A sermon against clipping, preach'd before the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor and court of aldermen, at Guild-Hall Chappel, on Decemb. 16. 1694 by W. Fleetwood.
         Fleetwood, William, 1656-1723.
      
       
         
           1694
        
      
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             A sermon against clipping, preach'd before the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor and court of aldermen, at Guild-Hall Chappel, on Decemb. 16. 1694 by W. Fleetwood.
             Fleetwood, William, 1656-1723.
          
           [2], 29, [3] p.
           
             Printed by T. Hodgkin, and are to be sold by J. Whitlock,
             London :
             1694.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Coinage -- Sermons.
           Sermons, English -- 17th century.
           Adulterated coins -- Sermons.
        
      
    
     
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           Mr.
           
           FLEETWOOD's
           SERMON
           AGAINST
           CLIPPING
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             Lane
             ,
             Mayor
             .
          
           
             Cur
             '
             specialis
             tent
             '
             
               die
               Dominico
               xvi
               die
               December
               is
               1694.
               
               Annoque
               Regis
               &
               Reginae
               Willielmi
               &
               Mariae
               Angl
               '
               ,
               
               &c.
               Sexto
               .
            
          
        
         
           This
           Court
           doth
           desire
           Mr.
           Fleetwood
           to
           Print
           his
           SERMON
           ,
           this
           Day
           preached
           at
           the
           Guild-Hall
           Chappel
           ,
           before
           the
           Lord
           MAYOR
           and
           Aldermen
           of
           this
           City
           .
        
         
           
             Goodfellow
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           Imprimatur
           .
        
         
           
             Carolus
             Alston
             R.
             P.
             D.
             Hen.
             Episc
             .
             Lond.
             à
             Sacris
             .
          
           
             Decemb.
             18.
             1694.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           SERMON
           AGAINST
           CLIPPING
           ,
           Preach'd
           before
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           the
           Lord
           Mayor
           AND
           Court
           of
           ALDERMEN
           ,
           AT
           GVILD-HALL
           Chappel
           ,
           On
           Decemb.
           16.
           1694.
           
        
         
           By
           
             W.
             FLEETWOOD
          
           ,
           Chaplain
           in
           Ordinary
           to
           Their
           Majesties
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Tho.
             Hodgkin
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           Sold
           by
           
             John
             Whitlock
          
           ,
           near
           Stationers-Hall
           ,
           1694.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           
             
               GENESIS
               xxiii
               .
               16.
               
            
             And
             Abraham
             weighed
             to
             Ephron
             the
             Silver
             which
             he
             had
             named
             ,
             in
             the
             audience
             of
             the
             Sons
             of
             Heth
             ,
             four
             hundred
             Shekels
             of
             Silver
             ,
             currant
             Money
             with
             the
             Merchant
             .
          
        
         
           AFter
           a
           generous
           Contest
           betwixt
           
             Ephron
             the
             Hittite
          
           ,
           offering
           freely
           as
           a
           Gift
           
             the
             Cave
             of
             Machpelah
          
           ,
           and
           Abraham
           handsomly
           refusing
           so
           to
           take
           it
           ,
           but
           desiring
           earnestly
           
             to
             purchase
             it
             for
             a
             possession
             of
             a
             burying-place
             amongst
             them
             ,
          
           at
           an
           appointed
           Price
           ,
           it
           was
           agreed
           ,
           That
           he
           should
           pay
           Four
           hundred
           Shekels
           of
           Silver
           for
           it
           .
           And
           Moses
           tells
           us
           in
           the
           Text
           ,
           That
           
             Abraham
             weighed
             to
             Ephron
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           Of
           which
           Words
           ,
           the
           Use
           that
           I
           intend
           to
           make
           ,
           at
           present
           ,
           will
           be
           this
           ,
           to
           take
           occasion
           from
           them
           to
           consider
           .
           First
           ,
           The
           Use
           and
           Necessity
           of
           Money
           to
           the
           carrying
           on
           the
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           of
           the
           World.
           Secondly
           ,
           The
           Mischiefs
           of
           corrupting
           and
           debasing
           Money
           ,
           the
           coyning
           of
           bad
           Metal
           ,
           or
           the
           
           clipping
           and
           stealing
           from
           good
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           The
           Reasonableness
           and
           Justice
           of
           the
           Laws
           that
           punish
           such
           Offenders
           .
        
         
           
             I.
             
          
           
             First
             ,
             Of
             the
             Use
             and
             Necessity
             of
             Money
             to
             the
             carrying
             on
             the
             Trade
             and
             Commerce
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             Men
             finding
             it
             ,
             at
             first
             ,
             impossible
             to
             subsist
             of
             themselves
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             immediate
             Product
             of
             their
             own
             Labours
             ,
             were
             constrain'd
             to
             have
             recourse
             to
             one
             another
             ,
             to
             supply
             their
             Wants
             :
             They
             carried
             what
             they
             had
             the
             greatest
             plenty
             of
             ,
             and
             best
             could
             spare
             ,
             to
             purchase
             what
             they
             needed
             most
             ,
             at
             another's
             Hands
             ;
             who
             gave
             them
             what
             they
             came
             for
             ,
             in
             consideration
             of
             what
             they
             brought
             ,
             if
             he
             found
             it
             valuable
             with
             others
             ,
             or
             useful
             to
             himself
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             ,
             it
             is
             agreed
             ,
             the
             way
             Men
             took
             at
             first
             ,
             in
             the
             Infancy
             of
             Time
             and
             Trade
             ,
             to
             furnish
             themselves
             with
             the
             Necessaries
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             Conveniencies
             of
             Life
             ,
             by
             Bartering
             and
             Exchanging
             one
             Commodity
             for
             another
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             was
             found
             to
             be
             very
             inconvenient
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             its
             being
             difficult
             to
             agree
             upon
             the
             Price
             and
             Value
             of
             what
             each
             had
             in
             his
             Possession
             ;
             and
             the
             trouble
             of
             carrying
             and
             transporting
             Goods
             and
             Cattle
             from
             Place
             to
             Place
             ,
             and
             losing
             oftentimes
             their
             Pains
             and
             
             Labour
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             no
             one
             wanted
             what
             they
             brought
             ,
             nor
             would
             exchange
             ,
             unless
             they
             would
             part
             with
             it
             ,
             to
             their
             great
             loss
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             to
             prevent
             these
             Inconveniencies
             ,
             it
             was
             agreed
             upon
             (
             we
             know
             not
             when
             ,
             nor
             how
             ,
             exactly
             )
             that
             something
             should
             be
             us'd
             in
             common
             by
             them
             all
             ,
             with
             which
             they
             should
             be
             able
             to
             purchase
             every
             thing
             they
             wanted
             ,
             from
             another
             ;
             and
             by
             which
             they
             might
             rate
             and
             value
             all
             things
             that
             they
             had
             themselves
             :
             To
             set
             up
             (
             in
             a
             word
             )
             some
             one
             particular
             thing
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             common
             Measure
             of
             the
             Worth
             and
             Price
             of
             every
             thing
             besides
             :
             And
             this
             was
             to
             be
             something
             that
             was
             portable
             ,
             for
             ease
             and
             convenience
             ;
             something
             durable
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             not
             by
             constant
             use
             wear
             soon
             away
             ;
             and
             something
             not
             over-scarce
             ,
             nor
             over-common
             ;
             and
             something
             ,
             lastly
             ,
             that
             was
             beautiful
             .
             All
             these
             Qualities
             concurring
             in
             Metals
             ,
             such
             as
             Brass
             and
             Copper
             ,
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             ,
             they
             were
             each
             of
             them
             pitched
             upon
             ,
             by
             several
             Nations
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Plenty
             ,
             or
             the
             Scarcity
             they
             had
             of
             them
             ,
             to
             serve
             to
             all
             the
             above-nam'd
             Purposes
             :
             And
             this
             great
             thing
             that
             was
             to
             counter-balance
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             the
             Preacher
             says
             it
             does
             ,
             Eccles
             .
             x.
             19.
             )
             to
             
               answer
               all
               things
            
             else
             ,
             was
             what
             we
             now
             call
             Money
             .
          
           
           
             How
             long
             this
             thing
             has
             been
             in
             practice
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             is
             of
             no
             great
             ▪
             Use
             to
             enquire
             ;
             the
             mention
             of
             it
             in
             the
             Text
             ,
             is
             older
             than
             we
             can
             find
             in
             any
             Book
             besides
             ,
             by
             at
             least
             Seven
             hundred
             Years
             ,
             and
             yet
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             but
             Money
             was
             us'd
             before
             the
             Days
             of
             Abraham
             .
             But
             what
             is
             to
             our
             purpose
             to
             observe
             ,
             is
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             valued
             both
             by
             Buyer
             and
             Seller
             ,
             according
             to
             its
             Weight
             ;
             and
             all
             the
             Money
             that
             was
             received
             ,
             was
             first
             weighed
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             only
             means
             to
             remedy
             the
             former
             Inconveniencies
             ;
             for
             by
             this
             ,
             a
             Man
             was
             sure
             ,
             that
             he
             received
             so
             much
             Money
             as
             he
             rated
             his
             Goods
             at
             ,
             and
             with
             which
             he
             might
             purchase
             as
             much
             of
             what
             he
             wanted
             ,
             as
             he
             could
             have
             had
             in
             exchange
             for
             his
             Goods
             ,
             without
             the
             trouble
             and
             hazard
             of
             carrying
             them
             up
             and
             down
             .
             For
             Money
             is
             the
             common
             Pawn
             or
             Pledge
             ,
             that
             one
             Man
             takes
             ,
             in
             hopes
             of
             parting
             with
             it
             to
             another
             ,
             for
             what
             he
             wants
             ,
             whenever
             he
             sees
             fit
             .
             But
             this
             could
             never
             be
             ,
             unless
             its
             weight
             were
             certain
             and
             determin'd
             .
             It
             is
             therefore
             sure
             ,
             that
             weight
             is
             Mens
             security
             ,
             and
             the
             true
             intrinsick
             worth
             of
             Money
             .
          
