The proposal for the raising of the silver coin of England, from 60 pence in the ounce to 75 pence, considered; vvith the consequences thereof.
         Bohun, Edmund, 1645-1699.
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
       Approx. 27 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 7 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A69599
         Wing B3458B
         ESTC R23296
         99834079
         99834079
         38559
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A69599)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 38559)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 727:51 or 1755:10)
      
       
         
           
             The proposal for the raising of the silver coin of England, from 60 pence in the ounce to 75 pence, considered; vvith the consequences thereof.
             Bohun, Edmund, 1645-1699.
          
           12 p.
           
             Printed for Richard Cumberland, at the Angel in St. Paul's Church-yard,
             London :
             MDCXCVI. [1696]
          
           
             By Edmund Bohun.
             Signatures: [pi]² B-C² , 4⁰ gathered in 2's.
             Reproductions of the originals in the Duke University, William R. Perkins Library Medical Center (reel 727), and the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery (reel 1755).
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Coinage -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
        2006-06 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2006-07 Apex CoVantage
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2006-09 Mona Logarbo
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2006-09 Mona Logarbo
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2007-02 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PROPOSAL
           For
           the
           Raising
           of
           The
           Silver
           Coin
           OF
           ENGLAND
           ,
           FROM
           60
           Pence
           in
           the
           Ounce
           to
           75
           Pence
           ,
           CONSIDERED
           ;
           With
           the
           Consequences
           thereof
           .
        
         
           
             LONDON
             :
          
           Printed
           for
           
             Richard
             Cumberland
             ,
          
           at
           the
           
             Angel
          
           in
           St.
           
           Paul's
           Church-yard
           .
           MDCXCVI
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           
             The
             PROPOSAL
             for
             the
             Raising
             the
             Silver
             Coin
             of
          
           England
           
             from
          
           60
           
             Pence
             in
             the
             Ounce
             to
          
           75
           
             Pence
             ,
             considered
             ;
             with
             the
             Consequences
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           THE
           protence
           for
           this
           is
           ,
           That
           Bullion
           is
           
             bona
             side
          
           at
           this
           time
           worth
           six
           Shillings
           and
           three
           Pence
           of
           the
           best
           of
           our
           English
           Mony
           ,
           tho'
           neither
           Worn
           nor
           Clipp'd
           :
           Now
           if
           this
           is
           true
           ,
           then
           
           the
           Consequence
           of
           it
           is
           ,
           That
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Sterling
           Silver
           is
           made
           one
           Shilling
           worse
           than
           it
           was
           before
           by
           having
           the
           King's
           Stamp
           put
           upon
           it
           ,
           yet
           this
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           may
           again
           be
           reduced
           to
           Bullion
           as
           it
           was
           before
           for
           two
           Pence
           .
        
         
           This
           Assertion
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           may
           easily
           be
           confuted
           ,
           by
           trying
           how
           much
           Bullion
           or
           Spanish
           pieces
           of
           Eight
           may
           be
           had
           for
           a
           Mill'd
           five
           Shilling-piece
           of
           full
           weight
           ,
           for
           by
           that
           the
           tryal
           is
           to
           be
           made
           ,
           and
           not
           by
           clipp'd
           or
           over-worn
           old
           Mony
           ;
           for
           the
           Refiner
           and
           Goldsmith
           will
           ever
           consider
           the
           weight
           and
           fineness
           of
           the
           Mony
           he
           is
           to
           take
           for
           his
           Plate
           or
           Bullion
           .
        
         
           I
           believe
           it
           is
           very
           hard
           for
           human
           Understanding
           to
           conceive
           how
           an
           ounce
           of
           Mill'd-mony
           of
           the
           Standard-allay
           should
           be
           made
           one
           Penny
           the
           worse
           by
           having
           the
           King's
           Stamp
           put
           upon
           it
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           by
           depriving
           Men
           thereby
           of
           the
           liberty
           to
           Transport
           ,
           Melt
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           use
           it
           as
           they
           think
           fit
           ,
           as
           they
           might
           have
           done
           before
           it
           had
           that
           Stamp
           ;
           and
           then
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           it
           were
           better
           to
           allow
           Men
           that
           liberty
           ,
           which
           would
           occasion
           the
           bringing
           more
           Bullion
           to
           the
           Mint
           than
           the
           raising
           the
           Denomination
           of
           the
           Species
           ever
           will.
           Men
           love
           to
           have
           in
           their
           own
           Hands
           the
           disposal
           of
           what
           is
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           will
           not
           easily
           be
           tempted
           to
           deprive
           themselves
           of
           that
           liberty
           .
        
         
         
           Tho'
           there
           are
           many
           Things
           alledged
           as
           causes
           of
           this
           rise
           of
           the
           Bullion
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           as
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Mony
           and
           Bullion
           ,
           the
           over-ballance
           of
           our
           Trade
           ,
           the
           Exchange
           running
           high
           against
           us
           abroad
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           yet
           the
           only
           true
           Reason
           why
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Bullion
           is
           worth
           a
           Shilling
           more
           than
           5
           Shillings
           of
           our
           Miinted-mony
           ,
           is
           the
           Clipping
           ,
           Corrupting
           and
           Wear
           of
           our
           old
           Minted-mony
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           is
           made
           of
           real
           less
           value
           above
           the
           proportion
           of
           one
           Shilling
           in
           the
           Ounce
           ;
           and
           it
           has
           been
           observed
           ,
           that
           Plate
           bought
           at
           6
           Shillings
           and
           three
           Pence
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           besides
           the
           making
           ,
           have
           yet
           after
           all
           weighed
           as
           much
           again
           as
           the
           Mony
           that
           was
           given
           for
           it
           .
           So
           that
           it
           is
           a
           wonder
           to
           me
           the
           Goldsmith
           has
           not
           raised
           his
           Plate
           to
           ten
           Shillings
           the
           Ounce
           ;
           for
           so
           much
           it
           is
           worth
           when
           it
           is
           paid
           for
           in
           such
           clipp'd
           Mony
           ,
           besides
           the
           making
           .
        
