Golden remains of Sir George Freman, Knight of the Honourable Order of the Bath being choice discourses on select subjects. Freeman, George, Sir. 1682 Approx. 121 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 65 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A70079 Wing F2167B ESTC R21279 12738231 ocm 12738231 93040 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A70079) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 93040) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 693:5 or 1653:20) Golden remains of Sir George Freman, Knight of the Honourable Order of the Bath being choice discourses on select subjects. Freeman, George, Sir. Freeman, Sarah, Lady. [32], 96 p. Printed by J.M., and are to be sold by Henry Bonwicke ..., London : 1682. Added t.p. on p. [57]: Physiologia, or, The nature of externals briefly discuss't ... 1681. Edited by Lady Sarah Freeman. This work appears as Wing F2132 at reel 693:5 (number cancelled) and as Wing F2167B at reel 1653:20. Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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BEING CHOICE DISCOURSES ON Select Subjects . LONDON , Printed by J. M. and are to be sold by Henry Bonwicke , at the Red-Lyon in S t Paul's Church-Yard , 1682. PREFACE . THE great charity the Author had for souls ( lest any should take example by seeing him drink ) and the desire he had of making what restitution he could , was the reason he desired me to set out his Treatise against Drinking after his Death . And as I who was constantly with him must needs know him better than any other ; so I think my self obliged to do him that right , as to let the world know he was not the Man they generally took him for . I can justly say I never knew any one of a more tender Conscience : after he had been in company , if upon inquiry into himself he found he had committed a sin in drinking too much , or done any thing he thought extravagant , he would very much lament himself , and hath sent for the company he was with , and given them good advice , perswading them to a holy life . He has made resolutions to drink nothing but small Beer , which he hath kept till the violence of his fits seized on him so severely , that he has been forced to drink some Wine to relieve him from them ; but hath been extreamly troubled , and said to me , what a miserable condition am I in , that these fits should force me to that I would fain quite cast off ; and would take it with great caution , and say , Lord give a blessing so far as I may lawfully pray . For his Family Duties , he was careful there should be Prayers morning and evening . For some time he had a Minister in the House which said the Church Prayers twice a day ; when he was gone , he performed the duty himself : and when he was not able by reason of his illness , he order'd one of his Sons to do it . Several times when he rose from Prayers , he would give his Servants good instructions : And when he could not go to Church by reason of the violence of his Fits , he would speak to me to take care that his Children and Servants went ; and bid me tell them the reason why he did not go , lest they should take example by his staying away , which he said he would never do if it pleased God he had his health . It was his constant practice before he went abroad , though it was never so little a way , first to go to his Prayers and beg a blessing of God. For his Charity in giving Alms , he had bowels of mercy , he seldom gave Alms but he shed tears of compassion for their misery : And when they return'd thanks in praying for him , he would say to me , they do me much more good by their prayers , than I can do them with my Alms : What a mercy it is that I have so much plenty who deserve no more than they ! On the Lords day he had many of the Poor dined with his Servants , which he would speak to with a friendly kindness , and look on them with much joy , that they received refreshment at his Table . He gave yearly Pensions , one to a very ancient Widow , and another to an ancient Gentleman , who died , and then he gave it to his Brother , being in the like want . He relieved several Knights and Gentlemen in their distress , feeding , cloathing , and assisting them with mony towards the burying their dead . And every Christmass he gave money to the Poor of Betchworth and Brockham : And as an encouragement to Charity he used to say , it is the best way of putting money to use , to give it to the Poor . As he was thus eminent in this Virtue of Alms-giving , so he was no less in that hardest part of Charity , which is forgiving Enemies . He received as much wrong as a slanderous tongue could do him , but was so far from returning evil for evil , that contrary to that , he asked me what he should do , to do that party good ; my answer was , I knew no way but Prayer : which he immediately betook himself to , after a solemn manner on his knees with me ; and after that told me , he had Prayed at Church and in his bed for that party , and though he received the wrong , yet he first desired to be reconciled . I could give several other instances of his returning good for evil , for he never bore malice against any , but still endeavoured to overcome his Enemies with kindness . His Charity to souls was so diffusive , that he wrote several short dehortations from sin , and exhortations to a holy life , and used to cast them privately about the streets , that some finding them might by the grace of God be wrought upon to forsake their sins . One of the Papers I have by me , with these words in it , Fear to do ill , for thou know'st not how soon death may overtake thee . He was very just in all dealings , careful to pay his debts , and in accounting would rather be a loser than any should suffer by him . He many times used this expression , Whose Ox have I taken ? He was humble , kind and courteous to the meanest of his Neighbours , and never slighted any Gentleman for his poverty ; but used them with as much respect as those that had great Estates . He was a Loyal Subject to his King , a true Son of the Church of England , and very much against Popery . He was a loving Father to his Children , a very kind Master to his Servants , and ( I must ever owne it ) he was a most tender loving Husband to me : which he shewed in taking care to the utmost of his power to provide for me , and to his last in his extraordinary kind expressions to me on his death-bed . Above two years before his death a great Affliction befell him , which brought much anguish on his spirits , so that when he hath been at Prayers with his Family he could scarce bring out his words for tears : and he being naturally melancholy , great afflictions must needs lie heavier upon him and be harder to overcome , had he not had a great support from Heaven . But through Gods grace they turned so much to his advantage and weaned him so from this world , that his discourses to me were as Sermons treating of Death and the happiness of the next world . He said the day of our death might very well be called the day of our birth , giving us a greater enlargement than when we came from the inclosure of our Mother's womb : And told me he and I should do as my Lady Falkland advised her friends , not love one another too much , but endeavour to wean our affections , knowing one must go before the other : telling me also of one , that when he had word brought him of the death of his only Son , said , I knew I begat a mortal . When troubles were on him , he would say , Heaven will recompence all , Heaven is a sweet place ; there is no disturbance , but all Peace and Love. He hoped he might overcome his troubles , which he could never have done , had he not had a greater succour than any on Earth : but God was all in all to satisfie his soul. He used to say , all my strength is in God , had I not depended on the Holy Jesus I had been dead e're this . He could not lay himself to sleep but with some of these expressions , Jesus is my strength ; God is a very present help in trouble : in him we live move and have our being : It is he that performeth all things for us : All my fresh springs are in thee O Lord. He used to have the Italian Testament , Bishop Hall's Book called , The Balm of Gilead , with other good Books at his beds-head ; which he would read in before he went to sleep , finding some comfortable sentence suitable to his condition , of which he would discourse with me as he laid himself to rest . He used in great troubles to take the Bible and open it at adventure , and then read what he first found ; which often hath been so suitable to his condition , that he hath received great comfort , and writ the places down , which I have by me . His heart was so much set on Heaven , that he wonder'd how any Religious person could concern himself for any of these vain and transitory things : and would use this expression of D r Hammond , Let God govern the world . And when he heard of any false reports he said , Let us not trouble our selves , but consider how we stand in the sight of God. He was very fearful of taking Gods name in vain : Insomuch that when Fits seized violently on him , and pain made him cry , O Lord ! he was troubled lest he had broken that Commandment , who ( said he ) is able to help me but he in this my great extremity ? He could not endure to hear any one swear , and hated a lye . He wrote some of our blessed Saviours Sermon on the Mount , which he intended to write out , resolving to get it by heart and make it his practice , but death seized him before it was finished . He had a great love to the Word of God ; and said to his Sister on his death-bed , I love Gods word , and I fear him . When he first waked in the morning he said , God be blessed that I have lived to see the light of another day , Lord grant that I may spend it to thy service ; and that Collect of the Church , Prevent us O Lord in all our doings , &c. And when he rose crossing his Arms , he said , In the Name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Ghost , Amen ; and then he said the Lords Prayer which he had a high veneration for ; afterwards he read a Psalm . He did not use long Prayers , but short Ejaculations often both day and night . When I have waked in the Morning , I have seen him lifting up his hand with so great devotion that it hath moved my affection . He delighted much in discourses of Religion , and holy Meditations : and hath told me in his bed , he hath had such sweet Meditations , as have raised him even to Heaven . I am not able to express how excellently he would speak of his love to the Holy Jesus , and the blessed Trinity . He said he loved God above all , and not any thing in comparison of him ; and that he would be a Martyr for God. If he were sure his sins were forgiven , and the pain of death over , he could willingly leave this world : for he desired to be dissolved and to be with Christ. He hath reckon'd to me the many dangers he had escaped , and the many blessings he had received : admiring the great goodness of God that had preserved him to that present , and had given him time to repent of his sins , and bestowed many undeserved blessings on him . He told me he had desired some temporals , which God denyed him ; but he look'd on it as a mercy , and clearly saw that it was better for him to be in that very condition God had placed him in ; and would often speak of Gods Providence . He was a great lover of the company of Divines ; and could not abide to see them slighted . He had several of them in his prayers , and desired the benefit of theirs for himself . Satan would tempt him to lay aside his confidence in the mercies of God : but he resolved and armed himself by faith against those assaults ; and hath said to me that he could as plainly see Satan in his malicious designs and temptations against him , as if he saw him with his bodily eyes . And sometimes Satan tempted him to infidelity , but he did resist him and presently said the Creed . I heard him say on his Death-bed , Satan would tempt me , but I will not believe him : And then said , I believe in God , &c. which made me think he had the same temptations then , which he had told me of at other times : And that that good God that had sustain'd him to that time , would not then leave him , but strengthn'd his faith to the last gasp . About half a year before his Death he had many scruples , which proceeded from the tenderness of his Conscience , and made him full of fears lest in this or that he had offended : and though when company came to see him , he seem'd as chearful as he could ; yet when they were gone he would be troubled for any word or action he might offend in : and did examine himself of his former life with sorrow for all he had done amiss . He had very humble thoughts of himself , and would judge and blame himself rather than others : and often say a proud Man could not go to Heaven . He was of a very sweet disposition , and so tender hearted that he could not endure to see any creature in misery : and hath told me of one that put his only Son to death for delighting in putting out the eyes of birds , thinking he would be a cruel Man. And though he was thus tender hearted , yet upon a good account he had great courage , as he hath shewed in his readiness to serve his King , in the Surrey rising , and at other times , though he never had the fortune to be in any action . He was a very good Scholar , understood Hebrew , Greek , Latine and Italian , and had the French Tongue as perfect as a Native . He had great skill in Musick , and delighted very much in it . He had a great love to any he thought loved God. Once a poor man came begging , that said he had been taken by the Turks , and used very cruelly ; but rather than he would deny Christ , he would be torn in pieces : I cannot express how much my Husband rejoyced to hear him say so , and he was so taken with him , that he gave him both Money and Cloaths . There was a poor Woman that used to sit with the rest of the Poor at his Servants Table , and he heard she had the report of a good Woman , he took her to his own Table , and used her with much respect . He had such humble thoughts of himself , that for some time he would not allow himself decent Burial : but afterwards he consented to it , and desired his Neighbours might accompany him to his Grave . He often desired me to be buryed in the vault by him . I have something in memory of a dream that he told me of when he waked a little before his last sickness ; he dream'd that the day of Judgment was come , and the Lord appearing in the clouds , and calling the Elect , he was left behind ; upon which being grievously afflicted he prayed earnestly , and the Blessed Jesus look'd back and called him : and he went with great joy , and was received into Heaven with the rest of the Elect. He was full of fears as to his future condition while he was here : But now I question not but he is received into the joy of the Lord. He was a sickly man for many years , troubled with Convulsion Fits and shortness of breathing , which made him fear sudden Death , and pray dayly against it : But his last sickness was the Yellow-jaundice , with a very sore throat and a violent ▪ Feaver . And though he was in very much pain , he bore it with a great deal of patience , speaking comfortably to all about him : so that they said they never were with any one that made a better end . He was much in Prayer , I think I heard him say the Lords Prayer near twenty times in one day , when he was so weak that he could hardly bring out his words . He desired me not to be troubled , and said God would provide for me , and prayed God to send us a happy meeting : He often told me , his Prayer for me was , That God would bless me with the Blessings of his right hand and of his left . I cannot remember half the Heavenly Expressions he had when Mr. Benson the Minister of our Parish prayed by him . He said to me , Mr. Benson is a good Man , he speaks so sweetly when he speaks of God. He desired the Bell might be rung , and asked many times after it , if it did not ring . He departed this life on the 10 th day of May , 1678. being Friday , the day after Ascension : And I hope he hath received the benefit of the precious Passion , and glorious Resurrection and Ascension of our dearest Lord , and ever blessed Saviour Jesus . He had formerly desired me not to be by him when he was dying , lest seeing me should make him unwilling to leave this world ; and lest I should by any sudden passion disturb his soul departing ▪ But at last he very much called upon me not to leave him , so I stayed with him to the last : and though my trouble was not to be expressed , yet ( I thank God ) I did not in the least disturb him . He endured much pain in his sickness , but at last I could not perceive he had any , but his breath grew shorter and shorter , and so he went away without the least gasp or groan . His thoughts and discourse were much of death long before ; he would say our life was but as a dream , or the shadow of a dream , and as a vapour . And when he saw any disturbed for fear of losses in this world , he would say none are ever undone till they come to Hell. He loved much to dispute about Religion , but once being disputing against Predestination , and fearing he had spoken something irreverent , he was extremely afflicted ; I never saw any one express more sorrow , and writ what I here set down , and have under his own hand by me : I did immediately strip my self of it , and threw my self down before the Throne of Grace , by which it had no propriety in me : I did it whatever it was to vindicate God's mercy : I have committed my cause to God who knows my thoughts , and let him deal with me according to his infinite goodness and wisdom : let Satan do what he can against me , I know my Saviour is the Captain of my Salvation . I have here endeavoured to give what account I can of my dear Husbands life ; but I know I come very short of what might have been observed by one of a better memory , that had been with him so much as my self . I hope the Christian Reader , into whose hands these Papers shall come , will pardon all imperfections in the Stile or Method , and make the best use of what was so well design'd by the Author . The fulfilling of whose Will in setting forth his Book , and discharging my duty , in clearing him to the world , is the only cause I venture to appear in Print , Sarah Freman . I Received a Letter from a very Reverend Divine that gives this account of my dear Husband , which I write in his own words ; That he was in many respects the most remarkable instance of humility , the greatest example of godly sorrow , and the most admirable Precedent of self-denial and sincere detestation of sin in himself , and passionate care that it might not infect others , which I have known . And of this it pleased the all-wise guider of all things to make me a very heedful witness about 18 years ago , when I preached at the Savoy for Dr. T. F. Not many daies after , I was summon'd to wait on Sir George Freman , a person then altogether unknown to me , whom he entertained with a most doleful tenderness of affection , and with manly ( because Christian ) showers of tears spoke after this manner : Sir , You are to me as I suppose I am to you , a stranger . I thank you for your Sermon at the Savoy , where I was your Auditor . I do not think you aimed at me , but sure I am your discourse pierced my heart . I could scarce think any one there besides concerned , I dare say none more than my self . I am that miserable man , who have not remembred my Creator in the daies of my Youth , ( my Text was Eccles. xii . 1. ) and now what shall I do , what shall I do ? give me your advice , assist me with your Prayers . Thus in one person perceiving many blessed marks of true penitents , wounded with S t Peter's hearers who were pricked to the heart , Acts 2. inquisitive with the Baptist's pious Auditors , S t Luke 3. vowing amendment with David , and commanding it in those under his care ; sending to me as good Josiah did to Huldah the Prophetess . I did as soon as I had recover'd my self from that tumult of passions which a sight so unexpected did raise , apply my self , according to my poor ability , with utmost compassion , to aid the sorrowful patient of the Almighty ; who was pleased , after diverse weeks conference , prayers , and meditations on several Texts of Scripture , and such like means used by my self , and others of far more experience , to raise up his troubled spirit , bowed down with the dreadful apprehensions of God's heavy displeasure , and to stay him with some comfortable hopes that our heavenly Father would not cast him off for ever , nor always shut up his loving kindness and tender mercy . For which with what singular expressions of penitential sorrow he prepared himself , I am not able to utter . With what zealous indignation did he call to mind his sins ! With what affectionate care did he dehort his Family from all wicked and vain courses ! I was astonished to see and hear with what awful reverence , prostration and tears , with what inflamation of soul , he kiss'd the sacred Book when he solemnly renewed his Covenant with God. I am too little acquainted with virtue , to describe that masculine meekness , wherewith he deprecated the injury he had done to his meanest attendants by his former example . I know too little of sanctification to tell you with what fervency of spirit he declaimed against , and disswaded his servants from the imitation of his now abhorred practices , and with penitent Manasses solemnly resolved to command all under his authority to serve the Lord , The sincerity of these resolutions was proved by his pious behaviour , whereof I was till 1664. sometimes an eye-witness ; and by this did appear the soundness of his judgment , for hereby he declared , that he knew how dangerous and senseless a conceit it is ( which is too common ) that men may believe well without repentance , and repent well without amendment , live well without prayer , and pray well without faith . And now , Madam , who can think he wants joy , who thus sowed in tears ? and why should any bewail him who is happier than here he could be ? Relieve your self from sad thoughts with reflecting upon that bliss and fulness of pleasure , which he most earnestly groaned for and now enjoys for ever . The disswasive from Drunkenness ( a most acutely pious discourse ) I had from his own hand , and 't is now no little ornament to my Study . The reliques of his judicious and divine Pen ( designed for the benefit of more than one age ) will have great commendation to the wiser part of the world from the learned Author , and those excellencies wherein they resemble him will give security that none can buy his Book too dear , or better bestow his time than in reading what he wrote . A Letter written to me upon the Death of my Husband . Madam , YOur loss is great , by reason of the Death of your dear Husband : however you have this comfort to allay the grievance of the loss , the hope and even confidence that he is gone to Heaven . Neither will it be accounted partiality in you , in thus charitably judging of him ; for it is very reasonable that is thus concluded concerning him . Contrary to the usual way of a Letter , let me so method what I knew of him to be very true : First , He was a person of great reason , and had such a judgment as would rightly distinguish betwixt good and evil . Secondly , He did not thwart his Judgment and opinion of things by his actions , but accordingly steered his course , as nearly as frail humanity would permit . Thirdly , He was a true son of the Church of England , and wondred at the opposition and contradictions of others to its Christian tenents . Fourthly , His Prayers were constant unto God for the conversion of our Churches Enemies . He laboured not only by strong arguments when he met with the Recusants , but at other times also when he was alone , by his Prayers to make them Proselytes . Fifthly , He was heavenly minded , and his discourse was continually about God and Eternity ; and he affected no mans company whose talke was worldly , for he accounted it frivolous and vain . Sixthly , Though a person of quality , yet he was affable and courteous , and strangely condescending , and chused his Associates rather for their goodness than for their greatness . Seventhly , He was charitable , ready to contribute towards the necessity of the poor , and timed some of his liberal gifts excellent well ; encouraged many of the poor Parishioners to come constantly to the Church by entertaining many of them at his own House every Sunday . Eightly , He had a singular love for you his affectionate and most loving Wife : It was nothing but death that could have separated him from you . I might speak several things more , very honourably of him , but I purpose brevity . Madam , I know , you lament because you have parted with so good and vertuous an Husband as Sir George was : but let his vertue and goodness be an occasion of your rejoycing . He now is possessed of that which we pray for to enjoy , Everlasting bliss and happiness . I am , Your humble and Faithful Servant , J. B. TO THE MEMORY OF THE Pious Author Sir GEORGE FREMAN , Knight of the BATH , His ever Honour'd Godfather . 1. BLest Soul ! Thou who art wont to be , Ev'n when alive , a Saint to me . And on my tender bead didst often lay Blessings for which thy little Votary Was taught to pray , With humble voice and bended knee , As to some Officer of Heav'ens great Treasury . Hear me agin now after Death , Accept the tribute of my grateful breath , And let it not disturb thy happiness A while to hear my Verse express Our sorrows for our loss of Thee , And joys for thy fruition of vast Eternity . 2. Thou , now the storms of sin and grief are o're , Art landed safe on the eternal shore ; And looking down smile'st on lifes Galley — slaves , Tost to and fro on Fortunes waves : Now to th' top of Honours sky they 're gone , And down to th' Hell of low disgrace are headlong cast anon . Some in slight Pleasure — boats do careless row , And unconcern'd o're the deep Gulf they go , Ne're minding either Stars above , or Monsters hid below . 3. Now quiet and serene are all thy thoughts ; Thy mind not tangled with hard knots , Ty'd by thy too scrup'utous fears , Not to be loosen'd by thy tears : Which vanish now quite out of sight Like idle Phantoms of the night . And Heav'n without a cloud does now appear , Nothing but Love and joy and Hallelujah's there . Now are thy busie scruples all at rest ; And ev'n thy Melancholy's blest , Which did thy looser appetite command , Though with too strict and too severe a hand . Now thou art entred on those solid joys , Where without laughing's mirth , and musick without noise . 4. Thou the great circle of all arts hast past , Another Drake hast learning's world embrac't ; And knowest how small a point 't is if it vye With the immense circumference of the skie . What folly't all is when we'ave left this worlds Academy : The soul shakes all these rags off then , To the new cloath'd in Heav'en agen . And here as reminiscence science is : So there when we forget it are we wise . Our sins or virtues only then remain ; We have no list to think on ought that 's vain . Who can from Heav'ns observatory view , If Tycho or Copernicus be true ; And with as much ease know , as now we err with pain . 5. Thou wast my Guardian Angel here below , And didst me all the paths of virtue show . When I a stranger hither come , From nothing's and my Mother's Womb , Did neither the people nor their language know ; Straight didst thou wash my soul from sin , It s original secundine ; And at the sacred Font for fear I from th' eternal laws should swerve , Or any other Master serve , Madest me the badge and name of Christian bear . 6. But now alas ! thou' rt from this Country gone , And here hast left me wandring all alone : The clue is broke , and weary I Bewilder'd in this Labyrinth lie , And nought but monstrous Minotaurs of unheard Vices spie . Thy sacred reliques now must be A second holy Guide to me , And from thy Book I will such blessings crave As once thy living precepts gave ; Where we behold thy Soul , it self , and free From the restraint of vainer Company ; From th' heats of Wine and passion , From complement and fashion , And all that discords with its native Harmony . 