A reporte of a discourse concerning supreme power in affaires of religion Manifesting that this power is a right of regalitie, inseparably annexed to the soueraigntie of euery state: and that it is a thing both extreamely dangerous, and contrarie to the vse of all auncient empires and commonwealths, to acknowledge the same in a forraine prince.
         Hayward, John, Sir, 1564?-1627.
      
       
         
           1606
        
      
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             A reporte of a discourse concerning supreme power in affaires of religion Manifesting that this power is a right of regalitie, inseparably annexed to the soueraigntie of euery state: and that it is a thing both extreamely dangerous, and contrarie to the vse of all auncient empires and commonwealths, to acknowledge the same in a forraine prince.
             Hayward, John, Sir, 1564?-1627.
          
           [6], 52, [2] p.
           
             Imprinted by F[elix] K[ingston] for Iohn Hardie, and are to be sold by Iohn Flasket, dwelling at the signe of the black Beare in Paules Church yeard,
             At London :
             1606.
          
           
             By Sir John Hayward.
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           Church and state -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           REPORTE
           OF
           A
           DISCOVRSE
           CONCERNING
           SVpreme
           power
           in
           affaires
           of
           Religion
           .
           Manifesting
           That
           this
           power
           is
           a
           right
           of
           Regalitie
           ,
           inseparably
           annexed
           to
           the
           Soueraigntie
           of
           euery
           State
           :
           and
           that
           it
           is
           a
           thing
           both
           extreamely
           dangerous
           ,
           and
           contrarie
           to
           the
           vse
           of
           all
           auncient
           Empires
           and
           Commonwealths
           ,
           to
           acknowledge
           the
           same
           in
           a
           forraine
           Prince
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           
             AT
             LONDON
          
           Imprinted
           by
           
             F.
             K.
          
           for
           
             Iohn
             Hardie
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             Iohn
             Flasket
          
           ,
           dwelling
           at
           the
           signe
           of
           the
           blacke
           Beare
           in
           Paules
           Church
           yeard
           .
           1606.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           SVMMARIE
           .
        
         
           
             1
             THe
             occasion
             of
             this
             discourse
             .
          
           
             2
             The
             proposition
             :
             That
             supreme
             power
             in
             Ecclesiasticall
             affaires
             is
             a
             right
             of
             Soueraigntie
             .
          
           
             3
             Soueraigne
             or
             maiesticall
             power
             must
             be
             perpetuall
             .
          
           
             4
             Soueraigne
             power
             must
             also
             be
             absolute
             .
          
           
             5
             Affaires
             of
             greatest
             importance
             are
             annexed
             to
             the
             Soueraigne
             Maiestie
             .
          
           
             6
             Nothing
             in
             a
             State
             of
             so
             great
             importance
             as
             is
             Religion
             .
          
           
             7
             Affaires
             of
             Religion
             are
             to
             be
             managed
             by
             those
             who
             beare
             the
             Soueraigntie
             .
          
           
             8
             It
             is
             dangerous
             for
             others
             to
             be
             depended
             vpon
             in
             regard
             of
             Religion
             .
          
           
             9
             Two
             policies
             aunciently
             obserued
             for
             auoyding
             these
             dangers
             :
             To
             exclude
             externall
             ceremonies
             ;
             and
             to
             commit
             the
             ordering
             of
             matters
             in
             Religion
             ,
             to
             the
             Soueraigne
             authoritie
             within
             the
             State.
             
          
           
             10
             Instance
             of
             the
             first
             .
          
           
             11
             The
             second
             practised
             by
             the
             Iewes
             .
          
           
             12
             By
             the
             Aegyptians
             .
          
           
             13
             By
             diuers
             other
             people
             .
          
           
             14
             In
             the
             Empire
             of
             Assyria
             .
          
           
             15
             In
             the
             Empire
             of
             Persia.
             
          
           
             16
             In
             the
             Empire
             and
             principall
             States
             of
             Greece
             .
          
           
             17
             In
             the
             Empire
             of
             Rome
             vnder
             the
             gouernement
             of
             Kings
             .
          
           
             18
             In
             the
             popular
             State
             of
             the
             Romane
             Empire
             .
          
           
             
             19
             In
             the
             Romane
             Empire
             vnder
             heathen
             Emperours
             .
          
           
             20
             In
             the
             Romane
             Empire
             ,
             vnder
             the
             first
             Christian
             Emperours
             .
          
           
             21
             Matters
             of
             Externall
             or
             accidentall
             forme
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             depended
             altogether
             vpon
             the
             first
             Christian
             Emperours
             .
          
           
             22
             Many
             lawes
             of
             the
             first
             Christian
             Emperours
             attributed
             vnto
             Popes
             .
          
           
             23
             Matters
             of
             Faith
             or
             of
             Essentiall
             forme
             ,
             ordered
             by
             direction
             and
             authoritie
             of
             the
             first
             Christian
             Emperours
             .
          
           
             24
             The
             eight
             generall
             Councels
             called
             and
             confirmed
             by
             Emperours
             .
          
           
             25
             A
             strife
             betweene
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Rome
             and
             Constantinople
             ,
             whether
             should
             be
             greatest
             .
          
           
             26
             Diuers
             Emperours
             fauoured
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Constantinople
             .
          
           
             27
             By
             giuing
             this
             prerogatiue
             to
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Rome
             ,
             the
             East
             Empire
             was
             dismembred
             .
          
           
             28
             The
             absolute
             power
             of
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Rome
             in
             Ecclesiasticall
             affaires
             ,
             reduced
             the
             West
             Empire
             not
             only
             to
             a
             feeble
             state
             ;
             but
             to
             be
             held
             in
             Vassalage
             to
             the
             Sea
             of
             Rome
             .
          
           
             29
             By
             the
             same
             power
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Rome
             claimed
             Soueraignty
             also
             ,
             ouer
             diuers
             principall
             kingdomes
             in
             Europe
             ,
             and
             generally
             ouer
             all
             States
             in
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             30
             Diuers
             distresses
             by
             this
             meanes
             occasioned
             .
          
           
             31
             The
             Conclusion
             .
          
           
             32
             Certaine
             questions
             propounded
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           TO
           HIS
           HONORABLE
           FRIEND
           SIR
           I.
           P.
           Knight
           .
        
         
           SIr
           ,
           holding
           my selfe
           beholding
           vnto
           you
           ,
           for
           many
           kind
           courtesies
           ,
           I
           cannot
           but
           oftentimes
           bend
           and
           busie
           my
           deuise
           ,
           to
           thinke
           how
           (
           in
           some
           sort
           )
           to
           thanke
           you
           for
           the
           same
           ;
           and
           if
           not
           fully
           to
           discharge
           ,
           yet
           freely
           to
           acknowledge
           and
           professe
           my
           debt
           :
           to
           satisfie
           (
           I
           say
           )
           in
           desire
           ,
           when
           in
           deed
           I
           am
           not
           able
           .
           But
           ,
           howsoeuer
           in
           other
           performances
           I
           shall
           be
           weake
           ,
           yet
           I
           will
           not
           faile
           to
           leaue
           a
           large
           memorie
           of
           your
           true
           habit
           of
           honestie
           and
           vertue
           :
           and
           in
           the
           meane
           season
           not
           omit
           to
           visit
           you
           with
           such
           exercises
           of
           penne
           ,
           as
           the
           streightnes
           of
           other
           occasions
           shall
           permit
           me
           leisure
           to
           contriue
           .
           For
           this
           present
           I
           haue
           made
           choyce
           to
           present
           vnto
           you
           ,
           a
           small
           enlargement
           of
           certaine
           passages
           of
           speech
           ,
           lately
           raised
           at
           the
           table
           of
           N.
           which
           ,
           being
           much
           frequented
           by
           persons
           of
           most
           principall
           note
           ,
           hath
           commonly
           the
           great
           varietie
           of
           dishes
           ,
           answered
           with
           like
           varietie
           of
           discourse
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           part
           of
           the
           dinner
           was
           passed
           ouer
           in
           a
           
           sad
           and
           sober
           silence
           ,
           our
           tongues
           seeming
           to
           giue
           place
           to
           the
           office
           of
           our
           teeth
           ;
           and
           euery
           man
           commending
           
           the
           goodnesse
           of
           our
           fare
           ,
           by
           close
           feeding
           vpon
           the
           same
           .
           At
           the
           last
           silence
           was
           broken
           ,
           and
           some
           speeches
           spent
           in
           matters
           of
           conceit
           .
           In
           which
           veine
           one
           of
           the
           companie
           tooke
           often
           occasion
           to
           speake
           of
           a
           
             Terrible
             blow
          
           ;
           alluding
           to
           the
           same
           words
           in
           that
           letter
           ,
           whereby
           the
           late
           practise
           against
           his
           Maiestie
           and
           the
           whole
           body
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           was
           beaten
           out
           and
           brought
           into
           light
           .
           Hereupon
           N.
           did
           breake
           forth
           into
           a
           liberall
           commendation
           of
           the
           Lord
           Mounteagle
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           letter
           was
           directed
           :
           affirming
           ,
           that
           hee
           was
           a
           personage
           of
           true
           honour
           and
           merit
           ,
           for
           that
           by
           his
           felicitie
           and
           faith
           ,
           not
           onely
           the
           liues
           of
           many
           thousand
           particular
           persons
           ,
           and
           whatsoeuer
           else
           was
           deerest
           vnto
           them
           ,
           but
           the
           life
           also
           of
           this
           Empire
           was
           at
           that
           time
           preserued
           ;
           that
           his
           high
           Nobilitie
           ,
           enobled
           and
           made
           pretious
           both
           with
           curtesie
           and
           magnanimitie
           ,
           had
           now
           iustly
           placed
           him
           in
           the
           formost
           ranke
           of
           same
           .
           He
           proceeded
           to
           declare
           ,
           the
           fashion
           of
           that
           hot
           and
           hatefull
           attempt
           :
           what
           faire
           opportunitie
           was
           thereby
           opened
           to
           secure
           our selues
           ,
           from
           the
           fierie
           furie
           of
           those
           homebred
           enemies
           ,
           who
           ,
           rather
           than
           wee
           should
           not
           bee
           destroyed
           ,
           would
           ouerwhelme
           vs
           in
           the
           ruines
           of
           the
           state
           :
           That
           seueritie
           could
           not
           hereupon
           be
           interpreted
           crueltie
           ;
           that
           hereupon
           nothing
           could
           be
           interpreted
           to
           be
           done
           in
           regard
           of
           religion
           ,
           but
           onely
           for
           the
           necessarie
           defence
           of
           our
           safetie
           .
        
         
           This
           speech
           was
           diuersly
           taken
           ,
           according
           as
           affections
           were
           diuersely
           disposed
           ;
           some
           did
           liuelie
           ,
           some
           faintly
           ,
           and
           (
           as
           it
           was
           coniectured
           )
           fainedly
           approue
           it
           ;
           none
           did
           openly
           oppose
           against
           it
           .
        
         
           From
           this
           ,
           they
           fell
           to
           talke
           of
           the
           Bill
           propounded
           in
           Parliament
           against
           Recusants
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           Oath
           of
           supremacie
           ,
           which
           was
           appointed
           generally
           to
           be
           taken
           .
           Of
           the
           first
           they
           did
           but
           sparingly
           speake
           ,
           as
           
           being
           a
           matter
           then
           handled
           in
           highest
           place
           of
           deliberation
           :
           vpon
           the
           second
           they
           maintained
           a
           longer
           stay
           .
           N.
           repeated
           many
           conueniences
           for
           which
           this
           Oath
           ought
           generally
           to
           bee
           taken
           .
           Whereto
           a
           certaine
           Knight
           replied
           ,
           not
           directly
           contradicting
           him
           ,
           but
           inuoluing
           his
           intents
           in
           such
           soft
           and
           nice
           distinctions
           ,
           that
           hee
           seemed
           rather
           to
           declare
           that
           he
           would
           not
           haue
           the
           Oath
           imposed
           at
           all
           ,
           then
           in
           what
           fashion
           he
           would
           haue
           it
           imposed
           .
        
         
           These
           obscure
           speeches
           hauing
           bred
           some
           incertaintie
           ,
           whilest
           euery
           man
           rather
           coniectured
           then
           assured
           what
           should
           be
           ment
           :
           and
           controuersies
           of
           conu●niencie
           being
           not
           alwaies
           easie
           to
           bee
           determined
           by
           way
           of
           discourse
           ,
           because
           all
           men
           are
           apt
           to
           attribute
           much
           to
           their
           owne
           conceits
           ;
           I
           drew
           the
           question
           to
           a
           higher
           degree
           .
           Affirming
           ,
           that
           it
           seemed
           not
           onely
           conuenient
           ,
           but
           necessarie
           also
           in
           all
           grounds
           and
           reasons
           of
           State
           ,
           that
           a
           King
           who
           acknowledgeth
           no
           superiour
           vnder
           God
           ,
           should
           be
           acknowledged
           to
           haue
           supreame
           authoritie
           vnder
           God
           in
           Ecclesiasticall
           affaires
           :
           That
           this
           is
           a
           principall
           point
           of
           Regalitie
           ,
           and
           therefore
           necessarily
           annexed
           to
           the
           soueraigne
           maiestie
           of
           euery
           state
           :
           That
           it
           is
           a
           hard
           matter
           if
           not
           impossible
           ,
           for
           any
           nation
           ,
           either
           to
           grow
           or
           long
           time
           to
           continue
           very
           great
           ,
           wherein
           a
           foraine
           power
           doth
           hold
           the
           regiment
           in
           Religion
           :
           That
           in
           all
           ancient
           Empires
           and
           Common
           wealthes
           it
           hath
           been
           vsed
           ,
           That
           ;
        
         
           I
           could
           not
           finish
           that
           which
           I
           was
           about
           to
           speak
           ,
           being
           interrupted
           by
           a
           confused
           clamour
           of
           three
           or
           foure
           at
           the
           table
           ,
           who
           esteemed
           that
           which
           I
           had
           said
           ,
           not
           for
           a
           paradoxe
           ,
           but
           for
           an
           Adoxe
           ,
           or
           flat
           absurditie
           :
           seeing
           many
           Christian
           countries
           ,
           both
           lately
           and
           at
           this
           present
           ,
           haue
           admitted
           forain
           gouernment
           in
           matters
           of
           religion
           .
        
         
         
           By
           this
           time
           the
           Basons
           and
           Ewers
           were
           set
           vpon
           the
           table
           ,
           and
           all
           of
           vs
           were
           attentiue
           to
           the
           giuing
           of
           thankes
           .
           After
           wee
           had
           washed
           ,
           and
           the
           cloath
           was
           taken
           away
           .
           N.
           in
           this
           sort
           renewed
           speech
           .
        
         
           What
           hath
           been
           the
           vse
           of
           auncient
           Empires
           and
           Common-wealths
           ,
           concerning
           supreame
           gouernment
           in
           matters
           pertaining
           to
           religion
           ,
           I
           haue
           not
           (
           I
           doe
           confesse
           )
           obserued
           :
           But
           it
           seemeth
           indeed
           ,
           that
           the
           politicall
           gouernment
           in
           Ecclesiasticall
           affaires
           should
           be
           a
           point
           of
           Regalitie
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           is
           a
           hard
           matter
           ,
           if
           not
           impossible
           ,
           for
           any
           state
           either
           to
           grow
           or
           long
           time
           to
           continue
           very
           great
           ,
           wherein
           a
           forraine
           power
           doth
           hold
           the
           regiment
           in
           religion
           .
           At
           the
           least
           ,
           either
           to
           grow
           or
           continue
           any
           greater
           ,
           then
           that
           forraine
           power
           shall
           thinke
           expedient
           .
        
         
           That
           which
           from
           me
           was
           openly
           reiected
           ,
           being
           allowed
           by
           N.
           and
           in
           the
           very
           same
           words
           by
           him
           repeated
           ,
           found
           good
           acceptance
           among
           the
           rest
           .
           Whereupon
           I
           tooke
           occasion
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           speech
           (
           I
           perceiued
           )
           was
           oftentimes
           like
           vnto
           coine
           ,
           which
           passed
           for
           currant
           ,
           not
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           mettall
           onely
           ,
           but
           chiefely
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           stampe
           that
           was
           set
           vpon
           it
           .
        
         
           Nay
           ,
           said
           N.
           beautifying
           his
           speech
           with
           a
           courteous
           smile
           ,
           we
           will
           also
           bring
           your
           mettall
           to
           the
           touch
           .
           There
           is
           but
           one
           truth
           in
           religion
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           subiect
           to
           any
           humane
           power
           :
           but
           the
           discipline
           thereof
           ,
           or
           matters
           of
           circumstance
           and
           externall
           forme
           ,
           are
           held
           by
           our
           Church
           to
           depend
           vpon
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Prince
           .
           If
           question
           be
           made
           touching
           matter
           of
           substance
           ,
           the
           same
           also
           may
           be
           determined
           within
           the
           realme
           ,
           by
           the
           Clergie
           thereof
           ,
           assembled
           together
           by
           authoritie
           of
           the
           Prince
           .
           Or
           if
           the
           Clergie
           of
           any
           other
           countrie
           should
           be
           taken
           to
           assistance
           or
           aduice
           ,
           they
           come
           as
           equals
           ,
           and
           not
           as
           
           superiours
           .
           For
           so
           Eusebius
           a
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           Cyprian
           Bishop
           of
           Carthage
           did
           aduise
           with
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ,
           concerning
           the
           affaires
           of
           the
           Church
           :
           and
           that
           Dyonise
           of
           Alexandria
           b
           aduised
           in
           like
           sort
           with
           
             Cornelius
             ,
             Stephen
          
           and
           Sixtus
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           ,
           without
           attributing
           vnto
           them
           either
           title
           or
           qualitie
           ,
           otherwise
           then
           as
           men
           of
           their
           owne
           order
           and
           ranke
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           I
           haue
           read
           many
           controuersies
           in
           Diuinitie
           concerning
           this
           question
           ,
           whereof
           the
           multitude
           doth
           rather
           cloy
           then
           content
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           will
           not
           embarke
           you
           in
           that
           disputation
           .
           If
           you
           can
           make
           proofe
           out
           of
           other
           writers
           ,
           that
           this
           authoritie
           in
           matters
           of
           religion
           ,
           is
           a
           right
           of
           Regalitie
           ,
           it
           will
           follow
           (
           I
           suppose
           )
           that
           it
           cannot
           without
           apparant
           danger
           depend
           vpon
           a
           foraine
           power
           .
           If
           also
           you
           do
           manifest
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           principall
           Empires
           and
           Common-wealths
           ,
           this
           authoritie
           hath
           bin
           exercised
           by
           the
           chiefe
           in
           state
           ,
           you
           may
           probably
           conclude
           that
           it
           is
           a
           Regalitie
           .
           For
           these
           rights
           doe
           little
           varie
           ,
           but
           remaine
           in
           a
           manner
           the
           very
           same
           in
           all
           states
           ,
           of
           what
           kind
           soeuer
           they
           are
           .
           And
           although
           true
           religion
           is
           reuealed
           vnto
           vs
           by
           God
           ,
           yet
           religion
           in
           the
           generall
           proceedeth
           from
           nature
           ;
           in
           regard
           whereof
           ,
           there
           is
           some
           coherence
           and
           communitie
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           religions
           ;
           as
           to
           acknowledge
           that
           there
           is
           a
           God
           ;
           to
           worship
           him
           ;
           to
           worship
           him
           by
           oblation
           and
           sacrifice
           &c.
           
           For
           although
           all
           nations
           doe
           not
           acknowledge
           and
           worship
           the
           true
           God
           ,
           yet
           there
           is
           no
           nation
           (
           as
           Cicero
           c
           saith
           )
           which
           doth
           not
           both
           acknowledge
           and
           adore
           some
           .
           These
           generall
           points
           which
           naturally
           ,
           or
           by
           consent
           of
           nations
           are
           common
           in
           religion
           ,
           may
           well
           bee
           considered
           without
           contending
           which
           religion
           in
           particular
           is
           true
           .
           For
           this
           will
           hardly
           by
           all
           parties
           be
           agreed
           :
           because
           euery
           man
           (
           as
           Philo
           saith
           d
           )
           either
           by
           vse
           or
           by
           instruction
           
           iudgeth
           his
           owne
           religion
           best
           .
           So
           e
           Chrysostome
           affirmeth
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           differencies
           of
           religion
           ,
           euery
           man
           will
           say
           ,
           
             I
             say
             true
          
           f
           .
           But
           this
           argument
           which
           you
           haue
           propounded
           being
           new
           ;
           this
           point
           being
           not
           pointed
           at
           by
           any
           whom
           I
           haue
           seene
           ,
           I
           would
           gladly
           here
           you
           fortifie
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           The
           argument
           being
           new
           (
           answered
           I
           )
           and
           now
           newly
           raysed
           into
           question
           ,
           you
           must
           not
           engage
           your
           expectation
           too
           farre
           ;
           I
           shall
           doe
           much
           ,
           if
           I
           minister
           some
           matter
           for
           better
           iudgements
           to
           work
           into
           forme
           .
        
         
           The
           rights
           of
           Soueraignty
           or
           of
           maiesty
           ,
           so
           termed
           by
           Cicero
           ;
           and
           by
           Liuie
           ,
           the
           rights
           of
           Empire
           ,
           and
           of
           Imperiall
           Maiestie
           ;
           by
           
             Tacitus
             ,
             sacraregni
          
           ;
           by
           Aristotle
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ;
           by
           the
           Lawyers
           ,
           
             Sacra
             sacrorum
             ;
             sacra
             indiuidua
             ;
             iura
             sublimia
          
           ;
           by
           the
           
             Feudistes
             ,
             iura
             regalia
          
           ;
           are
           nothing
           else
           ,
           but
           an
           absolute
           and
           perpetuall
           power
           ,
           to
           exercise
           the
           highest
           actions
           and
           affaires
           in
           some
           cretaine
           state
           .
           These
           are
           the
           proper
           qualities
           of
           Soueraigne
           or
           Maiesticall
           power
           ;
           that
           it
           be
           both
           absolute
           and
           
           also
           perpetuall
           .
           If
           it
           be
           absolute
           but
           not
           perpetuall
           ,
           th●n
           is
           it
           not
           soueraigne
           ;
           for
           such
           power
           hath
           been
           oftentimes
           committed
           ,
           by
           the
           Romanes
           to
           their
           Dictators
           ,
           by
           the
           Lacedemonians
           to
           their
           Harmostes
           ;
           by
           many
           Kings
           to
           their
           Regents
           ,
           Viceroyes
           or
           Lieutenants
           .
           But
           because
           they
           haue
           no
           proprietie
           of
           power
           inherent
           in
           them
           ,
           but
           only
           an
           execution
           or
           exercise
           thereof
           committed
           to
           their
           charge
           ,
           vnder
           limitation
           of
           time
           ;
           because
           also
           it
           may
           vpon
           iust
           cause
           bee
           reuoked
           within
           that
           time
           ;
           they
           are
           not
           accounted
           to
           haue
           the
           same
           in
           Soueraignetie
           .
           And
           this
           holdeth
           true
           ,
           although
           such
           power
           bee
           committed
           for
           a
           very
           long
           time
           ;
           as
           the
           Athenians
           did
           to
           their
           great
           Archos
           for
           tenne
           yeres
           :
           although
           it
           bee
           committed
           also
           in
           a
           most
           ample
           
           manner
           ,
           which
           the
           auncient
           Latines
           called
           
             optima
             lege
          
           ,
           without
           controlement
           or
           account
           ;
           such
           as
           had
           the
           Pontifices
           in
           Rome
           ;
           or
           as
           the
           Cuidians
           euery
           yeere
           chose
           60.
           of
           their
           Citizens
           whom
           for
           this
           cause
           they
           called
           Amimones
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           men
           without
           imputation
           or
           account
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           although
           it
           be
           without
           certaine
           limitation
           of
           time
           ;
           as
           sometimes
           had
           the
           Regents
           of
           France
           ,
           created
           for
           the
           infancie
           ,
           furie
           or
           absence
           of
           their
           King
           ;
           who
           before
           the
           law
           of
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           ,
           dispatched
           matters
           in
           their
           proper
           name
           .
        