         
           This
           Method
           has
           ,
           nevertheless
           ,
           one
           signal
           Benefit
           and
           piece
           of
           Justice
           in
           it
           ,
           which
           ought
           however
           to
           be
           taken
           care
           of
           if
           it
           be
           rejected
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           the
           payment
           of
           all
           publick
           and
           private
           Debts
           in
           a
           sort
           of
           Mony
           more
           proportionable
           to
           the
           Mony
           lent
           than
           that
           of
           the
           old
           Standard
           is
           ;
           it
           being
           most
           certain
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Mony
           lent
           since
           the
           Revolution
           ,
           is
           not
           of
           much
           more
           than
           half
           the
           Weight
           it
           ought
           to
           have
           had
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           no
           reason
           that
           besides
           an
           exorbitant
           Usury
           ,
           freedom
           from
           Taxes
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           these
           Men
           should
           receive
           at
           last
           two
           Ounces
           of
           Silver
           for
           every
           one
           they
           lent
           ;
           for
           so
           it
           will
           be
           ,
           if
           the
           Mony
           be
           kept
           upon
           the
           old
           Foot
           and
           up
           to
           the
           Standard
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           paid
           in
           .
        
         
           Having
           mentioned
           this
           ,
           I
           pass
           in
           the
           next
           place
           to
           consider
           the
           Effect
           it
           will
           have
           upon
           the
           Royal
           Revenue
           and
           the
           private
           Estates
           of
           the
           Subject
           .
        
         
           The
           Book
           of
           Rates
           having
           fixed
           the
           Sum
           the
           King
           is
           to
           have
           for
           all
           sorts
           of
           Goods
           Exported
           and
           Imported
           ,
           he
           will
           certainly
           lose
           25
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           in
           all
           his
           Customs
           of
           what
           by
           Law
           he
           ought
           to
           have
           :
           And
           yet
           it
           will
           soon
           appear
           ,
           the
           Merchant
           will
           not
           sell
           him
           any
           thing
           one
           Penny
           the
           cheaper
           ,
           for
           he
           will
           raise
           his
           Goods
           on
           some
           pretence
           or
           other
           as
           much
           as
           the
           Mony
           is
           raised
           ,
           well
           knowing
           that
           in
           75
           such
           Pence
           there
           is
           but
           one
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           :
           And
           the
           same
           Effect
           will
           attend
           all
           his
           other
           Revenues
           in
           every
           Branch
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           the
           utter
           Ruin
           of
           the
           Crown
           ;
           
             Which
             ,
          
           as
           His
           Majesty
           saith
           in
           His
           last
           Speech
           ,
           
             is
             not
             able
             to
             maintain
             the
             Civil
             List
             ,
             as
             things
             now
             stand
             ,
             without
             the
             Assistance
             of
             the
             Commons
             .
          
        
         
         
           The
           same
           Effect
           will
           follow
           upon
           all
           the
           Mannors
           ,
           Rents
           of
           Assize
           ,
           Quit-Rents
           and
           Fee-farm
           Rents
           ,
           in
           whose
           Hands
           soever
           they
           are
           .
           When
           these
           Rents
           were
           first
           set
           ,
           a
           Penny
           was
           a
           Penny
           weight
           of
           Silver
           ;
           which
           ,
           as
           Mr.
           
             Lownds
          
           rightly
           asserts
           pag.
           17.
           of
           his
           Essay
           ,
           was
           three
           times
           as
           much
           as
           now
           it
           is
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           continued
           to
           the
           27th
           of
           
             Edward
          
           III.
           when
           the
           Pound
           weight
           of
           Silver
           being
           12
           Ounces
           
             Troy
          
           weight
           ,
           was
           raised
           from
           twenty
           Shillings
           to
           twenty
           five
           Shillings
           ;
           which
           ,
           in
           the
           9th
           of
           
             Henry
          
           V.
           was
           again
           raised
           to
           thirty
           Shillings
           the
           Pound
           weight
           .
           In
           the
           1st
           of
           
             Henry
          
           VI.
           it
           was
           raised
           to
           thirty
           seven
           Shillings
           and
           six
           Pence
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           4th
           of
           that
           King's
           Reign
           it
           was
           again
           lowred
           to
           thirty
           Shillings
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           49th
           Year
           it
           was
           again
           raised
           to
           thirty
           seven
           Shillings
           and
           six
           Pence
           .
           In
           the
           1st
           of
           
             Henry
          
           VIII
           .
           it
           was
           raised
           to
           forty
           five
           Shillings
           by
           tale
           ,
           which
           was
           double
           the
           proportion
           it
           bore
           in
           the
           Reigns
           of
           
             Edward
          
           I.
           II
           ,
           and
           III.
           and
           so
           on
           to
           the
           9th
           of
           
             Henry
          
           V.
           So
           that
           by
           this
           time
           ,
           all
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           had
           lost
           in
           their
           Mannors
           and
           Quit-Rents
           ,
           the
           one
           half
           of
           their
           Income
           ,
           and
           five
           Shillings
           over
           in
           the
           Pound
           
             Troy.
             
          
        
         
           In
           all
           the
           former
           raising
           the
           Mony
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           if
           the
           History
           of
           
             England
          
           be
           consulted
           ,
           it
           will
           appear
           ,
           That
           they
           were
           Times
           of
           great
           Trouble
           ,
           when
           the
           Nation
           had
           been
           exhausted
           by
           Foreign
           or
           Domestick
           Wars
           ;
           and
           therefore
           it
           is
           probable
           ,
           the
           same
           Reasons
           were
           used
           to
           persuade
           both
           Prince
           and
           People
           to
           consent
           to
           it
           ,
           that
           are
           used
           now
           :
           But
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           it
           is
           wonderful
           that
           none
           of
           these
           Princes
           should
           consider
           ,
           That
           as
           they
           raised
           the
           Mony
           ,
           they
           abated
           their
           Revenues
           .
        