           
             But
             because
             it
             was
             too
             troublesome
             ,
             and
             took
             up
             too
             much
             time
             ,
             to
             carry
             Scales
             ,
             and
             weigh
             whatever
             they
             receiv'd
             ,
             Men
             found
             it
             
             convenient
             to
             have
             a
             Stamp
             or
             Mark
             set
             upon
             every
             Piece
             ,
             to
             signifie
             its
             weight
             and
             value
             ;
             by
             which
             Men
             knew
             what
             they
             receiv'd
             or
             paid
             away
             ,
             with
             little
             or
             no
             trouble
             .
          
           
             Yet
             something
             still
             was
             wanting
             to
             secure
             the
             truth
             of
             Payments
             :
             Men
             might
             be
             fraudulent
             and
             false
             ,
             and
             bring
             their
             Money
             ,
             truly
             Mark'd
             and
             Stamp'd
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             just
             Weight
             ,
             but
             of
             somewhat
             a
             baser
             Metal
             ,
             and
             more
             alloy
             than
             it
             should
             truly
             be
             ;
             by
             which
             a
             Trader
             should
             receive
             as
             much
             for
             quantity
             and
             denomination
             as
             he
             ought
             ,
             but
             not
             of
             equal
             fineness
             and
             goodness
             with
             the
             current
             Coin.
             To
             guard
             Men
             therefore
             against
             all
             these
             Mischiefs
             ,
             and
             to
             keep
             them
             from
             doing
             and
             receiving
             Injuries
             ,
             and
             from
             imposing
             one
             upon
             another
             ,
             and
             to
             secure
             Trade
             ,
             it
             was
             judged
             absolutely
             necessary
             to
             intrust
             the
             Kings
             and
             Governours
             of
             Nations
             with
             the
             Care
             and
             Charge
             of
             Coining
             all
             the
             Publick
             Money
             .
             For
             who
             are
             so
             fit
             as
             they
             ,
             who
             are
             presum'd
             to
             be
             the
             Fathers
             of
             their
             People
             ,
             the
             Men
             of
             greatest
             Honour
             and
             Integrity
             ,
             who
             are
             the
             most
             concern'd
             ,
             and
             have
             the
             most
             to
             win
             or
             lose
             ,
             and
             who
             are
             appointed
             and
             set
             up
             by
             God
             and
             Man
             ,
             for
             no
             other
             end
             and
             purpose
             than
             to
             consult
             ,
             procure
             ,
             and
             conserve
             
             the
             general
             Good
             of
             their
             respective
             People
             :
             Who
             are
             so
             fit
             as
             they
             to
             have
             this
             Charge
             committed
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             is
             of
             such
             Importance
             ,
             and
             so
             universal
             a
             concern
             ?
             So
             that
             now
             we
             have
             the
             Publick
             Faith
             and
             Conscience
             ,
             Interest
             and
             Honour
             ,
             all
             engag'd
             to
             secure
             to
             the
             Receiver
             the
             Weight
             and
             Fineness
             of
             every
             single
             Piece
             of
             Money
             .
             The
             Heads
             of
             Princes
             are
             not
             only
             stamp'd
             for
             Ornament
             and
             Honour
             ,
             and
             to
             declare
             who
             are
             and
             have
             been
             Governours
             of
             such
             a
             Nation
             ,
             but
             publickly
             to
             vouch
             the
             true
             intrinsick
             worth
             of
             every
             Piece
             ,
             and
             tell
             Men
             that
             they
             there
             receive
             so
             much
             Silver
             ,
             and
             of
             such
             a
             fineness
             ,
             and
             that
             that
             Image
             warrants
             it
             :
             And
             for
             this
             cause
             it
             has
             been
             always
             highly
             Penal
             to
             Counterfeit
             the
             Publick
             Stamp
             ,
             and
             to
             Coin
             Money
             ,
             tho'
             of
             equal
             Weight
             and
             Goodness
             with
             the
             King
             's
             :
             Not
             that
             any
             great
             evil
             is
             hereby
             done
             to
             any
             Man
             ,
             but
             that
             if
             this
             were
             indulg'd
             to
             private
             People
             ,
             the
             World
             would
             fall
             again
             into
             distrust
             and
             fear
             ,
             into
             suspicion
             and
             uncertainty
             about
             their
             Money
             ,
             and
             return
             anew
             to
             weighing
             and
             trying
             all
             they
             took
             .
          
           
             This
             is
             the
             short
             Account
             and
             History
             of
             Money
             .
             Necessity
             (
             which
             grows
             continually
             ,
             and
             will
             do
             so
             to
             the
             World's
             end
             )
             first
             introduc'd
             
             the
             use
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             it
             could
             not
             be
             useful
             but
             by
             being
             the
             common
             Standard
             and
             Measure
             of
             the
             Price
             and
             Worth
             of
             every
             thing
             besides
             ;
             and
             it
             could
             not
             be
             this
             ,
             but
             by
             being
             of
             such
             a
             certain
             and
             determined
             Weight
             and
             Fineness
             ;
             and
             of
             this
             we
             could
             not
             be
             secure
             ,
             without
             much
             Pains
             and
             Trouble
             ,
             but
             by
             entrusting
             the
             Coinage
             of
             it
             to
             Kings
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             they
             Commissionate
             and
             Appoint
             ,
             to
             see
             that
             the
             Commonwealth
             receive
             no
             dammage
             .
          
        
         
           
             II.
             
          
           
             We
             are
             now
             in
             the
             
               Second
               Place
            
             ,
             to
             see
             the
             Mischiefs
             of
             corrupting
             and
             debasing
             Money
             ,
             the
             Coining
             bad
             Metal
             ,
             and
             the
             Clipping
             and
             Stealing
             from
             good
             .
          
           
             The
             Coining
             even
             of
             good
             Metal
             and
             full
             Weight
             ,
             is
             (
             we
             have
             seen
             above
             )
             of
             ill
             Example
             ,
             and
             of
             ill
             Consequence
             ,
             when
             done
             by
             Private
             People
             ,
             and
             without
             Authority
             ,
             because
             it
             lays
             the
             way
             open
             to
             Deceit
             and
             Fraud
             ,
             and
             takes
             away
             the
             Trust
             and
             Security
             Men
             have
             in
             the
             Princes
             faithful
             and
             honest
             dealing
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             brings
             them
             again
             to
             a
             state
             of
             jealousie
             and
             caution
             each
             of
             one
             another
             .
             But
             ,
             to
             be
             sure
             ,
             the
             Coining
             of
             bad
             Metal
             ,
             must
             be
             mischievous
             :
             Just
             so
             much
             Mischief
             and
             Injury
             must
             needs
             be
             done
             to
             every
             individual
             
             Man
             that
             takes
             it
             ,
             as
             there
             is
             wanting
             of
             the
             usual
             Weight
             and
             Fineness
             in
             each
             single
             Piece
             .
             Suppose
             ,
             for
             instance
             ,
             Men
             should
             mix
             one
             third
             of
             baser
             Metal
             with
             their
             Silver
             ,
             and
             put
             it
             off
             for
             good
             and
             true
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             it
             pretends
             to
             be
             ;
             't
             is
             manifest
             ,
             that
             every
             one
             receiving
             such
             a
             Piece
             would
             be
             impos'd
             upon
             ,
             and
             lose
             one
             third
             of
             what
             he
             ought
             to
             have
             :
             For
             the
             Publick
             Faith
             engages
             ,
             that
             every
             Man
             receiving
             a
             Piece
             of
             such
             a
             Mark
             and
             Denomination
             ,
             shall
             receive
             in
             it
             so
             much
             Silver
             ,
             and
             of
             such
             a
             Fineness
             ;
             and
             here
             a
             Man
             receives
             but
             Twenty
             Pence
             for
             Half
             a
             Crown
             ,
             whose
             Stamp
             proclaims
             it
             is
             to
             go
             for
             Thirty
             .
             The
             Case
             indeed
             is
             not
             so
             well
             as
             I
             put
             it
             ,
             for
             they
             who
             Coin
             false
             Money
             ,
             give
             us
             neither
             a
             fifth
             nor
             sixth
             part
             of
             good
             Silver
             ;
             and
             all
             that
             is
             wanting
             is
             so
             much
             Cheat
             and
             real
             Injury
             :
             So
             that
             that
             impudent
             Demand
             of
             
               Who
               is
               hereby
               Wronged
            
             ?
             can
             find
             no
             Place
             ;
             for
             every
             one
             is
             wronged
             that
             takes
             this
             Money
             ,
             and
             every
             one
             is
             actually
             a
             loser
             more
             or
             less
             ,
             by
             reason
             it
             quickly
             stops
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             currant
             :
             Here
             every
             body
             sees
             and
             feels
             the
             Injury
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             falls
             upon
             the
             Poor
             and
             Labouring
             Man
             ,
             he
             loses
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             his
             Day
             's
             Work
             ,
             and
             the
             Family
             its
             Subsistence
             and
             Provision
             :
             But
             I
             
             put
             the
             Case
             so
             fair
             ,
             that
             I
             may
             not
             multiply
             particulars
             ,
             but
             join
             the
             Clipping
             of
             good
             Money
             with
             the
             Coining
             of
             bad
             ,
             and
             mixing
             baser
             Metal
             with
             Silver
             :
             For
             if
             Half
             a
             Crown
             be
             Clip'd
             to
             Twenty
             Pence
             ,
             it
             is
             equal
             to
             Half
             a
             Crown
             not
             Clip'd
             ,
             that
             has
             but
             Twenty
             Pence
             of
             Silver
             in
             it
             .
             And
             the
             Injury
             to
             Private
             People
             is
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             therefore
             I
             consider
             them
             as
             one
             and
             the
             same
             Offence
             ,
             in
             that
             they
             both
             alike
             defraud
             the
             Receiver
             of
             what
             is
             his
             due
             ;
             for
             there
             the
             Injustice
             lies
             :
             that
             is
             the
             Sin
             at
             the
             bottom
             ;
             there
             is
             so
             much
             stollen
             from
             every
             Man
             as
             there
             is
             less
             given
             him
             than
             he
             should
             receive
             .
          
