New observations on the natural history of this world of matter, and this world of life in two parts : being a philosophical discourse, grounded upon the Mosaick system of the creation and the flood : to which are added some thoughts concerning paradise, the conflagration by Tho. Robinson ...
         Robinson, Thomas, d. 1719.
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
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         A57471
         Wing R1719
         ESTC R14369
         12390765
         ocm 12390765
         60989
         
           
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             New observations on the natural history of this world of matter, and this world of life in two parts : being a philosophical discourse, grounded upon the Mosaick system of the creation and the flood : to which are added some thoughts concerning paradise, the conflagration by Tho. Robinson ...
             Robinson, Thomas, d. 1719.
          
           [45], 222, [3] p., 2 folded leaves of plates : ill.
           
             Printed for John Newton ...,
             London :
             1696.
          
           
             Errata: p. [43].
             Advertisements: p. [1]-[2] at end.
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Creation -- Early works to 1800.
           Meteorology -- Early works to 1800.
           Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works.
        
      
    
     
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           NEW
           OBSERVATIONS
           ON
           THE
           Natural
           History
           OF
           THIS
           World
           of
           MATTER
           ,
           AND
           THIS
           World
           of
           LIFE
           :
           In
           Two
           Parts
           .
           Being
           a
           Philosophical
           Discourse
           ,
           grounded
           upon
           the
           Mosaick
           System
           of
           the
           Creation
           ,
           and
           the
           Flood
           .
           To
           which
           are
           added
           Some
           Thoughts
           concerning
           Paradise
           ,
           the
           Conflagration
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           a
           Treatise
           of
           Meteorology
           :
           With
           occasional
           Remarks
           upon
           some
           late
           Theories
           ,
           Conferences
           ,
           and
           Essays
           .
           By
           
             THO.
             ROBINSON
          
           Rector
           of
           OUSBY
           in
           CUMBERLAND
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           ,
           for
           
             Iohn
             Newton
          
           at
           the
           
             Three
             Pigeons
          
           over
           against
           the
           Inner-Temple-Gate
           in
           Fleet-street
           ,
           1696.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Reverend
           Mr.
           
             William
             Nicholson
          
           Arch-Deacon
           of
           CARLISLE
           .
        
         
           
             REVEREND
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Have
           read
           over
           the
           Books
           you
           were
           pleased
           to
           lend
           me
           ,
           (
           viz.
           )
           Dr.
           
           Burnet's
           Theory
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           Dr.
           
           Woodward's
           Essay
           toward
           a
           Natural
           History
           of
           it
           :
           Both
           which
           entertain'd
           me
           with
           a
           great
           many
           new
           and
           very
           notable
           Hypotheses
           ,
           managed
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Art
           ,
           Ingenuity
           and
           Learning
           ;
           but
           in
           my
           Opinion
           very
           ill
           grounded
           ;
           many
           of
           their
           Notions
           being
           inconsistent
           with
           common
           Sense
           and
           Experience
           ,
           with
           Scripture
           and
           Reason
           ;
           
           especially
           the
           Mosaick
           Account
           of
           the
           Creation
           ,
           Paradise
           ,
           and
           the
           Universal
           Deluge
           ;
           and
           in
           some
           Particulars
           ,
           Dr.
           Woodward
           seems
           inconsistent
           with
           himself
           .
        
         
           These
           following
           Chapters
           ,
           (
           which
           I
           make
           bold
           to
           present
           to
           your
           Hand
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           you
           the
           Trouble
           of
           perusing
           )
           will
           shew
           you
           wherein
           I
           cannot
           concur
           with
           these
           great
           Virtuoso's
           ,
           and
           why
           I
           endeavour
           to
           establish
           a
           quite
           different
           Notion
           of
           things
           ;
           and
           do
           ground
           it
           upon
           such
           Philosophical
           Theses
           ,
           as
           Moses
           ,
           that
           great
           Philosopher
           ,
           has
           laid
           down
           as
           so
           many
           Postulata
           in
           his
           short
           ,
           but
           most
           comprehensive
           System
           of
           the
           Creation
           ;
           the
           whole
           being
           a
           short
           and
           compendious
           Description
           of
           this
           World
           of
           Matter
           ,
           and
           this
           World
           of
           Life
           wherein
           we
           live
           .
        
         
         
           SIR
           ;
           I
           am
           so
           far
           from
           being
           big
           with
           a
           fond
           Concei●
           of
           any
           of
           these
           Notions
           ,
           that
           I
           dare
           not
           trust
           them
           in
           any
           Hands
           but
           yours
           ;
           for
           I
           am
           unwilling
           that
           these
           Papers
           (
           without
           your
           Approbation
           and
           Encouragement
           ,
           )
           should
           go
           further
           abroad
           than
           your
           Study
           ,
           lest
           some
           ill-natur'd
           and
           peevish
           Critick
           should
           take
           occasion
           to
           expose
           the
           Ignorance
           and
           Disingenuity
           of
           their
           Author
           .
        
         
           I
           know
           (
           Sir
           )
           that
           the
           Experience
           you
           have
           lately
           gain'd
           by
           searching
           into
           those
           occult
           Regions
           of
           Matter
           ,
           being
           now
           added
           to
           your
           former
           Speculations
           about
           it
           ;
           has
           made
           you
           the
           most
           capable
           of
           determining
           all
           Differences
           ,
           and
           solving
           the
           most
           difficult
           Phaenomena
           of
           this
           Kind
           .
           If
           you
           will
           be
           pleas'd
           therefore
           to
           correct
           with
           your
           Pen
           the
           Mistakes
           you
           meet
           
           with
           in
           any
           of
           these
           Notions
           ,
           and
           let
           me
           have
           your
           honest
           and
           impartial
           Opinion
           of
           them
           ,
           you
           will
           further
           oblige
           ,
        
         
           
             Sir
             ,
          
           
             Your
             most
             affectionate
             and
             humble
             Servant
             ,
             
               THO.
               ROBINSON
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           Gentlemen
           Miners
           .
        
         
           
             GENTLEMEN
             ,
          
        
         
           IF
           his
           Observation
           be
           true
           ,
           That
           no
           Man
           can
           lose
           by
           the
           World
           ;
           but
           what
           he
           loseth
           in
           Purse
           ,
           he
           gains
           in
           Experience
           :
           You
           will
           have
           no
           Reason
           to
           complain
           ,
           if
           sometimes
           your
           subterranean
           Projects
           miscarry
           upon
           your
           Hand
           :
           Since
           that
           Loss
           may
           easily
           be
           Repaired
           by
           your
           
             experimental
             Knowledge
          
           ,
           of
           those
           
             occult
             Regions
          
           of
           Matter
           ;
           concerning
           which
           ,
           the
           most
           profound
           Philosopher
           can
           give
           no
           Account
           ,
           but
           by
           way
           of
           Hypothesis
           and
           Conjecture
           .
        
         
           Solomon
           ,
           that
           great
           Master
           of
           
             experimental
             Knowledge
          
           ,
           tells
           us
           that
           
           Wisdom
           is
           better
           than
           Rubies
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           things
           that
           may
           be
           desired
           are
           not
           to
           be
           compared
           to
           it
           .
           And
           tho'
           that
           by
           Wisdom
           he
           may
           mean
           that
           
             Divine
             Philosophy
          
           which
           the
           New
           Testament
           calls
           Religion
           ;
           yet
           certainly
           there
           is
           nothing
           contributes
           more
           towards
           making
           one
           morally
           or
           
             physically
             wise
          
           ,
           than
           Experience
           ,
           as
           he
           intimates
           in
           the
           following
           Verse
           ,
           where
           he
           brings
           in
           Wisdom
           thus
           speaking
           :
           Prov.
           8.11
           .
           I
           Wisdom
           dwell
           with
           Prudence
           ,
           and
           find
           out
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           
             witty
             Inventions
          
           .
           I
           confess
           that
           the
           Theorick
           Part
           of
           Philosophy
           (
           being
           the
           first-born
           ,
           )
           is
           more
           noble
           ;
           and
           therefore
           deservedly
           sits
           Regent
           in
           the
           superior
           Faculties
           of
           the
           Soul
           :
           Attended
           with
           
             sublime
             Notions
          
           and
           Speculations
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           Figments
           and
           Chimaera's
           are
           also
           her
           Maids
           of
           Honour
           .
        
         
           And
           altho'
           the
           practick
           or
           experimental
           
           Part
           ,
           sits
           below
           in
           humble
           Garb
           ,
           attended
           only
           with
           
             mechanick
             Artificers
          
           ,
           and
           
             manual
             Operators
          
           :
           Yet
           she
           oftentimes
           Entertains
           the
           World
           with
           more
           of
           Certainty
           ,
           and
           Demonstration
           than
           the
           former
           .
        
         
           Gentlemen
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           complement
           you
           into
           a
           good
           Opinion
           of
           these
           No●ions
           which
           I
           am
           willing
           should
           abide
           the
           Test
           of
           an
           impartial
           Iudgment
           ;
           only
           I
           think
           it
           may
           be
           convenient
           to
           let
           you
           know
           that
           they
           are
           the
           product
           of
           20
           Years
           Experience
           and
           Observation
           ;
           for
           so
           long
           I
           have
           been
           concerned
           in
           the
           Inspection
           of
           under-ground
           Works
           of
           several
           Kinds
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           Place
           of
           my
           Habitation
           being
           under
           Crosfell
           ,
           (
           one
           of
           the
           highest
           Mountains
           in
           England
           )
           whose
           lofty
           Top
           gives
           a
           large
           Prospect
           both
           of
           the
           East
           and
           West
           Seas
           ;
           I
           have
           from
           thence
           observed
           ,
           not
           only
           the
           different
           Classes
           of
           Matter
           ,
           the
           Eruption
           of
           
           Rapid
           Springs
           ;
           but
           also
           the
           Rising
           and
           Falling
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Rarefaction
           and
           Condensation
           of
           Vapours
           .
        
         
           Gentlemen
           ,
           If
           the
           Publication
           of
           this
           short
           Treatise
           (
           which
           I
           presume
           to
           present
           to
           your
           Hand
           ,
           as
           the
           most
           proper
           Patrons
           of
           
             subterranean
             Philosophy
          
           )
           put
           you
           to
           the
           Charge
           of
           an
           easie
           purchase
           ,
           you
           will
           certainly
           have
           it
           much
           cheaper
           than
           the
           Author
           ,
           who
           shall
           always
           remain
           ,
        
         
           
             GENTLEMEN
             ,
          
           
             D●●●ys
             ,
             
               April
               the
               16.
               
