger over it , whose names are so full of mystery , that the common people cannot understand them ? for now they would have the Classical Presbytery set over the Congregational , and the Provincial over the Classical , and the National over the Provincial ; for so it is Voted , THAT IT IS LAWFULL AND AGREEABLE TO THE WORD OF GOD , THAT THERE BE A SUBORDINATION OF CONGREGATIONAL , CLASSICAL , PROVINCIAL AND NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH : Now here is mystery , and nothing but a certain rising up into the old power , under a new name . And mark how they prove this subordination of Congregational , Classical , Provincial and National Assemblies , to wit , by that Scripture , Mat. 18. where it is written , If thy brother trespass against thee , and will neither hear thy admonition nor councel , nor the admonition and councel of other brethren , TELL THE CHURCH ; that is , the Congregation of the faithful . Now from this place they prove the fore mentioned subordination of Assemblies , just as the Pope once proved himself to be above the Emperour , to wit , because it is written , Gen. 1. That God made two great lights , the Sun to rule by day , and the Moon by night . Now if this might be brought about , which they design , the Church would be so far from being eased of its strange Lords that it should have them exceedingly multiplied ; for what is a National Assembly , but an Archbishop multiplied ? and what a Provincial Assembly , but a Bishop multiplied ? And a Classical , but a Dean and Arch deacon multiplied ? And thus the former Lords being removed , they would in their stead , cause the Church to swarm with Classical , Provincial and National Lords , and would by no means suffer Christs own Kingdom to return to his own Lordship and Dominion . And thus whilest they by secular power , seek to enforce these Ecclesiastical Lords over the Church , they absolutely break in pieces the unity of it , even whilst they bear the simple people in hand , that they above all other men seek to preserve it : seeing the plurality of Lords , is alwayes the cause of Schisms and divisions in the Church , which can never be one but under one Lord , the Lord Jesus Christ. The fifth bond of the true Churches Vnity , is , ONE FAITH . The true Church of God hath but one Faith , wrought by one Spirit , apprehending the same Christ , or the same living and eternal truth of God. So that Abraham , and Moses , and David , and all the Prophets , and all the Apostles , and we who now believe , and all that shall believe hereafter , all have , and do , and shall live in the same mystery of faith ; that is , Believers in all Ages , do not live their own lives , but all live the life of Christ in their own soul and bodies , each one receiving equally from Christ ; the life of Christ , which they all live alike in him , being one with him ; as the branches live equally , the life of the Vine ; and one branch , lives it not more then another . Through faith then every Christian is carryed out of himself , and all his own things into Christ ▪ whom he apprehends with all his fulness , for his own ; and in this faith , all Christians are equal , and none hath a better or worse faith then another . So that in regard of faith also , there is among the true Church unity and equality . For all Believers have one and the same faith , of the operation of God , wrought by the same Spirit , which raised up Christ from the dead ; and that faith which the Spirit works , neither sin , death nor the devil can possibly prevail against ; and so the faith of the operation of the Spirit , is altogether invincible in all the faithful . Among true Christians , some are not justified by faith , and some by works , but all are saved through faith , without the works of the law . Among true Christians , one Believers faith doth not apprehend one word , and anothers , another word ; but the faith of each , and of all apprehends one and the same word of truth and life , which is Christ himself , Yesterday , and to day , and the same for ever . Among Believers , one doth not live his own life , and another Christs , which indeed would make them very different and unequal , but all live Christs life alike , and none their own . And thus is the whole Church knit together in Vnity of Faith. Now this unity of faith is mightily able to preserve peace among Believers , notwithstanding diversity either of inward gifts , or outward works . 1. Vnity of Faith preserves peace , notwithstanding diversity of inward gifts , inasmuch as we are not made members of Christs body , through such and such gifts , but meerly through faith ; and so he that hath one or a less gift , is equally a member of Christ , through his faith , with him that hath another or a greater gift ; and so unity of faith , which makes us all one body in Christ , is to keep us one , notwithstanding diversity of gifts and operations ; and diversity of gifts are in no wise to divide where there is unity of faith . Further , among them that believe , where there is the more gift , there is only the more labour ; but there is not another , or a better Christ ; and where there is the less gift , there is the same Christ , equally enjoyed through faith : He that had five Talents given him , brought in five that he had gained ; and he that had ten , ten : but he that brought in most Talents , had not more of Christ then he that brought in fewer ; and he that brought in fewer , had not less of him , then he that brought in more ; but each having Christ alike by faith , brought in the exercise of his several gifts . And so unity of Faith is to keep us one , notwithstanding diversity of inward gifts . And secondly , it is to keep us one , notwithstanding diversity of outward works . For unity of Faith makes all believers righteous alike , though they differ in outward work ; For in Christs Kingdom each ones righteousness is reckoned by his faith , not by his outward works . And therefore Paul , Heb 13.7 . having reckoned up many excellent works of the Fathers , doth not enjoyn us to follow their works , but their faith , saying , Whose faith follow , considering the end of their conversation ; seeing the unity of the Church stands in unity of faith ; and there may be unity of faith in diversity of works ; for faith uses freely any outward laws , manners , forms , works , so farr as they may tend to the mortifying of our bodies , and the edifying of our neighbours ; wherein faith also will judge for it self , and will suffer no body to judge for it : and in all change of works , faith is the same , and changes not ; and the Church still remains one , through unity of faith , in the midst of variety , and diversity of outward works . And therefore where men are accounted Christians for such and such outward works sake , and this unity of faith is not taught and received , there the gates of hell do certainly prevail . And this is the fifth bond of the true Churches unity , Vnity of Faith. Now they break this bond of the Churches unity , that live out of this faith of Gods Elect , seeing it is written , That the just shall live by faith : And therefore they that live by sense in the things of the world , or by form in the things of God , they live out of this faith and unity of the Church . 1. They that live by sense in the things of the world , break this bond of the Churches unity ; even such as minde , and affect , and love , and desire earthly things , and have all their joy , comfort , sweetness , satisfaction , support and confidence in the creature ; these live out of the unity of the Church ; seeing the life of sense is clean contrary to the life of faith : Faith carrying us to live in God out of the creature , and sense carrying us to live in the creature out of God. 2. They that live by form in the things of God , whether it be called Conformity , as the Prelates called it ; or Vniformity , as the Rhemists do also break this bond of the Churches unity . For to live upon this or that form of religion , or worship , so as to think our selves good Christians therefore , and others evil , that shall live otherwise , is to fall apparently from the faith of the Church , seeing faith doth not live upon this or that form of Religion , but it lives on Christ only in every duty ; and whatsoever form it may use for a help to the infirmity of the flesh , yet in the use of forms it lives above forms in Iesus Christ , and his fulness . The sixth bond of the true Churches unity , is , ONE BAPTISME . The true Church , which is the body or flesh of Christ , hath but one and the self same Baptism , by which it is purified ; which is the Baptism of the Spirit : For the Apostle speaks here of that Baptism wherein the whole Church is one ; which is not the Baptism of the sign , which hath often been altered and changed , but the Baptism of the substance , which comprehends all believers , and all ages , and under several and various dispensations ; and was the same before Christs comming in the flesh , as since ; believers both of the Iews and Gentiles , of the Old and New Testament , drinking all alike into one Spirit , though these more plentifully then those : So that , though many have wanted the Baptism of water , yet not one member of the true Church , hath wanted the Baptism of the Spirit , from whence our true Christianity begins . Now this Baptism of the Spirit , is the onely Baptism that hath power and efficacy to make Christians one : For through the Baptism of the Spirit it is , that the Church is made one body , as Paul saith , 1 Cor. 12.13 . For by one Spirit we are all baptized into one body , whether we be Iews or Greeks , whether we be bond or free , and have been all made to drink into one Spirit : The true Church , drinks all into one Spirit ( as ye have heard ) and not into many ; and through one Spirit are baptized into one body , and not into many ; and believers are never truly one , till they partake of this one Baptism . Now this Baptism of the Spirit , as it is but one , so it is administred onely by one Christ ; as Iohn Baptist witnesseth , Math. 3.11 . saying , I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance ; but he that cometh after me is mightier then I , whose shoes I am not worthy to bear , he shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit , and with fire : For as none can give the Son but the Father , so none can baptize with the Spirit but the Son ; for this is Christs proper and peculiar Baptism from the Throne of his glory , and no mans whatsoever ; this he hath reserved in his own power , and hath not given it into any mans power . And this is the sixth bond of the true Churches unity : One Baptism . Now they break this bond of the Churches unity , that content themselves onely with the Baptism of water being destitute of the Baptism of the Spirit ; and so remain in the uncleanness of all their old corruptions and lusts , and in all the filthiness and pollutions of flesh and spirit ; by reason of which they can have no true peace and agreement in heart , and Spirit , and Nature , with those who are cleansed from these pollutions , and are washed and justified purified and sanctified in the name , and by the Spirit of God ; For what agreement can there be between them that live in all the corruptions of sinful men , and them that live in the renewing of the Holy Spirit ? So that it is not the washing of water but the washing of the Spirit , that is the true ground of the true Churches unity ; and they that want this Baptism of the Spirit , though they have been baptized with water never so much , live quite and clean out of the unity of the Church . The seventh bond of the true Churches unity , is , ONE GOD AND FATHER OF ALL , WHO IS ABOVE ALL , AND THROUGH ALL , AND IN YOU ALL. And this , though it be last named , yet it is the first fountain and original of the Churches unity , even One God and Father of all . The true Church is a Kingdom of brethren , who have all , one God and Father , from whom all receive alike the divine nature ; which being one and the same in all , without any difference , makes them all one , and equal , that are born of God. For among these , none have a better Father then another ; nor none hath a more excellent nature then another , but all receive the same nature from the same God and Father ; and so are brethren in the Lord ; and this also is another strong bond of unity . For they having all one God and Father ; First , all are alike dear to him , because all are alike born of him , and so he loves not one more or less then another , but comprehends all in one and the same love with Iesus Christ. And this truly known , will restrain believers from wronging one another , when they know , that such are every whit as dear , to God , as themselves ; and that God hath as great and tender love to them , and care over them . Secondly , All are alike near to us , because of this one God and Father ; and so among true Christians there can be no such divisions , and factions , and sidings , as among worldly people ; because one Christian is not nearer to us then another ; and so we do not take part with one against another , but all are alike near to us : and so without any respect of persons , we embrace all that are born of God , with an equal love , and seek the good of each one , yea , of every one as well as any one . Now this God and Father of the Church , he farther describes that he is , 1. ABOVE ALL ; The Father is above the children , and they are not above one another , but he is above them all , ruling and over-ruling them ; and so they are not to live in their own wills , which might cause difference , but in their Fathers will , which causes unity ; and thus his being above them all , keeps them in peace ; Whereas we see , where children live without due subjection , having no body above them , as it falls out sometimes among Orphans , there they are often unquiet and grievous to one another : But God is above all his children , and so keeps them in due subjection to him and in quietness and love with one another , daily composing their differences through his unity . 2. He is , THROUGH ALL ; as having communicated to all his own nature ; and so according to this nature of his , which he hath communicated to all alike , and all alike possess , he is through them all . And hereupon they all must needs be one , because God never differs from himself , but his nature is at unity with it self in all , in whom it dwels ; and brings them all out of the differences of their natures , into the unity of Gods. 3. He is , IN THEM ALL. God is such a Father as hath his presence in all his Children ; he hath a special presence in them , dwelling in them after the maner he dwelt in Christ , though not in that measure ; for God dwels in Christ and Christians otherwise then in the rest of the creatures ; to wit , by communicating his nature to them through his union with them : And wherever God communicates his nature , there he is present most truly , powerfully , and gloriously indeed : And such a presence of God in his Church as this , keeps it in constant and unchangeable unity : For how can they who have God thus dwelling in them , and who again thus dwell in God , be at odds among themselves ? And this is the seventh bond of the true Churches unity : ONE GOD AND FATHER , &c. Now they break this bond of the Churches unity , who have not this one God and Father of the Church to be their God , and their Father , who will needs call God Father , and yet are none of his children ; who will be of the Church of God , and yet are not born of God ; and so live according to their own natures , and not according to Gods ; all these , I say , break the unity of the Church , seeing we can no longer live in peace , then this one God and Father is above us , and through us , and in us . All they then that will needs be members of the Church through outward profession , and yet are none of this spiritual brotherhood , as having no descent from this heavenly Father , they break this unity of the Church , even all the children that are onely born after the flesh , and so still live according to the natures of men , and are not born of the Spirit , to live after the nature of God. These now are the seven bonds of the true Churches true unity and peace ; and there is no other bond of unity necessary for the Church , besides these : For if there had , the Apostle being guided by the Spirit , would never have omitted it . And therefore the more are they to blame , who making a great noise , and lifting up their voyce on high for unity , peace and agreement in the Church , yet do wholly neglect these seven bonds of the true Churches unity ; and cry up one instead of them all ; and that is External Vniformity . So that now among them , one body , and one Spirit , and one hope of our calling , and one Lord , and one Faith , and one Baptism , and one God and Father of all , are nothing at all to the Churches unity , but their uniformity is all in all ; and whoever breaks that ( which yet they have no Scripture of God to enjoyn , no nor once to name ) he is the man , with them , that breaks the Churches peace ; and so , Antichrist-like , they have exalted their single uniformity above this seven-fold unity of the Church , and so have ( as much as in them lies ) made the word of the Spirit void , through their carnal ( that I say no more ) traditions . For a man may break all these seven bonds of the Churches unity , and yet be a very good member of their Church , if he onely observe their uniformity ; but if he break this , he is a Schismatike and an Heretike , and not worthy to live in their account , though he live in all the bonds of this true and spiritual unity . Wherefore to escape these snares , let all believers know assuredly , that these seven bonds named by the Apostle , which are all spiritual , and of God , and not one of them carnal , or of man , are the onely bonds of the true Churches true unity ; and that whoever of their own minds presume to add to thes● , are guilty of adding to the word of God , themselves being but wretched creatures ; and so involve themselves in all the curses written in his Book , among which death and hell have their place . And let us further know that whoever do combine together to make themselves one , out of the fore-named unity , though they call themselves the Church never so much , yet they are but sects , and schismes , and divisions , and factions rent from the true Church of God : for such men choose and frame to themselves some singular way of worship , form , order , &c. whereby they think they excell other Christians , and so cause the simple and ignorant ( which are the multitude of people ) to follow them ; especially having countenance of worldly authority ; by which means both they and their followers , depart from the true unity of the Church : For when , this seven-fold spiritual unity is neglected , Christianity is torn in pieces , into as many sects as the world and Devil please , till there be no footsteps left , either of faith or love . So that whatever these men pretend , most certain it is , that all confedaracies in the Church , of outward orders forms , rites , laws , ceremonies , disciplines , which are necessarily enforced by the secular power , seduced by the Ecclesiastical , will never hold the Church together ; but all these are , and have proved , and will prove , rather a wall of partition in the Church , then a bond of union ; and if they seem to work union , yet it is no other then the mingling clay and iron together , which no pains nor art can perfectly compound . For all peace and union in the Church , knit by other bonds , then are here named , is no spiritual union , neither will it stand . And therefore dear Christians and believers , seeing we have seven bonds of unity , all of Gods own making , to make us one , let not diversity of forms and rites , which are but sorry things of mans making , separate and divide us : but seeing each of these bonds are able to make us one , how much one , should all of them together make us ? And thus having shewed from the word , how all Christians and believers are made one by God ; the next thing , I shall aim at , is , to shew how they may continue one among themselves , in reference to that communion they have with one another , whilst they sojourn in this world , flowing from the former union ; that so all darkness and mistakes , which now , even many believers are grievously inwrapped in , may be dispelled and done away , and we may live in this pure and perfect union with one another in God , making all outward things subservient hereunto , and none of them prejudicial . And to this purpose I conceive , we are , 1. To know some things : And both otherwise then yet we seem , either to know or do them . And 2. To do other things : And both otherwise then yet we seem , either to know or do them . 1. To preserve our peace we have in Christ , we must be instructed aright , in the matter of the Churches GOVERNMENT , because the mistake in this thing is so great a cause of controversie and division among us at this day . For if the true Church hath its true government , without any such forms and laws and power , as is now so earnestly contended for , there is no reason we should fall out and divide for these things . Now the Government of the Church , is two fold . 1. There is that Government , which God exercises immediatly by himself . And 2. That Government which he exercises mediately , and by the faithfull . The first of these , that is , Gods immediate Government , is also two-fold : 1. The Government of his speciall providence . 