         
           Againe
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           perpetuall
           but
           not
           absolute
           ,
           as
           either
           depending
           vpon
           some
           other
           ,
           or
           else
           giuen
           either
           
           vpon
           charge
           ,
           or
           with
           exception
           and
           restraint
           ,
           then
           is
           it
           not
           soueraigne
           .
           For
           such
           power
           was
           giuen
           by
           decree
           of
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           Emperor
           to
           the
           Senate
           of
           Milan
           ;
           
             To
             confirme
             the
             constitutions
             of
             the
             Prince
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             infirme
             and
             abrogate
             the
             same
             ;
             to
             dispence
             contrarie
             to
             the
             statutes
             ;
             to
             make
             enablements
             ,
             giue
             prerogatiues
             ,
             graunt
             restitutions
             &c.
             that
             no
             appeale
             should
             be
             made
             from
             the
             Senate
             &c.
             
             And
             whatsoeuer
             they
             should
             doe
             ,
             should
             haue
             like
             force
             as
             if
             it
             were
             done
             or
             decreed
             by
             the
             Prince
             .
          
           g
           
             Yet
             might
             they
             not
             graunt
             pardon
             for
             offences
             ,
             or
             giue
             letters
             of
             safe
             conduct
             vnto
             parties
             conuicted
             .
          
           So
           likewise
           in
           the
           ancient
           forme
           of
           inaugurating
           the
           Kings
           of
           Arragon
           ,
           the
           great
           Magistrate
           or
           Iustice
           said
           thus
           vnto
           him
           :
           
             Wee
             who
             are
             in
             vertue
             not
             inferiour
             ,
             and
             in
             power
             greater
             then
             thy selfe
             ,
             create
             thee
             King
             ;
             yet
             with
             this
             condition
             ,
             that
             one
             amongst
             vs
             shal
             haue
             more
             power
             and
             command
             then
             thy selfe
             .
          
        
         
           I
           will
           not
           particularly
           rehearse
           what
           actions
           are
           proper
           vnto
           soueraigne
           power
           :
           generally
           it
           may
           be
           
           said
           ,
           that
           those
           affaires
           of
           state
           ,
           which
           are
           of
           greatest
           importance
           and
           weight
           ,
           are
           annexed
           vnto
           the
           soueraigne
           Maiestie
           ,
           and
           cannot
           be
           separated
           from
           the
           same
           .
           For
           ,
           because
           some
           matters
           are
           of
           so
           high
           nature
           ,
           
           that
           vpon
           the
           ordring
           of
           them
           dependeth
           ,
           not
           onely
           the
           honour
           and
           dignitie
           ,
           but
           the
           safetie
           also
           and
           libertie
           of
           the
           people
           ;
           not
           the
           florishing
           constitution
           only
           ,
           but
           the
           very
           life
           and
           being
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ;
           it
           hath
           been
           thought
           fit
           by
           generall
           consent
           of
           Nations
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           bee
           managed
           by
           any
           other
           authoritie
           ,
           than
           that
           wherein
           the
           soueraignetie
           is
           setled
           ;
           whether
           it
           be
           in
           one
           man
           ,
           as
           in
           a
           Monarchie
           ;
           or
           in
           a
           few
           ,
           as
           in
           an
           Aristocrace
           ;
           or
           in
           all
           ,
           as
           in
           a
           popular
           or
           Democraticall
           gouernment
           .
           They
           cannot
           bee
           vsurped
           ,
           they
           cannot
           be
           h
           prescribed
           they
           cannot
           bee
           distracted
           or
           aliened
           from
           the
           same
           ,
           they
           cannot
           be
           absolutely
           exercised
           by
           any
           other
           ,
           than
           by
           them
           who
           beare
           the
           supreame
           Maiestie
           .
           They
           to
           whose
           trust
           a
           Common-weale
           is
           committed
           ,
           must
           order
           the
           chiefest
           affaires
           of
           the
           same
           :
           they
           who
           are
           appointed
           for
           the
           very
           head
           of
           a
           societie
           ,
           must
           giue
           both
           direction
           and
           motion
           to
           the
           principall
           actions
           of
           the
           whole
           bodie
           .
           And
           therfore
           they
           are
           termed
           
             sacra
             sacrorum
          
           i
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           said
           ;
           and
           also
           ,
           
             iura
             indiuidua
          
           k
           because
           they
           are
           (
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           )
           the
           firme
           foundation
           and
           groundworke
           of
           a
           state
           ,
           and
           can
           no
           waies
           be
           separated
           from
           the
           soueraigntie
           thereof
           .
        
         
           But
           there
           is
           nothing
           in
           a
           Common-wealth
           of
           so
           high
           nature
           ,
           nothing
           of
           so
           important
           weight
           ,
           as
           is
           Religion
           ;
           for
           this
           conserueth
           families
           ,
           as
           Euripides
           l
           testifieth
           ,
           and
           is
           a
           most
           excellent
           ornament
           in
           a
           Citie
           m
           :
           yea
           ,
           Lactantius
           affirmeth
           it
           the
           onely
           meanes
           
           to
           knit
           and
           conserue
           men
           in
           mutuall
           societie
           n
           :
           and
           that
           without
           religion
           the
           life
           of
           man
           would
           be
           filled
           with
           all
           foolishnes
           ,
           madnesse
           and
           mischiefe
           .
           So
           likewise
           Plutarch
           o
           calleth
           religion
           ,
           
             the
             band
             which
             containeth
             all
             societies
             ,
             and
             the
             very
             foundation
             of
             iustice
             
             and
             lawes
          
           p
           .
           For
           as
           a
           building
           cannot
           be
           either
           faire
           or
           firme
           ,
           if
           the
           foundation
           be
           not
           fairely
           and
           firmely
           laid
           ;
           so
           if
           there
           bee
           defect
           in
           this
           part
           of
           gouernment
           ,
           the
           whole
           frame
           of
           state
           will
           be
           neither
           seemly
           nor
           yet
           sure
           .
           Sinesius
           saith
           q
           
             ;
             First
             let
             pietie
             be
             setled
             ,
             the
             base
             and
             piller
             whereupon
             this
             Statue
             of
             a
             kingdome
             shall
             firmely
             stand
          
           r
           .
           Plutareh
           s
           was
           of
           opinion
           ,
           that
           a
           Citie
           might
           more
           easily
           be
           built
           and
           not
           vpon
           the
           ground
           ,
           than
           a
           Common-wealth
           either
           constituted
           or
           conserued
           ,
           if
           you
           take
           away
           Religion
           t
           .
           And
           therefore
           Numa
           in
           Liuie
           u
           did
           first
           of
           all
           establish
           Religion
           
             as
             a
             most
             effectuall
             thing
             to
             settle
             the
             vnskilfull
             multitude
          
           x
           .
           Afterwards
           also
           Valerius
           y
           witnesseth
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Citie
             of
             Rome
             made
             lesse
             estimation
             of
             all
             things
             than
             of
             Religion
          
           z
           .
           For
           this
           cause
           likewise
           Aristotle
           a
           affirmeth
           ,
           that
           the
           
             principall
             care
             in
             a
             Common
             wealth
             must
             be
             concerning
             matters
             of
             Religion
          
           b
           .
           First
           ,
           for
           that
           it
           setleth
           obe●tence
           and
           quiet
           within
           the
           state
           ;
           being
           a
           bridle
           to
           retaine
           men
           in
           order
           and
           in
           awe
           :
           for
           so
           Cyrus
           reasoneth
           in
           Xenophon
           c
           :
           If
           all
           men
           should
           be
           religiously
           affected
           they
           would
           beare
           
             themselues
             more
             iust
             and
             vpright
             in
             cariage
             ,
             both
             among
             themselues
             and
             towards
             him
             .
          
           Secondly
           ,
           for
           that
           it
           is
           
             an
             assured
             defence
             ;
             for
             so
             Trismegast●s
          
           saith
           d
           ;
           
             Pietie
             is
             a
             custodie
             and
             defence
             .
          
           Thirdly
           ,
           for
           that
           it
           aduanceth
           victories
           abroad
           :
           For
           so
           Cicero
           e
           aduoweth
           ,
           that
           ,
           
             not
             by
             policie
             ,
             not
             by
             power
             ,
             but
             by
             pietie
             and
             religion
             ,
             the
             Romanes
             vanquished
             all
             other
             nations
             .
          
           And
           so
           Valerius
           hath
           written
           :
           f
           
             Empires
             haue
             not
             thought
             much
             to
             submit
             themselues
             to
             sacred
             seruice
             ,
             supp●sing
             
             to
             obtaine
             the
             rule
             of
             humane
             affaires
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             we
             and
             constantly
             seruiceable
             in
             diuine
             .
             Also
             the
             Poets
          
           ;
           g
           
             Dis
             te
             minorem
             quod
             geris
             ,
             imperas
             .
          
           Generally
           ,
           for
           that
           in
           all
           affaires
           whether
           publike
           or
           priuate
           ,
           it
           draweth
           our
           endeuours
           to
           a
           prosperous
           euent
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           better
           found
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           than
           it
           can
           be
           coni●ctured
           by
           the
           meanes
           .
           For
           so
           Aristotle
           did
           acknowledge
           h
           ,
           That
           God
           is
           
             more
             fauourable
             and
             inclinable
             to
             those
             by
             whō
             he
             is
             most
             honoured
             .
          
        
         
           On
           the
           contrarie
           ,
           it
           is
           impossible
           for
           that
           State
           to
           stand
           ,
           much
           lesse
           to
           florish
           and
           thriue
           ,
           where
           those
           two
           extreames
           of
           religion
           are
           highly
           in
           strength
           ,
           whereto
           Plutarch
           i
           saith
           ,
           the
           weakenes
           of
           man
           is
           exceeding
           prone
           ;
           k
           the
           one
           is
           vaine
           superstition
           ;
           l
           the
           other
           is
           cold
           carelesnesse
           and
           proud
           contempt
           .
           The
           first
           Plutarch
           m
           doth
           appropriate
           to
           barbarous
           people
           ;
           Seneca
           n
           termeth
           it
           a
           
             mad
             error
             :
             Cicero
          
           o
           saith
           that
           it
           stirreth
           the
           minds
           of
           men
           and
           maketh
           them
           vnquiet
           .
           And
           that
           it
           breaketh
           the
           courage
           and
           heart
           ,
           Lucretius
           doth
           in
           these
           words
           affirme
           :
           
             Faciunt
             animos
             humiles
             formidine
             diuûm
             depressosque
             premunt
             ad
             terram
             .
          
           The
           second
           is
           called
           by
           Hermes
           ,
           p
           
             a
             great
             disease
             and
             sicknes
             of
             the
             soule
             ,
             making
             it
             inclinable
             to
             all
             actions
             that
             are
             euill
             .
          
           From
           hence
           ariseth
           discord
           and
           disturbance
           in
           the
           state
           :
           from
           hence
           Cicero
           q
           saith
           ,
           great
           calamities
           are
           cast
           vpon
           it
           :
           which
           is
           also
           confirmed
           by
           that
           of
           Horace
           :
           
             
               Di
               multa
               neglecti
               dederunt
               ,
            
             
               Hesperiae
               mala
               luctuosae
               .
            
          
        
         
           For
           these
           causes
           Cicero
           r
           obserued
           ,
           that
           the
           Common-wealth
           of
           the
           Romans
           was
           most
           enlarged
           vnder
           the
           command
           
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             had
             religion
             in
             regard
             .
          
           After
           him
           Constantine
           the
           Emperour
           left
           written
           ,
           s
           that
           a
           Common-wealth
           is
           contained
           in
           order
           ,
           
             more
             
             by
             religion
             then
             by
             trauaile
             of
             body
             .
          
           And
           Iustinian
           also
           professed
           ,
           t
           that
           he
           was
           the
           more
           carefull
           about
           the
           gouernment
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           because
           ,
           
             If
             that
             be
             kept
             in
             good
             fashion
             and
             forme
             ,
             the
             other
             parts
             of
             gouernment
             shall
             thereby
             be
             redressed
          
           u
           .
        
         
           Hereupon
           also
           it
           is
           necessarilie
           expedient
           ,
           that
           they
           who
           beare
           the
           soueraigntie
           of
           State
           ,
           should
           alwaies
           manage
           the
           affaires
           of
           religion
           ;
           either
           by
           
           themselues
           ,
           or
           by
           some
           at
           their
           appointment
           within
           the
           same
           State
           ;
           and
           neuer
           receiue
           direction
           and
           rule
           from
           a
           foraine
           power
           .
           For
           the
           Church
           (
           saith
           Optatus
           )
           is
           a
           part
           of
           the
           State
           :
           and
           (
           as
           another
           said
           )
           x
           
             Religion
             must
             bee
             in
             a
             Common-wealth
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             contrarie
             .
          
           Vpon
           which
           ground
           
             Diotogenes
             in
             Stoboeus
          
           said
           ;
           
             A
             perfect
             King
             must
             of
             necessitie
             bee
             a
             good
             Commander
             ,
             and
             Iudge
             ,
             and
             Priest
          
           y
           And
           againe
           :
           the
           
             best
             must
             bee
             held
             in
             honour
             by
             the
             best
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             ruleth
             by
             him
             that
             beareth
             rule
          
           z
           .
           But
           Aristotle
           in
           this
           point
           is
           most
           expresse
           ,
           (
           For
           I
           must
           often
           cite
           these
           Authors
           to
           giue
           satisfaction
           vnto
           those
           ,
           who
           regard
           more
           by
           whom
           a
           thing
           is
           spoken
           ,
           then
           what
           is
           said
           .
           )
           a
           
             The
             King
          
           (
           saith
           hee
           )
           
             is
             ruler
             and
             directer
             of
             those
             things
             that
             pertaine
             vnto
             the
             Gods.
          
           Whereunto
           somewhat
           agreeth
           that
           of
           Iustine
           ;
           b
           
             he
             is
             accounted
             next
             vnto
             God
             by
             whom
             the
             Maiestie
             of
             God
             is
             maintained
             .
          
        
         
           For
           ,
           how
           should
           he
           be
           esteemed
           a
           Soueraigne
           ,
           who
           ,
           in
           the
           greatest
           actions
           and
           affaires
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           acknowledgeth
           the
           iurisdiction
           of
           another
           greater
           then
           himselfe
           ?
           what
           maiestie
           should
           he
           be
           adiudged
           to
           beare
           ,
           who
           is
           vnder
           the
           authority
           of
           another
           man
           ?
           to
           reuerse
           his
           iudgements
           ,
           to
           correct
           his
           lawes
           ,
           to
           restraine
           or
           constraine
           him
           at
           pleasure
           and
           with
           case
           ?
           Religion
           is
           seated
           within
           the
           soule
           and
           conscience
           of
           
           man
           ,
           and
           is
           a
           most
           potent
           ruler
           of
           the
           same
           .
           The
           life
           (
           saith
           Plinie
           c
           )
           consisteth
           in
           religion
           .
           If
           then
           the
           consciences
           of
           a
           people
           be
           commanded
           by
           a
           stranger
           ,
           if
           their
           soules
           be
           subiect
           to
           a
           forraine
           power
           ,
           if
           their
           liues
           be
           at
           the
           seruice
           of
           an
           external
           Prince
           ;
           it
           is
           but
           a
           weake
           ,
           but
           a
           dead
           dominion
           ,
           which
           the
           naturall
           Prince
           shall
           hold
           ouer
           their
           bodies
           .
           That
           Prince
           whose
           subiects
           soules
           are
           in
           subiection
           to
           a
           stranger
           for
           matters
           of
           religion
           ,
           shall
           neither
           preuaile
           more
           against
           his
           enemies
           ,
           nor
           beare
           greater
           authoritie
           amongst
           his
           owne
           people
           ,
           then
           that
           stranger
           shall
           limit
           him
           leaue
           .
        
         
           
           All
           men
           of
           themselues
           are
           moued
           with
           religion
           d
           ,
           but
           when
           they
           are
           also
           thrust
           on
           by
           those
           ,
           who
           make
           it
           their
           purchase
           (
           as
           Liuie
           speaketh
           e
           )
           to
           possesse
           soules
           with
           superstition
           ,
           then
           doe
           they
           not
           inconsideratly
           only
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           wild
           furie
           runne
           and
           rush
           vpon
           most
           desperate
           aduentures
           .
           The
           multitude
           (
           saith
           Curtius
           f
           )
           being
           
             weake
             ,
             fierce
             and
             mutable
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             once
             possessed
             with
             vaine
             religion
             ,
             is
             more
             obedient
             to
             their
             Priests
             ,
             then
             to
             their
             Commander
             or
             Prince
             .
          
        
         
           
             Diodorus
             Siculus
          
           g
           hath
           a
           memorable
           Historie
           concerning
           this
           point
           ,
           of
           the
           Priests
           of
           Iupiter
           ,
           in
           the
           Iland
           Meroe
           ,
           enuironed
           with
           the
           riuer
           Niliu
           ;
           who
           held
           the
           people
           of
           Aethiopia
           in
           so
           superstitious
           dependancie
           vpon
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           send
           to
           them
           at
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           giue
           in
           charge
           the
           slaughter
           of
           their
           Kings
           ;
           no
           man
           making
           offer
           either
           to
           deny
           or
           to
           delay
           their
           cruell
           command
           .
           vntill
           Ergamenes
           ,
           a
           King
           of
           Aethiopia
           suddenly
           surprised
           and
           slew
           them
           all
           ,
           whereby
           both
           their
           office
           and
           authority
           did
           surcease
           .
        
         
           Florus
           h
           writeth
           that
           Eunus
           a
           slaue
           counterfeiting
           a
           fanaticall
           furie
           ,
           and
           pretending
           some
           diuine
           inspiration
           ,
           was
           able
           to
           see
           60.
           thousand
           armed
           men
           
           in
           the
           face
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           euen
           in
           the
           principal
           time
           of
           their
           policie
           and
           strength
           ;
           being
           then
           hardlie
           able
           to
           deliuer
           Sicilia
           frō
           his
           subiection
           .
           Iosephus
           reporteth
           i
           of
           an
           Aegyptian
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Claudius
           ,
           who
           bearing
           himselfe
           to
           be
           a
           Prophet
           ,
           vnder
           that
           pretext
           adioined
           30.
           thousand
           men
           vnto
           him
           ,
           in
           the
           country
           of
           Iudea
           ;
           with
           whom
           he
           maintained
           head
           against
           the
           forces
           of
           the
           Romans
           .
           Tacitus
           k
           writeth
           the
           like
           of
           Maricus
           ,
           who
           giuing
           forth
           that
           he
           was
           the
           God
           and
           deliuerer
           of
           Gallia
           ,
           drew
           8.
           thousand
           men
           vnto
           him
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           attempted
           against
           the
           Romane
           garrisons
           .
        
         
           One
           of
           our
           late
           writers
           l
           reporteth
           ,
           that
           because
           in
           one
           chapter
           of
           the
           Alcoron
           ,
           all
           the
           Musulman
           Princes
           are
           forbidden
           to
           call
           themselues
           Lords
           ,
           except
           their
           Caliph
           or
           great
           Vicar
           of
           their
           Prophet
           Muhamed
           ,
           by
           colour
           thereof
           ,
           the
           Mahometan
           Bishops
           vsurped
           absolute
           soueraignety
           ,
           aboue
           all
           their
           Princes
           ;
           disposing
           of
           principalities
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           vnder
           the
           name
           and
           title
           of
           gouernments
           .
           At
           last
           the
           Muselman
           Princes
           supposing
           that
           Chapter
           not
           to
           haue
           been
           inserted
           by
           Mahamed
           their
           Law-giuer
           ,
           but
           by
           their
           Caliphes
           ,
           for
           aduancing
           their
           owne
           authoritie
           ,
           at
           such
           time
           when
           of
           diuers
           corrupt
           Alcorons
           they
           composed
           one
           ,
           long
           time
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Muhamed
           ;
           they
           tooke
           aduantage
           of
           a
           diuision
           among
           their
           great
           Bishops
           ,
           when
           three
           of
           them
           did
           take
           vpon
           them
           the
           title
           of
           great
           Caliph
           together
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           the
           Princes
           of
           Persia
           ,
           the
           Curdes
           ,
           the
           Turkes
           ,
           the
           Tartars
           ,
           the
           Sultans
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           the
           Kings
           of
           Marrocco
           ,
           of
           Fez
           ,
           of
           Telensin
           ,
           of
           Tanes
           ,
           of
           Bugia
           ,
           the
           people
           of
           Zenetes
           ,
           and
           of
           Luntune
           quitted
           themselues
           of
           their
           obeysance
           to
           the
           Caliphes
           ,
           and
           maintained
           Soueraigntie
           within
           their
           states
           .
        
         
           Elmahel
           in
           Africa
           m
           ,
           hauing
           gained
           a
           great
           opinion
           
           of
           sanctitie
           among
           the
           people
           of
           Marocco
           ,
           raised
           them
           against
           Abraham
           their
           King
           ,
           and
           dispoyled
           him
           both
           of
           his
           Empire
           and
           life
           .
           n
           With
           like
           industrie
           and
           art
           an
           other
           impostor
           called
           
             Chemin
             Mennal
          
           stirred
           the
           people
           against
           the
           King
           of
           Fesse
           ,
           and
           constrained
           him
           by
           armes
           to
           yeeld
           vnto
           him
           the
           kingdome
           of
           Temesna
           .
           o
           Schacoculis
           being
           of
           the
           sect
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           by
           pretence
           of
           piety
           gathered
           such
           strength
           ,
           that
           he
           tooke
           many
           Cities
           in
           Asia
           ,
           ouerthrew
           the
           Turkes
           forces
           in
           three
           great
           battailes
           ,
           and
           brought
           his
           whole
           Empire
           to
           a
           dangerous
           distresse
           .
        
         
           How
           Iohn
           of
           Leiden
           ,
           a
           Taylor
           by
           his
           trade
           ,
           set
           all
           Germany
           in
           vproare
           and
           in
           armes
           ,
           by
           bearing
           himselfe
           to
           be
           a
           principall
           man
           in
           religion
           ,
           it
           scarce
           exceedeth
           the
           memory
           of
           this
           present
           age
           .
           And
           what
           practises
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           haue
           been
           either
           atchieued
           or
           attempted
           in
           other
           Christian
           countries
           ,
           I
           shall
           haue
           
           occasiō
           hereafter
           to
           touch
           .
           But
           for
           auoiding
           of
           these
           and
           the
           like
           dangers
           ,
           I
           find
           that
           two
           policies
           were
           aunciently
           obserued
           .
           One
           consisted
           in
           excluding
           all
           externall
           ceremonies
           and
           rites
           :
           the
           other
           was
           ,
           in
           comm●ting
           the
           gouernment
           for
           matters
           of
           Religion
           ,
           to
           the
           soueraigne
           power
           and
           authoritie
           in
           the
           State.
           
        
         
           In
           regard
           of
           the
           first
           ,
           the
           Iewes
           would
           not
           conuerse
           
           or
           accompanie
           a
           man
           who
           was
           not
           of
           their
           owne
           religion
           .
           Among
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           Socrates
           and
           Protagoras
           were
           condemned
           ,
           Anaxagoras
           and
           Aristotle
           were
           accused
           for
           holding
           opinions
           contrarie
           to
           their
           receiued
           religion
           .
           Iosephus
           writeth
           p
           ,
           that
           the
           Athenians
           had
           a
           seuere
           law
           against
           any
           man
           who
           should
           speake
           a
           word
           in
           religion
           ,
           against
           that
           which
           was
           established
           by
           law
           .
           The
           Scythians
           put
           Anacharsis
           to
           death
           ,
           for
           performing
           the
           tites
           of
           Bacchus
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           Grecians
           .
           Liuie
           
           writeth
           that
           among
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           the
           Aediles
           receiued
           in
           part
           of
           their
           charge
           ,
           q
           that
           no
           externall
           religion
           or
           ceremony
           should
           be
           brought
           in
           .
           And
           to
           the
           same
           purpose
           
             M.
             Aemilius
          
           recited
           a
           decree
           ;
           r
           
             that
             no
             man
             should
             sacrifice
             in
             a
             publike
             or
             sacred
             place
             ,
             after
             a
             new
             or
             externall
             rite
             .
             How
             often
          
           (
           saith
           the
           same
           Liuie
           s
           )
           
             haue
             our
             fathers
             and
             ancestors
             giuen
             charge
             to
             the
             Magistrates
             ,
             that
             externall
             ceremonies
             should
             bee
             forbidden
             ?
             Maecenas
             in
             Dio
          
           t
           gaue
           this
           exhortation
           and
           aduice
           to
           Augustus
           ;
           u
           
             Obserue
             religion
             after
             the
             fashion
             of
             your
             country
             ,
             and
             compell
             others
             to
             do
             the
             like
             :
             but
             those
             who
             bring
             in
             strange
             and
             foraine
             rites
             ,
             hate
             and
             correct
             ;
             because
             they
             perswade
             many
             to
             worke
             alterations
             ,
             from
             whence
             conspiracies
             ,
             and
             seditions
             are
             oftentimes
             occasioned
             .
          