7. Thy Charity expires not with thy breath , But here thou' rt benefactor after death . Out of the ample treasure of thy mind Leaving a stock of holy truths behind ; Thou dost a large estate to pious souls bequeath . O may success answer the great design ; May'st thou be others guide , as well as mine . And may 't increase thy joys to see Thy Converts flocking after Thee , The fruits of all thy passionate cares , Captives of thy discourse , or blessings to thy Pray'rs . A. B. A BRIEF APOLOGY FOR THE Lords Prayer . I Have selected two Texts out of the New Testament ; one is in the 6 th Chap. of S t Matthew , the beginning of the 9 th verse ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , After this manner therefore pray ye , &c. the other is in the eleventh of S t Luke at the second verse , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , And he said unto them , when you pray , say , Our Father . Which two places of Scripture will administer a redundancy of argument to prove what I have undertaken , namely , That it is the duty of every Christian to use the Lords Prayer constantly , both at his publick and private Devotions . As to the integrality , and exact composure of this Prayer , every man will readily acknowledge it , because it were sacrilegious impudence to say otherwise : notwithstanding this , you shall hear the most moderate of its opposers say , that the assiduous use of it is not necessary ; and many since our late dissensions began , have declared by their continued omission of it , that it is not requisite at all , not allowing it entertainment ( although the Lords Prayer ) within the walls of the Church , stiled by our Saviour himself , the House of Prayer ; nor into their own houses at their Family Duties , and I have much reason to fear , not into the most recluse corners , when they have been at their private devotions : Thus did they in effect teach Assemblies , that prayer as effectual as that , might be made out of new molds of their own , and entertained them with nothing else , but their own belches and eruptions . On the contrary , I do assert the necessity of its use , both at all times of prayer , and by all persons ; first from the primitive practice , and the high esteem that all the Eminent Fathers of the Church had of it : And next I shall endeavour to prove it by Logicall deductions from the letter of the Scripture , in one text , and by unavoidable consequence from the other , shewing that the place cited out of S t Matthew , must of necessity hold Analogie with that of S t Luke : I will begin with that of S t Luke , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in the original is an adverb , compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 adverbium primarium , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 conjunctio potentialis ; sometimes it signifies postquam , after that , as S t John , chap. 16. vers . 21. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , postquam aut pepererit ; sometimes quamdiu , as long as , so S t John 9. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quamdiu in mundo fuero ; here it signifies quum , or quando , and being indefinite comprehendeth all the times of Prayer : but if you should put it thus , as a solution to a question , namely , as if I should ask a man when will you do such a kindness for me ? 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; and the answer be made , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Isidor . when you return , here supposing I had told him before when I would return , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not indefinite , but joyn'd with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , is an answer to the precedent question , and points at some hour , or day in the which I said I would return ; but in the Text it must of necessity comprehend all the times of prayer : and therefore this injunction , When you pray , say , Our Father , is , and must of necessity be as much as if our Saviour had said , whensoever you pray , say , Our Father which art in heaven , &c. Nor will it enter into my apprehension , how this can possibly admit of any other explication . But to this they will object , if so , that our Saviour enjoyns us whensoever we pray , to say , Our Father ; the consequence will be , that we must say no other prayer : for when we pray in another form , we pray ; how is this command then fulfilled , when you pray , say , Our Father , if we take a liberty to vary from it ? I answer , that by these words , when you pray , is not to be understood all the continued time of prayer , but some part of that occasional , or assiduous praying , so that it is not spoken exclusively of all other prayers ; for S t Paul , Ephes , 1. 16. tells them he ceaseth not to pray for them ; and verse the 17 th tells them in what manner , namely , in words of his own , as you may there read ; and in another place , Acts 2. 42. it is said , And they continued in the Apostles doctrine , and fellowship , and breaking of bread , and prayers , in the plural ; so that it is much more probable that they did use occasional prayers , and not make a continued repetition of the Lords Prayer : besides , we find that S t Chrysostome , S t Augustine , S t Bernard , and all the Fathers took that liberty , neither was it ever questioned ; but however , if the Text did restrain us to it , those that use it not at all would be the more strongly refuted . From the premises then it will appear , that this individual prayer , these very words ( for they are the immediate subject of that command ) must be used by every Christian , whensoever he applyeth himself to God in prayer : But to this they will object , That the Text in S t Matthew gives a dispensation from using these very words , because it saith . pray after this manner , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , thus . To this I answer , If our Saviour commandeth us in this Text to pray after this Prayer , then he doth implicitely , though not expresly enjoyn these very words ; but if it be supposed to be spoken exclusively of the Lords Prayer , that is , as if our Saviour had said , You need not say my Prayer , or you need not use it alwayes , but set it as a pattern , and rest alwayes , or for the most part , upon your own methods , which you make in imitation of mine ; what would the consequence be , but a horrid one ? namely , that our Saviour did set a greater estimate upon those subsequent prayers , which we were afterwards to make in imitation of his , than he did upon his own , which will inevitably follow if we reflect upon the ends of prayer . The chief subordinate ends of prayer ( for there are many others inferiour to them ) are these , to prevail with God for the communicating of Grace to the soul , that so by faith and repentance we may be interested in Christ , and then by the application of his merits to our souls , we are put into an estate of salvation , which is the last of those intermediate or subordinate ends of prayer ; for if we continue in that , the next remove , we shall arrive at eternal salvation , which is the ultimate end of prayer , and of all the Ordinances of God. Thus then I argue , If these be the ends of prayer , then the best composed prayer must needs be the most efficacious for the procurement of these ends ; but if our Saviour commands us to make prayers after his , and gives a dispensation to omit his own ( though but sometimes ) the forementioned consequence will follow , that he prefers our prayers before his own : for he doth most certainly desire the salvation of our souls , and doing so , hath as certainly appointed the most conducible means thereunto ; but if he dispenseth with the continued use of his own prayer , and enjoyns us to make others after it , and those to be our daily prayers , it will inevitably follow , that he looks upon ours as more efficacious than his own , which is a most blasphemous consequence . But again , suppose this Text , after this manner pray ye , did not so necessarily enjoyn the use of the Lords Prayer ; yet the other doth , for it saith , when you pray , say , Our Father , &c. This admits of no evasion , as I suppose my self to have already proved , since these very words are the immediate subject of the command , whereupon I offer this argument ; If one place of Scripture do ipsis terminis , and expresly command any one Duty , and any other place of Scripture seem to dispense with it , the ambiguous Text must be accommodated to that which is conspicuous , and clearly intelligible ; for otherwise we shall make the word of God repugnant to it self : then if my judgement fail me not , it is evident , that the Text in S t Luke admits of no cavil , and the other carries but a seeming occasion of one , but this seemingness ( if there be such ) must vail to the other , which is so nervous and evincing : as for that ridiculous caution , that they omit the use of it in publick , lest men should idolize a form ; they may as well say , that the Scriptures may be taken away from them , because they may idolize the mechanick part of it , namely , the paper , and the binding , or the letters , and not look at the system of Truth , which is comprized in it . But besides this , the Lords Prayer can no more be accounted indifferent , as to its peculiar use ( which is to be offer'd up to God in praying ) than any other places of Scripture , as to their proper and peculiar uses ; because the Lords Prayer is a part of Scripture : Now the Historical part of Scripture is to be believed , the Doctrinal part is to be believed , and practised , and urged in polemical discourses , the supplicatory part is to be pray'd ; and therefore my Opinion is , That when men do vary from this prayer ( which undoubtedly is lawfull , prvided they do not exclude it ) their prayers should be composed as near as they can of sentences collected out of Scripture . To dispense with the use of this Prayer is in the general , repugnant to Theologie , which enjoyns the greatest reverence , and esteem that possibly can be for matters of Divine Institution ; and especially a command which issued immediately , and with so much clearness out of the blessed mouth of Christ himself , doth certainly call for our ready and constant obedience ; and it is contrary to all Christian practice , it having ever been magnified in the Church of God , and inconsistent w th the Principles of Reason , if we take but a moral view of it ; for in all actions the medium , or instrumental cause , must be fitly proportion'd for the attainment of what we design , and by all requirable circumstances accommodated to that end ; or else we have no certain grounds to expect the procurement of what we would have : but here it is otherwise , if we sue for blessings in our own deficient language , and indigested petitions , voluntarily omitting this most accurate form , which was composed by him , who is the wisdom of the Father , by which he made the world , the first of S t John and the tenth verse : Whosoever therefore doth it , despiseth the very wisdom of God , he is guilty lesae Divinae Majestatis , of high treason against the King of heaven : and therefore it is not strange , that during the late eclipse of our Church , rebellion did rouze up her self more and more , till at last , with a bare and impudent face , she laught at the tenderness of Allegiance ; for there is great reason to think , that the deliberate omission of the Lords Prayer , was the sudden admission of rebellion ; for he that dares despise the wisdom of God , and by that means commit the highest treason , and speak the greatest blasphemy against God , will easily slide into a conspiracy of treason against his Temporal Prince : and although I am induced to believe , that there was a fomes of rebellion and spleen lodged , and lurking in the hearts of many these late wars , which gave the first spring to our dissensions ; yet , that by the neglect of this prayer , joyntly with the discontinuance of communicating in the Lords Supper , and the removal of Orthodox Divines , and many other causes , I have great reason to believe they were very much promoted . As there is a reason in Divinity , why the neglect of this Prayer was a great inlet to rebellion ; so is there likewise in Moral Philosophy , for he that slights this most accurate form , will most certainly not stick to oppose all other forms in the Church , by an argument à majore ad minus : and he that opposeth Set Forms , and Ecclesiastical Constitutions , hath a principle of licentiousness , and independency in him , which will be still administring arguments to him ( dato uno absurdissimo ) by a series of moral , or rather immoral consequences against all coercive power , first in the Church , and then in the State , which truth hath been ( though very deplorably ) yet evincingly laid down before us in the late rebellion : concerning which truth our dread Soveraign Charles the second , having been without doubt along time satisfied , is well prepared with instructions for his own security ; though I believe his Piety more than his Regal Interest will cement him to the Church of England , which is the repository of primitive discipline and order . Whether these arguments may be prevalent with many others , I know not , but they are so much with me , that I was exceedingly scandalized at the publick omission of it , and am well assured that a very great body of Christians in England were so with my self ; and that it was not scandalum acceptum on our side , but scandalum datum on theirs who did reject it : And I would very fain be satisfied how the Dissenters from Ecclesiastical Ceremonies can quarrel with the Church of England for imposing things in their own nature indifferent , that is , not prohibited by God in his revealed will ; how they can , I say , except against the imposition of such lawfull things , and plead it is for this reason , to avoid giving offence to tender consciences , which consciences cry out before they are hurt , and yet maintain that themselves may publickly omit this great duty of saying the Lords Prayer , and that to the offence of so many well-grounded consciences , who can by no means dispense with it . The Church of England out of her prudent care to preserve Order and Uniformity in the exteriour part of Gods worship , imposeth a lawfull thing or action , and that 's a sin ; the Presbyterian dispenseth with the not performing of a necessary duty , and that 's no sin . The Church of England magnifies Christs Prayer , and that 's idolizing a Form ; the Presbyterian despiseth it , and that 's good Religion : The Parliament of England , of which the Fathers of the Church are a very considerable part , do cause the illegitimate Covenant to be burnt , and that 's a great wickedness ; the Presbyterian slights the Divine Energy of the Lords Prayer ( legitimate , as Tertullian calls it ) which is far worse than the bare action of burning the paper wherein it is printed or written , and that 's not ill at all . But it may be they will say to me , you make a discourse concerning the excellency of the Lords Prayer , we may ask you the same question that one was asked , who insisted long upon the praise of Hercules , Quis unquam vituperavit Herculem ? which of us ever spoke against the excellency of the prayer ? It is true , I never heard