               (
               1696.
               )
            
          
           
             Your
             most
             humble
             Servant
             and
             Well-Wisher
             ,
             THO.
             ROBINSON
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           IF
           the
           learned
           Authors
           of
           the
           new
           Theories
           and
           Essays
           had
           but
           taken
           the
           Pains
           to
           have
           consider'd
           better
           of
           those
           great
           Advantages
           of
           Learning
           and
           Education
           which
           Moses
           (
           the
           greatest
           Philosopher
           that
           ever
           was
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           the
           first
           Describer
           of
           its
           Creation
           )
           had
           beyond
           any
           of
           those
           learned
           Philosophers
           of
           later
           date
           ,
           who
           have
           writ
           upon
           the
           same
           Subject
           ;
           they
           would
           have
           entertain'd
           a
           greater
           Veneration
           and
           Esteem
           for
           his
           short
           ,
           but
           most
           comprehensive
           System
           ;
           than
           for
           the
           larger
           Volumes
           of
           those
           common
           Philosophers
           and
           Historians
           
           whose
           Writings
           are
           only
           the
           Product
           of
           their
           own
           natural
           Reason
           ;
           though
           set
           off
           with
           the
           greatest
           Artifice
           of
           Words
           ,
           and
           Advantages
           of
           human
           Learning
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           Progress
           which
           this
           great
           Philosopher
           made
           in
           human
           Learning
           and
           Wisdom
           was
           in
           
           Pharoah's
           Court
           ,
           where
           he
           had
           his
           Education
           ,
           under
           the
           Tuition
           of
           his
           own
           Daughter
           ,
           who
           having
           no
           Child
           of
           her
           own
           ,
           design'd
           to
           adopt
           him
           her
           Son
           ,
           and
           make
           him
           Heir
           apparent
           to
           that
           Crown
           :
           To
           which
           End
           he
           was
           by
           her
           Care
           instructed
           in
           all
           the
           Learning
           ,
           Wisdom
           ,
           and
           Philosophy
           of
           the
           Egyptians
           :
           And
           no
           doubt
           but
           some
           of
           the
           most
           learned
           amongst
           the
           Hierophanthae
           ,
           who
           were
           the
           most
           skilled
           in
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           mystical
           as
           well
           as
           natural
           Philosophy
           ,
           were
           his
           Tutors
           .
        
         
         
           He
           being
           thus
           qualified
           with
           the
           best
           Learning
           Egypt
           could
           then
           afford
           ,
           the
           second
           Improvement
           he
           made
           was
           in
           the
           Family
           of
           his
           Kinsman
           Iethro
           ,
           who
           being
           as
           well
           a
           Priest
           as
           Prince
           of
           Midian
           ,
           did
           not
           only
           discipline
           him
           in
           all
           the
           Rules
           of
           Policy
           ,
           Conduct
           ,
           and
           Government
           ;
           by
           which
           he
           was
           fitted
           and
           prepar'd
           for
           being
           Captain
           General
           of
           that
           mighty
           Host
           of
           the
           Hebrews
           ,
           which
           God
           design'd
           to
           deliver
           from
           the
           Egyptian
           Yoak
           ,
           and
           under
           his
           Conduct
           to
           settle
           in
           Canaan
           ;
           but
           also
           he
           was
           instructed
           by
           him
           in
           the
           Religion
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           the
           Patriarchal
           Traditions
           concerning
           the
           Creation
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           the
           Beginnings
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           the
           Genealogies
           of
           Men
           ▪
           which
           being
           best
           known
           to
           Adam
           ,
           who
           coming
           immediately
           out
           of
           
           God's
           Hand
           ,
           did
           undoubtedly
           deliver
           it
           to
           his
           Son
           
             Seth
             ,
             Seth
          
           to
           Enos
           ,
           and
           so
           from
           Father
           to
           Son
           ,
           to
           Abraham
           ,
           from
           whom
           Iethro
           descended
           by
           a
           second
           Marriage
           .
        
         
           During
           his
           Time
           of
           Residence
           in
           Midian
           ,
           which
           was
           forty
           Years
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           that
           Time
           being
           spent
           in
           Contemplation
           :
           It
           s
           generally
           believed
           he
           wrote
           this
           System
           of
           the
           Creation
           ,
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Book
           called
           Genesis
           ,
           by
           the
           Assistance
           and
           Direction
           of
           his
           Father-in-Law
           ,
           who
           could
           not
           be
           ignorant
           of
           the
           Patriarchal
           Traditions
           ;
           himself
           being
           descended
           from
           a
           Patriarch
           of
           special
           Note
           .
        
         
           After
           these
           Gradations
           and
           Improvements
           in
           all
           Kinds
           of
           humane
           Learning
           ,
           Wisdom
           and
           Philosophy
           ,
           God
           took
           him
           into
           his
           own
           Service
           ,
           and
           was
           pleased
           by
           
           a
           sort
           of
           Per●onal
           Communication
           to
           impart
           to
           him
           as
           well
           the
           manner
           how
           all
           things
           began
           to
           exist
           ,
           as
           how
           the
           Manners
           of
           Mankind
           were
           to
           be
           exercised
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           may
           be
           reasonably
           supposed
           to
           found
           the
           Authority
           of
           his
           Writings
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           his
           Government
           over
           God's
           People
           ,
           upon
           Divine
           Revelation
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           most
           excellen●
           System
           ,
           Philosophy
           ,
           Divinity
           and
           Mystery
           seem
           to
           be
           so
           closely
           interwoven
           that
           it
           wou'd
           be
           a
           Matter
           of
           great
           Difficulty
           (
           if
           not
           Impossibility
           )
           for
           any
           ,
           unless
           such
           as
           are
           well
           skill'd
           in
           the
           Cabalistical
           Traditions
           and
           Mythology
           ,
           to
           unravel
           the
           Contexture
           and
           distinguish
           its
           parts
           .
           And
           some
           of
           the
           most
           learned
           Rabbies
           are
           of
           opinion
           that
           God
           directed
           Moses
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           holy
           Pen-Men
           ,
           frequently
           to
           make
           
           use
           of
           Metaphors
           ,
           Allegories
           ,
           and
           other
           Sche
           matical
           Forms
           ,
           which
           must
           needs
           be
           attended
           with
           some
           Darkness
           and
           Obscurity
           (
           these
           being
           as
           it
           were
           a
           Veil
           drawn
           over
           the
           Face
           of
           Divine
           Truth
           )
           and
           this
           might
           occasion
           Solomon
           to
           joyn
           the
           
             Words
             of
             the
             Wise
          
           ,
           and
           their
           
             dark
             Sayings
          
           together
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           was
           not
           only
           the
           Practice
           of
           the
           sacred
           Writers
           ;
           but
           of
           the
           learned
           Heathens
           ,
           especially
           their
           Priests
           and
           Philosophers
           ;
           who
           undoubtedly
           did
           imitate
           Moses
           herein
           :
           but
           for
           different
           Ends
           and
           Purposes
           ;
           for
           it
           did
           highly
           concern
           the
           Pagan
           Priests
           to
           hide
           and
           conceal
           their
           Mysteries
           from
           the
           Light
           ;
           which
           like
           bastard
           Eagles
           would
           not
           endure
           the
           Tryal
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           holy
           Spirit
           might
           direct
           the
           holy
           Pen-men
           to
           observe
           
           their
           Style
           for
           Reasons
           of
           greater
           and
           more
           weighty
           Moment
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           Divine
           Wisdom
           might
           see
           it
           fit
           in
           the
           Infancy
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           to
           discover
           his
           Will
           and
           Mind
           in
           some
           things
           very
           suitable
           to
           the
           Capacities
           of
           the
           Men
           of
           that
           Age
           :
           And
           to
           reserve
           other
           things
           of
           great
           moment
           veil'd
           under
           Allegories
           ,
           and
           mystical
           Expressions
           until
           the
           Minds
           of
           Men
           were
           more
           opened
           and
           enlarged
           ;
           for
           discovering
           of
           those
           brighter
           Beams
           of
           Divine
           Truth
           .
        
         
           Yet
           that
           the
           Glories
           that
           were
           after
           to
           appear
           might
           not
           be
           wholly
           clouded
           ;
           he
           order'd
           it
           so
           ,
           that
           such
           a
           thin
           Veil
           shou'd
           be
           drawn
           over
           the
           Matter
           ,
           as
           shou'd
           not
           more
           set
           off
           the
           Beauty
           ,
           than
           stir
           Men
           up
           to
           a
           diligent
           Search
           after
           those
           Divine
           Truths
           .
        
         
         
           If
           then
           a
           modest
           Attempt
           be
           made
           to
           ground
           a
           Philosophical
           Discourse
           upon
           some
           of
           these
           veiled
           Mysteries
           ,
           with
           Submission
           to
           Men
           of
           greater
           Learning
           ,
           and
           better
           skill'd
           in
           mystical
           Philosophy
           :
           I
           presume
           that
           it
           will
           not
           be
           judg'd
           an
           Effect
           either
           of
           Pride
           or
           Vain-glory.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           Preliminary
           Postulata
           .
        
         
           I
           Know
           that
           it
           's
           much
           out
           of
           Fashion
           to
           beg
           Principles
           in
           this
           Philosophizing
           Age
           ;
           yet
           considering
           that
           this
           Schematical
           Account
           which
           Moses
           has
           given
           of
           the
           Creation
           is
           as
           well
           Philosophical
           and
           Mystical
           ,
           as
           Historical
           and
           
             ad
             hominem
          
           ,
           I
           presume
           that
           these
           following
           Postulata
           ,
           being
           grounded
           upon
           such
           reason
           ,
           as
           cannot
           be
           denyed
           ,
           will
           easily
           be
           granted
           me
           ;
           as
           first
           —
        
         
           That
           this
           Natural
           World
           was
           created
           
           in
           a
           Natural
           Way
           ,
           by
           the
           Agency
           of
           second
           Causes
           ;
           God
           Almighty
           concurring
           with
           them
           by
           his
           Direction
           and
           Approbation
           in
           these
           Words
           (
           
             He
             saw
             that
             it
             was
             good
             .
             )
          
        
         
         
           
           That
           the
           work
           of
           the
           Creation
           cou'd
           not
           ,
           in
           a
           natural
           way
           ,
           be
           compleated
           in
           so
           short
           a
           time
           as
           six
           days
           ;
           for
           as
           it
           cannot
           be
           easily
           imagined
           that
           all
           the
           Solid
           Strata
           and
           Beds
           of
           Iron
           cou'd
           be
           digested
           into
           such
           good
           order
           ,
           as
           we
           find
           them
           in
           ;
           and
           receive
           their
           several
           Degrees
           of
           Consolidation
           in
           that
           time
           :
           Neither
           can
           it
           be
           Suppos'd
           that
           all
           these
           different
           natures
           in
           the
           Vegetative
           and
           Animal
           Sphere
           of
           life
           shou'd
           grow
           up
           to
           such
           a
           degree
           of
           Perfection
           ,
           that
           Adam
           cou'd
           eat
           Ripe
           fruit
           in
           Paradise
           of
           six
           days
           Production
           :
           And
           that
           all
           the
           Beasts
           of
           later
           birth
           cou'd
           in
           that
           time
           get
           Strength
           to
           appear
           before
           him
           .
        
         
           
           It
           may
           then
           be
           taken
           for
           a
           granted
           Principle
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           six
           days
           work
           is
           meant
           the
           six
           distinct
           Productions
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           Evening
           ,
           and
           the
           Morning
           ,
           is
           meant
           the
           Principles
           of
           Activity
           and
           Passivity
           ,
           which
           were
           the
           Instrumental
           Causes
           of
           these
           Productions
           .
        