2. The Government of his spiritual presence . The first sort , of Gods immediate Government of his Church , is the Government of his special providence , and this is a most strange , wonderful and glorious Government . This was that Government of God , over the Church of Israel , when he took his own Nation , out of the midst of another Nation , by temptations , signs , wonders , by a strong hand , and a stretched out arm , and great terrours , when he led them through the red Sea , and through the wilderness , in paths that were not trodden , when he fed them with bread from heaven , and water out of the Rocks , when he suffered no man to do them wrong , but reproved even Kings for their sake , and through multitudes of enemies and oppositions , led them into the Land of Canaan . Thus , God led that Church , from bondage to liberty , from tribulation to quietness ; from a sordid condition , to honour and renown ; from a strange land , to a land , of inheritance ; and from slavery to a Kingdom . And this was a glorious Government indeed ; standing in Gods immediate conduct from heaven , far above all humane councels , wisdom , stratagems , or any thing else of mans contriving and acting : and this government of God is so far beyond all humane apprehensions that according to this , it is said , His way is the Sea , and his path in the great waters , and his footsteps are not known . And is not this kinde of Gods government , of the spiritual Church of the New Testament , every whit as wonderful and glorious , as was that of the visible Church of the Old Testament ? For though the beginning of it was small and low in the world , yet did it receive encrease with the encrease of God , and was preserved , maintained and enlarged in the world , notwithstanding all the rage and cruelties of the persecuting Heathen Emperours , for three hundred years together ; and ever since , God himself hath taken the conduct of this Church , and hath carryed it through difficulties , distresses , reproaches , prisons , torments , deaths to ease liberty comfort , joy , salvation , glory , life , happiness ; and this hath been Gods glorious government of the Church hitherto . And at this present time the Church of God wants not this government , among all the troubles , confusions , wars , and desolations of the Kingdom , but God is now as near his true Church as ever , and supports it , and comforts it , and guides it as a skilful Pilot , in such sort , that though the flouds lift up their voice and billows against it , yet they cannot sink it ; For the Lord on high is mightier then the mighty waves of the Sea : And so still , even at this day , the Lord leads his flock through the midst of Wolves and Lyons , yea through the midst of Devils , in admirable and invincible safety , and gives them light in darkness , councels in difficulties , and success in all attempts , above and beyond , both all the power , and all the expectation of the world . Now note here , that this kinde of government of the Church , God doth not mannage , according to the wisdom and thoughts , no not of his very people , but wholly according to the councel of his own will , and the thoughts of his own heart : doing things , that they must not know yet , but must know afterwards ; yea , such things as for the present seem absurd , and absolutely destructive . And this is the usual way and order of Gods governing his Saints . That of Luther , on Gen. 39. is worth our minding here . I ( saith he ) have often endevoured to prescribe certain wayes and methods to God , which he should use in the governing of his Church . Ah Lord ( said I ) I would have this to be thus done , in this order , with this event . But God did altogether contrary to what I did desire . Then again thought I , why , my councel is not differing from the glory of God , but it will make much for the sanctifying of thy name , the gathering and encreasing thy Kingdom , the propagating the knowledge of thy word ; and to be brief , it is a most excellent and profitable design . But God no doubt laughed at this wisdom of mine , and said . Go to now , I know thee to be wife and learned , but this was never my manner , that either Peter or Martin ( meaning himself ) should teach , or form , or govern , or lead me . For I am not a passive , but an active God , who use always to lead , govern , form . Now ( saith he ) it is very grievous , that our wisdom should be only passive , and that we are commanded to mortifie and slay it ; and therefore many , who could not endure this mortification , have fallen horribly . And thus this kinde of Gods government , is wholly according to his own wisdom and councel , and wholly without , yea contrary to ours . And thus we are in some measure acquainted with the government of Gods special providence , over his Church . 2. The second sort of Gods immediate Government of his Church , is the Government of his spiritual Presence , or Gods government within us . For the right Church , is the City of God , and hath God in the midst of it , being built and framed , and that according to every part of it , by the Spirit , to be the habitation of God ; this is the temple of the living God , as God hath said , and God is in it of a truth : And if any would know what this Church is called , the name of it is , THE LORD IS THERE . And so the whole guiding and ordering of this Church , depends wholly on God , who dwels within it . For God will not dwell in his own Church , and sit still , whilst others that are without it , shall govern it ; but the government of the right Church , lies on his shoulders , who is Immanuel , God with us , and in us . And so this government of the Church , is one of the invisible things of God , in the Church : Christ who fils it , governing it , by a most present and powerful , but invisible influence ; leading it into truth , by the Spirit of truth : into patience , by the Spirit of patience ; into love , by the Spirit of love ; into power , by the Spirit of power ; into humility , meekness , patience , heavenly mindedness , and into the fulness of all Righteousness , by that Spirit , which contains all these graces in it self , and works them in all those , in whom it dwels . In this government we hear the voice behind us , saying , This is the way , walk in it , when we turn either to the right hand , or to the left . In this government we have not outward laws to order us , as the Kingdoms of the world have , but an inward law written in our hearts by the Spirit of God , as God hath said , I will write my law in their hearts , and in their inward parts ; and this law , is the word of life ; for the living Church or body of Christ , can only be governed by a living word , which is called , the law of the spirit of life . And according to this Government also , God guides the true Church wonderfully , the soul not seeing the ways and councels of God , whereby he forms and fashions the Church , according to his own minde , and good pleasure , clean contrary to humane reason and judgement ; for he brings them to mourning , to bring them to comfort ; brings them to despair , to bring them to faith ; to death , to bring them to life ; yea , even to hell , to bring them to heaven : leading his chosen people after such a manner , that nothing would follow but faith , which looks not at the things which are seen , but at the things which are not seen . And thus , when the soul is in the midst of many fears , woes , agonies , temptations , till it feel in good earnest , the true sorrows of death , and pains of hell , and in this darkness sees no beam , nor the least glimmering of light ; and wants all counsel , and knows not which way to turn it self : then Christ comes and manifests himself to the soul , and counsels , and directs , and comforts it , and leads it into the path of life , and redeems it from all distress , subduing the world , and the devil , and sin , and death , and hell under it ; yea , and carrying it into all the fulness of God. Now these two sorts of Governments , to wit , the one of his special providence , and the other of his spiritual presence , the true Church never wanted in any Age : And in this present Age , when the Prelatical Government hath been dissolved for several years together ; Can any Christian think , that the right Church of Christ hath been without all Government ? Nay , all this while it hath been governed most powerfully by his special providence , and most sweetly by his spiritual presence : So that neither the world , nor the devil have been able to prevail , neither against its grace nor comforts : And for an outward , formal , visible , enforced Government , after the manner of civil Corporations , or worldly Kingdoms ; the true Church can as well want such a Government at all times , as at any time ; yea , and it is best without it , as being farthest removed from the tyranny of men , and more immediately under the Government of Christ , its onely King and Law-Giver . And therefore they that are so violent for an outward and visible Government of the Church , after the manner of the Kingdoms of the World ; I do heartily wish , that if it be the good pleasure of God , they might sometime or other be exercised with temptations of despair , and with the sence of the wrath of God , and everlasting burnings : For by this means their idle and vain thoughts and speculations of governing the Church of God by humane power and methods , would soon vanish , and they would soon give over to trouble themselves , and the faithful , about things that have neither power in them to free from eternal death , nor to procure eternal life . And thus much for that two-fold Government of the Church , which God himself exercises immediately in and over it ; whereof we must not be ignorant , if we desire to preserve the peace of the Church , both in our selves and others . Now besides this immediate Government of God , there is another sort of Government of the Church , which Christ exercises mediately by the Church : And this also is Christs Government , and not mans ; and men who have not known not understood the former Government of Christ , have mistaken this also , through the same unbelief ; wherefore , they not so much as minding the former Government of Christ , which is immediate , and by himself , have made this mediate Government of the Church by man , to be all ; And this also , I say , they have understood most grossly and carnally , and not according to the Word , but according to their own ignorant and seduced hearts . I shall not trouble the Reader with their particular mis apprehensions in this matter ; seeing it is far more profitable to content our selves with the plain and evident truth , then to enquire after variety of errors . Wherefore letting alone their darkness , I shall onely endeavour that the light of the word may shine unto us in this matter , that herein also we may be taught of God , if it be the will of God. This mediate Government then of Christ , in the true Church , I conceive to be nothing but this , Christs ordering all things by the faithful , among the faithful , in reference to the communion of Saints . Now because many Christians desire instruction and light in this matter , I shall be willing to hold forth to them that measure of knowledge , which I have received herein ; being desirous also to learn my self of them that can teach me better by the Word . And that I may proceed the more distinctly , I shall propound several things , to which I shall speak in order ; and they be these : 1. To whom Christ hath committed , the power of ordering and managing all things in the true Church , in reference to the communion of Saints . 2. What kinde of power this is which the true Church hath . 3. What is the extent of this power . 4. What is the outward instrument of it . 5. What the true Church can do , by vertue of it . And this comprehends these particulars . 1. It can gather it self together . 2. It can appoint its own order . 3. It can choose its own officers ; and if need be , reform them , or depose them . 4. It can call its own councels . 5. It can judge of all Doctrines , both of its Officers and Councels . And all these things I reckon needful for the true Church to know , for the preserving among themselves that peace and unity they have in Christ. They first thing then is , 1. To whom Christ hath committed the power of ordering and managing all things in the true Church , in reference to the communion of Saints . I Answer ; He hath given it to the true Church it self , as formerly described , even to each and all the members of it : for as natural power belongs to all natural men alike , so spiritual power ( which is the true Church-power ) to all spiritual men alike . Christ in a Believer is the root of true Church-power ; and because Christ dwels in all Believers alike , through unity of faith : therefore all Believers partake alike of spiritual and super-natural power ; and no one partakes of this power more then another , any more , then he partakes of Christ , more then another ; but Christ in them all , is the self-same power of God , to do all things that are to be done in the Kingdom of God. And according this sense , that place in Math. 16.19 . is to be understood ; where Christ saith to Peter , And I will give unto thee the keys of the Kingdom of heaven ; and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth , shall be bound in heaven ; and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth , shall be loosed in heaven . The Pope and Papal Church , under colour of this place , have made great merchandise , and have exceedingly abused , and cheated the Nations , for many hundred years together ; but the light of the Gospel hath shined forth , and the days of their traffique are at end : And yet since , others have been trucking with the world , by their false interpretations of this place , and have thought to use it , to their great advantage ; but the day hath so far dawned , that their shadows also , are flying away . But not to keep you longer , from the words themselves ; Peter had said to Christ , Thou art Christ , the Son of the living God : And Christ replyed to Peter , Blessed art thou , for flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee , but my Father which is heaven ; and then adds , Vnto thee will I give the keys of the Kingdom of heaven , &c. that is , not to Peter as an Apostle , or Minister , but as a Believer , who had the Revelation of the Father , touching the Son : and so also , they are given equally , to each faithful Christian , who hath the same Revelation with Peter , as also to the whole communion of Saints . And so , these Keys are not given to any particular person or persons , consisting of flesh and blood , or imployed in such or such an Office ; but that man , whoever he be , that hath the Revelation of the Father , he it is , to whom these Keys are given , and to none else : and so they are given to each Believer in particular , and to the whole Church of Believers , in general . But what are these Keys , about which , there hath been so great a do in the Church ? I answer , They are not any outward Ecclesiastical power whatever , that men have devised , to serve their own turns withal ; but to pass by the many false conceits , wherewith many former and present Writers , have and do still trouble the Church ; Iohn doth tell us plainly , Ioh. 20.22 . what Matthew means by the Keys of the Church . Christ ( saith he ) appearing to his Disciples after his Resurrection , breathing on them , said , Receive the holy Spirit [ here are the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven ] and then adds , Whose sins ye remit , they are remitted ; and whose sins ye retain , they are retained ; that is , when ye have received the Spirit , then you have received the Keys , to binde and loose , to remit and retain sin , and that not according to your wils , but wholly according to the minde , and will , and direction of the Spirit . And so , Christ then before his ascention , gave these Keys , truly to his Disciples , but more solemnly and fully at the day of Pentecost ; when the Spirit was given by Christ glorified : and after , the Gentiles , who by the preaching of Peter received the Spirit , even as the Apostles did , they also received these Keys ; and so all , that have received the Spirit , have the Keys of the Kingdom equally committed to them , and the power of binding and loosing by the ministration of the Spirit . And so these Keys , appertain not only to greater Congregations of Christians , but to the very least communion of Saints , as Christ hath promised , Where two or three are met together in my name , there am I present in the midst of them : Where we see , that two or three , gathered together in Christs name have as much power , as Peter , and all the Apostles ; because Christ , is equally present with these , as with those . Again , Christ hath commanded , that if the offending brother , will not hear the admonition of two or three other brethren , the offended brother should tell the Church , Mat 18.17 . Now the Church , is not the Officers , but the Congregation of the faithful , seeing men are not of the Church through any Office , but only through faith . And by all these things it is evident , That the power of Church-government , that is , the power of acting and ordering all things , among the faithful , belongs to every faithful man alike , in the Congregation of the faithful . 2. What kinde of power this is , which the true Church hath . I answer in general , that it is a power sutable to the Church or Kingdom , whereof it is the power : now as the Church we speak of , is that Church , which is born of God , and of the Spirit , and so is not at all of this world ; so the power , that is agreeable to this Church is the power of God , and his Spirit , and not at all of this world ; that is , it is not any civil or secular power ; I may add , nor any Ecclesiastical power ( according to the common understanding it ) that hath any place in the true Church , but meerly a spiritual and heavenly power , without any conjunction or mixture of the other ; seeing Christs power is perfect , and every way sufficient for his own Kingdom , and Christs Kingdom is Gods Kingdom , as well as the Fathers : and so men may as well carry worldly and secular power , into the Fathers Kingdom , as into the Sons , seeing this , is no other then the Kingdom of God , though it be among men , and no other then the Kingdom of Heaven , though it be upon earth ; which hath not been understood nor considered by them , who have been so busie to being secular power into a spiritual Kingdom , as if Christs own power , in his own Kingdom , were either weak or imperfect . More particularly , this true power , of the true Church , is ( as I said ) Christs power in the faithful , which is , the self-same with Christs power in himself ; and so , 1. It is not a power of violence , but a power of influence , even such a power as the Head hath over the members , and the soul over the body ; it is not a coercive , but a perswasive power , a power that makes men willing that are not willing , and doth not force the unwilling , against their wils . 2. This power is humble , and not proud , as worldly power is ; for the power of the world , sets men over others , but the power of the Church , sets men under others ; I ( saith Christ of himself ) am among you as one that serves : and again , He that will be the chief among you , let him be the servant of all . 3. This power , is for edification , and not for destruction ; as Paul acknowledges , again and again , that the power the Lord gave him , was this , and no other power , viz. not to cast men out of their native Kingdoms , but to translate them into Gods Kingdom ; not to take away their outward Liberties or Estates , but to bring them into the Liberty and Inheritance of the Saints ; to bring men to eternal life , and not to destroy men , by temporal death . 4. This power , seeks the good of others , more then its own , yea good of others , with the neglect of its own : So Moses was not busie , to have a most rebellious people , blotted out of the Book of life , but rather desired , his own name might be blotted out of that book , that ( if it had been the will of God ) theirs might have been written in . And Paul desired that himself might be separated from Christ , that his brethren and kinsmen after the flesh , might have been united to him . And if this power seek the good of others after this high rate , even to the neglecting , as it were , and laying aside their own eternal good , how much more to the neglecting and laying aside their temporal good , their worldly profits , advantages and dignities ? 5. This power , doth not make others suffer , to enlarge the Church , but suffers it self , to bring this about ; So Christ , as Wickliff saith , through his poverty , humility and suffering injury and death , got unto him , the children of his Kingdom , and not by force ; and the Martyrs enlarged the Church of Christ by dying themselves , and not by causing others to die ; the blood of the Martyrs , being the seed of the Church . 6. This power , only acts to a spiritual end , salvation , and only according to spiritual Laws ; but not , to any temporal and worldly ends , according to civil and humane laws . And thus you see , that this true Church power , for the nature and quality of it , both in general , and in particular , differs very much , both from the apprehensions and practise of the most of our Ecclesiastical men . 3. What is the extent of this true Church power ? I answer ; that this power extends it self full as far as the Church , but no further : For what hath the Church to do , with those that are not of the Church ? What have we to do ( saith Paul ) with them that are without ? For Church power , which is spiritual , is no more sutable to the world , then worldly power , which is fleshly , is sutable to the Church . The power of the Church , which is Christs power , onely reaches so far as Christs Kingdom ; that is , the people that are born of God , and his Spirit . True , Church Government reaches as far as Christs and the Spirits effectual influence and operation , but no further ; that is , to all that are willing , but to none that are unwilling . As nothing hath more troubled the Church , then to govern it , and give it Laws after the manner of the world , by secular force and power ; so nothing hath more troubled the world , then to govern it , and give it Laws , after the manner of the Church , by the aforesaid compulsion . Wherefore as the Government of the world is not to be spread over the Church ; so neither is the Government of the Church to be spread over the world : but as the world and the Church are distinct things , in themselves , so they are to be contented with their distinct Governments . 