Sir Thomas Rowe his speech at the councell-table touching brasse-money, or against brasse-money, with many notable observations thereupon, Iuly, 1640.
         Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.
      
       
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             Sir Thomas Rowe his speech at the councell-table touching brasse-money, or against brasse-money, with many notable observations thereupon, Iuly, 1640.
             Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.
          
           [2], 351-358 p.
           
             s.n.],
             [London :
             1641.
          
           
             Place of publication suggested by NUC pre-1956 imprints.
             Reproduction of original in the Harvard University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Coinage -- England.
           Adulterated coins.
           Devaluation of currency -- England.
        
      
    
       A57517  R474455  (Wing R1778A).  civilwar no Sir Thomas Rowe his speech at the councell-table touching brasse-money, or against brasse-money; with many notable observations thereupon, I Roe, Thomas, Sir 1641    3540 5 0 0 0 0 0 14 C  The  rate of 14 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           Sir
           Thomas
           Rowe
           HIS
           SPEECH
           At
           the
           Councell-Table
           touching
           Brasse-Money
           ,
           or
           against
           Brasse-Money
           ;
           with
           many
           notable
           observations
           thereupon
           ,
           
             Iuly
             ,
          
           1640
        
         
           Printed
           Anno
           1641.
           
        
      
    
     
       
       
       
         
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Rowe
          
           his
           Speech
           at
           the
           Councell
           Table
           ,
           touching
           Brasse-Mony
           ,
           or
           against
           Brasse-Money
           ,
           with
           many
           notable
           observations
           thereupon
           ,
           
             Iuly
             ,
          
           1640.
           
        
         
           MY
           Lords
           ,
           since
           it
           hath
           pleased
           this
           Honorable
           table
           ,
           to
           command
           amongst
           others
           my
           poore
           opinion
           concerning
           this
           waighty
           proposition
           of
           money
           ,
           I
           must
           humbly
           crave
           pardon
           ,
           if
           with
           that
           freedome
           that
           becometh
           my
           duty
           to
           my
           good
           and
           gracious
           Master
           ,
           and
           my
           obedience
           to
           your
           great
           commands
           ,
           I
           deliver
           it
           so
           .
        
         
           I
           cannot
           my
           Lords
           ,
           but
           assuredly
           conceive
           this
           intended
           project
           of
           infeobling
           the
           Coyn
           ,
           will
           trench
           very
           far
           both
           into
           the
           honor
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           profit
           of
           my
           Royall
           Master
           .
        
         
           All
           estates
           do
           stand
           
             Magis
             fama
             quam
             vi
          
           as
           
             Tacitus
          
           saith
           of
           
             Rome
          
           ;
           And
           wealth
           in
           every
           Kingdome
           is
           one
           of
           the
           essentiall
           marks
           of
           their
           greatnesse
           ,
           and
           is
           best
           expressed
           in
           the
           measures
           and
           purity
           of
           their
           moneys
           .
           Hence
           it
           was
           that
           so
           long
           as
           the
           Romane
           Empire
           ,
           a
           pattern
           of
           the
           best
           Government
           held
           up
           their
           glory
           ▪
           or
           greatnesse
           ,
           they
           ever
           maintained
           with
           little
           or
           no
           change
           the
           standard
           of
           their
           Coyn
           ,
           but
           after
           the
           loose
           time
           of
           
             Commodus
          
           had
           led
           in
           need
           by
           excesse
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           that
           shift
           of
           changing
           the
           standard
           ,
           the
           Majesty
           of
           that
           Empire
           fell
           by
           degrees
           .
           And
           as
           
             Vopiscus
          
           saith
           ,
           the
           steps
           by
           which
           that
           State
           descended
           ,
           were
           visible
           most
           by
           the
           generall
           alteration
           of
           their
           Coynes
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           no
           surer
           simptomes
           of
           consumption
           in
           State
           ,
           then
           the
           corruption
           of
           the
           Money
           .
        
         
           What
           Renowne
           is
           left
           to
           the
           Posterity
           of
           
             Edw.
          