         
         
           That
           Paradise
           in
           a
           literal
           sense
           may
           signify
           
           a
           local
           place
           or
           Garden
           of
           Pleasure
           ,
           in
           a
           Philosophical
           sense
           all
           those
           Rational
           and
           Sensual
           Pleasures
           our
           Natures
           are
           capable
           of
           in
           this
           Material
           World
           :
           In
           a
           Mystical
           sense
           it
           signifies
           Heaven
           ,
           or
           those
           Intellectual
           Pleasures
           our
           Natures
           shall
           be
           capable
           of
           when
           they
           are
           Spiritualiz'd
           and
           Exalted
           .
        
         
           That
           Adam
           and
           Eve
           in
           a
           literal
           
           sense
           signify
           the
           first
           Individual
           Persons
           that
           were
           of
           that
           Species
           .
           In
           a
           Philosophical
           Sense
           ,
           they
           signify
           a
           Generation
           of
           Men
           ,
           and
           W●men
           ;
           in
           a
           Mystical
           sense
           ,
           they
           signify
           Reason
           and
           Sense
           ,
           or
           the
           Superior
           ,
           and
           Inferior
           Faculties
           of
           the
           Soul.
           
        
         
           That
           by
           the
           Serpent
           in
           a
           literal
           
           Sense
           is
           signified
           a
           subtile
           insinuating
           Brute
           ,
           whose
           speckled
           Skin
           (
           being
           beautified
           with
           all
           the
           Variety
           of
           Natural
           Paint
           )
           made
           it
           a
           fit
           Object
           to
           work
           upon
           the
           visive
           F●culty
           ;
           in
           a
           
           Philosophical
           Sense
           ,
           it
           may
           signifie
           natural
           Concupiscence
           :
           And
           ,
           in
           a
           mystical
           Sense
           ,
           it
           may
           signifie
           the
           Devil
           .
        
         
           
           By
           the
           
             Tree
             of
             Life
          
           ,
           in
           a
           literal
           Sense
           ,
           may
           be
           signified
           an
           individual
           Tree
           producing
           Fruit
           ,
           and
           preserving
           Life
           .
           By
           the
           
             Tree
             of
             Knowledg
          
           in
           a
           literal
           Sense
           ,
           may
           be
           understood
           a
           Tree
           bearing
           Fruit
           of
           a
           poisonous
           Quality
           ,
           and
           destructive
           of
           Life
           ;
           in
           a
           Philosophical
           Sense
           they
           may
           signifie
           the
           whole
           Species
           of
           Vegetables
           ,
           both
           of
           a
           wholesome
           and
           poisonous
           Nature
           ;
           in
           a
           mystical
           Sense
           they
           may
           denote
           eternal
           Life
           and
           eternal
           Death
           .
        
         
           
           
           Adam's
           giving
           of
           Names
           to
           the
           Beasts
           signifies
           the
           Exercise
           of
           his
           natural
           Reason
           ,
           by
           distinguishing
           of
           their
           Natures
           .
        
         
           
           Lastly
           ,
           by
           
           Eve's
           eating
           of
           the
           forbidden
           Fruit
           ,
           may
           be
           understood
           the
           Desire
           of
           natural
           Concupiscence
           ;
           to
           gratifie
           her
           Senses
           with
           their
           beloved
           Objects
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           ADVERTISEMENT
           WITH
           Additional
           Remarks
           .
        
         
           SInce
           the
           writing
           of
           the
           following
           Discourse
           ,
           a
           
             new
             Theory
             of
             the
             Earth
          
           hath
           been
           publish'd
           by
           a
           thoughtful
           young
           Divine
           ,
           who
           agrees
           in
           some
           Notions
           with
           me
           ;
           this
           therefore
           is
           to
           assure
           the
           Reader
           ,
           that
           my
           Manuscript
           laid
           all
           the
           last
           Winter
           in
           London
           ,
           and
           was
           printed
           off
           before
           I
           had
           a
           Sight
           of
           the
           aforesaid
           Book
           ,
           which
           several
           of
           my
           Friends
           can
           testifie
           (
           if
           there
           should
           be
           occasion
           )
           thro'
           whose
           Hands
           these
           Papers
           have
           passed
           .
        
         
           Another
           thing
           ought
           to
           be
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           my
           referring
           several
           Hypotheses
           and
           Observations
           to
           a
           late
           Writer
           (
           a
           Fault
           which
           Mr.
           Whiston
           hath
           committed
           up
           and
           down
           his
           Book
           )
           who
           it
           seems
           hath
           taken
           them
           from
           others
           ;
           which
           I
           accidentally
           discover'd
           by
           falling
           upon
           the
           
             Monthly
             Miscellany
             Letters
             ,
             Vol.
          
           1.
           
           Numb
           .
           22.
           
           Pag.
           561
           ,
           566.
           
           Vol.
           2.
           
           Numb
           .
           2.
           
           Pag.
           49.
           to
           57.
           
           
             As
             also
             the
             Philosophical
             Transactions
             of
             the
             Royal
             Society
             .
             Numb
             .
          
           
           219.
           
             from
             p.
          
           181.
           to
           201.
           of
           which
           't
           is
           but
           just
           to
           give
           some
           Instances
           ;
           for
           a
           tender
           regard
           ought
           to
           be
           had
           for
           the
           O●iginal
           Inventors
           of
           things
           ,
           who
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           robb'd
           of
           the
           Fruits
           of
           their
           Labours
           and
           Studies
           by
           Pyratical
           Rovers
           ,
           who
           set
           up
           for
           stupendous
           and
           
             miraculous
             Discoverers
          
           .
           Turn
           to
           this
           
             Essay
             ,
             Pag.
          
           33.
           
           The
           Origine
           of
           Mountains
           from
           the
           Disruptions
           and
           Changes
           of
           the
           Strata
           of
           the
           Earth
           was
           
           Steno's
           Opinion
           .
           See
           his
           
             Prodrom
             to
             a
             Dissertation
             concerning
             the
             Changes
             of
             the
             Earth
             .
          
        
         
           Pag.
           40.75
           ,
           76
           ,
           77.
           
           The
           same
           Steno
           ,
           in
           his
           Prod.
           places
           about
           the
           central
           Fire
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           a
           huge
           Sphere
           or
           Abyss
           of
           Waters
           ;
           which
           ,
           according
           to
           him
           ,
           supplies
           the
           Earth
           with
           Springs
           ,
           the
           Air
           with
           Vapo●rs
           ,
           and
           was
           sufficient
           for
           the
           general
           Deluge
           ,
           when
           by
           the
           Force
           of
           the
           subterraneous
           Fires
           ,
           it
           was
           thrust
           and
           forc●d
           up
           ,
           whereby
           the
           Globe
           was
           broken
           to
           pieces
           ,
           and
           dissolv'd
           in
           the
           vast
           ●luid
           .
        
         
           Pag.
           61.62
           .
           The
           perpendicular
           and
           horizontal
           Fissures
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           dividing
           the
           Strata
           or
           Beds
           of
           Sediments
           ,
           are
           with
           great
           Care
           and
           Accuracy
           delineated
           and
           described
           by
           Dr.
           
             Steno
             in
             his
             
             Prodrom
          
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           Phenomen●
           relating
           to
           the
           History
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           are
           explain'd
           at
           the
           End
           of
           his
           
             Anatom
             .
             canis
             carchar
             .
             in
             his
             specim
             .
             myolog
             .
          
        
         
           Pag
           ,
           76
           ,
           86
           ,
           88.
           
           The
           resetling
           or
           subsiding
           of
           Bodies
           ,
           as
           well
           terrestrial
           as
           marine
           (
           dissolv'd
           or
           mix'd
           with
           the
           Waters
           of
           the
           Deluge
           )
           according
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           specifick
           Gravity
           in
           their
           several
           Strata
           or
           Beds
           of
           Stone
           ,
           Sand
           ,
           Clay
           ,
           Ma●le
           ,
           Slate
           ,
           Lime
           ,
           Chalk
           ,
           &c.
           was
           publish'd
           above
           26
           Years
           ago
           ,
           by
           
             Nicholas
             Steno
          
           ,
           and
           
             Agostino
             Scilla
          
           ;
           if
           the
           ●oremention'd
           Accounts
           in
           the
           
             monthly
             Miscellan
             .
             Letters
          
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Philosophical
             Tra●●●●●●ons
          
           ar●
           to
           be
           rely'd
           upon
           ;
           the
           Books
           thems●lves
           being
           not
           to
           be
           come
           at
           in
           a
           remote
           Province
           .
           This
           
             Stenoni●n
             Hypothesis
          
           of
           the
           Formation
           of
           the
           *
           present
           
           
           
           
           
           Earth
           out
           of
           the
           several
           Beds
           or
           Sediments
           of
           Matter
           mix'd
           with
           ,
           and
           sinking
           down
           from
           the
           Waters
           of
           the
           general
           Flood
           according
           to
           the
           Affinity
           and
           Weight
           of
           Parts
           is
           much
           oppos'd
           by
           a
           
             late
             Author
             of
             two
             Essays
             from
          
           Oxford
           ,
           who
           cannot
           believe
           the
           Deluge
           to
           have
           been
           universal
           ,
           nor
           the
           whole
           Earth
           planted
           with
           Animals
           from
           
           Noah's
           Ark
           ,
           whose
           Arguments
           I
           do
           not
           approve
           of
           ,
           being
           inconsistent
           with
           true
           Philosophy
           ,
           and
           Divinity
           :
           Neither
           is
           Dr.
           
           Nichol's
           second
           Creation
           of
           Animals
           after
           the
           Flood
           to
           be
           allow'd
           of
           ,
           being
           contrary
           to
           the
           Design
           of
           
           Noah's
           Ark
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           whole
           Mosaick
           Narration
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           my
           Opinion
           concerning
           the
           Origine
           of
           fossil
           Shell●
           ,
           of
           form'd
           Stones
           ,
           and
           subterraneous
           Plants
           ;
           Scilla
           himself
           ,
           tho
           he
           with
           S●eno
           has
           taken
           great
           Pains
           to
           prove
           them
           to
           be
           the
           Exuviae
           or
           Spoils
           of
           Animals
           and
           Vegetables
           (
           from
           the
           Similitudes
           of
           their
           Parts
           in
           every
           particular
           )
           and
           to
           be
           the
           Remains
           of
           the
           Deluge
           subsided
           and
           lodg'd
           in
           several
           Beds
           ,
           Layers
           ,
           or
           Sediments
           ;
           yet
           I
           find
           by
           Dr.
           Lister
           ,
           that
           Scilla
           own'd
           some
           sorts
           of
           them
           to
           be
           of
           another
           Original
           ,
           and
           the
           learned
           Dr.
           
           himself
           proves
           beyond
           all
           contradiction
           ,
           that
           real
           perfect
           Shells
           are
           ●requently
           found
           in
           the
           Bladder
           ,
           Kidneys
           ,
           Imposthumes
           ,
           and
           other
           Cells
           of
           Animal
           Bodies
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           ,
           why
           need
           we
           force
           them
           into
           the
           midst
           of
           Quarries
           and
           Rocks
           by
           dissolving
           the
           whole
           Frame
           of
           Nature
           for
           their
           Sakes
           ?
        