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           second
           point
           ,
           Iustine
           x
           reporteth
           that
           it
           was
           a
           custome
           among
           the
           Iewes
           ,
           to
           haue
           the
           same
           men
           both
           Princes
           and
           Priests
           .
           This
           was
           at
           sometimes
           true
           in
           the
           gouernment
           of
           the
           Iewes
           .
           At
           other
           times
           the
           Kings
           gaue
           order
           in
           matters
           of
           religion
           ,
           and
           appointed
           not
           only
           inferiour
           Priests
           and
           officers
           (
           as
           did
           Iosias
           y
           )
           but
           also
           high
           Priests
           (
           as
           did
           King
           Salomon
           z
           )
           to
           execute
           the
           same
           .
           For
           this
           cause
           Moses
           left
           in
           charge
           a
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           
             should
             reade
             in
             the
             booke
             of
             the
             law
             all
             the
             daies
             of
             his
             life
             ;
             that
             he
             might
             learne
             to
             feare
             the
             Lord
             his
             God
             ,
             and
             to
             keepe
             all
             the
             words
             of
             that
             law
             ,
             and
             those
             ordinances
             for
             to
             dee
             them
             .
          
           For
           this
           cause
           also
           they
           were
           sacred
           with
           oyle
           ,
           to
           declare
           (
           saith
           Eusebius
           b
           )
           both
           their
           dutie
           and
           authoritie
           in
           matters
           of
           religion
           .
           From
           hence
           it
           proceeded
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           Kings
           prooued
           good
           or
           euill
           ,
           so
           the
           true
           religion
           was
           either
           obserued
           or
           neglected
           .
           From
           hence
           also
           Tacitus
           c
           hath
           written
           :
           
             The
             honor
             
             of
             Priesthood
             is
             a
             great
             assurance
             of
             power
             to
             the
             Iewes
             .
          
           
           The
           Scriptures
           doe
           further
           testifie
           ,
           that
           Melchisedeen
           was
           both
           King
           and
           Priest
           ;
           and
           that
           Balak
           King
           of
           Moab
           offered
           sacrifice
           together
           with
           Balaam
           .
        
         
           
           The
           Aegyptians
           from
           amongst
           whom
           the
           Iewes
           were
           extracted
           ,
           and
           with
           whom
           they
           communicated
           in
           many
           ceremonies
           ,
           are
           reported
           likewise
           by
           some
           ,
           to
           haue
           annexed
           the
           royall
           and
           priestly
           dignitie
           together
           .
           
             Marcilius
             Ficinus
          
           affirmeth
           e
           out
           of
           Plato
           ,
           and
           Seuerus
           in
           Stob●●us
           f
           that
           their
           custome
           was
           to
           elect
           Priests
           out
           of
           their
           Philosophers
           :
           and
           out
           of
           their
           Priests
           ,
           whom
           Diodorus
           g
           placeth
           next
           in
           dignitie
           to
           the
           King
           (
           as
           Strabo
           h
           writeth
           of
           the
           Priests
           of
           the
           Albanes
           )
           to
           make
           choice
           of
           the
           best
           approued
           for
           their
           King.
           Wherupon
           Mercurius
           the
           grand-child
           of
           that
           Mercurie
           ,
           who
           was
           sonne
           to
           Iupiter
           and
           Maia
           ,
           being
           called
           by
           the
           Aegyptians
           Tenot
           ,
           by
           the
           Grecians
           was
           named
           Trismegistus
           ,
           which
           signifieth
           thrice
           greatest
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           the
           greatest
           Philosopher
           (
           for
           so
           is
           he
           also
           termed
           by
           Tertullian
           i
           )
           the
           greatest
           Priest
           and
           the
           greatest
           King
           ;
           although
           Suidas
           coniectureth
           that
           name
           to
           be
           giuen
           him
           ,
           because
           he
           did
           expressely
           write
           of
           the
           Trinitie
           .
        
         
           Strabo
           saith
           k
           ,
           that
           in
           Aritia
           hee
           was
           a
           King
           who
           was
           Priest
           of
           Diana
           ;
           the
           same
           is
           confirmed
           by
           Suetonius
           l
           ,
           and
           mentioned
           by
           diuers
           Poets
           ,
           namely
           Ouid
           m
           .
           
             
               Ecce
               suburbanae
               templum
               nemorale
               Dianae
               ,
            
             
               Partaque
               per
               gladios
               regna
               nocente
               mann
               .
            
          
           And
           Lucane
           n
           ;
           
             Qua
             sublime
             nemus
             Scythicae
             qua
             templa
             Diana
             .
          
           And
           Valer.
           Flaccus
           o
           ;
           
             —
             Etsol●
             non
             mitis
             Aritia
             regt
             .
          
           And
           la●tly
           by
           Martial
           p
           ;
           
             
               Qua
               tri●ne
               nemerosa
               petit
               ,
               dum
               regna
               viator
            
             
               Octauum
               demina
               marmor
               ab
               vrbe
               legit
               .
            
          
           The
           like
           doth
           Hartius
           q
           report
           to
           be
           obserued
           in
           the
           
           Temple
           of
           Be●ona
           ,
           in
           Cappadocia
           .
           The
           like
           also
           doth
           Virgil
           r
           write
           of
           Anins
           :
        
         
           ●●
           Rex
           idem
           hominum
           phoebique
           ,
           facerdos
           .
        
         
           
             Diodorus
             Siculus
          
           s
           affirmeth
           ,
           that
           the
           Priests
           of
           
           Pantheon
           were
           both
           Leaders
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           and
           also
           Iudges
           and
           arbitratours
           in
           controuersies
           of
           right
           .
           Strabo
           testifieth
           t
           that
           in
           Zela
           ,
           the
           Priest
           had
           supreme
           both
           dignitie
           and
           authoritie
           in
           all
           things
           .
           
           Iustine
           writeth
           ,
           that
           Mida
           ,
           sonne
           of
           Gordius
           King
           of
           Phrygia
           ,
           being
           by
           Orpheus
           entred
           into
           the
           orders
           of
           the
           sacred
           and
           solemne
           mysteries
           of
           those
           times
           ,
           filled
           all
           Phrygia
           with
           religion
           :
           wherewith
           he
           more
           assured
           himselfe
           ,
           then
           hee
           did
           by
           armes
           .
           Tacitus
           u
           reporteth
           that
           among
           the
           Germanes
           ,
           it
           was
           permitted
           to
           no
           man
           to
           beate
           or
           bind
           or
           otherwise
           to
           punish
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           the
           Priests
           .
           Strabo
           saith
           x
           that
           in
           Cuma
           of
           Pontus
           the
           Priest
           did
           weare
           a
           Diadem
           twise
           in
           the
           yeere
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           ensigne
           of
           a
           King.
           Vitru●i●s
           y
           declareth
           that
           among
           the
           Trallians
           ,
           the
           principall
           Priest
           had
           a
           princely
           Palace
           appointed
           for
           his
           aboad
           .
           
             Diodorous
             Siculus
          
           z
           Orosius
           a
           and
           Pausanias
           b
           doe
           write
           ,
           that
           the
           priest
           of
           Hercules
           in
           Tyre
           was
           apparrelled
           in
           purpure
           ,
           and
           did
           weare
           a
           Diadem
           vpon
           his
           head
           .
           Herodiane
           c
           writeth
           ,
           that
           the
           Priest
           of
           the
           Sunne
           among
           the
           Phoenicians
           ,
           was
           attired
           in
           a
           long
           garment
           ,
           consisting
           onely
           of
           purpure
           and
           gold
           ;
           and
           did
           weare
           a
           Crowne
           of
           gold
           set
           with
           precious
           stones
           ;
           and
           that
           Heliogabalus
           ,
           being
           Emperour
           of
           Rome
           did
           exercise
           that
           priesthood
           .
           
             Ferd.
             Lopex
          
           d
           affirmeth
           ,
           that
           the
           Kings
           of
           Malabar
           in
           East
           India
           are
           Priests
           or
           Bramenes
           ,
           and
           must
           die
           in
           their
           sacred
           place
           ,
           as
           men
           consecrated
           vnto
           God.
           And
           in
           China
           there
           is
           an
           auncient
           law
           ,
           that
           no
           religion
           bee
           brought
           in
           ,
           without
           allowance
           of
           the
           King
           and
           of
           his
           Councell
           :
           he
           that
           violateth
           this
           law
           is
           punished
           by
           death
           .
        
         
         
           
           In
           the
           first
           great
           Empire
           ,
           Berosus
           hath
           left
           written
           ,
           that
           Ninus
           first
           dedicated
           Temples
           to
           
             Iupiter
             Belus
          
           and
           Iuno
           his
           parents
           ,
           and
           caused
           them
           to
           bee
           honoured
           as
           Gods.
           
             Zamies
             Ninias
          
           his
           sonne
           exceedingly
           both
           amplified
           and
           adorned
           these
           Temples
           .
           Belochus
           with
           the
           rule
           of
           his
           Empire
           exercised
           also
           the
           office
           of
           the
           high
           Priest
           of
           the
           same
           
             Iupiter
             Belus
          
           ;
           and
           for
           that
           cause
           the
           name
           Belochus
           was
           giuen
           vnto
           him
           .
        
         
           
           The
           Kings
           of
           Persia
           ,
           vnder
           whose
           gouernment
           the
           second
           great
           Empire
           was
           founded
           ,
           are
           acknowledged
           by
           all
           writers
           to
           haue
           been
           inaugurated
           to
           be
           the
           Princes
           of
           their
           sacred
           ceremonies
           n
           .
        
         
           
           In
           Athens
           and
           Lacedaemonia
           ,
           the
           two
           eyes
           of
           Greece
           ,
           as
           Leptines
           e
           and
           Iustine
           f
           doe
           rightly
           tearme
           them
           ;
           the
           ceremonies
           of
           their
           religion
           were
           ordered
           by
           their
           Kings
           .
           The
           Athenians
           had
           their
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           or
           King
           ,
           as
           Demosthenes
           testifieth
           g
           ,
           who
           was
           president
           and
           chiefe
           directer
           in
           all
           their
           sacred
           ceremonies
           .
           Xenophon
           saith
           h
           ,
           that
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           Spartanes
           or
           Laced
           ●monians
           ,
           so
           soone
           as
           they
           were
           assumed
           to
           that
           state
           of
           dignitie
           ,
           did
           discharge
           also
           the
           office
           of
           chiefe
           Priest
           ,
           to
           the
           celestiall
           and
           Lacaedemonian
           
             Iupiter
             .
             Alexander
          
           the
           great
           Monarch
           of
           Greece
           did
           oftentimes
           offer
           sacrifice
           ,
           giue
           order
           for
           their
           kinde
           of
           religious
           obseruations
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           last
           commaunded
           diuine
           honours
           to
           bee
           done
           vnto
           i
           himselfe
           .
        
         
           
           Among
           the
           Romanes
           this
           was
           one
           of
           their
           ancient
           royall
           lawes
           :
           
             Sacrorum
             omnium
             potestas
             sub
             regibus
             est●
             :
             Let
             all
             sacred
             matters
             bee
             vnder
             the
             power
             of
             Kings
             .
          
           Which
           law
           was
           stablished
           by
           their
           first
           King
           Romulus
           ,
           but
           seemeth
           also
           to
           haue
           been
           more
           anciently
           in
           vse
           :
           insomuch
           as
           Seruius
           k
           noteth
           ,
           that
           Virgil
           alwaies
           bringeth
           in
           Aeineas
           as
           president
           both
           in
           action
           and
           drection
           in
           all
           offices
           of
           their
           religion
           .
           
           Whereof
           Ouid
           l
           also
           seemeth
           to
           make
           mention
           in
           these
           words
           .
        
         
           
             Vtque
             ea
             nunc
             certaest
             ,
             ita
             rex
             placare
          
           
             Numina
             lanigerae
             coniuge
             debet
             ouis
             .
          
        
         
           After
           
             Romulus
             ,
             Numa
             Pōpilius
          
           performed
           al
           those
           sacrifices
           and
           rites
           m
           ,
           which
           afterward
           were
           committed
           to
           y●
           
             Diall
             Flamen
             .
             Dyonisius
             Halicarnassaeus
          
           n
           and
           Plutarch
           o
           doe
           affirme
           ,
           that
           he
           did
           beare
           the
           office
           of
           
             Pontifex
             :
             Liuie
          
           p
           writeth
           ,
           that
           hee
           committed
           the
           same
           to
           one
           of
           the
           chiefe
           Senators
           named
           Marcius
           .
           Of
           these
           two
           Kings
           Cicero
           q
           saith
           :
           
             Romulus
             auspicijs
             ,
             Numa
             sacris
             constitutis
             fundamenta
             ieccrunt
             Romanae
             ciuitatis
             .
          
           The
           Kings
           succeeding
           performed
           the
           most
           high
           and
           sacred
           rites
           of
           their
           religion
           ;
           with
           whom
           as
           Liuie
           r
           writeth
           ,
           the
           Priests
           tooke
           often
           aduice
           ,
           concerning
           sacrifices
           and
           al
           sorts
           of
           ceremonies
           :
           Whereupon
           
             Dionysius
             Halicarnassaeus
          
           affirmeth
           s
           ,
           that
           
             they
             had
             the
             principalitie
             or
             chiefest
             rule
             of
             sacred
             matters
             ,
             and
             of
             sacrifices
             ,
             and
             that
             all
             things
             pertaining
             to
             diuine
             worship
             were
             ordered
             by
             them
             .
          
        
         
           After
           that
           the
           Kings
           were
           cast
           out
           of
           state
           ,
           that
           
           the
           chiefest
           in
           power
           had
           authoritie
           to
           giue
           order
           in
           religion
           ,
           it
           may
           appeare
           by
           the
           two
           decrees
           of
           Senate
           before
           cited
           out
           of
           Liuie
           ,
           for
           excluding
           the
           vse
           of
           foraine
           ceremonies
           and
           rites
           :
           but
           more
           plainely
           it
           appeareth
           in
           that
           it
           was
           decreed
           ;
           t
           
             that
             no
             Bacchanalls
             should
             be
             kept
             either
             at
             Rome
             or
             within
             Italie
             :
             if
             any
             man
             should
             esteeme
             such
             sacred
             solomnitie
             to
             be
             necessarie
             ,
             and
             that
             hee
             could
             not
             omit
             it
             without
             offence
             and
             violation
             of
             Religion
             ,
             he
             should
             declare
             the
             same
             to
             the
             citie
             Praetor
             ,
             the
             Praetor
             should
             consult
             with
             the
             Senate
             .
             If
             it
             should
             be
             permitted
             him
             when
             a
             hundred
             (
             and
             no
             fewer
             )
             should
             be
             assembled
             in
             Senate
             ,
             that
             solemnitie
             might
             be
             performed
             ,
             so
             that
             no
             more
             than
             fiue
             
             should
             be
             present
             at
             the
             Sacrifice
             .
          
        
         
           And
           although
           the
           name
           of
           King
           at
           that
           time
           was
           hatefull
           to
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           yet
           they
           created
           a
           King
           whom
           they
           called
           
             Rex
             Sacrificulus
          
           u
           ,
           or
           
             Rex
             sacrificus
          
           x
           ,
           to
           performe
           those
           offices
           of
           their
           religion
           ,
           which
           in
           former
           times
           were
           proper
           to
           their
           Kings
           y
           .
           His
           office
           was
           not
           annuall
           but
           perpetuall
           z
           ;
           which
           ioyned
           to
           his
           high
           title
           ,
           lest
           it
           should
           draw
           him
           to
           dangerous
           attempts
           ,
           they
           stripped
           him
           of
           all
           ciuill
           authoritie
           .
           He
           might
           not
           beare
           either
           charge
           in
           the
           armie
           a
           ,
           or
           magistracie
           in
           the
           common
           wealth
           .
           b
           He
           might
           not
           make
           any
           oration
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           nor
           deale
           with
           them
           about
           publike
           affayres
           .
           His
           authoritie
           was
           restrained
           only
           to
           religion
           ;
           to
           offer
           sacrifices
           ,
           and
           to
           determine
           doubts
           ,
           if
           any
           did
           arise
           .
           His
           person
           was
           sacred
           as
           Seruius
           noteth
           c
           ,
           so
           that
           neither
           violence
           notr
           despight
           might
           be
           offered
           vnto
           him
           :
           And
           yet
           the
           greatest
           Pontifex
           was
           preferred
           before
           him
           d
           ;
           insomuch
           as
           in
           their
           festiuall
           solemnities
           hee
           was
           placed
           next
           to
           their
           greatest
           Pontifex
           ,
           aboue
           all
           the
           Flaminos
           e
           .
           His
           daughters
           might
           not
           be
           compelled
           to
           become
           Vestals
           f
           .
           His
           wise
           was
           called
           
             Regina
             sacrorum
          
           g
           ;
           who
           euery
           Calendes
           did
           offer
           sacrifice
           to
           h
           Iuno
           ,
           her
           head
           circled
           with
           a
           white
           wand
           of
           a
           Pomegranate
           tree
           ,
           called
           inarculum
           ;
           to
           whom
           the
           Vestals
           resorted
           vpon
           a
           certaine
           day
           in
           the
           yeere
           ,
           to
           admonish
           her
           not
           to
           neglect
           the
           solemne
           rites
           committed
           to
           her
           charge
           .
        
         
           They
           erected
           also
           a
           Colledge
           of
           Pontifices
           i
           ,
           First
           consisting
           of
           foure
           ,
           afterwards
           encreased
           to
           eight
           ,
           lastly
           by
           Sylla
           enlarged
           to
           fifteene
           k
           .
           Their
           office
           was
           both
           to
           preserue
           and
           interpret
           all
           solemnities
           pertaining
           to
           their
           religion
           ;
           to
           keepe
           a
           true
           record
           and
           remembrance
           of
           them
           :
           to
           bee
           carefull
           that
           no
           Roman
           ceremonie
           were
           neglected
           ,
           and
           no
           externall
           obseruation
           brought
           in
           :
           to
           determine
           what
           things
           
           were
           sacred
           ,
           and
           what
           prophane
           :
           to
           appoint
           what
           sacrifices
           were
           to
           be
           offred
           ,
           vpon
           what
           daies
           ,
           in
           what
           Temples
           ,
           in
           what
           manner
           ,
           and
           whence
           the
           charge
           should
           bee
           supplied
           l
           ;
           to
           decide
           doubtes
           concerning
           funerall
           obsequies
           ,
           performancies
           of
           vowes
           and
           oathes
           ,
           obseruation
           of
           festiuall
           times
           and
           such
           like
           .
           If
           in
           any
           matter
           they
           did
           differ
           in
           iudgement
           ,
           that
           was
           obserued
           wherein
           the
           greatest
           part
           ,
           being
           three
           at
           least
           ,
           did
           fully
           agree
           .
           They
           had
           also
           the
           interpretation
           of
           the
           Ciuill
           lawe
           m
           ,
           which
           for
           many
           yeeres
           was
           reputed
           sacred
           among
           the
           Romanes
           .
           They
           kept
           the
           Annales
           (
           as
           Cicero
           saith
           n
           )
           of
           most
           memorable
           accidents
           ,
           and
           atchieuments
           euery
           yeere
           ,
           which
           were
           termed
           
             Annales
             maximi
             ,
             as
             Macrobius
          
           o
           doth
           write
           ;
           and
           did
           set
           them
           forth
           in
           a
           white
           table
           called
           
             album
             pontificium
          
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           it
           was
           free
           for
           any
           man
           to
           write
           them
           .
           It
           was
           also
           a
           part
           of
           their
           charge
           to
           repaire
           the
           bridges
           p
           ,
           which
           vntil
           the
           time
           that
           Aemilius
           was
           Questor
           were
           made
           of
           timber
           q
           ,
           and
           not
           fastned
           together
           with
           any
           iron
           or
           brasse
           r
           .
           These
           were
           esteemed
           sacred
           by
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           were
           in
           any
           part
           decayed
           ,
           they
           might
           not
           be
           repaired
           but
           with
           sacrifices
           &
           other
           ceremonious
           obseruancies
           .
           From
           hence
           it
           is
           commonly
           supposed
           that
           they
           were
           called
           Pontifices
           ;
           but
           Scaeuola
           (
           as
           Varro
           s
           saith
           )
           did
           more
           properly
           deriue
           that
           name
           from
           posse
           and
           facere
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           regard
           of
           their
           eminent
           authoritie
           ,
           but
           because
           the
           word
           facere
           in
           ancient
           Latine
           did
           signifie
           to
           sacrifice
           ,
           as
           Vigil
           speaketh
           :
        
         
           Cum
           facer
           em
           vitula
           .
        
         
           The
           principal
           of
           this
           Colledge
           was
           called
           
             Pontifex
             Maximus
          
           ;
           who
           ,
           as
           
             Iestus
             Pompeius
          
           t
           and
           
             Valerius
             Maximus
          
           u
           do
           write
           ,
           was
           the
           greatest
           Iudge
           in
           their
           religion
           .
           And
           although
           other
           priests
           could
           not
           beare
           Empire
           in
           the
           armie
           ,
           or
           office
           in
           the
           state
           x
           ,
           or
           
           be
           carried
           vpon
           horse
           y
           ,
           or
           be
           three
           nights
           absent
           from
           the
           citie
           z
           ;
           yet
           the
           same
           man
           might
           be
           Consul
           or
           Censor
           ,
           or
           Praetor
           ,
           or
           
             Magister
             equitum
          
           ,
           (
           the
           greatest
           offices
           of
           that
           common
           wealth
           )
           and
           also
           greatest
           Pontifex
           :
           As
           Liuie
           writeth
           of
           
             P.
             Liciunius
             Crassus
          
           a
           ,
           and
           
             M.
             Marcellus
          
           b
           and
           of
           diuers
           others
           .
           This
           
             Pontifex
             Maximus
          
           was
           so
           highly
           honoured
           in
           the
           populare
           state
           of
           Rome
           ,
           that
           hee
           was
           reputed
           to
           approach
           neere
           vnto
           the
           degree
           of
           dignitie
           which
           the
           kinges
           held
           in
           former
           times
           c
           ,
           insomuch
           as
           
             L.
             Florus
          
           reporteth
           d
           ,
           that
           a
           fine
           was
           imposed
           vpon
           
             C●
             .
             Tremelius
          
           Tribune
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           for
           vsing
           vnciuill
           speeches
           against
           
             M.
             Aemilius
             Lepidus
          
           ,
           the
           greatest
           Pontifex
           .
           A
           Sergeant
           was
           appointed
           to
           goe
           before
           him
           e
           ,
           he
           was
           carried
           in
           a
           Coach-chaire
           ,
           called
           
             Curules
             sella
          
           f
           ,
           which
           was
           reputed
           a
           royall
           ensigne
           ,
           because
           Romulus
           vsed
           the
           like
           by
           example
           of
           the
           Hetruscanes
           g
           .
           His
           doores
           were
           adorned
           with
           greene
           Lawrell
           h
           ;
           if
           he
           vndertooke
           any
           office
           or
           charge
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           lyable
           (
           as
           were
           other
           men
           )
           either
           to
           controulement
           or
           account
           i
           ,
           whether
           to
           the
           Senate
           or
           common
           people
           .
           His
           proper
           ornament
           was
           a
           hat
           k
           ,
           in
           token
           of
           his
           loftie
           estate
           .
           If
           any
           offender
           did
           slie
           vnto
           him
           ,
           that
           day
           hee
           was
           protected
           from
           punishment
           l
           .
           Hee
           was
           married
           after
           a
           speciall
           manner
           ,
           called
           confarreatio
           m
           .
           His
           wife
           must
           be
           of
           singuler
           example
           ,
           and
           he
           might
           not
           iterat
           marriage
           the
           second
           time
           n
           ;
           he
           might
           not
           behold
           a
           dead
           bodie
           o
           ;
           hee
           might
           not
           foyle
           his
           hands
           with
           blood
           p
           ;
           and
           neither
           giue
           nor
           assist
           sentence
           of
           death
           .
           Hee
           was
           chiefe
           not
           onely
           of
           the
           College
           of
           Pontifices
           q
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           him
           that
           was
           
             Rex
             sacrorum
          
           ;
           the
           Augures
           ;
           Flamines
           and
           vestale
           Virgins
           ;
           vpon
           whom
           hee
           might
           impose
           either
           fine
           or
           other
           punishment
           ,
           as
           the
           qualitie
           of
           their
           offences
           did
           require
           .
           All
           their
           sacred
           matters
           whether
           publike
           or
           priuate
           did
           principally
           
           depend
           vpon
           his
           direction
           .
           And
           yet
           this
           authoritie
           was
           often
           borne
           (
           as
           hath
           been
           said
           )
           by
           the
           highest
           ciuill
           Officers
           of
           that
           Common
           wealth
           :
           the
           election
           of
           him
           pertained
           to
           the
           people
           r
           :
           and
           prouocation
           or
           appeale
           did
           lie
           also
           from
           him
           to
           the
           people
           .
           For
           so
           Linie
           s
           writeth
           that
           a
           contention
           did
           arise
           ,
           betwixt
           
             C.
             Seruilius
          
           the
           greatest
           Pontifex
           ,
           and
           
             L.
             Cornelius
             Dolabesta
             ,
             Du●muir
          
           ,
           because
           the
           Pontifex
           commaunded
           him
           to
           abdicate
           his
           office
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           be
           inaugurated
           
             Rex
             sacrificus
          
           ,
           in
           place
           of
           
             Cornelius
             Dol●bella
          
           .
           This
           when
           the
           D●umuir
           refused
           to
           doe
           ,
           the
           Pontifex
           set
           a
           fine
           vpon
           him
           ;
           for
           which
           cause
           hee
           appealed
           and
           brought
           the
           matter
           before
           the
           people
           .
           Many
           tribes
           being
           assembled
           &
           the
           difference
           debated
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           they
           commanded
           the
           Du●muir
           to
           bee
           obedient
           to
           the
           
             Pontifex
             ▪
          
           and
           yet
           they
           remitted
           his
           fine
           ,
           in
           case
           hee
           should
           abandon
           his
           office
           .
           In
           the
           meane
           time
           the
           heauens
           
           were
           couered
           with
           darke
           and
           thicke
           clowdes
           ,
           which
           brake
           forth
           into
           a
           terrible
           tēpest
           .
           This
           being
           taken
           for
           ominous
           ,
           the
           assemblie
           dissolued
           ,
           and
           the
           authority
           to
           inaugurate
           was
           taken
           from
           the
           Pontifex
           .
        