           
             And
             this
             administers
             occasion
             to
             People
             ,
             either
             Strangers
             or
             Natives
             ,
             to
             Cheat
             us
             even
             with
             true
             Silver
             ;
             for
             they
             may
             secretly
             Coin
             us
             (
             as
             't
             is
             probable
             they
             do
             )
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             true
             Silver
             ,
             but
             not
             of
             full
             Weight
             ,
             and
             putting
             it
             off
             under
             the
             shelter
             of
             Clip'd
             Money
             ,
             do
             gain
             thereby
             at
             least
             one
             third
             .
             Now
             no
             one
             gains
             but
             what
             another
             loses
             in
             such
             Bargains
             .
             By
             this
             the
             Foreigners
             (
             that
             are
             but
             dextrous
             and
             will
             venture
             )
             have
             opportunity
             of
             purchasing
             what
             Commodities
             they
             please
             ,
             and
             paying
             us
             with
             little
             Money
             ,
             for
             which
             they
             must
             otherwise
             (
             were
             there
             no
             Money
             Clip'd
             )
             give
             us
             good
             Silver
             ,
             and
             
             full
             Weight
             ,
             either
             of
             theirs
             ,
             or
             our
             own
             Coin.
             
          
           
             Thus
             Clipping
             lays
             us
             open
             to
             the
             Cheats
             and
             Injuries
             of
             all
             the
             World
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             of
             our
             own
             People
             .
             I
             do
             not
             say
             that
             Strangers
             do
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             may
             improve
             the
             Villany
             and
             Injustice
             of
             our
             own
             Clippers
             ,
             to
             their
             own
             advantage
             ,
             and
             to
             our
             farther
             Mischief
             ;
             and
             't
             is
             a
             wonder
             if
             they
             do
             not
             :
             For
             it
             is
             not
             very
             likely
             that
             one
             Nation
             should
             raise
             the
             value
             of
             its
             Money
             above
             its
             true
             intrinsick
             worth
             (
             which
             is
             indeed
             its
             Weight
             and
             Fineness
             )
             but
             that
             its
             Neighbours
             will
             have
             some
             advantage
             by
             it
             ,
             by
             Importing
             Money
             of
             the
             like
             Weight
             with
             that
             which
             goes
             Currant
             .
             Now
             the
             passing
             of
             Money
             Clip'd
             ,
             for
             Money
             of
             just
             Weight
             ,
             is
             ,
             in
             effect
             and
             truth
             ,
             raising
             our
             Money
             ,
             and
             making
             that
             to
             go
             for
             Thirty
             Pence
             ,
             which
             is
             indeed
             but
             worth
             Twenty
             .
             And
             therefore
             there
             is
             ,
             at
             least
             ,
             some
             hazard
             of
             Foreigners
             Coining
             and
             Importing
             Money
             of
             equal
             Weight
             and
             Fineness
             with
             our
             own
             ,
             which
             cannot
             possibly
             be
             done
             ,
             without
             our
             great
             prejudice
             :
             Now
             this
             could
             never
             come
             to
             pass
             without
             our
             Clipping
             ,
             for
             that
             alone
             it
             is
             that
             gives
             them
             opportunity
             ;
             that
             is
             the
             handle
             they
             may
             take
             their
             hold
             of
             :
             And
             if
             we
             do
             not
             see
             Money
             of
             this
             kind
             pass
             commonly
             about
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             Argument
             that
             there
             
             is
             none
             Imported
             from
             abroad
             ,
             nor
             Coin'd
             at
             home
             ,
             for
             a
             little
             Art
             is
             sufficient
             (
             they
             say
             )
             to
             cover
             that
             deceit
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             pass
             for
             old
             .
          
           
             Well
             ,
             but
             the
             Money
             passes
             still
             for
             good
             and
             currant
             Coin
             ,
             and
             where
             is
             then
             the
             Mischief
             ?
             a
             little
             Shilling
             buys
             as
             much
             as
             a
             great
             one
             ,
             and
             the
             Name
             and
             Character
             of
             Pieces
             are
             as
             good
             a
             Standard
             and
             Measure
             of
             the
             Price
             and
             Worth
             of
             all
             things
             else
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             full
             Weight
             ,
             and
             answered
             to
             their
             Name
             and
             Character
             ;
             and
             therefore
             where
             is
             the
             Offence
             and
             Injury
             ?
             who
             is
             hereby
             wronged
             ?
             This
             indeed
             is
             the
             last
             resort
             of
             all
             the
             Patrons
             of
             this
             Practice
             ;
             the
             Refuge
             to
             which
             the
             Guilty
             fly
             themselves
             ,
             and
             the
             consideration
             that
             stirs
             the
             Peoples
             pitty
             at
             their
             Sufferings
             ;
             they
             think
             that
             hereby
             none
             is
             Injur'd
             ,
             but
             this
             is
             a
             mistake
             ,
             for
             every
             one
             is
             Injur'd
             more
             or
             less
             by
             Clipping
             .
             The
             Merchant
             that
             Exports
             more
             Goods
             from
             home
             ,
             than
             he
             Imports
             from
             abroad
             ,
             must
             unavoidably
             discharge
             the
             over-ballance
             with
             good
             Money
             ;
             this
             he
             can
             never
             do
             with
             Clip'd
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             not
             
               Caesar's
               Face
            
             and
             Titles
             ,
             but
             Weight
             and
             Goodness
             that
             procure
             Credit
             :
             And
             if
             a
             Foreigner
             Import
             more
             of
             his
             Country
             Goods
             than
             he
             carries
             away
             of
             ours
             ,
             the
             over-ballance
             must
             be
             paid
             in
             weighty
             Money
             ,
             for
             the
             Clip'd
             will
             not
             
             go
             abroad
             :
             Now
             ,
             if
             the
             Exportation
             of
             our
             weighty
             Money
             (
             which
             is
             only
             now
             the
             Mill'd
             )
             be
             a
             mischief
             to
             the
             Nation
             ,
             we
             see
             it
             is
             occasion'd
             chiefly
             by
             the
             Clipping
             :
             for
             if
             the
             Old
             were
             of
             the
             same
             due
             Weight
             with
             the
             New
             (
             as
             it
             is
             before
             these
             Thieves
             steal
             from
             it
             )
             the
             New
             and
             Old
             would
             be
             Exported
             alike
             ;
             and
             then
             the
             Complaint
             would
             only
             be
             of
             the
             Exportation
             of
             Money
             in
             general
             ;
             which
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             Good
             or
             Evil
             to
             a
             Nation
             ,
             I
             have
             nothing
             to
             say
             :
             Only
             one
             cannot
             help
             seeing
             ,
             that
             as
             there
             is
             Law
             on
             one
             side
             ,
             so
             there
             is
             unavoidable
             Necessity
             on
             the
             other
             ,
             if
             we
             Import
             more
             Foreign
             Goods
             than
             we
             carry
             out
             of
             our
             own
             Kingdom
             .
             I
             am
             only
             concern'd
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             if
             Exporting
             our
             New-Money
             be
             a
             mischief
             ,
             it
             is
             owing
             especially
             to
             the
             Clipping
             of
             the
             Old
             ;
             and
             that
             therefore
             Clipping
             is
             Injurious
             .
             And
             if
             we
             do
             not
             give
             these
             Foreigners
             our
             weighty
             Money
             in
             exchange
             for
             their
             Commodities
             ,
             because
             we
             cannot
             get
             it
             ,
             yet
             we
             must
             give
             them
             Goods
             proportionably
             more
             or
             better
             ;
             They
             will
             not
             be
             Losers
             by
             our
             Clipping
             :
             They
             will
             either
             contract
             for
             Money
             of
             full
             Weight
             (
             if
             they
             be
             to
             carry
             Money
             home
             ,
             or
             to
             another
             Trading
             Country
             )
             or
             for
             proportionable
             allowance
             in
             the
             Goods
             they
             take
             for
             what
             they
             bring
             .
             And
             what
             is
             the
             consequence
             
             of
             a
             Merchant's
             paying
             more
             for
             what
             he
             buys
             of
             a
             Foreigner
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             will
             ask
             a
             better
             Price
             of
             the
             Retailer
             ?
             And
             the
             Consequence
             of
             that
             must
             needs
             be
             ,
             that
             every
             one
             that
             buys
             must
             make
             amends
             for
             the
             Defect
             of
             clip'd
             Money
             .
             And
             thus
             the
             Injury
             is
             universal
             ;
             all
             that
             consume
             Commodities
             of
             Foreign
             growth
             or
             make
             ,
             are
             affected
             more
             or
             less
             by
             this
             first
             Injury
             ;
             but
             because
             the
             Mischief
             is
             so
             general
             ,
             and
             diffus'd
             ,
             and
             at
             such
             distance
             and
             remove
             ,
             Men
             either
             think
             not
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             but
             slightly
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             An
             Instance
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             ,
             will
             make
             the
             Matter
             plain
             to
             every
             one
             .
             Suppose
             then
             that
             a
             Foreigner
             import
             (
             and
             it
             is
             the
             same
             thing
             ,
             as
             if
             we
             fetch'd
             )
             from
             abroad
             ,
             Goods
             to
             the
             value
             of
             Thirty
             thousand
             Pounds
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             Silver
             only
             ,
             and
             not
             Goods
             that
             he
             will
             have
             in
             exchange
             for
             what
             he
             brings
             :
             You
             are
             therefore
             sure
             ,
             that
             he
             means
             not
             Thirty
             thousand
             Pounds
             in
             clip'd
             Money
             ,
             for
             that
             he
             sees
             is
             no
             more
             worth
             than
             Twenty
             ;
             and
             you
             may
             call
             it
             how
             ,
             or
             what
             you
             please
             ,
             at
             home
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             not
             ,
             as
             the
             Text
             expresses
             it
             ,
             