         
           If
           true
           Shells
           can
           be
           form'd
           within
           Stones
           of
           the
           Bladder
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           Bodies
           of
           Creatures
           ;
           then
           by
           the
           same
           Argument
           a
           Million
           may
           be
           form'd
           in
           the
           Bowels
           of
           the
           greater
           World
           ,
           every
           ways
           resembling
           those
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           in
           
             Striae
             ,
             Lamellae
             ,
             Fasciae
          
           ,
           Tendons
           ,
           Threds
           ,
           &c.
           so
           that
           they
           might
           perswade
           Steno
           ,
           Dr.
           
             Hook
             ,
             Boccone
             ,
             Scilla
             ,
             Columna
             ,
          
           and
           Mr.
           Ray
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           really
           the
           very
           same
           ,
           owing
           their
           Original
           to
           the
           Flood
           ,
           or
           Chaos
           ,
           or
           Earthquakes
           .
        
         
           My
           Hypothesis
           concerning
           the
           Generations
           of
           several
           Animals
           is
           much
           confirm'd
           by
           the
           learned
           and
           experienced
           
             Father
             Buonani
          
           in
           his
           late
           
             Observations
             circa
             viventia
             in
             non
             viventibus
             rep●rta
          
           ;
           who
           maintains
           equivocal
           Generation
           from
           many
           clear
           and
           undoubted
           Proofs
           .
        
         
         
           For
           ,
           Pag.
           151.
           to
           Pag.
           166.
           compare
           Huetius
           and
           
             Bochart
             de
             Paradiso
          
           .
        
         
           Pag.
           189
           ,
           191.
           
           Some
           great
           Natural
           Philosophers
           will
           have
           the
           
             Ignes
             Fatui
          
           to
           be
           flying
           Gloworms
           ,
           or
           some
           other
           shining
           Insects
           .
        
         
           Pag.
           205.
           
           See
           more
           of
           the
           Figures
           and
           Phenomena
           of
           Snow
           and
           Hail
           in
           
             Barthol
             .
             de
             Nive
             ,
             Hook's
             Micrography
             ,
             Boyle
             of
             Cold
             ,
             Marten's
             Greenland
             Voyage
             ,
             Lewenho●ck's
             Letters
             .
          
        
         
           As
           for
           Mr.
           
             Whiston's
             New
             Theory
          
           ,
           I
           am
           afraid
           it
           will
           be
           found
           altogether
           inconsistént
           with
           the
           
             Mosaick
             History
          
           ,
           being
           adapted
           only
           to
           the
           formation
           of
           our
           little
           Globe
           ,
           without
           taking
           in
           the
           Heavens
           (
           which
           Moses
           is
           particular
           in
           )
           and
           depending
           too
           much
           upon
           mechanical
           &
           necessary
           Laws
           (
           as
           several
           other
           late
           Theorys
           and
           Hypotheses
           do
           )
           whereby
           the
           Flood
           and
           Conflagration
           might
           be
           brought
           to
           pass
           without
           any
           Relation
           to
           the
           Fall
           of
           Man
           or
           Sin.
           For
           Comets
           and
           Eruptions
           of
           boyling
           Abysses
           may
           frequently
           destroy
           our
           Globe
           ,
           by
           such
           Chains
           of
           Natural
           Causes
           ;
           Comets
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           Trajection
           may
           dash
           and
           drown
           us
           with
           their
           Tails
           ,
           and
           the
           central
           Fire
           may
           drive
           up
           the
           vast
           Abyss
           upon
           us
           ,
           whether
           we
           
           sin
           or
           no
           ;
           these
           Phenomena
           may
           befall
           the
           Moon
           and
           all
           the
           Planets
           ,
           without
           any
           respect
           to
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           may
           happen
           frequently
           by
           such
           Concourses
           and
           Links
           of
           Mechanism
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           ordinary
           Laws
           of
           Motion
           .
           Therefore
           we
           ought
           to
           be
           cautious
           of
           making
           such
           Grand
           Revolutions
           to
           rowl
           upon
           Machines
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           of
           coining
           new
           Miracles
           and
           second
           Creations
           without
           any
           Warrant
           from
           Scripture
           ;
           of
           the
           first
           I
           am
           afraid
           the
           
             ingenious
             Mr.
             Whiston
          
           is
           too
           guilty
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           latter
           the
           learned
           Dr.
           Nichols
           .
           But
           considering
           we
           are
           in
           a
           Country
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           in
           an
           Age
           of
           Thought
           and
           Observation
           ,
           I
           can
           easily
           pardon
           the
           Freedom
           they
           are
           pleas'd
           to
           take
           in
           their
           Studies
           and
           Enquiries
           .
        
         
           Having
           lately
           met
           with
           an
           accurate
           Discourse
           of
           
             Bernardini
             Ramazzini
          
           ,
           printed
           4
           Years
           ago
           in
           Quarto
           ,
           concerning
           the
           subterraneous
           Waters
           ,
           the
           several
           Layers
           or
           Beds
           of
           Earth
           upon
           deep
           diggings
           ,
           the
           fossil
           Shells
           ,
           Bones
           ,
           Vegetables
           ,
           Pavements
           ,
           &c.
           as
           also
           upon
           Inundations
           ,
           and
           Deluges
           ,
           with
           their
           Effects
           ,
           I
           thought
           fit
           here
           to
           acknowledg
           the
           many
           Obligations
           we
           owe
           to
           that
           
           
             inquisitive
             Physician
          
           for
           his
           various
           Observations
           on
           the
           Changes
           of
           the
           Earth
           about
           the
           Territory
           of
           Modena
           ,
           which
           are
           equally
           commendable
           with
           those
           of
           Columna
           upon
           Apulia
           ;
           Dr.
           Hooke
           ,
           Mr.
           Ray
           ,
           Dr.
           Plot
           ,
           and
           Dr.
           Lister
           upon
           
             England
             ▪
             Steno
          
           upon
           
             Tuscany
             ;
             Scilla
          
           and
           Boccone
           upon
           Sicily
           and
           Malta
           ;
           to
           whose
           Discoveries
           little
           hath
           been
           added
           as
           yet
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           high
           and
           mighty
           Pretences
           of
           a
           late
           Author
           ;
           who
           ,
           in
           an
           
             Essay
             toward
             a
             Natural
             History
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             Pag.
          
           37.
           throws
           Dirt
           upon
           those
           very
           Gentlemen
           ,
           from
           whose
           Writings
           he
           hath
           made
           bold
           to
           borrow
           the
           best
           Part
           of
           the
           Observations
           in
           his
           Work
           :
           'T
           is
           also
           remarkable
           ,
           how
           ,
           Pag.
           249
           ,
           252
           ,
           255
           ,
           256
           ,
           257
           ,
           259.
           he
           falls
           foul
           upon
           a
           very
           famous
           and
           reverend
           Divine
           for
           taking
           the
           same
           Philosophick
           Liberty
           ,
           which
           he
           himself
           assumes
           in
           many
           Places
           of
           his
           Essay
           .
           As
           for
           his
           darling
           Notion
           (
           though
           none
           of
           his
           own
           )
           of
           
             Specifick
             Gravity
          
           ,
           't
           is
           notoriously
           false
           in
           Fact
           and
           Nature
           ,
           for
           the
           Strata
           ,
           Layers
           ,
           or
           Bed●
           of
           Sediments
           (
           out
           of
           which
           
             Steno
             ,
             Scill●
             ,
             Grandius
             ,
             Ramazzini
             ,
          
           and
           others
           ,
           will
           have
           the
           Earth
           made
           up
           )
           do
           not
           lie
           according
           to
           their
           different
           Weights
           ,
           or
           
           according
           to
           the
           Statick
           Laws
           of
           descent
           of
           Solids
           in
           Fluids
           ;
           for
           the
           Strata
           of
           Marble
           ,
           and
           other
           Stone
           ,
           of
           Lead
           ,
           and
           other
           Metals
           ,
           lye
           often
           near
           the
           top
           or
           Superficies
           ,
           having
           many
           lighter
           Strata
           under
           them
           ;
           and
           if
           all
           the
           Strata
           thro
           the
           whole
           Globe
           could
           possibly
           be
           viewed
           and
           examined
           ,
           I
           am
           confident
           the
           respective
           Order
           of
           specifick
           Gravity
           would
           not
           hold
           in
           any
           two
           together
           ;
           and
           who
           can
           fancy
           ,
           that
           the
           Parts
           of
           Ferns
           ,
           Mosses
           ,
           and
           other
           Plants
           ,
           of
           Shells
           ,
           Teeth
           ,
           and
           other
           Bones
           ,
           should
           equiponderate
           with
           those
           of
           Metallick
           Fossils
           ;
           nay
           ,
           oftentimes
           subside
           below
           them
           ;
           and
           whoever
           views
           the
           Dimensions
           ,
           Weight
           ,
           Figure
           ,
           and
           Place
           of
           those
           vast
           Natural
           Columns
           ,
           call'd
           the
           
             Devil
             's
             Causy
             in
             Ireland
          
           ,
           will
           be
           soon
           convinced
           of
           the
           Weakness
           of
           this
           Hypothesis
           .
           Their
           Origine
           therefore
           must
           be
           accounted
           for
           some
           other
           way
           than
           what
           
             Colu●na
             ,
             Steno
             ,
             Scilla
             ,
             Boccone
             ,
             Grandius
             ,
          
           and
           others
           copying
           after
           them
           ,
           have
           deliver'd
           concerning
           the
           Deluge
           and
           Inundations
           ,
           Strata
           ,
           Crusts
           or
           Sediments
           according
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           Specifick
           Gravity
           ;
           neither
           are
           the
           many
           Phenomena
           relating
           to
           their
           Situation
           ,
           
           explicable
           by
           any
           
             Theories
             of
             the
             Earth
          
           as
           yet
           publish'd
           ;
           I
           know
           not
           what
           Dr.
           Hooke
           may
           do
           when
           he
           comes
           to
           print
           his
           Lectures
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           which
           the
           Virtuosi
           expect
           ,
           and
           very
           earnestly
           crave
           of
           him
           :
           Much
           also
           may
           be
           perform'd
           by
           the
           Learned
           Mr.
           
             Edward
             Lhwyd
          
           ,
           Keeper
           of
           the
           
             Oxford
             Museum
          
           ,
           who
           hath
           been
           very
           diligent
           and
           accurate
           in
           his
           Observations
           on
           these
           Bodies
           ,
           and
           whose
           Candor
           and
           Modesty
           ,
           joyned
           with
           his
           exquisite
           Judgment
           ,
           render
           him
           capable
           of
           such
           an
           Undertaking
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Origine
           of
           subterraneous
           Plants
           ,
           either
           digg'd
           out
           of
           Earthen
           Beds
           ,
           or
           lodged
           within
           Stony
           Substances
           ,
           or
           else
           impress'd
           upon
           them
           ,
           which
           Steno
           in
           his
           Prodroms
           (
           translated
           by
           Mr.
           