           1.
           in
           amending
           
           the
           standard
           both
           in
           puritie
           and
           weight
           ,
           from
           that
           of
           elder
           and
           barbarous
           times
           ;
           it
           must
           needs
           stick
           as
           a
           blemish
           upon
           Princes
           that
           do
           the
           contrary
           .
        
         
           Thus
           we
           see
           it
           was
           with
           
             Hen.
          
           6.
           who
           after
           he
           had
           begun
           with
           a
           baiting
           the
           measures
           ,
           he
           afterwards
           fell
           to
           abasing
           the
           matter
           ;
           and
           granted
           Commission
           to
           Missend
           ,
           and
           others
           to
           practise
           Alcamie
           to
           serve
           his
           Mint
           .
        
         
           The
           extremity
           the
           State
           in
           generall
           felt
           by
           this
           agrievance
           ,
           besides
           the
           dishonor
           it
           layd
           upon
           the
           person
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           was
           not
           the
           least
           disadvantage
           his
           disloyall
           kinsman
           tooke
           ,
           to
           ingrace
           himselfe
           into
           the
           peoples
           favours
           ,
           to
           his
           Soveraigns
           Reign
           .
        
         
           When
           
             Hen.
          
           the
           8th
           .
           had
           gained
           as
           much
           of
           power
           and
           glory
           abroad
           ,
           of
           love
           and
           obedience
           at
           home
           as
           ever
           any
           ,
           he
           suffered
           a
           losse
           by
           this
           Rock
           .
        
         
           When
           his
           Daughter
           Queene
           
             Elizabeth
          
           came
           to
           the
           Crowne
           ,
           she
           was
           happier
           in
           Councell
           to
           amend
           that
           error
           of
           her
           Father
           ,
           for
           in
           a
           memoriall
           of
           the
           Lord
           Treasurer
           
             Burleighs
          
           his
           hand
           ,
           I
           finde
           that
           he
           and
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Smith
             ,
          
           a
           grave
           and
           learned
           man
           ,
           advised
           the
           Queen
           that
           it
           was
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           the
           true
           wealth
           of
           her selfe
           and
           people
           ,
           to
           reduce
           the
           standard
           to
           the
           ancient
           party
           ,
           and
           purity
           of
           her
           great
           Grandfather
           
             Edward
          
           the
           4th
           .
           and
           that
           it
           was
           not
           the
           short
           end
           of
           wits
           ,
           nor
           starting
           holes
           of
           devises
           ,
           that
           can
           sustain
           the
           expence
           of
           a
           Monarchy
           ,
           but
           sound
           and
           solid
           courses
           ,
           for
           so
           are
           the
           words
           ;
           She
           followed
           their
           a
           devise
           ,
           and
           began
           to
           reduce
           the
           moneys
           to
           their
           elder
           goodnesse
           ,
           stiling
           this
           worke
           in
           her
           first
           Proclamation
           Anno
           30.
           a
           famous
           Act.
           The
           next
           year
           following
           ,
           Anno
           30.
           having
           perfected
           ,
           as
           it
           after
           stood
           ,
           She
           telleth
           her
           people
           by
           another
           Edict
           ;
           That
           She
           had
           conquered
           now
           that
           monster
           that
           had
           so
           long
           devoured
           them
           ,
           meaning
           the
           variation
           of
           the
           standard
           .
           And
           so
           long
           as
           that
           sad
           adviser
           lived
           ,
           She
           never
           (
           though
           often
           by
           Projectors
           importuned
           )
           could
           be
           drawne
           to
           any
           shift
           or
           change
           in
           her
           Moneys
           .
        
         
           To
           avoyd
           the
           trouble
           of
           permutation
           ,
           Coyners
           devised
           as
           a
           rule
           and
           measure
           of
           Marchandize
           and
           Manufactaries
           ,
           which
           if
           mutable
           ,
           no
           man
           can
           tell
           either
           what
           he
           hath
           ,
           or
           what
           he
           oweth
           ,
           no
           contract
           can
           be
           certain
           ,
           and
           so
           all
           commerce
           both
           publike
           and
           private
           destroyed
           ,
           and
           men
           again
           enforced
           to
           permutation
           
           with
           things
           not
           subject
           to
           will
           and
           fraud
           .
        
