Precepts, or, Directions for the well ordering and carriage of a mans life, through the whole course thereof: left by William, Lord Burghly, to his sonne, at his death, who was sometimes Lord Treasurer of this kingdome. Also some other precepts and advertisements added, which sometimes was the iewell and delight of the right Honourable Lord and father to his country Francis, Earl of Bedford, deceased. In two bookes Certaine precepts Burghley, William Cecil, Baron, 1520-1598. 1636 Approx. 96 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 104 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A18304 STC 4899 ESTC S118517 99853724 99853724 19119 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A18304) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 19119) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1167:02) Precepts, or, Directions for the well ordering and carriage of a mans life, through the whole course thereof: left by William, Lord Burghly, to his sonne, at his death, who was sometimes Lord Treasurer of this kingdome. Also some other precepts and advertisements added, which sometimes was the iewell and delight of the right Honourable Lord and father to his country Francis, Earl of Bedford, deceased. In two bookes Certaine precepts Burghley, William Cecil, Baron, 1520-1598. Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo, attributed name. Cyprian, Saint, Bishop of Carthage, attributed name. [14], 144 p., plate : port. Printed [by Thomas Harper] for Thomas Iones, and are to be sold at his shop in the Strand, neare Yorke House, London : 1636. An expanded version of: Certaine precepts. Printer's name from colophon. In two parts; pagination and register are continuous. "A glasse wherein those enormities and foule abuses may most evidently bee seen, which are the destruction and overthrow of every Christian common-wealth", a translation of "De duodecim abusionum gradibus", sometimes attributed to St. Augustine and to St. Cyprian, has separate dated title page; reprinted from STC 84.5. Imperfect: tightly bound, with considerable loss of text; pp. 8-47 from Folger Shakespeare Library copy filmed at end. Reproduction of the original in the Folger Shakespeare Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Conduct of life -- Early works to 1800. 2007-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-07 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-11 Elspeth Healey Sampled and proofread 2007-11 Elspeth Healey Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion COR VNVM VIA VNA The right honorable Sr William Cecill Knight , Baron of Burghley Knight of the honorable Order of the Garter Maister of Her highnes Ward 's and Liueries one of the Lords of her Maiesties Priuie Counsell and Lord High Tresorer of England . PRECEPTS , OR , Directions for the well ordering and carriage of a mans life , through the whole course thereof : left by William , Lord Burghly , to his Sonne , at his death , who was sometimes Lord Treasurer of this Kingdome . Also some other Precepts and Advertisements added , which sometimes was the Iewell and delight of the right Honourable Lord and Father to his Country , FRANCIS , Earle of Bedford , deceased . In two Bookes . LONDON , Printed for Thomas Iones , and are to be sold at his shop in the Strand , neare Yorke House , 1636. To the Right Honourable , Richard , Lord Buckhurst , eldest Sonne and heire apparant to the Right Honourable , Edward , Earle of Dorset , Lord Chamberlaine to her Majesty , one of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councell , and Knight of the most Noble order of the GARTER . My good Lord : MVltiplicity of words begets multiplicity of errors : especially in those whose tongues were never polished by Art. It is true , I have much Learning , but that is in my Shop , and it is as true that I am ignorant , having not the happinesse to bee bred a Scholler . Non cuiuis homini licet adire Corinthum . This little Booke ( my Lord ) being formerly printed , hath received good entertainement : and now that it goes under your protection ▪ I doubt not , but it will be much more welcome . The cause of this dedication is to expresse part of my thankefulnesse for the goodnesse I have received from the Noble Earle your Father , the right vertuous Countesse your Mother , and your Honourable selfe , for which the height of my ambition is onely to be stiled Your Honours most humbly devoted to serve you Tho. Iones . THE INDVCTION . BEloved Sonne , the many religious and morall vertues inherent in your matchlesse Mother , under the wings of whose prudent and Godly government , your infancy hath beene trayned and guided up , together with your Education , under so zealous and Learned a Tutor , put mee rather in assurance then hope ( as Tullie sometime exacted from his Sonne , from the onely hearing of Cratippus his Master ) that you are not ignorant of that summary bond , wherein you stand obliged to your Creator and Redeemer , which is onely able to make you happy , both here and hereafter , in life and death : In mentioning whereof , I meane not onely a bare and Historicall knowledge , but with a reall and practicall use adjoyned , without which , though with a seemely assumption , you could expresse to the world in a former habite and living portrayture , all Aristotles Morall vertues , and walke that whole booke in Life and Action : yet are you but a vaine and wretched creature , the fairest out-side of the miserablest inside , that ever was concealed by Toombe , or shadowing : And although I nothing doubt , your youth being guided , and your green vessell seasoned by such wholesome documents and instructions , derived from so all-sufficient Teachers , that you are not unfurnished of such needfull helpes , as may be furtherers to your life and conversation : yet that I may the better retaine and expresse the zealous affection , beseeming a Father to his Sonne , or that you should be forced to derive your stay and advice , rather from the rule of strangers , then from him from whom you are produced , and brought forth . Out of these fore-going considerations therefore , thinking it not unmeet , I have essayed from the affection of a Father , to give you such good advertisements and rules for the fitting and squaring of your life , as are gayned rather by my long experience and observation , than by much reading or Studie , being such ( in my hope ) with that good assistance , that shall season your Youth like the deaw of Age : to the end that you entring into this exorbitant and intangling World , may be the better furnished to avoid those harmelesse courses ; whereinto these dangerous times , and your experience may easily insnare you : and because I would not confound your memory , I have reduced them into tenne Precepts , which if next to Moses Tables , you imprint in your minde , you shall reape the benefit , and I the end of my expectation and content . And thus they follow . The Contents of this Booke . Precept 1. FOr choyce of your Wives . 2 The education of your Children . 3 For houshold provision , and the choyce of Servants . 4 How to intreat your Kindred and Allies . 5 Adviseth to keepe some great man to your friend : and how to complement him . 6 How and when to undertake suits . 7 Advertiseth for suretiship . 8 How to behave a mans selfe . 9 How far to disclose a mans secrets . 10 Adviseth not to be scurrilous in conversation . An addition of some short Precepts and sentences , not impertinent to the former . An addition of some fourefold short remembrances , which every man may experience daily in his life . A Conference betweene a Philosopher and a Iustice . A handfull of short questions , with their resolutions . The genealogy of Pride . BURGHLEY HOUSE From the Gardens . PRECEPT 1. For the choice of your Wives . FIrst , when it shall please God to bring you to Mans estate , making you capable of that Calling , use great providence and circumspection , in choice of your Wives , as the root from whence may spring most of your future good or evill : For it is in the choice of a Wife , as in a project of Warre , wherein to erre but once is to be undone for ever : And therefore be wel advised before you conclud● ought herein ; For though your Errour may teach you wit , it is uncertain whether you shall ever find time to practise it : Therefore the more securely to enter herein , First , well consider your estate , which , if in a true survey , you finde firme and setled , Match neere home , and with deliberation : but if otherwise crazie and Rented , then farre off , and with quicke expedition : be informed truly of their inclination , which that there may bee a more equall Sympathy ; compare it with your owne , how they agree : for you must know , that every good woman makes not for every man a good wife , no otherwise then some one good Dish digesteth with every stomack . After that , enquire diligently of her stocke and race , from whence shee sprung , and how her parents have been affected in their youth . Let her not be poore , how generous so ever : For Generosity without her support , is but a faire shell without her kernell , Because a man can buy nothing in the Market without money . And as it is the safest walking ever between two extremes , so chufe not a wife of such absolute perfection and Beauty , that every carnall eye shall be speak you injury : neither so base and deformed , that breed contempt in others , and bring you to a loathed bed . Make not choise of a Dwarfe or a Foole , for from the one you may beget a race of Pigmeyes , as the other will be your daily griefe and vexation : for it will irke you so oft as you shall heare her talke , and you shall continually finde to your sorrow , that feele that Crosse , that There is nothing so fulsome as a she-foole . Touching the government of your House , let your Hospitalitie be moderate , equall'd to the measure of your estate , rather bountifull then niggardly , yet not prodigall , nor over-costly , for though some who having otherwise consumed themselves with secret vices , have endevoured to colour their riots upon their vertue , yet in my observation , I have not heard nor knowne any man grow poor , by keeping an ordinary , decent , and thrifty Table . Banish drunkennesse out of your Houses , and affect him not that is affected thereunto : for it is a vice that impaires health , consumes wealth , and transformes a man into a beast : a sinne of no single ranke , no ordinary station , that never walkes unattended with a train of misdemeanors at the heeles : besides for the credit thereof , to induce a man , I never heard other commendation ascribed to a Drunkard , more then the wel-bearing of his drink , which is a Commendation fitter for a Brewers horse , or a Dray-mans back , than either for Gentle-men or Serving-men ; for especially , the latter being taken tardy herein is thereby doubly divorced from himself ; for , being first sober , hee is not his own man , and being drunk , he falls short by two degrees . Beware thou spend not above three of the 4 parts of thy revenue , nor above one third part thereof in your house : for the other two parts will but defray extraordinaries , which will alwayes surmount your ordinaries by much : for otherwise you shall live like Beggars in continuall wants , and the needy man can never live happily , nor contented , being broken and distracted with worldly cares : for then every least disaster makes him ready to Morgage or sell : and that Gentleman that sels an Acre of Land , looseth an ounce of credit : for Gentilitie is nothing but ancient Riches : So that if the Foundation do sinke , the Building must needs consequently fall . PRECEPT 2. For the Education of your Children . BRing your children up in obedience and learning , yet without too much austerity , prayse them openly , reprehend them secretly : give them good countenance , and convenient maintenance , according to your ability : for otherwise your lives will seeme their bondage , and then as those are censured , that deferre all good to their end : so that portion you shall leave them , they may thanke death for , and not you . Marry your Daughters betimes , lest they marry themselves . Suffer not your Sonnes to passe the Alpes : for they shall exchange for their forraine travell ( unlesse they go better fortified ) but others vices for their owne vertues , Pride , Blasphemy , and Atheisme , for Humilitie , Reverence , and Religion : and if by chance , out of a more wary industry , they attaine unto any broken Languages , they will profit them no more , then to have one meat served in divers dishes . Neither by my advise shall you train them up to Warres : For hee that sets up his rest to live by that profession , in mine opinion , can hardly be an honest man , or a good Christian ; for , Every warre of it selfe is unjust , the good cause may make it lawfull : besides it is a Science no longer in request then use : for Souldiers in Peace , are like Chimneyes in Summer , like Dogges past Hunting , or Women , when their beauty is done . As a person of qualitie once noted to the like effect , in these Verses following . Friends , Souldiers , Women in their prime , Are like to Dogges in Hunting time : Occasion , Warres , and Beauty gone , Friends , Souldiers , Women here are none . PRECEPT 3. For House-hold Provision , and of the choice of Servants . LIve not in the Countrey without Corne and Cattell about you : For hee that must present his hand to his purse for every expence of houshold , shall as hardly keepe money therein , as it is for one to hold water in a Sive . And for your provision , lay to buy it at the best hand , for there may be sometimes a penny saved , betweene buying at your need , or when the season most fitly may furnish you . Be not willingly attended , or served by Kinsmen or Friends , which will seeme to be men , as it were intreated to stay : for such will expect much , and sted little , neither by such as are amorous : For their heads are commonly intoxicated . Keepe rather too few , then one too many , feed them well , and pay them with the most , so may you lawfully demand Service at their hands , and boldly exact it . PRECEPT 4. How to intreat your Kindred and Allyes . LEt your Kindred and Allyes bee welcome to your Table : grace them with your countenance , and ever further them in all their honest actions , by word , liberality , or industry : for by that meanes you shall double the bond of Nature : be a Neighbour to their good , as well as to their bloud : By which reasonable deservings , you shall finde them so many Advocates , to plead an Apologie for you behind your backe , so many witnesses of your vertues , whensoever others shall seeke to deprave you : but shake off the Glo-wormes , I meane , Parasites and Sycophants , who will feed and fawne on you , in the Summer of your prosperity , bnt in any adverse Storme , will shelter you no more , then a Cloake of Taffatay , or an Arbour in Winter . PRECEPT 5. Adviseth to keepe some great Man to your Friend , and how to complement him . BE sure you keepe some great Man alwayes to your Friend : yet trouble him not for Trifles : Complement him often , present him with many , yet small gifts , and of little charge . And if you have cause to bestow any great gratuity on him , then let it be no Chest commoditie , or obscure thing : but such a one as may be daily in sight , the better to bee remembred : for otherwise you shall live but like a Hop without a Pole , or a Vine without her Elme , subject to injury and oppression , ready to be made a Foot-ball , for every superiour insulting companion to spurn at . PRECEPT 6. How and when to undertake suits . VNdertake no suit against a poore man , without receiving of great wrong , for therein you make him your Competitor : besides that , it is held a base Conquest , to triumph upon a weake adversary ; neither undertake law , against any man , before you be fully resolved you have the right on your side , which being once so ascertaind , then spare neither cost nor paines to accomplish it : for a cause or two being so close followed , and well accomplished , may after free you from suits a great part of your life . PRECEPT 7. Advertiseth for suretiship . BEware of suretiship for your best friend : for he that payeth another mans debts , goeth the way to leave other men to pay his , and seeketh his owne overthrow . Therfore if he be such a one , that you cannot well say nay , chuse rather then , to lend that money from your selfe upon good bonds , though you borrow it : so many you pleasure your friend , and happily secure your selfe . In borrowing of money , be evermore precious of your word : for he that hath a care to keepe day of payment , is Lord commander many times of another mans purse . PRECEPT 8. How to carry a mans selfe toward his Superiours , and Inferiours . TOward your Superiours be humble , yet generous ; with your equals familiar , yet respective ; towards your inferiours , shew much humility , with some familiarity , as to bow your body , stretch forth your hand , uncover your head , and such like popular complements : the first prepares way to advancement : the second will make you knowne for a man well bred : the third gaines a good report , which once gained , may easily be kept ; for high humilities are of such respect in the opinion of the multitude , as they are easilier won by unprofitable curtesies , than by churlish benefits : yet doe I not advise you , overmuch to affect or neglect popularity . PRECEPT 9. How farre to disclose a mans secrets . TRust no man with your credit , or estate : for it is a meere folly for a man to inthrall himselfe further to his friend , than that he needs not feare him being his enemy . PRECEPT 10. BE not scurrilous in conversation , nor Stoicall in your wit ; for the one makes you unwelcome to all companies , as the other puls quarrels on your head , and makes you hated of your best friends . Iests , when they doe savour of too much truth , leave a bitternesse in the mindes of those that are touched . And although I have already pointed at these inclusive ; yet I thinke it necessary to leave it to you as a caution , because I have seen many so prone to quippe and gird , as they had rather lose their friend than their jest : and if by chance their boyling braine yeeld a quaint scoffe , they will travell to be delivered of it , as a woman with childe : but I thinke those nimble apprehensions , are but the froth of the wits . An Addition of some short Precepts and sentences , not impertinent to the former . GOE as thou wouldst be met , sit as thou wouldest be found , weare thy apparrell in a carelesse , yet a decent seeming : for affectednesse in any thing , is commendable in nothing ; and indeavour to be so farre from vaine-glory , that thou strive in any thing rather to be in substance without shew , then in shew without substance . 2 Strive not to inrich thy self by Oppression , Usury , or other unlawfull gaine : for , if a little evill gotten , shall not onely melt away it selfe like deaw against the Sunne , but shall likewise consume with it selfe that which was more lawfull : how then shall it hast without stay , when all the whole lumpe is corrupted ? Surely , ( if experience faile not ) with a swifter speed , than either by the prodigall hands of a third or second Heire ; and for such a one that ungodly dies rich , well hee may have mournens to his Grave ; but shall be sure to finde few Comforters at his judgement . 3 Be industrious and studious in thy youth , knowing , that if by thy Labour thou accomplish any thing that is good , the labour passeth , but the good remaineth to thy comfort , as if by the contrary for thy pleasure , thou shalt doe any thing that is evill , the pleasure passeth , but the evill remaineth to thy torment : and withall , because it is a lesse paine to be studious in thy youth , than a griefe to be ignorant in thy age . Corrupt company is more infectious than corrupt ayre : therefore be advised in thy choise : for that Text of thy selfe that could never so be expounded , thy companion shall as thy commentarie lay open to the world , and withall , because we see it by experience . That if those that are neither good nor evill , accompany with those that are good , they are transformed into their vertue . If those that are neither good , nor evill , consort with those that are evill , they are incorporated to their vice . If the good company with the good , both are made the better , if the evill with the evil , both the worse . For according to the Proverbe , Such as the company , such is the condition . 4 Whatsoever good purpose thou intendest at thy death , that doe in thy life : for so doing , it shall be more acceptable to God , and commendable to man : for he that gives when he cannot hold , is worthy of thankes when one cannot chuse : besides , in so doing , thou shalt see thy intent brought home to thy aime , and nere craze the Conscience of Executor or Over-seer to pervert it thou deceased , to some sinister respect or private end . Whatsoever thou shalt purpose , be silent in thy intentions , lest by the contrary thou be prevented and laughed to scorne . 6 Strive to subdue the affections of thine owne heart , which are oftentimes harder than to conquer a Kingdome : and forbeare whatsoever is deare unto thy body , being any way prejudiciall unto thy soule . 7 Abuse not thy body in youth by surfet , riot , or any other distemper , through an over-weening ability of strength : for youth and nature passe over many infirmities that are growing till their age . 8 Live vertuously , that thou maiest dye patiently , for , who lives most honestly , will dye most willingly : and for thy longer daies , and better health upon earth , afflict not thy body with too much unnecessary Physick ; but furnish thy minde in time of plenty , to lay up for it selfe and others in time of want : for surely that mans end shall be easie and happy , that death findes with a weake body , but a strong soule . 6 Nor be thou dismayed though thou groane under the hand of sicknesse , for as sometimes it purgeth the body from nocent humours : so doth it often times the soule from more dangerous security : and the rather with this thought , that by the Physitians owne rule , and our too common experience , there is no perfect health in this world , but a neutrality between sicknesse and health , as no absolute pleasure is more , than to avoid paines , according as one thus writeth to the same purpose . There is no health , Physitians say , that we at best enjoy , but a Neutrality : And can there be worse sicknesse than to know , That we are never well , nor can be so ? 10 The eyes are the instruments of lust : therefore make a Covenant with them , that they betray not thy heart to vanitie . 11 Be ever diligent in some vocation : for continuall ease , as it is more dangerous , is more wearisome than labour , and it is no freedome to live licentiously , nor pleasure to live without some paine . 12 Indifferent superiority is the safest equality , as the sobrest speed is the wisest leisure . 13 He is worthy to fall that tempts himselfe : and therefore shunne occasion of Evill , and thou hast halfe overcome thine enemy . 14 Labour to keepe a good Conscience to thy Comforter : for he that is disfurnished therof , hath feare for his Bed-fellow , Care for his Companion , and the sting of the guilt for his torment . 15 In all thy attempts let Honesty be thy ayme : For he that climbes by privy deceit , shall fall with open reproach : and forget not in thy youth to be mindefull of thy end : For though the old man cannot live long , yet the Young-man may dye quickly . 16 The waste of Time is a deare expence , and he that seekes for meanes to passe it unprofitably , spurres a forward Horse without reason , to the overthrow of his Rider : for whosoever wasteth many years , and purchaseth little knowledge , may be said to have had a long time , but a short life . And whatsoever thou doest , doe it wisely , and forecast the end : For who thinkes before he doe , thrives before he thinke . 17 Use such affability and convenient complement , as common Civilitie , and usuall curtesie requireth , without making thy selfe too deare to thy Friend , or thy Friend too cheap to thee . 18 Be stedfast in thy promise , and constant in a good resolution , and if at any time thou hast ingaged thy Word , perform it , ( being lawfull ) though to thy losse : So shall thy Promise be as forcible as anothers Bond , thy Word as another Oath : For it is the Man that gives credit to his Oath , more than the Oath to the Man. 19 Aske confidently that thou requirest : For he that asketh doubtingly , teacheth the way to be denyed . 20 Make not Law thy practise to injurie , or instrument to uphold thy spleene against any man without due occasion , lest in the end it prove to thee no greater refuge , than did the Thicket of brambles to the flocke of Sheepe , that driven from the plaine by Tempest ranne thither for shelter , an● there lost their Fleeces . 21 Though I thinke no day amisse to undertake any good enterprise , or businesse in hand ; yet have I observed some , and no meane Clerks , very Cautionarie , to forbeare these three Mundayes in the yeare , which I leave to thine owne consideration , either to use or refuse , viz. 1 The first Munday in April , which day Caine was born , and his brother Abel slaine . 2 The second Munday in August , which day Sodome and Gomorrah were destroyed . 3 Last Munday in December , which day Iudas was born , that betrayed our Saviour Christ . An Addition of some fourefold short remembrances which every man may experience daily , in his Life Time. VSe foure things so much as you can , So shall you please both God and Man. Praying , Reading , and Hearing , and in good works labouring . Vse foure things as little as you can , So shall you please both God and man. Eating , Drinking , Sleeping , and to spend much time in trifling . There be foure causes ▪ for the which a Man is borne into the world : and the first is chiefest of all . To serve God and his Countrey , his Parents & his Friends . There be foure vertues , which we must strive to attain . That is , to be Iust and Constant , Wise and Temperate . There be foure vices which a man must earnestly shun and avoid . Sloathfulnesse and carelesnesse , vaine curiosity , and nicenesse . There be foure things in this world earnestly desired , and never obtained . Mirth , without mourning . Health without Sicknesse . Travell without wearisomnesse , and all goodnesse without evill . There be foure things to be greatly desired , and earnestly followed . In Behaviour , sobernesse , in Promise , steadfastnesse , in Conversation , meekenesse , and in Love , contentednesse . There be foure things most needfull , and the same most harmefull . Wit , and Words , Drinke , and Company . There be foure things much worth , and little weighed , Time , and Health , Truth , and Quiet . There be three things Saint Austine was sorry he lived not to see . First , Rome in her flourishing Estate . Secondly , to see Christ in the Flesh . Thirdly , to heare Saint Paul preach . Plato gave thankes to Nature for foure things , and what were they ? 1 That he was a Man , and not a Beast . 2 That he was a Man , and not a Woman . 3 That he was a Grecian , and not a Barbarian . 4 That he lived during the Time of Socrates . There be foure things of the most , most desired , and unto many most dangerous . Authority and ease , Women , and delights . There be foure things greatly sought , dangerously gotten , fearefully enjoyed , and justly repented . Unlawfull Lust and Lucre , immoderate Wealth , and Revenge . There are foure kinde of people ( according to David , ) that are most indebted unto God for their lives . 1 Those that have escaped from a Dearth . 2 Prisoners their Bonds . 3 Those which are preserved from a mortall Sicknesse . 4 Sea-faring Men , that are neither among the living nor the dead . There be foure thoughts , by the which a man may best reclaime his carelesse and dissolute life . 1 By thinking , that if one must give account of every idle Word , what exaction shall be required for his idle deeds ? 2 That if those shall be condemned who have done no good , what shall become of those who have done nothing but evill ? 3 That if those shall not be held guiltlesse , that have not given their owne goods , where shall they appeare , that have wrongfully taken others ? 4 ▪ That if Ignorance without zeale , shall not be pardoned , where shall knowledge with neglect be condemned ? There be five thoughts which should ever be in the minde of every good Christian . First , to thinke of pleasure , to despise it . Secondly , of Death to expect it . Thirdly , of judgement , to escape it . Fourthly , of Hell , to prevent it . Fiftly , of Heaven , to desire it . There be foure things very easie to doe oft , but very hard to doe well . To desire , to command , to counsell , and to judge . There be foure things better to give than to take . Pardon , Physicke , Allowance , and Rewards . There be soure as great evils in the world unpunished , as those that are punished . First , Untemperatenesse : secondly , Unshamefastnesse : thirdly , Unfaithfulnes : fourthly , Unthankfulnesse . There be foure things we cannot but set by , and yet can hardly be sure of . Health , Wealth , anothers love , and our owne life . There be foure things the poor man hath equall with the Prince . Health , Sleep , Thought , and lasting life . There be foure things we may be grieved with , but should not grudge at . The Ordinance of God , the Will of a Prince , the sentence of a Iudge , the finding of our faults . There be foure things which cannot well be demanded with reason , and therefore may be denied with honesty . A Masters message , a Lovers affection , a Friends Counsell , our owne thoughts . There be foure things good to use , but nought to need . Law , Physicke , our friends purse , and our owne patience . There be foure servants of the heart , that shew the disposition of their Master . The Eye , the Tongue , the Foot , and the Hand . There be foure things best matched , but not oftnest married . Gratiousnesse with Greatnesse , Discretion with Learning , Beautie with Chastity , Wit with Vertue . There be foure sorts of people , that feare is never long from . The Ambitious , the Vicious , the Covetous and the Iealous . There be foure things the more you take , the more you leave . Light of a Candle , Instruction of the Learned , Wit of the Wise , and Love of a Friend . There be foure things , fit for all those that desire a quiet life . Busily to finde no faults , Contentiously to lay no Wagers , Disdainfully to make no comparisons , Wickedly to maintaine no opinions . There bee foure mothers bring forth foure very bad daughters . Truth , Hatred ; Prosperity , Pride ; Security , Perill ; Familiarity , Contempt . There be foure Ioyes to be desired , and the last is above all . Secure quietnesse ; Quiet Ioyfulnesse ; Ioyfull blessednesse , and blessed everlastingnesse . A Conference betweene a Philosopher , and a Iustice . Philosopher . VVHat Goddesse art thou ? Iust . Iustice . Philo. Why lookest thou with so sterne a Countenance ? Iustice . Because I know not how to be bowed with words , or moved with teares . Phil. From whence descended ? Iustice . From Heaven . Philosopher . What are thy Parents ? Iustice . Faith and good Conscience . Philos . Why hast thou one eare open , and another shut ? Iustice . The one lies open to Truth , and the other is shut to her Enemy . Philosopher . Why bearest thou a Sword in one hand , and a payre of ballances in the other ? Iustice . With the one I mete out right , and with the other I punish her opposers . Philos . Why walkest thou alone ? Iustice . Because good Company is scarce . Philos . Why art thou in so poore a habit ? Iust . Because he that covets to get much riches , can never be just . Upon whose Conference one inserted these Verses . In old time Iustice was portrayed blinde . To signifie her strict impartiall Doome : And in her hand she held a Scale , to finde By weight , which part did most remove the loome . She is blinde and deafe , yet feeles apace . Her Scale now weighes the Fees , and not the Case . A handfull of short questions , with their Resolutions . Question . VVHy are Citizens commonly of lesse stature than other men ? Ans . Because they live most in the shade . Q. Whether the Egge or bird was first ? A. The Bird , for the first course of creatures were immediately from God without secondary causes . Q. What waters of all others ascend highest ? A. The teares of the faithfull , which God gathers into his bottle . Q. Of all fishes in the Sea which doe our Naturalists observe the swiftest ? A. The Dolphin , which swimmes faster than either Bird or arrow flies ; which Fish is most dangerous to Marriners . Q. What breakes the shell at the comming out of the Chicken ? A. By the ordinary time of sitting upon , the shell becommeth very tender and brittle , so that the least stirring effecteth it : but the principall reason is , the defect of nourishment , which at the end of that time is wasted in the shell , which the Chicken missing , exposeth her selfe to finde , and so breaketh it . As likewise the defect of Nutriment is the naturall cause of all other births . Q. Christ bids us be wise as Serpents , wherein consists their Wisedome ? Answ . 1. That in the Spring , she casts off her old skinne , to invest her in a new . 2 That she will defend her head above all things . 3 That carrying Poyson in her mouth , she ever puts it out before she drinke . 4 That she stoppes her eares at the voyce of the Charmer . Q. What is that that is too hard for one to keepe : enough for two , and too much for three ? Answ . Secret. Qu. To whom may a man best commit his secret ? Answ . To a common Lyar , for he , though he disclose it , shall not be beleeved . Quest . What were the Names of those two Theeves that were crucified with Christ ? Ans . The Scripture nominates them not : Yet some Writers give them these names : Dismas and Gesmas ; Dismas , the happy : and Gesmas the infortunate : and according to the Poet : Gesmas damnatur , Dismas ad Astra levatur . Qu. How may a man drinke much wine , and strong drinkes , and not be drunke ? An. By eating before some bitter Almonds , whose nature is to suppresse the strength thereof downewards . Q. Aristotle being demanded , what was the fruit to himselfe of al his study and Philosophie ? Ans . Answered , to doe those things out of a naturall willingnesse , that others doe by compulsion . Q. Why cannot the heart of a man be filled , although he should enioy the whole World ? Ans . Because the whole Globe of the World is round , and Mans heart a Triangle receptacle for the Trinitie : For as one saith : Cor Camera Omnipotentis Regis . Qu. By what meanes may a man best withdraw his affection where he loves , in spight of his hate , and cannot chuse ? Ans . By striving to divide it with some other at the same time : for he that loves over-many , never loves over-much . Qu. By what meanes may the coales of Beauty be best quenched , that they burne not to unlawfull desire ? Answ . By this highest contemplation , that if the picture be so amiable , needs must the patterne be most admirable : and if the lesser so please , how would the greater Content ; which unlawfull pursuit of the one here , may justly exclude from the other hereafter . Q. Why is Homo , a common name for all Men ? An. Because it is a Synonyma to Humus , the earth : the common matter all men are made of . Q. Whence is the derivation of Cadaver , a dead carkasse ? Ans . Of Caro data vermibus . Qu. What three Letters are those that make us both Bondmen and Free ? Ans . They are EVA , which inverted , are Ave , the Angels Salutation . Qu. What two Letters are those that your Infants first cry out upon ? An. They are E. and A. according to our note . Clamabunt E. A. quotquot nascuntur ab Eva. Qu. Whether the current or the stay of Farthing Tokens have beene more beneficiall or prejudiciall to the poore ? An. This question shall be answered by the blinde beggar of Saint Giles in the next Edition . Q. What strumpet of all other is the most common prostitute in the World ? Ans . Lingua , that common-whore : for she lies with all men . Qu. What Lady is that that may be kist , and handled , but not clipt ? Ans . Lady Pecunia , by whose favour all these may be yours . The genealogy , off-spring , progeny , and kindred , the houshold , the family , the servants and retinue of Pride , cum tota sequela sua , with all her trayne and followers . 1 SElfe-love , selfe-liking , self-pleasing , self-will , singularity . 2 Covetousnesse , unlawfull desire , Concupiscence , inordinate lust , barbarous unlawfull getting . 3 Ambition , climbing aspiring affectation . 4 Hatred , malice , envy , disdaine , haughtinesse , contempt , scornefulnesse , scoffing , unkindenesse . 5 In wrath , fury , madnesse , outrage , hastinesse , fretfulnesse , eagernesse , wildenesse . 6 Frowardnesse , wilfulnesse , waywardnesse , elvishnesse , impatience unrulinesse , untowardnesse , disobedience . 7 Statelinesse , lordlinesse , loftinesse , high lookes , surlinesse , sternesse , vengeance , revenge . 8 Cruelty , tyranny , domination , usurpation , oppression , wrong , injustice , iniquity , rashnesse . 9 Profanenesse , irreligion , atheisme , contempt of God , foolishnesse , disobedience . 10 Errour , heresie , superstition , schisme , sects , pharisaisme , puritanisme , idolatry . 11 Contention , discord , division , brawling , scolding , rayling . FINIS . A GLASSE Wherein those enormities and foule abuses may most evidently be seen , which are the destruction and overthrow of every Christian Common-wealth . Likewise the onely means how to prevent such dangers : by imitating the wholesome advertisements contained in this Booke . Which sometimes was the Iewell and delight of the right honourable Lord , and Father to his Country , FRANCIS , Earle of Bedford , deceased . LONDON , Printed for THOMAS IONES , 1636. The Contents of this Book sheweth those Abuses which are the destruction of every Christian Common-wealth . 1 A Wise man without workes . 2 An old man without devotion . 3 A young man without obedience . 4 A rich man without charity . 5 A woman without shamefastnesse . 6 A Master or Ruler without vertue . 7 A Christian man full of contention 8 A poore man proud . 9 A wicked and an unjust King. 10 A negligent Bishop . 11 A people without discipline . 12 A people without law . A Glasse wherein those blemishes and abuses may be perfectly seene , which are the destruction and overthrow of every Christian Common-wealth . The first abuse . Chap. 1. A wise man without works . AMong those severall maimes and blemishes in any estate whatsoever , the first that presenteth it selfe , is a wise man or a Preacher without good workes : that is to say , such a one as doth not worke according to his teaching , and to the wisedome which he delivereth with his owne tongue . For the hearers doe despise the good and wholesome doctrine , if they perceive that the works of the Preacher do differ from his teaching . And the authority of the Preacher shall never be good , except ( by example of good life ) he fasten it in the heart of the hearer : especially when the Preacher himselfe is fallen into the love of sin , and will not apply the wholsome salves of other Preachers to his owne wounds . The Lord therfore willing to instruct his Disciples both in doctrine and good works , taught them how they should take heed thereunto , saying . If the salt be unsavory , wherein shall it be made savory ? that is to say , if the Preacher be out of the way , and doe not as he ought to doe , what Preacher shall bring him in againe ? And if the light that is within thee is become darkenesse , how great then shall the darkenesse be it selfe ? If the eye have lost the use and office of sight : what man can require that same service of the hand or foot , or any other member of the body ? Therefore let Preachers take heed , that they incur not a sharper vengeance , if they be the greater occasion to many that they doe perish . For Salomon himselfe , while he did transgresse , and worke contrary to his great wisedome : was the cause , that by his salt onely , the kingdome of all the people of Israell was divided . Wherefore those persons to whom many things are committed , have the greater los●e if they bestow not that well , which they have received of their head and Governour : and therefore he that hath the greater charge , shall make the greater answer and reckoning . For the servant which knoweth the will of his Master and doth it not , shall suffer sharp scourges and bitter punishments . The second abuse . Chap. 2. An old man without devotion and godly feare . THe second stain and shamefull abuse , is an old man that hath no holinesse in him : but when the members and parts of his body be old and feeble , the lims of his minde , that is to say , of the inward man , are nothing the stronger . It is decent and comely , that old men should give themselves to more perfect holinesse and devotion , than other men , whom the flourishing time of this world hath not as yet forsaken . The example may be gathered in wood , that even as the Tree is accounted naught and evill , which after it hath blossomed , bringeth forth no good fruit : so among men , he is a wicked and evill person , who when the flower of his youth is past , doth not in the old time of his body , bring forth ripe workes of good fruits . For what thing can be more ridiculous , than a mans minde not to endeavour to attaine strength and perfection , when all the parts of his body ( by age ) are come to defection and end ? When his eyes waxe dimme , his eares hard of hearing , his head bald , his cheeks withered through lacke of bloud : when he beginneth to want his teeth , to have his breath strong and earthly , his breast stuffed with phlegme , evermore troubled with the cough : and finally , when his legges doe faile under him as he goeth , by age , and swelling with diseases : the inward man that feeleth no age , being also pained with the selfe same diseases . And all these sicknesses and infirmities rehearsed , are signes and tokens before , that the house of this body shall shortly decay . What have we to doe then , while the end of this life draweth so fast on ? but that such as are old , should desire to covet nothing else , than how they might soonest obtaine the felicity of the life to come . For to young men , the end of their life is alway at hand and uncertaine , but unto old men it is more ripe and naturall , as also agreeable to their age . Wherefore a man must take heed of two things , which never doe waxe old in his flesh , and doe draw the whole man unto sinne : that is to say , the heart and the tongue . For the hart is alway imagining of new thoughts , and the tongue is evermore swift in speaking whatsoever the heart doth imagine or thinke . Let old men therfore beware , that these young members doe not bring the whole harmony of their bodies out of tune : causing the other parts of the body ( which doe shew gravity ) to be laughed to scorne . For every man ought to take heed , what becōmeth the age which he beareth , that he may doe those things which shall cause , that neither his life , age nor behaviour may be touched with despising . The third abuse ▪ Chap. 3. A young man without obedience . HEre must we intreat on the third eye-sore : namely , if a young man be found without obedience , whereby the world is brought out of good order . For how doth he thinke to be reverenced when he commeth to age , that in his youth will shew no obedience or reverence to them which are old ? And therefore it is a common saying among old men , that he can never play the Master well , who hath not one way or other declared himselfe serviceable and obedient to some other before . For the which cause , our Lord Iesus Christ , in the time of his being upon the earth in his flesh , till the lawfull time and age of a teacher , that hee should teach : did serve and minister obediently to his Parents . Likewise then , as gravity , sadnesse and perfect godly manners , are looked for and beheld in old men , so to young men belongeth ( of right ) humble service , subjection and obedience . Wherefore in those precepts and commandements of the Law , which appertaine to the love of our neighbour , the first is the honour of Father and Mother , being commanded unto us : that although the carnall father be not alive , or is unworthy , yet you must to some other which is alive , shew obedience and give honour , till such time thou commest to an age , worthy to be honoured thy selfe . For this word Father is taken foure manner of waies in the Scripture , that is to say , by nature : by the nation or people : for counsell : and for age . Of the naturall father , Iacob speaketh to Laban , saying . If the feare of my father Isaack had not beene here , thou wouldest have taken all that I have . Of the father of the people , it is said , when the Lord spake to Moses out of the bush . I am the God of thy Fathers , the God of Abraham , the God of Isaack , the God of Iacob . Of the father for age and counsell , it is likewise written . Aske the Father , and he shall tell thee ; and the Elders , and they shall shew unto thee . Wherefore , if thy naturall Father be dead , and so not worthy to be obeyed , if any other old man doe give thee good counsell , thou must shew the obedience of a young man unto him . For how shall hee be honoured in his old age , which refused to follow the good lessons of obedience , when he was a young man himselfe ? Whatsoever a man doth labour , that shall he reape and gather . In like manner , all discipline ( at the first ) seemeth to be unpleasant and painefull : but afterward it shall give to them that have exercised themselves therein , the most pleasant and quiet fruit of right and justice . For like as there is no fruit found on that Tree , which first did beare no blossoms : so in age , that man shall never have the due honour to age , who in his youth hath not first beene exercised with some discipline . And which way can discipline be without obedience ? It followeth then , that a young man without obedience , is a young man without discipline : for obedience is the mother of all discipline . It requireth great exercise : example and rule whereof , it hath taken by our Lord Iesu Christ , who being obedient unto his father , yea to the death , and that to the death of the crosse , tooke upon him gladly ignominy and rebuke . The fourth abuse . Chap. 4 A rich man without charity . NExt ensueth the fourth argument of evill , which is a rich man destitute of almes deeds or charity : such a one as doth hide and lay up till the time to come , more than is sufficient for him , distributing nothing to the poore and needy , and so while he useth so great diligence , in keeping the goods gathered on the earth , he loseth the treasure which is everlasting of the heavenly Country . Whereto our Lord Iesus called the rich young man , who demanded of him the way to perfection , saying to him . If thou wilt be perfect , goe and sell all that thou hast , and give it to the poore , and come and follow me , and thou shalt haue treasure in heaven . Which no man ever can have , except he comfort the poore . Let not him therefore sleepe upon his riches , which may do good unto the poore , for although a rich man have gathered together great store of goods , yet can he not enjoy them all alone , in respect the nature of man is sustained with few and small things . Then what greater folly can there be in the world , then for the excessive feeding and cloathing of one man , to lose all the pleasures of the kingdome of heaven , and so to purchase the everlasting paines of hell , without hope of any comfort or helpe ? That thing therefore which of necessity thou must once forsake , in hope to be rewarded againe everlastingly , doe thou distribute willingly and cheerfully . For all things which we behold with our eyes , are temporall , but those which we see not , are eternall and everlasting . For so long as we are temporall , things of like quality doe us service , but when we depart from this earthy abode , everlasting joy shall attend upon us , and felicity without limit or ending . What reason have we to love those things which we cannot alway have with us ? when we evidently behold , that the lands and substance of a rich man , doe declare him to be without wit and judgement , because he loveth those things with the desire of his whole heart , which never doe render him loue againe . For if a man love gold , silver , lands , dainty fare , fine meats , and bruit beasts , the naturall course of things doe teach us , that none of these can yeeld him love againe . What thing is then further from all reason , than to love that which cannot love thee again , and to neglect that , which giveth to thee all things with love ? For that cause , God commanded us to love , not the world , but our neighbour , sith that he can render love againe for love : which thing worldly goods cannot doe , it is well knowne . Even so God commandeth us to love our enemy , that the same love may make him of our enemy , our friend . Let every covetous rich man therefore , who would have everlasting riches , distribute ( while he is here ) to the poore and needy , those riches which are but temporall , and doe not continue for ever . For if a man will not sell that thing which he loveth , how can another man buy that thing which he coveteth ? and therefore the covetous men are called cursed of the most righteous Iudge , because they which past by them , did not say unto them : The blessing of God be upon you , and wee doe blesse you in the name of God. Therefore the covetous men are cursed and unhappy : who for transitory goods doe goe to everlasting damnation . But on the other side : Blessed are the pittifull , for they shall finde mercy and pitty . Happy is that man that is mercifull , for so much as God ( in this vertue ) doth not looke upon the substance and riches : but upon the affection and heart of man. The fift abuse . Chap. 5. A woman without shamefastnesse . PRoceeding to the fift notorious kinde of abuse , I finde it to be a Woman without modesty or shamefastnesse . For even as wisedome doth both get and keepe good manners in men , so in Women , shamefastnesse doth bring forth , nourish and keepe , all honest and good works . Shamefastnesse keepeth them chaste and pure , it plucketh in warie respect of life , it refraineth from strife and debate , it asswageth anger , it quencheth the desire of the flesh , it doth moderate the desire of the minde , it chastneth wantonnesse , it banisheth drunkennesse , it maketh few words , it bridleth the greedy desire of the gut , and utterly condemneth theft , what more ? It brideleth and tameth all vice , it nourisheth all vertues , and whatsoever is before God and man acceptable . A life which is unchast , is neither praised of men in this world , nor rewarded of God in the world to come . But the contrary , which is a chaste life , is well spoken of among men , and rejoyceth also in the hope of the blisse to come . It doth winne the love of men which are living and doe perceive it , and to them which come after , it leaueth a goodly example of imitation , being a pleasant and a godly memory . It delighteth alway in good manners , and agreeth unto them , evermore refreshing the soule with continuall reading and meditation of the holy Scriptures . And besides this , it keepeth the examples of good which are gone , being alway acquainted and joyned in company with them that are perfect and honest . The exercise of shamefastnesse , consisteth in two things , that is to say , in the outward behaviour of the body , and the inward affection of the minde . In the body , by giving good examples before men , as the holy Apostle saith : and in the minde , before God we do provide and beginne good works . For the shamefastnesse and chastity of the body is , not to covet other mens goods , and to flie all uncleannesse : not to eate and drinke but in time : not to be a gigler and a provoker of other men to laughter : no speaker and teller of false and vaine tales : to be soberly apparrelled , all things being set in comely order , according to godlinesse in all parts of the body , as well in the haire on the head , as in the rayment . Not to company with the ungodly , neither to looke proudly or disdainfully upon any man , nor yet wantonly to cast up the eyes , to the evill provocation of other : not to goe nicely and tripping in the streete , having a pace like as it were a game or a play , to be seene , and to tempt other therewith . To be also inferiour unto no man in good workes , to be occasion to no man of reproch or shame , to blaspheme or slander no man : to hate none that is good , nor to scorne such as are old , not to meddle with those things which thou knowest not , nor to contend or strive with thy better : and finally , not to blab abroad all things that thou knowest . These things do make a man loved of his neighbour , and acceptable in the sight of God. The shamefastnesse and chastity of the soule , is to do those things which thou dost , more for the sight of God , than to be seene of men : to stay the desire of evill thoughts : to esteeme every man better than thy selfe : not to infect thy judgement with false doctrine : to agree with them that are of the Catholique and universal faith : to cleave onely to God : to presume nothing of thy selfe , but to commit all thy doings to the helpe of God : to be alwaies humble in his sight : to offer to our Lord Iesus Christ , the chastity of thy inward minde : never to make an end , or to cease from good workes during thy life : and with a strong heart to despise the present tribulations of thy minde : of things worldly , to love nothing but thy neighbour : to set and lay up the treasure of all thy love in heaven : and finally , to be assured , that for thy well doing , thou shalt not lose the reward in heaven . Shamefastnesse is a goodly ornament of noble persons . It exalteth those which be humble , making them noble . It is the beauty of them that are feeble and weake : the prosperity of them which be sicke , the comfort of them that are in heavinesse , the increase of all beauty : the flowre of Religion : the defence and buckler against sinne : a multiplier of good deeds : and to be short , it is the onely paramour and darling of God the creator of all . The sixt abuse . Chap. 6. A Master or a Ruler without vertue . IN this place followeth the sixt abuse : namely , a Lord or Master that is without vertue . For it profiteth nothing to have power and authority , or to rule , if the Master have not in himselfe , the direct and orderly sway of vertue . But this vertue consisteth not so much in the externe and outward strength of the body , which is very requisite and necessary for such as are worldly Rulers , as it is to be exercised in the inward strength , in good and vertuous manners . For often times a man doth lose the might and power to rule , through the negligence of the inward part : as it appeared by Eli the Priest , who while he punished not his children with the rigorous and strait rod of justice , when they did sinne : God , ( as one that would be revenged for their wickednesse upon him ) sharpely punished him , as one that consented to their naughtinesse . Therefore it is necessary , that Rulers have these three things in them , that is to say : terror to be feared , good governance , and love . For except the Governour be feared and loved , his ordinance and rule cannot stand . Therfore through his goodnesse and honest familiar conditions , let him procure to get the love of them which are under him , and also by just and discreet punishment . Not that he would or should appear to revenge his owne quarrell or injurie : but that the transgression or breaking of the Law of God , might be punished , and so to be had in feare . Wherefore , while many persons doe depend and hang upon him , he himselfe must altogether depend and hang upon God , and cleave onely to him : who hath set him in that rule : who hath established him , and made him to be a stronger man , whereby to beare the burdens of many . For except a beame be laid fast and sure , upon a stronger thing which is able to beare it , all that is laid upon it shall fall downe : yea and it selfe also , through the very bignesse and weight of it selfe , shall fall to the ground with the burden thereof . So a Prince or Ruler , except he sticke fast to his maker , both he himselfe , and all that is with him doth quickly perish . There be some , who after they be set in authority , doe become better men , and doe cleave more neere to God , than they did before : and some are contrariwise thereby made the worse . For Moses after he was made Governour of the people , he had communication with God more familiarly than he had before . But Saul the sonne of Cis , after he was King , through his pride and disobedience , highly sinned and offended against God. King Salomon , after he sate in the seate of his Lord and father King David , God increased and made him rich with the gift of wisedome , to governe over innumerable people . And contrariwise , after that Ieroboam the servant of Salomon , had usurped part of the kingdome of the house of David , he turned tenne Tribes of the people of Israell , which were in the part of Samaria , from the true and right worship of God , to the wicked and divellish worshiping of Idols . By which examples , it is apparant and manifest , that some men when they doe come to dignity , doe grow more perfect and better : and some againe , through pride of their advancement and rising up , doe fall and waxe worse . By both the which is to be understood , that they which increase in goodnesse , doe it by the vertue and godly disposition of the minde , even by the onely help of God : and the other , that they doe fall by the weakenesse of the minde , through the negligence and small regard they have to vertue , which no man can have without the helpe of God. The man that hath many things under him , whereof he hath charge , and hath not the strength and vertue of the minde , is no way able to fulfill or performe what he should doe . For many things do bring with them many troubles and vexations . Therefore let every man that is a Ruler , procure first with all industry of his minde , that in all things he may be sure of the helpe of God. For if in his doings he have the Lord and governour of all Lords and Governours to his helper , no man can set light or despise his ordinance and rule , because there is no power but of God. He lifteth up the poore and needy out of the very dunghill , and maketh him to sit with the Princes of his people . Likewise he casteth downe the mighty from their seate , exalting them which are meeke and lowly : that all the world might be obedient unto God , & his glory only exalted . The seventh abuse . Chap. 7. A Christian man full of brawling and contention . A Most irkesome and pernicious thing is this seventh abuse , which now we have in hand : to wit , a Christian man full of contention , who by faith and baptisme , being a partaker and a bearer of the name of Christ , doth ( against the sayings and minde of Christ ) delight in pleasures of the world , which are transitory , and doe daily fall away . Because all manner of things for which a man doth strive , doe cause the same strife , either for the love that is borne to them , being a covetous desire for himselfe , or for the love of some other thing , which lyeth hid under an odious and hatefull matter . As for example , warre , although it be odious and an hatefull thing , yet is it holden and maintained on both sides with a bold and fierce courage , for the love and desire which men have to winne the victory , and for the purchasing of liberty . In like manner , many other things are desired and sought after , with contention , who may have them first before another : by no lesse hatefull and painefull labour , yea and feare , than the other which are got by most detestable warre . And therefore a man may perceive , there is no contention but for that which is loved , that is to say , for a loving and a friendly reward , which followeth to their minde after it is ended . Whosoever therefore striveth for any manner of thing of this world , sheweth evidently and plainely , that he loveth this world . How then doth the holy Ghost by the mouth of Saint Iohn , forbid that this world should be loved ? to whom he saith , Love not the world , nor the things that be in the world . For the love of God , and the