             Oldenburgh
             )
             Pag.
          
           93
           ,
           94
           ,
           95.
           will
           needs
           derive
           the
           same
           way
           with
           those
           of
           Shells
           ,
           Teeth
           ,
           Bones
           ,
           and
           other
           Parts
           of
           Animals
           ,
           buried
           in
           the
           like
           Strata
           or
           Sediments
           of
           the
           Deluge
           ;
           Mr.
           Lhwy'd
           of
           Oxford
           has
           rais'd
           many
           invincible
           Objections
           against
           this
           
             Stenonian
             Hypothesis
          
           in
           the
           last
           Edition
           of
           
             Camden's
             Britannia
             ,
             P●g
          
           .
           692
           ,
           693.
           and
           Mr.
           Ray
           in
           his
           second
           Preface
           to
           the
           
             Synopsis
             of
             British
             Plants
          
           ▪
           
           argues
           very
           Philosophically
           against
           this
           Opinion
           ,
           reviv'd
           of
           late
           with
           great
           Assurance
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           positive
           manner
           ;
           but
           Mr.
           Whiston
           hath
           done
           very
           wisely
           in
           taking
           no
           notice
           of
           the
           many
           insuperable
           Difficulties
           which
           have
           been
           u●g'd
           against
           the
           bringing
           in
           of
           these
           Bodi●s
           ,
           and
           the
           forming
           our
           present
           Crusts
           and
           Layers
           of
           Earth
           ,
           out
           of
           a
           
             general
             Deluge
          
           .
           He
           hath
           saved
           himself
           much
           Swea●
           and
           Pains
           in
           having
           Recourse
           only
           to
           two
           or
           three
           
             late
             Books
          
           ,
           and
           in
           consulting
           Copies
           instead
           of
           Originals
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           given
           more
           Strength
           and
           Beauty
           to
           his
           Work
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           look't
           more
           masterly
           ;
           however
           the
           Gentleman
           hath
           perform●d
           very
           well
           in
           the
           main
           ,
           and
           hath
           shewn
           a
           profound
           and
           clear
           Knowledge
           in
           Physical
           Science
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           the
           History
           of
           Learning
           ,
           nor
           in
           that
           of
           Nature
           .
           Hi●
           Conjectures
           are
           admirable
           ,
           but
           his
           Quotations
           and
           References
           are
           not
           co●mendable
           ,
           being
           injurious
           to
           those
           eminent
           Philosophers
           who
           were
           the
           first
           I●ventors
           ,
           and
           yet
           passed
           over
           in
           Silence
           ,
           as
           though
           there
           had
           been
           no
           such
           Writers
           ;
           many
           of
           their
           Observations
           being
           attributed
           by
           the
           
             Author
             of
             the
             New
             Theory
          
           
           to
           one
           of
           his
           own
           Acquaintance
           ,
           who
           may
           do
           as
           much
           for
           him
           another
           time
           ;
           but
           I
           would
           not
           willingly
           accuse
           Mr.
           Whiston
           of
           any
           ungenerous
           dealing
           ,
           having
           discover'd
           a
           noble
           Genius
           in
           the
           Formation
           of
           his
           System
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           conclude
           with
           respect
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           with
           Charity
           to
           all
           Mankind
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             The
             Contents
             of
             the
             first
             Part.
             
          
           
             CHap.
             1.
             
             The
             Philosophical
             meaning
             of
             these
             Words
             (
             
               In
               the
               beginning
               God
               created
               the
               Heavens
               and
               the
               Earth
               ,
               )
            
             and
             what
             may
             be
             concluded
             from
             them
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             2.
             
             Of
             God
             the
             supream
             and
             effici●nt
             Cause
             ;
             and
             why
             Moses
             proves
             not
             the
             Being
             of
             a
             God
             expresly
             by
             way
             o●
             Argument
             ;
             ●ut
             implicitly
             by
             describing
             of
             the
             several
             Degrees
             of
             Perfection
             ,
             and
             the
             Subordinations
             of
             Life
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             3.
             
             Of
             the
             Creation
             of
             second
             Causes
             ,
             and
             the
             manner
             of
             their
             Production
             ,
             and
             ways
             of
             working
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             4.
             
             Of
             Light
             and
             Darkness
             ,
             the
             common
             Principles
             of
             mix'd
             Bodies
             ,
             what
             they
             were
             in
             Mass
             ;
             and
             how
             their
             Division
             made
             the
             first
             Production
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             5.
             
             Of
             Light
             the
             formal
             Cause
             of
             all
             mix'd
             Productions
             ;
             what
             it
             was
             whilst
             in
             Mass.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             6.
             
             Of
             Darkness
             ,
             the
             material
             Cause
             of
             all
             mix'd
             Productions
             ;
             what
             it
             was
             in
             Mass
             ,
             how
             it
             was
             redu●'d
             into
             Form
             :
             
             Of
             the
             Power
             of
             Matter
             and
             Motion
             :
             Of
             Sympathy
             and
             Antipathy
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             7.
             
             Of
             the
             Spirit
             of
             God
             moving
             upon
             the
             Face
             of
             the
             Waters
             ,
             what
             is
             philosophically
             meant
             by
             it
             :
             Of
             the
             ●irst
             division
             of
             the
             Waters
             ,
             and
             the
             clearing
             of
             the
             sublunary
             Firmament
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             8.
             
             The
             Division
             of
             the
             lower
             Waters
             into
             subterranean
             ,
             superterr●nean
             ,
             and
             nubiferous
             ,
             and
             by
             what
             Gradations
             the
             dry
             Land
             appear'd
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             9.
             
             Of
             the
             Primeval
             or
             Antediluvian
             Figure
             o●
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             10.
             
             Of
             the
             constituent
             P●rts
             o●
             the
             Earth
             ;
             and
             ●irst
             of
             the
             volatile
             Part
             of
             it
             ,
             or
             the
             central
             Fire
             ,
             its
             natural
             Vses
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             11.
             
             Of
             the
             sixt
             Part
             of
             the
             Earth
             :
             and
             first
             of
             the
             Inequality
             of
             its
             Surface
             ;
             their
             Natural
             Causes
             and
             Vses
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             12.
             
             Of
             Mountains
             ,
             their
             original
             Cause
             ,
             consistences
             ,
             and
             natural
             Vses
             ;
             being
             the
             first
             dry
             Land
             that
             appear'd
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             13.
             
             Of
             Mountain
             Heaths
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             14.
             
             O●
             the
             Plains
             and
             Valleys
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             15.
             
             Of
             the
             Channel
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             16.
             
             Of
             the
             ●luid
             Part
             of
             this
             terraqueous
             Globe
             ;
             and
             ●irst
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             17.
             
             Of
             those
             preternatural
             Accident●
             that
             disturb
             and
             interrupt
             the
             Course
             
             of
             Nature
             in
             this
             Material
             World
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             18.
             
             Of
             the
             central
             Damps
             :
             Their
             Causes
             ,
             Natures
             ,
             and
             dreadful
             Effects
             upon
             this
             Globe
             .
          
           
             C●ap
             .
             19.
             
             Of
             terrene
             Damps
             ,
             and
             their
             dreadful
             Effects
             upon
             this
             Globe
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Chap.
             20.
             
             Of
             
             Noah's
             Flood
             ,
             its
             Causes
             ,
             the
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             when
             it
             happen'd
             ,
             the
             Effects
             and
             Alterations
             it
             made
             upon
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             21.
             
             Of
             the
             season
             of
             the
             Year
             when
             the
             Deluge
             happen'd
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             22.
             
             Of
             the
             Alterations
             which
             Noah's
             Flood
             made
             in
             ,
             and
             upon
             the
             Earth
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Contents
             of
             the
             second
             Part.
             
          
           
             CHap.
             1.
             
             Of
             the
             Plastick
             Spirit
             in
             Matter
             ,
             and
             its
             natural
             Products
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             2.
             
             Of
             the
             grand
             Cover
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             the
             sympathetical
             Vnion
             of
             the
             plastick
             and
             vivisick
             Spirit
             ;
             and
             the
             Production
             of
             Vegetables
             ,
             the
             first
             and
             lowest
             Degree
             of
             Life
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             3.
             
             Of
             reducing
             the
             confus'd
             Mass
             of
             Light
             or
             the
             etherial
             Flame
             into
             a
             Body
             ,
             
             which
             made
             the
             Sun
             ;
             of
             reducing
             those
             lighter
             Fogs
             and
             wa●erish
             Mists
             into
             a
             Body
             ,
             which
             made
             the
             Moon
             ;
             how
             by
             clearing
             of
             the
             superlunary
             Firmament
             ,
             or
             the
             Planetary
             Spheres
             ,
             the
             Stars
             appear'd
             ,
             and
             what
             the
             Sun
             ,
             Moon
             ,
             and
             Stars
             contribute
             towards
             the
             Production
             of
             sensitive
             or
             locomotive
             Animals
             ,
             and
             why
             the
             Creation
             of
             these
             second
             Causes
             made
             the
             fourth
             Production
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             4.
             
             Of
             the
             Production
             of
             the
             second
             Degree
             of
             Life
             ,
             and
             first
             of
             oviparous
             Animals
             ,
             as
             Fish
             and
             waterish
             Insects
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             5.
             
             Of
             the
             second
             Genus
             o●
             oviparous
             Animals
             ,
             viz.
             the
             Aerial
             :
             And
             first
             of
             Fly-Insects
             ,
             secondly
             of
             Serpents
             ,
             thirdly
             of
             Birds
             ,
             and
             why
             Moses
             makes
             the
             waterish
             and
             aerial
             Animals
             congenial
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             6.
             
             Of
             the
             terrene
             ,
             or
             viviparous
             Animals
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             7.
             
             Of
             the
             Creation
             of
             Man
             ,
             the
             sixth
             Production
             .
          
           
             The
             Conclusion
             :
             Wherein
             is
             shewn
             the
             meaning
             and
             signisicancy
             of
             these
             Words
             .
             
               And
               God
               saw
               every
               thing
               that
               he
               had
               made
               ,
               and
               behold
               it
               was
               very
               good
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             A
             Discourse
             concerning
             the
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             ,
             shewing
             how
             Adam
             was
             introduced
             into
             it
             :
             The
             Time
             he
             continued
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             how
             he
             and
             Eve
             employed
             that
             Time.
             
          
           
             A
             Discourse
             concerning
             the
             Conflagration
             of
             this
             material
             World
             ;
             the
             Local
             Hell
             ;
             its
             outmost
             Boundaries
             ,
             or
             
             Abraham's
             Gulph
             .
          
           
             A
             short
             Treatise
             of
             Meteorology
             ,
             with
             some
             Observations
             concerning
             the
             Changes
             and
             Alterations
             of
             the
             Weather
             .
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 Of
                 Vapour●●nd
                 Exhalations
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 efficient
                 Causes
                 o●
                 all
                 Meteors
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 of
                 Heat
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Of
                 Cold
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 efficient
                 Cause
                 of
                 Meteors
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 4.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 or
                 Medium
                 wherein
                 all
                 Meteors
                 are
                 generated
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 5.
                 