         
           The
           Common-wealth
           of
           y●
           Romans
           being
           changed
           againe
           to
           the
           gouernment
           of
           one
           ,
           the
           chiefest
           authoritie
           in
           all
           affaires
           depended
           vpon
           the
           Emperours
           :
           For
           so
           t
           Tertullian
           acknowledgeth
           the
           Heathen
           Emperours
           
             to
             be
          
           u
           
             second
             and
             inferiour
             only
             to
             God
             before
             all
             ,
             and
             aboue
             all
             .
          
           Againe
           he
           saith
           ,
           x
           
             Wee
             worship
             the
             Emperour
             as
             a
             man
             next
             vnto
             God
             ,
             and
             inferiour
             only
             to
             God.
          
           So
           did
           y
           Eleutherius
           in
           those
           times
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ,
           write
           vnto
           Lucius
           King
           of
           Britaine
           z
           ;
           
             You
             are
             Gods
             Vicar
             within
             your
             owne
             Realme
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Prophet
             Dauid
             .
          
        
         
           Augustus
           annexed
           the
           greatest
           pontificate
           to
           the
           imperiall
           dignitie
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           people
           by
           the
           law
           of
           Royalty
           transferred
           all
           their
           power
           as
           well
           in
           religious
           
           as
           in
           ciuill
           affaires
           .
           Suetonius
           writeth
           a
           ,
           that
           C.
           Caesar
           was
           at
           one
           time
           greatest
           Pontifex
           ,
           and
           also
           
             Augur
             .
             Seruius
          
           b
           testifieth
           ,
           that
           
             C.
             Caesar
          
           being
           
             Pontifex
             ,
             M.
             Terrentius
             Varro
          
           did
           write
           vnto
           him
           a
           booke
           ,
           concerning
           their
           sacred
           and
           religious
           rites
           .
           Againe
           ,
           Suetonius
           c
           affirmeth
           ,
           that
           Galba
           did
           beare
           three
           Priest-hoods
           .
           The
           same
           Suetonius
           d
           saith
           ,
           that
           
             Claudius
             Caesar
          
           had
           the
           Priest-hood
           in
           such
           honorable
           estimation
           that
           he
           neuer
           made
           choise
           or
           nomination
           of
           〈◊〉
           ,
           vntill
           he
           had
           been
           sworne
           .
           In
           regard
           of
           this
           connexion
           of
           the
           Empire
           and
           pontificate
           ,
           d
           Tacitus
           did
           write
           :
           
             nunc
             deum
             munere
             summum
             pontificem
             su●●●um
             hominum
             esse
             .
          
        
         
           The
           greatest
           pontificate
           was
           also
           borne
           by
           
             Vespasian
             ,
             Traiane
          
           ,
           and
           diuers
           other
           Romane
           Emperors
           :
           the
           Maiestie
           of
           which
           Emperors
           was
           esteemed
           most
           sacred
           ,
           in
           so
           much
           as
           diuine
           both
           titles
           &
           adorations
           were
           giuen
           vnto
           them
           .
           Their
           Statues
           and
           Images
           were
           sacred
           and
           adored
           ,
           as
           e
           Tacitus
           and
           f
           Vegetius
           do
           report
           ;
           it
           was
           treason
           for
           any
           man
           either
           to
           pul
           away
           ,
           or
           to
           violate
           those
           who
           did
           flie
           vnto
           them
           ;
           to
           melt
           them
           also
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           fell
           them
           g
           .
           Tacitus
           writeth
           h
           that
           
             L.
             Ennius
          
           was
           accused
           of
           treason
           ,
           for
           melting
           the
           Image
           of
           the
           Prince
           :
           which
           accusation
           although
           Tiberius
           did
           forbid
           to
           proceed
           ,
           yet
           Suetonius
           affirmeth
           i
           ,
           that
           he
           commanded
           one
           to
           be
           arraigned
           ,
           for
           taking
           the
           head
           from
           the
           statue
           of
           Augustus
           ,
           and
           setting
           another
           vpon
           the
           same
           .
           This
           kind
           of
           accusation
           grew
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           capitall
           for
           a
           man
           ,
           to
           beare
           the
           Image
           of
           the
           Prince
           stamped
           in
           money
           ,
           or
           engrauen
           in
           a
           Ring
           ,
           to
           any
           vncleane
           or
           vnseemely
           place
           .
           Yea
           ,
           Seneca
           ,
           saith
           k
           ,
           that
           vnder
           the
           Empire
           of
           Tiberius
           ,
           a
           certaine
           noble
           man
           was
           accused
           of
           treason
           ,
           for
           mouing
           his
           hand
           to
           his
           p●iuie
           parts
           ,
           in
           making
           vrin
           ,
           when
           he
           did
           weare
           a
           ring
           vpon
           〈◊〉
           finger
           ,
           whereon
           was
           ingrauen
           the
           Image
           of
           
           the
           Prince
           :
           So
           great
           was
           the
           reuerence
           borne
           vnto
           them
           .
        
         
           Vpon
           this
           generall
           both
           authoritie
           and
           vse
           ,
           for
           Princes
           to
           manage
           diuine
           affaires
           ,
           St.
           Hierom
           l
           hath
           said
           ,
           m
           
             The
             priuiledge
             to
             offer
             sacrifice
             was
             due
             to
             the
             first
             borne
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             all
             vnto
             Kings
             .
          
        
         
           And
           yet
           in
           these
           times
           ,
           the
           Emperours
           reserred
           many
           matters
           pertaining
           to
           their
           religion
           ,
           to
           be
           determined
           by
           the
           Senate
           ;
           partly
           for
           expedition
           and
           ease
           ,
           partly
           for
           that
           they
           would
           not
           draw
           all
           authoritie
           from
           the
           senate
           at
           once
           .
           So
           Tacitus
           n
           writeth
           of
           a
           decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           for
           expelling
           of
           the
           ceremonies
           of
           the
           Aegyptians
           &
           of
           the
           Iewes
           o
           .
           Likewise
           vnder
           Claudius
           a
           decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           was
           made
           ,
           that
           the
           Pontifex
           should
           consider
           what
           ceremony
           of
           the
           Aruspices
           should
           be
           reteined
           p
           .
           So
           Tiberius
           referred
           to
           the
           Senate
           whether
           Christ
           should
           be
           receiued
           among
           the
           Romane
           Gods
           ,
           which
           in
           no
           case
           they
           would
           consent
           to
           decree
           ;
           because
           he
           had
           been
           worshipped
           for
           God
           ,
           without
           the
           publike
           authority
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           The
           like
           is
           reported
           to
           haue
           bin
           both
           purposed
           and
           propounded
           by
           Hadrian
           ;
           who
           commanded
           also
           that
           Temples
           should
           be
           built
           in
           euerie
           Citie
           ,
           without
           any
           Idols
           .
           The
           like
           purpose
           in
           
             Alexander
             Seuerus
          
           is
           affirmed
           by
           Lampridius
           q
           to
           haue
           been
           crossed
           ,
           vpon
           assurance
           made
           vnto
           him
           ,
           from
           those
           who
           gaue
           answere
           by
           inspection
           of
           Entrailes
           ,
           that
           if
           Christ
           should
           be
           receiued
           
             for
             God
          
           ,
           all
           men
           would
           become
           Christians
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Temples
           should
           be
           forsaken
           .
        
         
           But
           ,
           when
           he
           that
           would
           not
           be
           worshipped
           with
           other
           Gods
           ,
           was
           both
           admitted
           and
           adored
           for
           God
           
           alone
           ;
           when
           the
           Christian
           faith
           was
           publikely
           embraced
           in
           the
           Romane
           state
           ;
           religion
           was
           both
           aduanced
           and
           ordered
           by
           Imperiall
           authoritie
           .
           For
           so
           Socrates
           r
           testifieth
           in
           these
           words
           :
           
             From
             that
             time
             
             when
             the
             Emperours
             began
             to
             be
             Christians
          
           s
           ,
           
             the
             affaires
             of
             the
             Church
             depended
             vpon
             them
             ;
             in
             so
             much
             as
             the
             greatest
             Councels
             were
             alwaies
             assembled
             by
             their
             appointment
             .
          
           So
           Chrysostome
           t
           calleth
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           u
           
             the
             height
             and
             head
             of
             all
             men
             in
             the
             world
             :
             and
             one
             that
             hath
             no
             equall
             vpon
             earth
          
           x
           .
           And
           so
           did
           Leo
           the
           first
           write
           to
           the
           Emperour
           Leo
           ,
           y
           that
           royall
           power
           was
           giuen
           him
           ,
           
             not
             only
             for
             gouernment
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             but
             especially
             for
             the
             safegard
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           And
           so
           likewise
           Gregorie
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           affirmed
           z
           ,
           
             that
             power
             is
             giuen
             to
             Princes
             from
             heauen
             ,
             not
             only
             ouer
             Souldiers
             but
             ouer
             Priests
             .
             Optatus
          
           saith
           a
           :
           
             there
             is
             no
             man
             aboue
             the
             Emperour
             but
             only
             God
             who
             made
             the
             Emperour
             .
          
           But
           this
           is
           most
           euidently
           declared
           ,
           in
           the
           answere
           of
           
             Demetrius
             Chomatenus
          
           b
           in
           these
           words
           :
           c
           
             The
             Emperour
             being
             both
             in
             common
             estimation
             ,
             and
             in
             very
             truth
             a
             skilfull
             gouernour
             ,
             is
             president
             and
             giueth
             strength
             to
             synod
             all
             sentences
             ;
             he
             setteth
             Ecclesiasticall
             orders
             in
             forme
             ,
             he
             giueth
             law
             for
             the
             life
             and
             ciuil
             cariage
             of
             those
             who
             serue
             at
             the
             Altar
             .
          
           And
           againe
           :
           d
           
             to
             speake
             in
             one
             word
             ,
             the
             office
             of
             sacrificing
             only
             excepted
             ,
             the
             Emperour
             representeth
             the
             other
             priuiledges
             of
             a
             Bishop
             .
          
           And
           therefore
           St.
           Augustine
           e
           enu●ighed
           against
           the
           heresie
           of
           the
           Donatists
           ;
           in
           that
           they
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           the
           Church
           ought
           not
           to
           vse
           either
           lawes
           or
           any
           assistance
           from
           Princes
           .
           And
           that
           speech
           of
           Donatus
           f
           was
           iustly
           condemned
           .
           
             Quid
             est
             imperatoricum
             ecclesia
             ?
             What
             hath
             the
             Emperour
             to
             do
             with
             the
             Church
             ?
          
        
         
           Two
           parts
           in
           the
           Church
           may
           separatly
           be
           considered
           ,
           the
           externall
           forme
           ,
           which
           consisteth
           in
           the
           politicall
           gouernment
           thereof
           ;
           and
           the
           essentiall
           forme
           ,
           consisting
           in
           the
           true
           substance
           and
           foundation
           
           of
           faith
           .
           Concerning
           the
           first
           ,
           we
           may
           find
           many
           
           things
           aunciently
           ordered
           in
           the
           Church
           by
           Christian
           Emperours
           .
           For
           so
           Constantine
           g
           the
           great
           ,
           Anastatius
           h
           and
           Iustinian
           i
           the
           first
           established
           order
           ,
           for
           expence
           and
           forme
           of
           funerals
           .
           The
           Emperours
           
             Gratian
             ,
             Valentinian
          
           the
           second
           ,
           and
           Theodosius
           the
           great
           k
           ,
           prohibited
           that
           any
           corpes
           should
           be
           interred
           within
           the
           seates
           of
           the
           Apostles
           or
           Martyrs
           .
           Honorius
           and
           Theodosius
           ordeined
           ,
           how
           many
           Deacons
           should
           be
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Constantinople
           l
           ;
           and
           what
           immunities
           euery
           Church
           should
           enioy
           m
           .
           Leo
           and
           Anthemius
           forbad
           alienation
           of
           lands
           pertaining
           to
           the
           Church
           n
           .
           
             Valentinian
             ,
             Theodosius
          
           ,
           and
           Arcadius
           did
           prohibite
           o
           that
           any
           should
           be
           receiued
           for
           a
           Diaconisse
           ,
           who
           was
           not
           aged
           aboue
           fiftie
           yeeres
           ;
           which
           was
           afterwards
           confirmed
           by
           Iustinian
           p
           .
           Honorius
           and
           Arcadius
           forbad
           q
           ,
           that
           Clerkes
           should
           haue
           any
           thing
           to
           do
           with
           publike
           actions
           or
           pleas
           .
           Iustinian
           added
           r
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           absteine
           from
           play
           ,
           and
           from
           all
           open
           spectacles
           and
           shewes
           .
           Leo
           and
           Anthemius
           s
           enioyned
           Monkes
           and
           religious
           persons
           ,
           not
           to
           depart
           out
           of
           their
           Monasteries
           ,
           and
           to
           liue
           in
           that
           modesty
           and
           sincerity
           wherto
           the
           imperiall
           lawes
           did
           bind
           them
           :
           and
           that
           no
           Clergio
           man
           should
           be
           ordained
           by
           way
           of
           corruption
           t
           :
           or
           conuented
           in
           Iudgment
           ,
           in
           a
           place
           farre
           distant
           from
           his
           abode
           u
           .
           Iustinian
           ordained
           x
           ,
           that
           vpon
           a
           certaine
           day
           in
           the
           weeke
           Bishops
           should
           go
           and
           visite
           the
           prisons
           ,
           to
           enquire
           for
           what
           cause
           euery
           prisoner
           is
           detained
           ,
           and
           to
           admonish
           the
           Magistrates
           ,
           to
           execute
           iustice
           .
           In
           another
           constitution
           y
           he
           ordeined
           ,
           what
           manner
           of
           Clerkes
           should
           be
           ordained
           in
           the
           Church
           ;
           that
           Clerkes
           should
           not
           remoue
           themselues
           from
           a
           lesse
           Church
           ,
           to
           a
           greater
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           rents
           of
           the
           Church
           should
           be
           expended
           to
           godly
           vses
           and
           acts
           .
           Hee
           appointed
           also
           z
           the
           time
           for
           monasticall
           
           profession
           ,
           and
           the
           rules
           which
           Monkes
           should
           leade
           .
           He
           established
           his
           ordinance
           a
           for
           the
           election
           ,
           life
           and
           behauiour
           of
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           other
           Ecclesiasticall
           persons
           ;
           that
           they
           reside
           vpon
           their
           charge
           ;
           that
           they
           resort
           not
           to
           the
           Court
           ,
           except
           they
           be
           expressely
           called
           ;
           that
           they
           celebrate
           not
           diuine
           offices
           in
           any
           place
           which
           is
           not
           consecrated
           to
           the
           seruice
           of
           God.
           b
           He
           declared
           what
           causes
           should
           be
           lawfull
           for
           diuorce
           and
           separation
           of
           mariage
           c
           ;
           as
           Theodosius
           the
           yonger
           ,
           and
           Valent.
           the
           third
           had
           done
           before
           him
           d
           .
           He
           ordained
           also
           that
           the
           holy
           Scriptures
           should
           be
           read
           in
           the
           vulgar
           tongue
           ,
           and
           appointed
           what
           translations
           should
           be
           in
           vse
           e
           .
        
         
           It
           would
           bee
           both
           tedious
           and
           vnnecessarie
           to
           make
           long
           stay
           vpon
           rehersall
           of
           those
           imperiall
           lawes
           ,
           which
           haue
           bin
           both
           receiued
           and
           reuerenced
           for
           gouernment
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           For
           Iustinian
           professed
           f
           ,
           that
           by
           authoritie
           of
           the
           lawes
           ,
           both
           diuine
           and
           humane
           affaires
           were
           well
           ordered
           ;
           and
           againe
           ,
           g
           
             there
             is
             nothing
             but
             may
             be
             examined
             by
             authoritie
             of
             the
             Emperour
             ;
             for
             hee
             receiueth
             from
             God
             a
             generall
             principallitie
             and
             gouernment
             ouer
             all
             men
             .
          
           The
           same
           is
           acknowledge
           by
           Pope
           Gregorie
           ,
           in
           his
           epistle
           to
           Mauritius
           h
           :
           
             To
             this
             end
             is
             power
             ouer
             all
             persons
             giuen
             from
             heauen
             vnto
             my
             Lord
             ,
             for
             assistance
             of
             good
             men
             ,
             and
             enlargement
             of
             the
             way
             to
             heauen
             .
          
           Whereupon
           Espencaeus
           saith
           i
           ;
           that
           Gregorie
           the
           great
           did
           ingeniouslie
           acknowledge
           a
           soueraignetie
           in
           Emperours
           ouer
           priests
           .
           So
           Balsamon
           k
           hath
           said
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperours
           had
           power
           to
           appoint
           patriarchall
           seas
           ,
           
             according
             to
             the
             power
             giuen
             them
             from
             aboue
             .
          
           Whereto
           doth
           that
           of
           Isodore
           agree
           l
           ;
           
             Princes
             of
             the
             world
             haue
             their
             authoritie
             and
             power
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             that
             the
             ecclesiasticall
             discipline
             should
             bee
             held
             in
             strength
             ;
             that
             they
             who
             will
             not
             obserue
             it
             by
             admonition
             of
             the
             priest
             ,
             should
             be
             constrained
             by
             force
             of
             the
             Magistrate
             .
          
           Yea
           ,
           diuers
           
           of
           the
           papall
           decrees
           ,
           for
           ordering
           of
           Ecclesiasticall
           
           affaires
           ,
           were
           lawes
           made
           by
           Christian
           Emperours
           ;
           of
           which
           lawes
           many
           are
           yet
           extant
           in
           the
           Codex
           of
           Theodosius
           .
           The
           Canon
           Iudicantem
           m
           ,
           expressing
           the
           office
           of
           a
           Iudge
           in
           cognisance
           of
           causes
           ,
           attributed
           by
           Gratian
           to
           Pope
           Eleutherius
           ,
           was
           made
           by
           the
           Emperor
           Constantine
           n
           .
           The
           Canon
           ,
           
             si
             quis
             Iratus
          
           o
           ,
           attributed
           to
           Pope
           Fabian
           ,
           against
           accusers
           ,
           is
           a
           law
           of
           the
           same
           Emperour
           Constantine
           ,
           in
           the
           Codex
           of
           Theodosius
           .
           The
           Canons
           which
           goe
           vnder
           the
           names
           of
           the
           same
           Fabian
           p
           ,
           of
           Sixtus
           q
           ,
           and
           of
           Hadrian
           r
           ,
           concerning
           the
           same
           subiect
           ,
           are
           found
           to
           bee
           made
           by
           Gratian
           the
           sonne
           of
           Valentinian
           the
           first
           .
           The
           decrees
           of
           Pope
           Caius
           s
           ,
           and
           of
           Pope
           Iohn
           t
           ,
           for
           restitution
           of
           Church
           goods
           ,
           taken
           from
           Bishops
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           forced
           from
           their
           sea
           ,
           are
           the
           Edictes
           of
           the
           same
           Emperour
           Gratian.
           The
           Canon
           
             qui
             ratione
          
           u
           attributed
           to
           Pope
           Damasus
           ,
           for
           order
           in
           accusations
           ,
           is
           comprised
           in
           
             Theodosius
             Code
          
           ,
           vnder
           the
           name
           of
           the
           same
           Emperour
           .
           The
           Canon
           nullus
           x
           ,
           vnder
           the
           name
           of
           Pelagius
           was
           made
           by
           the
           Emperours
           Honorius
           and
           Arcadius
           .
           The
           Canon
           quisquis
           y
           ,
           vnder
           the
           name
           of
           Eutychian
           ,
           was
           promulged
           by
           the
           Emperours
           Honorius
           and
           Theodosius
           .
           The
           Canon
           consanguineos
           z
           ,
           for
           separation
           of
           marriage
           contracted
           within
           the
           prohibited
           degrees
           of
           consanguinity
           ,
           is
           a
           constitution
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Constantine
           the
           great
           .
           The
           Canon
           Priuiligia
           a
           ,
           for
           confirmation
           of
           the
           priuiledges
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           vnder
           the
           name
           of
           Anacletus
           ,
           is
           a
           constitution
           of
           the
           Emperours
           Theodosius
           and
           Valentinian
           .
           In
           a
           word
           ,
           the
           volume
           of
           decrees
           is
           filled
           with
           diuers
           constitutions
           of
           Christian
           Emperours
           ,
           either
           assumed
           by
           Popes
           ,
           or
           attributed
           vnto
           them
           ,
           without
           expressing
           either
           the
           name
           or
           authoritie
           of
           the
           Emperours
           .
           And
           touching
           the
           rest
           ,
           
           Pope
           Honorius
           b
           acknowledged
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           by
           decree
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Iustinian
           c
           ,
           that
           the
           Canons
           of
           th●
           Fathers
           should
           haue
           the
           force
           of
           lawes
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           when
           any
           difference
           did
           arise
           in
           matters
           of
           faith
           ;
           when
           any
           great
           schisme
           or
           disturbance
           was
           maintained
           in
           the
           church
           ;
           the
           Emperours
           did
           vse
           to
           assemble
           their
           Bishops
           in
           common
           Councell
           ,
           and
           
           those
           things
           that
           were
           by
           them
           decreed
           ,
           were
           afterwards
           confirmed
           by
           Imperiall
           constitution
           .
           So
           Nicephorus
           d
           and
           Eusebius
           e
           doe
           write
           ,
           that
           Constantine
           the
           great
           ,
           hauing
           imployed
           Hosius
           Bishop
           of
           Corduba
           ,
           for
           composing
           the
           difference
           betwixt
           Alexander
           Bishop
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           Arrius
           ;
           wherewith
           the
           
           Church
           was
           exceedingly
           disturbed
           ;
           and
           perceiuing
           his
           good
           purpose
           thereby
           nothing
           aduanced
           ;
           assembled
           by
           his
           authority
           the
           Councel
           of
           Nice
           in
           Bithynia
           ,
           which
           he
           honored
           with
           his
           presence
           ,
           and
           defrayed
           the
           charge
           of
           308.
           
           Bishops
           that
           were
           called
           to
           that
           Councell
           .
           Of
           whom
           Eustachius
           Bishop
           of
           Antioch
           ,
           or
           rather
           (
           as
           the
           Canon
           law
           affirmeth
           f
           )
           Constantine
           himselfe
           was
           president
           g
           .
           The
           forme
           of
           faith
           agreed
           vpon
           in
           this
           Councell
           ,
           was
           presently
           confirmed
           by
           Constantine
           ,
           and
           both
           imparted
           and
           imposed
           vpon
           others
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           bin
           present
           ;
           and
           charge
           giuen
           vnder
           paine
           of
           death
           ,
           that
           none
           should
           secretly
           preserue
           any
           of
           the
           bookes
           of
           Arrius
           from
           the
           fire
           h
           .
           Afterwards
           the
           same
           faith
           was
           both
           declared
           and
           confirmed
           by
           constitution
           of
           the
           Emperours
           
             Gratian
             ,
             Valentinian
          
           and
           Theodosius
           i
           .
        