4. What is the outward instrument of this power ? I answer , The word only , which is the only scepter and sword of Christs Kingdom , to govern his people , and subdue his enemies . Christ himself the Head of the Church , used no other instrument to govern his people by , but the word or the preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom , and declaring what he had heard from his Father ; and at his departure out of the world , he told them , That as his Father had sent him , so did he send them , and no otherwise ; that is , to do all in the Church by the power of the word , and nothing by the power of the world . And so , the true Church doth all in it self only by the Gospel ; by the Gospel it bindeth and looseth ; by the Gospel , it remits and retains sin ; by the Gospel , it quickens to life , and wounds to death ; by the Gospel , it receives in , and casts out ; by the Gospel , it works faith , renues the life , acts , orders , guides and governs all things ; and that Church that hath another scepter and sword besides the word , that hath orders , and constitutions of men , to govern by , and plurality of votes in Classical , Provincial and National Assemblies to binde and loose by ; that have their own Laws and Orders to be their Scepter , and the Authority of the Magistrate to be their Sword in their Kingdom ; I say , if these be the ways and instruments of their Governments , assuredly the Church they boast of , is another Church then Christs , and is no other in very deed , but a Kingdom of sin and darkness , and death ; and when its form of godliness , which it hath put on to deceive , shall after a few years vanish away , it shall return into the shape of its first beginning . And therefore let us know , whatever rules , orders , or humane inventions , men do study and devise to govern their Churches by , the true Church of Christ shall ever be known by the scepter and sword of the onely Gospel preached in it , which is fully sufficient for the regiment of the Church ; else Christ were an imperfect Law-giver : And all those that do affirm , that the votes , determinations , rules and constitutions of Councels , are better for the well ordering and governing the Church , then the pure and naked word of the Gospel , by the ministration of the Spirit , in my judgement they speak blasphemously . Let us now hear what Luther saith to this purpose ; Christians ( saith he ) ought to be governed by that word , and no other , whereby they are made Christians , that is , free from sin ; and this is , only by the pure Gospel of God , without the addition of Councels , Doctors , Fathers . For what is it to govern Christians by that word , which though they keep , yet neither do they become Christians , nor continue such ? nay , they cease to be Christians , and lose Christ. And of this sort is every word besides the Gospel : and salvation reigns in us , not by the laws of men , but by the power of Christ. Farther , they that are not Christians , are to be restrained other ways , then by the traditions of men ; for these are to be let alone ; and as Paul saith . We are not to mingle with them . There is the secular sword , there is the Magistrate for these , and it belongs to him to restrain those that are evil , from evil deeds , by the power of the sword . But the Bishop , or Overseer , governs Christians without the sword , only by the Word of God ; seeing it is certain , they are not Christians , except they be spontaneously good ; and such they are made by the force of the spirit of faith ; as Paul saith , Rom. 8. As many as are led by the Spirit of God , they are the children of God. What madness then is it to urge them that are willingly good , with the Laws of the evil ? And yet , saith he ; There are not a few light and vain men , that think that the business of the Gospel , is to be promoted with weapons and cuffes . And the same Luther , in his Epistle to the Christians , and Preachers of Erphurd , saith , Consider in your minde , with what sword , I subdued the Papacy , and the whole state of religious men , who before were dreadful to all ; of whom it was said , Who shall fight with the Beast , that hath power to make war with the Saints , and to overcome them ? And yet ( saith he ) I never touched them with so much as one of my fingers ; but Christ destroyed and overthrew all that detestable Kingdom , by discovering their iniquities , by the Spirit of his mouth , that is , by the Word of the Gospel . In which passages of his ( besides what is spoken before ) it is apparent , that there is no other instrument of the true Churches power , but the word of the Gospel , which is the only scepter and sword of Christs Kingdom . 5. What the true Church can do by vertue of this power . Now the true Church by the power it hath received from Christ , can , 1. Gather it self together , when , and as often as it pleaseth . The company of Believers have power to gather themselves together for their mutual good , instruction , preservation , edification , and for the avoiding or preventing of evil , and that without the consent or authority of any extrinsecal and forraign power whatever ; else Christ were not a sufficient founder of his Church . And if every free Society , not subjected to tyranny , hath power in it self to congregate and come together , as conveniency and necessity shall require ; as is evident in all civil Corporations , and in all Fraternities and meetings of love ; much more hath the Church of Christ , which is the freest Society in the world , power to meet together into a communion of Saints , though it be without and against the consent and authority , of the powers of the world . And thus the Disciples , immediately after Christs resurrection , though the People and Rulers were wholly set against them , did often meet together among themselves , though privately , and Christ himself came and stood in the midst of them , and finding them in that way of Communion , said , Peace be unto them : And so by his own presence did both justifie and encourage such meetings . And after , the Apostles , with other Believers , to the number of an hundred and twenty , met together in an upper room , to pray , and to choose an Apostle in the stead of Iudas , Act. 1. And at the day of Pentecost they all met again , Act. 2. Though the Elders of the Church , and Rulers of the state , were utterly against their meetings . And again , Act. 4. Peter and Iohn , after the threatnings of the Rulers and the Iews , went and met with their own company , which was now mightily encreased by the Ministery of the Gospel , and declared to them all things that God had done by them , and the Rulers had done against them ; whereupon all of them joyned together in the praise of God , for the success of the Gospel , against the power of the world . And again , Act. 6. the Church of its own accord met together to chuse seven Deacons ; And a multitude of other instances , might be produced . By all which it appears , that the Church of Believers hath power of it self to appoint its own meetings , as conveniency or necessity shall require for the good of the Church . And therefore none are to presume to deny the Church , this power which it hath received from him , that hath all power in heaven and in earth : Neither ought the true Church to suffer this power to be taken from them , which they have received from so good a hand ; but still to use their own Christian meetings , though the Powers of the world never so much oppose them , as the Apostles and Believers in their time began , and as Believers after , for 300 years continued , notwithstanding the barbarous cruelties of the persecuting Emperours . 2. As the Church of the faithful , hath power from Christ to meet together ; so , secondly , to appoint its own outward orders : For the Church whilst it dwels in flesh and bloud , uses some external Rites , by which it is neither sanctified in soul or body ; but they are things meerly of outward Order and decency : And these things each Church or Communion of Saints may order by it self , according to the wisedom of the Spirit ; so it observe these Rules . 1. That they do all things in love , seeing all Laws without love are tyranny ; and so whatsoever is not from , and for love , is not to be appointed ; and if it be , it is again to be abolished ; seeing no Text of the Scripture it self , if it build not up love , is rightly interpreted . 2 They are to do all things for peace , and all outward Orders in the Church , must be to procure , and to preserve Peace among the faithful , and not to break it . They are most unhappy and pernicious Orders , that do not only offend a few of Christs little ones , ( which it self is a sad thing ) but do grieve , disquiet and prejudice the peace of the generality of the faithful . 3. They must do all things after the wisdom of the Spirit , and not after the manner of the world : seeing the Church is not to be ordered according to the manner of the world , but rather against it ; as the Apostle saith , Be not conformed to this world . 4. They must appoint nothing as of necessity : For there is no more pestilent doctrine in the Church , then to make those things necessary , which are not necessary : For thus the liberty of faith is extinguished , and the consciences of men are ensnared . We doubt not but Believers may order any outward things for their own good , so they do not impose them necessarily on any ; as if the observing of them were righteousness , and the omission of them sin . And so the Church after all its Orders , it is to leave indifferent things as it found them ; that is , free , and at the liberty of the faithful , to observe , or not observe , as they shall see cause , or judge convenient . For all these kinde of things are indifferent in their own nature ; and God regards no more the manner , and form , and time , and circumstances of spiritual duties , then the manner , and form , &c. of our eating , and drinking , and working , and marrying , and trading ; for all which , it is sufficient , if they be done in Christian wisdom and discretion , without being tied necessarily , to a set and unchangeable form . 5. They may perswade their Orders ( if they see cause ) by the spirit of love and meekness , but must not enforce them , upon pain of secular punishment , or Church censure ; as those use to do , that make themselves Lords and Tyrants in the Church . For these outward things the Church can order , onely for the willing , but not for the unwilling . And so , if some Believers shall think good , upon just grounds , to do otherwise in these outward things , then the generality of the Church , yet ought the Church to be so far from censuring them , that it is to entertain Communion with them notwithstanding any such differences . For when Christians are knit to Christ , by faith , and do receive and walk in his Spirit , all other things are indifferent to them , to do , or not to do ; to use , or not to use , at their own freedom And Christ onely being sufficient for all his ; whatever is besides Christ , is a perishing thing ; and so is so far from being to be imposed , that in it self it is not to be valued . Now if the Church do appoint any outward Orders , these rules it is to observe ; yea , the spiritual Church doth always observe them and never made rules in it self , upon other terms , then are here set down . But on the contrary , the carnal Church , or Churches of men , they especially trouble themselves about these outward things ; and of these they make Laws , and Constitutions , yea , sin and righteousness ; and by these things they judge the Church , and the members of Christ : In such sort , that they that will submit to their Rules and impositions , shall be the Church of Christ ; but they that will not , shall be reckoned Hereticks and Schismaticks . And hereby they declare , that they are fallen from the power of godliness , to the form , and from the substance of Religion , to the circumstances ; inasmuch as they advance empty forms and shadows , in the place of righteousness , and peace , and joy in the holy Spirit . And to these we may say , with Peter , Why tempt ye God , in putting such a yoak upon the Disciples and Members of Christ ? And though this kinde of Church , will with these things still be troubling us , and biting us by the heel , yet in the power and prerogative of the seed of the Woman , we will , by degrees , bruise its head , till at last we break it quite in pieces , Now one thing more I shall adde , touching the Churches power to appoint its own Orders , as conceiving it very necessary to be known ; and that is this : That the true Church hath power to appoint these outward Orders , not for it self onely , but also for its Officers ( which also are part of it self ) and it is not to suffer its Officers to frame or impose such on it . For the Church is not the Officers , but the Officers are the Churches ; as Paul hath taught us , saying to the Church , All things are yours , whether Paul , or Apollos , or Cephas . And so the Officers are the Churches , and are to be ordered by it , in these things , but are not to order it . And if the Officers of the Church , forgetting that they are servants , shall presume by themselves to order outward things for the Church , without the Church , as now is done ; the Church still remains above the Officers , and hath power to interpret , change , or wholly take away all those things , as it sees occasion : to wit , so far as they are a stumbling block to the weak , and a grief to the strong , and tend to work division among the faithful . Presumptuous Officers are they , and know not where Christ hath set them , who instead of being ordered by the Church , go about to order it , and make themselves the Lords of the Church , being but the servants of it . 3. The true Church hath power to chuse its Officers , and if there be cause , to reform them , or depose them . The Church hath power to chuse its own Officers . True indeed it is , that as in the natural , so in the spiritual body , every member is in office ; and that the Ministry of the New Testament , being the Ministration of the Spirit , is common to all that have received the Spirit . Wherefore , if every Believer , hath received the Spirit to profit withall , and hath power and priviledge , as opportunity serves , and necessity requires , to speak the word , that the power and vertue of Christ may be declared through them all : there is no doubt , but any Community of Christians may , by a common consent , chuse one or mo , to speak to all , in the name of all . Agreeable to this is that of Paul , 2 Tim. 2.2 . where he commands , That the office of teaching be committed to faithful men , who are able to teach others . Where the Apostle , contemning all superfluous ceremonies and pomp of ordaining , onely seeks , that the Ministers may be fit and able to teach , and without any more ado , commits the Ministry of the word unto them . More particularly in this matter we shall require after these three things , 1. What Officers are to be chosen ? 2. Out of whom they are to be chosen ? And , 3. By whom they are to be chosen ? For the first , What Officers are to be chosen ? Paul teaches us this , saying , They must be faithful men , apt and able to teach others . For as among natural men in the world , they that have most natural power and abilities , are fittest to be the Officers : so among spiritual men in the Church , they are fittest to be the Officers , that have most spiritual power , that is , such in whom Christ and the Spirit are most manifest ; and of this , the faithful of all sorts are Iudges . Wherefore no natural parts and abilities ; nor no humane learning , and degrees in the Schools , or Vniversities ; nor no Ecclesiastical Ordination , or Orders , are to be reckoned sufficient to make any man a Minister , but only the teaching of God , and gifts received of Christ , by the Spirit , for the work of the Ministry , which the faithful are able to discern and judge of . 2 Out of whom these Officers are to be chosen ? And that is , out of the flock of Christ , and nowhere else . Indeed Antichrist bringing in humane learning , instead of the Spirit , chose his Ministers onely out of the Vniversities : but the right Church chuses them out of the faithful ; seeing it reckons no man learned , and so fit to speak in the Church , but he that hath heard and learned from the Father . Moreover it is plain , that as natural power is founded on a natural gift , and he must needs be a man , that is capable of humane power ; so supernatural power is founded on a supernatural gift , and he must needs be a Believer , that is capable of this spiritual power : And so a man must needs first be of the Church , ere he can have any power or office in it . Wherefore all unbelievers and carnal men are so far from having any power in the true Church , that they have no place in it ; and are so far from being Officers , that they are not members : For they that neither have , nor know spiritual power themselves , how can they exercise it among others ? 3. By whom they are to be chosen ? And that is , by the Congregation , or Community of Believers : For if every free Society hath power to chuse its own Officers , much more hath the true Church this power ; being ( as is said ) the freest Society under heaven . And so the true Church is not to have Officers thrust over them by others , but is to chuse them its self . If any object against this , that Paul commanded Timothy and Titus to appoint Elders ; and that Paul and Barnabas , Act. 14.23 . did chuse Elders in every Church with prayer and fasting . And therefore it may seem , that the Congregation hath not power to chuse its own Ministers , but that some chief Ministers must appoint other Ministers in each Congregation . To this I answer : That if there were any Ministers among us , that did hold the place of the Apostles , living and acting evidently in the vertues of Christ , and in the knowledge and power of the Spirit , I would not doubt to allow them as much authority , in ordaining Ministers , as Paul and Barnabas , or any of the other Apostles had : But since it is very evident , that very few of these have the Spirit of the LORD upon them : how should they have Authority to appoint Ministers , who cannot themselves be reckoned Believers , or spiritual ? But secondly , If they were true Ministers , through the anointing of the Spirit , yet could they not appoint Ministers in other Congregations , without their own consent and approbation , but those whom the whole Church chuses , they are to commend to God by prayer ; and if they should refuse to do this , yet he who is chosen by the Church , is sufficiently its Minister , through the Churches choice alone . Neither did Paul , or Barnabas , or Timothy or Titus , appoint any Minister , by their own single Authority , without the consent of the Church ; as may appear by those Scriptures , 1 Tim. 3. and Titus 1. where Paul saith , The Overseers , or Elders , as also the Deacons , or Ministers , should be blameless and unreproveable . Now neither Timothy , nor Titus , knew of themselves who were blameless in those places , but onely received the Testimony of the Church , which chose them to that office . Further we see , Act. 6. that the Twelve Apostles together , did not , by themselves , appoint any to a lower office , to wit , to be Deacons , without the Churches own choice of them : But say the Twelve to the multitude of the Disciples , Look ye out among your selves seven men of honest report , full of the holy Spirit , and wisedom , whom we may appoint over this business . And those whom the Church chose , the Apostles confirmed . Wherefore if it were not lawful for the Apostles , at their own pleasure , to appoint men to minister so much as alms to the necessities of the poor , without the choice and consent of the Church ; much less was it lawful for them to appoint any , among Believers , to the hard and difficult work of the Ministry , without their own choice and approbation . By all which it is clear , that the Congregations of the faithful have power in themselves , according to the doctrine of the Gospel , to chuse their own Ministers . And therefore seeing the true Church of God cannot possibly be without the word , seeing it is born , and nourished , and encreased , and strengthened , and preserved , and comforted , and perfected by it : And seeing the generality of the Clergy of these times , are ignorant of the mystery of the Gospel , and destitute of the Spirit ; it must come to pass , that either the Church must perish for want of the word , or else ( according to what we have heard ) Believers must meet together , as they can conveniently , up and down the Kingdom ; and such Meetings must chuse one or mo fit persons , from among themselves , to be their Elders in the Lord , and then by prayer to commend them to the work of the Ministry , and so to acknowledge them for their Pastors . And there is no doubt , but what Believers met together in the name of Christ , do in this matter , it is done through the working and approving of God himself . And besides this way , I see no other , how ( in this great defection of the Clergy ) the Church may have the true word of God restored to their meetings and assemblies again . Now this thing that is so directly cross to the way and working of Antichrist , for many Ages together , and is so opposite to Fathers , Schoolmen , Councels , Doctors , Antiquity , Custom , and the general practice of the Kingdom , cannot be hoped to be accomplished at once , but by degrees , as the lightnings of the Gospel shall enlighten the world , and the Spirit shall be poured forth . And therefore in this matter , let some begin , and the rest follow , as this practice shall be cleared up to them from the Scriptures . For none are to be forced in this matter ( if Authority should entertain this truth ) but the Spirit is to be allowed its own liberty , to blow , when and where , and on whom he listeth . Neither ought this to trouble any , if all do not presently agree with them ; it is sufficient , if at first a few begin , whom others may follow afterwards , as God shall perswade them . Now as the Church hath power to chuse its Officers ; so if they prove evil , it hath power , either , 1. To reform them . Or , 2. To depose them . 