                 Of
                 fiery
                 Meteors
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Chap.
                 6.
                 
                 Of
                 Comets
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Chap.
                 7.
                 
                 Of
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 its
                 Causes
                 and
                 Effects
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 8.
                 
                 Of
                 vaporous
                 Meteors
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 of
                 Dews
                 and
                 Hoar
                 Frosts
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 9.
                 
                 Of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 Hail
                 ,
                 and
                 Snow
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 10.
                 
                 O●
                 Hail
                 and
                 Snow
                 ,
                 with
                 Observations
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 11.
                 
                 Of
                 Frost
                 and
                 Thaw
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Chap.
                 12.
                 
                 O●
                 the
                 Sphere
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 13.
                 
                 Of
                 Wind
                 ,
                 Helms
                 ,
                 and
                 Arches
                 .
              
               
                 Chap.
                 14.
                 
                 Prognostications
                 of
                 the
                 Change
                 and
                 Alteration
                 of
                 Weather
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 setting
                 and
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           The
           Author
           living
           at
           a
           great
           Distance
           from
           the
           Press
           ,
           desires
           the
           Reader
           ●o
           p●●don
           those
           following
           Mistake●
           .
        
         
           PAge
           5.
           line
           13.
           read
           further
           ,
           p.
           25.
           l.
           6.
           r.
           Philosophically
           ,
           p.
           27.
           l.
           9.
           r.
           Anteperistatical
           ,
           p.
           30.
           l.
           10.
           r.
           Nutritius
           ,
           p.
           44.
           l.
           25.
           r.
           Fluidity
           ,
           p.
           67
           l.
           1.
           r.
           Nature
           ,
           p.
           91.
           l.
           4.
           r.
           Sublunary
           ,
           p.
           121.
           l.
           24.
           r.
           Litoral●s
           ,
           p.
           13●
           .
           l.
           25.
           r.
           Assimilation
           ,
           p.
           139.
           l.
           10.
           r.
           learned
           ,
           p.
           155.
           l.
           28.
           
             r.
             Zodiack
          
           ▪
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
           
           
             A
             Scheme
             wherein
             the
             Several
             Phaenomena
             of
             this
             Terraqueous
             Globe
             are
             Explained
             .
          
           
             
               
                 ABCDEFG
              
            
          
           
             
             
               A
            
             
               
                 The
                 
                   Central
                   Fire
                
                 disseminating
                 a
                 Vital
                 heat
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Cortex
                 or
                 Shel
                 of
                 the
                 Globe
                 .
              
            
             
               B
            
             
               
                 The
                 
                 Mountains
                 ●rom
                 the
                 Centre
                 to
                 the
                 Surface
                 .
              
            
             
               C
            
             
               
                 Heaths
                 .
              
            
             
               D
            
             
               
                 Plains
                 .
              
            
             
               E
            
             
               
                 The
                 Channel
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 flatt
                 Strata
                 or
                 Beds
                 of
                 Matter
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Acclivities
                 to
                 the
                 ●ountains
                 and
                 Declivities
                 to
                 the
                 Seas
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Elevations
                 and
                 Depressions
                 :
                 thus
                 described
                 
              
               
                 The
                 winding
                 and
                 turnings
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 Veins
                 ,
                 Dividing
                 the
                 several
                 Classes
                 of
                 Matter
                 described
                 thus
                 
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 Mass
                 of
                 s●●terranean
                 Water
                 Circulates
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Lesser
                 Fibres
                 ,
                 or
                 Rami
                 Factions
                 ▪
                 filling
                 all
                 the
                 flat
                 Strata
                 with
                 feeders
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 breaking
                 out
                 upon
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 cause
                 Spring
                 &c.
                 described
                 thus
                 ▪
                 
              
            
             
               F
            
             
               
                 The
                 Seas
                 with
                 the
                 Rivers
                 flowing
                 into
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 swelling
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 Ci●bosity
                 ;
                 and
                 causing
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 Continual
                 Fermentation
                 .
              
            
             
               G
            
             
               
                 Vapors
                 Arising
                 from
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 Attracted
                 by
                 the
                 Coldness
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 fixeth
                 there
                 :
                 Forming
                 an
                 Atmosphere
                 round
                 the
                 whole
                 Globe
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
           
             PART
             .
             I.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               ●he
               Philosophical
               meaning
               of
               these
               Words
               [
               In
               the
               beginning
               God
               created
               the
               Heavens
               and
               the
               Earth
               ,
               ]
               and
               what
               may
               be
               concluded
               from
               them
               .
            
             
               MOSES
               in
               his
               Philosophical
               Description
               of
               the
               Creation
               ,
               lays
               it
               down
               as
               a
               granted
               Principle
               or
               a
               grand
               Thesis
               ,
               ●●at
               the
               Heavens
               and
               the
               Earth
               ,
               with
               〈◊〉
               their
               Parts
               ,
               Furniture
               and
               variety
               〈◊〉
               Natures
               contained
               in
               them
               ,
               were
               ●●eated
               [
               
                 de
                 novo
              
               ]
               and
               that
               God
               the
               ●●pream
               Being
               Un-created
               ,
               and
               Inde●endent
               ,
               Almighty
               in
               Power
               ,
               and
               In●●nite
               in
               Wisdom
               and
               all
               Perfections
               ,
               ●as
               the
               efficient
               cause
               :
               That
               the
               time
               
               when
               the
               World
               was
               Created
               ,
               was
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               Time
               ;
               or
               when
               Time
               first
               began
               to
               have
               a
               Being
               ;
               for
               before
               the
               World
               was
               Created
               there
               was
               duration
               ,
               or
               
                 Stabilis
                 Aeternitas
              
               [
               as
               the
               Schoolmen
               express
               it
               ]
               but
               Time
               being
               an
               equal
               mensuration
               of
               Motion
               ,
               it
               and
               Motion
               began
               together
               .
            
             
               From
               this
               grand
               Thesis
               we
               may
               conclude
               ,
               First
               against
               Aristotle
               ,
               who
               endeavour'd
               by
               many
               Arguments
               to
               prove
               that
               the
               World
               ,
               as
               it
               now
               stands
               in
               Matter
               and
               Form
               ,
               was
               Eternal
               ;
               which
               Hypothesis
               advanceth
               the
               World
               into
               an
               equality
               with
               God
               ;
               makes
               it
               its
               own
               efficient
               Cause
               ,
               Uncreated
               and
               Independent
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Second
               place
               this
               
                 Mosaick
                 Thesis
              
               concludes
               against
               Plato
               and
               his
               Followers
               ;
               who
               ,
               tho'
               he
               did
               positively
               assert
               ,
               that
               God
               made
               the
               World
               ;
               yet
               he
               did
               conceive
               that
               the
               Matter
               on
               which
               it
               did
               consist
               was
               Eternal
               and
               Pre-existent
               :
               By
               which
               Hypothesis
               he
               concludes
               God
               to
               be
               an
               impotent
               cause
               ,
               not
               able
               to
               create
               the
               World
               without
               Matter
               and
               Stuff
               to
               work
               upon
               .
            
             
               These
               mistaken
               Principles
               in
               Philososophy
               were
               occasion'd
               from
               the
               Observation
               of
               the
               regular
               course
               of
               Nature
               ;
               not
               considering
               that
               there
               might
               
               be
               other
               causes
               which
               might
               produce
               effects
               in
               an
               other
               way
               than
               cou'd
               ever
               come
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               their
               narrow
               observation
               ;
               for
               how
               Spiritual
               Causes
               produce
               their
               effects
               ,
               its
               impossible
               for
               us
               whilst
               we
               continu●
               in
               this
               dark
               state
               of
               Matter
               ;
               wherein
               we
               have
               but
               a
               very
               short
               and
               narrow
               prospect
               to
               understand
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Third
               place
               it
               concludes
               against
               
               Democritus
               and
               his
               Followers
               ,
               who
               did
               not
               only
               conceit
               that
               Matter
               was
               Eternal
               and
               Pre-existent
               ;
               but
               that
               the
               World
               had
               no
               efficient
               cause
               ,
               but
               what
               was
               from
               Chance
               ,
               or
               the
               casual
               motion
               of
               Matter
               ;
               which
               consisting
               of
               infinite
               numbers
               of
               Atoms
               or
               little
               Corpuscles
               of
               different
               Figures
               ,
               Natures
               and
               Qualities
               ,
               which
               rainged
               about
               in
               a
               vast
               and
               infinite
               space
               ;
               until
               at
               the
               last
               by
               Divisions
               ,
               Separations
               and
               Mixtures
               occasioned
               by
               their
               contrary
               and
               mixt
               Qualities
               ,
               and
               the
               innate
               Power
               of
               Sympathy
               and
               Antipathy
               ,
               they
               at
               last
               setled
               into
               the
               Form
               and
               Figure
               of
               this
               World
               ,
               which
               it
               can
               no
               more
               alter
               or
               vary
               from
               ,
               than
               the
               active
               Fire
               be
               taught
               to
               change
               its
               Nature
               ,
               and
               descend
               and
               Gravation
               to
               ascend
               and
               fly
               upward
               .
            
             
             
               No
               doubt
               but
               this
               Hypothesis
               wa●
               grounded
               upon
               an
               experimental
               Observation
               of
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Matter
               of
               different
               Natures
               ,
               which
               being
               mixt
               together
               in
               a
               Glass
               ,
               or
               any
               transparent
               Vessel
               ,
               will
               separate
               and
               divide
               themselves
               
                 proprio
                 m●tu
              
               ;
               tho
               never
               so
               jumbled
               and
               mix'd
               together
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               not
               in
               this
               place
               sh●w
               you
               the
               absurdity
               of
               this
               Hypoth●sis
               ;
               but
               rather
               chuse
               in
               the
               following
               Chapters
               to
               give
               some
               account
               what
               Feats
               ,
               Matter
               and
               Motion
               will
               produce
               by
               vertue
               of
               their
               contrary
               Qualities
               ,
               and
               the
               power
               of
               Sympathy
               and
               Antipathy
               ;
               and
               how
               far
               God
               Almighty
               might
               make
               u●e
               of
               th●se
               towards
               the
               forming
               the
               materrial
               part
               of
               this
               World.
               
            
             
               We
               may
               hence
               farther
               conclude
               ,
               that
               
               although
               neither
               the
               World
               as
               it
               stands
               ,
               nor
               the
               Matter
               on
               which
               it
               consists
               did
               pre-exis●
               ;
               yet
               it
               was
               an
               immediate
               consequent
               of
               Eternity
               ,
               and
               the
               natural
               product
               of
               the
               Divine
               Essence
               ,
               and
               Attributes
               (
               viz.
               )
               Power
               ,
               Wisdom
               ,
               and
               Goodness
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               Model
               and
               Idea
               pre-conceiv'd
               in
               the
               Divine
               Understanding
               :
            
             
               For
               it
               cannot
               be
               imagin'd
               that
               th●
               Divine
               Essence
               wou'd
               for
               some
               time
               sit
               
               still
               ,
               and
               wrap
               up
               it's
               self
               in
               sloth
               and
               idleness
               ;
               but
               did
               always
               display
               its
               self
               in
               a
               vigorous
               activity
               .
            