         
           The
           Regulating
           of
           Coyn
           hath
           been
           left
           to
           the
           care
           of
           Princes
           ,
           who
           have
           ever
           beene
           presumed
           to
           be
           the
           Fathers
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           upon
           their
           honors
           they
           are
           debtors
           and
           warrants
           to
           the
           subjects
           in
           that
           behalfe
           .
        
         
           They
           cannot
           saith
           
             Bodin
             ,
          
           alter
           the
           price
           of
           moneys
           to
           the
           preiudice
           of
           the
           subiect
           ,
           without
           incurring
           the
           reproach
           of
           
             Faux
          
           moneyars
           .
           And
           therefore
           stories
           terme
           
             Phillip
             le
             Belle
             falsificator
             de
             monet
             .
             omnino
             monet
             .
             integritas
             debet
             quaeri
             ubi
             vultus
             noster
             Imprimatur
             ,
          
           said
           
             Theodoret
          
           the
           
             Goth
          
           to
           his
           Mint-master
           .
           
             Quidnam
             erit
             tutum
             si
             nostra
             peccetur
             effigie
             ,
          
           Princes
           must
           not
           suffer
           their
           faces
           to
           warrant
           falshood
           .
        
         
           Although
           I
           am
           not
           of
           opinion
           with
           the
           
             Minor
             des
             Iustices
             ,
          
           the
           ancientest
           books
           of
           the
           Common-Law
           ▪
           That
           
             Le
             Roy
             ne
             poi●s
             money
             impaire
             ne
             a
             mander
             saus
             Lassent
             des
             touts
             les
             Counties
             ,
          
           which
           was
           the
           great
           counsell
           of
           the
           Kingdome
           .
           Yet
           cannot
           I
           passe
           over
           the
           goodnesse
           and
           grace
           of
           many
           other
           our
           Kings
           ,
           as
           
             Edw.
          
           1.
           
             Edw
          
           3.
           
             Hen.
          
           4.
           and
           the
           the
           5th
           .
           and
           others
           ;
           who
           out
           of
           the
           rule
           of
           their
           Justice
           .
           
             Quod
             ad
             omnes
             spectat
             ,
             ob
             omnibus
             debet
             approbari
             ,
          
           have
           often
           advised
           with
           their
           people
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           Allay
           ,
           weight
           ,
           number
           of
           peeces
           ,
           rate
           of
           Coynage
           and
           exchange
           ,
           and
           must
           with
           infinite
           goodnesse
           acknowledg
           the
           care
           and
           Justice
           now
           of
           my
           good
           Master
           ,
           and
           your
           Lordships
           wisedomes
           ,
           that
           would
           not
           upon
           the
           information
           of
           some
           few
           officers
           of
           the
           Mint
           ,
           before
           a
           free
           and
           carefull
           debate
           ,
           put
           in
           execution
           this
           Proiect
           .
           Yet
           I
           must
           under
           your
           Lordships
           favour
           suspect
           it
           would
           have
           taken
           away
           the
           tenth
           part
           of
           every
           mans
           due
           debt
           or
           rent
           alreadie
           reserved
           throughout
           the
           Realm
           ,
           not
           sparing
           the
           King
           ,
           which
           could
           have
           been
           little
           lesse
           then
           a
           
             species
          
           of
           that
           which
           the
           Roman
           stories
           call
           
             Tabula
             nova
             ,
          
           from
           whence
           every
           sedition
           hath
           sprang
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           
             Marius
             Grantidianus
          