any man in terminis do it , as I said in the beginning of my discourse ( for that were open blasphemy , and persistence in it would merit excommunication from the society of Christians ) but you do implicitely , and inclusively , or otherwise why do you not use it ? Actions speak more than words , and cry aloud in the ears of God either for reward or judgment : But some of them do object , that they do use it sometimes , but they are not bound to use it alwayes . To this I answer , that the intermitting of its use , doth imply the setting of but a gradual esteem upon it , and that they do not acknowledge its supereminency above all other prayers . If a man that is prescribed an excellent dyet-drink , which never sail'd the cure of some disease which he labours with , and is ordered by his Physician to take it every day ; if he intermit but one day it will argue that he doth not so highly approve of it , that is , that he doth disapprove of it , in a degree proportionable to the discontinuance of it : So if any man do make use of the Lords Prayer sometimes , and sometimes useth it not ; what doth this omission of his ( unless it be through forgetfulness ) but secretly whisper to the understanding that he doth not intensively and absolutely approve of it , but partially and in gradibus remissis . For to say the Lords Prayer is the best prayer , and yet to say , it is not requisite to use it at all times of prayer , is a most absurd assertion , and to be exploded by all judicious men ; for if it be the best , and that most transcendently , why should any other prayer justle it out ? It is true , that many times there is incumbent upon the soul the guilt of so many great and often repeated sins , that the deep apprehension of the spirit at such a time requires more room , and a greater field of language to rove up and down in , and to unbosome her remorse to God whom she hath offended ; she would come to a more particular repentance , and insist upon all the circumstances which may aggravate her guilt , and be argument of sorrow to her in her self-condemning , that by her timely sentence , upon her self she may avoid that irrevocable sentence which Christ at the last day will pronounce against those who justifie themselves , and therefore is not satisfied in her deep recesses of grief , with that petition in our Lords Prayer , Forgive us our trespasses , as we forgive them that trespass against us : and therefore other prayers are allowable , because the soul doth by them as it were divide her repentance into smaller parcels , and make it more fine by sifting it into single circumstances ; but when this penitent Soul hath recollected all she can for the accusation of her self , and finds that in her memory she can discover no more , being troubled she cannot ; now let her make a sure conclusion with this perfect prayer , which is a summary of all her wants , in which she confesseth all her sins , and asketh forgiveness for all ; and not for her own sins only , but for the sins of the whole Church , by which Petition of the Lords Prayer we are most sweetly taught how diffusive our Charity should be : and now having confessed all her sins , and begged pardon of God for all her own , and others sins , she can strain at no more , but finding in this prayer a sweet repository of all her scruples , commits her self to God , till the next time that he shall honour her so highly , as to let her enter again into that near Communion with himself which Prayer gives us . So that to conclude , though the Lords Prayer do not exclude the use of other Prayers , especially when they are collected out of Scripture ; yet it comes with full commission for the use of it self : Especially at the conclusion of our devotions . For then all other forms of Prayer , which are like rivulets and little streams , should retire into this Prayer , as they into the Ocean to cover their imperfections . One thing I shall add more , and that concerning the brevity of it : for although various expressions are allowed to the Soul in her passions for sin , which when they are found in the concerns of repentance , are most exceeding acceptable to God in Christ ; yet that is caused by the unaptitude of the body to answer readily to the first motions of the soul. And therefore the soul cannot communicate her notions but by a longer successiveness of discourse ; but those that have most evaded their passions , and are advanced nearer to a ready use of their noble faculties , may with the Lords Prayer , perform the act of repentance thoroughly , and obtain pardon for their sins , with all temporal blessings , without a fear , or groan , or any farther enlargements of themselves , and rise up as much advanced as any others , in all the concernments of their salvation . FINIS . A DEHORTATION FROM ALL SIN , BUT Particularly the Sin OF DRINKING . Reader , IF thou hast been hitherto carefull to lead a good life , according to the rule of Gods Word , I entreat thee to persevere for the Lords sake unto the end , that thou mayest receive the end of thy hope , even the salvation of thy soul ; which upon thy continuance in well-doing , thou shalt most certainly accomplish , to thy unspeakable comfort : but if thou art a captive to the false , and deceitfull pleasures of sin , as I have been ; hearken unto me , who can upon too too long an experience ( Lord pardon my many relapses ) assure thee , that what fair appearances soever sin presents thee with in its first approaches , it will leave a sting behind , and after the commission of every sinfull act , thou wilt most certainly be so far removed from God as the greatness of thy sin was ; and as the testimonies of a good conscience decay , so will the accusations of an evil one come in their room , till insensibly thou fall into horror and despondencies of spirit , one of the least of which is far too dear a price for all the pleasures the world can afford thee . These are the entrances of Hell into thy soul , upon the withdrawings of God , and spiritual consolations ; without which the soul languisheth , as the body fainteth upon a decay of the animal , or vital spirits : this must thou look for after the continuance in any known , and presumptuous sin , but if thou find it not , thy condition is dangerous , for the obduration , or hardening of the heart is the threshold of Hell : look quickly then and seriously into thy soul ; labour to get a sight of thy sins in the Book of Conscience , whiles they may be blotted out ; pray earnestly to God for a true sense of them , ( for Prayer is the Key of Heaven ; ) consider often of Death , Judgment , Heaven and Hell ; think how odious the sin of ingratitude is between man and man , and that unthankfulness for the Blood of Christ is the highest of that kind : think of the shortness of mans life , and the great business is to be done in that little life : that thy short life is posting to an end ; O the folly , and madness of sin ! it is a continual acting against reason , a treasuring up of wrath with the God of all Power , a providing for the society of Devils , and damned souls , who will be cursing their Maker , and one another to all eternity ; 't is that which only is dishonourable to man , a disturbance to Commonwealths ; it is the satisfaction of Devils ( if they could have any , ) the trouble of Angels , and blessed souls , nay , the grieving of the Holy Ghost , and the continual murthering of the Son of God. I have no design in this short Discourse , but the Glory of God , the conversion of souls , and the discharging of my own Conscience , by testifying to as many as I can , the detestation of my former life , that so the ill consequences of my example may be in some measure repaired by this publication of my self : and therefore wish to that end that all may see this , that saw my debauchery : and I beseech God to give me boldness in the confession of my faults , and to make me only shamefull of recommitting them . Above all things I advise men to beware of immoderate drinking , which dulls the understanding , and makes the soul impatient of contemplation : it disposeth vehemently to the pleasures of sense , and to a gigling impertinent mirth ; it precipitateth to the acts of uncleanness , and exciteth all the passions , exposing men to many and daily hazards both of soul and body , and rendring them unfit for any employment , either in Ecclesiastical or Civil Affairs . And since it is so , that some mens bodies by their temperament do require strong drinks more than others , it is not a total abstinence but a moderate use of it which is expected : for which end , I think it a very good rule , by which to set some observable bounds to drinking ; that men would drink so far as to cherish the stomach , but not to the least elevation of the brain ; and the stomach is satisfied with a small quantity , unless a man lie under the cheat of a habit : but when the spirits of the wine , or any strong liquor , begin to mount up to the brain , from whence the soul doth principally , and most immediately act ; the contemplative power begins to be disquieted , and unfixt , and the soul now to fluctuating , as it were , and wavering in her motion , ( her best , and steady operations being hindred ) pleases her self with being conversant about outward things , and trivial objects , and lies more exposed to the danger of frequent temptations : this which I speak of is but the first change of the brain , when it is altered from its usual tone and composure ; and although a man may drink to this pitch , and yet carry civility about him , and a favourable correspondence with men , because his tongue doth not falter , neither is his understanding so obscured , as to fail , at least in matters of common converse ; yet this person who hath done nothing unacceptable to the world , hath so changed the Scene within himself , that he is now more at the command of his sensual appetite , than before , and his noble faculties begin to lean towards the world , and stagger in the sight of God , though his legs stand firm before the eyes of them that see him : I appeal to the consciences of any such plausible drinkers , whether they do not find themselves more cold in acts of devotion , more fond of outward pleasures , more affected with the thoughts of temporal honours , and the favour of great men , more than the love of Jesus . Whether the contemplation of eternity , and the estate of their souls in reference to that being , doth so well relish with them at that time ? If they did so , why do they not wave a Stage-play , and go to publick prayers , which are at that time ? Why , instead of going to a wrangling Gaming-house , do they not study the game of Christianity , that they may beat that experienced Gamester the Devil , and win their souls , which lye continually at stake , and are in imminent danger of being lost ? What a sad thing is it that so noble a Creature as man , should rest in , and be contented with trifles , for whom are prepared the glories of eternity , if here he will take upon him the easie yoke , and light burden of Christ ? Now although many men that drink not , may , and do often these things , and far worse ; yet drink betrayes them more easily to vanities , and idle pastimes ; therefore be carefull to avoid this degree of drinking , and thou wilt then be secure from the scandalous sin of visible drunkenness , which is the beastly consummation of the former . I do not speak this to perswade men from society , and chearfulness ; as if Religion , and Mirth were things inconsistent ; since I know that true Mirth is found no where else : But we do for the most part mistake Mirth the most of any thing , accounting that it consists in laughter only ; whereas properly a man may be most truly merry when he laugheth least : For none laugh more than Idiots , and men of weak understanding , and sensualists ; while men advanced in knowledge , and quieted in mind , by serious and due reflections on themselves , do it but seldom : but none will deny but the latter sort have the greater cause for mirth , and consequently must needs be more truly merry : for true mirth is a complacency of the mind , arising from the apprehension of our personal happiness ; yet while we are in the body , laughter is natural , and if it be kept within its bounds , and placed upon right subjects , is both allowable , and conducing to health ; but is not tyed to the Glass , or Bowl . This caution against drinking , concerns those chiefly whose bodies require strong drinks in some small proportion , ( for none do much ) since those who are of another temperament , will abstain without any mans counsel , or any virtue of their own , which is only seen where there are propensities to the contrary ; though some men of this sort may contract habits to themselves , contrary to the first requisites of nature . I cannot methinks disswade men enough from this sin , because I have so often drawn others into it , and therefore hope to make some reparation for the spiritual hurt I may have done them who are yet living , whiles for those of my associates who are departed this life , I hope the mercies of God did overtake them : and I wish from my soul that the spiritual dangers which I have experimented , and do know to be in that which we call good fellowship , or a chirping Cup ( two seducing terms ) and the great scandal , besides the sin it self , which is in staggering drunkenness , may have such an influence upon those who have no account to make for any thing that they have yet done as to this sin , that they may never commit it ; and for those who have , and do yet continue in it , that considering the great dangers attending upon it , which ( though now drown'd in the lavers of the Grape ) will one day rise up and shew themselves to their terrour , they may start from it with as terrible apprehensions , while they may prevent the danger , as the reprobate will do at Hell when time is past , and he cannot escape it . For my own particular , I have habituated my self to this vice from my youth , and of later years have continued in it upon a misapprehension , that the predominancy of my temperament being Melancholy , which is cold , and dry , it did require the supply of some accidental heat to correct it : but I do now think I have mistaken my self all this while , since looking back upon my beginning , I do not find I was so when I was under tutelage ; and therefore do impute it to a habit contracted since , and some intervening causes of discontent : but since it is so easie a thing to be cheated into an ill custom , and so dangerous to be under it , it behoves us to be very vigilant against this adversary , which comes in the shape of nature , and hath such great advantages upon us . Custom hath an interest in the actions of the whole world ; in good men it disposeth them to goodness , though the first Principle that moves in them is a Principle of Grace ; but when the sanctified Soul hath made some progress in a good life , custom comes in , and promotes it , and facilitates our perseverance : in bad men likewise it disposeth , and enclines them the more strongly to vice ; and you shall find , that men who accustom themselves to a constant afternoons-draught in the week dayes , seldomest go to an afternoons Sermon upon the Sunday , if they go at all ; because the ill habit prevails so strongly , that the vitiated stomach must have its false wants supplyed , though the soul miss of her spiritual repast . To prevent the contracting of this habit upon such as are yet free , and to set those at liberty who are enslaved by it , I shall propose this general remedy ; be alwayes employed in lawfull exercises : It is an Epidemical disease amongst the Nobility and Gentry of this Nation , to be sick of their time ; which is such a burthen to them , that being tired with the tediousness of the day , they must either drink or trifle it away to avoid a surfeit ; this as it is a disparagement to their judgments , so it is an exceeding detriment to their souls : for since man hath a soul which must be eternally sav'd or damn'd , he is a fool that thinks he wants employment , and he doth every minute draw nearer to the ruine of himself ; therefore let none of us ever pretend that we want business . If I have no accounts to take concerning my estate , no Law-suits to follow ; though I am not a Magistrate , or a Divine , though I have no Office at Court , though I have the Gout and cannot walk ; though I am blind , or shut up in a dungeon from conversing either with Men or Books , or whatsoever can befall me ; yet still I have a soul which is in her militant estate , and in the worst of these conditions , I can do acts of repentance , reflecting with sorrow and detestation upon my sins past , and renewing my purposes of amendment : I can meditate upon Gods Mercies and all his Attributes ; I can perform acts of Praise to him : and for those publick actions which I cannot do if I am denied the liberty of my body , and the society of men , yet I can have them in voto , and desiring to do what I am denied , and so I can keep on my journey to Heaven , though I lie shakled in a dungeon . But indeed employment is as generally mistaken as mirth ; for most men think they want it , if their time be not spent in some bodily exercise , or upon some slight or common subject ; but for meditation upon God and the Soul , the concernments of it , that 's accounted a symptom of Melancholy , and reading , writing , or discoursing of any thing that is serious , or profitable , which comes the nearest to it . A great cause of this evil ariseth , either from the carelesness of Parents in not giving their Children a literate education , or their own neglect of improving it , when they are at liberty from their Tutors , or Parents , or whoever had the charge of them : for as the Principles of Learning and Knowledge do wear out , so the delight in superficial things grows more strong and prevalent ; because the knowledge of any one thing , and the delight in it , alwayes go , and come together ; since we cannot take pleasure in any thing which we are ignorant of : therefore Hawking , Hunting , Horse-matches , Gaming , Stage-plays , and the like , are made the business of our time , in which our delights do terminate , which should only be used to unbend the mind , and give it relief after serious employments ; and to exercise the body for the preservation of health , being altogether subordinate to greater ends : and this is one reason why Taverns are so much frequented ; because Libraries are out of request , and holy , learned , or serious communications do not relish with us . But this is not sufficient to excuse them ; for though men either want education , or stifle it , yet they cannot extinguish Reason , and lose the Principles of Religion , which they have in their Catechisms , in their Bibles , and by Preaching ; and therefore upon that account it is expected by God , that they yield obedience to him proportionably to this common , and general Knowledge ; which if any man fails to do , want of education will not be a sufficient plea , because it will be found to be an act of his will , running contrary to these degrees of Knowledge : if any man shall say at the Tribunal of Christ , that he spent his time in drinking , and idle pastimes , because he was not brought up to Learning , what will that avail him , who did live under the means of Grace , which were sufficient for his salvation ? for though he had no knowledge in Tongues , and Sciences , yet he knew the Commandments of God , and could not plead ignorance in presumptuous sins : and though he that cannot read and understand Greek , or Latin ; yet if he can read English , let him spend a part of his time in reading the Bible , and other good Books : and though he cannot discourse in Natural or Moral Philosophy , or in the Metaphysicks , nor much in practical Divinity ; yet let him speak within the limits of his knowledge , let him reprove common sins , and give all encouragement to the generals of a holy life , both by word and example : and if he be sooner tired with discourse , than men of greater knowledge would be ; then let him betake himself ( as I advised before ) to some honest divertisements ; but not to any thing that hath the least appearance of evil in it ; the result of this is , that whether a man be literate , or illiterate , he may serve God : and those Gentlemen of our Nation that are not members of the Commonwealth of Learning , may yet be members of the Mystical Body of Christ : and though their delight in great Studies , in Polemical Discourses and Meditations are lost , proportionably to the decay of their Knowledge ; yet their time may be the more spent in the Agenda of Religion , and they may be allowed a more frequent use of lawfull recreations , but not of drinking , though but to good fellowship ; which though the word sounds finely , a man can hardly do it and secure his innocence : but since the remedy of continual employment is not sufficient for an accustomed drinker , he must unravel the habit by little and little , to which the shunning of idleness will very much help him . To conclude , Let us be carefull to resist all the species and kinds of sin whatsoever ; for it is only sin which can deprive us of the favour of God , which if once we are excluded from , we are eternally lost ; but especially the sin of Drinking , which is the unhappy Parent of all other sins , and therfore the more carefully to be withstood ; which care if this short Admonition may but stir up in one soul , I should more rejoyce to know , than to have the greatest honour of the Nation conferred upon me . Now to God the Father , God the Son , and God the holy Ghost , be all honour , glory , praise and adoration , given by me , and by all his creatures , from hence forth to all eternity Amen . FINIS . AN ENQUIRY INTO THE Sinfulness of my Life : Composed of Confessions and Supplications FOR PARDON . CHAP. I. MY intention in writing this , is to make restitution ( a necessary circumstance required from true repentance ) for the publick injuries I may very probably have done to the persons of many , who have beheld the licentious part of my life : I did write about a twelve month since , this , being the 15 th of April , An. Dom. 1664. A short dehortation from a sinfull life , but principally the sin of Drinking ; which I did for the same end I write this : I purposed then to do what good I could both by Precept and Example . But alas , since that I have miserably fallen into the same Vice , even the Sin of Drinking , which I chiefly reproved , but not without many checks , serious retirements , and fresh attempts to overcome the Vice ; and herein I manifestly discover the depravedness of my Will , and the proneness of my corrupted Nature to offend God : for when I did set my self most seriously to do good , I did find evil to be present with me ; O miserable man that I am ! But for the residue of my dayes , if Gods ineffable Mercy shall add any more to my life , I do firmly purpose to spend them in a strict observation of Divine Laws , having gained by a most dangerous experience , clearer apprehensions concerning the temperament of my body , the unprofitableness , and deceitfulfulness of sin , a better insight into the subtilty of the Devils proceedings against my deluded soul : O thou who givest both to will , and to do , and in that bounteous act hast not been partial to any , that none might be excusable in sinning before thee , stir up thy gifts in me , and co-operate with my weak endeavours , suffering me to live so long , that I may have time to make up a sound evidence for my interest in Christ , though not of so long a date as those happy souls who have been long proficients in the Doctrine , and practice of the true Christian Religion : for whom I bless thee , praying that my end may be such , as to bring me into the same place with them , though I be never so low in my celestial degree . CHAP. II. MY Fathers care was such as not to deny me any thing for my Education : I lived in my Fathers House with my dear Brother under two Tutors , the last of which , I being arrived to a greater measure of understanding , had a great affection to . He was of an affable disposition , and exprest great love to us , even with tears at his departing from us : he was very Religious , which I may say was not unpleasant to me when I was very young ; but the Vice of Drinking did soon overtake me by the reason of some loose acquaintance , who gave me an ill Example , so that I began to go with them to Alehouses , which did soon initiate me in an ill habit , which was much sooner taken up , than it could be since removed : Thus I continued till I was about thirteen years of age , at which time I went with my Father to Oxford , which was then a Garrison ; there I being alone with my Father , was much in his eye , which did restrain me very well from drinking : being likewise sent to All-Souls-Colledge , where a Gentleman read Greek to me in the mornings , I had there likewise a civil play-fellow , M r Thomas Sanderson , with whom I spent my time in harmless Recreations ; but afterwards being very desirous to go along with my Cousin Martin Harvy to his Quarters , not far from Oxford , who Commanded a Troop of Horse , and was willing to shew me the Countrey , and some part of the Army , for which I was very importunate with my Father ; but he would not suffer me to go from him , but carried me along with him back again to his Countrey-house in Surrey . But afterwards my Father went back again to Oxford to wait upon the King , and I was more at liberty again , and pestered again with my old Companions , especially after the departure of my Tutor , which was not long after : but in the midst of my idle and sensual life , I had intermissions of consideration not without some trouble ; my bashfulness , which I always had in a measure more than ordinary , did much incline me to drink , finding that did embolden me : for which reason I have wisht I had been brought up at some publick School , rather than in my Fathers House ; supposing that strange company , and being from under the tender wing of my dearest Mother , I might have been rouzed up , by being put more to my shifts ; and my bashfulness abated , by being accustomed to the company of strangers . And indeed I found manifestly , that being so much confined to home , through the carefull fear , and love both of my Father and Mother , bashfulness and melancholy did so gain upon and take root in me , that it was always a great disturbance to my life : I found likewise my memory both slow , and not retentive , occasioned by that fixtness which was upon me , and that occasioned by the want of business to employ my memory , and inform my judgment , and excite my thoughts , which contributed much to fix me more in melancholy , and want of confidence ; which though not so considered of by my Father and Mother , yet I found manifestly in my self , it was a great occasion of mischief to me , and did expose me to a loose life : But Lord , had I stirred up in my self that stock of Grace , and those Divine Principles , which were infused into me by thy self , the fountain of holiness and purity , and the instiller of holy motions , thou wouldest undoubtedly have come into my soul with such controuling power as would have reduced my disordered mind to an obedience to thy heavenly will , the absence of which hath bred in me so great matter of discomfort : but if thy goodness shall spare me for so much future obedience as may place me in the favour of thy self , I shall more esteem it than thousands of Gold and Silver . A Prayer . I Desire , Eternal Jesus , to call upon Thee from the depth of my sorrows ; upon Thee , O Divinity incarnate , whose mercies are bottomless , and whose Merits can bury the most vast extuberances of repented sin from the eye of thy Fathers Justice , and secure the relenting sinner from the stroke of his Omnipotent hand ; which nothing can intercept but thy self , who art all , and whose intire Obedience can answer all the objections of Divine fury , and out-wrastle Justice when she makes her greatest assaults . But O my presumptuous soul ! though it be true that the Mercies of God in Christ exceed all proportions , and that there are continuall springs of compassion , which are ever flowing from the breasts of his goodness ; yet how can that avail thee , while thou art bathing thy self in sensuality , and courting thy treacherous lusts , who were the murtherers of the blessed Jesus ; whom if thou chase from thee , which thou must needs do , if thou welcome thy sins , she goes along with the blessed Lamb , and never leaves him ; where he is , she is still to be sound ; and had not he come into the visible world , she had never presented her self to mankind , but they must have been ever separated from the Glories of Eternity : What can the best extracted cordial do to a man who is naturally dead ? neither can these cordials of salvation advantage thee who art spiritually so . Most blessed Lord make me a subject capable of thy mercy by faith and repentance , for else the preparations of thy mercy will be my greatest misery ; to see redemption at a distance , causeth a languishment of the soul here , if she have any residues of Grace while mercy is not irrecoverable : but to see her removed , when she can never return , yet so many times offered in the day of Grace , is the most bitter ingredient of eternal misery . Suffer me most glorious Jesus , who am but dust and ashes , to speak unto my Lord ; and let me ask at the mouth of wisdom , how it comes to pass that my heart should pant after thee now , and anon grow cold and disobedient ? can Christ and Belial be inmates together ? If I love thee and desire thee above all things to day , why do I leave thee next , since thou art more delectable the second day than the first , and the third day than the second ; since thy essential sweets do not like those thou hast created , glut the appetite , but become the more gratefull the more frequently they are tasted ? Oh it is my original corruption which strives to demolish those reparations of Grace which are in my soul by thy death , and to obscure those reinfused sparks : But Lord let thy additional Grace , joyned to that twinkling light which yet remains in me , improve it to such a flame by thy frequent supplies , that by its light I may discover my sins ; and by its heat they may be consumed , who would betray me into that fire which should ever light me and ever burn me , but never consume me : Blessed Redeemer , I have not onely my own inherent sinfulness , and the spirit of spirits separated from thy self to encounter withall ; but there is another cause in nature which depresses my soul from rising up to her Lord , the flesh which is ever warring against the spirit ; and besides the usuall evils of it , there is more in me than the bodies of men do often bring with them ; thou know'st it Lord , for thou made'st me , and since thou did'st , I am silent ; I know thou madest me to thy Glory : what though I have more of earth in the composition of my body than others have , by which the motion of my animal and vital spirits is obstructed ; though my apprehension and memory be not so quick and retentive , if I obey my Redeemer , and hearken to his charms , the spirit of Jesus shall inspire and quicken my soul ▪ which if it be nimble and active in its correspondencies to the Rules of Christ , I shall have a large amends for the splene and dulness of my body : But when I have been troubled with the incumbency of this weight , I have not looked up unto my blessed Jesus , whom I might have seen through my thickest blood ; since that excellent spirit which I am by Creation , doth not require the body to its sublime operations ; but instead of this most injured Saviour , I have run to thy Creatures for help , yet that I might have done , for they had not been but to preserve my being , and support my natural life ; but ah wretch that I am , I have made an inordinate use of them , and turned thy blessings into my own curses instead of putting my soul into a more serviceable estate for thy glory , by correcting the disproportions of my temperament , I have defaced her beauty with intemperance , and exposed her to the assaults of Lusts , and Devils : But Oh most meek and mercifull Jesus , though I made a resignation of my self , thou didst not give me away by substracting the residues of thy Grace , but my spirit even in her most deliberate aberrations from thy Rule , was the object of thy infinite mercy ; and as thy Apostle S t Peter in his diffidence was supported by thy graciously extended Arm from being drowned in the sea of waters , so was my soul secured by thy stupendous compassion from being overwhelmed by the consequences of my sin : Most dear Jesus , inflame my soul I beseech thee so with thy love , that being set on fire with thee , it may like unto these elementary flames which thou hast made , be still tending upwards in heavenly aspirations , till its desire shall arrive to a most happy fruition . Sweet Jesus my Redeemer , pardon thy Creature who dare thus to expostulate with thee ; the enquiries into Men and Books return upon us with a retinue of errours , unless we come to Thee who art the Oracle of Divine Truth : It is most true , Lord , that we must use those means to attain Knowledge which thou hast laid before us ; and not dream for infusions of truth to drop from thy treasures of wisdom into the gaping idleness of our life ; such Enthusiastick Spirits must know their ignorance of the value of truth , that it should be so poorly attainable before they can be in a capacity of further information . A Prayer . O Eternal and most merciful Lord God , whose eyes are alwayes upon the Children of men ; look down I humbly beseech thee upon me , who in great distress of mind , and anguish of spirit , do here prostrate my self both soul and body before thy Divine Majesty , beseeching thee ( who art the God of all consolation ) to assist and comfort me thy poor Servant ( though exceeding sinfull ) with refreshments from thy self , and let thy heavenly support be alwayes ready to hold me up , that I may not sink under the burthen of sad and melancholy apprehensions which so incessantly oppress my soul : Lord , let thy holy spirit from above so raise my dejected spirit from the depth of sorrow , and frightfull imaginations which do continually assault me . Dear Father , I confess , that my life hath been a continual reiteration of sin , and daily repetition of all wickedness and impiety ; that time which should have been measured out in praising and magnifying thy holy Name , hath been spent in the service of Satan that grand enemy of thy Truth and our Salvation ; I have made a profession of godliness in outward appearance , but have denied the power thereof , as if I had favoured Religion for no other end but to preserve my Name from scandal and reproach ; and so O Lord have preferred my own temporary credit before the honour of thy holy Name , and my own eternal safety ; all the sins that in thy decalogue for a Christians life thou hast forbidden to be done , do I stand guilty of O Lord ; and all the duties thou hast commanded thy people to perform , O Lord , I have neglected , and therefore all the judgments thou hast denounced against sinners , O Lord , I have most justly deserved : so that most righteous God when I look upon thy Justice recorded in thy sacred Word , and then behold my own sinfulness which I cannot see but in the same glass , I find such a disproportion , that nothing is then left to me but the expectation of thy everlasting displeasure : But dear Father , if thou whose most pure eyes cannot behold the least sin with approbation , should'st strictly enquire into the Lives of men , even the best men ; and be extream to mark what they have done amiss , none were sufficient to stand before thee and endure thy touch , for there is none that doth good , no not one : But thou Lord hast another look wherein Mercy reigns in abundant measure , and casts so sweet regards towards the souls of repenting sinners , as can in one moment raise them from death to life , for which we bless thee , for which we praise thee O sweet Jesus the author and finisher of our salvation , who hast satisfied thy Fathers wrath , and hast given us access by Grace through thy infinite merits ; and here O Lord I am emboldened to renew my petition , first , for the pardon of all my sins past in his blood , and then dear Father for all spiritual blessings and temporal which thou seest conducible for me ; but especially , O Lord , in this Prayer , I beg for a chearfull heart , without which I cannot serve thee as I ought , being indisposed to those holy Duties which thou requirest from me by the incumbency of sadness , and a disturbed phantasie , strange fears and deep imaginations do take hold upon me , but remove them I beseech thee , and establish in me the fear of thy Name , and no other fear , sorrow or sadness for having sinned against thee ; that I may be alwayes merry in Jesus Christ , and may run with chearfulness the race which thou hast set before me : Lord hear me for the sake of thy beloved Son , and my sweet Saviour , let my prayers and daily cryings come before thee , but let my sins be never heard , O Lord ; I will ever be lifting up my voice unto thee , Lord send me comfort from thy Holy Place , that while I live in this world , I may be a comfort and a delight unto my self , and not a burthen , but above all things , a persevering Christian through Jesus Christ. Amen . FINIS . PHYSIOLOGIA : OR The Nature of EXTERNALS briefly discuss't . SHEWING , That no true Pleasure can be deriv'd from SENSIBLE OBJECTS . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Plut. contra Chrysip . LONDON , Printed by J. M. for Henry Bonwicke at the Red Lyon in S. Paul's Church-yard , MDCLXXXI . TO THE Highly Honourable GEORGE DUKE of BUCKINGHAM His GRACE . My Lord , I Am encouraged from Your Graces former Respects to me , and the honour of being related to Your Person , to dedicate to Your Grace this Enchiridion : The matter of the discourse in it , out of my Duty to Virtue , I dare not but call good , though not the management of it : since by the Rule of Morals , Good doth Constare ex Integris , and will not admit of the least Evil , or smallest Errour into its composition . The simplicity of my intentions will only endure this touchstone , which I may safely say are to promote Truth , and no wayes to obtrude Falsities . I humbly offer to Your Graces Patronage , only that part of it which hath escap't misprisions ; as for the other it will be enough that it be defended from the rude attacques of the world , under the Authority of Your Graces Protection , though not of Your Approbation : Your Graces most humble , and firmly devoted servant , George Freman . PHYSIOLOGIA : Or the Nature of EXTERNALS briefly discuss't . BElzebub the Lord of Flies ( as his Name signifies in the Hebrew ) is with his swarms of revolted spirits continually buzzing about the Souls of Men , and suggesting to our minds falsities for truths : perswading us , that not Internal , but External things are the matter of true Pleasure , that so causing us to erect our hopes upon a rotten foundation , at the time of our death when that shall fail , the structure may fall to the ground , nay , much lower , even into the Abyss of despair . The sad issues of this suggestion , are much promoted by our Essential consistency of Spirit and Body : the material , and bodily part always disposing us to the pursuance of Outward things , contrary to the approbation of the Intellectual . But since the depravation of Mans Will by the fall of Adam , we are united to Errour , and need not a Tempter to lead us out of the way ; for both the Principles of our Being do now dispose us to wrong Objects : therefore to lay open this grand Fallacy , it being in a matter of so great concernment , as is the Eternal happiness or perdition of Men ; let us examine what is requisite to the constituting of true Pleasure . To the making up then of true and real Pleasure , I shall lay down these three Conditions as requisite : First , That the Object be suitable to the Soul. Secondly , That the Soul be put into Fruition of this suitable Object . Thirdly , That the perpetuity of this Fruition be ensur'd to it . Now let us enquire , whether External things , considered simply in themselves , and not relatively , as they have respect to greater ends , have these three Conditions in them , or no. First then : Is any External thing an Object suitable to the mind of Man ? I answer , That no External thing is : because they all want two Qualifications which are requisite to make an Object suitable to the mind ; the first of which is , That it be congeneal and of the same nature with the Soul : that is , a substance immaterial , or spiritual . The second , that it have in it a sufficiency to gratifie all the Appetites of the Soul. First , No outward thing is immaterial , or spiritual , for a spiritual substance comes not within the notice of our senses : and though in Scripture we read of the appearing of Angels , as three to Abraham , two to Lot , one to Cornelius , another to S t Peter : yet this must be suppos'd to have been by the assumption of bodies , to which they were united , not essentially , but occasionally , and pro tempore : for in other places the Scripture tells us what their natures are ; calling them Spirits , Psal. 104. vers . 4. Heb. chap. 1. vers . 14. and although I find no decisive Text , for that Opinion of the Church of Rome , that there is a Tutelary , and a seducing Angel , attending upon every Man and Woman , and likewise Children , which was indeed held amongst the Heathen , under the terms of bonus , and malus Genius ; yet it speaks indefinitely , Heb. 1. 14. that they are all ministring Spirits for the Elect : but notwithstanding their presence appears not to them , when they come in their own Natures . So likewise the Souls of Men are not within the notice of our senses , being Spirits , and incorporeal substances , as Angels are : for which we have the testimony of Scripture ; Man was made after the Image and Similitude of God. But since the sense of these words , Image and Similitude , is much controverted in the Schools , let us look into the twelfth of the Hebrews , at the ninth verse , Furthermore , we had fathers of our flesh which corrected us , and we gave them reverence , shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of Spirits , and live ? where Souls are called Spirits in opposition to flesh . Besides the Testimony of Scripture , we have a demonstration of their nature in the death of every Man , for though the Soul be separated from the body , yet the standers by see it not : we hear nothing but the groans of the dying person caus'd by the motion of Parts ; we feel nothing but a coldness in the extremities of the body , caused by the cessation of motion ; we smell nothing but a putrid savour caus'd by the corruption of humours , neither do we tast any thing : On the contrary , all outward , and corporeal things are obvious to some one of our senses : for instance ; though we cannot hear the Light , we can see it ; though we cannot see the Air , we can feel it ; and though we taste not the white of an Egg , yet we can see it , or feel it ; and though we cannot smell a piece of Glass , yet we can likewise see it , or feel it ; and so of all material things that are at a due distance from the organs of our sense . And here before we look into the second thing requisite , let us examine why it is necessary that the Object be of the same nature with the Soul. Thus then ; the Soul of Man being immaterial , that which makes it happy by the fruition of it self , must likewise be immaterial , for as it is a fundamental in Physick , that Nutrition is made by Similaries : so likewise is this assertion true in the Metaphysical complacency between the Soul , and the Object ; it cannot receive a proper supply from any thing that doth not bear an affinity with it in its substance , and qualities . This reciprocall delight between Parties is discoverable in every species of Created Beings , and in every action in Natura naturata . In Physicks , flame and flame embrace one another ; but a furious conflict ariseth from the convention of fire and water : in Morals , goodness accords with goodness , but vice will not be suffered to dwell with virtue : and in the Metaphysical action of the contemplation of the Soul , we see experimentally , that she cannot content her self with inferiour Objects , but is still seeking to her self some more excellent matter of delight : which desires of the mind intelligent men may take notice of in themselves , if they will be self-observers . This appetite of the Soul , is the reason why Solomon was not contented with all his clusters of delights ; though he turn'd over the whole world , as it were , yet he arrived not to the summ of his desires , but still there remained in his spirit , an appetite after something more than any exteriour thing could furnish him withall : so that at last he openly proclaims them all to be ( excuse the catachresis ) but full of emptiness . Seneca saith of Augustus Caesar , that he delighted to talk of laying down the Scepter , and of betaking himself to a recluse life . And we read that the Emperour Charles the fifth resigned up the Low-Countries and Burgundy , and afterward all the rest of his Dominions , to his Son Philip in his life-time . And of the Emperour Theodosius , that he delivered up the charge of the Empire to his two Sons Arcadius , and Honorius , though with power to resume it , which he never did : and many other precedents of the same kind doth History present us withall , of which it is reasonable to think , that it was not only the troubles which usually attend Crowns , caused this in them ( others being deputed to bear the greatest burdens in that kind ) but rather , that all their enlargements could not present them with any thing agreeable to those secret appetites of their minds : and this dissatisfaction there is in all the entertainments of sense : by which it appears , that the great capacities of the Soul can never be filled up with these lean , and scanty Objects : and whiles that Capacity is unsupplyed , there will be a coveting of those things which are the proper Objects of its nature , and so long as there is that appetite , the mind cannot be said to enjoy true pleasure . But here I expect to have it objected to me , That upon this account , the Virtuous Man , as well as the Sensualist , cannot be said to enjoy true Pleasure , because the former as well as the latter , hath not while he is in the body his appetite satisfied : To this I answer , That when the mind is once set right , and hath made a choice of that which is intrinsecally good , and suitable to its nature ; immediately it begins to enjoy true Pleasure : because although it do still desire more , yet doth it not covet any thing better or of a more excellent nature , than it hath already tasted of , so that the desires of the mind are stopt quoad rem ; because it doth not covet any thing contrary to , or desperate from what it hath already pitch't upon ; but not quoad mensuram rei , because it desires to be put into a full fruition of that , which it now enjoys but in part : upon which account the Kingdom of Grace and Glory , seem not to me to differ otherwise than gradually ; so that the Spiritual man hath something of that he desires , but not all : yet so much as he hath sufficeth to bring him true Pleasure ; though not to make up the integrality of it : while the Sensual Man pursuing a wrong Object , cannot possibly while he doth so , arrive at true pleasure . The second thing requisite to constitute , or make an Object suitable to the mind , is , that it have wherewithal to gratifie all the appetites of the Soul : but no external thing can accommodate the mind with more than it hath in it self , that is , it cannot entertain it with spiritual delights : how far short will it prove then of satisfying the Soul with all it is capable of in spirituals ? this being more than any created Intelligence can administer to it : for though we find many excellencies in Angels , and the Souls of Men , by the reason that they are intelligent Natures , yet they have not that sufficiency in them which is requisite to an Object that is in all respects suitable to the mind ; which must not only present it with something spiritual and incorporeal , but likewise with whatsoever it can covet within the genus of spiritual and immaterial existencies ; and this nothing can do , but that satiating Plenitude , which is only to be found in God : which appears to be true by that propensity which Men of large apprehensions have to enquire into those remote Truths which yet they cannot see clearly into : there is a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Rom. 1. 19. which hath such a Magnetick virtue in it , that it is alwayes drawing the Soul towards it self , neither will the Spirit of Man be ever at rest , till it be united to the Son of God , and put into a full fruition of the Deity . How do we hear even young Students wrangle about the dividing of a body into so small parts , and that it is not capable of further division ? for not conceiving how it can be , that so long as there remains something in quantity , that quantity should not be capable of being separated , at least Intellectu , though not Actu , and yet not understanding how a body can admit infinite separations , they are still searching into this Abstrusity which remains with God. What Battologies have we about Free-will and respective Decrees ? not being able to distinguish between the precognition of God , and his concurrence of volition , or necessitation ? how are we prying into the mystery of the Incarnation ? into the nature of the Trinity ? there are certain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which S t Peter speaks of to be in S t Pauls Epistles ; which although they are things hard to be understood , yet are we still coveting to comprehend them ; which aspirations of the Soul do shew , that it was created for matters of a higher concernment , than any created substance can furnish it withall from themselves : for such things are to be found only in God , inhesively , or subjectively , but they may be communicated to us by Angels , who know them either by acquisition , or divine infusion : and these tendencies of the mind , are arguments to me , that the Soul of Man is capable of apprehending those abstracted Truths , which it so covets to know while it is in the body ; because our pressing to know , seem's to me to be an immediate effect , of our wanting , or being ignorant of something which our minds are comprehensive of : and therefore Beatified spirits cease to desire more , because their capacities are fill'd ; which is perfect Happiness ad modum recipientis . But it may be objected , That the Angels which fell desired to be equal with God , but it was impossible it should be so , therefore we must not measure our capacities by our desires . To this I answer : First , that I do not believe they ever did , because , it must seem to be below the extent of their knowledge , which reached to so vast a height , to entertain with the least hopes such a childish Ambition , but rather that their Lapse did arise from a spleen , and malice to God for advancing Mankind so high : or if it could be so : we must distinguish between an undue , and vitious , and a natural , or necessary act of the will : I 'le suppose their's to have been an audacious , and arbitrary willing of that which was ipso facto destructive to their happiness ; but these propensities of our Souls , which God hath so infused into us , that we cannot suppress them , are continual willings as it were against our wills , and are therefore natural , and to be accounted of , as the effects of our present defective state , and these I am induced to believe , will hereafter attain to , what they have strain'd for here . But not to make any farther digression : Let us enquire into the second thing requisite to true Pleasure , which is fruition . It is not enough that there is in nature an Object suitable to the mind , but there must be such an application of it to our persons , as may make us true Possessors of it : and here I cannot say exclusively , that there is no fruition in the Pleasures of sense , for were there not , the Devil would have no train at his heels , but they will be found to be very inconsiderable , and equivalent with none at all . And first let us consider the Glutton , who makes not that the end of eating which he should , namely the support of his natural life ; as S t Augustine , Hoc mihi docuisti , ut quemadmodum Medicamenta sic Alimenta sumpturus accedam : How soon doth his sweet bit pass over the threshold of his tongue , and then his Pleasure is over for that morsel , consisting but in ipso transitu ; and although he puts in another , and another , yet it cannot be long e're his stomack will be filled , and then he must cease repeating it , till Nature or Art have disposed of the Load after a Scene of sick Qualms : in the mean time the whole Machine is out of frame , especially the Brain which can least be spared , and he fitter to converse with the same Species of Creatures wherewith he hath filled his paunch , than with Men to whom he bears but an outward resemblance in the manner of his extension , and figure of his body . How momentany is the lascivious man's delight ! he looks on a Woman , and lusts after her : if he gain not his purpose , her face is looked upon by him , with an impetuous Lust , and discomposure at her Chastity , so that her presence is a positive torture to him : if he gains her consent ; his furious lust hurries him to that bestial act , where his fruition like a flash of lightning , dies in its birth , even in the midst of an impatient desire . Aristotle speaking of Venereal pleasure , says , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Animum non exerceri in illâ . So likewise the Miser , how narrow is his Heaven ! he procures his Money with bodily pains , hazard , and base submission ; and the far greater part of his time being usually run out before he comes into his Kingdom , his reign is very short ; and although the fear of not arriving to it , be vanisht , yet the fear of loss , which is greater , rises up in the place of the former , besides the apprehension that so small a part of his life remains to him , for the enjoyment of what he has procured with so much difficulty . The Ambitious man what enjoyment has he ? who after much busling in the world , many dangers escaped , much expence it may be of his purse , gains his Minion Honour , and then holds it in Pride , which is a great pain to him that gives entertainment to that Vice ; because his Reverence seldom , or never answers his expectation : for the Wise and Virtuous , ( who are the venerable part of the world ) cut off their respects to him , out of a just disesteem of his Person , or it may be out of charity to him ; that the disregard he meets with , may be to him as a Julep , to allay the Feaver of his Pride ; giving him only precedency , his Title , and the compellations belonging to it , out of Duty to the King who hath conferred them upon him . From the immorigerous Nobility and Gentry , 't is likely he receives none at all ; because their uncultivated stoutness will not stoop to any circumstances of observance ; and as for the common scrapings that are made to him , he values not those submissions , because of the meanness of the Honourers ; it being a good Moral Thesis , that , Honor est in honorante . And now for the good Fellows ( as they are call'd , ) what Pleasure have they ? By the raising of the Animal spirits to an undue pitch , they draw down their Souls ; the Soul and the Body being in this case like a pair of Buckets in a Well ; as one rises , so t'other sinks , and being fallen from the delight of a sober Speculation , to the pitifull ticklings of an impertinent mirth ; what with broils , arising from mistakes incident to such fantastick converses , or else the surprize of a drowzy intoxication , he hath very little time to enjoy his loss ; Intemperantia desinit in nihil , saith S t Chrysostome ; Intemperance ends in nothing , or at least in no good , which in the sense of the Schools , is nothing : but those privations , or nothings , will I presume in the end , from the sad consequences that issue immediately from them be concluded to be positive , and that Mens Souls are not positively damned for doing nothing . But here it may be objected : That although there be little , or no pleasure in excess , yet in the moderate use of outward things there is . To this I answer : that there is indeed more , but even this will be found to be very inconsiderable : For External things considered as they stand alone , ( under which notion I still consider them in this discourse ) and being not chosen in reference to greater ends , yield but very little Fruition to their Incumbents . And one cause of this is , in that they alwayes glut the mind by reason of the deficiency of their being . If a man would please the sense of seeing by looking upon a handsome Woman ; when his eye by often repeated searches ( since all the lineaments of Beauty were never confined to the precincts of one face ) hath discovered all the attracts , and impresses , with all the variations of Aspects occasioned by the different motives either from within , or from outward objects , till at last he is entertained with nothing but frequent returns of what he had seen before , the disposedness of the mind to a perfect object , makes him covet to see some circumstance of Beauty , which is not comprehended within the Scene of that Womans person : from whence presently ariseth dissatisfaction , namely from the objects insufficiency which is inconsistent either with the duration or solidity of Pleasure . Therefore Conjugal fidelities , are restraints put upon the mind , whereby a man resolving to comply with the Divine Will , rescinds the irregularities