             
               Besides
               the
               natural
               tendency
               of
               Infinite
               Power
               ,
               is
               Action
               ;
               of
               Infinite
               Wisdom
               is
               Counsel
               ;
               of
               Infinite
               Goodness
               is
               Beneficence
               :
               We
               cannot
               therefore
               but
               conclude
               from
               these
               Natural
               Arguments
               ,
               that
               God
               would
               from
               all
               Eternity
               follow
               the
               inclinations
               of
               his
               own
               Divine
               Perfections
               .
            
             
               From
               this
               grand
               Thesis
               we
               may
               yet
               
               futher
               conclude
               ,
               that
               this
               Universal
               Fabrick
               of
               the
               World
               was
               not
               created
               at
               one
               stroke
               ,
               by
               an
               imperious
               F●at
               ;
               for
               tho
               this
               might
               have
               been
               consistent
               with
               Infinite
               Power
               ;
               yet
               it
               would
               not
               have
               been
               agreeable
               with
               Infinite
               Wisdom
               ,
               which
               consists
               in
               Deliberation
               ,
               Counsel
               and
               Contrivance
               .
            
             
               Moses
               therefore
               tells
               us
               that
               God
               first
               created
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Earth
               :
               Like
               as
               some
               mighty
               Monarch
               designing
               to
               build
               a
               spacious
               and
               most
               glorious
               Palace
               ,
               first
               forms
               the
               Model
               of
               it
               in
               his
               mind
               ;
               and
               having
               prepar'd
               his
               Materials
               ,
               sets
               on
               work
               his
               Under-agents
               ,
               who
               first
               of
               all
               lay
               the
               Foundations
               ,
               and
               compleat
               his
               own
               Royal
               Apartments
               ,
               then
               the
               Apartments
               of
               
               his
               chief
               Ministers
               of
               State
               ,
               after
               that
               Chambers
               for
               his
               Domesticks
               ,
               and
               last
               of
               all
               Lodgings
               for
               his
               out
               Servants
               ;
               and
               the
               Work
               being
               finish'd
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Model
               which
               he
               gave
               his
               Architects
               to
               work
               by
               ,
               he
               gives
               it
               his
               Approbation
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               ,
               the
               Great
               and
               Almighty
               Monarch
               of
               the
               Universe
               may
               be
               supposed
               ,
               first
               to
               have
               laid
               the
               Foundations
               of
               those
               Super-Coelestial
               Regions
               of
               unaccessable
               Light
               ,
               the
               Royal
               Chambers
               of
               his
               own
               most
               Glorious
               Presence
               ;
               where
               he
               sits
               in
               great
               Majesty
               attended
               with
               an
               innumerable
               retinue
               of
               the
               most
               Noble
               Angels
               his
               Courtiers
               :
               After
               these
               he
               creates
               the
               highest
               of
               the
               Coelestial
               Spheres
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               placed
               Thousands
               of
               Royal
               Mansions
               ,
               where
               the
               Arch-Angels
               and
               Brighter
               Cherubins
               ,
               the
               chief
               Ministers
               of
               State
               in
               that
               Coelestial
               Kingdom
               keep
               their
               residence
               :
               And
               these
               are
               the
               Morning
               Stars
               which
               Iob
               tells
               us
               [
               by
               way
               of
               Synecdoche
               ]
               that
               met
               together
               ,
               and
               the
               Sons
               of
               God
               that
               did
               shout
               for
               joy
               .
               After
               these
               God
               created
               the
               inner
               or
               lower
               Spheres
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               placed
               innumerable
               numbers
               of
               bright
               ,
               lucid
               and
               Aetherial
               Globes
               ;
               wherein
               the
               inferior
               Angels
               and
               Domestick
               
               Officers
               do
               inhabit
               ,
               and
               these
               the
               Scripture
               stiles
               
                 Ministring
                 Spirits
              
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               differ
               in
               Office
               ,
               Power
               and
               Light
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               placed
               in
               Spheres
               nearer
               ,
               or
               at
               a
               distance
               from
               the
               Regions
               of
               Light
               :
               For
               as
               one
               Star
               differeth
               from
               another
               Star
               in
               Glory
               ,
               Light
               ,
               Purity
               and
               Magnitude
               ;
               So
               do
               their
               Heavenly
               Inhabitants
               :
               And
               so
               shall
               it
               be
               in
               the
               Resurrection
               from
               the
               Dead
               ;
               for
               as
               Men
               improve
               here
               in
               Vertue
               ,
               Goodness
               and
               the
               Divine
               Life
               and
               Light
               ,
               so
               shall
               they
               be
               placed
               nearer
               ,
               or
               at
               a
               distance
               from
               God
               ,
               the
               Fountain
               of
               Life
               and
               Light.
               
            
             
               After
               the
               finishing
               of
               these
               Inner
               Courts
               of
               this
               Royal
               Palace
               ,
               last
               of
               all
               God
               created
               this
               Material
               Globe
               or
               Outer
               Court
               ;
               and
               made
               it
               the
               Center
               of
               the
               Universe
               :
               And
               it
               's
               built
               of
               the
               Rubbidge
               ,
               Dross
               and
               Sediment
               of
               the
               whole
               Creation
               ,
               and
               inhabited
               with
               the
               meanest
               of
               Creatures
               ,
               and
               lowest
               degree
               of
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               ,
               which
               may
               most
               properly
               be
               called
               God's
               out
               Servants
               ;
               over
               which
               he
               has
               placed
               Man
               Deputy
               Lord
               Governour
               .
            
             
               This
               Material
               Globe
               ,
               tho
               it
               appears
               in
               its
               own
               dimensions
               to
               be
               o●
               great
               Magnitude
               to
               us
               (
               who
               bear
               not
               so
               
               much
               proportion
               to
               it
               ,
               as
               a
               Mole-hill
               does
               to
               the
               greatest
               Mountain
               )
               yet
               being
               compared
               to
               the
               whole
               Universe
               [
               if
               the
               computation
               of
               the
               best
               Philosophers
               be
               true
               ]
               it
               will
               scarce
               bear
               proportion
               to
               the
               Ninety
               six
               thousand
               part
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               It
               cannot
               therefore
               be
               imagined
               that
               the
               Wise
               Creator
               [
               who
               never
               made
               any
               thing
               in
               vain
               ,
               but
               to
               the
               best
               end●
               and
               wisest
               Purposes●
               ]
               should
               be
               so
               fond
               of
               a
               piece
               of
               dull
               stupid
               Matter
               ,
               as
               to
               create
               all
               those
               innumerable
               numbers
               of
               Bright
               ,
               Lucid
               ,
               Aetherial
               Globe●
               (
               the
               least
               of
               which
               exceeding
               this
               Mole-hill
               in
               Magnitude
               by
               several
               Diameters
               )
               for
               no
               other
               end
               or
               purpose
               than
               distinguishing
               of
               Days
               ,
               Months
               ,
               Seasons
               and
               Years
               ;
               and
               for
               casting
               a
               dark
               glimmering
               light
               to
               us
               poor
               Mortals
               .
            
             
               As
               God
               Almighty
               finished
               any
               part
               of
               the
               Creation
               ,
               he
               gave
               it
               a
               motion
               ,
               and
               this
               motion
               it
               performs
               naturally
               and
               insensibly
               ,
               without
               labour
               or
               difficulty
               ;
               as
               our
               Blood
               circulates
               through
               our
               Veins
               and
               our
               Vital
               Spirits
               glide
               in
               the
               Nerves
               through
               the
               whole
               Body
               .
            
             
               The
               Almighty
               having
               now
               finished
               the
               Creation
               which
               made
               up
               but
               one
               Royal
               Palace
               ,
               containing
               in
               it
               innumerable
               
               Mansions
               ,
               fit
               for
               the
               Subjects
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Monarch
               to
               live
               in
               :
               He
               sits
               at
               the
               Helm
               of
               this
               Floating
               Universe
               ,
               and
               Steers
               all
               its
               motion●
               with
               a
               steddy
               and
               unerring
               hand
               .
            
             
               And
               it
               can
               be
               no
               more
               labour
               to
               God
               to
               govern
               and
               actuate
               this
               World
               ;
               who
               as
               an
               Universal
               Soul
               is
               diffu●'d
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               is
               vitally
               present
               in
               every
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               than
               for
               a
               Man
               's
               rational
               Soul
               by
               Will
               and
               Cogitation
               ,
               to
               move
               a
               Finger
               or
               a
               Toe
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               part
               of
               his
               Body
               ;
               tho
               at
               the
               greatest
               distance
               from
               its
               Seat.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               God
               the
               Supream
               and
               Efficient
               Cause
               ;
               and
               why
               Moses
               proves
               not
               the
               being
               of
               a
               God
               expresly
               by
               way
               of
               Argument
               ;
               but
               implicitly
               by
               describing
               of
               the
               several
               degrees
               of
               Perfection
               ,
               and
               the
               Subordination●
               of
               Life
               .
            
             
               WHen
               Moses
               writ
               this
               excellent
               System
               of
               the
               Creation
               ,
               Politheism
               and
               Idolatry
               had
               prevailed
               over
               the
               generality
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               and
               
               Abraham's
               Posterity
               were
               become
               Worshippers
               of
               Egyptian
               Gods
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               their
               making
               of
               a
               
                 Molten
                 Calf
                 at
                 Horeb.
              