         
           That
           Rise
           made
           in
           the
           1st
           of
           
             Henry
          
           VIII
           .
           seems
           to
           have
           been
           the
           most
           causless
           of
           all
           ,
           that
           Prince
           being
           left
           exceeding
           Rich
           by
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           not
           having
           any
           War
           at
           home
           or
           abroad
           to
           occasion
           it
           .
           In
           the
           34th
           Year
           he
           raised
           the
           Coin
           to
           forty
           eight
           Shillings
           in
           the
           Pound
           weight
           of
           Silver
           ,
           tho'
           there
           was
           but
           10
           Ounces
           fine
           Silver
           and
           2
           Ounces
           base
           .
           After
           this
           time
           the
           Corruption
           of
           the
           Mony
           grew
           so
           fast
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           1st
           of
           
             Edward
          
           VI.
           there
           was
           8
           Ounces
           Alloy
           to
           4
           of
           fine
           Silver
           :
           And
           in
           the
           5th
           Year
           of
           his
           Reign
           he
           put
           nine
           Ounces
           Allay
           to
           three
           of
           fine
           Silver
           ,
           which
           raised
           twelve
           Ounces
           of
           fine
           Silver
           to
           14
           
             l.
          
           8.
           
             s.
          
           and
           thereby
           the
           Mischief
           became
           so
           sensible
           that
           the
           next
           Year
           after
           he
           began
           to
           reform
           his
           Mony
           ,
           and
           eleven
           Ounces
           one
           Penny
           weight
           fine
           ,
           and
           nineteen
           Penny
           weight
           Alloy
           was
           Coined
           into
           three
           Pounds
           by
           tale
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           continued
           to
           the
           19th
           of
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           when
           
           the
           old
           Standard
           of
           fineness
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           11
           Ounces
           18
           Penny
           weight
           fine
           Silver
           and
           2
           Penny
           weight
           Alloy
           was
           restored
           ,
           and
           the
           Mony
           Coined
           at
           60
           
             s.
          
           to
           the
           Pound
           
             Troy
          
           weight
           ,
           as
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           now
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           ever
           since
           .
        
         
           By
           which
           it
           will
           appear
           ,
           That
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           were
           so
           wearied
           out
           by
           the
           detestable
           debasing
           of
           the
           Coin
           in
           the
           Reigns
           of
           
             Henry
          
           VIII
           .
           and
           
             Edward
          
           VI.
           that
           they
           willingly
           consented
           to
           have
           the
           Mony
           raised
           to
           sixty
           Shillings
           the
           Pound
           
             Troy
             ,
          
           tho'
           thereby
           they
           lost
           ⅔
           parts
           of
           what
           was
           paid
           to
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           provided
           they
           might
           have
           the
           Mony
           brought
           nearer
           to
           its
           former
           Purity
           ,
           tho'
           not
           full
           up
           to
           the
           Sterling
           Standard
           ;
           which
           was
           after
           done
           by
           Q.
           
             Eliz.
          
           and
           hath
           ever
           since
           been
           observed
           by
           all
           her
           Successors
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           value
           of
           Silver
           ,
           compared
           with
           Gold
           and
           other
           Merchandize
           that
           is
           brought
           from
           abroad
           ,
           there
           is
           another
           value
           belongs
           to
           it
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           be
           found
           by
           considering
           the
           price
           of
           a
           Bushel
           of
           Wheat
           ,
           or
           a
           Years
           Wages
           of
           a
           Servant
           or
           Day-labourer
           .
           Now
           it
           is
           most
           certain
           that
           Silver
           ,
           by
           the
           Discovery
           of
           the
           
             West-Indies
          
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           
             Henry
          
           VII
           .
           becoming
           much
           more
           plentiful
           in
           the
           times
           of
           the
           succeeding
           Princes
           than
           it
           had
           been
           before
           ;
           all
           that
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           bought
           became
           much
           dearer
           ,
           
             i.
             e.
          
           it
           cost
           much
           more
           Silver
           than
           it
           did
           before
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Incomes
           of
           their
           Mannors
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           were
           but
           one
           third
           of
           what
           had
           been
           paid
           to
           their
           Ancestors
           :
           But
           then
           they
           helped
           themselves
           a
           little
           by
           dividing
           the
           Church
           and
           Abby
           Lands
           among
           themselves
           ,
           and
           by
           raising
           the
           Rents
           of
           those
           Lands
           which
           they
           had
           not
           put
           out
           of
           their
           Power
           ;
           but
           the
           Clergy
           could
           not
           do
           so
           too
           ,
           and
           thereby
           many
           of
           the
           Bishopricks
           became
           exceeding
           Poor
           ,
           that
           would
           have
           been
           Rich
           ,
           if
           their
           Rents
           had
           been
           paid
           at
           three
           Penny
           weight
           to
           the
           Penny
           ;
           for
           so
           every
           hundred
           Pound
           the
           Year
           they
           now
           receive
           ,
           would
           have
           been
           three
           hundred
           Pounds
           .
        
         
           These
           Considerations
           are
           so
           material
           ,
           that
           they
           deserve
           ,
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           to
           be
           reflected
           upon
           with
           the
           utmost
           Attention
           :
           And
           altho'
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           the
           Mony
           may
           be
           lowred
           to
           60
           Pence
           in
           the
           Ounce
           when
           the
           War
           is
           ended
           and
           Mony
           is
           become
           more
           plentiful
           ;
           yet
           it
           may
           be
           observed
           ,
           when
           once
           it
           is
           raised
           it
           can
           never
           be
           kept
           down
           ,
           but
           will
           soon
           rise
           again
           to
           what
           it
           was
           before
           :
           And
           if
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           come
           once
           to
           pay
           5
           
             s.
          
           with
           3
           
             s.
          