               Money
               currant
               with
               the
               Merchant
               ;
               i.
               e.
            
             with
             one
             that
             Trades
             abroad
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             of
             full
             Weight
             .
             The
             Commerce
             therefore
             is
             at
             an
             end
             ,
             unless
             you
             can
             procure
             him
             full
             Money
             ;
             which
             being
             impossible
             ,
             (
             we
             may
             well
             enough
             suppose
             it
             so
             ,
             for
             so
             it
             will
             shortly
             be
             ,
             
             without
             all
             peradventure
             )
             it
             must
             be
             made
             up
             of
             the
             clip'd
             ,
             and
             then
             he
             receives
             what
             is
             but
             as
             Thirty
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             it
             may
             be
             very
             near
             Forty
             from
             us
             .
             And
             who
             must
             make
             up
             this
             ,
             but
             we
             that
             buy
             these
             Goods
             at
             second
             ,
             or
             third
             ,
             or
             farther
             hand
             ?
             The
             Merchant
             will
             not
             sell
             that
             for
             Thirty
             which
             cost
             him
             Forty
             ,
             we
             may
             be
             sure
             ;
             and
             therefore
             it
             is
             evident
             ,
             to
             a
             Demonstration
             ,
             That
             every
             one
             pays
             proportionably
             more
             for
             what
             he
             buys
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             Clipping
             ,
             and
             therefore
             every
             one
             is
             cheated
             by
             it
             ,
             and
             cheated
             constantly
             ,
             altho'
             he
             mind
             not
             the
             particulars
             .
          
           
             This
             Evil
             is
             indeed
             avoided
             ,
             where
             Foreigners
             will
             take
             our
             clip'd
             Money
             ,
             in
             assurance
             of
             putting
             it
             off
             again
             ,
             for
             Goods
             they
             want
             to
             carry
             home
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             only
             avoided
             for
             the
             present
             ;
             the
             Nation
             will
             unquestionably
             feel
             it
             ,
             ere
             long
             ,
             to
             their
             great
             smart
             ;
             the
             Punishment
             is
             indeed
             deferr'd
             ,
             but
             every
             one
             knows
             that
             that
             is
             no
             acquittance
             .
          
           
             Suppose
             a
             little
             farther
             .
             That
             a
             Company
             of
             ill-designing
             People
             should
             buy
             up
             all
             the
             Plate
             in
             London
             and
             pay
             for
             it
             in
             clip'd
             Money
             :
             The
             Goldsmiths
             will
             by
             these
             means
             give
             more
             away
             than
             they
             receive
             ,
             by
             at
             least
             one
             third
             of
             Sterling
             Silver
             .
             This
             opens
             the
             way
             to
             their
             prodigious
             loss
             ,
             for
             if
             the
             Money
             should
             be
             call'd
             in
             then
             ,
             (
             and
             why
             not
             then
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             any
             time
             after
             
             or
             besides
             ?
             )
             they
             must
             undoubtedly
             be
             losers
             so
             much
             by
             it
             ;
             and
             why
             should
             any
             Body
             of
             Men
             be
             so
             expos'd
             to
             Ruine
             ,
             by
             such
             Villainy
             ?
             Well
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             content
             to
             Traffick
             at
             this
             Rate
             ;
             yes
             ,
             and
             so
             must
             every
             one
             besides
             ,
             by
             a
             strong
             Necessity
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             still
             in
             hopes
             that
             they
             shall
             pass
             away
             what
             they
             receive
             ,
             at
             the
             same
             Price
             :
             But
             will
             not
             this
             Hope
             perish
             sometime
             or
             other
             ?
             Yes
             ,
             unquestionably
             ,
             but
             because
             we
             know
             not
             when
             ,
             we
             do
             not
             value
             it
             .
          
           
             But
             is
             not
             Clipping
             ,
             notwithstanding
             this
             uncertainty
             of
             Time
             ,
             an
             Injury
             and
             piece
             of
             Theft
             ?
             Because
             we
             do
             not
             feel
             at
             present
             ,
             do
             we
             never
             fear
             a
             Mischief
             for
             the
             future
             ?
             We
             think
             not
             so
             weakly
             in
             any
             other
             Case
             .
             What
             makes
             Men
             plant
             ,
             in
             their
             Estates
             ,
             the
             Trees
             ,
             they
             know
             that
             they
             shall
             never
             reap
             the
             Fruits
             of
             ?
             What
             makes
             them
             build
             the
             Houses
             ,
             that
             will
             last
             for
             many
             Generations
             after
             they
             are
             dead
             and
             gone
             ,
             but
             the
             Care
             and
             Concern
             they
             have
             for
             their
             Posterity
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             be
             well
             with
             their
             Children
             ,
             and
             with
             their
             Childrens
             Children
             after
             them
             ?
             We
             see
             Men
             guard
             ,
             in
             all
             their
             Contracts
             ,
             as
             much
             against
             Evils
             to
             come
             ,
             as
             those
             that
             are
             present
             ,
             or
             near
             at
             hand
             .
             If
             a
             Man
             should
             undermine
             our
             House
             ,
             we
             should
             not
             be
             content
             and
             easie
             ,
             altho'
             the
             Men
             of
             skill
             should
             assure
             us
             ,
             it
             would
             last
             and
             
             our
             time
             ,
             with
             all
             security
             ;
             we
             should
             be
             fearful
             that
             it
             might
             not
             do
             so
             ;
             or
             if
             it
             should
             ,
             we
             should
             be
             careful
             for
             our
             Children
             .
          
           
             Whoever
             lays
             the
             Foundation
             of
             our
             Misery
             ,
             does
             then
             begin
             to
             make
             us
             miserable
             ,
             tho'
             we
             may
             not
             feel
             it
             for
             some
             time
             after
             .
             So
             when
             we
             decline
             towards
             old
             Age
             ,
             we
             often
             find
             our selves
             pain'd
             and
             diseas'd
             ,
             with
             the
             Strains
             that
             happened
             in
             Youth
             ,
             and
             vigorous
             Exercises
             ,
             which
             then
             were
             over-look'd
             and
             quite
             neglected
             .
             No
             one
             can
             tell
             exactly
             when
             this
             Mischief
             will
             break
             out
             ,
             and
             what
             the
             Effects
             will
             be
             ;
             but
             let
             them
             be
             as
             kind
             as
             they
             can
             ,
             they
             will
             be
             very
             heavy
             to
             the
             Nation
             .
             When
             once
             the
             suspicion
             of
             calling
             in
             this
             Money
             shall
             appear
             ,
             there
             will
             unavoidably
             be
             a
             suddain
             stop
             of
             Trade
             ,
             among
             Retailers
             ,
             for
             some
             time
             ;
             for
             no
             one
             will
             receive
             what
             he
             is
             sure
             to
             lose
             by
             ;
             and
             this
             ,
             tho'
             it
             be
             short
             ,
             will
             yet
             be
             hard
             and
             grievous
             to
             mean
             People
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             live
             by
             the
             Day
             ,
             who
             will
             not
             know
             how
             to
             find
             themselves
             and
             Families
             with
             Necessaries
             for
             some
             space
             of
             time
             ,
             till
             Money
             get
             into
             its
             old
             Current
             .
          
           
             This
             Mischief
             may
             appear
             short
             and
             inconsiderable
             ;
             but
             be
             it
             so
             ,
             what
             is
             the
             Good
             that
             counter-balances
             it
             ?
             What
             need
             is
             there
             of
             any
             Mischief
             ?
             Why
             should
             these
             Villains
             hazard
             the
             
             Distress
             and
             Misery
             of
             poor
             and
             labouring
             People
             ,
             tho'
             it
             were
             but
             for
             a
             Week
             ?
             The
             Common
             People
             then
             ,
             will
             see
             and
             feel
             the
             Injury
             and
             Mischief
             that
             is
             done
             by
             Clipping
             ,
             which
             now
             they
             cannot
             understand
             ,
             or
             will
             not
             well
             consider
             .
             They
             will
             find
             that
             the
             little
             Money
             they
             then
             have
             ,
             will
             not
             go
             for
             more
             than
             its
             just
             weight
             ;
             and
             be
             convinc'd
             by
             Hunger
             and
             Thirst
             ,
             that
             Clippers
             are
             as
             truly
             Thieves
             and
             Robbers
             ,
             as
             those
             they
             find
             upon
             the
             High-ways
             ,
             or
             breaking
             up
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             do
             as
             well
             deserve
             their
             Chains
             and
             Halters
             .
          
           
             And
             who
             can
             tell
             ,
             whether
             every
             single
             Person
             must
             not
             bear
             his
             own
             Burthen
             ,
             and
             stand
             to
             the
             loss
             of
             all
             that
             is
             wanting
             of
             due
             Weight
             ,
             of
             all
             the
             Money
             he
             is
             Master
             of
             ?
             And
             if
             he
             must
             ,
             the
             Cry
             will
             be
             like
             that
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             loud
             and
             universal
             ,
             for
             every
             Family
             will
             be
             a
             loser
             :
             But
             it
             will
             fall
             severest
             on
             the
             Poor
             ,
             who
             from
             a
             little
             can
             spare
             none
             .
          