         
           The
           generall
           Councel
           of
           Constantinople
           was
           assembled
           against
           the
           heresie
           of
           Macedonius
           ,
           by
           Theodosius
           k
           the
           great
           .
           The
           Bishops
           assembled
           in
           this
           Councel
           wrote
           thus
           in
           humble
           maner
           vnto
           the
           Emperour
           Theodosius
           ;
           l
           
             We
             beseech
             your
             Maiestie
             ,
             that
             as
             you
             haue
             honored
             the
             Church
             ,
             by
             your
             letters
             ,
             wherewith
             
             you
             haue
             called
             vs
             together
             ,
             so
             it
             may
             please
             you
             to
             confirme
             the
             finall
             conclusion
             of
             our
             decrees
             with
             your
             sentence
             ,
             and
             with
             your
             seale
             .
          
        
         
           The
           generall
           Councell
           of
           Ephesus
           was
           assembled
           by
           authoritie
           of
           Theodosius
           the
           yonger
           m
           against
           the
           heresie
           of
           Nestorius
           .
           The
           decrees
           of
           this
           Councell
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           decrees
           of
           the
           Councell
           of
           Nice
           ,
           containing
           the
           profession
           of
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           was
           confirmed
           by
           a
           constitution
           of
           Theodosius
           and
           Valentinian
           n
           ,
           whereby
           also
           the
           writings
           of
           Nestorius
           are
           condemned
           to
           the
           fire
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           generall
           Councell
           was
           appointed
           by
           authoritie
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Martian
           o
           ,
           first
           to
           be
           held
           at
           Nice
           ,
           afterwards
           vpon
           certaine
           occasions
           it
           was
           assembled
           at
           Chalcedon
           .
           In
           this
           Councel
           ,
           Euagrius
           p
           writeth
           ,
           that
           both
           the
           Bishops
           and
           temporall
           Iudges
           did
           oftentimes
           suspend
           their
           decrees
           in
           this
           sort
           ;
           
             Vnto
             vs
             it
             seemeth
             right
          
           q
           ,
           
             if
             it
             shall
             also
             like
             our
             most
             vertuous
             and
             godly
             Lord
             the
             Emperour
             .
          
           And
           in
           the
           end
           it
           is
           thus
           concluded
           ;
           r
           
             all
             our
             doings
             being
             referred
             to
             the
             Emperours
             Maiestie
             .
          
           Lastly
           ,
           the
           decrees
           of
           this
           Councell
           touching
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           were
           confirmed
           by
           a
           publike
           constitution
           of
           the
           same
           Emperour
           Martian
           s
           .
        
         
           The
           fifth
           
             oecumenicall
             Councell
          
           was
           assembled
           by
           Iustinian
           the
           first
           t
           ;
           and
           the
           sixth
           by
           Constantine
           the
           third
           ;
           both
           of
           them
           in
           the
           Citie
           of
           Constantinople
           .
           The
           last
           of
           these
           Councels
           Constantine
           subscribed
           ,
           after
           that
           he
           had
           commaunded
           that
           ten
           Bishops
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           and
           ten
           of
           the
           West
           should
           repaire
           to
           his
           Court
           ,
           and
           open
           to
           him
           the
           decrees
           of
           the
           Councell
           :
           u
           
             That
             he
             might
             consider
          
           (
           saith
           
             Sozomenus
             )
             whether
             they
             were
             agreed
             according
             to
             the
             Scriptures
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             might
             further
             determine
             and
             conclude
             what
             were
             best
             to
             be
             done
             .
          
        
         
           In
           briefe
           ,
           Cardinall
           Cusanus
           x
           doth
           acknowledge
           
           that
           he
           did
           euermore
           find
           y
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperours
           and
           their
           Iudges
           ,
           with
           the
           Senate
           ,
           
             had
             the
             primacie
             ,
             and
             office
             of
             presidence
             in
             the
             eight
             generall
             Councels
             .
          
           In
           regard
           whereof
           Odoacer
           z
           did
           in
           this
           sort
           expostulate
           with
           Pope
           Symachus
           ,
           and
           the
           Clergie
           of
           Rome
           .
           a
           
             We
             marueile
             that
             any
             thing
             hath
             been
             attempted
             without
             vs
             ;
             for
             without
             vs
             nothing
             should
             haue
             been
             done
             ,
             our
             Priest
             being
             aliue
             .
          
           In
           like
           manner
           Nicephorus
           b
           did
           write
           to
           the
           Emperour
           
             Emanuel
             Paleologus
          
           ;
           c
           
             You
             are
             the
             captaine
             of
             the
             profession
             of
             our
             faith
             ,
             you
             haue
             reformed
             the
             Temple
             of
             God
             from
             Marchants
             and
             exchangers
             of
             the
             heauenly
             doctrine
             ,
             and
             from
             heretickes
             ,
             by
             the
             word
             of
             God.
             
          
        
         
           During
           this
           time
           ,
           a
           stiffe
           strife
           did
           arise
           betwixt
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Constantinople
           (
           as
           did
           once
           among
           the
           Disciples
           of
           Christ
           d
           )
           whether
           of
           them
           should
           be
           greatest
           .
           In
           the
           Councell
           of
           Nice
           it
           had
           been
           decreed
           e
           ,
           that
           the
           first
           place
           should
           be
           giuen
           to
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           ,
           the
           second
           to
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           to
           Antioch
           :
           for
           the
           Citie
           
           of
           Constantinople
           at
           that
           time
           was
           not
           built
           ,
           neither
           was
           Hierusalem
           then
           a
           patriarchall
           Sea.
           But
           after
           that
           Constantinople
           was
           aduanced
           to
           be
           the
           head
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           the
           Bishop
           thereof
           did
           claime
           prerogatiue
           before
           all
           the
           rest
           ;
           affirming
           ,
           as
           Platina
           ,
           f
           and
           out
           of
           him
           g
           Sabellicus
           doe
           write
           ,
           that
           where
           the
           head
           of
           the
           Empire
           was
           ,
           there
           also
           should
           be
           the
           principall
           Sea.
           The
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           answered
           ,
           that
           the
           Citie
           of
           Rome
           ,
           from
           whence
           a
           colonie
           was
           brought
           to
           Constantinople
           ,
           was
           in
           right
           to
           be
           esteemed
           the
           head
           of
           the
           Empire
           :
           for
           the
           Graecians
           did
           vse
           to
           stile
           their
           Prince
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           Emperour
           of
           the
           Romans
           :
           and
           they
           themselues
           were
           also
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           Romans
           .
        
         
           
           In
           this
           contention
           Platina
           h
           affirmeth
           ;
           that
           diuers
           Emperours
           fauoured
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Constantinople
           .
           In
           the
           Councell
           of
           Chalcedon
           l
           it
           was
           decreed
           ,
           
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           Constantinople
           should
           stand
           in
           one
           degree
           of
           dignitie
           ,
           and
           enioy
           equall
           priuiledge
           with
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           The
           same
           equalitie
           was
           also
           decreed
           in
           the
           second
           Councell
           of
           Constantinople
           k
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           by
           constitution
           of
           Honorius
           and
           Theodosius
           l
           .
           By
           a
           constitution
           of
           Leo
           and
           Athemius
           m
           ,
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Constantinople
           is
           declared
           to
           haue
           precedence
           of
           place
           n
           before
           all
           others
           :
           which
           law
           was
           alleadged
           by
           Photius
           o
           to
           confirme
           the
           primacie
           of
           the
           Patriarch
           of
           Constantinople
           p
           .
           Iustinian
           declareth
           q
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           Constanti●nople
           was
           the
           head
           of
           all
           other
           Churches
           .
           Which
           constitution
           is
           omitted
           in
           some
           editions
           of
           
             Iustinians
             Code
             .
             Mauritius
          
           r
           admonished
           Gregorie
           the
           first
           ,
           to
           beare
           obedience
           to
           Iohn
           Bishop
           of
           Constantinople
           .
        
         
           Afterwards
           ,
           Pope
           Gregorie
           the
           third
           ,
           with
           much
           adoe
           (
           as
           Platina
           writeth
           )
           obtained
           of
           
             Phocas
             ▪
          
           Emperour
           ,
           or
           rather
           (
           as
           Zonoras
           and
           
             P.
             Diaconus
          
           s
           do
           discribe
           him
           )
           the
           wilde
           ,
           drunken
           ,
           bloodie
           ,
           adulterous
           tyrant
           of
           Constantinople
           ,
           that
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           
           should
           be
           the
           chiefe
           of
           all
           other
           Churches
           .
           But
           this
           was
           an
           errour
           in
           the
           Emperours
           of
           Constantinople
           ;
           first
           ,
           to
           settle
           so
           great
           dignitie
           and
           prerogatiue
           in
           a
           place
           ,
           far
           distant
           from
           the
           principal
           seat
           and
           strength
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           to
           permit
           affaires
           of
           so
           high
           nature
           to
           depend
           vpon
           direction
           of
           any
           one
           within
           their
           Empire
           .
           For
           ,
           by
           this
           meanes
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           did
           steale
           into
           such
           strength
           with
           the
           common
           people
           ,
           that
           by
           their
           Interdictions
           only
           ,
           they
           were
           of
           power
           to
           withdraw
           them
           from
           paying
           tribute
           ,
           and
           bearing
           alleagance
           to
           the
           Emperours
           of
           Constantinople
           :
           vpon
           occasion
           ,
           that
           Leo
           surnamed
           Iconomachus
           ,
           had
           caused
           the
           Images
           of
           Saints
           to
           be
           taken
           downe
           .
           Finally
           ,
           they
           pulled
           the
           west-part
           of
           the
           Empire
           from
           their
           subiection
           ,
           and
           left
           the
           residue
           ,
           
           with
           that
           mortall
           maime
           ,
           to
           be
           a
           pray
           to
           the
           barbarous
           infidels
           .
        
         
           
           The
           west
           Empire
           flourished
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           first
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           in
           Germanie
           ;
           and
           the
           most
           apparant
           cause
           whereby
           it
           was
           broken
           and
           beaten
           downe
           ,
           was
           the
           absolute
           &
           vnlimited
           power
           ,
           which
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           challenged
           ,
           principally
           in
           Ecclesiasticall
           affaires
           ,
           and
           consequently
           in
           all
           .
           For
           ,
           by
           entitling
           themselues
           the
           Vicars
           of
           Iesus
           Christ
           ;
           the
           Spouse
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           the
           Soueraigne
           Bishop
           ,
           and
           Prince
           of
           all
           others
           ;
           the
           Maisters
           and
           Lords
           of
           all
           the
           world
           ;
           (
           for
           these
           are
           the
           titles
           which
           Innocent
           the
           third
           ,
           Boniface
           the
           eight
           ,
           Clement
           the
           fifth
           and
           diuers
           others
           haue
           assumed
           )
           by
           exempting
           also
           both
           the
           persons
           and
           goods
           of
           all
           the
           Clergie
           ,
           frō
           secular
           subiection
           ;
           and
           by
           binding
           all
           men
           to
           their
           obedience
           ,
           in
           matters
           which
           concerne
           the
           soule
           ;
           they
           haue
           alwaies
           been
           able
           to
           stirre
           vp
           ,
           not
           onlie
           weightie
           warres
           against
           the
           Emperours
           ,
           but
           also
           most
           stiffe
           and
           vnnatural
           rebellions
           .
           Which
           disordered
           demeanour
           Carion
           accounteth
           the
           only
           cause
           ,
           
           that
           brought
           the
           Empire
           to
           a
           feeble
           state
           .
        
         
           So
           Iohn
           the
           third
           combined
           with
           Berengar
           the
           third
           ,
           aud
           Adalbar
           his
           sonne
           ,
           who
           pretended
           themselues
           to
           be
           Kings
           of
           Italy
           ,
           to
           make
           head
           against
           the
           Emperour
           Otho
           the
           great
           .
           Pope
           Iohn
           the
           eighteenth
           made
           league
           with
           Crescentius
           ,
           and
           mutined
           the
           people
           against
           the
           Emperour
           Otho
           the
           third
           .
           Benedict
           .
           9.
           to
           stay
           Henrie
           the
           blacke
           from
           entering
           into
           Italy
           ,
           stirred
           Peter
           King
           of
           Hungarie
           to
           beare
           himselfe
           for
           Emperour
           ;
           to
           whom
           he
           sent
           a
           crowne
           with
           this
           inscription
           .
        
         
           
             Petra
             dedit
             Romam
             Petro
             ,
             tibi
             Papa
             coronam
             .
             Gregorie
          
           the
           seuenth
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           first
           that
           enterprised
           to
           cause
           himselfe
           to
           be
           elected
           and
           consecrated
           ,
           without
           the
           consent
           and
           against
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           
           Emperour
           ;
           and
           who
           set
           forth
           a
           decree
           ,
           whereby
           he
           excommunicated
           all
           those
           who
           should
           affirme
           ,
           that
           either
           the
           consent
           or
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Emperour
           was
           herein
           necessarie
           ;
           opposed
           against
           the
           Emperour
           Henrie
           the
           fourth
           ,
           first
           Rodulph
           Duke
           of
           Suauie
           ,
           giuing
           charge
           to
           the
           Archbishops
           of
           Men●s
           and
           of
           Collen
           to
           consecrate
           him
           Emperour
           :
           to
           whom
           also
           he
           sent
           a
           crowne
           with
           this
           inscription
           .
        
         
           Petra
           dedit
           Petro
           ,
           Petrus
           diadema
           Rudolpho
           .
        
         
           Afterwards
           ,
           weary
           of
           nothing
           so
           much
           as
           of
           quiet
           ,
           he
           stirred
           Ecbert
           Marquis
           of
           Saxonie
           against
           the
           same
           Emperour
           .
           Galasius
           the
           twelfth
           raised
           against
           Henrie
           the
           fifth
           Emperour
           ,
           the
           most
           part
           of
           his
           subiects
           ,
           and
           especially
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           Ments
           ;
           whom
           he
           so
           strongly
           seconded
           with
           the
           Normanes
           that
           were
           in
           Sicilie
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           was
           constrained
           to
           quit
           his
           quarrell
           ,
           and
           to
           yeeld
           the
           collation
           of
           Bishoprickes
           to
           the
           Pope
           .
           Innocent
           the
           second
           raised
           against
           Lothaire
           the
           twelfth
           ,
           Roger
           the
           Norman
           ,
           whom
           he
           inuested
           in
           the
           Duchie
           of
           Pouille
           ,
           which
           the
           Emperour
           claimed
           to
           be
           a
           fiffe
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           At
           the
           last
           the
           contention
           was
           composed
           by
           mediation
           of
           S.
           Bernard
           ,
           who
           then
           liued
           ,
           and
           was
           with
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           wherein
           the
           Pope
           sped
           so
           well
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           ioyned
           with
           the
           Emperour
           in
           holding
           Bauier
           .
           The
           same
           Innocent
           the
           second
           raised
           Guelphus
           Duke
           of
           Bauier
           against
           Conrade
           the
           third
           ,
           whom
           hee
           aided
           with
           monie
           and
           all
           other
           conuenient
           meanes
           .
           
           This
           warre
           was
           so
           villanouslie
           cruell
           ,
           that
           it
           giue
           beginning
           to
           the
           two
           factions
           of
           the
           Guelphes
           ,
           who
           tooke
           their
           name
           from
           this
           Duke
           of
           Bauier
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           Gibelins
           ,
           so
           called
           of
           Wi●bling
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           place
           where
           the
           Emperour
           Conrade
           had
           bin
           brought
           vp
           .
        
         
           Against
           
             Fredericke
             Bar●arossa
          
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           
             Conrade
             ,
             
             Hadrian
          
           the
           fourth
           raised
           them
           of
           Milan
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Lumbards
           ;
           Alexander
           the
           third
           stirred
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Saxon
           and
           of
           Austrich
           ,
           aiding
           them
           with
           all
           his
           power
           to
           intertaine
           disquiet
           in
           Almaine
           .
           Pope
           Celestine
           the
           third
           excōmunicated
           Henrie
           the
           sixth
           Emperour
           ,
           the
           successour
           and
           sonne
           of
           
             Fredericke
             Barbarossa
          
           ;
           and
           depriued
           him
           of
           all
           his
           dignities
           :
           making
           this
           the
           meanes
           to
           auoide
           him
           out
           of
           Italie
           into
           Almaine
           .
           Against
           Philip
           ,
           brother
           vnto
           Henerie
           the
           sixth
           ,
           Pope
           Innocent
           the
           third
           caused
           Otho
           Duke
           of
           Saxonie
           
             to
             be
             elected
             Emperour
          
           ;
           whereby
           the
           Empire
           was
           embroiled
           with
           a
           bloodie
           warre
           .
           Against
           Fredericke
           the
           second
           ,
           Pope
           Honorins
           the
           third
           raised
           the
           Lumbards
           in
           rebellion
           ,
           adioyning
           the
           Sic●ians
           to
           the
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           other
           Italians
           .
           All
           these
           troubles
           were
           so
           tempestuous
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           Radulph
           of
           Haspurge
           could
           neuer
           be
           perswaded
           to
           passe
           the
           Alpes
           for
           his
           coronation
           ;
           affirming
           ,
           that
           Italie
           was
           the
           denne
           of
           the
           Lion
           ,
           whereof
           the
           entrance
           was
           faire
           ,
           but
           the
           issue
           fearefull
           .
        
         
           Clement
           the
           fifth
           armed
           and
           opposed
           Rebert
           King
           of
           Sicilie
           against
           the
           Emperour
           Henrie
           the
           seuenth
           ;
           because
           hee
           would
           not
           doe
           homage
           and
           sweare
           faith
           to
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           :
           and
           in
           the
           end
           caused
           him
           to
           bee
           empoisoned
           by
           a
           Iacob●e
           ,
           in
           giuing
           him
           the
           sacred
           host
           .
           What
           troubles
           had
           Lewes
           of
           Bauier
           against
           Frederick
           of
           Austrich
           ,
           who
           was
           elected
           Emperour
           at
           the
           same
           time
           with
           him
           ,
           by
           the
           faction
           of
           Pope
           Iohn
           the
           22
           ?
           The
           same
           troubles
           were
           continued
           by
           Pope
           Clement
           the
           sixth
           ,
           who
           caused
           Charles
           the
           fourth
           King
           of
           Boheme
           ,
           to
           be
           elected
           Emperour
           ;
           and
           yet
           he
           could
           not
           enioy
           the
           Empire
           vntill
           after
           the
           decease
           of
           Lewes
           .
           This
           Charles
           was
           a
           weake
           Prine
           ,
           both
           in
           counsaile
           and
           courage
           ;
           who
           in
           fauour
           
           of
           the
           Popes
           did
           extreamely
           both
           enfeeble
           and
           abase
           the
           Empire
           of
           Rome
           .
           Nauclerus
           writeth
           ,
           
           that
           he
           entred
           the
           citie
           of
           Rome
           on
           foote
           ,
           in
           derision
           whereof
           a
           certaine
           Senatour
           began
           a
           speech
           which
           he
           made
           to
           the
           people
           with
           these
           words
           :
           
             Ecce
             Rex
             tuus
             venit
             tibi
             mansuetus
             ;
             Petrarch
             ,
          
           who
           liued
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           did
           also
           write
           betweene
           scorne
           and
           disdaine
           of
           this
           deiection
           of
           the
           imperiall
           Ma●estie
           .
        
         
           I
           omit
           the
           tragedies
           which
           Eugenius
           the
           fourth
           raised
           against
           the
           Emperour
           Sigismond
           ,
           principally
           to
           impeach
           the
           Councell
           of
           Basil.
           I
           omit
           that
           which
           Paul
           the
           second
           did
           to
           chase
           Frederick
           the
           third
           out
           of
           Italie
           .
           Generally
           they
           alwaies
           endeauoured
           to
           endomage
           the
           Emperors
           ;
           not
           onely
           as
           hating
           them
           ,
           (
           for
           so
           Gu●cc●ardine
           a
           saith
           y●
           it
           grew
           into
           a
           proue●b
           ;
           
             It
             is
             proper
             to
             the
             Church
             to
             hate
             the
             Caesars
          
           )
           but
           as
           fearing
           to
           be
           endomaged
           by
           them
           .
           In
           the
           end
           ,
           partly
           by
           opposing
           enemies
           ,
           and
           partly
           by
           raysing
           rebellions
           against
           the
           Emperours
           ,
           the
           Popes
           haue
           bin
           able
           to
           expell
           their
           gouernment
           out
           of
           Italy
           .
           Whereof
           our
           countrie
           man
           Sanderi
           b
           in
           this
           sort
           hath
           written
           :
           
             It
             is
             a
             thing
             more
             admirable
             then
             can
             be
             vtte●ed
             ,
             and
             able
             to
             make
             a
             man
             astonished
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             most
             puissant
             Emperours
             did
             for
             many
             ages
             display
             all
             their
             forces
             to
             no
             purpose
             ,
             for
             driuing
             the
             Roman
             Bishops
             from
             the
             citie
             of
             Rome
             ;
             now
             to
             the
             contrarie
             ,
             the
             Roman
             Bishops
             without
             any
             power
             ,
             haue
             remoued
             the
             Roman
             Emperours
             from
             the
             tower
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             made
             themselues
             Lords
             of
             the
             Palaces
             of
             Caesars
             ,
             and
             turned
             the
             whole
             citie
             into
             their
             proper
             power
             .
          
        
         
           This
           is
           true
           (
           Master
           Sanders
           )
           which
           you
           haue
           said
           ;
           but
           neither
           is
           it
           worthie
           of
           any
           wonder
           ,
           neither
           i●
           it
           all
           that
           which
           the
           Popes
           haue
           done
           .
           What
           maruaile
           is
           it
           that
           most
           puissant
           Emperours
           could
           never
           preuaile
           against
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           ,
           when
           their
           
           
           
           
           
           owne
           subiects
           were
           persuaded
           ,
           that
           they
           drew
           their
           swordes
           against
           heauen
           ,
           and
           made
           offer
           (
           like
           those
           Giants
           of
           whom
           the
           Poets
           write
           )
           to
           scale
           the
           skies
           ,
           and
           to
           pull
           God
           out
           of
           his
           throne
           ?
           Where
           subiects
           haue
           bin
           of
           other
           opiniō
           ,
           there
           Princes
           haue
           preuailed
           against
           many
           Popes
           .
           Againe
           ,
           what
           necessity
           had
           the
           Popes
           to
           vse
           force
           of
           armes
           ,
           when
           the
           consciences
           of
           men
           were
           vnder
           their
           commaund
           ?
           whilest
           this
           rule
           held
           good
           ,
           cloisters
           and
           Colledges
           were
           in
           stead
           of
           Castles
           vnto
           them
           ;
           and
           religious
           persons
           were
           in
           steed
           of
           many
           armies
           .
           These
           were
           their
           garrisons
           ,
           these
           their
           soldiers
           ;
           these
           quelled
           the
           courage
           of
           all
           their
           enemies
           ,
           by
           thundring
           forth
           threats
           against
           those
           who
           disobeyed
           them
           ;
           not
           of
           death
           ,
           which
           might
           be
           peraduenture
           either
           contemned
           or
           else
           auoyded
           ;
           but
           of
           damnation
           ,
           which
           as
           it
           is
           most
           terrible
           ,
           so
           was
           it
           held
           for
           this
           cause
           vnauoydable
           .
           For
           so
           Boniface
           the
           eight
           decreed
           ,
           
           that
           vpon
           necessitie
           of
           saluation
           all
           men
           must
           be
           subiect
           to
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           .
           These
           forces
           were
           plāted
           within
           euery
           state
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           might
           any
           state
           be
           supplanted
           :
        
         
           By
           these
           meanes
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           were
           easily
           able
           ,
           not
           onelie
           to
           driue
           the
           Romane
           Emperours
           from
           the
           chiefe
           tower
           and
           seate
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           but
           also
           ,
           making
           one
           wrong
           the
           cause
           of
           another
           ,
           to
           reduce
           them
           to
           a
           very
           low
           degree
           ,
           both
           of
           power
           and
           of
           authoritie
           within
           Almaine
           ;
           and
           to
           hold
           them
           as
           no
           better
           then
           vassalls
           to
           their
           Sea.
           *
           For
           ,
           after
           that
           eight
           Emperours
           had
           been
           excōmunicate
           by
           Popes
           ;
           Namely
           ,
           Frederick
           the
           first
           ,
           Frederick
           the
           second
           .
           