           in
           
             Livio
             ,
          
           who
           pretending
           in
           his
           Consulship
           ,
           thatt
           the
           currant
           money
           was
           wasted
           by
           us
           ,
           called
           it
           in
           ,
           and
           altered
           the
           Standard
           ,
           which
           grew
           so
           heavie
           and
           grievous
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           as
           the
           Author
           sayth
           ,
           because
           thereby
           no
           man
           knoweth
           certainly
           his
           wealth
           ,
           that
           it
           caused
           a
           tumult
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           last
           part
           which
           is
           the
           disprofit
           that
           the
           enfeobling
           the
           Coyn
           ,
           will
           bring
           both
           to
           his
           Maiesty
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           
           I
           must
           distinguish
           the
           moneyes
           of
           gold
           and
           silver
           as
           they
           are
           bullion
           and
           commodities
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           are
           measures
           ,
           the
           one
           of
           the
           extrinsique
           quality
           ,
           which
           is
           at
           the
           Kings
           pleasure
           ,
           as
           all
           other
           measures
           to
           name
           ,
           the
           other
           the
           intrinsique
           quality
           ,
           of
           pure
           mettall
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           the
           Merchant
           to
           value
           as
           their
           measure
           ,
           shall
           be
           either
           to
           be
           lessened
           or
           enlarged
           ,
           so
           is
           the
           quantity
           of
           the
           commodity
           that
           is
           to
           be
           exchanged
           ,
           if
           then
           the
           King
           shall
           cut
           his
           shilling
           or
           pound
           in
           money
           lesse
           than
           it
           was
           before
           ,
           a
           lesse
           portion
           of
           such
           commodities
           as
           shall
           be
           exchanged
           ,
           for
           it
           ,
           must
           be
           received
           ,
           it
           must
           then
           of
           force
           follow
           ,
           that
           all
           things
           of
           necessity
           ,
           as
           victualls
           ,
           apparell
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           as
           well
           as
           those
           of
           pleasure
           ,
           must
           be
           inhaunsed
           .
           If
           then
           all
           men
           shall
           receive
           in
           their
           shillings
           and
           pounds
           a
           lesse
           proportion
           of
           silver
           and
           gold
           than
           they
           did
           before
           this
           projected
           alteration
           ,
           and
           pay
           for
           what
           they
           
             buy
             at
             a
          
           rate
           enhaunsed
           ,
           it
           must
           cast
           upon
           all
           a
           double
           losse
           ,
           what
           the
           King
           will
           suffer
           by
           it
           in
           the
           Rents
           of
           his
           lands
           ▪
           is
           demonstrated
           enough
           by
           the
           alteration
           since
           the
           18
           of
           
             Ed
          
           3.
           when
           all
           the
           Revenues
           of
           the
           Crown
           came
           unto
           the
           receipts
           
             pondere
             &
             numero
             ,
          
           after
           5
           Groats
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           which
           since
           that
           time
           by
           severall
           changes
           of
           the
           Standard
           is
           come
           to
           5s
           .
           whereby
           the
           King
           hath
           two
           third
           parts
           of
           his
           just
           Revenues
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           Customes
           ,
           the
           book
           of
           rates
           being
           regulated
           by
           pounds
           and
           shillings
           ,
           his
           Majesty
           must
           lose
           alike
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           all
           and
           whatsoever
           moneyes
           ,
           that
           after
           this
           he
           must
           receive
           the
           profits
           of
           his
           Coynage
           ,
           cannot
           be
           much
           more
           permanent
           in
           the
           losse
           lasting
           ,
           and
           so
           long
           as
           it
           reacheth
           to
           little
           lesse
           than
           yeerly
           ,
           to
           accept
           part
           of
           hi
           Revenue
           ,
           for
           in
           every
           pound
           tale
           of
           gold
           is
           7
           Ounces
           ,
           1d
           ▪
           weight
           ,
           and
           19
           grains
           losse
           ,
           which
           25l
           .
           in
           accompt
           ,
           and
           in
           700l
           .
           tail
           of
           silver
           ,
           which
           is
           14l
           .
           17s
           .
           more
           .
           And
           his
           Majesty
           shall
           undergo
           all
           this
           losse
           hereafter
           ,
           in
           all
           his
           receipts
           ,
           so
           shall
           he
           no
           lesse
           in
           all
           his
           dibursments
           ,
           the
           wages
           of
           his
           souldiers
           must
           be
           ratably
           advanced
           ,
           as
           the
           money
           is
           decreased
           .
           This
           
             Edward
          
           the
           3
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           by
           the
           accounts
           of
           the
           Wardrobe
           and
           Exchequer
           ,
           as
           all
           the
           Kings
           after
           him
           were
           inforced
           to
           do
           ,
           as
           often
           as
           the
           lessened
           Standard
           of
           the
           moneyes
           of
           what
           shall
           be
           bought
           for
           his
           Majesties
           service
           ,
           must
           in
           like
           manner
           be
           inhaunsed
           on
           him
           .
           As
           his
           Majesty
           hath
           the
           greatest
           profits
           of
           receipts
           and
           issues
           ,
           so
           must
           he
           of
           necessity
           taste
           of
           the
           most
           losse
           by
           this
           device
           .
        