           
             One
             of
             our
             Historians
             
               [
               W.
               Hemingford
               ,
               Anno
            
             1180.
             ]
             tells
             us
             ,
             That
             in
             H.
             the
             
             Second's
             time
             ,
             the
             Money
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             was
             so
             corrupt
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             fain
             to
             be
             chang'd
             and
             call'd
             in
             :
             It
             was
             indeed
             necessary
             ,
             but
             it
             fell
             exceeding
             hard
             upon
             the
             Poor
             and
             Country-People
             .
             So
             it
             was
             also
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Hen.
             III.
             upon
             calling
             in
             the
             old
             
             and
             clip'd
             Money
             
               [
               M.
               Paris
               ,
               Anno
            
             1248.
             ]
             by
             Proclamation
             ,
             the
             People
             were
             more
             distress'd
             ,
             than
             if
             Corn
             had
             been
             at
             Half
             a
             Crown
             a
             Bushel
             ,
             (
             which
             was
             then
             ,
             I
             believe
             ,
             equal
             to
             Twelve
             or
             Fourfteen
             Shillings
             now
             )
             for
             the
             new
             Money
             was
             not
             yet
             come
             to
             their
             great
             Towns
             ;
             and
             when
             it
             was
             ,
             they
             receiv'd
             no
             more
             new
             ,
             than
             their
             old
             came
             to
             by
             weight
             ;
             paying
             also
             ,
             over
             and
             above
             ,
             Thirteen
             Pence
             in
             the
             Pound
             for
             Coinage
             ;
             so
             that
             besides
             the
             loss
             of
             Time
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             Charge
             they
             were
             at
             ,
             to
             come
             to
             the
             several
             Places
             of
             Exchange
             ,
             they
             were
             sent
             away
             with
             hardly
             Twenty
             Shillings
             ,
             for
             every
             Thirty
             ,
             that
             they
             brought
             along
             with
             them
             .
             
               Arctabatur
               Populus
               ,
               non
               mediocriter
               damnificatus
               .
            
             The
             People
             were
             straitned
             ,
             and
             receiv'd
             no
             small
             dammage
             ;
             they
             lost
             ,
             you
             see
             ,
             one
             Third
             .
             The
             Poor
             still
             suffered
             most
             ,
             and
             so
             it
             will
             always
             be
             ;
             for
             a
             small
             Weight
             is
             heavy
             to
             the
             Weak
             and
             Faint
             ;
             and
             a
             little
             Loss
             grievous
             to
             such
             as
             have
             but
             little
             .
          
           
             Neither
             ,
             Lastly
             ,
             Is
             the
             Evil
             far
             remov'd
             ,
             altho'
             the
             Publick
             bear
             the
             Loss
             ,
             for
             every
             Man
             is
             Part
             and
             Parcel
             of
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             the
             Mint
             receive
             the
             little
             Money
             in
             ,
             and
             deliver
             out
             good
             and
             full
             ,
             yet
             must
             it
             needs
             be
             ,
             that
             these
             Particulars
             must
             fill
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             in
             return
             for
             what
             they
             have
             receiv'd
             of
             new
             Money
             .
             
             That
             is
             ,
             a
             general
             Tax
             must
             answer
             for
             the
             Robberies
             of
             these
             Villains
             ;
             the
             Good
             and
             Innocent
             ,
             the
             Careful
             and
             Industrious
             People
             ,
             must
             contribute
             to
             the
             making
             up
             the
             loss
             the
             Publick
             sustains
             by
             the
             Injustice
             and
             Theft
             of
             Clippers
             .
             And
             how
             soon
             this
             will
             be
             ,
             no
             one
             can
             tell
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             haste
             that
             is
             made
             to
             make
             it
             necessary
             ,
             it
             cannot
             well
             be
             far
             off
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             spoken
             exceeding
             modestly
             and
             moderately
             ,
             when
             I
             supposed
             we
             were
             only
             cheated
             of
             
               one
               Third
            
             ;
             I
             did
             it
             to
             make
             the
             Case
             plain
             ,
             for
             every
             one
             sees
             ,
             that
             near
             to
             half
             is
             taken
             away
             ,
             which
             opens
             the
             Passage
             to
             a
             Suspicion
             ,
             that
             Covetousness
             as
             well
             as
             Luxury
             ,
             is
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             in
             the
             Crime
             of
             Clipping
             ;
             and
             that
             some
             People
             will
             grow
             Rich
             thereby
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             others
             feed
             their
             Vices
             and
             Necessities
             ;
             for
             it
             does
             not
             seem
             very
             probable
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             Money
             should
             be
             spent
             by
             those
             poor
             and
             mean
             Wretches
             ,
             who
             are
             commonly
             discovered
             to
             live
             by
             this
             unjust
             and
             wicked
             Practice
             :
             The
             Summ
             is
             much
             too
             big
             for
             them
             ;
             and
             one
             cannot
             well
             account
             ,
             how
             almost
             all
             the
             old
             Silver
             that
             circles
             round
             the
             Nation
             ,
             should
             come
             into
             these
             Clippers
             Hands
             in
             the
             compass
             of
             a
             few
             Years
             .
          
           
             But
             with
             this
             I
             have
             little
             to
             do
             .
             It
             is
             enough
             to
             answer
             my
             Design
             and
             Purpose
             ,
             if
             I
             have
             
             shewn
             you
             with
             any
             clearness
             ,
             the
             Mischiefs
             of
             corrupting
             and
             debasing
             Money
             ,
             the
             Coining
             bad
             Metal
             ,
             and
             the
             clipping
             and
             stealing
             from
             good
             ;
             for
             then
             the
             way
             is
             open
             to
             the
             justification
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             that
             are
             made
             to
             punish
             such
             Offenders
             ;
             which
             was
             the
             Third
             and
             last
             Particular
             .
          
        
         
           
             III.
             
          
           
             Nothing
             can
             justifie
             the
             severity
             of
             Legal
             Punishments
             ,
             but
             their
             Necessity
             ;
             and
             nothing
             evidences
             this
             Necessity
             ,
             like
             the
             sight
             and
             knowledge
             of
             those
             Evils
             and
             Mischiefs
             the
             Laws
             design
             to
             prevent
             as
             well
             as
             punish
             :
             And
             therefore
             ,
             the
             laying
             open
             the
             Injuries
             and
             Mischiefs
             of
             Clipping
             and
             Coining
             is
             the
             readiest
             way
             to
             clear
             the
             Reason
             and
             Justice
             of
             such
             Laws
             ,
             as
             doom
             to
             Death
             such
             Malefactors
             .
          
           
             This
             I
             have
             been
             already
             trying
             to
             do
             ,
             and
             tho'
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             ,
             but
             the
             Men
             of
             Skill
             and
             Experience
             in
             Trade
             ,
             and
             Money-matters
             can
             see
             more
             Mischiefs
             than
             I
             mention
             ,
             rising
             from
             these
             Practices
             ,
             yet
             certainly
             these
             mentioned
             are
             sufficient
             to
             acquit
             our
             Laws
             from
             being
             Cruel
             or
             Unjust
             ;
             for
             what
             can
             Laws
             do
             less
             ,
             than
             secure
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             Nation
             (
             which
             is
             much
             concern'd
             in
             the
             Goodness
             and
             Weight
             of
             its
             currant
             Coin
             )
             with
             respect
             to
             Foreigners
             ,
             and
             just
             and
             righteous
             Dealing
             with
             one
             another
             at
             home
             ?
             And
             if
             nothing
             
             less
             than
             Death
             will
             serve
             to
             these
             good
             Ends
             ,
             then
             putting
             Men
             to
             Death
             for
             Clipping
             and
             Coining
             is
             neither
             Cruel
             nor
             Unjust
             .
             And
             tho'
             more
             Pity
             usually
             attends
             these
             Criminals
             than
             others
             ,
             yet
             the
             Laws
             have
             not
             therefore
             less
             of
             Reason
             and
             Equity
             ,
             that
             condemn
             them
             ;
             nor
             is
             their
             Fault
             less
             heinous
             in
             it self
             ,
             or
             mischievous
             to
             others
             .
             But
             our
             Pity
             arises
             from
             hence
             ,
             That
             we
             see
             Men
             going
             to
             suffer
             Death
             for
             a
             Crime
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             know
             of
             none
             that
             are
             undone
             ,
             or
             greatly
             injur'd
             ;
             the
             Evil
             is
             unfix'd
             and
             undetermin'd
             ,
             and
             we
             cannot
             put
             our selves
             into
             their
             Condition
             who
             are
             hurt
             by
             these
             Offenders
             ,
             as
             we
             can
             and
             do
             in
             other
             Cases
             ,
             which
             excites
             our
             Indignation
             .
             Thus
             when
             a
             Thief
             breaks
             in
             upon
             a
             House
             and
             steals
             ,
             we
             are
             immediately
             sensible
             both
             of
             the
             Fright
             and
             Injury
             ,
             which
             a
             particular
             Person
             feels
             ,
             and
             the
             Concern
             we
             have
             for
             him
             and
             his
             Family
             ,
             that
             may
             be
             undone
             by
             the
             Robbery
             ,
             counter-balances
             our
             Pity
             for
             the
             Criminal
             .
             Self
             is
             more
             nearly
             touched
             ,
             for
             this
             may
             be
             the
             Case
             of
             every
             honest
             Man
             ,
             and
             therefore
             fear
             for
             our Selves
             and
             Families
             ,
             as
             in
             danger
             of
             being
             ruin'd
             by
             the
             like
             Villany
             ,
             out-weighs
             our
             Pity
             to
             a
             Felon
             .
             But
             in
             the
             Case
             of
             false
             Coinage
             or
             Clipping
             ,
             we
             think
             immediately
             only
             of
             a
             Dammage
             to
             the
             
             Treasury
             ,
             which
             we
             esteem
             above
             our
             Pity
             :
             Or
             we
             conceive
             a
             Dammage
             publick
             and
             general
             ,
             which
             excites
             no
             pitiful
             Resentments
             in
             us
             ,
             because
             we
             have
             our
             Eye
             on
             no
             particular
             Man
             as
             ruin'd
             or
             undone
             thereby
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             remembrance
             of
             what
             hath
             been
             above-said
             ,
             of
             the
             Mischiefs
             that
             are
             truly
             done
             ,
             both
             to
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             to
             almost
             all
             Particulars
             ,
             will
             change
             this
             ill-plac'd
             and
             mistaken
             Pity
             ,
             and
             transferr
             it
             to
             those
             ,
             that
             suffer
             Want
             and
             Misery
             by
             these
             ill
             Practices
             ,
             altho'
             we
             do
             not
             know
             them
             in
             particular
             ;
             for
             't
             is
             impossible
             that
             so
             much
             Mischief
             should
             be
             done
             ,
             but
             some
             or
             other
             must
             suffer
             by
             it
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             shew
             you
             that
             our
             Laws
             are
             neither
             cruel
             nor
             unjust
             in
             this
             Affair
             ,
             it
             is
             sufficient
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             they
             agree
             with
             the
             Laws
             of
             almost
             all
             Nations
             ,
             which
             seldom
             do
             conspire
             in
             bloody
             and
             inhumane
             Executions
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             considered
             this
             Crime
             of
             Clipping
             and
             Coining
             ,
             generally
             speaking
             ,
             as
             High-Treason
             :
             
               
                 
                   See
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   .
                