             Philip
             ,
             Conrade
             ,
             Othe
          
           the
           fourth
           ,
           Lawes
           of
           Bauaria
           ,
           Henri●
           the
           fourth
           ,
           and
           Henri●
           the
           fifth
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           occasion
           enough
           for
           their
           subiects
           to
           reuolt
           ,
           and
           for
           other
           Princes
           to
           inuade
           )
           the
           succeding
           Emperours
           ,
           partly
           
           vnwilling
           ,
           but
           principally
           vnable
           to
           sustaine
           so
           sad
           and
           heauie
           blowes
           ,
           submitted
           themselues
           to
           the
           papall
           power
           ;
           renounced
           the
           right
           ,
           which
           by
           long
           custome
           they
           claimed
           ,
           in
           election
           of
           the
           Pope
           and
           of
           other
           Bishops
           .
           And
           to
           the
           contrarie
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           Charles
           the
           fourth
           ,
           acknowledged
           by
           his
           letters
           Patents
           ,
           *
           that
           although
           he
           was
           elected
           Emperour
           by
           the
           Princes
           ,
           yet
           hee
           was
           to
           bee
           confirmed
           by
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           to
           receiue
           the
           Imperial
           crowne
           from
           him
           .
           Whereupon
           Pope
           Pius
           the
           fifth
           ,
           did
           sharpely
           rebuke
           the
           Emperour
           Ferdinand
           by
           his
           Legat
           ,
           for
           neglecting
           to
           receiue
           of
           him
           the
           Imperial
           Crowne
           ;
           neither
           would
           he
           admit
           the
           Emperours
           excuse
           ,
           but
           had
           proceeded
           by
           excommunication
           to
           compel
           him
           ,
           had
           he
           not
           by
           entreaty
           of
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           and
           of
           King
           Philip
           of
           Spaine
           the
           Emperours
           kinseman
           ,
           been
           otherwise
           appeased
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           forme
           of
           the
           coronation
           of
           the
           Emperours
           ,
           which
           was
           approued
           by
           the
           Emperour
           Charles
           the
           fourth
           ,
           and
           is
           kept
           in
           the
           Vaticane
           at
           Rome
           ,
           many
           seruile
           ceremonies
           are
           contained
           .
           As
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           supplieth
           the
           office
           of
           a
           subdeacon
           ,
           in
           ministring
           to
           the
           Pope
           when
           he
           saith
           Masse
           ;
           and
           that
           after
           diume
           seruice
           he
           holdeth
           the
           stirtop
           ,
           whilest
           the
           Pope
           mounteth
           to
           horse
           ;
           and
           for
           a
           certaine
           space
           leadeth
           his
           horse
           by
           the
           bridle
           .
           Adde
           heereto
           the
           kissing
           of
           the
           Popes
           feete
           ,
           as
           Charles
           the
           fifth
           did
           ,
           at
           Bononia
           ,
           at
           Rome
           ,
           and
           last
           of
           all
           at
           Marsielles
           in
           Prouence
           ,
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           diuers
           other
           great
           Princes
           :
           adde
           their
           humb●e
           subscriptions
           to
           the
           Pope
           ;
           
             I
             kisse
             the
             hands
             and
             feete
             of
             your
             holinesse
             :
          
           adde
           that
           they
           must
           seeke
           the
           Pope
           for
           receiuing
           the
           Imperiall
           crowne
           ,
           whereforuer
           he
           shall
           be
           ;
           and
           follow
           him
           if
           he
           chance
           to
           remoue
           :
           with
           diuers
           like
           tokens
           and
           testimonies
           of
           de●ection
           of
           the
           Maiesty
           of
           that
           State
           ,
           
           and
           subiection
           thereof
           to
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           .
           For
           further
           declaration
           whereof
           ,
           
           during
           the
           life
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           the
           Popes
           challenge
           to
           be
           his
           Iudge
           ;
           and
           the
           Emperiall
           feate
           being
           void
           ,
           they
           claime
           the
           exercise
           of
           Imperiall
           power
           ,
           and
           haue
           giuen
           inuestitures
           and
           receiued
           fealtie
           ,
           of
           those
           who
           held
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           as
           of
           Iohn
           and
           Luchi●
           ,
           Vicounts
           of
           Milane
           .
           *
           For
           which
           cause
           the
           Canonists
           also
           (
           who
           set
           vp
           these
           strings
           to
           the
           highest
           strame
           )
           doe
           maintaine
           opinion
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           cannot
           resigne
           his
           Imperiall
           dignitie
           to
           any
           other
           then
           the
           Pope
           :
           and
           that
           it
           is
           a
           streine
           of
           heresie
           *
           ,
           not
           to
           beleeue
           that
           the
           Emperor
           is
           subiect
           to
           the
           Pope
           :
           and
           that
           the
           Emperour
           is
           but
           the
           Popes
           Minister
           *
           ,
           to
           vse
           his
           sword
           only
           at
           his
           becke
           .
           Lastlie
           ,
           Pope
           Clement
           the
           fifth
           ,
           expressely
           declared
           by
           decree
           *
           ,
           that
           the
           oath
           which
           the
           Emperour
           maketh
           to
           the
           Pope
           ,
           is
           no
           other
           then
           an
           oath
           of
           fealtie
           .
        
         
           
           Neither
           hath
           it
           been
           against
           the
           Empire
           only
           ,
           that
           the
           Popes
           haue
           had
           this
           power
           to
           preuaile
           ,
           but
           against
           diuers
           other
           Christian
           countries
           ;
           in
           so
           much
           as
           they
           haue
           claimed
           to
           hold
           ,
           either
           as
           feudataries
           or
           as
           trubutaties
           to
           their
           Sea
           ,
           the
           kingdomes
           of
           
             Naples
             ,
             Sicilie
             ,
             Hierusalem
             ,
             Sardinia
             ,
             Corsica
             ,
             Arragon
             ,
             Portugale
             ,
             Nauarre
             ,
             Ireland
             ,
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             Poland
             ,
             Hungarie
             .
          
           to
           which
           Cuiacius
           t
           adioyneth
           the
           kingdome
           of
           France
           ,
           which
           Pope
           Boniface
           the
           eight
           ,
           declared
           to
           be
           deuolued
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           for
           the
           contempt
           and
           disobedience
           of
           King
           Philip
           the
           faire
           .
           And
           Pope
           Alexander
           the
           sixt
           in
           diuiding
           the
           late
           discouered
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           betweene
           the
           Kings
           of
           Castile
           and
           Portugale
           ,
           expressely
           reserued
           to
           his
           Sea
           ,
           the
           Iurisdiction
           and
           soueraignety
           of
           them
           ,
           by
           consent
           of
           both
           Kings
           ;
           who
           from
           that
           time
           became
           his
           vassals
           ,
           of
           all
           the
           purchases
           and
           conquests
           which
           before
           
           they
           had
           atchieued
           ,
           or
           intended
           to
           enterprise
           in
           times
           to
           ensue
           .
           Generally
           ,
           they
           do
           challenge
           temporall
           soueraigntie
           in
           all
           countries
           u
           ;
           habitually
           at
           the
           least
           ;
           which
           at
           pleasure
           they
           may
           produce
           into
           act
           x
           ,
           whereby
           the
           subiects
           of
           any
           State
           may
           haue
           recourse
           vnto
           them
           y
           ;
           to
           some
           complaint
           or
           suite
           against
           their
           Prince
           z
           ;
           to
           be
           relieued
           or
           protected
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           receiue
           priuiledges
           and
           immunities
           at
           their
           hands
           a
           .
           Whereby
           also
           they
           may
           iudge
           the
           actions
           of
           Princes
           ;
           and
           vpon
           such
           cause
           as
           they
           shal
           thinke
           meet
           ,
           punish
           ,
           excommunicate
           ,
           de
           priue
           them
           ,
           denounce
           publike
           warre
           against
           them
           b
           :
           free
           their
           subiects
           from
           subiection
           vnto
           them
           .
           As
           Pope
           Pius
           the
           first
           ,
           not
           only
           absolued
           the
           subiects
           of
           England
           from
           their
           alleagance
           to
           the
           late
           Queene
           Elizabeth
           ,
           but
           commanded
           them
           also
           to
           turn●
           traytours
           ,
           and
           take
           armes
           against
           her
           .
           After
           which
           Bull
           few
           yeeres
           passed
           without
           some
           notable
           attempt
           ,
           either
           against
           her
           person
           ,
           or
           against
           the
           State.
           
        
         
           It
           would
           be
           very
           redious
           to
           giue
           but
           a
           light
           touch
           ;
           to
           all
           the
           desperate
           distresses
           that
           hereupon
           haue
           bin
           occasioned
           ,
           in
           diuers
           foraine
           countries
           ;
           which
           out
           of
           their
           Annal
           ;
           may
           be
           furnished
           with
           ease
           .
           And
           the
           sequell
           
           now
           sheweth
           ,
           that
           the
           chiefe
           encrease
           and
           establishment
           of
           the
           Turkish
           Empire
           ,
           hath
           proceeded
           from
           the
           outragious
           warres
           ,
           which
           by
           this
           meanes
           haue
           been
           occasioned
           among
           the
           Christians
           ;
           which
           made
           Europe
           on
           all
           sides
           to
           bath
           her
           limmes
           in
           the
           blood
           of
           her
           children
           .
           Against
           our
           owne
           State
           we
           cannot
           be
           ignorant
           ,
           what
           heretofore
           hath
           bin
           acted
           ;
           especially
           vnder
           the
           raigne
           of
           King
           Iohn
           .
           What
           hath
           been
           lately
           ,
           what
           freshly
           ,
           what
           is
           daily
           attempted
           ,
           it
           cannot
           possiblie
           escape
           the
           memorie
           of
           those
           that
           liue
           in
           this
           present
           age
           :
           and
           for
           helpe
           of
           those
           who
           are
           to
           succeed
           ,
           report
           there
           of
           shall
           be
           made
           at
           large
           ,
           
           in
           a
           historie
           Intended
           for
           the
           times
           lately
           passed
           ,
           and
           now
           presently
           running
           .
           The
           accumulating
           of
           these
           examples
           in
           this
           place
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           matter
           of
           some
           labour
           ,
           for
           cleering
           that
           which
           hath
           litle
           doubt
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           in
           substance
           ,
           but
           somwhat
           more
           briefly
           deliuered
           :
           it
           seemed
           that
           there
           was
           not
           any
           man
           in
           that
           presence
           ,
           who
           ,
           either
           in
           replie
           or
           in
           supplie
           ,
           had
           not
           somewhat
           to
           say
           .
           That
           only
           was
           a
           hinderāce
           to
           the
           discharging
           of
           their
           minds
           ,
           which
           is
           pleasantly
           said
           to
           haue
           dissolued
           the
           Parliament
           of
           women
           ;
           because
           they
           could
           not
           agree
           to
           speake
           one
           at
           once
           .
           Many
           shewed
           themselues
           so
           impatient
           of
           silence
           ;
           and
           they
           who
           vpon
           aduisement
           could
           haue
           said
           least
           ,
           were
           vpon
           the
           suddaine
           most
           franke
           and
           forward
           in
           words
           .
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           that
           which
           was
           the
           cause
           that
           no
           man
           could
           haue
           free
           libertie
           of
           speech
           ,
           did
           driue
           them
           all
           into
           a
           dumbe
           dumpe
           :
           which
           opportunity
           was
           forthwith
           apprehended
           by
           a
           thick
           Theologian
           ,
           whose
           formall
           attire
           ,
           countenance
           and
           cariage
           ,
           was
           a
           good
           supplie
           to
           other
           defects
           .
           And
           so
           ,
           hauing
           composed
           himselfe
           to
           al
           complements
           of
           grauitie
           and
           grace
           ,
           he
           began
           his
           speech
           after
           the
           set
           and
           solemne
           manner
           of
           those
           disputers
           ,
           who
           ,
           contenting
           themselues
           with
           commendation
           of
           memorie
           ,
           doe
           more
           diligently
           endeuour
           to
           repeate
           then
           to
           reply
           .
        
         
           
           You
           haue
           declared
           vnto
           vs
           (
           said
           he
           )
           that
           the
           proper
           qualities
           of
           the
           rights
           of
           Maiestie
           are
           ,
           to
           be
           both
           perpetuall
           ,
           and
           also
           absolute
           ;
           as
           neither
           depending
           vpon
           any
           other
           ,
           nor
           yet
           held
           either
           vpon
           charge
           ,
           or
           with
           exception
           and
           restraint
           .
           That
           these
           rights
           cōsist
           in
           managing
           affaires
           of
           highest
           nature
           ,
           which
           cannot
           be
           separated
           from
           the
           soueraigne
           power
           ;
           because
           vpon
           the
           guiding
           of
           them
           ,
           all
           the
           fortunes
           of
           a
           
           State
           do
           follow
           .
           That
           nothing
           is
           of
           so
           high
           nature
           in
           a
           State
           ,
           as
           is
           religion
           :
           and
           that
           therefore
           the
           ordering
           thereof
           is
           annexed
           ,
           as
           a
           right
           of
           Maiestie
           ,
           to
           the
           soueraigne
           power
           ;
           whether
           it
           be
           setled
           in
           a
           King
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Nobilitie
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           people●
           For
           ,
           seeing
           religion
           commandeth
           the
           conscience
           ,
           and
           holdeth
           the
           soule
           in
           subiection
           ,
           if
           supremac●●
           therin
           be
           acknowledged
           to
           be
           in
           a
           forren
           Prince
           ,
           the
           sinewes
           of
           domesticall
           soueraigntie
           are
           cut
           in
           s●nder
           .
           You
           haue
           brought
           certaine
           examples
           of
           dangerous
           consequence
           ,
           when
           either
           strangers
           or
           subiects
           haue
           bin
           followed
           for
           religion
           .
           You
           shewed
           y●
           for
           auoiding
           the
           like
           dangers
           ,
           two
           policies
           were
           anciently
           obserued
           ;
           one
           consisted
           in
           excluding
           external
           ceremonies
           &
           rites
           ;
           the
           other
           ,
           in
           setling
           the
           gouernment
           for
           matters
           in
           religion
           ,
           in
           the
           supreame
           power
           and
           authority
           in
           the
           State.
           That
           this
           last
           was
           practised
           among
           the
           Iewes
           ,
           Aegyptians
           &
           in
           diuers
           other
           countries
           .
           In
           the
           foure
           great
           Monarchies
           also
           ,
           of
           Assyria
           ,
           of
           Persia
           ,
           of
           Graecia
           ,
           and
           of
           Rome
           .
           Of
           Rome
           (
           you
           say
           )
           first
           ,
           vnder
           the
           gouernment
           of
           Kings
           ;
           secondly
           ,
           in
           the
           popular
           state
           ;
           thirdly
           ,
           vnder
           Heathen
           Emperours
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           (
           for
           a
           good
           space
           )
           vnder
           Christian
           Emperors
           ;
           who
           in
           matters
           of
           circumstance
           and
           of
           external
           forme
           in
           religion
           ,
           both
           vsed
           ,
           and
           were
           acknowledged
           to
           haue
           supreame
           authoritie
           :
           of
           whose
           lawes
           ,
           diuers
           were
           afterwards
           either
           assumed
           by
           Popes
           ,
           or
           attributed
           vnto
           them
           .
           Concerning
           matters
           of
           substance
           ,
           and
           of
           internall
           forme
           ,
           they
           assembled
           generall
           Councels
           ;
           wherein
           they
           held
           the
           Primacie
           ;
           and
           confirmed
           the
           acts
           of
           them
           by
           Imperiall
           decree
           .
           You
           declared
           also
           ,
           that
           when
           Constantinople
           was
           aduanced
           to
           be
           the
           head
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           a
           stiffe
           strife
           did
           arise
           betwixt
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Constantinople
           and
           of
           Rome
           ,
           whether
           should
           be
           greatest
           ;
           that
           diuers
           Emperours
           fauoured
           
           the
           Church
           of
           Constantinople
           ;
           but
           at
           the
           last
           ,
           Pope
           Boniface
           obtained
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Phocas
           ,
           that
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           should
           be
           the
           chiefe
           of
           all
           other
           Churches
           .
           This
           you
           account
           an
           errour
           in
           gouernment
           ;
           to
           settle
           a
           power
           of
           so
           high
           qualitie
           ,
           in
           a
           place
           farre
           distant
           from
           the
           principall
           strength
           of
           the
           Empire
           .
           For
           hereby
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           did
           grow
           to
           such
           greatnesse
           ,
           that
           they
           drew
           the
           west
           part
           of
           the
           Emp●●e
           to
           reuolt
           ;
           and
           left
           the
           residue
           for
           a
           pray
           to
           the
           ba●barous
           Infidels
           .
           Lastly
           you
           haue
           shewed
           ,
           that
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           ,
           aduancing
           their
           authoritie
           by
           degrees
           ,
           haue
           been
           of
           power
           ,
           to
           reduce
           the
           west
           Empire
           to
           a
           feeble
           state
           ;
           and
           to
           hold
           ,
           not
           the
           Emperour
           alone
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           chiefe
           Kings
           in
           Europe
           ,
           either
           as
           vassals
           or
           as
           tributaries
           to
           their
           Sea.
           Generally
           ,
           that
           they
           haue
           challenged
           Soueraigne
           iurisdiction
           ouer
           all
           Kingdomes
           and
           Common-wealthes
           in
           the
           world
           :
           whereby
           they
           haue
           cast
           diuers
           countries
           ,
           and
           among
           others
           this
           Realme
           of
           England
           into
           desperate
           distresses
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           before
           answere
           should
           be
           offred
           to
           all
           these
           seuerall
           points
           ,
           I
           would
           think
           it
           fit
           ,
           (
           vnder
           the
           leaue
           of
           better
           Iudgements
           )
           to
           take
           some
           reasonable
           respite
           to
           aduise
           vpon
           them
           ;
           because
           questions
           of
           this
           high
           nature
           ,
           are
           not
           alwaies
           the
           same
           which
           sodainly
           they
           seeme
           :
           and
           he
           bewrayeth
           too
           great
           opinion
           of
           his
           owne
           sufficiencie
           ,
           who
           presently
           will
           vndertake
           a
           controuersie
           of
           this
           weight
           .
           But
           ,
           if
           Christ
           hath
           committed
           supreame
           power
           in
           religion
           to
           the
           Sea
           of
           Rome
           ,
           then
           is
           no
           place
           left
           to
           these
           rules
           and
           reasons
           of
           state
           .
        
         
           Nay
           (
           answered
           N.
           )
           I
           haue
           protested
           before
           ,
           that
           we
           haue
           neither
           leasure
           nor
           lust
           to
           engulphe
           our selues
           in
           such
           an
           Ocean
           .
           
             If
             Christ
             hath
             committed
             to
             the
             sea
             of
             Rome
             !
          
           This
           is
           a
           large
           supposall
           indeed
           ;
           and
           
           that
           which
           will
           neuer
           settle
           in
           the
           opinion
           of
           many
           ,
           who
           are
           otherwise
           firmely
           affected
           to
           the
           doctrine
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           Yea
           ,
           I
           am
           assuredly
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           the
           violence
           of
           ambition
           hath
           pulled
           many
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           from
           their
           owne
           iudgement
           ,
           in
           making
           cla●me
           to
           that
           authoritie
           which
           they
           neuer
           had
           either
           title
           to
           hold
           ,
           or
           abilitie
           to
           rule
           .
           For
           diuers
           of
           them
           being
           sodainely
           borne
           out
           of
           a
           low
           retired
           state
           ;
           namely
           ,
           from
           some
           Cloister
           or
           heremitage
           ,
           into
           an
           vnknowne
           Sea
           of
           absolute
           authoritie
           ,
           they
           were
           ouerswayed
           therewith
           ,
           like
           a
           small
           boate
           with
           too
           large
           a
           saile
           :
           And
           being
           men
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           spent
           in
           age
           ,
           vntrained
           in
           experience
           ,
           and
           neither
           by
           nature
           nor
           by
           education
           of
           abilitie
           ,
           to
           conceiue
           the
           bounds
           and
           degrees
           of
           great
           affaires
           ,
           they
           tooke
           to
           themselues
           a
           licentious
           libertie
           ;
           supposing
           it
           reasonable
           ,
           yea
           altogether
           necessarie
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Kings
           and
           Princes
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           who
           hold
           their
           estate
           immediately
           from
           heauen
           ,
           who
           receiue
           their
           power
           from
           the
           hand
           of
           God
           ,
           should
           be
           subiect
           to
           the
           pleasure
           ,
           the
           passions
           ,
           the
           fierie
           furie
           ;
           the
           ignorance
           ,
           the
           errors
           ,
           the
           malice
           ,
           of
           one
           haughtie
           and
           humerous
           man
           ,
           whose
           weaknes
           is
           subiect
           (
           as
           it
           hath
           bin
           plainelie
           declared
           by
           their
           liues
           )
           to
           all
           immoderate
           motions
           of
           humanitie
           .
           And
           al
           this
           vpon
           no
           other
           ground
           but
           because
           Christ
           said
           to
           S.
           
             Peter
             ;
             Thou
             art
             Peter
          
           ,
           
           
             and
             vpon
             this
             rock
             will
             I
             build
             my
             Church
             &c.
             
          
           But
           what
           is
           this
           to
           Supremacie
           ?
           what
           is
           this
           to
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ?
           diuers
           questions
           must
           be
           cleered
           before
           this
           will
           serue
           the
           one
           or
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           For
           ,
           first
           it
           is
           but
           weakely
           assured
           ,
           that
           S.
           Peter
           euer
           
           was
           at
           Rome
           .
           Many
           reasons
           are
           alleaged
           against
           it
           ;
           and
           many
           authorities
           are
           brought
           for
           it
           .
           But
           it
           often
           happeneth
           that
           the
           common
           consent
           of
           writers
           is
           like
           vnto
           a
           flocke
           of
           fowles
           ;
           as
           one
           flieth
           all
           
           doe
           follow
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           it
           is
           lesse
           assured
           that
           euer
           he
           was
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           .
           For
           ,
           being
           an
           Apostle
           ,
           his
           charge
           was
           generall
           ;
           
           
             goe
             teach
             all
             nations
          
           ;
           and
           therefore
           not
           to
           be
           ,
           as
           a
           Bishop
           ,
           either
           limited
           or
           settled
           in
           any
           one
           particular
           place
           .
           Or
           if
           we
           wil
           say
           ,
           that
           either
           by
           appointment
           or
           by
           choise
           ,
           some
           part
           of
           this
           generall
           charge
           was
           apportioned
           to
           S.
           Peter
           ;
           then
           this
           seemeth
           ,
           or
           rather
           is
           most
           assured
           to
           haue
           been
           Iudea
           ,
           by
           that
           which
           S.
           Paul
           hath
           written
           :
           that
           ,
           
             the
             Gospell
             of
             Circumcision
             was
             committed
             vnto
             Peter
             ,
          
           
           as
           
             the
             Gospell
             of
             the
             vncircumcision
             was
             vnto
             him
             .
          
           And
           therefore
           we
           find
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           
           that
           S.
           Paul
           was
           expressely
           sent
           to
           Rome
           ;
           but
           that
           S.
           Peter
           was
           euer
           at
           Rome
           ,
           we
           hold
           it
           by
           tradition
           .
           This
           is
           further
           confirmed
           by
           the
           long
           aboade
           which
           S.
           Peter
           made
           in
           Iudea
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           short
           stay
           which
           is
           possible
           he
           could
           haue
           made
           at
           Rome
           ,
           euen
           by
           computation
           of
           them
           who
           best
           fauoured
           the
           dignitie
           of
           that
           Sea.
           