         
         
           It
           will
           destroy
           or
           discourage
           a
           great
           proportion
           of
           the
           trade
           in
           England
           ,
           Impair
           his
           Maiesties
           Customes
           for
           that
           part
           ,
           being
           not
           the
           least
           that
           passeth
           upon
           trust
           and
           credit
           will
           be
           over-thrown
           ,
           for
           all
           men
           being
           doubtfull
           of
           diminution
           hereby
           of
           there
           personall
           estates
           will
           call
           in
           their
           moneys
           ,
           already
           out
           ,
           and
           no
           man
           will
           part
           with
           that
           which
           is
           lying
           by
           himuppon
           apparant
           losse
           ,
           as
           this
           must
           bring
           ;
           what
           dammage
           may
           befall
           the
           State
           by
           such
           a
           sudden
           stand
           of
           Trade
           I
           cannot
           guesse
           .
        
         
           The
           moneys
           both
           of
           gold
           and
           silver
           formerly
           Coyned
           and
           abroad
           ,
           richer
           then
           those
           intended
           ,
           will
           be
           made
           of
           the
           most
           nereby
           Bulloin
           and
           so
           transported
           ;
           which
           I
           conceive
           will
           be
           none
           of
           the
           least
           inducements
           that
           hath
           drawn
           so
           many
           Goldsmithes
           to
           side
           this
           Proiect
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           be
           thereby
           Factors
           for
           the
           Strangers
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Mintage
           bring
           but
           two
           shillings
           silver
           to
           the
           pound
           waight
           ,
           and
           4
           shillings
           for
           gold
           ;
           whereas
           with
           us
           the
           one
           is
           and
           the
           other
           5
           shillings
           ,
           many
           make
           that
           profit
           beyond
           the
           Sea
           ,
           they
           cannot
           here
           ,
           and
           so
           his
           Maiesties
           Mint
           unset
           of
           worke
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           his
           Maiesties
           losse
           appeareth
           in
           the
           alteration
           of
           many
           a
           14th
           in
           the
           silver
           ,
           and
           a
           25th
           part
           in
           all
           the
           gold
           they
           after
           shall
           receive
           ;
           so
           shall
           the
           Nobilitie
           ,
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           landed
           men
           in
           all
           their
           former
           setled
           Rents
           ,
           Annuities
           ,
           Pensions
           ,
           and
           sums
           of
           money
           ,
           the
           like
           will
           fall
           upon
           the
           labourers
           and
           workemen
           in
           their
           statute
           wages
           .
           And
           as
           their
           receipts
           are
           lessened
           hereby
           ,
           so
           are
           their
           issues
           increased
           either
           by
           improving
           all
           prices
           ,
           or
           dis-furnishing
           the
           Marker
           ,
           which
           must
           necessarily
           follow
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           5th
           of
           
             Edw.
          
           6th
           .
           3o
           
             Mary
             ,
          
           4to
           
             Eliz.
          
           as
           appeareth
           by
           their
           Proclamations
           .
           That
           a
           Rumour
           only
           of
           alteration
           caused
           such
           effects
           ,
           punishing
           the
           author
           of
           such
           reports
           ,
           with
           Imprisonment
           ,
           and
           Pillory
           .
           It
           cannot
           be
           doubted
           ,
           but
           the
           proiecting
           of
           such
           a
           change
           ,
           must
           be
           of
           far
           greater
           consequence
           and
           danger
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           and
           would
           be
           wished
           that
           the
           Actors
           ,
           and
           authors
           of
           such
           disturbances
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           at
           all
           times
           hereafter
           ,
           might
           undergo
           a
           punishment
           proportionable
           .
        