           9
           
             d.
          
           they
           will
           never
           come
           back
           to
           the
           old
           Rent
           again
           without
           the
           hazard
           of
           a
           Civil
           War.
           
        
         
           So
           that
           if
           it
           be
           thought
           fit
           to
           raise
           the
           Mony
           to
           75
           
             d.
          
           in
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           I
           humbly
           offer
           it
           to
           Consideration
           whether
           it
           be
           not
           reasonable
           ,
           
           That
           all
           Quit-Rents
           ,
           Fee-farm
           Rents
           ,
           Rents
           of
           Assize
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Rents
           that
           are
           due
           upon
           Leases
           ,
           should
           be
           paid
           in
           the
           same
           Mony
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           value
           they
           were
           at
           before
           ;
           or
           that
           at
           least
           ,
           the
           time
           be
           limited
           how
           long
           they
           shall
           be
           thus
           paid
           ,
           and
           no
           other
           Tax
           ,
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           be
           laid
           upon
           them
           ;
           this
           Tax
           being
           25
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           as
           the
           Owners
           will
           soon
           find
           ,
           whatever
           is
           pretended
           to
           the
           contrary
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           Rises
           were
           very
           moderate
           ,
           but
           5
           Shillings
           in
           a
           Pound
           weight
           of
           Silver
           ,
           which
           is
           15
           Shillings
           of
           our
           Mony
           in
           3
           Pound
           ,
           a
           quarter
           part
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           Reigns
           of
           
             Henry
          
           VIII
           .
           and
           his
           Son
           
             Edward
             ,
          
           when
           Silver
           was
           become
           much
           more
           plentiful
           than
           ever
           it
           had
           been
           before
           ,
           it
           was
           raised
           from
           37
           
             s.
          
           6
           
             d.
          
           to
           3
           
             l.
          
           which
           was
           above
           a
           third
           part
           ;
           2
           
             s.
          
           6
           
             d.
          
           and
           this
           would
           never
           have
           passed
           ,
           if
           the
           Gentry
           and
           Nobility
           had
           not
           been
           sweetned
           ,
           by
           the
           giving
           them
           the
           Abby-Lands
           ,
           or
           selling
           them
           at
           easie
           Rates
           ,
           which
           was
           almost
           the
           same
           thing
           .
        
         
           Since
           that
           time
           there
           has
           no
           alteration
           been
           made
           in
           the
           value
           of
           our
           Coin
           ,
           tho'
           we
           have
           had
           a
           Domestick
           War
           that
           lasted
           20
           Years
           ,
           nor
           could
           any
           thing
           but
           this
           impudent
           Clipping
           and
           Counterfeiting
           of
           our
           Mony
           have
           made
           it
           seem
           necessary
           now
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           Clipp'd
           Mony
           be
           made
           to
           go
           by
           Weight
           at
           5
           
             s.
          
           to
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           it
           will
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           Clipping
           ,
           and
           bring
           out
           all
           the
           Hoarded
           Mony
           too
           ;
           and
           so
           put
           an
           end
           to
           this
           seeming
           Necessity
           .
        
         
           It
           were
           better
           to
           give
           6
           
             s.
          
           an
           Ounce
           for
           Bullion
           ,
           and
           to
           pay
           it
           back
           again
           at
           5
           
             s.
          
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           for
           then
           the
           Nation
           loseth
           only
           1
           
             s
             :
          
           in
           every
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           that
           is
           Minted
           ;
           but
           the
           raising
           the
           Mony
           to
           75
           
             d.
          
           in
           the
           Ounce
           gives
           away
           25
           
             l.
             per
             Cent.
          
           of
           all
           our
           Estates
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           it
           is
           continued
           at
           that
           rate
           .
        
         
           The
           continuing
           the
           same
           Names
           of
           our
           Mony
           when
           the
           Value
           or
           Weight
           was
           alter'd
           ,
           has
           been
           the
           Cheat
           that
           has
           deceived
           our
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           to
           be
           hoped
           that
           this
           Generation
           is
           wiser
           than
           to
           suffer
           it self
           to
           be
           so
           deluded
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           times
           of
           Confusion
           between
           the
           Years
           1640
           and
           1660.
           the
           Merchants
           and
           other
           Monied
           Men
           began
           first
           to
           put
           their
           Cash
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           Goldsmiths
           of
           
             London
          
           to
           keep
           it
           for
           them
           ;
           and
           from
           that
           time
           the
           Clipping
           of
           our
           Mony
           became
           frequent
           ,
           and
           as
           long
           as
           the
           Goldsmith
           would
           take
           it
           ,
           no
           other
           Body
           scrupul'd
           it
           ;
           tho'
           it
           may
           be
           observed
           to
           have
           grown
           every
           Year
           less
           and
           less
           ,
           but
           especially
           since
           the
           calling
           of
           great
           quantities
           out
           of
           their
           Hands
           for
           the
           
             Royal
             Bank
             of
             England
             ,
          
           the
           
             East-India
          
           Company
           ,
           
           and
           other
           such
           publick
           Fonds
           ;
           and
           there
           has
           special
           Care
           been
           taken
           by
           some
           Men
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           good
           Mony
           that
           has
           been
           brought
           into
           the
           Exchequer
           in
           all
           this
           War
           ,
           should
           never
           go
           down
           into
           the
           Country
           again
           till
           it
           was
           put
           into
           as
           bad
           a
           Condition
           as
           the
           rest
           ;
           so
           that
           tho'
           no
           particular
           Man
           can
           be
           charged
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           apparent
           who
           have
           been
           the
           Promoters
           of
           this
           Mischief
           ,
           and
           for
           what
           End
           it
           has
           been
           done
           ,
           and
           upon
           what
           Occasion
           .
        