                 A
              
            
             They
             made
             exact
             enquiries
             after
             these
             Offenders
             :
             They
             tortured
             Men
             to
             confess
             their
             Accomplices
             :
             They
             allowed
             Rewards
             and
             Privileges
             to
             such
             as
             would
             Impeach
             ;
             if
             they
             were
             Slaves
             ,
             they
             were
             set
             at
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             the
             Exchequer
             paid
             their
             Ransom
             to
             their
             Masters
             :
             If
             
             one
             of
             these
             Offenders
             escap'd
             out
             of
             Custody
             ,
             his
             Keeper
             ,
             if
             privy
             to
             it
             ,
             certainly
             died
             for
             him
             :
             If
             the
             Master
             or
             Owner
             of
             the
             House
             or
             Place
             where
             such
             Offence
             was
             committed
             ,
             were
             conscious
             to
             the
             thing
             ,
             altho'
             not
             actually
             employ'd
             himself
             ,
             he
             forfeited
             his
             House
             ,
             Goods
             ,
             and
             Estate
             ,
             and
             was
             himself
             Transported
             ;
             and
             if
             he
             knew
             nothing
             of
             the
             matter
             ,
             yet
             he
             Forfeited
             his
             House
             ,
             unless
             he
             made
             himself
             the
             first
             discovery
             to
             the
             Magistrate
             (
             to
             oblige
             them
             ,
             I
             suppose
             ,
             to
             greater
             caution
             whom
             they
             trusted
             in
             their
             Houses
             .
             )
             All
             Servants
             ,
             Helpers
             ,
             and
             Assistants
             ,
             were
             also
             Condemn'd
             to
             dye
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             principal
             Agent
             :
             And
             the
             Death
             they
             often
             underwent
             ,
             was
             being
             burnt
             .
             And
             yet
             the
             Romans
             
               
                 
                   See
                
                 B
              
            
             were
             as
             sparing
             of
             Blood
             ,
             and
             as
             merciful
             in
             their
             Executions
             as
             any
             Nation
             whatever
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             of
             the
             Wisigoths
             punished
             these
             kind
             
             of
             Offenders
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             Slaves
             ,
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             their
             Right-hand
             ;
             if
             they
             were
             Freemen
             ,
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             half
             their
             Estates
             ,
             and
             being
             made
             Slaves
             to
             whom
             the
             King
             pleas'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             of
             our
             own
             Country
             in
             King
             
             Athelstan's
             
               
            
             time
             ,
             punished
             them
             (
             as
             above
             )
             with
             the
             cutting
             off
             their
             Right-hands
             ,
             and
             fixing
             them
             over
             the
             place
             where
             they
             committed
             the
             Offence
             .
             In
             King
             
             Ethelred's
             days
             they
             were
             to
             undergo
             the
             
             
               Treble
               Ordeal
               (
               i.
               e.
            
             to
             carry
             a
             Red-hot
             Iron
             of
             three
             pound
             weight
             in
             their
             hands
             such
             a
             determined
             space
             of
             Ground
             )
             and
             if
             they
             miscarried
             there
             ,
             they
             were
             to
             dye
             .
             
               
            
             In
             Henry
             I.
             time
             they
             were
             Condemned
             to
             lose
             ,
             some
             their
             Hands
             ,
             and
             some
             their
             Eyes
             :
             And
             some
             (
             in
             allusion
             to
             the
             Word
             )
             who
             were
             found
             to
             adulterate
             the
             Kings
             Coin
             ,
             were
             so
             punish'd
             as
             if
             the
             Laws
             intended
             to
             prevent
             Adultery
             it self
             :
             As
             appears
             in
             our
             Histories
             of
             those
             Times
             .
             
               
            
             These
             Punishments
             were
             after
             chang'd
             into
             the
             Modern
             Executions
             ,
             and
             have
             so
             continued
             ever
             since
             ,
             altho'
             't
             is
             probable
             that
             Punishments
             of
             
               greater
               Pain
            
             and
             
               constant
               Shame
            
             ,
             such
             as
             they
             heretofore
             were
             ,
             would
             secure
             us
             better
             ,
             than
             putting
             Men
             to
             a
             short
             and
             easie
             Death
             .
          
           
             Thus
             much
             I
             think
             may
             suffice
             to
             vindicate
             our
             Laws
             from
             the
             reproach
             of
             being
             Cruel
             or
             Unjust
             ;
             and
             (
             if
             Men
             will
             but
             well
             consider
             )
             to
             wean
             them
             from
             that
             soft
             pernicious
             tenderness
             ,
             that
             sometimes
             ,
             certainly
             ,
             restrains
             the
             hand
             of
             Justice
             ,
             slackens
             the
             care
             and
             vigilance
             of
             Mastrates
             ,
             keeps
             back
             the
             Under
             Officers
             ,
             corrupts
             the
             Juries
             (
             for
             Passions
             and
             Affections
             bribe
             as
             well
             as
             Gifts
             )
             and
             with-holds
             the
             Evidence
             ,
             both
             from
             appearing
             and
             from
             speaking
             out
             ,
             when
             they
             appear
             .
             These
             are
             the
             ill
             effects
             of
             a
             weak
             
             and
             undue
             compassion
             ,
             shewn
             especially
             to
             these
             kind
             of
             Offenders
             ,
             which
             help
             (
             't
             is
             more
             than
             likely
             )
             to
             encrease
             their
             number
             ,
             and
             the
             Misery
             of
             honest
             People
             ,
             and
             therefore
             should
             be
             better
             thought
             upon
             by
             such
             as
             are
             so
             concern'd
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             ,
             if
             I
             have
             shewn
             you
             (
             as
             I
             thought
             to
             do
             )
             That
             this
             Offence
             is
             fruitful
             of
             Mischiefs
             ;
             that
             it
             dishonours
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             does
             apparently
             damnifie
             every
             particular
             Man
             ,
             and
             will
             do
             more
             and
             more
             so
             ,
             and
             fall
             at
             last
             with
             a
             most
             deadly
             weight
             somewhere
             or
             other
             ,
             and
             ,
             to
             be
             sure
             ,
             with
             greater
             violence
             on
             the
             Poor
             and
             Mean
             ,
             who
             are
             least
             able
             to
             endure
             it
             ;
             if
             this
             be
             manifest
             ,
             our
             Laws
             and
             Executions
             are
             not
             only
             clear'd
             from
             all
             their
             Imputations
             ,
             but
             I
             have
             also
             found
             out
             ,
             for
             these
             Wretches
             ,
             a
             sufficient
             Ground
             and
             Bottom
             for
             Repentance
             ,
             which
             they
             ,
             it
             seems
             ,
             are
             generally
             ignorant
             of
             :
             They
             can
             see
             they
             have
             offended
             against
             the
             Laws
             and
             Statutes
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             can
             acknowledge
             that
             their
             other
             Sins
             and
             Offences
             have
             betray'd
             them
             to
             these
             Practices
             ,
             but
             they
             cannot
             see
             the
             justice
             of
             those
             Laws
             ,
             nor
             the
             wickedness
             of
             these
             Practices
             :
             They
             can
             be
             sorry
             for
             their
             great
             Misfortune
             ,
             but
             they
             know
             not
             how
             to
             repent
             of
             Clipping
             and
             Coining
             ,
             as
             Sins
             against
             God
             or
             their
             Neighbour
             ;
             and
             therefore
             
             however
             guilty
             they
             may
             be
             in
             other
             respects
             ,
             yet
             the
             sense
             of
             these
             Offences
             affects
             them
             little
             or
             nothing
             .
             All
             this
             pretended
             Innocence
             depends
             (
             as
             I
             have
             shewn
             )
             on
             this
             mistake
             ,
             that
             
               No
               one
               is
               Injur'd
               hereby
            
