Distant Reader - subject-coal-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 12 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 195,990 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 16,332 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 85. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

water, air, weight, one, shall, may, will, inches, see, must, foot, pressure, mercury, much, vvater, newcastle, surface, two, page, coal, coals, yet, reason, great, within, part, first, time, therefore, pound, town, river, made, now, chap, king, without, ships, make, pillar, though, many, mayor, man, found, every, high, men, body, less

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The hydrostaticks, or, The weight, force, and pressure of fluid bodies, made evident by physical, and sensible experiments together vvith some miscellany observations, the last whereof is a short history of coal, and of all the common, and proper accidents thereof, a subject never treated of before / by G.S., Englands grievance discovered, in relation to the coal-trade with the map of the river of Tine, and situation of the town and corporation of Newcastle : the tyrannical oppression of those magistrates, their charters and grants, the several tryals, depositions, and judgements obtained against them : with a breviate of several statutes proving repugnant to their actings : with proposals for reducing the excessive rates of coals for the future, and the rise of their grants, appearing in this book / by Ralph Gardiner ..., and To the Right Honourable and Honourable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesties treasury Sir William Creagh ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

see chap, will find, foot high, early english, english books, let us, six inches, books online, see stat, air within, us suppose, inches thick, foot deep, one inch, one another, letters pattents, stagnant mercury, inches high, see ch, per chalder, one part, unequal pressure, fluid bodies, weighs pound, whole weight, weigh pound, imaginary surface, king john, natural weight, creation partnership, text creation, page images, inches long, four foot, just weight, much pressure, king james, ye shall, two fluids, water foot, fathom deep, counterpoise one, one foot, one half, taken away, seven miles, per annum, much water, king henry, nothing else

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are By the King. A proclamation for taking away any restraint for the future on the price of coals. To the supream authority of this nation, the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England. The humble petition and appeal of Josiah Prymat of London, leatherseller., and At the general quarter-sessions of the publick peace holden for the City of London by adjournament at Justice-hall in the old Baily London, on VVednesday the xij day of January in the year of our Lord 1652 before John Fowke Maior of the City of London, Thomas Atkins, Thomas Andrewes, Thomas Foote, John Kendricke, aldermen of the City of London, and William Steel recorder of the same city, Samuel Avery, Robert Titchborne and John Dethicke, aldermen of the said city, and other their fellowes justices assigned to keep the publick peace in the City of London, and also to hear and determine divers fellonies, trespasses and other misdemeanours within the same city committed..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

london, coals, woodmongers, water, tub, trade, town, text, tcp, successors, shields, sea, river, pressure, pipe, pillar, parliament, page, oath, newcastle, mercury, meeting, mayor, majesties, lord, laws, law, king, house, glass, friends, fluid, english, early, county, corporation, commons, coal, charter, chap, chalder, burgesses, ballast, arthur, air

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be water, and Die Sabbati 28. Ianua: 1642. An order made by the Commons assembled in Parliament, concerning the rate of coales. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

weight, inches, air, foot, surface, reason, part, time, pound, e, pressure, man, b, coals, ships, a, men, d, body, ground, g, place, others, top, motion, h, year, force, water, text, parts, c, power, things, fathom, ship, way, one, person, persons, course, t, self, people, hath, orifice, cause, day, end, case

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, said, are, have, was, being, were, see, had, do, made, been, make, ''s, found, according, find, take, let, did, say, come, having, done, answer, go, put, seing, taken, called, suppose, weigh, give, thorow, press, comes, cast, set, weighs, counterpoise, coming, given, support, pay, hath, going, sustain, sent, know

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

water, c., mercury, air, newcastle, vvater, coal, page, town, river, king, mayor, b, pillar, pressure, chap, f, c, e, tub, england, a, pipe, burgesses, fo, london, glass, law, g, coals, mr., k, lord, sea, fluid, parliament, m, hath, s, d, stat, ark, l, cylinder, ballast, john, ballance, oath, n, tyne

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, i, they, their, his, them, he, you, we, him, your, its, our, us, her, my, themselves, himself, me, she, thy, thee, yours, theirs, ye, mine, whereof, one, yow, vvith, ours, ix, hers, ay

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, same, such, great, more, much, many, own, first, able, whole, high, full, second, good, less, heavier, greater, true, little, evident, small, equal, free, several, third, common, most, last, heavy, new, prest, clear, poor, lighter, thick, long, considerable, open, certain, stagnant, higher, next, unequal, like, large, early, stronger, deep, natural

not, so, then, up, as, down, more, therefore, now, only, out, also, here, in, much, thereof, very, never, most, well, first, yet, far, again, even, namely, above, before, sometimes, away, there, likewise, next, no, further, off, ever, less, secondly, long, onely, consequently, about, often, thus, thirdly, naturally, easily, exactly, whatsoever

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.