         
           There
           may
           be
           two
           Uses
           made
           of
           this
           Consideration
           .
           1.
           
           That
           it
           is
           but
           reasonable
           those
           Cash-keepers
           who
           have
           had
           so
           great
           a
           share
           in
           the
           Profit
           made
           by
           this
           ,
           should
           also
           have
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Loss
           left
           upon
           them
           .
           2.
           
           That
           if
           any
           Mony
           that
           may
           hereafter
           be
           Clipp'd
           be
           left
           in
           the
           old
           Form
           ,
           it
           will
           certainly
           be
           an
           occasion
           to
           continue
           both
           the
           Clipping
           and
           the
           Counterfeiting
           too
           ,
           if
           Provision
           be
           not
           made
           to
           secure
           the
           Weight
           of
           it
           from
           time
           to
           time
           .
           It
           is
           said
           ,
           That
           3
           
             s.
          
           9
           
             d.
          
           thus
           Mill'd
           ,
           will
           buy
           as
           much
           as
           5
           clipp'd
           Shillings
           .
           Now
           suppose
           it
           will
           ,
           I
           should
           think
           it
           but
           reasonable
           to
           put
           us
           into
           the
           same
           Estate
           we
           should
           have
           been
           in
           if
           the
           Mony
           had
           never
           been
           Clipp'd
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           pretend
           to
           redress
           the
           Grievance
           by
           giving
           us
           Mill'd-mony
           that
           will
           go
           no
           further
           than
           the
           Clipp'd-mony
           will.
           It
           is
           intended
           ,
           That
           a
           Mill'd
           five
           Shilling
           piece
           should
           go
           for
           6
           
             s.
          
           3
           
             d.
          
           Now
           in
           Mony
           of
           that
           weight
           and
           fineness
           ought
           all
           the
           Quit-Rents
           of
           the
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           to
           be
           paid
           :
           And
           whilst
           such
           care
           is
           taken
           of
           the
           Monied-men
           as
           to
           repay
           them
           the
           Damage
           they
           have
           done
           the
           Mony
           ,
           by
           furnishing
           the
           Clippers
           ,
           and
           purchasing
           the
           Bullion
           Clipp'd
           off
           ,
           it
           is
           thought
           convenient
           to
           abate
           a
           quarter
           part
           of
           our
           Revenue
           ,
           only
           because
           the
           other
           3
           Parts
           will
           go
           as
           far
           as
           the
           Clipp'd
           Mony.
           
        
         
           It
           is
           alledged
           ,
           if
           our
           Mony
           is
           so
           good
           that
           the
           Neighbour
           Nations
           will
           draw
           it
           away
           from
           us
           ,
           and
           leave
           us
           but
           little
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           should
           ,
           we
           shall
           certainly
           draw
           in
           as
           much
           as
           is
           drawn
           out
           ,
           and
           there
           will
           nothing
           be
           lost
           but
           the
           Minting
           Charges
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           hard
           if
           the
           Trade
           will
           not
           over-ballance
           that
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           Mony
           is
           scarce
           ,
           be
           the
           Standard
           great
           or
           small
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           so
           easily
           be
           sturred
           :
           And
           had
           our
           Clipp'd
           Mony
           been
           called
           in
           but
           10
           Years
           agon
           ,
           we
           had
           now
           had
           some
           Millions
           of
           Mill'd-mony
           more
           than
           we
           now
           have
           .
           When
           the
           corrupt
           Mony
           minted
           by
           
             Henry
          
           VIII
           .
           and
           
             Edward
          
           VI.
           went
           with
           the
           good
           Mony
           of
           
             Edward
          
           VI
           ,
           Queen
           
             Mary
          
           and
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
          
           the
           good
           Mony
           was
           hoarded
           up
           and
           Transported
           ;
           but
           when
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           had
           once
           refined
           and
           reminted
           that
           bad
           Mony
           ,
           good
           Mony
           
           became
           so
           plentiful
           as
           the
           bad
           was
           before
           ,
           and
           continued
           so
           till
           till
           the
           Clippers
           brought
           us
           into
           the
           same
           Estate
           we
           were
           then
           in
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           been
           inform'd
           (
           how
           truly
           I
           know
           not
           )
           that
           the
           States
           of
           
             Holland
          
           suffer
           their
           own
           Mony
           to
           be
           carried
           out
           and
           in
           as
           freely
           as
           any
           other
           Commodity
           ,
           and
           yet
           for
           all
           that
           have
           ever
           a
           vast
           Treasure
           by
           them
           .
           And
           we
           see
           all
           the
           severe
           Laws
           in
           
             Spain
          
           cannot
           keep
           their
           Mony
           at
           home
           ;
           nor
           has
           that
           effect
           followed
           in
           any
           other
           Country
           :
           So
           that
           perhaps
           the
           leaving
           Men
           at
           perfect
           Liberty
           is
           the
           most
           effectual
           method
           of
           encreasing
           our
           Mony
           ;
           for
           then
           Men
           will
           bring
           their
           Plate
           and
           Bullion
           to
           the
           Mint
           ,
           when
           they
           know
           it
           may
           be
           easily
           and
           safely
           reduced
           back
           to
           what
           it
           was
           before
           ,
           or
           be
           Transported
           as
           it
           is
           to
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Earth
           where
           they
           can
           hope
           for
           Advantage
           :
           But
           if
           this
           is
           denied
           them
           ,
           then
           they
           will
           keep
           it
           as
           it
           is
           ,
           because
           in
           so
           doing
           they
           keek
           the
           liberty
           of
           disposing
           of
           it
           as
           their
           Occasions
           require
           .
           Who
           would
           carry
           his
           Dollars
           to
           the
           Mint
           ,
           who
           for
           ought
           he
           knew
           might
           have
           occasion
           in
           a
           few
           Weeks
           to
           imploy
           them
           abroad
           ,
           and
           by
           so
           doing
           should
           be
           deprived
           of
           the
           liberty
           to
           make
           use
           of
           what
           was
           his
           own
           ?
        