         
           It
           cannot
           be
           held
           ,
           I
           presume
           ,
           an
           advise
           of
           best
           indgement
           that
           layeth
           the
           losse
           upon
           our selves
           ,
           and
           the
           gain
           upon
           our
           enemies
           ,
           for
           who
           are
           like
           to
           be
           in
           this
           the
           greatest
           thrivers
           ,
           is
           not
           visible
           that
           the
           strangers
           who
           support
           ,
           or
           money
           for
           bullion
           ,
           our
           own
           Gold-smiths
           ,
           who
           are
           their
           Brokers
           ,
           and
           the
           Hedgminters
           of
           the
           
           Netherlands
           ,
           who
           tearmed
           them
           well
           ,
           will
           have
           a
           fresh
           and
           full
           trade
           by
           this
           abasements
           .
           And
           we
           do
           not
           the
           Spanish
           King
           ,
           our
           greatest
           enemy
           ,
           a
           greater
           favour
           than
           by
           his
           ,
           who
           being
           Lord
           of
           these
           commodities
           by
           his
           West-Indies
           ,
           we
           shall
           so
           advance
           them
           to
           our
           impoverishment
           ,
           for
           it
           is
           not
           in
           the
           power
           of
           any
           State
           to
           raise
           of
           the
           price
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           but
           the
           value
           that
           their
           neighbours
           ,
           set
           upon
           them
           ,
           experience
           hath
           taught
           us
           that
           the
           enfoebling
           of
           Coyn
           is
           but
           a
           shift
           for
           a
           while
           ,
           as
           drinke
           to
           one
           in
           a
           dropsie
           ,
           to
           make
           him
           swell
           the
           more
           ,
           but
           the
           state
           was
           never
           thorowly
           cured
           ,
           as
           we
           saw
           in
           
             Henry
          
           the
           Eighths
           time
           ,
           and
           the
           late
           Queens
           ,
           untill
           the
           Coyn
           was
           made
           rich
           again
           .
        
         
           I
           cannot
           but
           then
           conclude
           my
           honorable
           Lords
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           proportion
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           to
           each
           other
           be
           wrought
           to
           that
           purity
           ,
           by
           the
           advice
           of
           the
           Artists
           that
           neither
           may
           be
           too
           rich
           for
           the
           other
           ,
           that
           the
           Mintage
           may
           be
           reduced
           to
           some
           proportion
           of
           neighbour
           parts
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           issue
           of
           native
           commodities
           may
           be
           brought
           to
           over-ballance
           the
           entrance
           of
           the
           forraigne
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           seek
           any
           shift
           ,
           but
           shall
           again
           see
           our
           trade
           to
           flourish
           ,
           the
           Mint
           as
           ,
           the
           pulse
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           again
           to
           beat
           ,
           and
           our
           Materialls
           by
           Industry
           ,
           to
           be
           Mynes
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           which
           we
           all
           wish
           and
           work
           for
           ,
           supported
           unto
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           honor
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           Profit
           of
           his
           Maiesty
           .
        
         
           
             Certain
             general
             Rules
             collected
             concerning
             Money
             and
             Bullion
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             late
             Consultation
             at
             Court
             .
          
           
             GOld
             and
             silver
             hath
             a
             two
             fold
             estimation
             in
             the
             extrinsique
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             moneys
             ,
             and
             Princes
             measures
             given
             to
             his
             people
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             a
             Prerogative
             of
             Kings
             in
             the
             
               Intrinsique
               ,
            
             they
             are
             commodities
             valewing
             each
             other
             according
             to
             theplenty
             or
             scarcity
             ;
             and
             so
             all
             other
             commodities
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             the
             sole
             power
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             The
             measure
             in
             a
             Kingdome
             ought
             to
             be
             constant
             ,
             It
             is
             the
             Justice
             and
             honor
             of
             the
             King
             ;
             for
             if
             they
             be
             altered
             ,
             all
             men
             at
             that
             time
             are
             deceived
             in
             the
             precedent
             contracts
             ,
             either
             for
             lands
             or
             moneys
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             most
             of
             all
             ;
             for
             no
             man
             knoweth
             either
             what
             he
             hath
             ,
             or
             what
             he
             oweth
             .
          