1. It hath power to reform them , if so be that they may be brought to repentance and amendment : Yea , as all the evils of the Church do commonly first flow from the Officers , so the reformation of it is first to begin with them . And who shall reform the Officers of the Church but the Church it self ? Seeing the Officers will be sure to tolerate one another in their Vn-Gospel and Vn Christian courses , against the life of Christ , and true practice of the word , because it is their own case . Wherefore seeing the Generality of the present Clergy , are arrived to this height of evil that they will not be contented to be servants , but will needs make themselves Lords over Christs Flock , plotting and striving to procure and maintain their Ecclesiastical state by secular power , seeing they have left off to preach Christ , and the Gospel , and onely preach of state-affairs , raging and railing against the most just and necessary proceedings of the Supream Authority of the Kingdom , as not sutable to their designs ; seeing they are daily depraving the sayings and writings of men more righteous then themselves ; yea , and dare cast a veil of their fals Expositions over the very Scriptures , to darken them , and make them as Sack-cloth to the world , that the glory of the Father , and the minde of Christ , might ( if it were possible ) be wholly obscured ; yea , seeing they are become so vile , that they had rather Christ himself , with his Gospel , and true Church , should all perish , then that they should suffer the least diminution of their power , dignity , riches , dominion and tyranny : What remains , but that the Societies of Christians should meet together to reform these evil Officers ? And whereas they are now met to reform the Church , it is far more necessary , and would be far more profitable , for the Congregations of the faithful , to meet together to reform them , if yet they be capable of reformation ; which I confess is much to be doubted , seeing they sin against so clear a light . 2. If the Officers of the Church prove incorrigible , the Church hath power to depose them , seeing they have no indelible character , whatever the Romish Church affirms . Wherefore as the true Church hath power to chuse its Ministers , and to continue them , as long as they remain faithful in their work ; so also it hath power to remove them , if they forsake the truth and power of the Gospel . For as in civil Societies , not subjected to tyranny , Officers that prove evil , are moveable by them that made them ; so likewise the Church hath power to remove , if it see cause , this spiritual Officer ; yea , the spiritual Officer is so much the more moveable then the civil , by how much the more he is intolerable , if he be unfaithful : for the civil Officer can onely hurt in the things of this life , but the spiritual in the things of eternal life . Wherefore the Church hath the greatest necessity to remove him , and chuse another ; seeing this salt , when it hath lost its savour , is good for nothing , but to be cast upon the dunghil . And to this , worthy Mr Tindal , a blessed Martyr , witnesses , saying , If they ( that is , the Ministers ) err from the word , then may whosoever God moveth his heart , play Paul , and correct him ; and if he will not obey the Scripture , then have his brethren Authority by the Scripture , to put him down , and send him out of Christs Church , among the Hereticks , which prefer their false doctrines above the true word of Christ. 4. The true Church hath power to call its Councels . If the Church of the faithful stand in need of a Councel , it may call one , if it pleaseth , and it hath power so to do : and the Councel is not to call and appoint the Church as is now done , but the Church is to call and appoint the Councel ; and the Councel is to have its Authority from the Church , and not the Church from it . And for the world , it can no more call the Councels of the Church , then the Church can call the Councels of the world ; the Councels of the Church and the world , being as distinct , as the Church and the world themselves are . Now I said , The Church , if it need a Councel , may call one ; because the Church of Believers now seldom needs a Councel , seeing all things are so clear in the word of God , with which the faithful are so well acquainted . There are many other causes why the right Church may very well be without Councels ; As , 1. Because Councels , as the manner was , were either called or congregated by the Pope , a meer Vsurper in the Church ; or by secular and worldly Princes , who advanced themselves to the same power in the Church , though upon another account . And according to their ends and designs , Councels for the most part , have been guided and pointed . 2. Because they have , for the most part , been made up of Bishops and Ecclesiastical men , who have onely sought the interest and advantage of the Clergie , to the prejudice of the body of Christianity ; by which means they have set up their own Kingdom and tyranny over all other Christians . 3. Because , being gathered and met , they have especially medled with outward rites and Ceremonies ; and touching these , have made binding and coercive laws , to the overthrow of Christian liberty , and the ensnaring and enslaving mens consciences . 4. Because if they have medled with Doctrine , they have rather perverted and obscured the clear word of the Gospel , then truly explicated and unfolded it . 5. Wherein they have done well , yet this evil hath always gone along with it , that they have made People rather look to men then unto God , and that in the very things of God ; and to take divine things from them , by a humane faith , rather then from God himself , and his immedia●e word , according to the faith of Gods Elect : and so have given forth themselves in their opinions and judgements , as a foundation to the Church , in the stead of Iesus Christ. 6. Because , they always determine the things of God , by the plurality of Votes , and do not weigh but number the suffrages , and so the greater part , still overcomes the better ; and the many that are called , carry the Vote against the few that are chosen ; Whereby it comes to pass that the truth is subdued , and error is established , by a plausible Authority . 7. Because such Councels , commonly ●ttribute to themselves , infallibility ; and so , set themselves up , as a peremptory rule , by which the whole Church , must walk , and none must presume to say to them cur ita facitis ? why do ye so ? though they do never so ill . They say , they cannot be judged , by any other Christians , because they are subject to none , bu● all other Christians are subject to them , and are to be judged by them : They say , they may pronounce all other Schismaticks , and Hereticks , but no body must pronounce them so , though they be so . And after they have once drunk of this cup of abomination , what hope can there be , that any thing hereafter , should be done right among them ? 8. And lastly , because after so many Councels , things have not been the better , but the worse in the Church , through their means : for it is not dead laws and orders , wrtten by men , will do the true Church any good ; but the living law of God , written in their hearts , by the Spirit , as God hath promised to do , saying , I will write my law in their hearts , and put in it their inward parts . For as the law of sin hath been written in our natures , to corrupt us ; so the law of the Spirit of life , must be written also in our natures to reform us . Wherefore , after all their Decrees , Laws , Rules , Orders &c. the Church commonly hath been so far from being bettered , that it hath become more ignorant of the Word , superstitious , formal , prophane then before . All these things being seriously considered , the Church may very well want Councels . Now if any shall say . Yea , but had not the Church a Councel in the Apostles times , as we see Act. 15 ? and did not they order and decree matters in the Church ? I answer , the Church had a Councel then , but far differing from the Councels now adaies ; for , 1. That Councel was not called , nor packed together by secular power , but freely met together , by the general consent of the Church of the faithful : For by the Believers at Antioch , it was agreed , that Paul and Barnabas should go to the Apostles and Elders at Ierusalem , about the matters in controversie . 2. This Councel did not consist only of the Apostles and Elders , but of the brethren also , and whole Church ; and the whole Church , as well as the Apostles and Elders , did agree and order what was done in that matter . 3. That free Councel , consisting of the Apostles , Elders and Brethren , did not determine any thing by their meer power and authority , but debated the business by the word & by the word concluded it : And so it was not the Authority of the Councel did any thing , but the Authority of the Word , that did all in that matter ; as you may see in the fore named place . And in these regards that Councel differs from ours . Now if notwithstanding all this , the Church upon some occasions , desire a Councel ( for herein ( as in all other outward things ) it is free ) it must minde these things . 1. That it hath power it self to call one , as the Primitive Church had . And what men can object against this , of worldly Princes calling them ; let them not say , what they did , but what they ought to have done . 2. As the Church it self is to chuse its Councel , so it is to chuse it , out of its self ; For the Councels of the Church are to be chosen out of the Church , and not of the world ; out of the faithful , and not out of unbelievers . For the natural man that neither knows nor savours the things that be of God , can be of no use here ; but he must be able to know the word of God from the doctrines of men and to separate the precious from the vile , that is employed in this matter . And so the natural , carnal and litteral man must be declined here , where the things are wholly spiritual and divine ; and the spiritual man onely , who speaks spiritual things by a spiritual rule , must be heard and regarded ; and so a man must first be of the Church , ere he can be of the Councel . 3. As the Church is to chuse men out of it self , for its Councel , so likewise it is to chuse brethren , as well as Elders ; and Ecclesiastical men are not to meddle alone in the matters of the Church , and to thrust out other Christians , as if they were necessarily to be concluded in , and by them . 4. In chusing Elders and Brethren to this work , great care is to be had , that they chuse not men of worldly power or place , lest worldly power , and Authority , and honour , might seem to bear sway in the things of the Kingdom of God : but they are rather to make choyce of men destitute of these things , that it may appear , whatever they do , is done only by the clear evidence of the word , and influence of the spirit , and so onely by the law of love , all secular power and force being excluded . 5. The Church hath power to judge of all Doctrines , and that both of its Officers and Councels . The Clergie and Ecclesiastical men have been wont to challenge to themselves the knowledge and judgement of Doctrines , and have excluded ordinary Christians from it ; whereas in truth , the judgement of doctrine belongeth to the people , and not to the Ministers . And all Christs Sheep have power to judge of the doctrine the Ministers teach , whether it be Christs Voyce , or a Strangers , Iohn 10. and Christ commanded them to take heed of false Prophets , which come to them in sheeps cloathing , being inwardly ravening wolves , Mat. 7. And the Apostle commands them , to try the spirits , whether they be of God : and hath said , Let one or two speak , and the rest judge , 1 Cor. 14. &c. by which , with many other Scriptures it is evident , That Ministers are not to judge of doctrine for the People ; but the People are to judge of the doctrine of the Ministers , and according as they find it to be of God , or not of God , to receive it , or reject it . For every one is to be saved by his own faith , and not by another mans ; and so is to take heed how he hear the things of faith at his own peril ; and he is not ( if he will be wise to salvation ) to take up things on trust , in a matter that concerns , either his eternal life , or eternal death . 2. As the Church is to judge of the Doctrine of its Officers , so also of its Councels : For the Church judges of them , and their doctrine also by the word , and doth not take all , that they determine for truth , to be certain and unquestionable : Yea , in the first Councel of the Apostles , Act. 15. Other Churches and Christians had both liberty and power , to try both the doctrine and Spirit of the very Apostles , in that matter , and were not to swallow it down whole , as they say , because the Apostles had determined it , and they were holy men ; but the faithful were to judge , whether or no , they had judged according to the word , and if not , they might have resisted them , as Paul did Peter . And Paul gives this liberty to Christians ; yea , we have it from Christ himself , whether Paul had allowed it or no , to try the very Apostles themselves , and the very Angels of Heaven , whether they bring the right word or no : for Christ , commanded the Apostles , to teach the Nations , to observe and do , whatsoever he had commanded them , and nothing else ; and saith Paul , If I , or an Angel from heaven , bring you any other doctrine , let him be accursed . So that the Church hath power , to examine , try and judge , the doctrine of the Apostles and Angels , much more of other men , who have not received such an anoynting , neither do live in so clear a light of God. And thus I have declared , the things , which seemed to me both convenient and necessary , for the true Church to know , for the preserving of that peace among themselves , which they have in Christ. Now as the judgement of the Church , is to be rectified in these things ; so the practice of it , is to be rectified , in other things , for the preserving it in peace . The things wherein the practice of the Church , is to be rectified in the Way of Peace , are either , 1. More absolute and general . Or , 2. More special and occasional , in case of difference among the faithful . Among the things that are more absolute and general , which are to be done , to procure and preserve the peace of the Church : these nine things , that follow , have not the least place . 1. Practical Rule for Peace . 1. The true Church is to preserve it self distinct from the world : and is neither to mingle it self with the world , nor to suffer the world to mingle it self with it . For if the Church and the world , be mingled together in one Society , the same common Laws , will no more agree to them , who are of such differrent natures , principles and ends , then the same common Laws , will agree , to light and darkness , life and death , sin and righteousness , flesh and spirit . For the true Church are a spiritual people , being born of God and so they worship God in the Spirit , according to the law of the Spirit of life , that was in Christ , and is in them : but the carnal Church , is of the world , and only savours the world , and so will have a worldly Religion , Forms , Orders , Government , and all worldly as it self is . Now whilst these two are mingled together , what peace can there be ? for what fellowship hath righteousnesness with unrighteousness , and light with darkness , and Christ with the Devil ? And so what agreement have Believers with unbelievers , or the true Church with the world ? Wherefore it is not the way of Peace , to mingle the Church and the world , but to separate them , and to keep them distinct ; that those that are of one nature and spirit , may be of one communion among themselves : and this way of Peace God himself teacheth us by Paul , 2 Cor. 6.17 . saying Come out from among them my people , and be ye separate : for to separate the Church from the world in its communion of Saints , is the only way to preserve peace in both ; seeing the Church will best agree with it self , and the world with it self . The second Rule . 2. The Church being thus distinct from the world , is to be contended with its own power , for its own affairs ; and is not to introduce , or entertain any power in it , that is not of it . Wherefore , the true Church , being such a Kingdom as is not of this world , stands in need of no worldly power ; and being a spiritual and heavenly Kingdom , is only to have and exercise a spiritual and heavenly power ; seeing this power alone , and by it self is able to accomplish the whole good pleasure of God in the Church , and to work all the works in it , that God hath to do . And so , it is strongly to be suspected , that those men , that dare not commit the success of their business to Christs power alone , but will call in secular power , over and above , to help them : I say , it is more then probable , that they have underneath some secular end , seeing Christs power alone is fully sufficient to do all things that are necessary and profitable for his Kingdom . Besides , this worldly power never works peace , but always disturbances in the Church , putting all things out of Gods way and method , into mans , and working mans will rather then Gods ; yea , mans will against Gods ; and it is wholly contrary to the very nature of the Church ; and how then can it agree with it in any thing ? If any shall reply , that worldly power doth well in the Church , because it keeps down many profane persons that would not be kept down by the word . I answer ; That so far as such profane ones are governed by worldly power , they are of the world , and not of the Church ; and worldly power had better govern them in the world , it s own proper sphear , then in the Church , which is beyond their line ; especially seeing the Church hath power enough in it self , to govern those that are of it ; and they that will not be governed willingly in the Church , as Christians , let them be governed against their wils , in the Commonwealth , as men . For the Government of the Church is over men , as Christians , as spiritual ; but the government of the state is over men , as men , as natural and carnal . The first of these governments belongs to Christ , and the latter to the Magistrate ; And if the Magistrate be faithful in his Office and headship , there is no doubt to be made of Christs faithfulness in his . But now , if the Magistrate will not content himself with his own Kingdom and power , but will needs intrude on Christs also ; and not reckoning it enough to govern men , as men by his worldly power , will also by the same power , be tampering with the very Church : this both renders him troublesome to the faithful , and the faithful troublesome to him : Him troublesome to the faithful , in that he uses a power over them , that is neither sutable to them , nor their affairs ; and them troublesome to him , because in Gods Kingdom , as they hear not the voice , so neither do they obey the command of a stranger The Pope he arrogates both swords to himself , when neither belongs to him , and therefore in due time shall perish by both , and if the Magistrate shal assume to himself power of both Kingdoms , Christs , and the Worlds , when of right but one belongs to him , to wit , the Worlds , and not Christs ; it will be very dangerous , lest by encroaching on Christs Kingdom , he lose his own . Let the Magistrate therefore use his power in the state , and let him suffer Christ to use his power in the Church , seeing his presence is alwayes there ; and then there will be quietness in both , but else in neither ; seeing Christ will as assuredly trouble the Magistrates Kingdom , as the Magistrate trouble his . The third Rule , is , Not to bring or force men into the Church , against their wills . The Kingdoms of the world are unquiet , because many that are unwilling , are under those Regiments ; but Christs Kingdom is therefore quiet , because all the people in it are willing ; and none of them are forced in , but all are perswaded in , as it is written , God perswade Japhet to dwell in the tents of Shem : That is , the Gentiles were to be perswaded , and not forced into the Church . And so Christ commanded his Disciples to go and teach all Nations , and not to offer them outward violence ; and to perswade peace , but not to threaten or enforce it . For such is the nature of the Church , that inward perswasion is required nowhere , more then here . For none may be compelled to the faith against their wils , and God will be loved with the whole heart ; and also hypocrisy is a sin chiefly hated of God. Whereby it comes to pass , that the whole manner of governing the Church must have this scope , that they that are perswaded , may be first called unto it , and after kept in it , upon the same account . And so , the more this manner shall be free from dominion , so much the more fit it is to govern , increase and confirm the Church . And this way onely was used as long as the Apostles lived , and those that succeeded them in the same Spirit ; and that unquestionably for 300 years after : Yea , and when the Church came to be countenanced by worldly authority , yet this same freedom still was allowed ; of which I shall produce a few testimonies . I read , that Constantine the Emperour would have no man enforced to be of one religion more then another . Also the same Constantine , in his Epistle to his Subjects inhabiting the East , saith , Let no man be grievous one to another : but what every man thinketh BEST , that let him DO . For such as are wise , ought thorowly to be perswaded , that they onely mean to live holily , as they should do , whom the Spirit of God moveth to take their delight and recreation in reading his holy will ; And if others wilfully will go out of the way , cleaving to the Synagogues of false Doctrine , they may at their own perill . As for us , we have the worthy House of Congregation of Gods verity , which he , according to his own goodness and nature , hath given us . And this also we wish to them , that with like participation and common content , they may feel , with us , the same delectation of minde . And after , Let no man hurt , or be prejudiciall to his neighbour , in that wherein he thinketh himself to have done well . If by that which any man knoweth , or hath experience of , he thinketh he may profit his neighbour , let him do the same ; if not , let him give over , and remit it till another time . For there is a great diversity between the willing and voluntary embracing of Religion , and that whereunto a man is forced and constrained . I read also that Ethelbert King of Kent , Being converted to the faith , ann . 