subject-coinage-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 47 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 208,081 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 4,427 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 86. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

money, will, silver, one, text, shall, tcp, coin, value, may, shillings, weight, english, half, two, now, eebo, time, pence, made, make, trade, gold, much, england, must, great, standard, bullion, first, ounce, new, per, tei, early, every, price, therefore, pieces, crown, texts, us, books, three, present, piece, commodities, pound, six, moneys

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Further considerations concerning raising the value of money wherein Mr. Lowndes''s arguments for it in his late Report concerning an essay for the amendment of the silver coins, are particularly examined., A report containing an essay for the amendment of the silver coins, and Several assertations proved in order to create another species of money than gold and silver.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

early english, english books, books online, creation partnership, text creation, per cent, page images, pound weight, characters represented, represented either, tcp schema, image sets, five shillings, early works, six shillings, one hundred, peny weight, per ounce, two carats, old standard, privy council, will never, will make, silver coins, proquest page, images scanned, bit group, online text, providing financial, encoded text, one fifth, image set, tiff page, text transcribed, batch review, financial support, tcp assigned, creative commons, institutions providing, iv tiff, work described, pfs batch, markup reviewed, encoded edition, commercial purposes, xml conversion, without asking, asking permission, will remain, gap elements

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are By the King, a proclamation. Whereas the Lords spiritual and temporal, and the knights, citizens, and burgesses in Parliament assembled, having taken into their serious consideration, the great mischiefs which this Our Kingdom lies under, by reason that the coin, which passes in payment, is generally clipped; ... A proclamation for opening the mint, and Proclamation for crying down the silver Scots crown-piece, and the fourty shilling, twenty shilling, ten shilling, and five shilling Scots pieces to their former rates..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, money, silver, coin, trade, early, english, ounce, mint, coyn, value, thomas, people, nation, moneys, goods, england, commodities, bullion, weight, tickets, standard, shilling, securities, scots, scotland, pound, plate, piece, peny, pence, old, mony, men, march, man, lowndes, lieutenant, laws, lands, kingdome, king, invention, half, guineas, graines, gold, dutton, doctor, denomination

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be money, and A proclamation anent the mint, and declaring Spanish ryals current, at fifty six shilling Scots is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. silver - A report containing an essay for the amendment of the silver coins
2. text - Proclamation crying down the English milned crowns and half-crowns ordaining the old-merk and half-merk-pieces to pass, and stopping the taking of bullion, at the mint-house.
3. money - Sir Thomas Roe his speech in Parliament wherein he sheweth the cause of the decay of coyne and trade in this land, especially of merchants trade, and also propoundeth a vvay to the House, how they may be increased.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. text, tcp, english - The best way of disposing of hammer''d money and plate as well for the advantage of the owners thereof, as for raising one million of money, in (and for the service of) the year 1697. By way of a lottery.
2. silver, money, coin - Further considerations concerning raising the value of money wherein Mr. Lowndes''s arguments for it in his late Report concerning an essay for the amendment of the silver coins, are particularly examined.
3. money, silver, coin - Decus & tutamen, or, Our new money as now coined in full weight and fineness proved to be for the honour, safety and advantage of England, written by way of answer to Sir Richard Temple and Dr. Barbon ; to which is added an essay to preserve our new money from being hoarded, melted down, transported or counterfeited.
4. money, lands, bills - Several assertations proved in order to create another species of money than gold and silver
5. trade, text, money - Sir Thomas Rowe his speech at the councell-table touching brasse-money, or against brasse-money, with many notable observations thereupon, Iuly, 1640.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

money, silver, value, text, time, s., texts, shillings, pence, weight, characters, pieces, price, works, part, t, xml, books, reason, l., graines, work, half, image, images, quantity, gold, page, way, d., rate, edition, project, keying, eebo, elements, encoding, data, commodities, author, thing, people, loss, title, piece, penny, nation, interest, number, things

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, have, was, are, were, been, made, make, do, being, said, has, had, encoded, take, according, given, paid, raising, think, pay, based, raised, say, receive, go, done, brought, coined, did, pass, having, give, bring, -, published, taken, set, represented, marked, create, corrected, created, called, answer, carried, making, let, put

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

silver, tcp, coin, england, money, weight, bullion, trade, shillings, english, standard, crown, ounce, text, tei, eebo, mint, king, gold, pound, moneys, oxford, d., mony, pence, half, new, kingdom, crowns, exchange, creation, clipt, proquest, phase, partnership, value, piece, publick, mr., pounds, cent, sterling, c., commodities, tale, parliament, old, scotland, coins, london

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, our, i, their, they, we, his, he, them, its, us, my, him, you, me, your, themselves, himself, her, one, theirs, ours, she, ''s, whereof, l, ii, ye, mine, itself, hers, coin''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, same, such, more, great, early, first, present, good, english, much, own, true, new, greater, many, less, general, available, worth, several, little, old, equal, illegible, last, due, necessary, former, current, better, most, least, certain, small, second, light, possible, large, weighty, common, original, usual, sufficient, subject, short, like, clear, whole, half

not, so, then, now, as, therefore, more, only, very, out, in, here, much, down, thereof, well, also, never, up, thereby, first, online, thus, most, there, yet, again, above, too, even, before, over, ever, abroad, away, far, early, apiece, humbly, always, already, sometimes, otherwise, rather, less, usually, all, else, especially, soon

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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