           
             This
             made
             the
             Lord
             Treasurer
             
               Burleigh
            
             in
             Anno
             1573.
             when
             some
             Projectors
             had
             set
             on
             foot
             a
             matter
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             to
             tell
             them
             that
             they
             were
             worthy
             to
             suffer
             death
             ,
             for
             attempting
             to
             
             put
             so
             great
             a
             dishonor
             upon
             the
             Queen
             ,
             and
             detriment
             and
             discontent
             on
             the
             people
             ;
             for
             to
             alter
             this
             publike
             measure
             is
             to
             leave
             all
             the
             Markets
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             unfurnished
             :
             and
             what
             will
             be
             the
             mischiefe
             the
             Proclamation
             of
             5.
             and
             6.
             30.
             
             
               Mary
               ,
            
             and
             4th
             .
             of
             
               Eliz.
            
             will
             manifest
             ,
             when
             but
             a
             rumor
             produced
             that
             effect
             so
             farre
             ,
             that
             besides
             the
             faith
             of
             the
             Princes
             to
             the
             contrary
             delivered
             in
             their
             Edicts
             ,
             they
             were
             inforced
             to
             cause
             the
             Magistrates
             in
             every
             Shire
             respectively
             ,
             to
             constrain
             the
             people
             to
             furnish
             the
             Market
             ,
             to
             prevent
             a
             mutiny
             .
          
           
             To
             thinke
             then
             this
             measure
             at
             this
             time
             short
             ,
             is
             to
             raise
             all
             prices
             ,
             or
             to
             turn
             the
             measure
             or
             money
             now
             current
             into
             disuse
             and
             Bullion
             ;
             for
             who
             will
             depart
             with
             any
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             by
             seven
             more
             in
             the
             hundred
             in
             the
             masse
             ,
             then
             the
             now
             moneys
             ,
             and
             yet
             of
             no
             more
             value
             in
             the
             Market
             .
          
           
             Hence
             the
             necessitie
             of
             it
             will
             follow
             ,
             that
             there
             will
             not
             of
             a
             long
             time
             be
             Minted
             of
             the
             new
             to
             drive
             the
             exchange
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             so
             all
             trade
             at
             one
             instance
             at
             a
             stand
             ;
             and
             in
             meane
             time
             the
             Markets
             unfurnished
             ,
             and
             thus
             far
             as
             money
             is
             a
             measure
             .
          
           
             Now
             as
             it
             is
             a
             commoditie
             ,
             it
             is
             respected
             and
             valued
             ,
             by
             the
             intrinsique
             qualitie
             ,
             and
             first
             the
             one
             mettall
             to
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             All
             commodities
             are
             priced
             by
             plenty
             or
             scarcity
             ,
             by
             dearenesse
             or
             cheapnesse
             ,
             the
             one
             to
             the
             other
             .
             If
             then
             we
             desire
             our
             silver
             to
             buy
             gold
             as
             it
             hath
             lately
             been
             ,
             we
             must
             let
             it
             it
             be
             the
             cheaper
             and
             lesse
             in
             proportion
             valued
             ,
             and
             so
             contrary
             for
             one
             equivalent
             proportion
             in
             both
             ,
             will
             bring
             in
             neither
             ;
             we
             see
             the
             profit
             there
             of
             the
             unusuall
             quantitie
             of
             gold
             brought
             lately
             to
             the
             Mint
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             price
             ,
             we
             rate
             it
             at
             above
             all
             other
             Countries
             ,
             and
             gold
             may
             be
             bought
             too
             dear
             ;
             to
             furnish
             then
             this
             way
             the
             Mint
             with
             both
             ,
             is
             impossible
             .
          