586. after his conversion , innumerable others dayly did come in , and were converted to the faith of Christ , whom the King did especially embrace , but COMPELLED NONE ; for so he had learned , THAT THE FAITH AND SERVICE OF CHRIST OUGHT TO BE VOLUNTARY , AND NOT COACTED . The Church then , at first , consisted onely of the willing , and such as were perswaded unto it by the word , till Antichrist began to prevail , and then they fell from perswading to forcing ; and they no longer went about to make men willing , by the word , but to get power from the Kings of the earth , to force them against their wils . And this main piece of the mystery of iniquity , was perfectly brought forth by Boniface the third , who was the first that used these words in the Church , Volumus , mandamus , statuimus , ac praecipimus , We will , we require , we appoint , we command : which is not the voice of the true Ministers of Christ , but the true voice of theeves and murderers . And from that time the peace of the Church decayed apace , when there were moe unwilling forced unto it , then willing perswaded . And true peace will never be restored to it again , till men shall abandon the power of force , and onely use the perswasion of the word , that the Church may consist onely of a willing people . The fourth Rule , is To make void the distinction of Clergy and Laity among Christians ; For the Clergy or Ecclesiastical men have all along , under the reign of Antichrist , distinguished themselves from other Christians , whom they called the Laity ; and have made up a distinct or several Kingdom among themselves ; and separated themselves from the Lay in all things ; and called themselves by the name of the Church ; and reckoned other Christians but as common and unclean , in respect of themselves . Whereas in the true Church of Christ there are no distinctions , nor sects , nor difference of persons ; no Clergy , or Laity ; no Ecclesiastical , or Temporal ; but they are all , as Peter describes them , 1 Pet. 2.9 . A chosen generation , a royall Priesthood , a holy Nation , a peculiar people , to shew forth the virtues of him that called them out of darkness into his marvelous light . And so all Christians , through the Baptisme of the Spirit , are made Priests alike unto God ; and every one hath right and power alike , to speak the word ; and so there is among them no Clergy or Laity , but the Ministers are such who are chosen by Christians , from among themselves , to speak the word to all , in the name and right of all ; and they have no right nor authority at all to this office , but by the consent of the Church . And so Presbyters and Bishops , or ( which is all one ) Elders and Overseers in the Church , differ nothing from other Christians , but onely in the office of the word , which is committed to them by the Church ; as an Alderman , or Common Councel man in the City differs nothing from the rest of the Citizens , but only in their Office , which they have not of themselves neither , but by the Cities choice ; or as the Speaker in the House of Commons , differs nothing from the rest of the Commons , but only in his office which he hath also by the choice of the House ; and thus , and no otherwise , doth a Minster differ from other Christians , as Paul saith , Let a man so esteem of us , as of the Ministers of Christ and dispensers of the mysteries of God. But Antichrist , he hath cast out the simplicity of Christian people , and brought Sects into the Church , dividing it into Clergy and Laity : and this distinction , they have made visible by their garments , disguising their Clergy in their habit from other Christians , that they might appear holier then they , and of another order from them . And this distinction , hath proved a Seminary of implacable discord , and heart-burning in the Church ; For hereupon , the Clergy have prefer'● themselves above others Christians , and have exercised authority and coercive power and domination , and very tyranny over them , and have made themselves their Lords , and given them Laws , rules , forms , orders , after their own mindes , and agreeable to their own advantages , and would not so much as suffer them to judge , whether they were agreeable to the word of God or no ; as if other Christians were their Subjects , Slaves , Vassals , yea very dogs . And hence again , the Laity ( as they called them ) have envied and maligned them , and hated and opposed them , and as they could get power , have been subduing them , and have looked upon them , as men of a d●fferent sect and interest from themselves , whose prosperity , was their ruine , and whose power , was their inslaving : and all this was to the making void Christian brotherhood and communion . Wherefore the right Church , to preserve in it the peace of Christ , must admit of no such distinction of Laity and Clergy , but all Christians must equally remain it it , Kings , Priests , and Prophets unto God. The fifth Rule is . To keep equality in the Curch , and that both between Christians and Churches : for this also is an excellent way to preserve peace . 1. To keep equality between Christians . For though according to our first Nativity , whereby we are born of men , there is great inequality , some being born high , some low , some honourable , some mean , some Kings , some Subjects &c. yet according to our new or second birth , whereby we are born of God , there is exact equality ; for here are none better or worse , higher or lower , but all have the same faith , hope , love ; the same God , Christ , Spirit , the same divine nature , the same precious promises ; the same incorruptible Crown , and inheritance of Saints in light . And therefore saith Paul , speaking of this true Church , There is neither Iew nor Greek . nor bond nor free , nor male , nor female , but all are one in Christ Iesus . Indeed in the world , and before men ( I say again ) there is distinction of persons , and inequality ; but in Christs Kingdom , and before God , all Believers aae equal : and this equality preserves peace . But when in this Kingdom , some will be advancing themselves above others , like Diotrephes , that would have the preheminence ; and some will be striving to sit at the right hand , and some at the left , whilst they leave others to sit at the footstool ; this is that which breeds difference among the very Disciples , who envied Zebedees children for such a desire . And therefore Christ , to preserve peace , forbad Lordship in his Church , and commanded service and tells them , that the nature of his Kingdom , is not to place men one over another , but one under another , and that the greatest must be the least ; the greatest in the way of the spirit , must be the least in the way of the flesh . 2. As equality among Christians is to be kept for the preserving of peace , so also among Churches : For all Churches are equal , as well as all Christians ; and there is no Church can set it self before , or above another ; all being sisters of one Mother ; beams , of one Sun ; branches of one Vine ; streams ▪ of one Fountain ; members , of one Body ; branches of one golden Candlestick ; and so all equal in all things . Wherefore there may , and ought to be a consociation of Churches , but no subordination , which makes void at once , both equality and unity . And so that Church , or those Churches that will set themselves above other Churches that are their equals ; as the Classical above the Congregational , &c. they are the breakers of Christian peace and unity ; and the unskilful vote of the Assembly for the subordination of Churches , was not a way to make peace , but to mar peace in the Church of God. Moreover , no Church can be subjected to another , but Christ who is present in it , and is King and Lawgiver , is subjected too ; which no true Church will either require or allow . For if the true Church will not subject the Word of God , which they have received , to any men or Angels , but will judge all by it , and will suffer none to judge it ; much less will they subject Christ the Lord of all , to any other power or authority ; for so they should dishonor and disanul their Head. Where two or three are met in Christs name , Christ himself is among them , and the Head of them ; and so they can submit to no body else , seeing Christ hath made no greater , nor surer promise of his presence , to any body then to them . The sixth Rule , is , To keep the Officers of the Church in subordination to the whole Church or community ; and not to suffer them to get head over it : seeing the very nature of ruling the Church , is not Dominion , but Service . We reade , Act. 11.2 . that when Peter had preached in the house of Cornelius , a Gentile or Heathen , the Church of the circumcision , to whom Peter was Minister , contended with him , that he went in to men uncircumcised , and did eate with them ( for as yet they knew not that the Gentiles were to be called ) And Peter wa● fain to give an account to them of the whole matter , and to shew them , that he was warned of God in a Vision , to do so , &c. And this was a sign , that Peter was a servant of the Church , and in subordination to it , and no Lord over it . And after , vers . 22. when the Church at Ierusalem heard , that the Grecians at Antioch had received the Gospel , they sent Barnabas to Antioch to forward and perfect the Work. And also the Church at Antioch sent forth Paul and Barnabas , to the work of the Ministry in divers Towns and Countries . All which are an evident sign , that the Church was above the Officers , and not the Officers above the Church . Now this also will preserve peace in the Church , to keep the Officers in their proper place , and to let them remain as servants in the Church , which Christ hath commanded ; and not to let them grow up to be Lords and Masters , which Christ ( knowing the evil and inconvenience thereof ) hath forbidden . For if the Officers get above the Church , though they be never so good , they are masterful and troublesome ; and though never so bad , yet will they get a party in the Church for themseves , and so work disturbance ; but if the Church remain as it ought , above the Officers , it quits them when they grow evil and unruly , and chooses better in their stead , and so preserves union . Whereas fixed and unmoveable Officers , when they do degenerate , are the causes of all disturbances and confusions , both in Church and State. The seventh Rule , is , For all true Christians and Congregations to take Christ alike for their Head , and not to set up visible heads , or Ring-leaders to themselves , of men ; no not of the best men . For whilst some said , we are of Paul ; others we of Apollos ; others , we of Cephas ; they were all in this matter carnal , and divided , both from Christ , and among themselves ; whilst several , set up several heads , whom they especially owned , and after whom they were called . Whereas each that believed , by the Ministry of Paul , or Apollos , or Cephas , were through the same faith and spirit with them , as neer to Christ as themselves were ; and so were not to set up a fellow member , as a Head , to the division of the body . I say , each believer , and Communion of Saints hath Christ equally for their Head , and so ought not to set up , any outward or visible Head for them to joyn to ; for this is to rend the body in pieces , and to work great division and distraction among the faithful . And therefore I conceive it is a mistake among some brethren , to call the Congregations of Christ , by the names of men , though godly and eminent ; and to say , Mr. such an ones Church , or Mr. such an ones Church ; and so to put the Church under several Heads , which works distinction and division ; whereas they should rather say , the Church of Christ , in such or such a place ; it being , wherever it is , one Church , under one Head and Governor , Iesus Christ. And therefore let us know , that it is part of the mystery of iniquity for the Church , or faithful , to have one or moe visible Head● to go to , not being contented with Christ alone . And though this hath been , and will be , the practice of the carnal Church : yet the spiritual Church and people , do only own , and have recourse to Christ , their true and spiritual Head. And so they all , living as one body , and members one of another , under one onely Head , live all in invincible peace and unity ; whereas difference of outward Heads and Ringleaders , alwayes breeds difference and divisions among Christians . The eighth Rule , is , For the true Church , to keep out all error in Doctrine ; seeing this breeds , not onely division , but confusion and ruine also in the Church . Wherefore the Congregations of Christ must be the more careful and watchful in this matter . When some false Apostles taught at Antioch , that , Except Christians were circumcised after the manner of Moses , they could not be saved ; which was a most dangerous error against Christ , and the Gospel ; the whole Church , first , at Antioch , and presently after , at Ierusalem , met together to keep it out : which accordingly , through God , they did . So that what ever Doctrines are evidently against the Word of truth , and Gospel of our salvation , the Church is to take care to keep them out , as it loves its own peace and unity . Now if any say , By what means may the Church be able to keep out error ? I Answer , It may certainly keep out . Error by these means . 1. Let the Church suffer none to teach among them , that are not themselves taught of God ; though they have never so great natural parts , and never so much humane learning . For , when they are the Teachers that are taught of God , they will only teach the truth , which they have heard and learned from God : And the line of every mans teaching must extend no further . But when they teach , that are not so taught , they will in many things vary from the truth , as it is in Iesus ; yea , and under a form of sound doctrine , will give forth an unsound and false sense , to the deceiving of many that are weak and simple ; and so under pretence of Christ , will utter the voice of a stranger , and endanger the mis-leading of some sheep for a time . 2 Let the faithful examine every thing that is taught by the Word of God , and not receive doctrines upon trust , from their Teachers , who , through the reputation of their learning and holiness , may easily lead them unawares into error . And therefore let the Church compare the present Doctrine , Preached and Printed , and generally received , with the Doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles , which without doubt is sure and certain , seeing those holy men of God , spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit : And whatever Doctrine shall be found contrary to , or different from , that Doctrine , let them reject it as reprobate silver ; seeing the Church is to be built upon no other foundation of Doctrine , then that of the Prophets and Apostles . And though , through Gods especial goodness , the Doctrine of the Gospel be again revived among us , at this present time , yet ought we not to sit down content with the present state of things ; but to search and see if our present Doctrine do not yet err from the Primitive purity and brightness of the Gospel , and that in many considerable points ; and whether some , or many corruptions do not yet remain among us , to be purged out , by the light and truth , of the Apostles Doctrine . Wherefore to conclude this thing , let us know , that the Church cannot possibly keep out Error , longer then it precisely keeps it self to the bare and naked Word of God , and tries all Doctrines of their Teachers by it . 3. The Church , that it may be able to keep out Errors , must desire of God , the Spirit which he hath promised ; that this Spirit of Truth may lead them into the true and spiritual knowledge of the word , and understanding of the minde of Christ. For no man can make any right Iudgement of the word he hears of reads , without the teaching of the Spirit . And by this Anointing , as we shall be certainly taught , which is Truth : so also we shall discern which is Error , and that by so clear and true a light , that we shall not mistake . Wherefore Christians must take heed , that they do not think , with carnal people , that the ability to judge of divine truths and humane and Antichristian errors , depends upon humane learning , Arts and Sciences ; for thus it will come to pass , that they judging themselves unable to judge of matters of Religion , will wholly leave the judgement of them , to those whom they conceive after this manner learned : whereby they leave open a wide door through which the Teachers may bring in all sorts of Errors upon them . But Believers must know , that the gift of the Spirit onely , without all humane learning , is sufficient to teach us perfectly , which is Truth , and which Error ; and to make us able , to judge of all doctrines of men and Angels ; and that all humane learning in the world , without the Spirit , is not able to do this . And so a poor , plain , Country man , by the Spirit which he hath received , is better able to judge of Truth and Error , touching the things of God , then the greatest Philosopher , Scholar , or Doctor in the world , that is destitute of it . 4 Another notable means to keep Error out of the Church , is to restore in it , that most antient Gospel Ordinance of Prophesying , which , how much soever , it have been out of use during the reign of Antichrist , yet is no other then the very commandment of the Lord , as Paul witnesseth , 1 Cor. 14 31. where he saith , When the whole Church is met together , ye may all prophesie one by one , that all may learn , and all may be comforted ; and adds vers . 37. If any man think himself to be a Prophet or spiritual , let him acknowledge , that the things I write unto you , are the commandments of the Lord Wherefore brethren labour that ye may prophesie . So that prophesying in the Church , is Gods own Commandment , as every Prophet and spiritual man must acknowledge . Now this divine Ordinance of prophesying , is three wayes helpful , to keep out Error . 1. For first , When one man only speaks in the Church , and no man is suffered to speak besides him , as he is very subject to be puffed up , and to conceit , that wisdom onely dwels with him ; so he i● more ready to vent the thoughts of his own heart , & to speak the Dreams and Visions of his own head . But when he knows the Word of God is not come to him only , but to others also , and that they have wisdom and spirit , to speak in the Church , as-well as he , this will both keep down his pride , and make him careful what he speaks , when he knows , there are those present in the Congregation , that are able to reprove his darkness by light . And this prophesying , is a strong bit and bridle in the jaws of Error , that it cannot run that race in the Church , it doth desire . 2. When one man only speaks , and the doctrine he preaches proves to be erroneous , as it is ordinarily in the common Ministry of the Kingdom , it comes to pass , that Error is not onely preached , but also goes away uncontrouled , and no way is left for the restraining Error proportionable to that of propagating it ; no body being permitted to speak , to keep the people from the poison of it . And thus whilst the liberty of publike speaking is permitted onely to one man in a Congregation , and to onesort of men in the Kingdom , any Error may suddenly be spread over the whole Kingdom ( as we see by daily experience ) without any sufficient and proportionable remedy to prevent it . But now , when the right or power of prophesying , is allowed to the whole Church , the Minister can no sooner vent any Error , but there is some believer , or other , whose heart God shall move , ready to convince it by the word of God : And so , Error is as soon discovered , and detected , as it is published ; and as soon destroyed , as it is detected ; the word of God , though from a private Christian , being more mighty to destroy Error , then Error can be , to uphold it self against the word . 