         
           Men
           pretend
           that
           Foreigners
           will
           give
           more
           for
           our
           Mony
           than
           can
           be
           made
           of
           it
           at
           home
           .
           This
           is
           not
           true
           when
           generally
           asserted
           ;
           there
           are
           times
           when
           they
           will
           draw
           our
           Mony
           ,
           and
           there
           are
           times
           when
           we
           shall
           draw
           it
           back
           again
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           theirs
           with
           it
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           by
           our
           
             Guineas
             ,
          
           tho'
           to
           our
           loss
           perhaps
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           our
           Mony
           becomes
           scarce
           our
           Neighbours
           will
           gladly
           exchange
           Commodities
           with
           us
           ,
           because
           such
           a
           value
           will
           grow
           upon
           our
           Mony
           (
           by
           what
           Name
           soever
           it
           is
           called
           )
           that
           there
           will
           more
           be
           saved
           by
           our
           Commodities
           than
           by
           taking
           our
           Mony.
           But
           still
           this
           is
           upon
           a
           Supposition
           our
           Mony
           is
           reduced
           first
           all
           of
           it
           to
           the
           old
           Standard
           ,
           both
           in
           Weight
           and
           Goodness
           ,
           or
           Purity
           .
           The
           Clipping
           and
           Debasing
           of
           our
           Mony
           is
           ,
           by
           
             Mr.
             Lownds
             ,
          
           acknowledged
           to
           be
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           rise
           of
           our
           Guineas
           ;
           but
           then
           it
           is
           as
           certainly
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           rise
           of
           Plate
           and
           Bullion
           15
           
             d.
          
           in
           the
           Ounce
           ;
           take
           away
           this
           disorder
           and
           the
           Guineas
           will
           sink
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           and
           so
           will
           the
           Bullion
           too
           to
           its
           former
           price
           of
           5
           
             s.
          
           2
           
             d.
          
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           sold
           now
           in
           
             Holland
             .
          
        
         
           There
           is
           in
           Mony
           an
           Intrinsick
           and
           an
           Extrinsick
           value
           .
           The
           Intrinsick
           consists
           in
           its
           
             weight
          
           and
           
             purity
             ,
          
           and
           this
           may
           be
           fixed
           and
           kept
           at
           the
           same
           Standard
           ,
           abating
           what
           by
           time
           and
           use
           is
           worn
           of
           it
           if
           it
           go
           by
           tale
           .
           The
           Extrinsick
           value
           is
           never
           to
           be
           fixed
           ,
           but
           depends
           both
           upon
           the
           plenty
           and
           scarcity
           of
           Mony
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           
           other
           things
           that
           are
           bought
           with
           it
           .
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           Q.
           
             Mary
          
           the
           usual
           price
           of
           a
           quarter
           of
           Wheat
           was
           6
           
             s.
          
           8
           
             d.
          
           which
           is
           10
           
             d.
          
           a
           Bushel
           .
           In
           the
           1st
           
           Year
           of
           K.
           
             James
          
           1.
           it
           was
           1
           
             l.
          
           6
           
             s.
          
           8
           
             d.
          
           which
           is
           four
           times
           as
           much
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Extrinsick
           value
           of
           an
           
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           sunk
           so
           much
           in
           that
           time
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           greater
           plenty
           of
           it
           .
           By
           the
           20th
           Year
           of
           that
           King's
           Reign
           the
           price
           of
           a
           quarter
           of
           Wheat
           rose
           to
           1
           
             l.
          
           12
           
             s.
          
           that
           is
           4
           
             s.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ;
           so
           that
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           was
           worth
           almost
           4
           times
           as
           much
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           Q.
           
             Mary
             ,
          
           as
           it
           was
           the
           21st
           of
           K.
           
             James
             ,
          
           the
           plenty
           of
           it
           being
           5
           fold
           greater
           then
           than
           it
           was
           before
           .
           By
           the
           Year
           1663.
           the
           quarter
           of
           Wheat
           was
           estimated
           at
           2
           
             l.
          
           8
           
             s.
          
           which
           is
           12
           
             s.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ;
           so
           that
           between
           the
           20th
           of
           K.
           
             James
          
           and
           the
           15th
           of
           
             Charles
          
           II.
           the
           Silver
           sunk
           two
           thirds
           in
           its
           value
           .
        
         
           But
           then
           it
           is
           to
           be
           noted
           ,
           That
           there
           are
           dear
           and
           cheap
           Years
           which
           depend
           upon
           the
           plenty
           or
           scarcity
           of
           the
           Commodity
           .
           Wheat
           has
           in
           my
           memory
           been
           sold
           for
           10
           
             s.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           In
           1648.
           and
           1663.
           by
           reason
           of
           wet
           Harvists
           ,
           and
           yet
           in
           1647.
           it
           was
           but
           2
           
             s.
          
           6
           
             d.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ;
           and
           in
           1690.
           
           Wheat
           was
           sold
           in
           my
           Country
           for
           2
           
             s.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Wheat
           the
           next
           Year
           after
           was
           sold
           for
           5
           
             s.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ,
           which
           was
           occasioned
           by
           excessive
           Rains
           that
           laid
           and
           spoiled
           the
           Crop.
           
        
         
           So
           the
           same
           Corn
           that
           is
           sold
           in
           
             Kent
          
           for
           6
           
             s.
          
           the
           Bushel
           ,
           may
           be
           bought
           in
           
             Herefordshire
          
           for
           4
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           for
           3
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           distance
           of
           the
           Country
           from
           a
           Market
           that
           can
           carry
           it
           off
           ,
           and
           the
           price
           Men
           give
           for
           the
           Lands
           it
           grows
           on
           .
           But
           I
           think
           I
           may
           safely
           say
           ,
           That
           a
           Bushel
           of
           Wheat
           is
           scarce
           ever
           2
           Years
           together
           worth
           less
           than
           4
           
             s.
          
           which
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           Q.
           
           Mary's
           Reign
           was
           seldom
           worth
           more
           than
           10
           
             d.
          
           and
           therefore
           there
           is
           now
           more
           than
           4
           times
           as
           much
           Mony
           as
           there
           was
           in
           1553.
           and
           consequently
           that
           it
           is
           less
           than
           a
           4th
           part
           of
           the
           value
           it
           was
           then
           .
           So
           that
           he
           that
           had
           then
           10
           
             l.
          
           the
           Year
           ,
           could
           live
           of
           it
           as
           well
           as
           he
           that
           hath
           45
           
             l.
          
           the
           Year
           can
           now
           ;
           and
           50
           
             l.
          
           the
           Year
           then
           ,
           was
           equal
           to
           above
           100
           now
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           true
           method
           of
           finding
           the
           Extrinsick
           value
           of
           Mony
           ,
           for
           a
           Bushel
           of
           Wheat
           has
           in
           all
           these
           times
           been
           of
           the
           same
           use
           and
           natural
           value
           ;
           and
           I
           do
           not
           doubt
           but
           in
           the
           times
           of
           
             William
          
           the
           Conq.
           a
           Bushel
           of
           Wheat
           was
           not
           worth
           above
           1
           
             d.
          
           of
           our
           Mony
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           ,
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           was
           worth
           10
           times
           as
           much
           in
           his
           Reign
           as
           it
           was
           in
           hers
           ,
           and
           48
           times
           as
           much
           as
           it
           is
           now
           :
           So
           much
           has
           the
           Mony
           encreased
           since
           that
           time
           ,
           and
           by
           its
           plenty
           abated
           the
           Extrinsick
           value
           .
        
         
         
           And
           altho'
           the
           certain
           Extrinsick
           value
           of
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Sterling
           Silver
           is
           hard
           to
           be
           now
           fixed
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           abuse
           of
           our
           English
           Coin
           ,
           yet
           without
           question
           it
           is
           not
           of
           the
           4th
           part
           of
           that
           value
           that
           it
           was
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           Q.
           
           Mary's
           Reign
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           as
           certain
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           but
           a
           small
           difference
           ,
           of
           2
           
             d.
          
           or
           3
           
             d.
          
           at
           most
           ,
           between
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Sterling
           Bullion
           and
           an
           Ounce
           of
           Sterling
           Mony
           ,
           be
           it
           Clipp'd
           or
           Unclipp'd
           .
        
         
           Supposing
           this
           Project
           of
           raising
           the
           Mony
           should
           succeed
           ,
           that
           which
           is
           now
           but
           15
           
             s.
          
           Sterling
           would
           by
           the
           Law
           be
           called
           a
           Pound
           ;
           and
           if
           4
           
             s.
          
           be
           raised
           upon
           every
           such
           Pound
           ,
           then
           the
           remainder
           would
           be
           but
           11
           
             s.
          
           which
           with
           the
           Reparitions
           would
           come
           but
           to
           10
           ;
           so
           that
           by
           it
           one
           half
           of
           our
           Estates
           would
           be
           taken
           from
           us
           ,
           tho'
           the
           Charge
           were
           but
           equal
           to
           that
           of
           the
           last
           Year
           .
        
         
           That
           Land
           in
           my
           own
           Estate
           that
           was
           Rented
           at
           1
           
             s.
             per
             Ann.
          
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           
             Edward
          
           IV.
           hath
           for
           many
           Years
           last
           past
           been
           Rented
           at
           20
           
             s.
          
           And
           this
           is
           another
           Effect
           of
           the
           Encrease
           of
           Mony
           in
           
             England
          
           since
           the
           Discovery
           of
           the
           
             West-Indies
             ,
          
           which
           happened
           after
           the
           times
           of
           that
           Prince
           .
           We
           may
           well
           suppose
           that
           the
           Rents
           of
           those
           times
           bore
           a
           proportion
           to
           the
           plenty
           of
           Mony
           as
           they
           do
           now
           ;
           for
           where
           Mony
           is
           scarce
           there
           Lands
           will
           be
           cheap
           ,
           and
           so
           on
           the
           contrary
           .
           And
           when
           the
           Nation
           grew
           Rich
           by
           the
           Peace
           of
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Trade
           that
           followed
           upon
           it
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           
             James
          
           I.
           the
           Lands
           became
           of
           double
           the
           value
           they
           were
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           Q.
           
             Eliz.
          
           only
           by
           bringing
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Silver
           and
           Gold
           into
           
             England
             ;
          
           for
           besides
           what
           we
           drew
           thence
           by
           our
           Trade
           ,
           all
           the
           Mony
           that
           was
           sent
           from
           
             Spain
          
           to
           maintain
           the
           Wat
           with
           the
           Dutch
           in
           
             Flanders
             ,
          
           came
           by
           the
           way
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           as
           fast
           as
           it
           came
           in
           was
           sent
           to
           the
           
             Tower
          
           to
           be
           minted
           :
           So
           that
           whereas
           in
           all
           the
           long
           Reign
           of
           Q.
           
             Eliz.
          
           there
           was
           bus
           little
           above
           4
           Millions
           in
           the
           first
           12
           Years
           of
           his
           Reign
           ;
           1558014
           
             l.
          
           9
           
             s.
          