           
             And
             at
             this
             time
             it
             was
             apparantly
             proved
             both
             by
             the
             best
             Artists
             ,
             and
             Marchants
             most
             acquainted
             with
             the
             Exchange
             ,
             in
             both
             the
             examples
             of
             the
             Mint-masters
             ,
             in
             the
             Rix-dolor
             ,
             and
             Royall
             of
             Eight
             ,
             that
             silver
             here
             is
             of
             equall
             valew
             ,
             and
             gold
             above
             with
             forreine
             parts
             in
             the
             intrinsique
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             fallacie
             presented
             to
             the
             Lords
             by
             the
             Mint-masters
             ,
             is
             only
             in
             the
             nomination
             of
             extrinsique
             qualitie
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             we
             desire
             both
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             the
             raysing
             the
             valew
             that
             doth
             it
             ,
             but
             the
             balancing
             the
             Trade
             ,
             for
             we
             buy
             more
             then
             we
             sell
             of
             
             all
             other
             commodities
             ,
             be
             the
             money
             never
             so
             high
             priced
             ,
             we
             must
             part
             with
             it
             to
             make
             the
             disproportion
             even
             ,
             if
             we
             sell
             more
             then
             the
             contrary
             will
             follow
             .
          
           
             And
             this
             is
             plain
             in
             Spanish
             necessities
             ,
             for
             should
             that
             King
             advance
             to
             a
             double
             his
             Royall
             of
             Eight
             ,
             yet
             needing
             it
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             barrennesse
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             more
             of
             forreign
             wares
             ,
             then
             can
             countervaile
             by
             exchange
             with
             his
             wares
             ,
             he
             must
             then
             part
             with
             his
             money
             ,
             and
             gain
             the
             more
             by
             enhaunsing
             his
             coyn
             ,
             but
             he
             payeth
             a
             higher
             price
             for
             the
             commodities
             he
             buyeth
             ,
             if
             this
             work
             of
             raysing
             be
             his
             own
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             we
             shall
             make
             improvement
             of
             gold
             and
             silver
             being
             the
             Staple-commodities
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             we
             then
             advancing
             the
             the
             price
             of
             his
             abase
             to
             him
             our
             own
             commodities
             .
          
           
             To
             shape
             this
             kingdome
             to
             the
             fashion
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             were
             to
             frame
             a
             Royall
             Monarchie
             by
             a
             society
             of
             Marchants
             ,
             their
             Country
             is
             a
             continuall
             Faire
             ,
             and
             so
             price
             of
             moneys
             must
             rise
             and
             fall
             to
             fit
             their
             occasions
             ;
             we
             see
             this
             by
             raising
             the
             Exchange
             of
             
               Franckford
               ,
            
             and
             other
             places
             ,
             of
             their
             usuall
             time
             of
             the
             Marts
             .
          
           
             This
             frequent
             and
             daily
             change
             in
             the
             Low-Countries
             of
             their
             moneys
             is
             no
             such
             injustice
             to
             any
             there
             ,
             as
             it
             would
             be
             here
             ,
             for
             there
             they
             being
             all
             Merchants
             ,
             or
             mechanicks
             ,
             they
             can
             rate
             accordingly
             their
             labour
             and
             their
             Ware
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             Coyne
             ,
             or
             other
             merchandize
             ,
             to
             the
             present
             condition
             of
             their
             own
             money
             in
             Exchange
             .
          
           
             And
             our
             English
             Merchants
             to
             whose
             profession
             it
             properly
             belongeth
             ,
             do
             so
             according
             to
             their
             just
             intrinsique
             valew
             of
             their
             forreign
             Coyn
             in
             all
             barter
             of
             commodities
             or
             Exchange
             ,
             except
             usance
             which
             we
             that
             are
             rated
             and
             tyed
             by
             the
             extrinsiques
             measure
             of
             moneys
             in
             all
             our
             constant
             reckonigs
             ,
             and
             annuall
             bargains
             at
             home
             cannot
             do
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             us
             then
             to
             raise
             our
             Coyn
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             to
             equall
             their
             proportions
             were
             but
             to
             render
             our selves
             to
             a
             perpetuall
             incertainty
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             raise
             upon
             us
             daily
             them
             again
             ,
             which
             we
             of
             course
             shall
             follow
             ,
             else
             receive
             no
             profit
             by
             this
             present
             change
             ;
             and
             so
             destroy
             the
             Policie
             ,
             Justice
             ,
             honor
             ,
             and
             tranquilitie
             of
             our
             State
             for
             ever
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .