Humane prudence, or, The art by which a man may raise himself and fortune to grandeur by A.B. De Britaine, William. 1682 Approx. 124 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 73 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A29590 Wing B4805A ESTC R36376 15685003 ocm 15685003 104349 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A29590) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 104349) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1180:2) Humane prudence, or, The art by which a man may raise himself and fortune to grandeur by A.B. De Britaine, William. The second edition, [10], 130, [2] p. Printed for John Lawrence ..., London : MDCLXXXII [1682] Attributed to De Britaine by Wing. [2] p. of advertisements bound at end. Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Conduct of life. 2006-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-09 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-10 Jonathan Blaney Sampled and proofread 2006-10 Jonathan Blaney Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Humane Prudence : OR , THE ART By which a MAN may Raise HIMSELF and FORTUNE TO Grandeur . By A. B. The Second Edition , with the Addition of a Table . LONDON , Printed for John Lawrence , at the Angel in Cornhil , near the Royal Exchange . M.DC.LXXXII . THE BOOKSELLER TO THE Reader . I Have had these few Sheets so long by me , that the Author ( who is a Gentleman of Modesty and Worth ) has ev'n almost forgot them , and left it to me to recommend them to the publick ; though indeed they may very well expect a welcome from you , without the compliment of an ushering Preface . Upon the Credit of the Author , and some ingenious Persons who have viewed this Treatise , I dare be bold to say , That he who is willing to be improved by Reading , shall find so much contracted in this little Manual , as by ordinary Reflection and Application , may be extended to the several Uses and Qualities of his Life , if he intend to spend it in Vertue , and expects Reputation from his Actions ; and to such onely Counsel is to be given and Reward proposed . Prudence ( in general ) I am told , like Truth , consists in a single and individual point ( and that is in doing always what is best to be done ) though the kinds of it may be various , according as the matter to which it is applied is diversified by the circumstances of Times , Places and Persons ; for there are indeed , many who would be thought prudent , that often take very different Methods in pursuing one and the same Design ; because reason , which ought to be their Guide , either out of Weakness mistakes the way , or by Prejudice , Interest , or other deluding Considerations , is diverted into By-Paths : And therefore it is necessary that Vertue and Integrity do carry the Light , else Conscience it self may err and mislead Men in the dark ; as being often swayed by prevailing Passions , and forced forward by Pride , Whimsey , Prejudice , and all the Regards that influence the Frailties of Man : Nay Knavery and Cunning pass sometime for Prudence , and true Wisdom for Silliness and Simplicity ; but the Success does in some Mens minds , determine the Nature of an Action ; yet he that Acts with most Sincerity and Uprightness , according to the best measures he can attain to , if he be not the most prudent in the esteem of the World , he is certainly the honestest Man ; and Honesty is the greatest Wisdom . It 's upon this Principle alone , that the Author has founded the following Sections , and discoursed of many things ( for no man can treat of every thing ) so succinctly , and with so much sententious perspicuity , that he who carries this little book about him in his Pocket , and being willing to learn , opens it at a venture , when he has nothing else to do ; shall I dare affirm shut it again with satisfaction , and if he meet not with something in it at a superficial glance , which may give him hints as to his Conduct ; yet he will certainly find that his patience hath not been baited with tedious and magisterial Documents . For those who are Vertuously inclined , but think themselves wise enough already ( as there are many who do so ) this little Treatise , if it do them no good , it will certainly do them no harm , nevertheless it is no presumption to advise such not too hastily to leave off Trade ; seeing , though their Stock may at present seem sufficient , yet many Casualties of Losses and Times , may bring them to want a new supply ; and let them think on the saying of the old Poet. — Semper tibi pendeat hamus , Quo minime modis gurgite , piscis erit . For such as are of an understanding and humble mind , this little Book ( as I have said ) cannot miss of being an useful Vade-Mecum , because it gives pertinent tho general Directions for the conduct of most part of any Mans Life , the Actions of whom are not onely the subject of the Manual , but of all the Ethicks and large Volumns of Morality that have been written since the beginning of the World ; but lest I should offend the Genius of the worthy Author ( who asserts Brevity ) by the Prolixness of a Preface , that sutes ill with the bulk of the Book , I shall add no more , onely wish the Reader benefit in perusing of it ; and so bid him ▪ Farewel . THE CONTENTS . Sect. 1. Generall Heads for one about to begin the World , as we commonly speak , to act well the allotted part , to avoid vain , and embrace useful studyes , not to be discouraged . p. 1. Sect. 2. Of Religion , p. 4. Sect. 3. Of Religion , p. 6. Sect. 4. Of Loyalty , p. 9. Sect. 5. Of Conversation , Behaviour , Civilty , p. 11. Sect. 6. Of Conversation . Of talk and silence . Of Reservedness of Secrets , p. 15. Sect. 7. Of modesty and humility in disputes . Of the weakness of Humane knowledge , p. 18. Sect. 8. Of Reputation , p. 21. Sect. 9. Of boasting Of being too open . Of speaking ill of persons . Of bearing reproaches . Disoblige none , p. 22. Sect. 18. Of Passion . Of passing by Injuries , p. 27. Sect. 11. Of Vertue and Bounty , p. 32. Sect. 12. Of Friends and Friendship , p. 34. Sect. 13. Of Wealth , p. 37. Sect. 14. Of Riches and Honour . Of the Contempt , and use of them , p. 40. Sect. 15. Of going to Law , p. 46. Sect. 16. Of Gaming , p. 50. Sect , 17. Of Marriage , p. 51. Sect. 18. Of Justice in dealing . Of Promises . Borrowing . Fidelity . Considerations and Resotions , p. 54. Sect. 19. Of Industry and Diligence . Of temporising . Of Secrecy and celerity . Of vain confidence in undertakings . Of circumspection . Of chance and caution in affairs , p. 59. Sect. 20. Of Opportunity . Of Nicetyes , and wise compliance in affairs . Of concealing ones Prudence . Of fair words and promises . Not to rely too much on anothers honesty . Of prudential diffidence . Of trust , Self Centre , over officious persons . Stand upon your Guard , p. 64. Sect. 21. A Diary of your actions . The experience of our own errors is the best instructor , p. 68. Sect. 22. Of Complacency . Of laying hold on Opportunity , Against Singularity , p. 66. Sect. 23. The dangers attending Vertue . What conduct to use in time : of danger : And of faction . Of state factions . Not to be neuter in popular . Commotions . Sit not still under an extraordinary misfortune . Be not disturbed at things out of your power , p. 72. Sect. 24. In preferments , Mony and the favour of great men more usefull than merit . Persons of worth often purposely neglected and oppressed . Not the modesty of Wisedom , but the Confidence and Ambition transact the business of the World , p. 76. Sect. 25. In adversity men betake themselves to a Wife and Virruous man. Honour and preferment seldom the reward of Vertue , but the issue of pleasure and interest . Vertue a reward to it self , p. 79. Sect. 26. Of Ambition . Of moderation and privacy . A rising person must Study the humour of the Prince : Not to monoplize his Ear. Beware of too great services . Study the Interest of his Kingdom . Be ready to give an account of your management . p. 81. Sect. 27. Be humble , and of easy access . A●ainst Rigour in Religion . How to be in prosperity . To make goodness accompany greatness , p. 88. Sect. 28. Age flatterers . To Worship the rising Sun. To sweeten denials . Advice in managing designes , and in case of enemies , p 91. Sect. 29. Of Libells and Pasquils . Of new Favorites , of the pretence of Publick good , how useful , to establish ones self in a Princes favour . Directions in Negotiations . Of Councel . Of matters of great concern , who to be in your Cabal . How to act in dangerous attempts : And in doubtful matters . Where Wisdom misses , mony hits , p. 93. Sect. 30. To intermix Wisdom with Innocence , p. 98. Sect. 31. Of Honour . To retire to solitude if Fortune frown . The Mind must not vary with the Fortune , the advantage of hope and benefit of Affliction , p. 100. Sect. 32. The Happiness of Contentment . p. 102. Sect. 33. Of Contentment and Submission . Only Heaven valuable . Piety the only Wisdom ▪ and Happiness , p. 104 ▪ Maximes to be observed by Statesmen , p. 108. HUMANE PRUDENCE . SECT . 1. SIR , I Know you are Ingenious and Industrious , the Conjunction of two such Planets in your Youth doth presage much good unto you . You are now entring upon the Theatre of the World , where every one must act his part ; what part you shall act , I know not ▪ but if it be your fortune to act that of a Begger , do it with as much grace and comeliness as you can . Never perplex your Head with the Schools , whether a Myriad of Angels can dance upon the point of a Needle ; nor spend time in the finding out of the proportion between the Cylinder and the Sphere , though the Invention highly pleased Archimedes . Neither will it become you to quarrel the Orthography of a Word , and whether we should write Foelix or Felix , but get to be so . It will be an instance of great Prudence in you , to study Things which may be of Solid use , and come home to Business ; the whole province of Learning is infested with Frivolous Disputations and Vain Impostures . I must confess , the Speeulations of the Metaphysicks ( which are nothing but the Needle-Work of Curious Brains ) are exceeding pleasant : but pleasure without profit , is a Flower without a Root . And all the Philosophy in Aristotle and Plato , or the Sublime Theorems of the Schools , will not pay one Debt , Add to your own Stores from Observation and Experience , a-Way of Learning as far beyond that which is got by Precept , as the Knowledge of a Traveller exceeds that which is got by a Mapp . The whole Universe is your Library , Conversation , Living Studies , and Observations , your best Tutors . The New World of Experiments is left to the Discovery of Posterity ; but it hath been the unhappy fate ( which is great pity ) of New Inventions to be undervalued ; witness that Excellent Discovery of Columbus , with the great neglect which he under-went before and after it . But let nothing discourage you ; Worth is ever at home , and carrieth its own welcome with it : your own Vertues will innoble you , and a gallant Spirit will make you Cosin-german to Caesar . SECT . 2. LInk not your self with any Parties on Design , but with all Christians in Communion ; for you will find it true in some persons , that , Maxima pars studiorum , est studium partium . For my self , I wish the Christian World Unity in the few Fundamentals , which are Necessary , liberty in things indifferent , and Charity in all things . I know there are many things obtruded upon the World , as Oracles of Heaven , when they are but the accustomed Cheats and Delusions of Impostors . But Wise-men cannot be content to be abused with Umbrages , nor is the World any longer to be entertained with Dark Lanthorns , since God hath said , Fiat Lux. I must confess I have not Faith enough my self to swallow Camels , nor can I perswade my Reason to become a Dromedary , to bear the whole Luggage of Humane Tradition , or the Impostures of the Alcoran . That Religion to me seemeth best , which is most rational ; especially if we consider , how much of Interest and the strong impressions of Education , there is in that which many call Religion . I do not speak this , that you should try the Articles of your Creed by the Touch-stone of Aristotle . Be content with a true Faith in God , the Comforts of a Good Life , and the hopes of a better upon true Repentance ; and take the rest upon the Authority of the Church . In things necessary go along with the Ancient Church , in things indifferent with the present . Though you have some Opinions and Motions of your own , yet yield ( as the Orbs do for the Order of the Universe ) to the Great Wheel of the Church . SECT . 3. LET not your Faith , which ought to stand firm upon a sure Foundation , lean over hardly , on a well-painted , yet rotten Post . If in Scripture some Points are left unto us , less clear and positive , be content , it is that Christians might have wherewith to exercise Humility in themselves , and Charity towards others . If you design to make your self happy , look to your thoughts before they come to desires ; and entertain no thoughts which may blush in words . Be assured he hath no serious Belief of God or the World to come , who dares be wicked . Instead of a Cato , set before you a GOD , whose Eye is always upon you ; and therefore keep your Eye always upon him . Fear to do any thing against that God whom thou lovest , and thou wilt not love to do any thing against that God whom thou fearest . Let your Prayers be as frequent as your Wants , and your Thanksgivings as your Blessings . In the Morning think what you have to do , for which ask God blessing ; at Night what you have done , for which you must ask pardon . Take an exact account of your Life , be not afraid to look upon the Score , but fearful to increase it ; to despair because a Man is sinful , is to be worse because he hath been bad . In all our Actions aim at Excellency ; that Man will fail at last , who allows himself one sinful Thought . And he that dares sometimes be wicked for his advantage , will be always so , if his interest require it . Consider the Shortness of your Life and Certainty of Judgment , the great reward for the Good , and severe punishment for the Bad ; therefore make even with Heaven by Repentance at the end of every day , and so you shall have but one day to repent of before your Death . SECT . 4. NExt your Duty to God , I advise you , that you be Loyal to your King ; never sell Honour to purchase Treason . A secure and happy Subjection is more to be esteemed than a dangerous and factious Liberty . Government is the greatest security of freedom ; for as Obedience in Subjects is the Princes Strength , so is the same their own Safety : Therefore they who weaken the Sovereign Power , weaken their own Security . Never suffer the Dignity of his Person to be slurred ; for the most effectual Method of Disobedience , is , First to sully the Glory of his Person , and then to overthrow his Power . As Rebellion is a Weed of hasty growth , so it will decay as suddenly ; and that Knot which is united in Treachery , will easily be dissolved by Jealousies . Great Crimes are full of Fears , Delays , and frequent Change of Counsels ; and that which in the Projection seem'd full of its Reward , when it comes to be acted , looks big with danger . And let me tell you , the Ends of the Common People , if nusled up in a Factious Liberty , are much different from the Designs of Sovereign Princes . Submission to your Prince is your Duty ; and Confidence in his Goodness will be your Prudence . Let no pretence of Conscience render you disobedient to his Commands ; for Obedience to your Prince is part of your Duty towards God. And Conscience is not your Rule , but your Guide ; and so far only can Conscience justifie your actions ; as it is it self justified by God and his Sacred Word . Remember alwayes that Kings have long hands , they catch afar off , and their Blows are dangerous . SECT . 5. LET your Conversation be with those , by whom you may accomplish your self best ; for Vertue never returns with so rich a Cargo , as when it sets sail from such Continents ; Company , like Climates , alter Complexions . Keep Company with Persons rather above than beneath your self ; for Gold in the same Pocket with Silver , loseth both of its colour and weight . Retain your own Vertues , and by Imitation naturalize other Mens ; but let none be Copies to you longer , than they do agree with the Original . Study to gain Respects , not by little Observances , but by a constant fair Carriage . Hear no ill of a Friend , nor speak any of an Enemy ; Believe not all you hear , nor speak all you believe . Give not your Advice or Opinion before required , for that is to upbraid the others Ignorance , and over-much to value your own parts : Neither accustom your self to find fault with other Mens Actions , for you are not bound to weed their Gardens . Never commend any Person to his face , but to others , to create in them a good Opinion of him : Nor dispraise any man behind his back , but to himself , to work a-Reformation in him of himself . Over-great Encomiums of any Person do not suit with Prudence ; for it 's a kind of Detraction from those with whom you do converse , and it will express arrogance in you : For he that commends another , would have him esteemed upon his Judgment . Nothing will gain you more reputation with the people , than an humble and serene Deportment . A rude and morose Behaviour in Conversation , is as absurd , as a round Quadrangle in the Mathematicks . Urbanity and Civility are a Debt you owe to Mankind : Civil Language and Good Behaviour , will be like perpetual Letters Commendatory unto you : Other Vertues have need of somewhat to maintain them ; Justice must have Power , Liberality , Wealth , &c. but this is set up with no other Stock than a few pleasant Looks , good Words , and no evil Actions . It 's an easie purchase , when Friends are gained by Kindness and Affability . Let your Behaviour , like your Garment , be neither streight nor loose , but fit and becoming . Catch not too soon at an Offence , nor give too easie way to Anger ; the one shews a Weak Judgment , and the other a Perverse Nature . Avoid in Conversation idle Jests and vain Complements , the one being Crepitus ingenii , the other nothing but Verbal Idolatry . Vertue , like a rich Stone , is ever best when plain set . By Trifles are the Qualities of Men as well discovered , as by great Actions ; because in Matters of Importance they commonly temporize , and strain themselves , but in lesser things they follow the current of their own Natures . You will meet with many Persons ( as I my self have done ) which are wise in Picture , and exceeding formal ; but they are so far from resolving of Riddles with Oedipus , as they are very Riddles themselves . You must have a care of these , for a Pedant and a Formalist are two dangerous Animals ; but to the Solons and Heroes of the Times , out of Duty you must pay them the Debt of an Honourable regard and memory . If you meet with a Person subject to infirmities , never deride them in him ; but bless God that you have no occasion to grieve for them in your self . SECT . 6. BE not futile and over-talkative , that is the Fools Paradice , but a Wise-mans Purgatory : It will express a great weakness in you , and doth imply a believing that others are affected with the same vanity . Speak well or say nothing ; so if others be not better by your silence , they will not be worse by your Discourse . By your Silence you have this advantage , you observe other Mens Follies and conceal your own ; and he discovereth his Abilities most , that least discovereth himself ; not that I would have you over-reserved , that 's a symptome of a sullen Nature , and unwelcome to all Society . But let your Discourse be solid , not like a Ship that hath more Sail than Ballast . There is no Man that talketh , if you be wise , but you may gain from him , and none that is silent , if you have not a care , but you may lose by him : If you must speak , it will be prudence in you always to speak last ; and so you will be Master of others strength , before you discover your own . Reservedness will be your best security , and slowness of belief the best sinew of Wisdom : Never impart that to a Friend , which may impower him to be your Enemy . Your Servants ( which usually prove the worst of Enemies ) you may admit into your Bed-Chamber , but never into your Closet . A Secret , like a Crown , is no Estate to be made over in trust ; and to whomsoever you do commit it , you do but inable him to undo you ; and you must purchase his secresie at his own price . Consider how precarious and unhappy your Life and Fortune will be , which depends upon so slender a Thread as anothers pleasure ; therefore let me advise you always to carry two eyes about you , the one of wariness upon your self , the other of observation upon other Men. Parca lingua , aperta frons , and clausum pectus , are the best ingredients of Wisdom ; and that made the Italian say , Gli pensiere streti , & el viso sciolto ; Keep your Thoughts close , and your Countenance loose . Never trust twice , where you have been deceived once ; for he that makes himself an Ass , it 's fitting Others should ride him . SECT . 7. BE not Magisterial or too Affirmative in any Assertion : for the bold maintaining of any Argument doth conclude against your own Civil Behaviour : Modesty in your Discourse will give a lustre to truth , and an excuse to your error . If you desire to know how short your Understanding is in Things above , consider how little you know of your self , what the Soul is , of what Members your Body is inwardly compacted ; and what is the use of every Bone , Vein , Artery , or Sinew : which no Man understands , as Galen himself confesseth . Protagoras hath delivered to us , That there is nothing in Nature but doubt ; and that a Man may equally dispute of all things ; and of that also , whether all things may be equally disputed of . I do pay much reverence to the humility of Plato , Democritus , Anaxagoras , Empedocles , and all the New Academicks ; who positively maintain , That nothing in the World could be certainly known . And Socrates was by the Oracle adjudged the Wisest Man living , because he was wont to say ( I know onely this ) I know nothing . Yet Archiselaus was of Opinion , That not so much as that could be known , which Socrates said he knew , to wit , that he knew nothing . Much of the Knowledge of the Arts we profess , we have been instructed therein by the very Beasts and other Creatures : Of the Spider we learn to Spin and Sew , of the Swallow to Build , of the Nightingale Musick : Of divers Creatures Physick , the Goats of Candia , being shot with an Arrow , do chuse from out of a Million of Simples , the Herb Dittany , and therewith cure themselves . The Tortoise having eaten of a Viper , doth seek for Wild Marjoram to purge her self : The Dragon clears her Eyes with Fennel : The Cranes with their Bills do minister Glisters of Sea-water unto themselves . Therefore I must tell you , as amongst Wise-men , He is the wisest , that thinks he knows least , so amongst Fools , He 's the greatest , that thinks he knows most . SECT . 8. BE studious to preserve your Reputation ; if that be once lost , you are like a Cancelled Writing , of no value ; and at best , you do but survive your own Funeral ; for Reputation is like a Glass , which being once cracked , will never be otherwise than crazy . It will beget a contempt of you , and Contempt , like the Planet Saturn , hath first an ill Aspect , and then a destroying Influence . A noble Reputation is a great Inheritance , it begetteth Opinion , ( which ruleth the World ; ) Opinion Riches , Riches Honour . Chi semina virtu fama raccoglie . but howsoever be careful to keep keep up the Reputation of your Parts and Vertue with the Vulgar ; for it will be more advantage to you to be accounted . Vertuous and Learned by the Ignorant , than Ignorant by the Learned ; for the Ignorant are many , but the Learned are few . It was a Principle in Julius Caesar , not to be eminent amongst the Magnifico's , but to be chief amongst Inferiors . Thy Credit wary keep , 't is quickly gone ; Being got by many Actions , lost by one , SECT . 9. NEver magnifie your self , or boast of your great Actions ( that is Pedantry ) and as in Falconry , so take it for a truth , That those of the weakest Wing are commonly the highest Fliers . Make not your self a Body of Chrystal , that all Men may look through you ; but ( as Wise-men ought to do ) be like Coffers with Double Bottoms , which when others look into , being opened , they see not all they hold on a sudden and at once . Let your Discourse of others be fair , speak not ill of any ; if you do in his absence , it 's the property of a Coward to stab a Man behind his back ; if to his face , you add an affront to the scandal : Every Man thinks he deserves better than indeed he doth , therefore you cannot oblige Mankind more , than to speak well : Man is the greatest Humourist and Flatterer of himself in the World. I have observed , That no Men are so ready to sully the Honour and Reputation of others , as those which do deserve the worst themselves ; yet I have so much Charity for them , that many times they do it not so much out of a Principle of Malice , as thereby to gain a Reputation ( as they think ) of being Vertuous and Just themselves ; therefore if any person shall speak ill of you , I advise you not to disquiet your self ; but endeavour to live so vertuously , as the World shall not believe that to be true , which is reported of you . And you must understand , That many speak ill , because they never learned to speak well . Your own Innocency will be a Back of Steel unto you , and a clear Soul , like a Castle , against all the Artillery of depraving Spirits , is Impregnable . Howsoever it will be your Wisdom to carry a Counter-pest or Antidote in your Ears against the poison of Virulent Tongues . It was an instance of great Prudence in the Earl of Carnarvan , when discourfing with a Doctor of Physick , the Doctor told him he lied : The Earl ( though a Person of much Honour and Courage ) without any Passion replied , That he had rather take the Lye of him twenty times than Physick once . This was a Noble Gallantry of Spirit , for a Lye , like false and counterfeit Money , though a Good Man may receive it , yet ought he not in Justice to pay it . I am not much concerned if the Plebeian Heads take me for the Image of a Flie , a Nullo , a Cypher ; nay if they tell me I am a Fool , I can have the same Sentiments with that great Chancellour , who when Cardinal Wolsey told him he was the veriest Fool in the Council ; God be thanked , said he , that my Master hath but one Fool here . I do desire to honour my life not by other Mens opinions , but by my own Actions and Vertues . Si vis beatus esse , cogita hoc primum contemnere , & contemni , nondum es felix si te turba non deriserit . Howsoever disoblige none , for there is no person so contemptible , but it may be in his power to be your best Friend or worst Enemy : If you do Courtesies to a hundred men and disoblige but one , that one shall be more active to your ruin than all the other shall be to serve you : Therefore if you will gain respect , turn Usurer , and make all men enter into Obligations to you . The World is a Shop of Tools , of which the Wiseman onely is the Master . SECT . 10. NEver be so below your self as to let any Passion be above you : Be assured when Passion enters in at the Fore-gate , Wisdom goes out at the Postern . He who commands himself , commands the World too ; and the more Authority you have over others , the more Command you must have over your self . I cannot but admire at the temper of that Persian , who in his fury threatned the Tempest and whipt the Sea. It is a sorrow to me , to see a passionate Man scourge himself with his own Scorpions , and in the midst of his innocent Contentments fondly to give himself Alarms . It 's the Infelicity of many Men , to sally into the greatest passion upon the least occasion : Not unlike that Gentleman ( though learned , yet none of the wisest ) when seeing his Man at Plow , fell into a great Distemper , and was much incensed against him , because he did not plow , secundum Artem , in drawing his Furrows mathematically , and in Linea Recta , as he said : A Friend of his standing by , told him that he had little reason to be displeased , if he considered the small difference between errare and arare . I am not pleased , if I see a Butter-flie in the Air , and cannot catch it . Be you like the Caspian Sea , which is said never to ebb or flow . Have not to do with any Man in his Passion , for men , contrary to Iron , are worst to be wrought upon when they are hot . It 's more Prudence to pass by Trivial Offences , than to quarrel for them ; by the last you are even with your Adversary , but by the first above him . If you have an Injury done you , you do your Adversary too much honour to take notice of it , and think too meanly of your self to revenge it : Let me advise you , to dissemble an Injury , when you have not the power to revenge it , and generously to forgive it , when you have the means to do it . It 's a noble way of Revenge , to forget and scorn them ; for Resentment doth but encourage that Malice which neglect would dissipate . Lewis the Twelfth of France being advised by some of his Council to punish such as were Enemies to him when he was Duke of Orleans , answered like a Prince , That it did not suit with the glory of a King of France to revenge the injuries done to the Duke of Orleans . If you be displeased with every Peccadillo , you will become habitually forward : Learn to be patient , by observing the inconveniences of impatience in other Men. If you have an infelicity upon you , by your impatience you super-add another to it : He who submits to his Passions , at the same time is a Slave to many Tyrants . I prefer the freedom of my Mind and the serenity of my Soul ( not clouded with Passions ) before the Empire of the World. It will be the test of Prudence in you , without any Passion to indure the Injuries and Follies of other Men : If you cannot indure them in others , you may make them your own : For first you lose your Judgment , and then offend your Self ; and so Passion will praecipitate you into that Ill which you would avoid . If any Man doth me an Injury , I am not disturbed , but must pity him ; for he is the first offended , and receives the greatest damage ; because in this he loseth the use of Reason . Every day I meet with Bravo's , false and perfidious Persons , but they can do me no harm , because it 's not in their power to disquiet me or to make me act any thing dishonourable ; neither am I angry nor disaffected toward them , because they are by Nature near unto me ; for they are all my Kinsmen by participation of the same Reason and Divine Particle : If at any time I have an injury done me by them , I convert it to my own advantage , I know how to avoid them ; and they discover to me my own Weakness , where I may be assaulted ; therefore I study to fortifie that place : And if an Ass doth kick me ( as many times he doth ) I never use to put him into the Court. I speak this to you ; not that I would have you without sense , for Chi la fa Pecora il Lupo la mangia : He who maketh himself a Sheep , the Wolf will devour him . It was a Maxime worthy of Caesar's Gallantry , Nec inferre nec perpeti . SECT . 11. I Shall commend unto your practice that Excellent Precept of Pythagoras , Nil turpe committas , neque coram aliis , neque tecum , maxime omnium verere teipsum : And believe it , a good Man will blush as much to commit a Sin in the Wilderness , as upon a Theatre : The less the occasion of Sin , the greater is the Nature of it : And to justifie a Fault is a greater Sin than to fall into it : And let me tell you , Sin is Masculine , and begets the like in others ; and many times like Venom it infects the Blood , when the Viper is dead , which gave the Wound : Therefore take care that the bright Lustre of your Vertues may inlighten the whole Sphere wherein you move . I would not have you like a Sun-Dyal in the Grave , of no use . As to Acts of Charity and Vertue , let not your heart be a narrow Island , but a large Continent ; be your own Almoner , and dispose of your own Charity : but as to Favours and Kindnesses , imitate the Wise Husbandmen , who when they sow their ground , do not throw all their Seed in one place , but scatter it ; and believe me , small and common courtesies do more oblige than great favours : And whereas others are made poor by Oppression , make you as many Beggars as you can by your Bounty : And if you design to gain all Interests , make all Interests Gainers . SECT . 12. OUt of your Acquaintance chuse Familiars , and out of those pick Friends . But let me advise you never to make a Coward your Friend , or a Drunkard your Privy-councellor ; for the one upon the approach of the least danger , will desert you , and the other will discover all your secrets ; both dangerous to Humane Society . Friendship is a sacred thing , and deserves our dearest acknowledgments : A Friend is a great comfort in solitude , an excellent assistance in business ; and the best protection against injuries . In the Kindness of my Friend , I sweeten the Adversities of my Life ; by his Cares I lessen my own , and repose under his Frienship : When I see any good befall him I rejoyce , and thereby increase my own happiness . Therefore I cannot but hug the Resolution of that Philosopher , who when he was dying , ordered his Friend to be inventoried amongst his goods . A Friend , like a Glass , will best discover to you your own Defects . But never purchase Friends by Gifts , for if you leave to give , they will leave to love . Love is built upon the Union of Minds , not the Bribery of Gifts ; and the more you give , the fewer Friends you will have . An Enemy is better recovered by Kindness , than a Friend assured . Have a care in making any Man your Friend twice , except the Rupture was by your own mistake , and you have done Penance for it . When you have made choice of your Friend , express all Civilities to him ; yet in prudence I would advise you to look upon your present Friend , as in possibility to be your future Enemy . I never have forsaken my Friend , but when he hath first forsaken himself and Vertue ( which was the True Lovers Knot which first united us ; ) and if at any time I renounced his Familiarity , yet in respect of my former intimacy , I retained an Affection for him , and wished him well . I do profess my self a Citizen of the World , and have such an Aversion to any thing that is unkind , that I look upon an injury done to another , as done to my self . And many times when I have heard that my Friend was dead , I have bemoated my Eyes with Tears , and could as passionately have wept over his sacred Urn , as that Graecian Matron did for the loss of her Mother : But when I had considered , it was more Kindness in me than Prudence ; for I might as reasonably have wept that my Friend was born no sooner , as that he should live no longer . SECT . 13. STudy not only to preserve your Estate , but justly to increase it : Mony is the Heir of Fortune , and the Lord Paramount of the World. Riches are the Keys to Greatness , and make the access to Honour more easie and open . A Man without Money is like a Wall without a Cross , for every Man to draw upon , El senner dinero par un gran Cavallero . It 's storied , That a Noble Man of Venice made his Address to Cosmo de Medicis Duke of Florence , and signified to him that he understood his Highness had the Philosophers Stone , and desired to see it . It 's true , saith the Duke , but my Elixir is this , Never to do that by another which I can do my self ; Not to do that to morrow , which I can do to day : Not to neglect the least things . The Venetian thanked his Highness , and took his leave of him ; and by the Observation hereof became the wisest and the Richest man in Venice . If you purpose to be Rich and Wise take this Elixir . I know a generous Man least regards Money , but when he hath it not , he wanteth it most ; and the most Excellent Person without an Estate , is like a Ship well rigged , but cannot sail for want of Wind : If your Estate be but small , come seldom into Company ; but when you do , let your Mony go freely . Have a care you do not imitate his Fortune , who labouring to buoy up a sunk Ship of anothers , bulged his own Vessel . Those Men which have wasted their own Estates will help you to consume yours . These are like the Fox in the Fable , who having lost his Tail , perswaded others to cut off theirs as troublesome . I have read there was a Goddess fasten'd to an Oak in a Grove , who for a long time had many Worshippers ; but when the Tree was ready to fall , none would come within the Shadow of her Statue . Love and Respect are rarely found in lost Fortunes , and Adversity seldom meets with the returns of Friendship . The World hath no Kindness or Affection but Interest ; and though you have many persons allied to you , yet you will find them most a-kin to their own Interest . And Charity , though a Saint , is yet without an Altar in the World ; you will meet with many Men , which have much of the Heliotrope in them , which open in the Sun-shine of Prosperity ; but towards the Night of Adversity , or in stormy seasons , shut and contract themselves . And believe me , none will be so severe Enemies to you in Adversity , as those , that in Prosperity have been your Friends . SECT . 14. I Am not by my Constellation destinated to be rich , neither do I much care ; for the more a man hath , the more he wanteth . And Riches were to be sought after above all things , if they brought Content as well as Content bring them ; if they be for real uses , then it followeth , he who hath not need of so many things as another , is richest of the two ; and be assured , he who needeth least , is most like God. External Fortunes may befal the unworthiest persons , but a Man 's own solid worth is that which begets him glory . Nobility and Riches are reputed to make Men happy , yet deserve not much to be commended , being derived from others . Vertue and Integrity , as of themselves they are lovely , so do they also give a singular lustre to the most Excellent Person . Crassus accounted him a Rich Man , who had an Estate to maintain an Army ; but he that hath an Estate to maintain an Army , had need have an Army to keep his Estate . Get all the Possessions of the Earth , yet if you measure your own shaddow ( as Archidamus told Philip of Macedon ) he should not find it longer than before . Bias made himself rich , by abandoning his Goods ; and his Omnia mea mecum porto , hath raised him a glorious Pyramid of Honour to all Posterity . The Rich Man lives happily , so long as he useth his Riches temperately ; and the Poor Man who patiently endureth his wants is rich enough . Methinks when I see a poor Man drink out of his Hand , I could with Diogenes , throw away my Dish . And many times wish with Crates , that the Stones were Bread , as well as the Water Drink , that we might have a certain Provision by Nature . What is beyond that which is purely necessary to me , is useless : If my Cloathes be sufficient to defend me from Heat and Cold , or my House from Wind and Rain , I expect no more : If I find any thing beyond , I can behave my self with indifferency . I value not the Treasures of the Samnites , or the Delicasies of Apicius : Neither would I ( if it were in my power ) with Dyonisius the Sicilian , reward those who could invent any new pleasure . I am not ambitious with Scipio to be Magnus , or with Fabius to be Maxim●● ; Nor do I affect great Riches or Honours , but look upon them as pretty little Toys and Nuts , which Fortune throws out to men , just as we do to little Children ; pleasing my self with tasting now and then one , which some accident hath slung even to me , too , whilest that others are struggling and contending who shall get the most . I am not much delighted with the Regalio's or Gaiety of the World : I can do by them , as Princes do by great Banquets , look on them , and touch them , and so away : There was no Magick in that Beautiful Face of Darius's Lady , which could have inchanted me ; neither could the Eyes of Cleopatra have triumphed over the powers of my Soul , as they did over Caesar and Anthony ; for this I am beholden to my Stars ; Saturn was Ascendent in my Nativity ; I am but slow and dull : yet I can say at any time with a good heart that Verse which Cleanthes hath made famous . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Quocunque voles Jupiter , me ducito , tuque necessitas . For a Wilderness to me is as pleasant , as the Land of Promise , my Mind can find a Hermitage every where ; and in the most numerous Assemblies of Men in the greatest Cities , I very frequently find my self in a Desart . When I hear the Nightingale singing in a Wood ( where I often retire ) I do envy her happiness , because she is perched on the Pinacle of her highest Felicity ; free from Care and Toil , and entertaining her self , in her Solitudes , with her own Musick and Warbling Notes . Of all persons I look upon them to be happy , who have their Estates in their own hands ( I mean Labourers ) for as they never gain much , so they are sure never to want but little . However let me advise you , to make use of your Estate while you live ; for when you die , you shall leave it to the greatest Enemies you have , who wished your Death when you were living . And when you are dead , you are no more concerned in that you shall leave behind you , then you were in that which was before you were born ; therefore get well to live , and then study to live well . SECT . 15. IF you design to your self happiness and an improvement of your Estate , let me advise you to avoid Suits in Law ; if you engage in any , you put your self into a House of Correction ; where you must labour stoutly to pay your Fees. If the Case shall go for you , there are those who will tell you , That Victory is a fair Game , but you must give them leave to divide the Stakes . If it shall be your misfortune to engage in any , have a care of a rich Fool ; for there is nothing more dangerous , as to mischief , than a rich obstinate Fool , in the hands of a Cunning Knave . There were two Lawyers very passionately pleading their Clients Case , to their great satisfaction ; when the Case was done , the Lawyers came out of the Court , and hugged each other ; the Clients much admiring their Behaviour , one of them asked his Lawyer , How they could be Friends so soon ? Tush Man , faith the Lawyer , we were never Foes ; for we Lawyers are like a Pair of Sheers , if you open them , and then pull them down ; they seem to cut one another ; but they only cut that which cometh between them . You remember the Epilogue of the Vulture , sitting upon a Tree to see the Lion and the Bear fight , and to make prey of him which fell first ; have you a care you do not make the Moral . I speak not this to reflect upon that Honourable Profession , to which I shall ever pay the greatest Tribute of my Service . I know there are many excellent Persons towards the Law , if it be your Fortune to meet with them . But you will be sure at every Market in the Countrey , to find some Fairies , Elves , and little Spirits , with Hawking Bags or Snapsacks by their sides , wherein they have their Familiars ; some with Green Coats , others with Yellow Vests , which they send forth to the disquiet of good Men , as Aeolus did the Winds , which he had gotten into his Bottle , to the Disturbance of the World. Certainly these Elves are much of the Nature of the Ant , very good for themselves , but exceeding pernicious in the Garden of a Common Wealth . If ever you should flie to these for succour , as the Sheep do to the Bushes , in a Storm , you will be sure to leave a good part of your Coat behind you . These , like a Quartane Ague , will never leave you , as long as any humour be left in you ; and if you shall have need to make use of them , they will stirr no more without their Fee , than a Hawk without a Lure . My Advice to you is , that you seriously imploy your self in the Study of the Laws of this Nation ( being the most excellent for their Justice and Wisdom ) if not to practise the Law , yet to gain so much knowledge therein , as to defend your self and estate from the Robbin-good-fellows of it . If you be not so disposed , you must lay up one third part of your Estate to preserve the other two , or else you will be assuredly undone . SECT . 16. NExt Suits in Law ( which are but jactus aleae ) avoid Gameing ; it hath no satisfaction in it , beside a sordid coveting of that which is anothers , or a prodigality of that which is your own : It 's a Madness beyond the cure of Hellebore , to cast a Die whether your Estate shall be your own or not , if you have not a care ( I can without an Augure tell what will be your Fate ) this like a Quick-sand , will swallow you up in a moment ; and Goods which are so gotten , are like Pyramides of Snow , which melt away and are dissolved with the same ill Husbandry that did beget them ; and believe me , you will find it more chargeable to you than the Seven Deadly Sins . Remember that one Crown in your Purse will do you more honour than ten spent . SECT . 17. THere is one step more to make your Life comfortable , and to advance your Fortune , and that is , well to dispose of your self in Marriage ; certainly a business which requireth grave consideration . Ride not post for your Match , if you do , you may in the period of your journey , take Sorrow for your Inn , and make Repentance your Host . If you marry , espouse a Vertuous person ; a Celebrated Beauty , like a Fair , will draw Chapmen from all parts . Never marry so much for a great Living as a good Life ; yet a fair Wife without a Portion , is like a Brave House without Furniture , you may please your self with the Prospect , but there 's nothing within to keep you warm . Be sure you love her Person better than her Estate ; for he who marrieth where he doth not love , will be sure to love where he doth not marry . Remember there 's a great difference between a Portion and a Fortune with your Wise : If she be not Vertuous , let her Portion be never so great , she is no Fortune to you . But if you be able to live of your self , and out of Debt , and design to Marry , have a care you make not too great a Joynture out of your Lands ; especially if you have Children by a former Wife : If you do , it will be more Fatal and Calamitous to your Family than any Debt . If you have Children , it 's better to leave them a Competent Estate with a Profession , than great Riches without it ; for in the one there is a place for Industry , but the other , like a Lure , will bring all Birds of Prey to devour them . Have a regard to a good Bishop to satisfie your Conscience ; for an Honest Lawyer to settle your Estate ; and marry into a good Family , to keep your Interest . Chuse such a Wife as may sympathise with you in your Afflictions ; for Marriage is just like a Sea Voyage , he that enters into this Ship , must look to meet with Storms and Tempests . Methinks the Zeal of that Priest did trespass upon his Discretion , when in a Wedding Sermon he much commended Marriage , but compared the Women to a Grave . For as every Grave ( saith he ) hath a Hic jacet , so when you come to marry , Hic jacet the Wisdom of Solomon , Hic jacet the Valour of David ; Hic jacet the Strength of Sampson . I must confess , I ever had a Noble Affection for that Excellent Sex , as great Instruments of good , and the prettinesses of Society ; and ever thought , that of all Follies in Man , there is none more excusable than that of Love ; but I find by my self that Passion will grow old , and wear out in time . SECT . 18. VVHen You come upon the Stage of Action , as it 's your Duty , so it will be your Glory , to deal justly with all Persons . Clear and round Dealing is the Honour of Man's Nature : Hate nothing but what is dishonest : Fear nothing but what is ignoble , and love nothing but what is just and honourable . To stoop to any sordid low action , is to imitate the Kite , which flieth high in the Air , yet vouchsafes to condescend to Carrion upon the Ground . Do Injury to none , for by so doing you do but teach others to injure you . Innocency will be your best Guard , and your Integrity will be a Coat of Mail unto you . It 's less difficult and more safe , to keep the way of Honesty and Justice , than to turn away from it ; yet commonly our Passions lead us into By-paths . And be assured , He that in any one Affair relinquisheth Honesty , banisheth all Shame in succeeding Actions ; and certainly no Vice covereth a Man with so much Shame , as to be found false or unjust . Whatsoever I act , I endeavour to do it , as if it were my last act ; and therefore I do it with Care and Integrity ; I think on no longer Life , than that which is now present . I forget all that is past , and for the future ( with a humble submission ) I refer my self to providence : What others shall say or think of me , or shall act against me , I do not so much as trouble my Thoughts with it . I fear nothing , I desire nothing , I admire nothing : Yet I do even reverence my self , when I have done a Just and Vertuous Action : But to inrich my self by any sordid means , I dare not ; for in so doing , I distrust Providence , and be come an Atheist . Keep touch in lesser Matters , not to deceive in greater , but the better to dispose your self to perform things of Weight and moment : A Promise is a just Debt , which you must take care to pay , for Honour and Honesty are the Security . Borrow before you have need , and pay before the time you promised ; it will gain you Credit : Breaking your Faith may gain you Riches , but never get you Glory . It was well said by Monsieur D' Georgius a French Captain , who having burnt many of the Churches of the Spaniards in Florida , and being asked , Why he did so ? Told them , That they which had no Faith , needed no Churches . Before you act , it 's Prudence soberly to consider ; for after Action you cannot recede without dishonour : Take the Advice of some Prudent Friend ; for he who will be his own Councellour , shall be sure to have a Fool for his Client . Resolutions are the Moulds wherein Actions are cast ; if they be taken with over-much haste or too mueh affection , seldom do they receive good success . When you have fully resolved what course to take in any Action , you must not after repent , or fear any difficulty ; for such things will lessen the Gallantry of your Mind . And although some Difficulties do happen to arise , yet you must believe that every other Course would have been accompanied with the same or greater Impediments ; yet many times it 's more Prudence to follow the Direction of a present good Fortune , than the first Resolutions . In the Conduct of Affairs , you may shew a Brave Spirit in going on , but your Wisdom will most appear in securing your retreat , and how to come off ; for there is such incertainty in all Humane Affairs , that that Course to me seemeth best , which hath most passages out of it . Therefore it was well observed by one , that the Turks , who made an Expedition into Persia , and because of the Streight Jaws of the Mountains of Armenia , the Bashaws consulted which way they should get in ; one that heard the Debate , said , Here is much ado how we shall get in , but I hear no body take care how we shall get out . SECT . 19. IN Business be active and industrious , for many Men of large Abilities , relying wholly upon their Wit , and neglecting the use of ordinary Means , suffer others , less able , but more active and industrious , to go beyond them . Diligence alone is a fair Fortune , and Industry a good Estate . Idleness doth waste a Man as insensibly as Industry doth improve him . Chi ha arte , ha parte , chi non corre non ha il pallio . Aesop's Fisher could catch no Fish by his playing upon his Flute , but was necessitated , to preserve his being , to cast his Nets and his Tackling into the River . And you may observe , That in Heaven , the Moving Planets are of much greater Consideration than those that are fixt and do not stir at all . If Success of Business doth not at first answer your expectation , let no Fumes of Melancholy possess you ; use other Expedients and Addresses : For he that constantly makes head against the Assaults of Fortune , shall be sure to be Victorious and attain his Ends. Every Thing hath two Handles , if the one proves hot and not to be touched , you may take the other , that is more temperate . Howsoever , in doing Business apply your Thoughts and Mind seriously to it , but be not too eager , nor passionately ingage your Affections in it ; nor promise your self Success : By this means you will have your Understanding clear , and not be disturbed if you miscarry ; which you must make account will often happen to you . When a Business may turn to disadvantage , it will be your Wisdom to temporize and delay , and get what time you can by deferring ; because time may occasion some accident which may remove the danger . But if it be for your advantage , Delays are dangerous , and you must act with secrecy and celerity , which are the two Wheels , upon which all great Actions move . The Noblest Designs are like a Myne , if discovered , prove ineffectual . And to spend that time in a grave gaze on Business , which might serve for a speedy Dispatch of it , is to imitate that Musician , who spent so much time in the Tuning his Instrument , that he had none left to exercise his Musick . If the Matter you undertake be doubtful , warrant your own Diligence , but keep no Office of Assurance to warrant the Success : Remember the Italian makes it part of the Character of an Englishman , when he is to undertake any thing , presently he saith I 'll warrant you , but when he misseth of his Undertaking , he saith , Who would have thought it ? However use Circumspection in all your Actions , for he who intendeth what he doth is most likely to do what he intends : Half doing in any thing , is worse than no doing ; and a middle course in case of Extremity , of all is the worst . It was Excellent Advice of Tiberius Caesar , Non omittere caput rerum , neque te in casum dare : Follow safe Courses by Reason rather than happy by Chance . Yet some things must be ventured , and many things which exceed the Prudence of Man , are often by Fortune disposed to the best . Certain it is , That he who will commit nothing to Fortune , nor undertake any Enterprize , whose Event appeareth not Infallible , may escape many Dangers by his wary Conduct , but will fail of as many Successes by his unactive Fearfulness . All that a Wise Man therefore can do , is to attempt with Prudence , pursue with Hope , and support intervening Accidents with Patience . SECT . 20. IT will be great Prudence in you , rightly to take hold on Opportunities , for Opportunity admits of no other Game ; and those that have lost their first Hopes , any thing that is future seems best . In management of Affairs stand not upon niceties and punctilioes of Honour , but by fair Compliance gain your ends : Heat and Precipitation are ever fatal to all Businesses ; a sober Patience and a wise Condiscention , do many times effect that which Rashness and Choler will certainly ruin and undoe . Keep Formality above Board , but Prudence and Wisdom under Deck ; for nothing will give a greater stop or remora to your Affairs , than to be esteemed Wise by them with whom you are to Deal ; it will beget Jealousies in them , and your Wisdom will be but as an Alarm to them never to come unprovided , when they have any concern with you . If you are to negotiate a matter with any Persons , observe their Temper , and ( as far as Prudence and Discretion will give leave ) comply with their Humour ; suffer them to speak their Pleasure freely , rather than interrupt them ; provoke them to speak , for they will out of Ignorance or Inexperience , let fall something which may be for your advantage . Give fair Words , and make large Promises , for they are the most powerful Engines to work your Ends. Converse with all Men as Christians , but if you have to do with any Stranger , look upon him as one that may be unjust ( it's severe but it will be your own safety ) if he proves otherwise , he doth but fail your expectation ; for believe me ( and I have found it to my cost ) nothing will undo you more than to rely too much upon the Honesty of other men . And if possible order your affairs so , that he with whom you are to deal , perform first , when that is done , if you be deceived , you may thank your self . If at any time you shall be overmuch pressed to do any thing hastily , be careful , Fraud and Deceit are always in haste : Diffidence is the right Eye of Prudence , Cavendo tutus . In all great Actions take many ( if you please ) to your Assistance , but few to your Trust . When you have a present good in prospect , which may turn to Advantage , decline it not by the importunity of others , if you do , you will make work for Repentance ; let the Business of the World be your Circumference , but your self the Center . If you meet with a Person that is more Compliant or Officious unto you than usual , have a care , for he hath some design upon you ; and he either hath or doth intend to deceive you . Never put your self into the power of any Person how he will deal with you ; if you come to depend upon the Charity of others , you are undone ; therefore always stand upon your guard . SECT . 21 KEep an exact Diary of all your Actions , and the most memorable Passages you hear or meet with . And if in the conduct of your Affairs you have been deceived by others , or have committed any Error your self , it will be Discretion in you to observe and note the same , and the Defailance , and the Means or Expedients to repair it ; it will make you more Prudent and wary for the future . For let me tell you , No Man is truly Wise but he who hath been deceived ; and your own Errors will teach you more Prudence than the grave Precepts or Examples of others . At a time there was a great Contest between Folly and Prudence which should have the Precedence ; the Difference grew so high , that they agreed to refer it to Jupiter , who hearing what could be said on both sides , at the last gave this Judgment , That folly should go before , and Prudence follow after . Let all your Observations and Remarks be committed to Writing every Night , before you Sleep , and so in a short time you will have a Dictionary of Prudence and Experience of your own making . For Wise Men now begin , not to be content to inhabit the World only , but to understand it too . SECT . 22. IT will be great Prudence in you well to study the Art of Complacency , certainly an Art of excellent use in the conduct of Affairs . For there are so many Circumstances in the way to an Estate or Greatness , that a Morose or Peremptory Man , rarely attains either . Make Sail while the Gale Blows ; follow the Current whilst the Stream is most strong ; for if Fortune be followed , as the first doth fall out , the rest will commonly follow . Never violently oppose your self against the torrent of the times you live in , thereby to hazard your Fame or Fortune ; but by fair Compliance attain your safety . Plato compares a Wise Man to a good Gamester , which doth accommodate his Play to the Chance of the Die. So should a Wise Man accommodate the Course of his Life to the Occasions which do often require new Deliberations . You must imitate M. Portius Cato , who was of such a Temper , that he could fashion himself to all Occasions ; as if he were never out of his Element . A Wise Pilot always turns his Sails according to the Wind. Be not singular but observe the Humour and Genius of the times ; for he that with the Camelion cannot change Colour with the Air he lives in , must with the Camelion be content to live only on the Air. I must confess I am by the Malignity of my Stars , very Morose and Tart ; I cannot asservile my self to the Humour of other Men ; I cannot with Anaxagoras maintain Snow to be Black , nor with Favorinus a Quartan Ague to be a very good thing ; but must appear without any Disguise , and declare my Judgment according to my own Sentiments . I have no Sol in me , nor am I Ductile ; I cannot mould my self Platonically to the Worlds Idea : I had rather lose my Head than stoop to any low and un-becoming Action . In my Solitudes , I can bless my self when I contemplate the Felicity that my Ashes will meet with in the Urn. SECT . 23. HE that in a Wicked Age will endeavour to do that which ought to be done , or to study to be truly Vertuous and Just ( which I wish you ever to be ) will thereby hazard his Fortune and his Safety , and believe me , more Men are undone for their Vertues than for their Vices , and a good Man is more in danger than a bad . A Plebian moved in the Senate of Athens to have Aristides banished ; being asked what displeasure Aristides had done him , he replied , None , neither do I know him , but it grieves me to hear every body call him a just man. Theodorus , the Patriarch , was scoffed at by the Grecian Court , as an Antick for using Goodness when it was out of fashion , and adjudged Impudent for being Vertuous by himself . In elder story it passed for an Oracle of Prudence , that Honesty was the best Policy , but in Modern practice you will find that policy is the best Honesty : To deal justly looks like a piece of Knighterranty , and a good Man is but Apuleus . Vertue and Integrity when inversed Men were Good and Innocent , were great Securities , but in a depraved State they are but as traps to ensnare those who do profess them . But if it shall be your infelicity to live in bad times ( as I wish you the best ) I hope you may be the better for them by an Antiperistasis . If the times be perilous , you must as a discreet Pilot , play with the Waves which may indanger you ; and by giving way thereunto avoid the hazard : So the Tempest may shake , but not rend your Sails . In all Factions carry your self with moderation , and so you may make use of them all . And herein Pompontus Atticus was so happy , that all Factions loved him , and studied to do him kindness , and in the midst of them lived in Peace and Prosperity . Factions in State never long hold their ground , for if they be not suppressed by the power of the State , they will be ruined by some Distempers rising in their own Party . But in Popular Commotions , if you stand Neutral , you will be sure to run the fortune of the Bat , to be picked by the Birds , and to be bitten by the Mice . I am of that boon Courage , that I had rather be devoured by a Lion than stung to death by Flies . Neither can I suit my self with those Persons who act for their advantage , like the Bird whereof Leo Affricanus makes mention , which when the King of Birds demanded Tribute would always rank himself amongst Fish , and when the King of Fishes required his Service , would be always with the Birds . But if any signal infelicity shall happen to fall upon you , the only way is , not to sit still , but to resolve upon action ; for so long as nothing is done , the same accidents which caused your misfortune do still remain ; but if you act something , you may deliver your self : However you express a brave Spirit , that you durst attempt it . But that which is out of your power let it be out of your ear : you may if you think fit , give your self much trouble , but leave God to govern the World as himself pleaseth . If you will live comfortably , let God alone with his Providence , and Men with their Rights . SECT . 24. IF you aim at advancement , be sure you have Jovem in Arca , otherwise your flight to Preferment will be but slow without some Golden Feathers . You must study to enworthy your self into the favour of some great Person , upon whom you must lean rather than upon your own Vertues ; if not , you will be like a Hop without a Pole , for every one to tread upon . Though Vertue be a Patient for Honour , and Preferments ought to be an encouragement for Worth. Yet in the Epoche and Account of Times , we have observed that Men of the greatest Abilities are on Design supprest ; and they deal with Persons of the best Accomplishment as the Birds in Plutarch did , who beat the Jay for fear in time she might become an Eagle . And it hath been the unhappy sate of many Vertuous Persons , who like the Axe after it hath hewed out the hard Timber , to be hanged up against the Wall unregarded ; or like a Top which hath been for a long time scourged and run well , yet at last to be lodged up for a Hobler . But methinks it 's great pity to see the Courtain drawn between a Vertuous Person and Preferment . Yet I cannot with Carneades maintain that Injustice is to be preferred before Justice ; or that it 's better to be a Knave than a Vertuous Honest Man. But many times I am under such a Paroxism , that I am almost induced to think that it 's better to be Fortunate than Wise or Just , and cannot but with Brutus cry out , virtus colui te ut rem , at tu nomen es inane . Therefore if you design to rise and become great , I would not advise you to accomplish your self overmuch , or study to be very Learned or Wise ; for I have observed that Wisdom many times gives a check to Confidence , which is the Scale and Rundle by which many climb up to the Pinacle ; and I find by experience , that under Heads and narrow Souls by Industry , accompanied with Ambition and Covetousness , work Wonders , and do the Business of the World. A little good Fortune is better than a great deal of Vertue ; and the least Authority hath advantage over the greatest Wit. SECT . 25. BUt let nothing disquiet you , a Vertuous Person will at one time or another be thought good for something ; and a Wise Man will once in an Age come in fashion . I am much pleasd with the Remarks of Themistocles upon the Atheneans , who resembled himself to a Plane-tree , the Leaves and Boughs whereof Men break off in fair Weather , and run under it for shelter in a Storm . You must know that Honours and Preferments are rarely the reward of Vertue , but the Issue of Pleasure or Interest : Is it not strange to observe a Person raised to the Dignity of a Constable of France , for having taught Magpies to fly at Sparrows . To what Grandeur do you think such another Person as Domitian , if he had lived in that Princes time , would have advanced himself unto who was so excellent at catching of Flies ? But let Honour be your Merit , not your Expectation ; and attain to Preferment , not by Winding Stairs but by the Scale of your own Vertues : If you miss of it , you must be content ; there is a Reward for all things but for Vertue . And it 's sometimes a greater Honour to fail of the Reward of Merit , than to receive it ; the glory and highest recompence of Noble Actions , is to have done them ; and Vertue out of it self , can find no Retribution worthy of her . SECT . 26. BEware of Ambition ( that over-rides without Reins ) lest you catch a Fall. God gives Wings to the Ant , that she may destroy her self the sooner . And many Men , like sealed Doves , they study to rise higher and higher , they know not whither , little considering that when they are mounted to the Solstice of their Greatness , every step they set is paved with Fate , and their Fall , how gentle soever , will never suffer them to rise again . Let it be your Ambition to be Wise , and your Wisdom to be Good : Reject Opinion , and you are like a Ship in the Harbour safe : It 's the unhappiness of many Men , to covet the greatest things , but not to enjoy the least . The Desire of that which we neither have nor need , takes from us the true use and fruition of that we have already . A Wise Man , like Empedocles Sphere , is round , and all like it self . That which a Sober Man hath to do in this World , is to make his life comfortable . Ever think , it 's the best living in the Temperate Zone , between nec splendide nec misere . If Heaven shall vouchsafe me such a Blessing , that I may enjoy a Groat or a Mole-hill with content , I can look upon all the great Kingdoms of the Earth , as so many little Birds Nests . And I can in such a Territory prune my self , as much as Alexander did , when he fancied the whole World to be one great City ; and his Camp the Castle of it . If I were advanced to the Zenith of Honour , I am at the best but a Porter , constellated to carry up and down the World a vile Carcass : I confess my Mind ( the Nobler Part of Me ) now and then takes a Walk in the large Campagne of Heaven , and there I contemplate the Universe , the Mysterious Concatenation of Causes , and the Stupendious Efforts of the Almighty : In Consideration whereof I can chearfully bid adieu to the World. Depone hoc apud te , nunquam plus agere sapientem , quam cum in conspectu ejus divina atque Humana venerunt . You will find by Experience ( which is the best Looking-glass of Wisdom ) that a Private Life is not only more pleasant , but more happy than any Princely State. I can easily believe , That Dioclesian after his Retreat from the Empire , took more content in exercising the Trade of a Gardiner in Salona , than in being Emperour of Rome ; for when Maximianus Herculius went to him to resume the Empire ( which he had with much felicity governed for twenty years ) he returned this Answer , That if he would come unto Salona , and observe the rare Productions of Nature , and see how well the Coleworts which he had planted with his own hands did thrive and prosper , he would never trouble his Head with Crowns , nor his Hands with Scepters . And sometimes I think , that Dyonisius took as great pleasure in commanding his Scholars in Corinth , as in reigning over Syracuse . This made Scipio , after he had raised Rome to be the Metropolis of almost the whole World , by a voluntrary Exile to retire himself from it ; and at a private House in the middle of a Wood near Linternum , to pass the remainder of his glorious Life , no less gloriously . The tallest Trees are weakest in the tops , and Envy always aimeth at the Highest . Those who have been bad , their own Infelicity praecipitates their Fate ; if good , their Merits have been their ruin . If they have been fortunate abroad , they have been undone at home by Fears and Jealousies . If unsuccessful , the Capricio's of Fortune , are counted their Miscarriages , and their Unhappinesses esteemed for Crimes . Howsoever a Vertuous Honest Man ( as I wish you ever to be ) though his Bark be split , yet he saves his Cargo , and hath something left towards his setting up again . But if it be your Fortune to rise and become a Favourite to a great Person , as you may have some hopes in Eutopia ; for I have heard Men are advanced there for their Merit and Worth. You must understand there are many Doors which open to Preferment , but the Prince keepeth the Keys of them all . Therefore be sure to study well the Alphabet of his Humour ; and observe his Inclinations , as the Astronomers do the Planet Dominant , and the Mariners the North Star. For Great Persons accompt them the Wisest Men , that can best suit themselves to their Humour ; and usually they tye their Affections no further than their own Satisfaction ; and to deal truly with you , the life of those who wait upon great Persons is nothing but the Art of Fencing . He that on the right or left hit their Humour , win and partake of their Bounty , but not he that useth much Skill . Therefore as Princes have Arts to govern Kingdoms , so Favourites must have Arts by which they must govern their Prince . Desire not to monopolize his Ear , for his Misadventures will be imputed to you ; and what is well done , will be ascribed to himself . Too great Services will be oversights and weakness in you ; that Merit to which Reward may easily reach , doth ever best . To study the Humour of a Prince may for the present advance , but to understand the Interest of his Kingdom , is alwayes secure . He that serves a Princes private Interest is great for a time , but he is always so who is careful of the publick good . Be ready to give an account , if required , of all your Transactions : for he is like Gold which hath too much allay that feareth the touch . SECT . 27. IN all your Deportments be humble and of easie access ; a Favourite is like Coin , to which Vertue may give the Stamp , but it 's Humility must give the Weight . A high Fortune , like great Buildings , must have low Foundations . Pride doth ill become any Person , and though no Man be thereby injured , yet it doth move in others an offence ; for none can indure an excessive Fortune any where so ill , as in those who have been in an equal degree to themselves . You must be Minimus in summo , like the Orient Stars , the higher they are the less they appear ; Honoris bonum sine clavi & sera ; It 's like the Rose , which in the Evening makes its Tomb of the Scarlet , which in the Morning it made its Cradle : To be proud of Knowledge is to be blind with Light ; to be proud of Vertue is to poison your self with the Antidote ; to be proud of Authority is to make you raise your Downfal . A Country Man in Spain coming to an Image enshrined , the first making whereof he could well remember , and not finding that respectful Usage which he expected , You need not ( quoth he ) be so proud , for we have known you from a Plum-tree : Have a care you do not find the Mythology in your self . To be humble to Superiors is Duty , to Equals Courtesie , to Inferiors Nobleness , to all Safety . Be careful not to exasperate any Sect of Religion ; Rigor seldom makes ill Christians better , but many times it makes them reserved Hypocrites : Zeal doth well in a private Breast , and Moderation in a publique State. Never do that in Prosperity , whereof you may repent in Adversity . Ever think Goodness the best part of Greatness ; when Honour and Vertue are in Conjunction , it 's a noble Aspect , and Jupiter is Lord of that Ascendent . But greatness without Goodness , is like the Colossus of Rhodes , not so much to be admired for its Workmanship , as its huge Bulk ; therefore make Goodness like a Diamond set in Gold , a support to Greatness . Greatness may build the Tomb , but it 's Goodness must make the Epitaph . SECT . 28. GIve things the right Colour , not varnishing them over with a false Glass : A Flatterer is a dangerous Flie in a State , yet they thrive and prosper better than the most worthy and brave Men do . I have much of the Genius of that Courtier in me , who being asked by Heliogabalus , How he durst be so plain ? Because I durst die , said he , I can but die if I am Faithful , and I must die if I Flatter . But I would advise you to have so much of the Persian Religion in you , as to Worship the rising Sun ; you must learn to translate into English , Neminem tristem demittere ; and when you cannot give Men satisfaction in that they desire , entertain them with fair Hopes ; Denials must be supplied with civil Usage , and though you cannot cure the Sore , yet your Prudence may abate the sense of it . If you have any Vertuous Design in projection , it 's Prudence before you come to Action , sometimes to give things out on purpose , to see how they will take ; by that means you will discover the Inclinations of the People ; if it hath no fair reception presently check it , and make no farther progress . If you desire that the Designs you labour with , may not prove Abortive , do not assign them a certain day of their Birth , but leave them to the Natural Productions of fit Time and Occasions ; like those curious Artists in China , who temper the mould this day , of which a Vessel may be made a hundred years hence . If you have Enemies , as you must expect many , being great in your Masters Favour , the better to establish your self , is privately to give out false Libels and Reports , tending to your own Disgrace ; your Enemies like Powder will fire at the first touch , and then you know what you have to do : And to deal plainly with you , the greatness of one Man is nothing but the ruine of others , and their Weakness will be your Strength . SECT . 29. BUt if any Pasquils or Libels shall be vented against you by others ( as the most excellent Persons many times are insested with them ) it 's more Prudence to bury them in their own Ashes , than by confuting of them , to give them new Flames ; for Libels neglected will presently find a Grave . But let me tell you , As false Rumors and Libels are not always to be credited , so are they not always to be condemned ; it being no less vain to fear all things , than dangerous to doubt of nothing . And we have Learned by Experience , that Libels and Pasquils ( the only weapons of some unhappy Persons ) have been proemial to the Ruin and Destruction of the bravest Men. You must be careful to keep an Ephemerides , to know how the great Orbes of the Court move ; and if any new Star shall arise out of the East , and Men begin to worship it , you must study either to eclipse or suppress it ; therefore it will be prudence to cut off all steps by which others may ascend to height or grandeur , for if you leave any stairs standing others will climb up . And I must tell you , it 's more safe at Court to have many Enemies of equal Power , than one false and ambitious Friend who hath absolute Command . But in case any shall get up , you must by your Sagacity remove him out of the way , under pretence of some honourable Employment or otherwise ; when that is done , you know how Augustus Caesar dealt with Mark Anthony when he got him from Rome into Aegypt . It hath been the practice of some , like the Fox , to thrust out the Badger that digged and made room for him , but this must be left to your Discretion . In all Business ever pretend the publick good , that will make you popular , and so you may with more safety and security drive on your own private Interest ; and let me advise you to be so faithful a Servant to your Master , that whatsoever you do your self , you suffer no others to deceive him . Study what you can to partake of his Bounty , the more you obtain from him the greater is your security ; for he will look upon you as his Creature and by him raised , and so will endeavour to preserve you ; but if you propose any thing which you are afraid will hardly be accepted or granted , offer it by parcels , that one piece may be digested before the other be presented . In all your Negotiations you must have an indiscernable way of Intelligence , as Angels have of Communication : Gyges's Ring will be of great use unto you , for he observeth best , who is least observed himself . And if you design your own safety ever speak Truth , for you will never be believed ; and by this means your truth will secure you if questioned , and put those you deal with ( who will still hunt counter ) to a great loss in all undertakings . It will be Prudence in you to oppose in Council all Resolutions as to Business of Importance in Dubious Matters ; if the thing designed succeed well , your advice will never come in question , if ill ( whereunto great undertakings are subject ) you may make advantage , by remembring your own Counsel . But in great Concerns it will be your Wisdom not to rest in the dull Counsels of what is lawful , but to proceed to quick Resolutions of what is safe . Admit none to be of your Cabal but such as have their Fortunes solely depending upon you . In dangerous Attempts put others before you to Act , but ever keep your self behind the Curtain . In doubtful Matters you must be always provided with some cunning Stratagems , either to baffle your Enemies , or else to secure your self and your own party . If by Wisdom you cannot attain your Ends , use Argenta tela , they never fail ; for Virtutem & sapientiam vincut , Testudines : And as Men have a Touch-stone to try Gold , so Gold is the Touch-stone to try Men. SECT . 30. I Have hinted these unto you , not that you should act any thing against Honour , or the Dignity of your Religion . Prudence is an Armory , wherein are as well Defensive as Offensive Weapons ; of the first you may make use of upon all Occasions , but of the other only upon Necessity . We know that the Apocrypha is allowed to be digested into one Volumn with the Sacred Word , and read together with it , but where it thwarts that which is Canonical , it 's to be laid aside . Policy and Religion , as they do well together , so they do as ill asunder ; the one being too cunning to be Good , the other too simple to be Safe , therefore some few Scruples of the Wisdom of the Serpent , mixt with the Innocency of the Dove , will be an excellent Ingredient in all your Actions . SECT . 31. BUt I have stained too much Paper ▪ I must with Apelles Manum de Tabula ; if you be mounted on the Pyramid of Honour , you must know it hath but one Point , and the least Step may hazard your Fall. If you should chance to lose your self in the Empire of Greatness , return to your own Solitudes and Privacy , and there you may find your self again . Let no condition surprize you , and then you cannot be afflicted in any : A noble Spirit must not vary with his Fortune ; there is no Condition so low but may have Hopes , nor any so high that is out of the reach of Fears . In your worst estate hope , in the best fear , but in all be circumspect ; Man is a Watch which must be looked too and wound up every day . It no less becometh the worthiest Persons to oppose Misfortunes , than it doth the weakest Children to bewail them . It 's the temper of a brave Soul always to hope ; Adversities are born with greater Glory than deserted : For such are the Comforts of unhappy Vertues and innocent Souls . It was a rare temper of Eumenes , whose Courage no Adversity ever lessened , nor Prosperity his Circumspection . One month in the School of Affliction will teach you more , than the grave Precepts of Aristotle in seven years ; for you can never judge rightly of Humane Affairs , unless you have first felt the blows and deceits of Fortune . SECT . 32. I Am not ( I bless my Stars ) disturbed at any thing , neither doth Passion disquiet me : I hate nothing except it be Hatred it self ; and I am no more troubled for the want of any thing I have not , than I am because I am not the Sophy of Persia , or the Grand Signiour : He is a happy man that can have what he will , and that I profess my self to be , because I will nothing but that I can have . I am much delighted with the pleasant humour of Thrasylus , and can in my own conceit make my self as rich as the Indies . I am a little World , and injoy all things within my own Sphere : Honour and Riches , which others do aspire unto , I do now possess and enjoy them in my self : Health is the temperate Zone of my Life ; and my Mind is the third Region in me ; there I have an Intellectual Globe , wherein all things subsist , and move according to my own Idea's . Doth any Man rob you of your Goods , consider that God by that Man takes back what he hath only lent you ; the thing you fore-saw is come to pass , and what should amaze you ? That which hath happened out , 't is but that which you have often seen and known . All things , by Nature , in the Universe , are subject to alteration and change : How ridiculous then is it , when any thing doth happen , to be disturbed , or wonder , as if some strange thing had happened ? I must own my self as a part of the Universe , and therefore cannot be displeased with any thing that happens to my particular share ; for nothing which is good to the whole , can be hurtful to that which is part of it . However Innocens sit Animus iniratâ fortunâ ; for Vertuous Persons , like the Sun , appear greatest at their setting : And the Patient induring of a necessary evil , is next unto a voluntary Martyrdom . Adversity overcome , is the highest Glory , and willingly undergone the greatest Vertue ; Sufferings are but the tryal and touch-stone of gallant Spirits . SECT . 33. ANd though you are fallen from your Princes Favour , yet you may be a Rex Stoicus , a King in our own Microcosme ; and he who knoweth how to rule that well , may despise a Crown : Thrones are but uneasie Seats , and Crowns nothing but splendid Miseries . A quel les Rey , que nunca vio Rey. The change of your Fortune may diminish your hopes , but it will increase your quiet ; you must understand that Favourites are but as Counters in the hands of great Persons ; raised and depressed in valuation at pleasure . There is no constancy either in the Favour of Fortune , or in the Affection of great Persons ; so that no wise Man can trust the one or depend safely upon the other . But whatsoever the Traverses of Fortune are , let no discontent surprize you ; if the thing be within your power , manage it to your content ; if not , it 's weakness in you to be disquieted . Do your best , that the best may happen out ; if that do not yet think it best : However it will be but Piety in you to submit to Divine Providence . A humble Soul , like a White Sheet , must be prepared to receive that which the hand of Heaven shall imprint upon it . Never antidate your own Misfortune , for many times Men make themselves more miserable than indeed they are ; and the Apprehension of Infelicity doth more afflict them , than the Infelicity it self . Hope will be your best Antidote against all misfortune , and Gods Omnipotency an excellent means to fix your Soul. If you be not so happy as you desire , it is well you are not so miserable as you deserve ; if things go not so well as you would they should have done , it 's well they are not so ill as they might have been . If you seriously consider , you have received more good than you have done , and done more evil than you have suffered . Measure not Life by the enjoyment of this World , but by the preparation it makes for a better , looking forward what you shall be , rather than backward what you have been : Believe me , he that anchoreth one thought upon any thing on this side Heaven , will be sure to be a loser in the end . To serve God , and keep his Commandments , is the onely Wisdom , and will at last , when the account of the World shall be cast up , be found to be the best Preferment and highest Happiness : And so farewell ; remember your Mortality and Eternal Life . Sententiae Stellares , OR Maximes of Prudence To be observed by ARTISONS of STATE . 1. THat Government is best tempered , where a few drams of fear are blended with the Peoples love . 2. It is the interest of Princes to make Acts of Grace , peculiarly their own ; because they which have commonly the Art to please the People , have commonly the power to raise them . 3. He who putteth off his Hat to the People , giveth his Head to the Prince ; for the immoderate Favour of the Multitude , as it can do a Man no good , so it will undo so many as shall trust to it . It was said of the Earl of Sussex , that he was grown so popular , that he was too dangerous for the times , and the times for him . 4. He that gives a Prince Counsel by his desires , sets Interest which cannot err , by Passions which may . 5. It may sometimes be the Interest of a Prince , not only to remove Grievances , by doing what is desired , but even Jealousies by doing something which is not expected : For when a Prince does more than his People looks for , he gives them reason to believe that he is not sorry for doing that they desired . 6. In popular Tumults many times nothing is more safe than speed , and greater advantages accrew by Expedition than Delays ; for while some are in fear , some in doubt , others ignorant , all may be reduced to the limits of Obedience ; and Fury when the first blast is spent , turns commonly to Fear ; and those Persons which are the Heads of Rebellion , whom the People honour and admire at first , are at last plentifully repayed with scorn and contempt . 7. When a Prince seeks the love of his Subjects , he shall find in them enough of fear ; but where he seeks their fear he loses their love . 8. Denial from Princes must be supplied with gratious usage , that though they cure not the Sore , yet they may abate the Sense of it ; but best it is that all Favours come directly from themselves , Denials and things of bitterness from their Ministers . Therefore if a Prince resolve not to answer a Request , the least offensive way is , not to use direct Denial , but by delays prolong the time ; and so in place of effect , afford good expectation . Henry the Fourth of France was so courteous , that when he would not answer a Petitioner , he always so obliged him with some good word , that he always went away satisfied . 9. The more a Prince weakneth himself by giving , the poorer he is of Friends . 10. Equal Authority with the same power , is ever fatal to all great Actions ; and therefore one wise General having but a thousand Men , is more to be feared than twenty of equal Authority ; for they are commonly of divers Humours , and judging diversly , do rarely what is to be done : And lose time before Resolutions can be taken . 11. Reward and Punishment justly laid , do ballance Government , but it much concerns a Prince , the hand to be equal that holds the Scale ; therefore if any Subject doth deserve never so highly of his Prince , if he becomes afterwards a Malefactor , he must be made an example of Justice , without regard of his former Merit . Manlius Capitolinus , though by Valour he had delivered the Capitol of Rome from the French , who beleaguered it ; yet afterwards growing seditious , was thrown down from the Capitol , which by his great Renown he had formerly delivered . 12. That Prince which scrues up the Pins of Power too high , will break the Strings of the Common-wealth . Wise Princes make use of their Prerogative , as God Almighty doth of his Omipotency , upon extraordinary occasions . 13. The Prince is the Pilot of the Common-wealth , the Laws are his Compass . 14. Reversionary Grants of Places of Profit and Houour by Princes , are the bane and ruin of Industry ; but acts of Grace and Bounty are the golden Spur to Vertuous and Generous Spirits . 15. In Holy things he that strikes upon the Anvil of his own Brain , is in danger to have the sparks flie in his face . 16. A Kingdom is like a Ship at Sea , whose Ballast should be the Princes Coffers ; which if they be light and empty , she doth nought but tumble up and down , nor can be made to run a direct and steady Course : Therefore it 's the interest of Princes to have a good Treasure against all Extremities ; for Empty Coffers give an ill sound . 17. That Prince , who upon every Commotion of the Subject , rusheth presently into Open War ; is like him who sets his own House a fire to rost his Eggs. 18. That State which goeth out of the Lists of Mediocrity , passeth also the Limits of Safety ; while Sparta kept her self within those boundaries that Licurgus presented unto her , she was both safe and flourishing ; but attempting to enlarge her Territories by new acquists of other Cities in Greece and Asia , she every day declined . 19. Rather than the least dishonour shall fall upon the State , it 's prudence , sometimes to preserve the Honour of the Publique , to cast the Male Administration upon some Favorite or Councellor , and offer him a Sacrifice to Justice . 20. Charles the Fifth laid the loss and dishonour he received in the invasion of France , by way of Provence , to Anthony de Leva . The Spaniard , to cover the Dishonour they received in their attempt against England in Eighty Eight , cast it upon the Duke of Parma in his not joyning with them in convenient time . So did Charles the Sixth of France , upon the Duke of Berry , in his Design of Invading England , as many Wise Princes and States had formerly done . 21. Reputation abroad , and Reverence at home , are the Pillars of Safety and Soveraignty . 22. Taxes which the Soveraign Levies from the Subject , are as Vapors which the Sun exhales from the Earth , and doth return them again in fruitful Showers . 23. Too great a City in a Nation , is like a bad Spleen in the Body Natural , which swells so big as makes all other parts of the Body lean ; therefore some sober persons have conceived that it 's more Prudence to have three Cities of equal Power , that in Case one should Rebel , the other too might Ballance or give Law to the Third . A great City is the fittest Engine to turn an Old Monarchy , into a New Common-wealth . 24. That State which doth not Subsist in Fidelity , can never continue long in Potency . 25. Wise Princes must sometimes deal with Mutinous Subjects , as the Sun did to take away the Passengers Cloak , not as the ruffling Winds , to blow him down . 26. There is nothing which doth more impoverish a Prince , than Imprests of Mony at great usance , for thereby a Prince is brought to one of these two Extremities , either to overthrow his Dominions and Finances , whereof the French Kings are Examples , or else to play Bankrupt , and pay none , as King Philip of Spain hath done to the Merchants of Genoa , Florence , Ausburgh , and almost to all the Banks in Christendome . 27. Tumults may be raised by Men of little Courage , but must be maintained by Hazard , and ended with the Loss of the most Valiant . 28. In Popular Tumults it's safer for a Prince with some yielding , to condescend to Peace , than by staning upon high Points of Honour , to Hazard the Issue of a Battle , wherein the King cannot win without his weakning , nor lose without danger of his undoing . Lewis XIII . of France was a sad and mournful instance hereof . 29. When any mischief grows in a State , and becomes formidable , it 's many times more Prudence to temporize with it , than by force to attempt the redress of it : For they who go about to quench it , kindle it the more , and suddenly plucks down that mischief upon their Heads , which was then but feared from them : By Courting or dissembling the mischief , if it doth not remove the evil , at least it 's put off for a longer time . 30. Charles the Fifth ( even he who was Surnamed the Wise ) of France , at such time as he was Regent in France , his Father at that time being a Prisoner in England , by evil Counsel of some , being ignorant in matters of State , at once suspended all the Officers of France , of whom he suppressed the greatest part , appointing Fifty Commissioners for the hearing such Accusations , as should be laid against them for Extortation and Bribery by them committed ; whereupon all France was in such a Tumult ( by reason of the great number of such as were Male-contents ) as that shortly after , for Remedy thereof , he by Decree in the High Court of Parliament in Paris , was forced to abrogate the former Law. 31. It 's a noble Ambition , and absolutely necessary for a Prince , to believe none of his Subjects more worthy than himself , nor more fit to govern ; when he hath not this good opinion of himself , he suffers himself to be governed by others , whom he believes more fit than himself : and by this means falls into many infelicities . This was the unhappiness of Philip the Third of Spain , though a Prince of eminent parts , yet suffering himself to be governed by the Duke of Lerma , he became of so little esteem with his People , and had no ways to free himself from those Indignities which were cast upon him , but by becoming a Church-man and a Cardinal . 32. A Wise Prince , when he is obliged to make War , ought to make it powerful and short ; and at first to astonish his Enemies with formidable Preparations , because by this means it returns to good Husbandry ; and the Conquests made through fear of Arms , reacheth farther than those made by the Arms themselves . 33. Punishment and Reward are the two Pillars where on all Kingdoms are built ; the former serves for restraining of vile Spirits , the latter for the encouragement of the generous : The one serves instead of a Bridle the other of a Spur. 34. The love of the Subject is the most sure Basis of the Princes Greatness ; and Princes are more secure and better defended by the love of the People , than by many Troops and Legions . Every Wise Prince must suppose that times of Trouble may come , and then will be necessitated to use the service of Men diversly qualified ; therefore his care and study must be in the mean time so to entertain them , that when those storms arise , he may rest assured to command them : For whosoever perswades himself by present Benefits to gain the good will of Men , when Perils are at hand , shall be deceived . 35. It 's not safe for a Prince to commit his Secrets to his greatest Favourite , for if he that is concerned will give , the Prince is certainly betrayed . 36. It concerns a Prince to contain his best Friends within a moderate and convenient Greatness , as to weaken and depress his greatest Enemies . 37. Forreign Succours are most dangerous , and therefore it must be the last resolve of every wise State ; for they are seldom gotten out but by the undoing that State which received them ; or else , as most commonly it happens out , they make themselves Masters of it . 38. In all Distempers in a State , Pilae Aureae , are the best Physick ; for they ever work safely . 39. Those People which by Arms do endeavour to deliver themselves from Oppression , do many times change the Tyrant , but not the Tyranny ; and after a Rebellion is suppressed , the King is more King , and the Subject more Subject . 40. The chief Wisdom and Happiness of a Prince , is to know well to enjoy the Soveraignty of his Power , with the Liberty of his Subjects : Love , Fear , and Reverence , are the three Ligaments which tie the Hearts of the Subjects to their Soveraign : Let the Prince have the first in height , the second in good measure : And of the last so much as he can . 41. That State which doth affect Grandeur , or the Preservation of its Interest , must be bold and daring ; in the mean there is no safety : And those attempts which begin with danger , for the most part are crowned with Glory , and end in Honour . 42. That State which will preserve it self in Puissance , must prevent Divisions , to which States are subject ; and where People are Factious and apt to Divisions , it 's Prudence to soften them with Pleasures ; for where they are subtile and proud , they must be made voluptuous , so their Wit and Malice will hurt the less . It 's some security that a Faction is deboshed , for it 's not safe to suffer sober Men to come to undo the Common-wealth . As in a Tempest each Wave striving to be highest , rides upon the Neck of that which hasted to the Shore before it , and is it self suppressed by a following : So it happens in a Civil Tempest of the Common-wealth , each Party strive to suppress the other , till a third undiscerned assaults and suppress the Conqueror . 43. When a Nation is at War within it self , it 's not safe for any State or Prince to attempt the Invasion of it , for it will certainly reunite them . 44. Whatsoever a Prince doth , it 's to be presumed that it was done with great Reason : If he commandeth any thing , every one is bound to believe that he hath good reason to command the same ; his Actions are manifest , but his Thoughts are secret . It 's our Duty to tollerate the one , and not to murmur against the other ; for the Books of Kings are written in dark Characters , which few can uncipher ; and their Actions like deep Rivers , whereof we see the course of the stream , but know not the source of it . 45. When a State is jealous of the Obedience and Loyalty of the Metropolis , or Chief City in its Dominions ; the only means to secure its Obedience , is to borrow great sums of Money of them ; for by that means they will not easily break out into any Action or Rebellious Attempts , for fear of losing their Money . Edward the Second of England , being deprived by his own Subjects of his Royal Diadem , had never been restored , if he had not been indebted to the Citizens of London , who upon his coming up to London , purchased him the Favour and Friendship of the greatest part of the City ; of which being Master , his Power encreased , and thereby became so strong , that he subdued most of his Enemies , and thereby recovered his Kingdom . 46. Eumenes understanding that divers Noble Men sought occasions to kill him , to prevent their Malice against him , pretended that he had need of great sums of Money , which he borrowed of them who hated him most , to the end they might give over the seeking of his Death , whereby they were assured to lose all their Money . 47. He who groweth great on the sudden , seldom governeth himself in the change : Extraordinary Favour to Men of weak or bad defects ; doth breed Insolency in them , and Discontentment in others ; two dangerous Humours in a Common-wealth . 48. Great Persons must not at all be touched , but if they be , they must be made sure from taking Revenge ; and there is nothing more dangerous than to bring a great Courage to the place of Execution , and then grant him his Pardon ; for he will always remember the Affront and forget the Pardon . 49. Sudden Resolutions are always dangerous , and no less Peril ensueth of slow and doubtful delays . 50. It 's the Interest of Princes , that their Servants fortunes should be above Temptation ; for many times new Officers to Princes , are like fresh Flies , bite deeper than those which were chased away before them . 51. Princes strike their Enemies more smartly with the Head than with the Hand , and are as much to be feared for their Prudence , as for their Valour . 52. A good Magistrate must be like the Statue of Apollo , which had a Lance in one hand , and a Harp in the other , that is , Resolution to awe on the one side , and Sweetness to oblige on the other . 53. A Prince hath more reason to fear Money that is spent , than that which is hoarded up ; because it 's easier for Subjects to oppose a Prince by Popularity , than by Arms. 54. Outward Esteem to a Great Person , is a Skin to Fruit ; which though a thin Cover , yet preserves it . 55. No Man can be Merry , that hath more than one Woman in his Bed , more than one Faith in his Heart . 56. What wants a Soveraign ( says a flattering Courtier ? ) Truth , said a serious King. 57. A sound Faith is the best Divinity , a good Conscience the best Law , and Temperance the best Physick . 58. A good Magistrate must be made up of Craterus and Hephestion , who must love the Kings Interest and his Person : For he that loves not his Interest , hath no kindness for his Person . 59. He that entertains a dangerous Design , puts his Head into a Halter , and the Halter into his Hands to whom he first discovers it . 60. The dis-esteem of Religious Ceremonies , argues the decay of the Civil Government . Pious Princes have first kept their People Religious , and thereby made them Vertuous and United . 61. Heresies and Errors in the Church , are rather to be suppressed by Discipline , than increased by Disputations ; for in many Cases it's Impiety to doubt , and Blasphemy to dispute . 62. The Riches of the People are the Princes Safety , but their Poverty his Calamity ; for they being Rich will not easily attempt against the Government , For fear of loss ; whereas being poor and beggerly , will upon every discontent be apt to break out into Action ; for such will think being poor , that they cannot be worse , but by bold Attempts they may be better . 63. Great Men are the first that find their own Grief , and the last that find their own Faults . 64. Discontent is the greatest weakness of a generous Soul , which is always so intent upon its unhappiness , that it forgets its remedies . 65. There is a time when you may say nothing , and a time when you may say something , but never a time when you should say all . 66. Emulation amongst Favorites is the security of Princes . 67. The Lord Chancellor worthily said , That he would not have his Servants gain by his Livings or Decrees , because the first were Gods , the second the Kings : To honest Men your places , said he , are enough , to Knaves too much . 68. When a Cousin of Justice Sir John Fitz-James , urged him for a kindness , Come to my House ( saith the Judg ) I will deny you nothing ; come to the Kings Court and I must do you Justice . 69. The two main Principles which guide Humane Nature , are Conscience and Law ; by the former we are obliged in reference to another World , by the latter in reference to this . 70. Two things break Treaties , Jealousie when Princes are successful , Fear when they are unfortunate . 71. Inconveniences which happen to Government , are sudden and unlooked for ; therefore a Prince must be provided in Omnem Eventum . 72. It 's safer for a State by Death to extinguish the Power , or by Pardon to alter the Wills of great Offenders , than to put them to Exile or Abjuration ; therefore Henry the Fourth of France , being advised to banish Marshal Byron , he said , That a burning Fire-brand casts more Flame and Smoke out of a Chimney , than in it . FINIS . A Catalogue of some Books sold by John Lawrence , at the Angel in Cornhill , near the Royal Exchange . THe Works of the famous Nicholas Machiavell , Citizen and Secretary of Florence , conteining his History of Florence , Art of War , Discourses on Titus Livius , &c. Written Originally in Italian , and thence newly and faithfully Translated into English , in Folio . Gell's Remains , being sundry , Pious , and learned notes and observations on the new Testament ; opening and explaining it : Wherein Jesus Christ , as yesterday , to day , and the same for ever ; is Illustrated by that Learn'd and Judicious Man Dr. R. Gell , late Rector of St. Mary Aldermanbury , London ; in two Vollumes , in Folio , 1l , 10s . The Jesuits Catachisme , according to Ignatius Loyola , Quarto , price 1 s. The Priveledges and Practises of Parliaments in England . Collected out of the Common Laws of this Land. Commended to the High Court of Parliament , Quarto , price 6 d. A Collection of Letters , for the Improvement of Husbandry and Trade . Number 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. and intended to be still continued by John Houghton , Fellow of the Royal Society , Quarto . The Merchant Royal , a Sermon preached before the King at the Nuptials of an Honourable Lord and his Lady , Quarto , price 6 d. The Admired Satyr against Hypocrites , Quarto , price 6 d. The Ruine of Papacy , or a clear display of simony of the Romish Clergy ; with a Circulatory letter to the Fathers of those Virgins that desert their Families to turn Nuns : By the Learned Pen of that famous Divine Peter Du Moulin , Oct. Indiculis Vniversalis , or the Universe in Epitome : Wherein almost the Works of Nature , of all Arts and Sciences , with their most necessary Terms , are in English , Latin and French , methodically , and distinctly digested , and Composed at first in French and Latin , for the use of the Dauphin of France , by the Learned T. Pomey . And now made English , by A. Lovell , M. A. in Oct. Praxis Catholica , or the Countrymans Universal Remedy : Wherein is plainly and briefly laid down the Nature , matter , manner , place and Cure of most Diseas●s incident to the Body of Man ; not hitherto discovered , by Chr. Pack , Operator in Chymistry , Oct. price 1 s. 6 d. English Military Discipline , or the way of Exercising Horse ▪ and foot , according to the Practise of this present time , with a Treatise of all sorts of Armes and Engines of War ▪ of Fire Works , Ensigns , and other Military Instruments , both antient and Modern , Oct. price 3 s. Clavis Grammatica , or the ready way to the Latin Tongue , conteining most plain demonstrations for the Regular Translating of English into Latin , fitted to help such as desire to attain the Latin Tongue , by F. B. Schoolmaster in London , Oct. price 1 s. The Abridgment of the History of Reformation of the Church of England . By Gilbert Burnet , D D. With several Copper Plates , in Octav. A Mathematical Compendium , or useful practises in Arithmetick , Geometry , Astronomy , Navigation , Embateling , and quartering of Armies , Fortification and Gunnery , &c. By Sir Jonas More late surveyor of his Majestyes ordinance , the 2 Edition , with many large Additions Twelves , price 3 s.