           9
           
             d.
          
           which
           was
           much
           more
           than
           was
           Coined
           in
           her
           time
           in
           so
           short
           a
           space
           ,
           if
           the
           Mony
           fetched
           out
           of
           the
           debased
           Mony
           minted
           by
           her
           Father
           and
           Brother
           be
           deducted
           ,
           as
           of
           right
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           .
        
         
           Yet
           this
           turned
           much
           more
           to
           the
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           Shopkeeper
           and
           Tradesman
           ,
           than
           to
           that
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           Church
           ,
           Nobility
           and
           Landed
           Gentry
           .
           The
           Revenues
           of
           the
           Crown
           (
           the
           Customs
           excepted
           )
           were
           reduced
           to
           one
           third
           part
           of
           what
           they
           had
           anciently
           been
           ;
           and
           that
           too
           was
           sunk
           in
           its
           Exrrinsive
           value
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           above
           :
           So
           that
           King
           
             James
          
           I.
           as
           he
           made
           the
           Nation
           richer
           than
           any
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           had
           done
           by
           his
           peacable
           
           Reign
           ,
           made
           himself
           the
           poorest
           King
           that
           ever
           sat
           on
           the
           Throne
           of
           
             England
             ;
          
           and
           this
           Poverty
           of
           the
           Crown
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           the
           Domestick
           War
           that
           happened
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           his
           Son.
           
        
         
           The
           Nobility
           of
           
             England
          
           that
           had
           been
           so
           over
           powerful
           in
           the
           former
           times
           ,
           when
           their
           Revenues
           were
           paid
           upon
           the
           foot
           of
           a
           Penny-weight
           for
           a
           Penny
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           able
           to
           grapple
           with
           the
           Crown
           ,
           became
           so
           poor
           by
           the
           raising
           the
           Mony
           to
           60
           
             d.
          
           in
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           or
           the
           loss
           of
           two
           third
           parts
           of
           their
           Mannors
           ,
           that
           they
           retained
           only
           the
           Honours
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           but
           had
           very
           little
           of
           the
           Power
           and
           Splendor
           that
           attended
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Gentry
           too
           ,
           tho'
           they
           escaped
           better
           at
           first
           because
           they
           had
           more
           of
           the
           Lands
           in
           their
           Hands
           which
           they
           raised
           the
           Rents
           of
           ,
           which
           the
           other
           could
           not
           do
           by
           their
           Manners
           and
           Quit-Rents
           ;
           but
           tho'
           they
           had
           the
           same
           denominations
           of
           Mony
           ,
           had
           indeed
           but
           the
           third
           part
           of
           the
           Silver
           that
           was
           at
           first
           reserved
           and
           paid
           to
           their
           Ancestors
           :
           The
           Gentry
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           too
           were
           over-topp'd
           by
           the
           more
           wealthy
           Merchants
           and
           Tradesman
           ,
           and
           endeavouring
           above
           their
           Ability
           to
           keep
           up
           the
           ways
           of
           Living
           that
           had
           been
           practised
           by
           their
           Ancestors
           ;
           this
           and
           the
           War
           that
           followed
           ,
           and
           the
           immense
           Taxes
           paid
           since
           the
           War
           began
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           have
           intirely
           Ruined
           many
           of
           the
           ancient
           Families
           ,
           and
           brought
           the
           rest
           under
           such
           Debts
           ,
           that
           there
           wants
           but
           this
           taking
           a
           4th
           part
           of
           what
           is
           left
           ,
           and
           the
           heavy
           Taxes
           that
           must
           be
           kept
           up
           during
           the
           War
           ,
           to
           accomplish
           their
           Ruine
           too
           .
        
         
           The
           Church
           ,
           whether
           we
           consider
           the
           Dignified
           Clergy
           or
           the
           Parish-Priests
           ,
           have
           been
           as
           great
           Losers
           as
           any
           of
           the
           other
           three
           ;
           and
           if
           now
           their
           Revenues
           be
           sunk
           from
           20
           
             s.
          
           to
           15
           ,
           and
           the
           old
           Rents
           of
           their
           Mannors
           ,
           and
           the
           Customs
           in
           their
           Parishes
           stand
           as
           now
           they
           are
           ,
           the
           Service
           of
           God
           in
           many
           Places
           will
           wholly
           fail
           for
           want
           of
           a
           Subsistance
           for
           the
           Minister
           ;
           and
           some
           of
           our
           Bishopricks
           ,
           that
           are
           now
           but
           low
           ,
           will
           find
           no
           Body
           that
           will
           accept
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           Love
           I
           have
           for
           my
           Native
           Country
           hath
           forced
           me
           to
           lay
           these
           Considerations
           before
           my
           Superiors
           ,
           who
           perhaps
           in
           the
           multiplicity
           of
           their
           other
           great
           Affairs
           ,
           may
           not
           of
           a
           sudden
           have
           all
           those
           things
           represented
           by
           their
           Memories
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           they
           otherwise
           well
           know
           ,
           and
           I
           pretend
           to
           no
           more
           than
           to
           be
           their
           
             Remembrancer
             .
          
        
         
           If
           I
           have
           mistaken
           in
           any
           thing
           ,
           I
           humbly
           submit
           it
           to
           the
           Correction
           of
           my
           Superiors
           ,
           and
           pray
           ,
           That
           at
           least
           I
           may
           not
           be
           treated
           for
           this
           my
           Charity
           to
           my
           Country
           ,
           as
           have
           before
           been
           on
           all
           Occasions
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           Cause
           that
           I
           know
           of
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A69599-e90
           
             It
             is
             now
             averr'd
             that
             Bullion
             in
             
               Holland
            
             is
             but
             5
             
               s.
            
             2
             
               d.
            
             the
             Ounce
             .
          
           
             1
             Phi.
             &
             Mary
             ,
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             1
             Jam.
             1.
             25.