3 Prophesying is a most useful means to keep out Error , in this regard , because it gives the Church light , how to chuse faithful Teachers out of its own children , when it stands in need of any supply in this kinde . Seeing through the exercise of prophesying , the Church knows and discerns which of its members are most spiritual , and most clearly taught of God , in divine things ; and who have received the most excellent gifts from Christ ; and so are most fit and able to hold forth the word of life , in most evidence and power of the Spirit , that so the Church may be supplied with Pastors of her own Sons , and not seek out after unknown persons ; nor be constrained to use mercenary men , who have been brought up to preaching , as their trade to live by ; whereupon , but few of them , can be expected to be other then hirelings , who will make their Ministry serve their own advantage , and frame the Scripture to sound such doctrine , as may best serve their own turns . And in these three regards the use of prophesying helps the Church to keep out Error . Now if any shall object against this , That it may seem very rash and absurd , after an able , learned man hath spoken in the Church , for an unlearned Mechanick presenly to rise up and speak . I return this answer ; That the true people of God are all taught of God ; and the true Church is a Kingdom of Prophets , through the anointing of the Spirit ; and so , they esteem not that , to be learning in the Church , which is from man , but onely that which is heard and learned from the Father ; and so they neither reckon him that hath humane learning , to be learned here ; nor him that is destitute of it , to be ignorant . Yea farther , in this society , God will have him , who is most unlearned , according to humane literature , to speak , that the vertues of Christ may the more evidently appear in the Saints ; and the knowledge of heavenly and divine truths , may not be attributed to gifts , parts , learning or studies , but onely to his Spirit , which can even in a moment , teach the ignorant , and make the simple , wise ; and open the mouthes of babes and sucklings , yea and of the very dumb , to perfect his praise by . Whereas when a man of great parts and learning , speaks with wisdom and knowledge in the Church , this is commonly attributed to his wit and study , and so God loses all or most of his praise ; but if a plain , ignorant man , shall speak spiritually and divinely , and hold forth the mystery of the Gospel in a clear light , then men must needs acknowledge God to be the Author , of such grace , and say , God is in him of a truth ; and so , God is acknowledge the Author , of his own gifts , and he himself is admired in his Saints . It will be again objected . Yea but if every one have liberty to speak in the Church , will not this breed great confusion and disturbance ? I answer , no , not in the true Church , which are a people met in the name of Christ , and who have Christ himself present in the midst of them , and so every one demeans himself answerably to the presence of Christ , that is , in the wisdom , meekness , and modesty of the Spirit . And there also every one speaks , not after the rashness of his own brain , but according to the revelation of God , as it is written , If any thing be revealed to another , let the first hold his peace ; So that no man is to speak here , but by Revelation , or an inward teaching and discovery of God. And where men speak thus , as the true Church is to speak there can be no confusion , but most excellent order and decency . Yea. God himself , who is not the Author of confusion , but of peace in all the Churches of the Saints , he hath appointed and commanded Prophesying , as the way of peace ; and therefore do not thou dare to say , it is the way of confusion , seeing God knows better how to order the affairs of his own Church then thou doest . Wherefore , seeing Prophesying , is Gods Ordinance in the Churh , for the peace of it ; if any sort of men , shall , nowithstanding what hath been said , still attribute to themselves a proper and incommunicable Ministry , or the onely power to speak in the Church ; I shall but use the Apostles words to them , and so pass on from this thing ; What ? came the word of God onely unto you ? and is it to come out onely from you ? Nay , it is come to every believer as well as to you ; and it is also to come forth from all them , unto whom it is come ; seeing they cannot but speak what they do believe . 5. The last means I shall name , whereby the true Church may keep errour out of it self , is , To exercise its power in judging Doctrines ; as Paul commandeth , 1 Cor. 14.29 . Let the Prophets speak , two or three , and let the rest judge . If they that publish Doctrine , should also be judges of it , and the people be bound to subscribe to their judgement , error would not only , by this means , have opportunity to be vented , but would also be established and confirmed , without the least contrad●ction . But now God hath appointed it otherwise in the Church ; for whoever speak there , the hearers are to judge of the truth of the Doctrine ; and accordingly are either to receive it , or reject it , having power to do either as they see occasion : and so errour cannot prevail in that Church where the faithfull have liberty to judge of all Doctrines , and do exercise that liberty . But where they , that publish Doctrine , are also the judges of it , and the people are bound up to the Doctrine of the Teachers , and may not question or contradict it , there errour reigns , as in its proper Kingdom . And thus , by these means , errour may certainly be kept out of the Church , that the Church may live in truth and peace . But here now a great question wil be moved , and that is this , Whether the Magistrate hath not power to suppress errour by the sword ; and whether the Church may not use this remedy against errour , as well as all those before named . I answer ; that many men of great eminency , have attributed such a power to the Magistrate ; and have done him the honour , besides his throne in the world , to erect him a throne in Gods Kingdom , at the least equal to Christ ; thinking that Religion would soon be lost , if he should not uphold it . And to make this good , they have produced many Scriptures of the Old Testament ; which seem to arm the Magistrate against the authors and spreaders of errours . But I desire the wise-hearted to consider , whether as clear Scriptures may not be produced out of the Old Testament , to prove , that temporal power in the world belongs to Ecclesiastical men , as that spiritual power in the Church belongs to worldly Magistrates . And to this purpose ( because I would not be too large in this matter , now ) I shall desire him , who hath a minde to be instructed , to reade and weigh the Reply of the French Prelates to the Lord Peters ; which he may finde in Fox his Book of Martyrs , vol. 1 p. 467. Wherefore , seeing the Scriptures of the old Testament , are every whit as strong , to give Ministers power in temporal matters , as Magistrates in spiritual ; it is without all question , the only sure and safe way to determine this cause by the new Testament , or the doctrine of Christ , and the Apostles , by whom in these last dayes God hath spoken fully to the Church , and after whose doctrine there is no other word to be expected . And because herein I finde no such power given to the Civil Magistrate , to judge and determine in spiritual matters , therefore I conclude , he hath none . Now if any shall say , This is a great wrong to the Magistrage , to thrust his power out of the Church , and to confine it to the world . I answer , That to make the Church and Ecclesiastical Kingdom , standing in outward Laws , orders , authority , dignity , promotion goverment , all which are to be granted , established , and managed by state power , and yet to deny the Magistrates authority and influence into these things , which flow from his own power , and consist in it , and by it , this is to streighten and to wrong him indeed . But to declare the true Church to be a spiritual Kingdom as Christ hath made it , and not at all of this world , but the very Kingdom of heaven upon earth , and thereupon to deny him power in it , is no more to prejudice the Magistrate , then to deny him power in heaven . Seeing the Sons Kingdom which is heaven on earth , is to be as free from worldly and humane power , as the Fathers Kingdom which is heaven in heaven : Christ being to be all , in all , in this , as God is to be all in all , in that . And so to deny the Magistrate , that power which Christ never granted him , is no wrong to him at all ; but to grant him , and gratifie him with such power , would be a great and intolerable wrong , to the truth and Church of Christ , as in many other things , so in this present matter , we are speaking of , as you may see , in the following particulars . For the putting the power of the sword into the Magistrates hands , to suppress errour , is attended with these evils . 1. Hereby the Magistrate is made a Iudge of Doctrines , and hath power given him , to pronounce which is truth , and which is errour , being yet no more infallible , yea everywhit as liable to erre , as the meanest of the people . And what Magistrate is there , that hath the power of the sword , but will uphold his own Religion and judgement to be the truth , though never so false , and will sentence what ever is contrary thereunto , to be errour though never so true ? and so the truth and word of God , which only is to judge all , and it self to be judged of none , by this means is made subject to the judgement of vain man , and shall either be truth or errour , as he pleases to call it ; and errour , when it pleaseth the Magistrate , shall be adorned , with the glorious title of truth ; and shall have his authority to countenance and uphold it . And how great a prejudice , this hath been , and is to the truth , and how great an advantage to errour , it is very easie to judge . Now if any shall say , that the Magistrate may not judge of doctrine by himself , and use his sword accordingly , but he may take to him the councel and advice of godly and able Ministers , as now of the Assembly , and so may judge and punish , according to their judgement . I answer ; Is it fit , that the Magistrate in so great matters should be blinde folded himself , and see onely by other mens eyes ? Again , if the Magistrate judge , according to the judgement of the Ministers , and depending more on their knowledge then his own , shall draw his sword against whomsoever they shall perswade him ; What higher honour doth he attain to in all this , then to become their Executioner ? Yea , if he punish amiss he may prove a very murderer Pilate , in this case , may be a sea-mark to all the Magistrates in the world , who following the councel and judgement of the High Priests , put the Son of God himself to death , as if he had been the son of perdition : Which , I say , may serve , for a sufficient warning , to the end of the world , to all Magistrates , that they confide not on the judgement of the Clergy , but that they be sure themselves , in what they do . 2. The putting power into the Magistrates hands , to suppress error by the sword , gives him full opportunity to destroy and slay the true children of God , if at any time he shall mistake , and judge them Heretikes . For what power men ignorantly allow a godly Magistrate , against true Heretikes : the same power , will all Magistrates arrogate to themselves , as their just due against all those that differ from themselves in matters of Religion , though their judgement who so differ from them , be never so true . And thus the Magistrate , who is a most fallible Judge in these things , instead of tares , may pluck up the wheat ; and kill the faithful , instead of Heretikes , at his own pleasure , till he have destroyed all the faithful in the land . Wherefore , let all Christians take heed , how they favour the Magistrates with this power , to punish those , whom he judges Heretiks : for if he shall change his minde , as he easily may , seeing he is but a man , or if another shall succeed him , of another minde , that very Sword may be sheathed in their own bowels , which now they draw forth against other mens . 3. When the Magistrate assumes power to himself , to suppress error , this makes Ministers negligent in studying the Scriptures , the Magistrate doing that by force , which they ought to do by the word and so saves them their labour : For when once the Ministers , shall have so far interessed themselves in the Magistrate , as to procure him , to call for the Goaler and Executioner , against whomsoever shall oppose their Doctrine , they will then need no great pains to study the word , that they may be able to convince the gainsayers , and perswade the rebellious , seeing the Magistrates sword , at all adventure , is to defend their Doctrine ; and all the objections against it , either from reason or Scripture , the hangman is to answer . And so the Pastors having their work , as they conceive , thus done for them , to their hands , do commonly betake themselves to ease and idleness , and to the prosecution and injoyment of worldly things , and grow careless , and negligent of the Scripture , and word of God , whereupon error steals in apace upon the Teachers themselves , whereby , by degrees they corrupt , and seduce very many . And thus whilst the Magistrate thinks to chase out error before him , one way , he lets it in behinde him seven wayes . 4. This takes men off , from the certain means to destroy errors , which is the word , and leads them to that , which can never destroy it , which is the sword of the Magistrate ; and so the Devil here in hath a notable Stratagem ; For he fears not all the Swords , and Halters , and Weapons , and Prisons in the world , to destroy error withall , but as securely contemns all these things , as Leviathan a Bulrush ; and yet doth earnestly stir up the world , to use these things against him , and his errors as the only meanes to subdue him . Whereas the only thing he fears , is the word of God , which is that mighty power , than can binde the Devil , and destroy his Kingdom , and break down all his strong holds of errors and Heresie , and he is in no sort able to stand out against the power thereof . Wherefore in his great cunning , he causes men to lay aside this , that is able to prevail against him , and to go to the sword of the Magistrate , which will do him no harm . And thus the sword of the Magistrate , presuming to lift it self up against Error , instead of the word of God , is so far from destroying Error , that it upholds it ; and strengthens Satans Kingdom , whilst it seems to destroy it . By these things it appears , how great an Error and evil it is , for any to attribute to the Magistrate or for the Magistrate to assume to himself , power to suppress Error by the sword . If any shall yet demand , Whether the Magistrate can do nothing at all , towards the suppressing of Errors ? I answer , This he may do ; he may and ought , and if he be a godly man , he will countenance and encourage faithful Ministers ( that are called of God , and anointed by the Spirit ) to this work of the Gospel ; and having done this , he need not trouble himself any farther ; for the word preached , will do all the rest . And let it not be doubted , but if the truth of God do enter the Lists against Error , it will be infinitely able to prevail of it self alone , without calling in any power , or borrowing any weapons from the world . The ninth Rule , is . By no means , to inforce Vniformity , in the outward orders and discipline of the Church . For such Vniformity , hath been in all ages , not only the hinderance , but the very break neck , of the Churches peace and unity . Now because this is so vehemently and strongly urged by the unskilful builders of this age , I shall the more fully acquaint the Reader with the State of this business , from the very beginning of the Gospel ; and show when this part of the mystery of iniquity , first invaded the Church of God. Most manifest it is , that the Apostles and Disciples of Christ , were only intent about the Doctrine of Salvation , and so accordingly preached and pressed nothing but faith in Christ , and love to all the Saints ; as being the only necessary things , which Christians were to regard ; And for all outward Rites , and Ceremonies , and forms , wherein Christ had made them free , they commanded them , to stand fast in that liberty . And so they gave no heed , nor regard , to the observation of dayes and times , neither bound the Church , to any Ceremonies or Rites , except those necessary things mentioned , Act. 15. to wit , things strangled , and blood , which was then ordained by the holy spirit , not without urgent and necessary cause . For when the murdering and blood of Infants , was commonly laid to the charge of Christians by the Heathens , they had no other Argument to help themselves , but their own Law , by which they were commanded to abstain from the blood of common Beasts , much more from the blood of innocent men . And therefore that Law seemeth to be given by the holy Spirit , and also for the same end , to be continued in the Church , so long as the cause thereof , that is the persecutions of the heathen Gentiles continued . And besides these , we reade of no other Ceremonies or Rites , which the Apostles greatly regarded , but lest such things free , to the Liberty of Christians , every man to use therein his own discretion , for the using , or not using thereof . Whereupon , as concerning all the ceremonial observations of dayes , times , places , meats , drinks , vestures , and such others , of all these things , neither was the diversity among men , greatly noted , nor any Vniformity greatly required . Thus Christian Liberty prevailed in the Church , and Christian men did not much struggle about indifferent things , till the Asians and Romans , began to dis-agree about Easter-day : to compose which controversy , Polycarpus , a godly Martyr , went to Rome ( ann . 157. and in the reign of Antoninus Pius ) to Anicetus , then Bishop there : and though these two , to wit , Polycarpus and Anicetus , differed in their judgements and opinions in this matter , yet they still retained Christian communion , and avoided all breach of peace . Afterwards , in the reign of Commodus , the Christians enjoying some respite from pesecution , began to contend again among themselves , about the ceremony of Easter ; and neither yet did the difference prevail so far , as to break the bond of love and communion of brotherly life : though they of the West , pretending the tradition of Paul and Peter ( which yet indeed was the tradition of Hermes and Pius , and not theirs ) kept one day ; and they of Asia , pretending the tradition of Iohn , kept another . After this , Victor , Bishop of Rome , rose up a great stickler in the controversy of Easter , and would needs have excommunicated the Churches of Asia for not yielding to his judgement ; to whom Iraeneus writing , touching the diversity of outward things , used by the Primitive Christians , hath these words , Notwithstanding the variety of ceremonies among the former Christians , they all kept peace among themselves ; and we ( saith he ) still retain it ; and the difference of our fasting , commends the unity of our faith . And thus the Doctrine of Christian liberty remained sound and entire , till this Victors time , which was ann . 200. And he earnestly endeavoured to draw , or rather inforce , the Churches of Asia to his opinion . And then began the Vniformity of keeping that Feast to be first required , as a thing necessary ; and all they to be accounted as Heretickes and Schismatikes , who dissented from the judgement of the Bishop of Rome . Now against this judgement of Victor , Polycrates and many other Bishops and brethren of Asia , declared ; and the matter had burst out into a great flame , had not some godly men of those times , brought forth the word of God to quench it . Among whom Iraeneus , as Eusebius relates , speaks to this effect , That the variety and difference of ceremonies , is no strange matter in the Church of Christ , when as this variety is not onely in the day of Easter , but also in the manner of fasting , and in divers other usages among the Christians . For some fast one , some two dayes , some more ; and others counting 40. hours both day and night , reckon that for their full fast day . And this so divers fashion of fasting in the Church , began not in our time , but in theirs who lived before us . And yet notwithstanding they with all this diversity , were in unity amongst themselves ; and so be we : Neither doth this difference of ceremonies any thing hinder , but rather commend the agreement of our faith . And he bringeth forth the examples of the Fathers , of Telesphorus , Pius , Anicetus , Soter , Eleutherius , and such others , who neither observed the same usage themselves , nor prescribed it to others ; and yet notwithstanding kept Christian charity with such as came to communicate with them , though not observing the same form of things , which they observed ; as well appeared by Polycarpus and Anicetus ; who although they agreed not in one uniform custom of rites , Communionem tamen inter se habuerunt , yet had communion with one another . And thus Iraeneus , in his practice answering his name , perswaded the peace of the Church , notwithstanding diversity of forms and rites : And so Christian liberty was still preserved in the Church , against the tyranny of Vniformity , till the Nicene Councel . And farther , Socrates , the Writer of the Ecclesiastical History , who lived after the dayes of Theodosius , speaking of the fasting before Easter , saith , The Christians that dwell at Rome , fast three weeks continually before Easter , besides the Sabbath , and the Sunday : but those that dwell in Illyria , and all Greece , and Alexandria , fast six weekes before Easter . And speaking of the severall sorts of fasting in severall Churches , saith , And because no can bring forth any Commandment written of this matter , it is plain , that the Apostles left this fast free to every mans minde and will , that no man might be compelled by fear and necessity , to do that which is good . And in the same Chapter , he relates many several forms and usages in several Christian Churches , and concludes that matter , thus ; But , saith he , to commit to writing all the rites of Churches that are used in each City and Country , as it would be very troublesome , so hardly could it be done . And yet further ; I finde that Austin , who was sent into England by Pope Gregory , ann . 598. among other questions to the Pope , propounds this as one : That seeing there is but one faith , how it should happen , that the customes and ceremonies of Churches should be so divers ? And Gregory returns this answer , The custom of the Church of Rome , what it is , you know ; wherein you have been brought up from your youth : but rather it pleaseth me better , that whether it be in the Church of Rome , or in any French Church , where ye finde any thing that seemeth better , to the service and pleasing of God , that ye choose the same , and so infer and bring into the English Church ( which is yet new in the faith ) the best and pickedst things , chosen out of many Churches . For things are not to be beloved for the place sake , but the place is to be beloved for the things that be good . Wherefore such things as be good , godly and religious , those choose out of all Churches , and induce to your people , that they may take root in the minds of English men . So that yet you see , the Church was not enslaved by any enforced Vniformity , but kept its own Christian freedom , till Antichrist grew up to more heighth , and got the secular power of Princes , to do what he listed in the Church ; and then he , and his Clergy , made laws of all that seemed good in their own eyes , and enforced men to them , against their wills . And thus he reigned for many hundred yeers together , till the determinate time of the Apostacy began to be fulfilled ; and then God poured forth his Spirit upon some chosen servants of his , to oppose Antichrist , as in other parts , of the mystery of iniquity , so in this also of Uniformity . Among others who after the general falling away , opposed this Vniformity , was Iohn Gerson , Chancellor of Paris , who lived about an 100. yeers before Luther , and in many things received much clear light from God : he in his Sermon before the King of France , in the name of the Vniversity of Paris , pro pace & unione Graecorum , in his 7 th . consideration speaks thus ; Men ought not generally to be bound by the positive determinations of Popes ( and it will as well hold of all others , who arrogate to themselves an Ecclesiastical Supremacy , whether they be Councels or Assemblies ) to hold and believe , one and the same manner of Government , in things that doe not immediately concern the truth of our Faith , or of the Evangelical Law. And he saith , this consideration well taken and understood , would be the principal key , to open a door of peace , between the Greeks and Latines , who differ in many outward Forms and Rules : as in Baptisme ; the Latine Church saith , I baptize thee ; the Greek , Baptizetur servus Christi , Let this servant of Christ be baptized ▪ And in the Supper ▪ the Latine Church used unleavened , the Greek leavened bread , &c. And herein he spoke as a Christian , that said , Quaelibet provincia abundet sensusuo , Let every Province abound in its own sense . Note also ( saith he ) that a good Prince , permits divers Laws and Customs , of divers of his Subjects , so they be not evidently against the Law of Nature : And not to do so , would often be the destruction of the Commonwealth As the Lord of Arras , a City of Picardie , was wont to say , that Flanders would be governed otherwise then France or Burgundy . And this consideration ( saith he ) rightly understood ( to wit , not to press Uniformity in the Church , but to let the Church use its liberty in these things ) would be an excellent beginning of the Reformation of the Church , notwithstanding the contradiction of many of the Court of Rome . Luther also , that chosen Vessel of Christ , did clearly oppose this evil of Vniformity : He thus delivers his judgement touching Vniformity of Ceremonies : If one Church will not follow another , of its own accord , in those outward things , what need is there that it should be compelled by the Decrees of Councels , which presently are turned into laws and snares of souls . And therefore let one Church freely imitate another ; or let it be suffered to use its own way , so that unity of Spirit be preserved in Faith and the Word , though there be variety and diversity in the flesh , or Elements of the world . Again , the same Luther , after he had set down a Form of Celebrating the Supper , for the Church of Christ , at Wittingberg , concludes thus , In quibus omnibus cavendum , ne legem ex libertate faciaemus , &c. That is , In all which we must take heed , that we make not a law , of liberty ; or constrain them to sin , who shall either do otherwise , or shall omit some things , so they permit the words of blessing to remain entire , and do all act here in Faith. For these ought to be the Rites of CHRISTIANS , that is , of the children of the FREE-WOMAN ; who may keep them willingly , and of their own accord , having power to change them , when , and as often as they will. And therefore there is no cause , that any should either desire , or establish , any necessary Form , as a law in this matter , whereby he may either ensnare , or trouble mens consciences . And therefore we read not in the ancient Fathers , or Primitive Church , any example of any such Rite , but onely in the Romane Church . And if so be they had established any thing for a law in this matter , we ought not to have kept it ; Quod legibus hic obstringi , nec possent , nec debent ; Because these things neither could , nor ought to be bound by Laws . Moreover , if divers men shall use a diverse Rite , let none either judge or contemne another , but let every one abound in his own sense , and let us all favour and judge the same things , though for Forms we act diversly : and let each Rite please others , lest by diversity of Rites , follow diversity of opinions and sects , as it came tō pass in the Church of Rome . For outward Rites , though we cannot want them , as neither meat nor drink , yet they commend us not to God , but onely Faith and love commend us to him . And therefore let that of Paul take place here , That the Kingdom of God is not meat and drink , but righteousness , peace , and joy in the Holy Spirt ; and so no Rite nor Form is the Kingdom of God , but faith within us , &c. And at the end of the same form , for the Church of Wittenberg , which he writes out for Nicholas Hausmannus , a Godly Minister , he saith , Which Copy , either you or others may follow if you please ; if not , we willingly give place to the anointing , being our selves to receive from you , or any others , more profitable things . These things he spake like a Christian indeed , and we acknowledge the voice of Christ in him ; as in others , that act these things peremptorily , and command and inforce them by secular power , we are sensible of the voice of strangers , and of such strangers , as are Theeves and Murtherers . Melancton also , perswades certain Christians to unity , who differed in Vniformity , in these words . Seeing we do agree among our selves in the chief Articles of Christian Doctrine , let us imbrace one another with mutual love ; and let not unlikeness , and variety of Rites and Ceremonies , [ and Bucer quoting this place , adds , no nor of Ecclesiastical government ] disjoyn our minds . Upon all these Testimonies , which these godly men give from the light of the word , which we acknowledge in them , it is evident , that all forms are to be left free , to the faithful and Congregations of Saints , and when any shall set down any form , the Congregations of the faithful may use them , so far forth as they please ; or may add , or alter , or wholly reject them ; and no Laws are to be made in this matter , ( which the secular power should inforce ) to insnare Consciences , and to infringe Christian Liberty , and to straighten the Spirit in those in whom it dwels , and to obscure the vertues of Christ in his people . Wherefore it is most evident , that they are most horribly mistaken , that now urge external Vniformity on the Church , as the only means of Vnity , who scarce minding , I am sure not naming one body , one spirit , one hope of calling , one Lord , Faith , Baptism &c. to make the Church one , do earnestly and fiercely labour for one outward Form , and Order , one Directory , one Confession , one Catechism , one Discipline , [ and to have these things of their own devising inforced on the Church , by the power of the State ] as the onely means their hearts can find out , to make the Church one . But the Seers , are blinde in this matter , and the Prophets prophesie false things . For if the unity of the Church , stand onely or chiefly in Vniformity , what woful division will be found in it ? For the Fathers before the flood , lived in one form , the Fathers after the flood , in another ; the Believers under the Law in an other ; the Believers under the Gospel in another ; yea these being free from all forms , used any , according to the wisdom of the Spirit : Christ himself , and Iohn Baptist , who both lived in the same time , observed no Vniformity between them ; for Iohn lived retiredly in the wilderness , and came neither eating nor drinking ; and Christ lived in the frequency of the world and did both eat and drink . And their Disciples observed no Vniformity ; for Iohns Disciples fasted oft , and Christs not at all , in those days . Besides , at first , the believing Iews used another form , then the believing Gentiles : and after among the Gentiles , the Greek Church used one form , the Latine another ; and several Churches under both several forms ; and so the Church on earth , according to the infirmity of the flesh , still uses some or other form ; and the Church in Heaven , is without all form . Now then , if we shall have no Vnity , but where is Vniformity , what an Earthquake of confusion and division will this make through the whole Church of God in all ages , and under all Gods own dispensations in the world , yea through the whole Church in Earth and Heaven ? Wherefore , I dare be bold to affirm , that imposed and inforced Vniformity , is one of the greatest enemies , to the true Churches unity , that Antichrist himself could devise . And therefore , let not the true Church suffer it self to be reduced under this bondage again , through specious pretences of Reformation ; but let the Church know , it may use what forms seem good to it self ; and that its true unity stands , in being one body , and one spirit , &c. as hath been before declared . And thus onely , the Church in all ages is one ; yea thus onely the Church in earth and heaven is one . And therefore , I desire the faithful to know , that Vniformity is to be kept out , or if it be brought in , it is to be cast out , for the preserving of peace in the Church . For , that God might make Iews and Gentiles one , He abolished the Laws of Commandments contained in Ordinances , Ephes. 2.15 . Whence it is evident , that God so highly valued , the peace of the faithful , that to bring this about , he repeals his own Institutions , and dissolves his own outward Ordinances . Now if the Ceremonies of Gods own ordaining , were to be made void , rather then to continue to the prejudice of the Churches unity : how much more any Ceremonies , or outward rules of our own or other mens devising ? Let him that reads understand . And these are the practical rules , in the way of the Churches peace , that are more absolute and general . And now we hasten to the rules that are more special and occasional , in case of difference among the faithful . In which case , we are necessarily in the first place to consider , the weight of the things , wherein they differ ; to wit , whether those things be such , as are necessary to salvation , or no. If they be not such things as are necessary to salvation ; then first , they are either things Ceremonial and Circumstantial ; Or secondly , very truths themselves ; yet such , wherein a Christian may for the present erre without danger of salvation . If the difference be in Circumstantial and Ceremonial things , we should minde these things to preserve peace . 1. That we ought not to contend for vanities ; nor to trouble our selves and the Church of God , with trifles , and things of no weight or moment at all . It is a wonder to us in these days , that the ancient Christians should so earnestly contend about the day , on which Easter , as they called it , was to be celebrated , and upon difference herein , should divide into Sects as they did ; seeing there always shone light enough in the Gospel , to declare this to be a slight circumstance not worth the minding . The Apostle exhorts the Philippians , to strive together for the faith of the Gospel , but no where for the form of it , in one thing or other . 2. We ought not , for contrary mindedness in these things , to avoid Christian converse and communnion with one another ; for strangeness of Christians in these cases , both breeds and increases suspitions and jealousies , & causes , that we harbour hard thoughts , brother against brother , and it takes away all opportunities of conference , and of understanding and perswading one another , and so of Reconciliation . 3. In these things , whereof neither commend us to God , we are not to condemn one another : for to condemn one another for every difference in judgement , produces innumerable Sects in the Church ; then which nothing can be more destructive to the peace of it ; seeing such deadly enmity arises among Sects as we see by daily experience . And therefore , that rash judgement , that produces these Sects , is the great enemy to the peace of the Church , and the great advancer of the Devils work of division . 4. Let us know , wherein the essence of Gods Kingdom stands , to wit , in righteousness and peace , and joy in the holy Spirit , in Faith and Love , &c. and not in outward Ceremonies and Orders ; and where the power and substance of Gods Kingdom is , let us be contented , though there 's a difference in form and circumstances . Let us take careful heed , that we do nothing against the power and substance of godliness , under pretence of the form and circumstance . The highest good in the Church , is salvation in Christ ; and the end of all gifts , given to all Apostles , Prophets , Evangelists , Pastors , Teachers , is to bring us all to the unity of the faith and knowledge of the Son of God. And if so be that this be done , the Church is not to be troubled with other things ; yea , all other things are to give way to this . Where the heavenly things themselves are present , we ought not in these dayes of grace and truth , to contend about the shadows of them . 5. In case men differ in judgement , in these circumstantial things , such as are in present power , ought take care especial , 1. That they do not entertain men into the communion of Saints , that are onely of one judgement : but that every one to whom the keys of the Kingdome of Heaven are given , may have free liberty to go in and out , and finde pasture . It is a most Antichristian thing to make another key to the Kingdom of Heaven , or true Church , besides that which Christ hath given ; for then it will soon come to pass , that Christs keys will not be sufficient without mans also ; yea , soon it will come to pass , that mans key shall be sufficient , without Christs ; that is , it will not be reckoned sufficient for men to be believers , and to have received the gift of the Spirit , to make them of the Church , unless they also conform to the judgements of such and such men ; but to be of their judgements , will be enough to make them of the Church , though they be destitute of faith , and the Spirit . And thus , by making another key to Gods Kingdom , besides the key that Christ hath given , and so to let in those that should be kept out , and keep out those that should be let in ; this must needs be avoided as extreamly prejudicial to the peace of the Church . 2. They must take care that they do not prefer Christians to places of publike Ministry and imployment , that are onely of one judgement , but that they dispose of them alike , to godly men , of either judgement ; lest otherwise , many smell the design of Antichrist underneath ; which is , that none shall buy , or sell , or have any place in the Church , or Universities , but only such as have taken a certain mark into their foreheads and right hands . And though the outward mark of the mystery may change , yet the inward minde and meaning of it doth not change with the change of form . 3. If one sort of Christians be not to be admitted as members , or preferr'd as Officers in the Church more then another , much less is one party to be destroyed for another ; for thus would Satan also be a Prince of Peace , who would destroy Christs Kingdom to exalt his own , that he might possess all quietly and alone : but Christs way is to reconcile those that differ in these things , and of twain , to make them one new man in himself . And so we shall be like Christ , if we seek to bring both into one , in love , and not to destroy either , by force . These Rules are to be observed , as means of peace , if the things be circumstantial . Now if they be very truths , wherein Christians differ , yet such , wherein they may erre , without danger of salvation , then these Rules are of use . 1. To hear them speak their judgements , with freedom , and not to condemn them , unheard ; for thus mayst thou soon condemn the innocent , and make thy self guilty . 2. To understand fully , what thy adversary means , before thou contend against him ; lest if thou want this wisdom and patience , thou oppose not so much his judgement , as thy own conceit . Much better is it , calmly to hear a mans minde , from himself , then hastily to guesse at it ; yea , to conclude it is so , before thou hast heard him speak . If thou canst but have patience to hear him relate his own minde , perhaps in the end , thou shalt understand , it differs little from thy own , in substance . 3. Reproach not any thing thy adversary speakes , with this , That thou never heardest it before : for this may not so much discover his error , as thy ignorance ; and that which seems to thee a new error , if it be truly examined by the word , may prove an old truth . And if thou wilt needs condemn whatever savours of novelty how shall the truth we yet know not , be brought in ; or the errors , that yet remain with us , be purged o ut ? 4 Be not over confident in what thou holdest , upon thy own judgement , or other mens , strengthened from multitude , custom and antiquity ; for men have erred most grossely , even in those things , wherein they have thought themselves most certain : And therefore , Prove all things , that thou mayst hold fast that which is good . It is much better to hold fast the truth , upon clear grounds from the word , then upon the strongest presumptions of thy own heart . 5. In these differences make the word the Iudge , and not men . The word of God is the sole and perfect Judge , in all the things of God. And therefore one said well , Qui ponit legem judicem , ponit Deum qui autem addit hominem , addit & bestiam : That is , He that makes the Law Judge , makes God Judge ; but he that makes man Judge , makes a beast Judge ; For every man is brutish in his knowledge : And then only are we sure of any thing , when we have the word of God for it . Neither is it sufficient to take the word in any fashion , for Iudge in these matters ; but we must necessarily attain the knowledge of it , by the teaching of the Spirit ; seeing we see so many differences of judgements among men , that make use alike of the same outward word for their rule . Now though all have the same outward word , yet all are not of one minde , except they attain to one Spirit ; for Paul saith , 1 Cor. 2. that only the Spirit of God knows the things of God : Neither doth mans sense , or reason , understand the things of the Spirit , but the spirituall man judgeth all things . And hence it follows , that we can onely judge aright of divine truths by the word , and we can onely judge aright of the word , if we have the Spirit , to be the interpreter of it to us . 6. If thou canst not prevail with him , by the word , that he should agree with thee , wherein he differs ; then observe that moderate and Christian rule of Paul ; where he saith , As many as be perfect , be thus minded ; if any be otherwise minded , God shall also reveal this to him : And so let us wait with patience , till God of his good pleasure shall please to teach him , as he hath been pleased to teach us ; because , without this teaching , he can never know it aright , though thou teach him never so much . 7. And lastly , When in many inconsiderable points of Religion , we cannot agree with many that are truly faithfull , nor they with us ; let us , according to Pauls rule , leave the finall judgement of these things to the due time appointed of God ; as Paul hath said , — Iudge nothing before the time : And if you ask , what time this is ? Christ hath told us , saying , If any one bear my word , and believe not , I judge him not ; but the word that I have spoken the same shall judge him at the last day . For the things of God are so far beyond the sense , reason , knowledge , judgement and discerning of all the men in the world , that many times the purest things are reckoned vile , and the most spiritual things , carnal ; and the very highest things of the mystery of God and Christ , but conceits or errors ; and therefore it is fit , that the judgement of these things , which are so far beyond humane comprehension , should be deferred to the last day , Gods judgement being better in his own time , then in ours . Now in case the doctrine , wherein we differ , be such as is absolutely necessary to salvation , and without beleeving which , men can have no interest in Christ , yet even in this case , 1. Hear them speak , and be rather confident , that the truth of God will prevail over their error , then fearfull , that their error will prevail against the truth ; and so strive not , for secular power , to shut up mens mouths , and to restrain mens writings , though they speak and print things that seem never so contrary to the truth of God , and doctrine of the Gospel For if men have not liberty to divulge their doctrines publikely , they will spread them privately , to infect and corrupt many , ere it can be known or prevented ; and if men vent errors publikely , if there be as publick liberty , to preach the truth ; I doubt not the success of the truth against it at any time , with all that belong to God. And it is the only Gospel way , to conquer error by the truth , and all humane , yea , and devilish doctrines , by the Gospel , which is the ministration of the Spirit , and therefore so mighty , that all false teachers and false doctrines , must needs fall down before it ; seeing , stronger is that Spirit , that is in it , then that spirit that is in the world , which is its own spirit , and the devils . And if the Gospel of Christ , have given already , such proof of its power , in former times , when the whole world lay in horrible ignorance , and error , & darkness covered the earth , and gross darkness the people ; and yet the Gospel alone without any conjunction of earthly power , of States and Kingdoms with it , did binde the devil , and cast him out of his possessions and dominions , and overthrow all false Religions , men had received from their fore-fathers , through many generations ; and changed the manners , customes , opinions , Religions , and very natures of men , and utterly dispelled errrors and heresies of all sorts ; I say , seeing the Gospel , hath already given such large testimony of its power , and made so great a conquest of the world , when it was wholly under the power of the devil ; I see no reason , that we should now so doubt the power of it , as to suffer no man , to say any thing , but what likes us , or what is indeed agreeable to the word ; as if error should have now gotten more power , to make void the word , then the world power to make void error . Wherefore , if the word be suffered , to have free passage , I dare rest on that alone ( and so dare all , that have felt the power of it , in their own hearts ) for the conquering and destroying , all errors and Heresies whatsoever in the true Church of God. And now it would be profitable to hear what some other men , who have walked in the same light and Spirit , have said in this matter . Zuinglius ( in his book , quoted in the margent ) speaks thus , Haec unica , eaque sola via est , qua ad concordiam proxime perveniri potest , &c. that is , This is the one and only way , whereby we may most suddenly attain to concord ; if whatsoever things may be , or are commonly said for any opinion , or against it , be freely propounded in the Churches , so that the people be allowed , free judgement in all these things . For God , who is not the God of discord , but of peace , nevers suffers those who are gathered together in his spirit , to erre or be deceived . And if this way were observed , we should shortly see the Churches of Christ , enjoying sweet peace and concord . But now as often as there are some Princes and Cities , that would have the doctrine of the Gospel free to all , presenly there are others that would stop and hinder the course of it , and so long there must needs arise great discords and dissentions . And hence I would have you judge whether you or we , are departed from the Church of God , and the doctrine of it . For we suffer those writings that proceed as well from you , as from the Papists , to be openly and freely read , and read again ; and the evils which are taught in them , we slay by the sword of the Spirit , which is the word of God ; but you think , all this business may be dispatched , with PUBLICK EDICTS AND COMMANDS . And therefore do you be judge , whose cause is most to be suspected ; ours , who suffer the doctrine of our adversaries to be published in our Churches , and overthrow them by the word : or yours , who reproach our doctrine before the simple people , as heretical ; in the mean time by your good will , neither suffering them to read it nor understand it . Thus far he . Luther also , in his Epistle to Frederick and Iohn , Dukes of Saxony , speaking against that Spirit , which he cals Spiritus Alstetinus , a proud , haughty , enthusiastical spirit , that despised faith , and love , and the cross , and the whole Scriptures , as low things , not worth their minding , and gloried in strange Revelations , and superlative holiness which they had , above other believers : And these enemies of the Gospel , especially were gathered together in Alsteta ; and Luther writes to the Dukes , in whose Province this Town was , to this purpose touching them : Quod vèro praesentis interest negotii , nolim ab illustrissimis D. V. praedicandi officium praecludi cuiquam , &c. That is , But for what pertains to our present business , I would not , that the office of preaching should be denyed to any , by your most illustrious Lordships ; but let there be granted to them free Liberty to preach , and let them exhibite the best proof of their learning . For I said , by the Testimony of Paul , It must needs be , that there must be sects ; and the word of God must strive , and wage war in camps . And therefore it is evident in Psa. 67. that the Evangelists are called Armies ; and that Christ in the Psalms is called more then once , the King of Armies . Now if their spirit be a right and approved spirit , it will easily subsist before us without all fear : and so if our spirit be right , as we hope it is , it will fear neither them , not any body else . But if they transgress the bounds of the Gospel , and will not contain their hands , but will do their work with violence , it is the duty of your most Illustrious Lordships , when they grow fierce and seditious , to repress them , or to banish them out of your Dominions ; saying , we will easily grant to you , to fight with the word , for the proving and examining which is true Doctrine : but we will restrain the fierceness of your spirits , and contain your hands ; for these things belong to our Magistracie . And therefore they that will not herein obey , let them depart the Country : For ( saith he ) we who are Ministers of the word may preach , but we must do no violence ; and Daniel hath witnessed , that Antichrist shall be destroyed without hands ; And Isaiah saith , that Christ shall fight in his Kingdom with the spirit of his mouth , and the rod of his lips , &c. Also Albertus , Duke of Borussia , when the great controversie fell out , between Andreas Osiander , and Morlinus , and other Ministers , touching the Righteousness whereby a Christian is made righteous before God , he would not forbid either side , either the Pulpit or Press ; but left them free to both alike , and desired them to forbear reproaches one against another , and to debate the business quietly by the word of God. Likewise the Bohemians , in a certain exhortation of theirs , to Kings and Princes , to stir them up to the zeal of the Gospel , subscribed by Procopius and Conradus , and other Captains of the Bohemians , have these words ; They say ( that is the Papists ) it ought not to be suffered , that we should be heard , in confessing our faith . Now , how may that be proved by the holy Scripture , since Christ heard the devil , as is written , Mat. 4 ? And they are not better then Christ nor we worse then the devil . If they be righteous , and have the truth with them , as they say they have , and we be unrighteous , why do they fear ? since the truth ought not to be afraid of falshood ; and Zorobabel declared , That truth is of all things the most mighty , and overcometh all things . For Christ is the truth , John 14. I am the way , the truth ; and the devil is the father of lyes , John 8. Therefore if the Pope and his Priests have the truth , let them overcome us with the word of God : but if they have lyes , then they cannot long abide , in all their presumption . Wherefore , we exhort and beseech , all the Imperial Cities , all Kings , Princes , Noble-men , rich , poor , for Gods sake , and for his Righteousness , that one of them , write hereof to another , and that there may be some means made , how we may commune with you safely , and friendly , at some such place , as shall be fit , both for you and us : and bring with you your Bishops and Teachers , and let them and our Teachers fight together with the word of God , and let us hear them ; and let not one overcome the other by violence or false subtilty , but only by the word of God &c. By all which it appears , That let mens Doctrine be what it will , they ought to be heard , and convinced by the word , and not presently to be silenced , and subdued by force . Now secondly , if upon hearing and debating things by the word , it shall clearly appear , that our adversaries hold such things , which are so false and erroneous , that they cannot be reckoned believers and members of Christ , that hold them ; not can retain those Doctrines , without unvoidable damnation ; then in this case , the true Church , hath Authority from the word , to do these things . 1. To condemn the doctrine . 2. To excommunicate their persons . 1. The Church ought to condemn the doctrine , as contrary to the Gospel , and to that eternal and unchangeable , and most clear and certain truth , which Christ hath heard from the Father , and delivered to his Church ; which is the faith once given to the Saints , and never to be altered . And so to tell the people , what Doctrine it is ; even such , as carries in it an utter enmity to Christ and his Spirit ; and so consequently death and damnation ; and that therefore they are to take heed of it , as they love eternall life , and would void eternall death . And thus Christ condemned the Doctrine of the Scribes , and of the Pharisees , and of the Sadduces , and bid his Disciples , Beware of them ; and Paul , the Doctrine of Hymeneus and Philetus , which did e●t as a canker , &c. 2. The Church in this case , may also excommunicate the Person ; yea , though he should be silent and not seduce others ; seeing believers 〈…〉 have no true 〈…〉 the word of life , in which all the true communion of the faithfull stands . Wherefore such p●●sons may justly be cut off from the Society of the faithfull . But herein also , these Rules are to be observed ; to wit , 1. That this censure be not proceeded to , for every varying from the truth ( as is already said ) but for denying such truths , or holding such errors , as make a man incapable of salvation . 2. That this be not done , till all other wayes have been tryed , to reclaim him . 3. That this be done , not by two or three persons , but by the whole Church , or communion . 4. That it be done , not by their own , but by Christs Authority , who is alwayes present in his Church , as the Head of that body ; and that it be done , not by any humane Passion or violence , but by the efficacy of the holy Spirit , who is alwayes present among believers , as the Spirit of those members . And this Excommunication thus regulated , is the last punishment the Church can inflict , by the warrant and authority of Christ : and it cannot imprison any , or banish them , or fine them , or put them to death : for we must not expound that place of Paul , Hareticum hominem devita , as Hugo Charensis did , to take a Heretike out of his life ; but him that is a Heretike , we must avoid , we must not kill ; the former being Christs rule ; the latter , Antichrists . Now these things have I spoken and propounded to the faithfull and Churches of Christ , wherever the providence of God shall cast this Book , which may travel farther on this errand , then weak flesh can do : and I so propound them all , as being most ready , my self , to hear from any what they can propound in more light 〈…〉 in these matters , they will ye● 〈…〉 over and preserve Peace and Vnity in the true Church of Christ : The desire of which , through Gods goodness , is much stronger in my heart , then any private interest or respect of mine own . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A37502-e4410 2 Cor. 11.6 . ●cclesia Regi●a misericordiae , cujus viscera sunt merae miserationes & remissiones peccatorum . Cito vos omnes , ut respondeatis mihi coram Attissimo & justissimo Iudice , post paucos annos . Notes for div A37502-e8020 The peace propounded , is , 1. Not between the Church and the world . 2. Nor between the carnal and spiritual children of the Church . Spiritual Christians make up the body of Christ. Carnal Christians the body of Antichrist . Peace between the children of p●ace . What the right Church is not . What it is . How the Church of God differs from the Churches of men . How the true Church may be known , though spiritual and invisible . Quest. 2. Answ. How we may be joyned to the true Church , though invisible . The Church the body , as well as Christ the head , a great mystery . The Church just such a body as Christ is a Head. Wherein the Unity of the true Church lies . The right Church is one body . This one body comprehends Believers of all Ages . Of all sorts . Many things to be considered from the Churches unity of body . 1 Cor. 12. Who break this bond of the Churches Unity . The right Church is one Spirit . Who break ●his bond of Unity . Quest. Answ. The right Church have one hope of their calling . Who break this bond of Unity . The right Church hath one Lord. Who break this bond of the Churches Unity . The Assemblies vote for their government . The right Church hath one faith . Unity of faith preserves peace . 1. Notwithstanding diversity of inward gifts . 2. Notwithstanding diversity of outward works . Who break this bond of the Churches Unity . Who break this bond of Unity . The right Church hath one God , and Father of them all . The true Church is a Kingdom of Brethren . Where all are , 1. Alike dear to God. 2. Alike dear to us . This one God and Father of the true Church , is , 1. Above you all . 2. Through you all . 3. In them all . Who break this bond of Unity . There is no other bond of the Churches unity besides these seven . It is a wicked thing to cry up Uniformity in the stead of this Unity . How the union which God hath wrought among Believers , should be preserved in the communion , which they have here in this world , with one another . To preserve that peace among our selves we have in Christ. 1. We must know some things otherwise then we do . Particularly the Churches Government . Church government two fold . Immediate , Mediate . Gods immediate government two fold . 1. The government of his special providence . Ego saepe certas rationes conatus sum Deo praescribere , quibus uteretur , in administratione ecclesiae , &c. Luther . in Gen 39 tom . 6. fol. 542. 2 The Government of his spiritual presence . The Church never wanted this two-fold Government of God in any Age. It were to be wished , that they that are so busie about outward orders in the Church , were themselves acquainted with inward temptations . The mediate Government of the Church is Christs , and not Mans. What the mediate Government of the Church is . The particulars contained in this mediate Government . Church-power given to the whole Church alike . Math. 16.19 . explained . The Keys , given to all tha● have the revelation of the Father . Quest. Answ. What the Keyes are . The true power of the true Church , is a spiritual and heavenly power . 2 Cor. 10.8 . — 13.10 Christs power extends it self to the whole Church , but no further . The word the only outward instrument of Church power . Christiani eo verbo , & non alio regi debent , quo Christiani , id est , liberi à peccatis siunt ; hoc est , solo Evangelio Dei puro , sine additionibus Conciliorum , Doctorum , Patrum , &c. Luther . Epist. ad Carol Ducem Subaudiae tom . 7. f. 483. Quae ergo insanta est . spontance bonos urgere legibus malorum ? Sunt uon parum multi , leves & futiles homunciones , putantes rem Evangelicam gladio & pugnis esse promovendam . Ibid. Reputatè animo , quo gladio ipse Papatum , &c. What the Church can do through the power it hath received from Christ. 1 It can convene and meet together , as often as it pleaseth . 2. It can appoint its own orders . Rules to be observed in the Churches appointing its Orders . Nunquid Ecclesia per mundum gubernanda est , & non potius contra morem mundi , eo quod scriptum est , nolite consormari huic seculo ? Jo. Gers. Decl. Viror . Ecclesiast , The carnal Church minds outward Orders more then the power of godliness . The Church is to appoint Orders for its Officers , and not its Officers for it . 3. To chuse its Officers . What Officers the Church is to chuse ? 3. Who chuses them . Object . Answ. Hi profecto non venient in concilium , ut judicentur ab ali●s , ut emendent ea quae ipsorummet conscientia , adeoque totus mundus emendanda esse clamat , sed omnes alios jud●care & subjugare ; suam illam potentiam retinere ; & quicquid ipsorum obstat libidini conculcare , è medio tollere conabuntur . Bullinger . Ep ad Edward sext . Tindal . Practise of Popish Prel . p. 344. 4. Can call its Councels . Certain reasons why the true Church may very well want a Councel . Nam quid expectemus ex generalium Conciliorum determinationibus , docent ●os proxima aliquot seculorum exempla , jam ind . ab an●is quandragintis aut amplius . Quo enim crebriora cei●re concilia , tanto magis invaluit superstitio , & error in doctrina , abusus in ritibus , superbia , luxuries , avaritia , omnisque corurptio in docentibus , vel sacerdotibus , denique soedissima omnis disciplinae obliteratio . Bulling . Epist ad Edvard . Sextum . Object . Answ. Rules to be observed in calling a Councel . Ex ejusmodi coetu . i.e. fidelium , delig●ndi erunt h●mines ad concilium ; hoc v●ro esset pulcherrimum conciliū , q●od ab ipso Spiritu Sancto regeretur . In hanc sententiam & Lyra scriptum reliquit , Ecclesiam nō aestimandam esse ex summis illis , aut spiritualibus ordinibus , sed ex verè credentibus . Luth. Libel . de notis verae Eccles . tom . 7. f. 152. The Church is to keep it self distinct from the world . The true Church is to be contented with its own power , for its own affairs . Object . Answ. The true Church is not to force men unto it against their wils . Ea est Ecclesiae natura , ut nusquam magis requiratur interna persuasio . Nam & ad fidem nemo co gi potest invitus , & Deus toto se corde vult amari , & denique hypocrisis peccatum est imprimis Deo exosum . Quo fit , ut toto Ecclesiae gubernandae ratio , hunc scopum habere d●beat , ut in Ecclesiam vocentur plurimi persuasi , & in Ecclesia continc●ntur non aliâ ratione . Itaque quo magis ea ratio aberit ab imperio , hoc magis est apta , reg●nde , augendae & confirmande Ecclesiae Chamter . de Oecumen . Pontific . Secundum hanc itaque nostram voluntatem , sano ac rectissimo judicio decrevimus , nemini prorsus d●negandam esse potestatem , christianam observantiam v●l religionem eligendi ac sequend● ; sed unicuique dandam esse hanc facultatem , ut animum suum illi religioni addicat , quam ipse sibi competere putat , quo nobis Deus consuctam in omnibus diligentiam & probitatem praestet . Euseb l. 10. c. 5. Fox . vol. 1. p. 131. Fox vol. 1. p. 150. The true Church hath no distinction of Clergy and Laity . Gal. 3.28 . Equality among Churches Christ the Head , is subjected in the subjection of any true Church that is of his body . The true Church keeps its Officers in subordination to it self . Regendae Ecclesia ratio , n●n imperium est , sed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . All true Christians and Churches take Christ alike for their Head. The true Church keeps out all error in Doctrine . Quest. Answ. The wayes whereby the true Church keeps out Error . Object . Answ. 1 Cor. 14 36. Quest. Whether the Magistrate hath power to suppress error . Answ. Object . Answ. Quest. Answ. Quest. Answ. The true Church doth not inforce Uniformity , in outward Orde●s and Discipline . Fox vol. 1. pag 72. Iraen & Mebex . l. 4. Nihilo tamen minus omnes illi , pacem inter se retinuerunt , & retinemus etiamnum ; & jejunii dissonantia , fidei concordiam commendat . Euseb. l. 5. c. 26. Socrat. l. 5. c. 19 Perspicuum est , Apostolos liberam potestatem in eadem , cujusque menti & arbitrio permisisse , ut quisque nec metu , nec necessitate inductus , quod bonum sit ageret . Verum omnes Ecclesiarum ritus , qui in singulis urbibus regionibusque usurpantur , scriptis mandare , ut valde laboriosum est , ita vix aut ne vix quidem fieri potest . Iohn Gerson against Uniformity . Homines non non generaliter astringi debent , per determinationes positivas Paparum , ad tenendum & credendum , unum eundemque gubernandi modum , in rebus quae non proxime respiciunt , vel si●e medio , fidei nostrae veritatem , vel legis Evangelicae Luther against Uniformity . Si una Ecclesia alteram non vult imitari externis istis , quid opus est conciliorum d●cretis cogi , quae mox in leges & ammarumlaqueos vertuntur ? Initetur ergo altera alteram libere , aut suis moribus sinatur scui ; modò unitas spiritus salva sit in fide & vero , quantumvis sit diversitas , & v●rietas in carne & elemento mundi . Cujus exemplar sicubi & aliis placuerit imitari licet : sin minus , i●●ctioni libenter locum dabimus , parati , a vobis & quibusvis aliis , commodiora accipere . Melancton against Uniformity . Cum de praecipuis articulis doctrinae Christianae in ter nos co●stet , complectemur nos mutuo amore , neque dissimilitas & varietas rituum & ceremoniarum , disjungere debet mentes nostras . Rules to be observed to procure and preserve peace in the Church , when the faithfull differ , among themselves . The weight of things wherein they differ , is to be considered . Rules to preserve peace when the difference among the faithfull is in circumstantial things . 4. To be contented with the substance of Gods Kingdom in the faithfull . To take care in these three things of great importance . 1. That they equally admit men of different judgements in these things , into the communion of Saints . 2. That they equally use and imploy them . 3. That they do not destroy the one , to uphold the other . If the faithfull differ in very truths , but such as are not absolutely necessary to salvation , they must observe these rules to preserve peace . Phil. 3-15 , 16. If the difference be in doctrine , absolutely necessary to salvation , what the faithfull must do in this case . Zuingl . respon . ad libel . Strethionis , tom . 2. f. 302. Luther . Farrag . epistol . tom . 7. s. 509. Lu●hers rule , how the Magistrate shall deal with the Ministers ; to wit if they contain ●hemselves within the bounds of the Gospel , to suffer them ; but if they raise seditions and disturbances , to suppress , or banish them . Albertus Duke of Borussia . Me●ch . Adam . in vie● Osiand . The Bohemians . Fox . Mortyrolog . vol. 1. p. 858. 2 Esdr. 3. 2. If the doctrine after hearing of it be found damnable , the community , is 1. To condemn the doctrine . 2. To excommunicate the person . Rules to be observed in excommunication . Excommunication , the Churches last punishment . Conclusion .