             ;
             and
             they
             presume
             that
             no
             one
             is
             Injur'd
             ,
             because
             they
             design
             the
             Injury
             of
             no
             particular
             one
             ,
             nor
             know
             of
             any
             that
             is
             Injur'd
             by
             it
             :
             The
             Evil
             that
             is
             done
             is
             unfix'd
             and
             undetermin'd
             to
             Time
             ,
             or
             Place
             ,
             or
             Person
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             conclude
             that
             none
             is
             truly
             done
             .
             If
             these
             were
             not
             their
             private
             conceits
             ,
             why
             should
             not
             they
             conclude
             themselves
             as
             guilty
             of
             Theft
             and
             Fraud
             ,
             and
             of
             Injustice
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             any
             other
             Robbers
             ,
             and
             consequently
             repent
             as
             throughly
             and
             sincerely
             of
             them
             ?
             But
             it
             will
             not
             follow
             ,
             that
             because
             a
             Man
             either
             forgets
             or
             knows
             not
             whom
             he
             has
             Injur'd
             ,
             that
             he
             has
             therefore
             Injur'd
             none
             ,
             nor
             needs
             to
             repent
             or
             make
             amends
             .
             For
             if
             a
             Man
             should
             ,
             in
             the
             course
             of
             his
             Calling
             ,
             set
             aside
             the
             fear
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             all
             regard
             to
             Honesty
             and
             Justice
             ,
             and
             make
             his
             advantage
             of
             People's
             Ignorance
             and
             Simplicity
             ,
             their
             Easiness
             or
             want
             of
             Understanding
             ,
             and
             Cheat
             them
             all
             he
             could
             ,
             without
             intending
             to
             Cheat
             any
             one
             particular
             more
             than
             another
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             follow
             that
             he
             has
             Cheated
             none
             ,
             because
             he
             intended
             to
             Cheat
             no
             
             particular
             ;
             nor
             will
             it
             follow
             that
             he
             has
             Cheated
             no
             more
             than
             he
             remembers
             to
             have
             Cheated
             ;
             nor
             will
             it
             follow
             that
             he
             is
             obliged
             to
             repent
             of
             no
             more
             Injustice
             than
             he
             can
             call
             to
             mind
             done
             to
             Particulars
             ;
             nor
             will
             it
             follow
             that
             he
             is
             not
             obliged
             to
             Restitution
             and
             Amendment
             ,
             because
             he
             has
             Cheated
             more
             than
             he
             remembers
             .
             The
             Man
             knows
             very
             well
             that
             he
             design'd
             his
             own
             advantage
             all
             the
             while
             ,
             and
             had
             no
             consideration
             of
             the
             Means
             ;
             and
             knows
             that
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             wrong
             must
             needs
             be
             done
             ,
             and
             that
             He
             did
             it
             ;
             and
             knows
             that
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Wrong
             calls
             for
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Sorrow
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Satisfaction
             .
             And
             this
             is
             certainly
             the
             Coiners
             and
             the
             Clippers
             Case
             ,
             which
             requires
             as
             full
             and
             true
             Repentance
             as
             any
             other
             Robbery
             whatsoever
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             it
             is
             equal
             to
             any
             Theft
             of
             the
             same
             Value
             ,
             with
             respect
             to
             private
             People
             ,
             and
             with
             respect
             to
             the
             Publick
             much
             above
             it
             .
          
           
             And
             what
             is
             said
             of
             these
             as
             Principals
             ,
             is
             also
             true
             in
             its
             proportion
             of
             all
             that
             are
             Accessaries
             ;
             all
             that
             are
             any
             ways
             concern'd
             in
             this
             Affair
             ,
             such
             as
             knowingly
             provide
             or
             make
             their
             proper
             Instruments
             ;
             such
             as
             go
             up
             and
             down
             ,
             whether
             in
             City
             or
             Country
             ,
             to
             procure
             broad
             Money
             ;
             such
             as
             sell
             these
             People
             broad
             Money
             for
             great
             Gain
             ,
             which
             cannot
             possibly
             be
             done
             without
             a
             
             strong
             suspicion
             of
             the
             Purchaser
             ;
             and
             such
             as
             are
             employed
             to
             vend
             and
             put
             off
             these
             pieces
             so
             corrupted
             and
             debas'd
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             such
             as
             easily
             receive
             and
             purchase
             the
             Clippings
             and
             Filings
             of
             Silver
             ,
             at
             the
             Hands
             of
             justly-to-be-suspected
             Sellers
             .
             I
             know
             not
             how
             they
             can
             (
             any
             of
             them
             )
             acquit
             themselves
             (
             not
             to
             the
             Laws
             and
             Statutes
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             only
             ,
             but
             )
             to
             God
             above
             ,
             and
             to
             their
             own
             Consciences
             ,
             who
             are
             in
             any
             sort
             Partakers
             with
             these
             Robbers
             of
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             And
             upon
             this
             Account
             ,
             a
             Discourse
             of
             this
             Nature
             may
             be
             (
             I
             hope
             )
             in
             this
             Place
             ,
             as
             justifiable
             ,
             as
             any
             one
             else
             upon
             the
             
               Eighth
               Commandment
            
             :
             And
             I
             will
             believe
             I
             speak
             to
             Magistrates
             ,
             not
             only
             careful
             of
             the
             Dignity
             and
             Honour
             of
             our
             Laws
             ,
             but
             of
             the
             Welfare
             and
             Security
             of
             innocent
             and
             honest
             People
             ,
             and
             who
             will
             therefore
             take
             what
             Care
             they
             can
             ,
             to
             bring
             to
             Light
             ,
             and
             Punishment
             ,
             these
             Offenders
             .
             And
             if
             there
             appears
             but
             little
             of
             Christianity
             in
             such
             Sermons
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             to
             such
             as
             consider
             not
             ,
             how
             great
             a
             Part
             ,
             Justice
             and
             Honesty
             ,
             and
             fair
             and
             righteous
             Dealing
             make
             up
             of
             this
             Divine
             Religion
             ;
             and
             how
             great
             Care
             the
             Doctrines
             of
             the
             Gospel
             take
             ,
             not
             only
             of
             Mens
             Souls
             in
             the
             World
             to
             come
             ,
             but
             of
             the
             Good
             and
             Welfare
             of
             their
             
             Bodies
             here
             .
             An
             honest
             Man
             and
             a
             good
             Christian
             will
             never
             be
             two
             distinct
             things
             in
             a
             Christian
             Kingdom
             ;
             for
             the
             chief
             Design
             of
             our
             Religion
             is
             to
             make
             us
             good
             and
             honest
             Men
             in
             this
             World
             ,
             and
             to
             propose
             Rewards
             to
             such
             as
             will
             be
             so
             ,
             in
             the
             World
             to
             come
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             if
             I
             have
             convinced
             any
             one
             ,
             of
             the
             Fraud
             and
             Villany
             ,
             the
             Injustice
             and
             the
             Theft
             ,
             of
             Coining
             and
             Clipping
             ,
             and
             thereby
             shall
             deterr
             them
             from
             entring
             on
             ,
             or
             persisting
             in
             ,
             those
             evil
             Practices
             ,
             or
             shall
             reclaim
             them
             from
             them
             ,
             and
             occasion
             their
             Repentance
             and
             Amendment
             ,
             I
             shall
             make
             no
             doubt
             of
             having
             served
             the
             Interest
             and
             Design
             of
             Christianity
             ,
             in
             a
             great
             many
             Particulars
             .
             And
             in
             this
             Hope
             I
             will
             end
             this
             Sermon
             ,
             leaving
             it
             to
             
               the
               Blessing
               of
               God
               Almighty
               ,
               the
               Father
               ,
               Son
               ,
               and
               Holy
               Ghost
               ;
               to
               whom
               be
               all
               Honour
               ,
               and
               Glory
               ,
               now
               and
               for
               ever
               .
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             A
          
           
             L.
             II.
             9.
             
             Th.
             Cod.
             Tit.
             21.
             
             Constantinus
             ad
             Januarium
             .
          
           
             QVoniam
             nonnulli
             Monetarii
             adulterina
             moneta
             ,
             clandestinis
             sceleribus
             exercent
             ,
             cuncti
             cognoscant
             ,
             necessitatem
             sibi
             incumbere
             hujusmodi
             homines
             ,
             inquirendi
             ,
             ut
             investigati
             tradantur
             Judiciis
             ,
             facti
             conscios
             per
             tormenta
             illico
             prodituri
             ,
             ac
             sic
             dignis
             suppliciis
             addicendi
             .
             2.
             
             Accusatoribus
             etiam
             eorum
             immunitatem
             permittimus
             ;
             cujus
             modus
             ,
             quoniam
             dispar
             census
             est
             ,
             a
             Nobis
             per
             singulos
             statuetur
             .
             Servos
             etiam
             qui
             hoc
             detulerint
             Civitate
             Romanâ
             donamus
             ,
             ut
             eorum
             domini
             precium
             à
             Fisco
             percipiant
             .
             3.
             
             Si
             quis
             autem
             Militum
             hujusmodi
             Personam
             susceptam
             ,
             de
             custodia
             exire
             fecerit
             ,
             Capite
             puniatur
             .
             4.
             
             Appellandi
             etiam
             privato
             licentia
             denegetur
             ,
             si
             vero
             Miles
             aut
             Promotus
             hujusmodi
             crimen
             incurrit
             ,
             super
             ejus
             nomine
             &
             gradu
             ad
             nos
             referatur
             .
             5.
             
             Si
             dominum
             fundi
             vel
             domus
             conscium
             esse
             probabitur
             ,
             deportari
             eum
             in
             insulam
             oportebit
             ,
             cunct
             is
             ejus
             rebus
             protinus
             confiscandis
             :
             Si
             vero
             eo
             ignaro
             crimen
             commissum
             est
             ,
             possessionem
             aut
             domum
             debet
             amittere
             in
             qua
             id
             scelus
             admissum
             est
             .
             Actor
             fundi
             ,
             vel
             servus
             ,
             vel
             Incola
             ,
             vel
             Colonus
             qui
             hoc
             ministerium
             praebuit
             cum
             eo
             qui
             fecit
             ,
             supplicio
             capitali
             plectetur
             ,
             nihilominus
             fundo
             ,
             vel
             domo
             fisci
             viribus
             vindicanda
             .
             6.
             
             Quod
             si
             Dominus
             ante
             ignorans
             ,
             ut
             primum
             repperit
             ,
             scelus
             prodidit
             perpetratum
             ,
             minime
             possessio
             vel
             Domus
             ipsius
             proscriptionis
             injuriae
             subjacebit
             :
             Sed
             auctorem
             ac
             ministrum
             poena
             Capitalis
             excipiet
             .
             
               Dat.
               12.
               
               Kal.
               Decemb.
               Rom.
               Crispo
               .
               2.
               