        
         
           With
           that
           he
           called
           for
           Onuphrius
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           him
           read
           vnto
           vs
           ,
           that
           S.
           Peter
           liued
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Christ
           34.
           yeeres
           ,
           3.
           monethes
           and
           odde
           daies
           ;
           that
           the
           first
           nine
           yeeres
           he
           remained
           in
           Iudea
           ;
           that
           in
           the
           tenth
           yeere
           after
           Christs
           Passion
           ,
           in
           the
           end
           of
           the
           second
           yeere
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           Claudius
           ,
           he
           departed
           from
           Iudea
           for
           feare
           of
           Agrippa
           ,
           from
           whose
           imprisonment
           hee
           had
           been
           deliuered
           by
           an
           angell
           ;
           
           that
           after
           he
           had
           trauailed
           preaching
           through
           many
           coūtries
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           Rome
           ,
           and
           there
           contended
           with
           
             Simon
             Magus
          
           :
           That
           after
           foure
           yeeres
           ,
           Agrippa
           being
           dead
           ,
           for
           feare
           of
           whom
           he
           ●orsooke
           Iudaea
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           Ierusalem
           ,
           and
           was
           there
           present
           at
           the
           Councell
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           wherein
           circumcision
           was
           abrogated
           :
           That
           after
           this
           he
           remained
           seuen
           yeeres
           at
           Antioch
           ;
           that
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           of
           
           Nero
           he
           returned
           to
           Rome
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           trauailed
           almost
           thorough
           all
           the
           parts
           of
           Europe
           :
           that
           comming
           againe
           to
           Rome
           in
           the
           last
           yeere
           of
           Nero
           ,
           S.
           Paul
           and
           he
           were
           there
           martyred
           .
        
         
           
             To
             this
             agreeth
             that
             which
          
           Ireneus
           saith
           ;
           
           The
           blessed
           Apostles
           Peter
           and
           Paul
           ,
           laying
           the
           foundation
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           committed
           to
           Linus
           the
           Bishopricke
           ,
           or
           charge
           of
           administration
           of
           that
           Church
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           said
           he
           ,
           the
           third
           question
           is
           ,
           whether
           by
           these
           words
           ,
           
             Thou
             art
             Peter
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           Christ
           gaue
           vnto
           S.
           Peter
           any
           speciall
           power
           or
           Iurisdiction
           ,
           either
           spirituall
           or
           secular
           ,
           more
           then
           vnto
           the
           residue
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ;
           where
           he
           did
           exercise
           ;
           when
           make
           claime
           to
           any
           such
           power
           ;
           by
           which
           of
           the
           Apostles
           it
           was
           acknowledged
           ;
           by
           what
           ancient
           father
           of
           the
           Church
           aduowed
           .
           For
           diuers
           testimonies
           of
           S.
           Paul
           do
           beare
           against
           it
           :
           
           S.
           Augustine
           ,
           S.
           Cyprian
           and
           others
           of
           principall
           authoritie
           in
           the
           Church
           doe
           expressely
           denie
           it
           .
           Whereas
           the
           Scripture
           giueth
           so
           large
           and
           plaine
           testimonie
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           title
           and
           authoritie
           of
           Kings
           ,
           as
           it
           seemeth
           no
           greater
           can
           be
           added
           thereunto
           .
        
         
           The
           fourth
           question
           may
           bee
           ,
           whether
           any
           power
           was
           giuen
           vnto
           S.
           Peter
           ,
           as
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           :
           (
           which
           before
           the
           ascension
           of
           Christ
           hee
           could
           not
           bee
           )
           otherwise
           ,
           how
           falleth
           it
           ,
           that
           the
           same
           should
           bee
           rather
           fixed
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           then
           in
           any
           of
           those
           Churches
           ,
           where
           it
           is
           manifest
           by
           the
           scriptures
           that
           he
           remained
           many
           yeeres
           ,
           imploying
           himselfe
           in
           the
           exercise
           of
           his
           charge
           ?
        
         
           Fiftly
           ,
           what
           assurance
           can
           we
           haue
           ,
           that
           the
           power
           which
           is
           said
           to
           be
           committed
           to
           S.
           Peter
           ,
           was
           to
           be
           transmitted
           entirely
           to
           any
           of
           his
           successors
           in
           place
           ,
           who
           are
           so
           farre
           from
           being
           mentioned
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           nothing
           
           
           
           
           
           probable
           that
           euer
           they
           were
           ment
           .
           For
           ,
           as
           Matthias
           was
           not
           the
           worse
           for
           succeeding
           vnto
           Iudas
           in
           place
           ;
           so
           is
           not
           any
           man
           the
           better
           ,
           onely
           for
           his
           locall
           succession
           to
           S.
           Peter
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           seeing
           the
           promises
           of
           God
           are
           with
           exception
           ;
           if
           we
           continue
           in
           obedience
           to
           his
           wil
           :
           and
           therefore
           ,
           although
           all
           the
           land
           of
           Canaan
           was
           expresly
           promised
           to
           Abraham
           and
           to
           his
           seede
           for
           an
           euerlasting
           possession
           ,
           
           yet
           was
           the
           posteritie
           of
           Abraham
           ,
           for
           their
           disobedience
           ,
           first
           cast
           out
           of
           the
           greatest
           part
           thereof
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           dispossessed
           of
           all
           .
           
           And
           although
           the
           kingdome
           of
           Israel
           was
           expresly
           promised
           to
           Dauid
           and
           to
           his
           seede
           for
           euer
           ,
           yet
           the
           succession
           was
           broken
           off
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           sinnes
           .
           
           Againe
           ,
           seeing
           the
           Church
           of
           Ephesus
           ,
           although
           furnished
           with
           many
           excellent
           vertues
           ,
           was
           threatned
           notwithstanding
           ,
           that
           the
           candlesticke
           should
           bee
           remoued
           out
           of
           his
           place
           ,
           onely
           for
           that
           their
           first
           loue
           was
           abated
           .
           If
           wee
           should
           suppose
           (
           supposall
           is
           free
           )
           that
           expresse
           promise
           was
           made
           to
           S.
           Peter
           ,
           and
           to
           his
           successours
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           represent
           the
           authoritie
           of
           Christ
           vpon
           earth
           ;
           it
           will
           be
           a
           hard
           piece
           to
           perswade
           men
           ,
           who
           haue
           not
           abandoned
           their
           owne
           iudgement
           ,
           that
           this
           power
           was
           not
           long
           since
           either
           expired
           or
           reuoked
           ,
           by
           reasō
           of
           the
           dissolute
           disorders
           ,
           the
           irregular
           outrages
           and
           impieties
           ,
           which
           haue
           bin
           ordinarie
           in
           that
           Sea.
           Marc●lline
           sacrificed
           vnto
           Idols
           ;
           Liberius
           was
           an
           A●ian
           ;
           another
           a
           Nestorian
           ;
           Anastasius
           the
           second
           embraced
           the
           errour
           of
           
             Acatius
             .
             Sabinian
          
           was
           a
           man
           of
           base
           behauiour
           ,
           and
           altogether
           opposite
           to
           the
           vertues
           of
           S.
           
             Gregorie
             ▪
             Constantine
          
           the
           second
           procured
           himselfe
           to
           be
           elected
           by
           corruption
           and
           force
           .
           Ioan
           the
           eighth
           ,
           was
           a
           woman
           and
           a
           harlot
           .
           
             Romanus
             ,
             Theodorus
             ,
             Iohn
          
           the
           
           tenth
           ,
           and
           Christopher
           ,
           were
           infamous
           for
           seditions
           ,
           symonie
           ,
           lust
           ,
           and
           other
           base
           abuses
           in
           life
           .
           Iohn
           11.
           the
           bastard
           of
           Pope
           Sergius
           ,
           was
           elected
           by
           fauour
           of
           Theodora
           his
           mistrisse
           .
           Iohn
           the
           13.
           was
           accused
           of
           many
           vile
           villanies
           before
           the
           Emperour
           Otho
           the
           great
           .
           Boniface
           the
           7.
           attained
           his
           place
           by
           corruption
           ,
           and
           maintained
           it
           by
           sacrilege
           .
           Siluester
           the
           second
           ,
           was
           a
           Magician
           ,
           and
           came
           to
           his
           dignitie
           by
           couenanting
           with
           the
           diuell
           .
           Benedict
           the
           10.
           was
           compelled
           to
           quit
           his
           place
           ,
           because
           of
           his
           Symony
           .
           Boniface
           the
           8.
           was
           aduanced
           like
           a
           Foxe
           ,
           reigned
           like
           a
           Lion
           ,
           and
           died
           like
           a
           dogge
           .
           What
           ?
           shall
           we
           say
           ,
           that
           all
           these
           were
           the
           oracles
           of
           heauen
           ?
           the
           heads
           of
           the
           Church
           ?
           the
           guides
           and
           grounds
           of
           religion
           ?
           the
           successors
           of
           S.
           Peter
           ?
           the
           Vica●s
           generall
           of
           Iesus
           Christ
           ?
           wil
           worldly
           Princes
           endure
           such
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           only
           vnseruiceable
           vnto
           them
           ,
           but
           dishonorable
           ,
           but
           rebellious
           ,
           for
           their
           liefetenants
           ?
           And
           seeing
           good
           life
           is
           a
           sruite
           of
           faith
           ,
           seeing
           faith
           is
           expressed
           by
           actions
           of
           life
           ,
           shall
           we
           say
           that
           these
           men
           who
           liued
           in
           this
           sort
           ,
           could
           neither
           erre
           nor
           faile
           in
           faith
           ?
           Alas
           ,
           how
           then
           would
           they
           haue
           liued
           ,
           if
           they
           could
           haue
           erred
           or
           failed
           in
           faith
           ?
        
         
           I
           will
           not
           digge
           deep
           into
           this
           dunghill
           ;
           I
           will
           not
           speak
           of
           the
           heresies
           of
           Iohn
           the
           23.
           of
           the
           scandalous
           deportments
           of
           Eugenius
           the
           4.
           of
           the
           Incests
           ,
           Sorceries
           ,
           poysonings
           ,
           &
           cutthroat
           cruelties
           of
           Alexander
           the
           6.
           of
           the
           couetousnes
           ,
           the
           cruelties
           ,
           the
           periuries
           ,
           the
           blasphemies
           ,
           the
           adulteries
           ,
           the
           Sodometries
           ,
           the
           disdainfull
           pride
           ,
           the
           cunning
           dissimulatiō
           ,
           and
           other
           infamous
           behauior
           of
           diuers
           other
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           .
           I
           will
           not
           speake
           of
           the
           two
           monsters
           lately
           hatched
           within
           that
           Sea
           ,
           to
           the
           broad
           blemish
           of
           religion
           ,
           to
           the
           vtter
           ouerthrow
           of
           ciuill
           societie
           :
           the
           one
           aequiuocation
           ;
           the
           other
           par●icide
           of
           Princes
           ,
           &
           raising
           
           rebellions
           for
           the
           cause
           of
           religion
           .
           In
           one
           word
           to
           the
           point
           of
           our
           purpose
           ,
           as
           Christ
           denied
           the
           Iewes
           to
           be
           the
           children
           of
           Abraham
           ,
           
           because
           they
           did
           not
           the
           workes
           of
           Abraham
           ;
           and
           as
           S.
           Paul
           said
           ,
           that
           the
           children
           ,
           
           not
           of
           the
           flesh
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           faith
           of
           Abraham
           ,
           were
           to
           bee
           accounted
           his
           seede
           :
           in
           regard
           whereof
           ,
           S.
           Iohn
           also
           said
           ,
           that
           many
           affirmed
           themselues
           to
           be
           Iewes
           ,
           
           who
           were
           not
           :
           so
           we
           may
           safely
           defend
           ,
           that
           the
           true
           succession
           of
           S.
           Peter
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           other
           Apostles
           consisteth
           ,
           not
           in
           comming
           after
           thē
           in
           place
           ,
           but
           in
           holding
           their
           doctrine
           ,
           and
           imitating
           their
           godlines
           in
           life
           .
           This
           (
           saith
           
             Gregorie
             Nazianzene
          
           )
           (
           and
           not
           succession
           in
           place
           )
           
             is
             in
             proper
             sense
             to
             bee
             taken
             for
             succession
             .
          
           
           
             For
             to
             expresse
             the
             same
             iudgement
             and
             mind
             ,
             is
             to
             possesse
             the
             very
             same
             Chaire
             ;
             the
             difference
             of
             Sea
             ,
             is
             the
             difference
             in
             opinion
             ,
             for
             doctrine
             and
             for
             life
             .
             This
             is
             a
             succession
             in
             truth
             and
             indeed
             ;
             that
             is
             only
             a
             succession
             in
             name
             .
             Strato●les
          
           published
           in
           the
           citie
           of
           Athens
           ,
           that
           whatsoeuer
           the
           tyrant
           Demetrius
           should
           ordaine
           ,
           the
           same
           was
           to
           be
           esteemed
           holy
           before
           God
           ,
           and
           iust
           before
           men
           .
           When
           Cambyses
           was
           desirous
           to
           espouse
           his
           Sister
           ,
           the
           fact
           was
           iustified
           by
           this
           law
           of
           the
           Persians
           ;
           
             The
             King
             may
             do
             what
             soeuer
             he
             please
             .
          
           Doubtlesse
           ,
           (
           said
           he
           )
           many
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           in
           claiming
           Hyperbolicall
           power
           ,
           to
           beare
           through
           Diabolicall
           dristes
           ,
           haue
           bin
           rather
           successors
           to
           these
           men
           ,
           then
           vnto
           any
           of
           the
           Apostles
           .
        
         
           To
           conclude
           ,
           with
           answere
           vnto
           those
           who
           can
           find
           a
           difference
           betweene
           the
           Pope
           and
           the
           Pope
           ;
           betweene
           the
           Pope
           as
           being
           a
           man
           ,
           and
           the
           Pope
           as
           being
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ;
           betweene
           the
           Pope
           in
           his
           Consistory
           ,
           and
           the
           Pope
           in
           his
           Palace
           ,
           or
           among
           his
           Souldiers
           in
           the
           field
           ;
           
           betweene
           the
           Imperiall
           and
           Pontificall
           Pope
           ;
           I
           will
           tell
           you
           what
           Fulgosius
           ,
           he
           
           that
           was
           throwen
           out
           of
           state
           in
           Liguria
           ,
           reported
           of
           a
           certaine
           Archbish●p
           of
           Colen
           .
           As
           this
           Archbishop
           being
           also
           Duke
           of
           Colen
           ,
           passed
           through
           a
           small
           Village
           in
           Germanie
           ,
           with
           so
           great
           a
           trame
           of
           armed
           men
           (
           according
           to
           the
           fashion
           of
           that
           people
           )
           that
           it
           neerly
           approched
           the
           greatnes
           of
           an
           armie
           ;
           a
           certain
           countrie
           fellow
           brake
           forth
           into
           a
           loude
           laughter
           against
           him
           .
           And
           being
           therefore
           presented
           before
           the
           Archbishop
           ,
           hee
           boldly
           said
           ,
           that
           hee
           could
           not
           refraine
           both
           to
           laugh
           and
           to
           admire
           ,
           considering
           the
           great
           pouertie
           ,
           the
           great
           humilitie
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Apostles
           passed
           the
           trauailes
           of
           this
           life
           ,
           that
           they
           who
           carrie
           themselues
           for
           the
           Apostles
           successours
           ,
           should
           thus
           plunge
           themselues
           both
           in
           plentie
           and
           in
           pride
           .
           Simple
           fellow
           ,
           said
           the
           Archbishop
           ,
           I
           doe
           now
           beare
           the
           state
           and
           presence
           of
           a
           Duke
           ;
           I
           represent
           an
           Archbishop
           when
           I
           am
           within
           the
           church
           .
           At
           this
           speech
           ,
           the
           fellow
           did
           ●ise
           into
           a
           more
           broad
           and
           bolde
           laughter
           .
           And
           being
           demaunded
           the
           cause
           thereof
           ,
           I
           pray
           you
           ,
           said
           hee
           ,
           whilest
           this
           Duke
           ruineth
           the
           Church
           ,
           both
           by
           action
           and
           example
           ,
           how
           is
           the
           Bishop
           in
           the
           meane
           time
           busied
           ;
           and
           when
           this
           Duke
           for
           this
           cause
           shall
           goe
           to
           the
           diuell
           ,
           what
           shall
           then
           become
           of
           the
           Bishop
           ?
        
         
           There
           was
           not
           any
           amongs
           vs
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           countenance
           this
           conceit
           with
           a
           smile
           .
           And
           this
           had
           put
           a
           period
           to
           our
           discourse
           ,
           had
           not
           one
           maintained
           it
           with
           further
           speech
           ;
           that
           he
           would
           gladly
           heare
           these
           questions
           so
           fullie
           followed
           ,
           as
           then
           hee
           saw
           them
           fairely
           laid
           .
           Assirming
           ,
           that
           thereby
           he
           supposed
           it
           would
           appeate
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           impossible
           to
           find
           a
           worke
           of
           so
           great
           waight
           ,
           as
           is
           the
           supremacie
           of
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ,
           vpon
           so
           weake
           and
           feeble
           a
           foundation
           .
           But
           this
           will
           require
           (
           said
           hee
           )
           both
           the
           leasure
           and
           labour
           of
           some
           excellent
           Diuine
           .
        
         
         
           True
           (
           answered
           N.
           )
           and
           yet
           many
           of
           these
           questions
           haue
           a
           mixture
           of
           humanitie
           :
           a
           mixture
           also
           both
           of
           the
           Ciuill
           and
           Canon
           law
           .
           And
           I
           haue
           often
           maruailed
           (
           with
           that
           he
           cast
           a
           side
           countenance
           vpon
           me
           )
           by
           what
           meanes
           it
           falleth
           ,
           when
           in
           other
           countries
           the
           professers
           of
           these
           lawes
           are
           most
           accomplished
           schollers
           ,
           and
           fittest
           for
           matters
           of
           mixt
           professions
           ;
           that
           in
           England
           only
           ,
           either
           they
           are
           not
           so
           ,
           or
           are
           not
           so
           (
           at
           leastwise
           )
           reputed
           .
        
         
           I
           was
           forward
           to
           haue
           answered
           .
           But
           it
           appeared
           that
           the
           intent
           of
           N.
           was
           ,
           by
           crossing
           into
           this
           question
           to
           cut
           off
           the
           other
           .
           For
           ,
           refer●ing
           this
           point
           to
           a
           more
           priuate
           conference
           between
           him
           and
           me
           ,
           he
           fell
           into
           varietie
           of
           other
           talke
           .
           So
           ,
           the
           time
           being
           well
           spent
           ,
           after
           some
           ceremonies
           of
           curtesie
           ,
           all
           of
           vs
           withdrew
           ,
           whither
           our
           particular
           occasions
           did
           leade
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           Errata
           .
        
         
           Pag.
           9.
           lin
           .
           5.
           reade
           Synesius
           .
           pag.
           10.
           in
           marg
           .
           read
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ▪
           p.
           11.
           in
           marg
           .
           ●
           .
           read
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           ibid
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           p.
           16.
           l.
           30.
           read
           Dianae
           .
           p.
           17.
           lin
           .
           21.
           read
           Diodorus
           .
           p.
           21.
           lin
           .
           10.
           read
           Virgil.
           ibid.
           lin
           .
           13.
           read
           Festus
           .
           p.
           25.
           lin
           .
           15.
           read
           ceremonies
           .
           p.
           31.
           in
           marg
           .
           ●
           .
           read
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           p.
           33.
           lin
           .
           10.
           read
           Constantinople
           .
           ●
           pag.
           38.
           in
           marg
           .
           reade
           c.
           tibi
           domin●
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A02862-e470
           
             a
             Euseb.
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             34.
             
          
           
             b
             Euseb.
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             46.
             &
             lib.
             7.
             cap.
             5.
             
             &
             9.
             
          
           
             c
             De
             Nat.
             deo
             .
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             d
             Phil.
             de
             leg●●
             .
          
           
             e
             Chrysost.
             in
             Act.
             homil
             .
             33.
             
          
           
             f
             Singuli
             dicunt
             ,
             ego
             verum
             dico
             .
          
           
             g
             Non
             tamen
             possit
             delictorum
             veniam
             tributre
             ,
             aut
             litteras
             saluiconductus
             reis
             criminū
             dare
             .
          
           
             h
             Alex.
             in
             l.
             filiae
             qua
             de
             lib.
             &
             post
             .
             Card.
             Flor.
             &
             Ias.
             in
             prooem
             .
             s●●●
             .
             Mart.
             l
             aud
             .
             in
             c.
             1.
             qui
             feud
             .
             da.
             Imola
             .
             in
             Rub.
             ae
             ●e●b
             .
             obl●g
             .
          
           
             i
             Baid
             .
             in
             prooem
             .
             seud
             .
          
           
             k
             Cyn.
             in
             l.
             si
             viua
             .
             c.
             de
             bo
             mat
             .
             Bald
             in
             auth
             .
             hoc
             amplius
             .
             c.
             de
             side●
             com
             .
             Ang.
             Bald.
             in
             l.
             om●es
             C.
             de
             praescript
             .
             Plat.
             in
             l.
             si
             quis
             decurto
             .
             Feli.
             in
             Rub
             de
             praese
             10.
             
             And●
             in
             cap.
             vlt.
             de
             praeb
             .
             lib.
             6.
             
             Alex.
             cons.
             141.
             lib.
             1.
             no.
             2.
             
          
           
             l
             In
             Bacchis
             :
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             m
             Eu●●p
             .
             〈◊〉
             supplic
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             n
             Trast
             .
             de
             ●ra
             .
             cap.
             12.
             re●●gto
             &
             ●imor
             deisolus
             est
             qui
             custodit
             hominam
             inter
             sesoctetatc●
             .
          
           
             o
             Plut.
             contra
             Colot
             .
          
           
             p
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             q
             Orat.
             de
             regno
             .
          
           
             r
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             s
             Plut.
             contra
             Colot
             .
          
           
             t
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             u
             ●●u
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             x
             Omntum
             primum
             rem
             ad
             multitudinem
             imperitam
             efficacissima
             ,
             deorum
             metum
             inveiend●
             ratus
             .
          
           
             y
             Valcr
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             z
             Om●ia
             post
             religi●●en
             ponenda
             ciuita●
             nostra
             duxit
             .
          
           
             a
             Arist.
             7.
             
             P●l●t
             .
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             b
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             c
             Xenoph.
             P●d
             .
             lib.
             8.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             d
             A●ud
             La●tantium
             11.
             inst
             cap.
             16.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             e
             Cic
             orat
             de
             〈◊〉
             .
             rest
             on
             non
             call●ditate
             ●word
             ●robo●c
             sed
             pie●a●e
             ac
             relligione
             omnes
             gentes
             nation
             〈◊〉
             super
             au●sse
             .
          
           
             f
             Va
             〈◊〉
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             1.
             
             Non
             dubitauerunt
             sacris
             imperia
             seraire
             :
             it
             s
             sererum
             humanarum
             futura
             regimen
             existimantia
             ,
             si
             diuinae
             po●●●●●ae
             bene
             atque
             constaater
             essent
             samelata
             .
          
           
             g
             H●rat
             .
          
           
             h
             Arist.
             Rhet.
             ad
             Alex.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             i
             Plut.
             in
             Camillo
             .
          
           
             k
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             l
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             m
             Plut.
             in
             Sertorio
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             n
             Senec.
             epist.
             124.
             
             Superstitio
             error
             insanus
             est
             ,
             am●dos
             colit
             ,
             quos
             colit
             violat
             .
          
           
             o
             Cic.
             1.
             de
             siuib
             .
             superstitione
             qui
             est
             imbutus
             ,
             quietus
             esse
             non
             potest
             .
          
           
             p
             Herm.
             cap.
             12.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             q
             Cic.
             5.
             in
             Ver.
             omnia
             prospera
             eueniunt
             colentibus
             D●os
             ,
             aduersa
             speraeatibus
             .
          
           
             r
             De
             nat
             .
             deo
             li.
             2.
             eorum
             imperus
             remp
             .
             amplificatam
             qui
             religio●●●s
             paruissent
             .
          
           
             s
             l.
             16.
             in
             qualibet
             .
             de
             Episc.
             &
             cle
             .
             C.
             Theod.
             
          
           
             t
             Nouel
             .
             42.
             circa
             fi
             .
          
           
             u
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             x
             Afer
             episc
             .
             Religio
             debet
             esse
             in
             rep
             .
             non
             contra
             .
          
           
             y
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             z
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             a
             Arist.
             Polit.
             lib.
             3.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             b
             Iustin.
             lib.
             8.
             
             Iure
             ille
             à
             dijs
             proximus
             habetur
             ,
             per
             quem
             deorum
             maiestas
             vindicatur
             .
          
           
             c
             Lib.
             14.
             nat
             .
             hist.
             Religione
             vitae
             constat
             .
          
           
             d
             Cic.
             in
             5.
             in
             Verrem
             .
             omnes
             religione
             mouentur
             .
          
           
             e
             tiu
             lib.
             4.
             quibus
             quaestui
             sunt
             capti
             superstitione
             animi
             .
          