of his own . If we run through the whole series of outward things we shall find them so : whereas on the contrary , as Seneca tells us , Magis Veritas elucet , quo saepius ad manum venit : The more we converse with Truth , the more we are delighted with it . Again , Outward things have another great perplexity in them , which the Sensualist often meets with , arising from the Multiplicity of them : and that is , many of them present themselves to him at once , and though they all differ from one another in their kinds , yet many times they are equal in their attractiveness , and influence upon him ; so that many times he is put to a stand concerning his Election , which is a pain to him because it detains him from Union ; for where there is a love of any thing , there is a desire of being united to it : but after a troublesom pause , the mind fixeth upon one : not because there is a decision made of the question , and that the debate is ended , which of them deserves most ; but because it is better to enjoy one than none : so that all the rest of them , being equally approved of , he carries the Idea's of them all in his fancy , though he do actually enjoy but one : which Impresses and Images in the Phansie , being many in number , and likewise fresh , and lively , draw him as forcibly to those which he hath left ( their number , and the lively traces of them which remain in the Memory , being opposed to this one , though present ) and thus is he set upon a Rack in the midst of his fruition , and so much the more , because the present enjoyment falls short of expectation : which is another evil in outward things , that they never give so much as they promise : for which there are two reasons : The first is , à parte Animae , because the preliminary , and foregoing apprehensions , which the Soul hath before enjoyment , do ever anticipate more excellency and solidity than is to be found in the object . The second reason is à parte Rei , because all outward things are more in appearance , than they are in experiment , and acutual probation : the reason is , because the Soul looking on them in their approach , and doting on the gains which is coming towards her , concludes they are as thick in substance , as ravishing in their anterior fairness ; but after they have met , and embraced , she finds , that they are both in haste to be gone , and are but a bare frontispiece of Beauty ; like the Portraictures of Kings and Queens , painted upon a flat , which behind , are nothing but dusty canvase . Another thing which doth much lessen the pleasure of them , is , that the Soul in her reflex actions , is still accusing her self , and thus expostulating with her self : Why am I thus conversant about transient things ? how long have I sought for true pleasure , and satisfaction in them but cannot find it ? certainly I was design'd for matters of a higher concernment ; since I find I can look above them , and beyond them : how do I dishonour those noble Objects , and injure my self in descending to these mean entertainments ? These and the like contrariant thoughts , are a great allay to those imaginary pleasures , and being mixt with the enjoyments , give them a very disgustfull relish . These circumstances well considered , will I suppose very much shrink up that bulk of delight , which to the abused fancy seems to be united to outward things before enjoyment : even within the limits of Moderation , when it is distinct from Virtue . Let us now look into the third Postulatum , or circumstance required to make up true pleasure , which is the certainty of its Duration . The death of all men is so confirmed to us by Arguments à parte ante , besides the Physical reasons which are produced for the necessity of it , that he that should question the continuation of it à Parte post , may carry about him his Phantastick head , to dispute it by himself , till it be laid at rest in its own Grave , to receive conviction . Here then the question is , Whether the Sensualist hath any firm ground of hope for a reversion of his pleasures after Death . The Alchoran makes fair promises to Mahomet's disciples , that they shall meet with sensual Pleasures again in the next world , and if any Voluptuous man shall presume to urge the authority of it , he is but that in profession now , which he was before in Practice : But I do assert the contrary , that it is impossible , that the Sensualist should be re-estated in the same Species of delight , in which he solaced himself during his temporal life , or in any other , from reasons Physical , Moral and Theological . First then ; the body will most certainly at its re-union with the Soul , exist after a manner as much different from this which is temporal , as to be eternally durable , differs from being dissoluble , or in a state of corruption : for eternal duration being that Divine Boon which shall be conferred upon the Totum Compositum , the entire person of man both Soul and Body ; the Body which is the material part , and which will be the Instrumental or intermediate cause , under God the Efficient , of its own duration , being by the wisdom of God fitted with those affections , and properties , which shall be requisite to that great end of Eternal duration , will in degrees proportionate to those future consequences , differ from it self , as it is now under a state of corruption . For take any two different Effects in Nature , and it will be found , that the proximate , and immediate causes of them , do differ between themselves in the same degree that the Effects do : Ex. Gra. Take a piece of Wood and a piece of Iron ; both of them smooth , and of the same figure , and bigness ; the Wood swims , the Iron sinks : proportionably to the speediness of the Irons sinking , it must differ in solidity , or closeness of parts , from the Wood which swims . This similitude is very Analogical , and by the same reason the consistency of the Body in the state of Glory will as much differ from its consistency here , as the consequences of duration , and dissolution do , these being likewise two Effects of two immediate causes . Now then to come to the thing that is to be proved : therefore the objects of Pleasure must be likewise disparate from , if not adverse to what we meet withall here , because these here are terminable , of which nature there will be nothing after Death : For the Body and the Soul being made durable to all Eternity , it is most reasonable to think that all their Celestial Accommodations must be durable too ; for else there would not be a completion of happiness , there being a discrepancy between the recipient , and the object . But to go a step farther : That a Sensual man should meet with his old ones , or any other sort of Pleasures after death , is oppugnant to the precepts of Morality . By a Sensual man I mean , such a one , as makes the attainment of corruptible things his ultimate end , whether under a Notion of moderation , or of excess : and the word excess is to be taken in a double consideration ; either excess as to the quantity of the thing , or excess as to the propriety of the thing . First , let us consider the person exceeding as to Quantity : The Miser never hath pelf enough to satisfie his avaritious mind ; for he is alwayes coveting more , while his thoughts , and appetite do terminate in Gold , and Silver as the ultimate object they aspire to : therefore he loves nothing beyond that , or above it ; for if he did , the desire of that would in process of ●ime cease , and he would desire something beyond it , or above it , since desire is a necessary effect of Love , issuing immediately from it , as from its proximate , and contiguous cause : if then he loves nothing beyond it , or above it , he sins against his natural Conscience , which still presents the Deity to him , as an object which only merits the whole stream of his affections ; for ignorance of which he hath no plea , since the universal voice of nature proclaims a Divine power ; and in this every man is a Plato to himself . Here then is a Moral Trespass , or the Commission of an Act against the secret impresses of Nature . Now the mind presently enters into consideration , whether it ought to run counter to these infused habits , or not : if a thought propounds to it that it may ; it presently asks , why then these Notions were Imprinted in it ? either they were given in vain , or else that they should be practised : If in vain ; that clashes with a Moral Axiome , Natura semper agit propter finem ; if to be practised , then an accusation of Guilt ensues : and from thence naturally arises , not an expectation of Pleasure , but of Mulct , from the Original Justice of that first Cause which fixed these Principles in the Mind . So much then for excess in Quantity that I may avoid the surplusage of Argument . In the next place , I must take a view of the Person who exceeds as to Propriety . Every Soul not obstructed by some bodily Defect , is created with apprehensions and faculties able to discriminate between common right , and common wrong . For instance : To take any thing from another man which he holds by just right either of Donation , or of Legal descent ; this cannot but be apprehended by any clear mind to be Morally Evil , that is , an Action of such a nature , that he cannot justifie the doing it by right Reason . So is it in all cases of force , where men intrench upon that to which they have not this Natural Right : for I cannot trace Right or Propriety farther than the first Possession : whence , I see yet no reason so valid to the contrary , as this is , to make me conclude that the Protoplast was Lord and Monarch of the Universe , he being not only actually seized of it , but having likewise received an unlimited Commission from God to exercise Authority over all things as we may read G. C. 1. from vers . 26. to the end : from whence it appears , that absolute Monarchy was the first Power that overlooked the earth , and that it was afterwards propagated in the world , ( though not individually , or under one person for the whole ) as we may collect from the Prerogatives which the Kings of the Nations had in the time of Samuel , ( a place cited by Salmatius in his Defensio Regia ) whereas there are no forms of stipulated Government but appear to be accidental , and superinduced by reason of succeeding dissentions , arising from great Communities of men . But to return to my purpose : If then there are such primitive Aphorisms , and simple Impresses of Truth , fixed in the Soul from its first Creation , that man cannot but rationally conclude himself an offender against that Eternal Truth from whence these communicable notions were at first derived , who goes contrary to them doth ill : for , as I said before , either these Principles are implanted in us in vain , or else that we would conform our selves to them : to say it was in vain , is prophanely to impute to God the weakness of Ideots and Children , who do Actions insignificant , and to no determinate end or purpose ; if then they were given to be put into practice , a mans natural Conscience must of necessity bring him in guilty upon his deviation from these rules ; but Guilt cannot expect a reversion of the same , or an accession of any other kind of Pleasures after death ; but on the contrary , consigns the Delinquent to a certainty of future punishment : and if in the third place any man shall say , that these Notions were infused into us purposely to deceive us , his objection deserves no answer , it being so horrid and impious . Having spoken of excess I am now to examine what attends upon the moderate use of outward things ; and in short , the moderate and decent Sensualist will miss of future happiness , because his love doth acquiesce in the thing : for 't is not the extravagancy of the Action , but the proposed end , which separates it from being good ; therefore the same Argument serves for both , since these two persons differ between themselves no otherwise than gradually , for no specifick difference doth result from the inequality of bad and worse . ● . And now to come to my third Argument ; If the Disciples of Nature cannot but expect correction , then by an argument à minore ad majus , such as have been brought up in the School of Christ , and have known Gods revealed will , cannot but expect confusion for their defaults , instead of the return of the former , or of any other kind of Pleasure : for as the Scripture saith , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ And that servant that knew , &c. Thus have I made a short inspection into the Nature of Externals , shewing that they have none of those three conditions in them which are required to the constituting of true Pleasure . First , that they are not Objects suitable in their Natures , much less adequate to the mind , since to make an Object adequate it is not only requisite , that it be immaterial , but likewise that it be Divine . Secondly , that although there be some fruition of them , yet it is so often rescinded , and so much complicated , that it is not to be reckoned of : and thirdly , that it is but temporary and ends in Death : and after death , the result of sensuality is inevitable misery , when we look at outward things as our ultimate end , not using them rightly , as instrumental to the great designs of Religion : much more will they prove destructive to such as are vicious to so great a degree , as that they run into intemperances , and make these outward things become noxious to them by offending in the manner as well as in the measure , of using them , and so go on sporting to everlasting ruine : but if we be carefull in both respects to make a right use of Outward things , they will prove Salutary to us , since every thing is delivered out good to us , by the hand and verbal approbation of the Creator ; but our abuses of them poison them , and make them destructive both to our Temporal and Spiritual Life , whereas they were prepared by God to usher in the solid joyes of an Eternal world . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A70079-e3590 Confes. Lib. 10. Cap. 13. Arist. Eth. lib. 7. cap 12. The first reason taken from the deficiency of their being . Sen. Tract . de Irâ l. 2. c. 29. A second reason drawn from their multiplicity . A third reason , their false Appearance . A fourth reason drawn from the minds self-accusation . Excess as to the quantity . Excess as to Propriety . 1 Sam. Cap. 8. Luk. 12. v. 47. Ens unum verum & bonum . Miser qui laetus ad miseriam descendit sicut stultus ad crucem . Theophylact . Gen. 1. v. 13.