               &
               Constantino
               .
               2.
               
               CC.
               Coss
               .
               [
               321.
               ]
            
          
        
         
           
             B
          
           
             L.
             I.
             Cod.
             Th.
             Tit.
             22.
             
             Imp.
             Constantinus
             ,
             Leontio
             ,
             P.
             P.
             
          
           
             Omnes
             Solidi
             in
             quibus
             nostri
             vultus
             ac
             veneratio
             una
             est
             ,
             uno
             pretio
             aestimandi
             sunt
             atque
             vendendi
             ,
             quanquam
             diversa
             formae
             mensura
             sit
             :
             Nec
             enim
             qui
             majore
             habitu
             faciei
             extenditur
             ,
             majoris
             est
             pretii
             ;
             aut
             qui
             angustiore
             expressione
             concluditur
             minoris
             haberi
             credendus
             est
             ,
             cum
             pondus
             idem
             existat
             .
             Quod
             si
             quis
             aliter
             fecerit
             ,
             aut
             capite
             puniri
             debet
             ,
             aut
             flammis
             tradi
             ,
             aut
             alia
             poena
             mortifera
             .
             Quod
             ille
             etiam
             patietur
             ,
             qui
             mensuram
             Circuli
             exterioris
             adraserit
             ,
             ut
             ponderis
             minuat
             quantitatem
             :
             Vel
             figuratum
             solidum
             adultera
             imitatione
             in
             vendendo
             subjecerit
             .
             
               Dat.
               7.
               
               Kal.
               Aug.
               Gallicano
               &
               Basso
               Coss
               .
               [
               317.
               ]
            
          
        
         
           
           
             C
          
           
             Si
             monetarius
             reus
             fuerit
             ,
             amputetur
             ei
             manus
             ,
             &
             ponatur
             super
             monetae
             Fabricam
             .
             Si
             inculpatio
             sit
             ,
             &
             se
             purgare
             velit
             ,
             eat
             ad
             Ferrum
             calidum
             ,
             &
             adlegiet
             manum
             ad
             Canfaram
             (
             candens
             ferrum
             )
             quod
             non
             falsum
             fecit
             .
             Si
             in
             Ordalio
             reus
             fuerit
             ,
             fiat
             ei
             quod
             supradictum
             est
             .
             Leg.
             Athelstani
             
               R.
               Jo.
               Brompton
               .
               p.
               843.
               
            
          
           
             Et
             omnis
             Monetarius
             qui
             accusabitur
             quod
             falsum
             fecit
             ,
             postquam
             interdictum
             fuit
             ,
             adeat
             
               Triplex
               Ordalium
            
             ,
             &
             si
             culpabilis
             sit
             ,
             occidatur
             .
             Leg.
             Ethelredi
             
               R.
               11.
               26.
               27.
               27.
               28.
               29.
               30.
               p.
               898.
               
            
          
           
             De
             correctione
             Pecuniae
             ,
             ut
             una
             moneta
             per
             totas
             has
             Nationes
             sine
             omni
             falso
             teneatur
             ,
             &
             nemo
             repudiet
             eam
             .
             Et
             qui
             posthanc
             falsabit
             manum
             perdat
             unde
             fecerit
             ;
             &
             nec
             argento
             ,
             aut
             auro
             ,
             vel
             ullo
             mode
             redimatur
             .
             Si
             Praepositus
             accusetur
             quod
             ejus
             licentia
             quis
             falsum
             fecerit
             ,
             purget
             se
             triplici
             lada
             ,
             quod
             si
             purgationem
             fregerit
             ,
             inde
             judicium
             habeat
             quod
             qui
             falsum
             composuit
             .
             Leg.
             Canuti
             
               R.
               30.
               p.
               923.
            
             
          
           
             Quicunque
             falsam
             Monetam
             ,
             se
             sciente
             fecerit
             ,
             aut
             studiose
             expenderit
             ,
             tanquam
             Maledictus
             ,
             &
             Pauperum
             Oppressor
             ,
             &
             Turbator
             Civitatis
             à
             Fidelium
             Consortio
             separetur
             .
             
               Concil
               .
               Roman
               .
               A.
               D.
               1123.
               
            
          
           
             Monetam
             quoque
             corruptam
             &
             falsam
             sub
             tanta
             animadversione
             corrigi
             statuit
             ,
             ut
             nullus
             qui
             posset
             deprehendi
             falsos
             denarios
             facere
             ,
             aliqua
             redemptione
             ,
             quin
             Oculos
             ,
             &
             inferiores
             Corporis
             partes
             perderet
             ,
             juvari
             valeret
             .
             
               Simeon
               Dunelm
               .
               A.
               1108.
            
             
          
           
             
               Joh.
               Brompton
               (
               p.
            
             1000.
             )
             places
             it
             in
             Anno
             1103.
             and
             says
             they
             were
             to
             lose
             both
             their
             Eyes
             ;
             so
             does
             
               H.
               de
               Knyghton
            
             .
             2377.
             
          
        
         
           
             D
          
           
             Chron.
             Saxon.
             An.
             8125.
             
          
           
             Hoc
             anno
             ,
             misit
             Rex
             (
             Hen.
             I.
             )
             ante
             Christi
             Festum
             ,
             de
             Normannia
             in
             Anglorum
             Terram
             ,
             &
             jussit
             omnes
             Monetarios
             qui
             erant
             in
             Anglia
             privari
             membris
             ;
             scilicet
             quemque
             dextra
             manu
             ,
             &
             testiculis
             ;
             quod
             factum
             est
             quoniam
             qui
             habuit
             Libram
             non
             potuit
             ullam
             rem
             mercari
             uno
             istius
             denario
             ,
             in
             quovis
             foro
             .
             Tunc
             Rogerus
             Episcopus
             Sarisburiensis
             misit
             per
             totam
             Angliam
             &
             jussit
             eos
             omnes
             interesse
             Wintoniae
             ad
             Christi
             Festum
             .
             Cum
             eo
             pervenissent
             ,
             sevocati
             fuerunt
             sigillatim
             ,
             &
             praecisa
             erat
             cuique
             dextra
             manus
             ac
             testiculi
             .
             Totum
             hoc
             factum
             est
             intra
             duodecim
             festi
             Natalium
             dies
             ,
             &
             quidem
             jure
             Optimo
             ,
             quippe
             damnum
             maximum
             intulissent
             toti
             genti
             tantam
             vim
             metalli
             vitiosi
             coemendo
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             E
          
           
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
             A.
             1248.
             
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             Ipfis
             quoque
             diebus
             Moneta
             Angliae
             ,
             per
             detestabiles
             
               Tonsores
               &
               Falsarios
            
             adeò
             intolerabiliter
             est
             corrupta
             ,
             quod
             non
             Indigence
             vel
             etiam
             Alienigenae
             eam
             Oculo
             recto
             ,
             vel
             illaeso
             corde
             poterant
             intueri
             .
             Circumcidebatur
             enim
             fere
             usque
             ad
             interiorem
             circulum
             ,
             limbo
             litterato
             totaliter
             vel
             deleto
             ,
             vel
             enormiter
             deturpato
             .
             Praeceptum
             est
             igitur
             voce
             Praeconid
             ,
             in
             Civitatibus
             ,
             Burgis
             ,
             Nundinis
             &
             Foris
             ,
             ex
             parte
             .
             D.
             Regis
             [
             H.
             3.
             ]
             nequis
             denarius
             nisi
             legitimi
             ponderis
             ,
             &
             circularis
             forme
             acciperetur
             ,
             nec
             quoque
             modo
             a
             vendente
             vel
             emente
             vel
             commutante
             acceptaretur
             ,
             punirenturque
             hujusmodi
             praecepti
             transgressores
             ▪
             adhibita
             est
             etiam
             diligentia
             ,
             ut
             memorati
             falsarii
             invenirentur
             ,
             ut
             de
             tanto
             scelere
             convicti
             ,
             condignâ
             poena
             judicialiter
             punirentur
             .
             Facta
             igitur
             diligentissima
             inquisitione
             ,
             inventi
             sunt
             in
             hoc
             facinore
             culpabiles
             
               Judaei
               ,
               Caursini
            
             infames
             ,
             &
             quidam
             Mercatores
             lanarum
             Flandrenses
             .
             Jussit
             etiam
             D.
             Rex
             Francorum
             omnes
             tales
             in
             Regno
             suo
             compertos
             patibulis
             laqueatos
             vento
             praesentari
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             something
             remarkable
             in
             this
             Passage
             ,
             namely
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             made
             Penal
             for
             any
             one
             to
             take
             or
             receive
             any
             Clip'd
             Money
             ;
             which
             ,
             if
             we
             had
             observ'd
             some
             Years
             ago
             ,
             we
             had
             not
             been
             in
             the
             deplorable
             condition
             we
             are
             now
             in
             ,
             in
             that
             respect
             .
          
        
         
           
             F
          
           
             Hen.
             Knyghton
             .
             p.
             2463.
             
             A.
             1282.
             
             Ed.
             I.
             
          
           
             Rex
             tenuit
             Parliamentum
             suum
             Londoniis
             ,
             &
             fecit
             mutare
             monetam
             Regni
             ,
             quae
             illo
             tempore
             fuit
             viliter
             retonsa
             ,
             &
             abbreviata
             ,
             unde
             Populus
             Regni
             graviter
             conquerebatur
             &
             Rex
             veritatem
             inde
             inquirens
             ,
             &
             veritatem
             comperiens
             ,
             trecentos
             &
             plures
             ,
             de
             illo
             delicto
             &
             felonia
             publicè
             convicit
             ,
             quorum
             quidam
             fuerunt
             suspensi
             ,
             quidam
             distracti
             &
             suspensi
             ,
             secundum
             delicti
             qualitatem
             &
             quantitatem
             .
          
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A39736-e350
           
             Rerum
             Hispanic
             .
             Tom.
             III.
             pag.
             957.