           
             f
             Curt.
             lib.
             4.
             vbi
             vana
             religione
             capta
             est
             ,
             melius
             vatibus
             quam
             ducibus
             suis
             paret
             .
          
           
             g
             Lib.
             6.
             cap.
             10
             
          
           
             h
             Flo.
             3.
             cap.
             16.
             
          
           
             i
             Ioseph
             .
             2.
             bel
             .
             Iud.
             cap.
             12.
             
          
           
             k
             Tac.
             2.
             hist.
             
          
           
             l
             Bodin
             .
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             m
             Leo.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             n
             Leo.
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             o
             Annal.
             Turc
             .
          
           
             p
             Ioseph
             .
             lib.
             2.
             co●it
             .
             sp●●●
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             q
             Ne
             qui
             ●isi
             Romani
             dij
             ,
             neue
             alto
             more
             quam
             patrio
             colerc●tur
             .
          
           
             r
             Liu.
             lib.
             15.
             ne
             quis
             in
             publico
             sacroue
             loco
             ,
             nouo
             au●
             externo
             ritu
             sacrificaret
             .
          
           
             s
             Lib.
             39.
             quoties
             patrum
             auorumque
             aetate
             negotiu
             magisti
             ,
             atibus
             datum
             est
             ,
             vt
             sacra
             externa
             sicri
             vitarent
             .
          
           
             t
             Dio
             lib.
             52.
             
          
           
             u
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             x
             Iustin
             lib.
             36.
             mos
             est
             apud
             Iudaeos
             ,
             vt
             cosdem
             reges
             &
             sacerdotes
             hab
             rent
             .
          
           
             y
             2.
             
             Chron.
             35.
             2.
             
          
           
             z
             1.
             
             Reg.
             2.
             25.
             
          
           
             a
             Deut.
             17.
             19.
             
          
           
             b
             Lib.
             1.
             
             Ecclesihist
             .
          
           
             c
             Lib.
             3.
             hist.
             Iudaeis
             sacerabtij
             hon●s
             firmamentum
             potentiae
             erat
             .
          
           
             e
             In
             praef
             .
             lib.
             Trismeg
             .
          
           
             f
             Serm
             41.
             
          
           
             g
             Lib.
             2.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             h
             Strab.
             lib.
             11.
             
          
           
             i
             Aduers
             .
             Valent
             .
          
           
             k
             Stra.
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             l
             In
             Calig
             c.
             35
             
          
           
             m
             De
             arte
             amand
             .
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             n
             Lib
             3.
             
          
           
             o
             Argonant
             .
             lib.
             2
             
          
           
             p
             Epigram
             .
             64.
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             q
             I●
             bel
             .
             Alexand
             .
          
           
             r
             Aeneid
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             s
             Lib.
             6.
             cap.
             10
             
          
           
             t
             Lib.
             12.
             
          
           
             Iust.
             lib.
             11.
             
          
           
             u
             De
             mor
             ,
             Ger.
             
          
           
             x
             Lib.
             12.
             
          
           
             y
             Lib.
             2.
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             z
             Lib.
             17.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             a
             Oros.
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Paus.
             in
             Baeot.
             siue
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             c
             Herodian
             .
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             d
             Lib.
             1.
             hist.
             Ind.
             cap.
             14.
             
          
           
             n
             Cic.
             de
             diuinat
             .
          
           
             e
             Apud
             Arist.
             Rhet.
             3.
             cap.
             10.
             
          
           
             f
             Iust.
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             g
             Contra
             Neaeram
             .
          
           
             h
             De
             Repub.
             Laced
             .
          
           
             i
             Q
             Curt.
             
          
           
             k
             Lib.
             10.
             
             Aeneid
             .
             super
             illud
             Virgilij
             .
             Vigilas
             ne
             deū
             gens
             ?
             Aenaea
             ?
             vigila
             .
          
           
             l
             Fast.
             
          
           
             m
             Liu.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             n
             Hali.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             o
             Plut.
             in
             Numa
             .
          
           
             p
             Liu.
             lib
             1.
             
             Dec.
             1.
             
          
           
             q
             Cic.
             lib
             2.
             de
             nat
             .
             Deo.
             
          
           
             r
             Lau.
             1.
             
             Decad.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             s
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             t
             Nequa
             Bacchamalia
             Romae
             neue
             in
             Italia
             essent
             ,
             si
             quis
             tale
             sacrum
             solenne
             ac
             necessarium
             duceret
             ,
             nec
             sine
             religione
             ac
             piaculo
             se
             id
             omit
             .
             lere
             posse
             ,
             apud
             pr●torem
             vrbanum
             profiteretur
             ,
             partor
             senatum
             consuleret
             :
             Si
             ei
             permissum
             esset
             cum
             in
             senatu
             centum
             ,
             non
             minus
             essent
             ,
             ita
             id
             sacrum
             fieret
             ,
             dum
             ne
             plus
             quinque
             sacrificio
             interessent
             .
          
           
             u
             Liu.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             x
             Gell.
             lib.
             10.
             cap.
             15.
             
          
           
             y
             Festus
             Pompeius
             lib
             17.
             
          
           
             z
             Dio●
             .
             Halic
             .
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             a
             Dionys.
             vbi
             5.
             
          
           
             b
             Plut.
             Probl.
             cap.
             63.
             
          
           
             c
             Ae●eid
             .
             8.
             super
             illud
             Virgilij
             .
             Nec
             no
             Tarquinnium
             ciectum
             Porsenna
             Iubebat
             accipere
             .
          
           
             d
             Li●
             .
             1.
             
             Dec.
             lib.
             2.
             
             D
             on●s
             .
             lib.
             5.
             
             Feuestel
             .
             de
             sacer●
             .
             c.
             1●
             
          
           
             e
             Gell.
             lib.
             10.
             cap.
             15.
             
          
           
             f
             Fea●stel
             .
             de
             sacred
             Rom.
             
          
           
             g
             Festus
             Pomp.
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             h
             Macrob.
             &
             Ouid.
             de
             ●ast
             .
          
           
             i
             Lin
             1.
             
             Dec.
             lib.
             10.
             
          
           
             k
             App●an
             .
             Plut.
             Plin.
             secundus
             de
             vir
             .
             illust
             .
             cap.
             75.
             
          
           
             l
             Liu.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             m
             Cic.
             de
             legib
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             n
             Cic.
             de
             orat
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             o
             Lib.
             3.
             
             Saturn
             .
             ca.
             2.
             
          
           
             p
             Varr.
             lib.
             1.
             de
             ling.
             lat
             .
             Plut.
             in
             Numa
             .
          
           
             q
             Marlianus
             in
             topographia
             vet
             Rom.
             
          
           
             r
             Halicar
             .
             lib.
             3
             &
             5.
             
             Plin
             lib.
             36.
             cap.
             11.
             
          
           
             s
             Deling
             .
             lat
             .
          
           
             t
             Lib.
             11.
             
          
           
             u
             Lib.
             1.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             x
             Plut.
             Prebl
             .
             cap.
             113.
             
          
           
             y
             Plut.
             Probl.
             cap.
             39.
             
             Gellius
             lib
             10.
             cap.
             15.
             
             Festus
             Pompeius
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             z
             Plut.
             d.
             ca.
             39.
             
          
           
             a
             Lau.
             3.
             
             Decad.
             lib.
             8.
             
          
           
             b
             ●●u
             .
             4.
             
             Decad.
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Plut.
             Probl.
             ca.
             13.
             
          
           
             d
             Florus
             epist.
             lib.
             47.
             
          
           
             e
             Plut.
             Prebl
             .
             cap.
             113.
             
          
           
             f
             Liu.
             Decad.
             3.
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             g
             Liu.
             Decad.
             1.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             h
             Plia
             .
             lib.
             15.
             cap.
             30.
             
          
           
             i
             Halicar
             .
             lib.
             2
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             k
             Apul.
             apol
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             l
             Plut.
             Probl.
             cap.
             111.
             
          
           
             m
             Boet.
             in
             top
             .
             Ciccr.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             n
             Tertul.
             de
             exhor
             cast
             .
             &
             ad
             vxorem
             l.
             1
             .
             &
             in
             praescript
             .
          
           
             o
             Ioseph
             .
             antiq
             .
             3.
             cap.
             10.
             
          
           
             p
             Liu.
             3.
             
             Decad.
             lib.
             10.
             
          
           
             q
             Liu
             4.
             
             Decad.
             lib.
             10.
             
          
           
             r
             Cicer.
             in
             orat
             .
             del
             .
             Agraria
             .
             &
             in
             lib.
             de
             amic
             ti●
             .
             Halicar
             lib.
             2.
             
             Pater
             c.
             lib.
             2.
             
             Su●t
             .
             in
             N●rcn●
             .
             ●a
             .
             2
             
          
           
             s
             Liu.
             4.
             
             Decad.
             lib.
             10.
             
          
           
             t
             Tertul.
             in
             apolog
             .
          
           
             u
             A
             Deo
             setuxdi
             ,
             post
             cum
             primi
             ,
             ante
             omnes
             &
             super
             omnes
             .
          
           
             x
             Tert●ad
             Scapulam
             .
             Colimus
             Imperatorem
             vt
             hominem
             à
             Dio
             secundū
             ,
             solo
             Deo
             minorem
             .
          
           
             y
             Epist.
             Elutherij
             citat
             .
             inter
             ll
             .
             E.
             1.
             
          
           
             z
             Vos
             es●is
             Vicarius
             Dei
             in
             regno
             ,
             iuxta
             prophetam
             Regium
             .
          
           
             a
             In
             C.
             Caesare
             .
             ca.
             13.
             
          
           
             b
             Ad
             1.
             3.
             
             &
             6.
             
             Aencid
             .
          
           
             c
             In
             Galba
             .
             c.
             8
             
          
           
             d
             In
             Claudio
             .
             cap.
             22.
             
          
           
             d
             Tacit.
             Annal.
             〈◊〉
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Tacit.
             lib.
             14
             
          
           
             f
             Veg.
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             5
             &
             6.
             
          
           
             g
             L.
             qui
             statuas
             .
             l.
             non
             contra
             .
             bit
             .
             D.
             ad
             Iud.
             maiest
             .
          
           
             h
             Tacit.
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             i
             In
             Tiberio
             .
             cap.
             58.
             
          
           
             k
             De
             benefic
             .
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             l
             In
             Iob.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             m
             Priuilegium
             offe●endi
             primogenitis
             ,
             vel
             maxime
             Regibus
             debebatur
             .
          
           
             n
             Tacit.
             2.
             annal
             .
          
           
             o
             Desacris
             ludaicis
             Aegyptijsque
             pellendis
             .
          
           
             p
             Viderent
             pontifices
             quae
             retinenda
             firmandaque
             Aruspicum
             essent
             .
          
           
             q
             In
             Seuero
             .
          
           
             r
             In
             Proaem
             .
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             s
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             t
             Ad
             Pop.
             Antioch
             .
             hom
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             u
             Summitatem
             &
             caput
             .
          
           
             x
             Parem
             vllum
             super
             terram
             non
             habet
             .
          
           
             y
             Debes
             Imperator
             incunctanter
             aduertere
             ,
             regiam
             potestatem
             tibi
             ,
             non
             solum
             ad
             mundi
             regimen
             ,
             sed
             maxime
             ad
             ecclesiae
             praesidium
             esse
             collatam
             .
          
           
             z
             Epist.
             lib.
             3.
             ca.
             100.
             
             &
             103
             
          
           
             a
             Contra
             Parmen
             .
             lib.
             13.
             super
             Imperatorem
             non
             est
             nisi
             solus
             Deus
             qui
             fecit
             Imperatorem
             .
          
           
             b
             In
             respons
             .
             O●●ent
             .
          
           
             c
             Imperator
             ,
             vt
             communis
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ●●istens
             &
             nominatus
             .
             synodalibus
             praeest
             sententijs
             ,
             &
             robur
             tribuit
             :
             ecclesiasticos
             ordines
             componit
             ,
             &
             legem
             dat
             vitae
             politi●que
             corum
             qui
             altari
             seruiunt
             .
          
           
             d
             Vt
             vno
             verbo
             dica
             ,
             solo
             sacrificand●
             〈◊〉
             ininisterio
             ,
             reliqua
             pontificalia
             priuilegia
             Imperator
             representat
             .
          
           
             e
             Cont
             Coe●●on
             .
             &
             epist.
             48.
             &
             epist.
             50.
             
          
           
             f
             Donat.
             Mel●uit
             .
             l.
             2.
             
          
           
             g
             nouel
             .
             43.
             
             &
             49.
             in
             princ
             .
          
           
             h
             l.
             18.
             
             C.
             de
             sacros
             .
             eccles
             .
          
           
             i
             D
             nouel
             .
             43.
             
             &
             49.
             
          
           
             k
             l.
             2.
             
             C.
             de
             sacros
             .
             eccles
             .
          
           
             l
             l.
             4.
             
             C.
             co
             .
          
           
             m
             l.
             5.
             
             C.
             co
             .
          
           
             n
             l.
             14
             C.
             co
             .
          
           
             o
             l.
             9.
             
             C.
             de
             episc
             .
             &
             cler
             .
          
           
             p
             nouel
             .
             6.
             ca
             6.
             
          
           
             q
             l.
             17.
             
             C.
             de
             episc
             .
             &
             cler
             .
          
           
             r
             nouel
             .
             123.
             ca.
             10.
             
          
           
             s
             l.
             29.
             
             C.
             de
             episc
             .
             &
             cler
             .
          
           
             t
             l.
             30.
             
             C.
             co
             .
          
           
             u
             l.
             31.
             
             C.
             co
             .
          
           
             x
             l.
             22.
             
             C.
             de
             episc
             .
             audien
             .
          
           
             y
             nouell
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             z
             nouell
             .
             5.
             
          
           
             a
             nouell
             .
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             nouell
             .
             58.
             
          
           
             c
             nouell
             .
             117.
             
          
           
             d
             l.
             8.
             
             C.
             de
             repud
             .
          
           
             e
             nouel
             .
             146.
             
          
           
             f
             l.
             1.
             
             C.
             de
             vet
             .
             iur
             .
             enuc
             legu
             authoritas
             &
             diuinas
             &
             humanas
             res
             bene
             disponit
             .
          
           
             g
             nouel
             133.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             h
             lib.
             2.
             epist.
             100
             Ad
             hoc
             potestas
             super
             omnes
             homines
             dominorū
             meorū
             pictati
             coesitus
             data
             est
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             i
             Espenc
             .
             com
             .
             in
             Tit.
             3.
             digres
             .
             10.
             
             Gregorius
             magnus
             agno
             se●bat
             ,
             Imperatoribus
             conc●ssum
             esse
             dominari
             sacerdotibus
             .
          
           
             k
             Bals.
             in
             Concil
             Chalced.
             cap.
             12.
             
          
           
             l
             c.
             Principes
             23.
             q.
             5.
             
          
           
             m
             13.
             q.
             5.
             
          
           
             n
             l.
             1.
             
             C.
             de
             Iudic
             .
             in
             C.
             Theod.
             
          
           
             o
             2.
             q.
             3.
             de
             poe
             .
             di
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             p
             3.
             q.
             6.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             q
             3.
             q.
             6.
             c.
             16.
             
             &
             17.
             
             &
             2.
             q.
             8.
             c.
             4.
             
          
           
             r
             2.
             q.
             3.
             c.
             3.
             
          
           
             s
             c.
             Episcopis
             .
             3.
             q.
             5.
             
          
           
             t
             c.
             reintegranda
             .
             q.
             e.
             
          
           
             u
             3.
             q.
             9.
             
          
           
             x
             2.
             q.
             7.
             
          
           
             y
             2.
             q.
             8.
             
          
           
             z
             35.
             q.
             6.
             
          
           
             a
             25.
             q.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             c.
             1.
             ext
             .
             de
             iu●am
             calum
             .
          
           
             c
             Imperator
             Iustinianus
             decreuit
             ,
             vt
             canones
             patrū
             vim
             legum
             habere
             oporteat
             .
          
           
             d
             Niceph.
             lib
             8.
             cap.
             14.
             
          
           
             e
             Euseb.
             lib.
             2.
             de
             vita
             Constantini
             .
          
           
             f
             c.
             futuram
             .
             12.
             q.
             1.
             
          
           
             g
             Constantinus
             praesid●●s
             sa●ctae
             synodo
             ,
             quae
             apud
             〈◊〉
             congregata
             est
             .
          
           
             h
             Socrat.
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             i
             l.
             2.
             
             C.
             de
             sum
             .
             trin
             .
          
           
             k
             Niceph.
             lib.
             12
             ca.
             10.
             
          
           
             l
             Obsecramus
             clementiam
             tuam
             ,
             vt
             ,
             quemadmodum
             literis
             h●norasti
             ecclesiam
             ,
             quibus
             nos
             con●ocasti
             ,
             ita
             sinalem
             conclusionem
             nostrorum
             decretorii
             corrobores
             sententia
             tua
             &
             sigillo
             .
          
           
             m
             Niceph.
             lib.
             14.
             ca.
             34.
             
          
           
             n
             l.
             3.
             
             C.
             desum
             .
             trin
             .
          
           
             o
             Euagr.
             lib.
             1.
             ca.
             2.
             
          
           
             p
             Lib.
             2.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             q
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             r
             Vid.
             d.
             conc
             .
             Chalc.
             
          
           
             s
             l.
             4.
             
             C.
             de
             sum
             .
             trin
             .
          
           
             t
             3.
             vol
             concil
             .
          
           
             u
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             x
             Cus.
             de
             conc
             .
             l.
             3.
             ca.
             16.
             
          
           
             y
             Sciendum
             est
             quod
             in
             vniuersalibus
             octo
             concilus
             semper
             inuen●o
             imperatores
             ,
             &
             Iudices
             suos
             ,
             cum
             senatu
             primatum
             hab●isse
             .
          
           
             z
             Conc.
             Ro.
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Miramur
             quicquam
             tentatum
             fuisse
             sine
             nobis
             ;
             nam
             viuente
             nostro
             presbytero
             sine
             nobis
             nihil
             tentari
             oportuit
             .
          
           
             b
             Niceph.
             in
             praesat
             .
             ad
             Emanuel
             .
          
           
             c
             Tu
             es
             dux
             professionis
             fidei
             nostrae
             &c.
             
          
           
             d
             Marc.
             9.
             35.
             
             Luc.
             9.
             46.
             
          
           
             e
             Can.
             8.
             
          
           
             f
             Plat●n
             vita
             〈◊〉
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Sabel
             .
             Aencid
             .
             8.
             lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             h
             In
             vita
             Bonifacij
             3.
             
          
           
             l
             Can.
             28.
             
          
           
             k
             In
             trip
             .
             hist.
             lib.
             9.
             cap.
             13.
             
          
           
             l
             l.
             6.
             
             C.
             de
             sacros
             .
             eccles
             .
             ●vnic
             .
             C.
             de
             priuil
             .
             vrb
             .
             Const.
             lib.
             11.
             
          
           
             m
             l.
             decernimus
             C.
             de
             sacros
             .
             eccles
             .
          
           
             n
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             o
             Nomoca
             .
             tit
             .
             1.
             cap.
             5.
             
          
           
             p
             l.
             Constantino
             ▪
             p●litana
             24
             C.
             de
             sacros
             .
             eccl
             .
          
           
             q
             Constantinopolitana
             ecclesia
             omniū
             aliarum
             est
             caput
             .
          
           
             r
             Platin.
             in
             vita
             Gregor●●
             1.
             
          
           
             s
             In
             vit
             .
             Pho●●
             .
          
           
             Car.
             lib.
             4.
             sceleribus
             pontificum
             hoc
             imperium
             languesactum
             est
             .
             Luit
             prand
             .
             lib.
             6.
             ca.
             6.
             
             Cuspinian
             &
             Theodo
             .
             de
             Nihem
             .
             in
             vita
             Otho
             3.
             
          
           
             Bart.
             in
             tract
             .
             de
             Gaelph
             .
             &
             Gib
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             46.
             
          
           
             a
             Guice
             .
             in
             comment
             .
             polit
             .
          
           
             b
             Sand.
             lib.
             4.
             de
             clau
             .
             Dauid
             .
             Stupenda
             res
             ,
             &
             supra
             quam
             dici
             potest
             admiranda
             ,
             vt
             cum
             pot●utissi●i
             qu●
             que
             imp●
             .
             〈◊〉
             per
             al●quot
             saecula
             ownem
             suam
             vim
             in
             exterminandis
             ex
             vrbe
             Roma
             ponti●icibus
             Romanis
             ,
             frustra
             explicuissent
             ;
             nun●
             è
             contrari●
             ,
             pontifices
             Romani
             abs●
             vlia
             vi
             ,
             Romanos
             Imperatores
             ex
             ar●●
             Imperij
             semou●runt
             ;
             palat●s
             Caesarum
             alque
             ad●o
             tota
             vrbe
             in
             su●●
             potestatem
             conuersa
             .
          
           
             In
             extrauag
             .
             vnam
             sanctam
             .
             Porto
             subesse
             Rom
             Pont
             ▪
             omnem
             humanam
             creaturam
             declaramus
             ,
             dicimus
             ,
             diffiaimus
             &
             pronuntiamus
             omnino
             esse
             de
             necessitate
             salutis
             .
          
           
             *
             Tibi
             d●mina
             .
             63
             dist
             .
             c.
             ●enerab●lem
             .
             de
             elect
             .
             〈◊〉
             .
             in
             c
             licet
             .
             n.
             8.
             de
             so
             .
             comp
             .
          
           
             *
             Incip
             .
             post
             pedum
             oscula
             .
          
           
             Pan.
             c.
             causam
             .
             qui
             fil
             .
             fi
             .
             le
             .
             &c.
             solita
             .
             de
             ma.
             &
             ob
             .
             c
             nou●●
             .
             de
             〈◊〉
             .
             &c.
             〈◊〉
             .
             n.
             8.
             des●
             comp
             .
             &
             in
             c.
             ●
             .
             n.
             2.
             3.
             4.
             depro
             bat
             .
          
           
             *
             Anno
             1341.
             
          
           
             *
             Feli.
             in
             c.
             firmissime
             ,
             n.
             1.
             de
             haeret
             .
          
           
             *
             Molina
             .
             tract
             .
             2.
             de
             Iust.
             disput
             .
             29.
             
          
           
             *
             Cle.
             Romani
             de
             Iurc●●●
             .
          
           
             t
             Cuia●
             c.
             7.
             de
             Imp.
             
          
           
             u
             Pan.
             in
             c.
             fi
             .
             de
             Baptism
             .
          
           
             x
             Pan.
             in
             c.
             1.
             de
             so
             .
             comp
             .
             &
             in
             c.
             1.
             de
             probat
             .
          
           
             y
             Pan.
             in
             c.
             si
             duobus
             de
             appell
             .
          
           
             z
             Pan.
             in
             c.
             1.
             de
             prob
             .
             n.
             2.
             
             &
             3.
             &
             n.
             6.
             
          
           
             a
             Pan.
             in
             c.
             per
             vencrabilem
             .
             n.
             1.
             qui
             fil
             su●t
             legitti
             .
          
           
             b
             Pan.
             in
             d.
             c.
             per
             vencrabilem
             .
             &
             in
             c
             sicut
             .
             n.
             12.
             de
             iureiur
             .
             &
             in
             c.
             &
             sinecesse
             .
             de
             do
             .
             inter
             vir
             .
             &
             vx
             .
             Pius
             5.
             in
             bulla
             .
          
           
             Matth.
             16.
             
          
           
             Matth.
             28.
             
          
           
             Galath
             .
             2.
             7.
             
          
           
             Act.
             23.
             11.
             
          
           
             Act.
             12.
             
          
           
             Iren.
             de
             bares
             .
             lib.
             3.
             cap.
             5.
             
             Fundātes
             beati
             Apostoli
             Petrus
             &
             Paulus
             Romanam
             ecclesiam
             ,
             adminish
             and●●
             ecclesiae
             ●p●sc●patum
             tradidcrunt
             l●no
             .
          
           
             Aug●tract
             .
             50.
             ad
             cap.
             12
             lo.
             Cypr.
             in
             tract
             .
             de
             simpli●cler
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             17.
             8.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Sam.
             7.
             16.
             
             Psal.
             89.
             36.
             
          
           
             Apoc.
             2.
             
          
           
             Ioh.
             8.
             39.
             
          
           
             Rom.
             4.
             16.
             
             &
             9.
             7.
             
             Galat.
             3.
             7.
             
          
           
             Reuel
             .
             2.
             9.
             
          
           
             De
             laudibus
             Athanas●
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Fulg.
             collectan
             .
             lib.
             6.