love of the word , cannot dwell together in one heart : even as the eyes of a man cannot behold the heaven above ; and the earth beneath , both at once with one looke . But let us search and see , whether there be in the world , any thing indeed that is to be loved , and what is the world which the speech of God forbiddeth us to love . We are not commanded to love the earth , nor the things which come out of the earth , but onely our neighbour , for whose sake all things are made . Him thou art commanded to love : for all other things which doe perish and fade away , cannot goe up with us to heaven . But our neighbour is heyre ( as well as we ) of the kingdome which shall never fayle : and therefore we must love together one another heartily . For so much therefore as we shall not continue alway in the world , but shall fayle also with the world : we are commanded not to love the world , but our neighbour , because ( yea , being on earth ) he is a part and portion of the heavenly kingdome , although he be among these low Elements , which makes him worthy to be loved of all such as are desirers of the heavenly blisse : forasmuch as in the high Country , which is the kingdome of heaven , he shall be heyre with his brethren for ever . For this cause God doth forbid us to love this world : lest he which so loveth , be separated and made a stranger from the love of God. That thing then should not be striven for , which a man may not love , because a man bearing the name of Christ , must see that he have also the selfe-same or like manners in him , that Christ had . For no man can worthily be called a Christian man , except he agree with Christ in manner and good living . As touching Christ , the Prophet doth write of himselfe these words . Behold the childe whom I have chosen , mine elect , my soule is well pleased in him : I will send my spirit upon him . He shall not strive , he shall not be an outcryer , nor extend his voyce in the street . Behold , Christ doth not strive or cry out : therefore if thou doe covet to be like him in manners , strive not , lest thou appeare to doe nothing , but abuse the name of Christ in the Church . For God commandeth them which follow him , saying . Be not ye called Masters , for there is but one your Master , who is in heaven . And call ye no● father upon the earth , for ye have one father which is in heaven . For ye are altogether brethren : whom he commandeth to make common supplication , and prayer after this manner . O our father which art in heaven , hallowed be thy name , &c. He then contendeth and laboureth in vaine to have a father in earth , when he professeth , that both his Country and father is in heaven , which Country no man can possesse and enjoy , but he that refuseth to set all his care on this world , as one passing not for it . The eighth abuse . Chap. 8. A poore man prowd . TO behold a poore man prowd , may worthily in this place stand for the eighth abuse : because although he have nothing , yet is he puffed up with an high aspiring mind , which thing , even they that are rich men are forbidden to doe : That they should not be high minded . What thing is more foolish , than that he who through great poverty and extreame misery is brought low , and as it were to the very ground , because ( that in respect of that consideration ) hee might behave himselfe lowly : should in this meane estate bear a prowd heart against God ? For this fault , even they that were created in the high habitacle of heaven , were dejected and throwne down from thence . Wherefore then will he be prowd and high minded here on earth , as though he were a man of exceeding great power : who ( before all other men ) should carry and behave himselfe both humble and lowly ? But that the poore people shall not beare their poverty heavily , with sorrowfulnesse and sadnesse of heart : let them heare what they shall receive of God , he saith . Blessed are the poore in spirit , for theirs is the kingdome of heaven . For the mercifull Iudge doth handle all things so indifferently , that to them to whom he hath not given the riches of this world , he giveth the kingdome of heaven , that hee may be a rich man in that glorious place , who on earthly things hath not set his care or delight . Poore men therefore must take heed , lest while in poverty and need they passe over the pleasure and kingdome of this world : they should ( through the lacke of wisedome ) lose also the kingdome of heaven . For although by the order and dispensation of God , they doe live in earthly poverty , yet they may endeavour to be poor and meeke in spirit . For the kingdome of God is not promised to all poore men , without exception indifferently : but to them onely , in whom the humble and lowly meeknesse of the heart , doth accompany the want and lacke of outward riches . Because an humble poore man , is called poore in spirit , who when he is outwardly poore and needy , doth not inwardly extoll himselfe with a proud heart , for the lowlinesse of the minde shall doe more to the attaining of the kingdome of heaven , then the temporall poverty and lacke of worldly riches . For meek and lowly men possessing riches , may be called poore in spirit : whereas those that are prowd , and yet have nothing , without doubt are dispossessed of the blessing , which is promised to the poore in spirit . Of both these sorts , the holy Scripture speaketh on this wise . Some make themselves rich , although they have nothing , and some make themselves poore , albeit they have never so great riches . The rich man then being poore in spirit , is as a poore man notwithstanding all his riches : and the poore man that is prowd in heart , is as a rich man although hee be naked and poore . It followeth , that humblenesse of the minde , is a noble and glorious poverty , and the prowd stubbornenesse of the heart , a foolish kinde of riches . Therefore poore men must have in minde what they are , and because they cannot obtain in worldly goods what they would have , let not their hearts be puffed up with pride , as though they had all that they cannot have . The ninth abuse . Chap. 9. A wicked and an unjust King. NOw come we to a capitall abuse indeed : namely , an unjust or a wicked King or Prince : for a King must not be wicked or unjust , but correct and punish the wicked , and in his owne person defend and maintaine the dignity of his name . For by the name of a King , is understood , that hee may rule well all his subjects which are under him . But how can he correct and rebuke other , who doth not amend his own manners , if they be wicked ? For in the righteousnesse and justice of a King , is his seat exalted : and in the fidelity and truth of a Prince , is his governement and rule established and made strong . The righteousnesse and justice of a King , is to oppresse no man wrongfully by power : to judge and give sentence betweene man and man indifferently , without affection of any person : to defend strangers , Orphane children , and widdowes : to see that robbery and theft raigne not in his Realme : to punish straightly adulterous and fornicating persons : not to promote and exalt such as are wicked : to give no living to such as are unchaste persons , and makers of vicious pastimes , to destroy out of his land all that are wicked against God and their Parents : to suffer no murtherer or man queller to live , much lesse such as doe kill either father or mother : to defend the Church : to comfort the poore with deeds of charity : to take heed that his Officers under him be just and good men : to have of his Counsell , antient , wise , and sober men : to give no eare to Sooth-sayers , Witches , or Enchanters : not to keepe anger in his stomacke : to defend his Country justly and valiantly against adversaries : to put his whole trust and confidence for all things in God : not to be the prouder in heart , if things doe succeed after his minde , and to beare the contrary patiently : to keepe stedfastly the Catholike or universall Faith : not to suffer his children to doe wickedly : to bestow certaine houres daily in prayer , not to eate and drinke out of season . For woe be to that Land , ( as the Prophet saith ) whose King is a childe , and whose great men doe rise up early to eate and drinke . The keeping of these things , maketh a kingdome in this world to be prosperous , and afterward bringeth the king himselfe to a more excellent and royall kingdome . But hee that ruleth and governeth not his Kingdome after this prescript , doth maintain , suffer and beare many evils , inconveniences , and adversities in his Realme , whereinto it falleth for the lack of good rule . Because oftentimes hereby , the peace and tranquillity of the people is broken , and the Realme evill spoken of , the fruits of the ground are diminished , and the ground made bare , and finally , it causeth the people to be negligent in doing their duty . Many and sundry sores doe infect a Realme , and hindereth the prosperous weale thereof . The death and losse of friends and children , doe bring sadnesse and heavinesse unto mens hearts , for when enemies doe invade the Countrey , they waste and impoverish the land on all sides , they slay up the Cattell great and small . Againe , troublesome weather and great windes , doe hinder the growth and increase of the ground : it maketh also the Sea as troubled and unable to doe service , yea , often times blasts and lightnings wither the corne on the ground , and blossoms on the trees . But above all things , the unrighteousnesse of a King , doth make darke and clowdie the face of his whole Realme : being the cause often times ( through his iniquity and wicked government ) that his Nephewes , yea , nor his children after him , doe inherit the Crowne of their Father . The Lord for the offence of Salomon , diuided the kingdome of the house of Israell , out of the hands of his children . Behold what great goodnesse commeth of a righteous and good Prince : there is none so blinde but they may see if they will. Of him commeth the peace of the people , hee is the defence of his Countrey , the safegard and liberty of his people , the strength of the whole Nation , the remedy of all sorrowes , the joy of men , the temperatenesse of the weather , the stilnesse of the sea , the fruitfull increase of the earth , the helpe and comfort of the poore , the sure heritage of his children , and finally , to himselfe it is a certaine argument and hope , of eternall felicity to come . But yet let every King take this lesson with him , and marke it well : that as among men hee is set highest in his throne , so ( if he minister not justice ) hee shall be deepest in paine . For in this life , as many transgressors and offendors as he had under him , so many in the time to come shall he have above him , to his extreame sorrow and paine remedilesse . The tenth abuse . Chap. 10. A negligent Bishop . THe tenth abuse , is a negligent Bishop , which gapeth ambitiously to be honoured and reverenced as a Bishop : but doth not the office , ministration and duty of a Bishop in the sight of God , whole message he is commanded to doe . Therefore let us first demand and enquire , what is meant by the name and vocable Bishop , which is a Greeke word , and is as much to say , as a man set in a high place , to looke farre off and round about him , as out of an high Tower. But the cause why he is made a watch-man , and what is required at his hand , the Lord himselfe doth open , when by the mouth of Ezechiel the Prophet , he teacheth a Bishop the reason and cause of his office , speaking on this wise . Thou sonne of man , I have made thee a watchman over the house of Israel : wherefore when thou hast heard what words I do speake unto thee , thou shall shew them to the people , and tell them that I spake the words . When I shall say unto the wicked , thou shalt surely dye , and thou givest him not warning thereof , nor speakest to admonish the wicked of his evill way , and so to live : then shall the same ungodly man dye in his owne unrighteousnesse , but his bloud will I require at thy hand . Neverthelesse , if thou give warning to the wicked , and hee yet turne not from his ungodlinesse , and from his wicked way , hee shall dye in his wickednesse , but thou hast delivered thy soule . It becommeth therefore a Bishop , that is set to be a Watch-man over all , to looke well upon offences , and when he knoweth them perfectly , then to cause them to be amended : if he can , with words and godly counsell , if he cannot , then after the rule of the Gospell , to avoid them out of the fellowship and company of the godly , for the Lord saith in the Gospell . If thy brother doe offend against thee , rebuke him betweene thee and him : if hee will heare thee , thou hast wonne thy brother . If hee will not heare thee , take one or two with thee , that in the mouth of two or three , all words may be ratified . If hee will not heare them , tell the Church . And if hee will not heare the Church , take him as an Ethnicke and a Publican . After such an order must hee be driven out , which will not obey the Bishop and teacher : and he that is thus expulsed , ought not to come in company either of Teacher or Bishop . For it is written of the Priest in the Law : Let him not take a wife that is a whore , or polluted , nor put from her husband : for such an one is unholy unto his God. Therefore he that doth joyne to him in company such a body , being excommunicated by a faithfull Minister , without the consent of him : breaketh the Law of holy Priest-hood , which is an elect kinde of Christian men . After this fashion must a Bishop behave himselfe , over them to whom hee is a watchman : but what manner of man , he must be himselfe , the Apostle Saint Paul sheweth in this wise . A Bishop must be blamelesse , the husband of one wife , watching , sober , comely apparrelled , a lover and maintainer of hospitality , apt to teach . Not given to over-much Wine , no striker , not greedy of filthy lucre : but gentle , abhorring fighting , abhorring covetousnesse . One that ruleth well his owne house , having children in subjection with all gravity and cleanenesse of life . Not a young Scholler , lest he , being puffed up , fall into the snares of the divell . Hee must also have a good report of them which are without , lest he fall into the rebuke and snare of the divell , that he may shew in worke , that thing which hee teacheth in doctrine . Therefore let negligent Bishops take heed ; for in the time of vengeance , the Lord complaineth by the mouth of his Prophet , saying ; My Pastors have ground my people to powder , the sheepheards did not feed my flocke , but they did feed themselves . But rather let them whom the Lord hath set over his family , procure to give them meate in due season : a measure of Wheate , that is to say , pure and true doctrine , that when the Lord commeth , they may deserve to have these comfortable words . My good and faithfull servant , because thou hast beene faithfull over a few , I shall set thee over many , enter into the joy of the Lord. The eleventh abuse . Chap. 11. A people without discipline . COmming now to the eleventh blemish in this life , it is comprehended in these words : a people without discipline : who when they doe not practise obedience in their living to good and godly doctrine , doe choke themselves with the common snare of perdition . For they doe not escape the wrath of God , except they earnestly follow those things which they are taught . And therefore the Psalmist saith to the people which will not receive discipline : Apprehend and receive discipline , lest God be stirred to anger . Discipline is a manner of teaching , which leadeth men to the amendment of evill and naughtie manners : it is also a keeping and following of the rules and lessons of our Elders , whereof Saint Paul speaketh , saying : Abide and continue in discipline , God offereth himselfe to you , as to his children . But if yee be out of discipline , whereof ye are made already partakers , then are yee advouterers , and not his children . They therefore which are gone from him , and be out of discipline , doe receive no inheritance of the Kingdome of heaven : but if children doe receive and beare the correction of their fathers discipline , let them not despaire or doubt , but they shall receive in time to come , the inheritance of the Father . Of this discipline Esay speaketh , saying : Cease from doing wickedly , and learne to doe well . And the like sentence is found in the Psalmist , who saith : Decline from evill , and doe good . Wherefore that man is very miserable and unhappy , which throweth from him discipline : for he is bolder than the Souldiers which crucified Christ , and did cut out his garment , for hee doth cut the discipline of Christs Church . And likewise as the coat doth cover all the body saving the head , even so is the whole Church clad and defended with discipline , saving onely Christ , who is the head of the Church . And as that coat was whole without any seame , so is this discipline given to the Church whole and sound . Of this discipline , the Lord when hee should ascend up to his Father , after hee was risen from death , spake to his disciples , saying : Abide yee here still in the Citie of Ierusalem , till yee bee clad from above with power . Then the discipline of the Church is the coat of Christ , and hee which is not within this discipline , is out of the body of Christ . Let us not therefore cut that coate , but let us cast lots who shall have it : that is to say : Let us breake nothing of the commandements of GOD , but every man whereunto hee is called , therein let him constantly abide with the Lord. The twelfth abuse . Chap. 12. A people without Law. THe last of this Catalogue of abuses , is a people without Law , who while they despise the sayings of God , and the ordinances of his Lawes : doe runne thorow divers waies of errours , into the snare of transgression and breaking of the Lawes . As concerning those wayes of errour , the Prophet ( under the person of a transgressor ) doth lament and bewaile mankinde on this wise . We have erred ( saith he ) and gone astray like sheepe , every one after his own way . Of these waies it is spoken in the Booke of Wisedome , by the mouth of Salomon , saying : Many wayes appeare good and strait unto men : but the last end of their wayes , bringeth them to death . And truely there are many wayes of perdition , when men doe not regard the Kings high way , which is right and straight out , turning neither on the right hand nor on the left : the which way , our Lord Iesus Christ ( who is the end of the Law , to the justification of all that doe beleeve ) plainely sheweth us , saying . I am the way , the truth , and the life , no man commeth unto the Father , but by mee . To which way he calleth all men without respect , saying : Come unto me all yee that labour and are heavy laden , and I will refresh you . For there is no exception of persons before God , with whom there is neither Iew nor Greeke , man nor woman , bond nor free : but Christ is all things in all , and all are one in Christ Iesu . For so much as Christ is the end of the Law , those which are without the Law , are without Christ : then the people that be without the Law , are likewise without Christ . It is a great abuse , that in the time of the Gospell , any people should be without the Law : for so much as the Apostles were commanded to preach to all Nations , and the thunder-claps of the Gospell , were heard over all the parts of the earth , and the Gentiles which sought not after righteousnesse , have received it . And finally , considering that they which were farre off , were made nigh in the bloud of Christ , and they which sometime were not a people , are now made the people of God in Christ : being now a glad time , and the day of salvation , the time of comfort 〈◊〉 ●he sight of the Highest . And sith that every Nation hath a witnesse of the resurrection , yea , sith the Lord himselfe beareth witnesse thereunto , saying : Behold , I am with you alway to the end of the world . Therefore let not us be without Christ in this transitorie life , lest Christ be without us in the world to come . FINIS . LONDON , Printed by Thomas Harper , for Thomas Jones , 1636.