               
            
             
               Yet
               notwithstanding
               this
               multitude
               of
               Inferior
               Deities
               which
               the
               World
               had
               set
               up
               for
               Divine
               Worship
               ;
               the
               generality
               of
               Mankind
               did
               universally
               believe
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               one
               Supreme
               God
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               efficient
               Cause
               and
               Almighty
               Creator
               of
               this
               World
               ,
               consisting
               of
               the
               Heavens
               and
               the
               Earth
               :
               and
               that
               this
               God
               was
               the
               Father
               and
               Governour
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Philosopher
               might
               therefore
               justly
               conclude
               it
               superfluous
               to
               prove
               by
               strength
               of
               Argument
               a
               Tenet
               ,
               or
               rather
               an
               Article
               of
               Faith
               ;
               to
               which
               the
               common
               Suffrage
               of
               Mankind
               did
               so
               universally
               consent
               and
               agree
               :
               And
               if
               it
               be
               suppos'd
               that
               Moses
               writ
               this
               System
               of
               the
               Creation
               ,
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               Book
               ,
               which
               gives
               an
               account
               of
               the
               Patriarchal
               Genealogies
               ,
               on
               purpose
               for
               the
               benefit
               and
               instruction
               of
               the
               Israelites
               ;
               who
               in
               all
               probability
               could
               not
               but
               be
               ignorant
               of
               the
               Traditions
               and
               Religion
               of
               their
               Ancestors
               :
               [
               the
               
                 ●pse
                 dixit
              
               ]
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Philosopher
               ;
               a
               Man
               so
               eminent
               for
               these
               mighty
               and
               unparallel'd
               Miracles
               and
               Wonders
               ,
               which
               th'
               Almighty
               wrought
               by
               his
               Hand
               upon
               Egypt
               before
               their
               eyes
               ;
               were
               sufficient
               to
               convince
               them
               ,
               not
               only
               of
               a
               bare
               credibility
               ;
               but
               of
               the
               Truth
               and
               Certainty
               of
               this
               Divine
               Thesus
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               a
               God
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               created
               the
               Heavens
               and
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               But
               as
               God
               did
               not
               limit
               and
               consine
               his
               Favours
               wholly
               to
               
               Abraham's
               Posterity
               ;
               but
               extends
               them
               to
               the
               Universal
               Body
               of
               Mankind
               :
               So
               notwithstanding
               that
               Moses
               wri●
               these
               Books
               for
               the
               instruction
               of
               that
               People
               
               in
               the
               first
               place
               ,
               he
               undoubtedly
               de●●gn'd
               them
               for
               the
               information
               of
               others
               living
               in
               a
               State
               of
               Ignorance
               :
            
             
               And
               therefore
               although
               he
               does
               no●
               expresly
               by
               way
               of
               Argument
               prove
               the
               Being
               of
               a
               God
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               wa●
               the
               Supreme
               Cause
               of
               the
               World's
               Creation
               [
               Atheism
               being
               not
               then
               heard
               of
               in
               the
               World
               ]
               yet
               he
               does
               it
               implicitly
               by
               describing
               of
               those
               several
               Degrees
               and
               Subordinations
               of
               Life
               in
               the
               World
               ;
               and
               by
               shewing
               how
               eve●y
               inferior
               Rank
               of
               Creatures
               is
               subservient
               to
               its
               Superior
               ;
               and
               how
               every
               inferior
               Species
               is
               concatenated
               and
               link'd
               to
               its
               Superior
               by
               intermediates
               ,
               all
               which
               is
               so
               visible
               and
               obvious
               in
               the
               Frame
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               that
               an
               easie
               Philosopher
               without
               any
               great
               difficulty
               ,
               or
               hard
               Study
               may
               ascend
               Gradatim
               ,
               first
               from
               those
               common
               Minerals
               of
               Salt
               ,
               Sulphur
               and
               Mercury
               ,
               to
               the
               several
               degrees
               and
               kinds
               of
               Oars
               and
               Metals
               ;
               from
               these
               to
               the
               fertile
               Soil
               :
               from
               it
               to
               the
               several
               degrees
               of
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               in
               Vegetables
               ,
               as
               Grass
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               Plants
               ,
               Shrubs
               ,
               Trees
               ,
               &c.
               and
               from
               these
               to
               the
               Zoophyta
               or
               Plant-Animals
               ,
               which
               concatenates
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Vegetation
               to
               the
               lowest
               
               degree
               of
               Sensation
               ;
               from
               the
               several
               degrees
               of
               Sensation
               in
               Brutal
               Animals
               ,
               to
               Man
               which
               is
               an
               intermediate
               Animal
               ,
               that
               links
               and
               couples
               Heaven
               and
               Eearth
               together
               ;
               from
               Man
               to
               t●e
               several
               degrees
               of
               Light
               ,
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               in
               the
               Angelick
               Nature
               ;
               and
               from
               the
               Intellectual
               Nature
               ,
               to
               God
               the
               Fountain
               of
               Light
               ,
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               ;
               who
               ,
               as
               an
               Universal
               Soul
               ,
               actuates
               the
               whole
               World
               ,
               by
               giving
               of
               the
               several
               degrees
               of
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               to
               all
               the
               Creatures
               in
               the
               Animal
               World
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               plac'd
               in
               Orbs
               or
               Spheres
               nearer
               or
               at
               a
               greater
               distanc●
               from
               his
               Divine
               Essen●e
               .
            
             
               Thus
               in
               God
               all
               Creatures
               Live
               ,
               Move
               ,
               and
               have
               their
               Beings
               ,
               and
               by
               these
               gradations
               we
               may
               either
               ascend
               up
               to
               Heaven
               ,
               where
               God
               Almighty
               resides
               in
               Infinite
               Glory
               and
               Perfectio●
               ,
               or
               from
               thence
               descend
               to
               the
               hidden
               and
               dark
               Regions
               of
               Matter
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               the
               Creation
               of
               Second
               Causes
               ,
               and
               the
               manner
               of
               their
               Producton
               ;
               and
               ways
               of
               Working
               .
            
             
               THE
               grand
               reason
               why
               Plato
               and
               Aristotle
               ,
               and
               ●he
               rest
               of
               the
               Natural
               Philosophers
               did
               assume
               it
               as
               a
               granted
               Principle
               ,
               that
               Nothing
               wa●
               made
               out
               of
               Nothing
               ;
               and
               that
               every
               thing
               produced
               ,
               had
               necessarily
               some
               pre-existent
               Matter
               out
               of
               which
               it
               was
               so
               formed
               ;
               was
               [
               as
               I
               have
               already
               hinted
               ]
               because
               they
               cou'd
               not
               observe
               in
               the
               ordinary
               course
               of
               Nature
               any
               thing
               produced
               
                 de
                 novo
              
               ;
               therefore
               ●hey
               concluded
               it
               impossible
               that
               any
               such
               Production
               cou'd
               ever
               be
               ,
               or
               ●appen
               in
               Nature
               :
            
             
               But
               from
               particular
               Experiments
               or
               Observations
               to
               establish
               a
               general
               Conclusion
               ;
               especially
               concerning
               the
               impossibility
               of
               any
               thing
               's
               Existence
               ,
               is
               no
               regular
               and
               warrantable
               way
               of
               argumentation
               ;
               for
               there
               may
               be
               Agents
               of
               another
               Sort
               ,
               and
               Powers
               which
               can
               produce
               Effects
               in
               another
               way
               ,
               than
               cou'd
               
               ever
               come
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               our
               observation
               ;
               for
               we
               see
               ,
               and
               cannot
               but
               make
               it
               an
               observation
               ,
               that
               one
               sensitive
               Animal
               by
               the
               power
               of
               Sensation
               can
               do
               more
               ,
               and
               produce
               greater
               effects
               ,
               than
               all
               the
               Vegetables
               can
               produce
               by
               the
               power
               and
               strength
               of
               Vegetation
               .
               And
               one
               Man
               by
               the
               Power
               of
               his
               Natural
               Reason
               can
               produce
               more
               noble
               Effects
               ,
               than
               all
               the
               Brute
               Animals
               by
               the
               Strength
               of
               Sensation
               ;
               so
               one
               Angel
               by
               the
               Power
               and
               Vigour
               of
               his
               Spiritual
               and
               Intellectual
               Natures
               ,
               can
               produce
               effects
               more
               great
               and
               wonderful
               ,
               than
               all
               the
               Men
               in
               the
               World
               can
               by
               the
               power
               of
               Reason
               ,
               tho'
               never
               so
               exalted
               and
               sublimated
               ;
               for
               we
               read
               in
               2
               Kings
               19.
               
               Chap.
               and
               15.
               
               Verse
               that
               an
               Angel
               in
               one
               night
               went
               out
               and
               smote
               in
               the
               Camp
               of
               th'
               Assyrians
               one
               Hundred
               and
               fourscore
               and
               five
               thous●nd
               ;
               but
               how
               or
               by
               what
               means
               this
               Angelick
               ,
               power
               was
               exercised
               it
               is
               not
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               shallow
               Reason
               to
               conceive
               :
               Yet
               we
               may
               reasonably
               conclude
               from
               it
               ,
               that
               if
               an
               Angel
               ,
               by
               the
               Power
               of
               his
               Intellectual
               Nature
               ,
               can
               do
               more
               than
               a●l
               the
               Men
               in
               the
               World
               ;
               so
               God
               Almighty
               by
               his
               Divine
               Essence
               can
               produce
               greater
               and
               far
               more
               wonderful
               
               effects
               than
               the
               whole
               Angelick
               Nature
               ;
               even
               such
               as
               is
               impossible
               either
               for
               us
               ,
               or
               them
               to
               understand
               .
            
             
               But
               Moses
               having
               ,
               to
               hi●
               great
               improvements
               in
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               the
               Advan●ages
               of
               the
               Patriarchal
               Tradition●
               ,
               and
               a
               Divine
               Revelation
               ;
               and
               being
               best
               acquainted
               with
               God
               Almighty's
               Power
               in
               producing
               Effects
               ;
               doth
               not
               only
               positively
               asser●
               ,
               that
               God
               was
               the
               Maker
               and
               Builder
               o●
               this
               World
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               Created
               i●
               and
               the
               Matter
               on
               which
               it
               doth
               consist
               ,
               out
               o●
               Nothing
               ,
               and
               that
               by
               uttering
               of
               tha●
               Almighty
               Word
               [
               s●at
               ]
               not
               audibly
               ,
               for
               then
               there
               was
               no
               sensible
               Auditor
               in
               Being
               ;
               but
               mentally
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               by
               an
               Act
               of
               Volition
               ;
               
                 sic
                 volo
                 sic
                 ●ubeo
              
               being
               o●ly
               a
               Prerogative
               of
               Almigh●y
               Power
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               Causes
               which
               this
               Almigh●y
               Power
               Created
               out
               of
               Nothing
               ,
               and
               which
               he
               made
               use
               of
               as
               instrumental
               i●
               all
               Productions
               of
               a
               mixt
               Constitution
               ,
               may
               be
               considered
               either
               as
               they
               are
               Essential
               or
               Accidental
               .
            
             
               The
               Essential
               Causes
               were
               Light
               and
               Darkness
               ;
               the
               External
               and
               Accidental
               Causes
               were
               Motion
               ,
               Time
               ,
               and
               Place
               ;
               without
               which
               all
               Natural
               Productions
               are
               Physically
               impossible
               .
            
             
             
               God
               having
               created
               these
               Second
               Causes
               by
               another
               Imperious
               VVord
               ,
               set
               them
               on
               working
               ;
               and
               he
               gave
               them
               also
               a
               Rule
               or
               Model
               to
               work
               by
               ,
               which
               is
               most
               commonly
               called
               the
               Course
               of
               Nature
               ;
               and
               when
               these
               new
               Agents
               had
               produced
               any
               effect
               ,
               he
               view'd
               it
               ,
               and
               gave
               it
               his
               Divine
               approbation
               ,
               in
               these
               Words
               ;
               
                 God
                 saw
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 good
              
               (
               i.e.
               )
               that
               it
               was
               agreeable
               with
               that
               Rule
               and
               Model
               he
               had
               given
               them
               to
               work
               by
               ;
               which
               words
               ,
               tho'
               they
               be
               spoken
               
                 ad
                 Hominem
              
               ,
               yet
               undoubtedly
               Moses
               intended
               by
               them
               to
               instruct
               and
               inform
               Mankind
               ,
               that
               the
               World
               was
               not
               made
               by
               Chance
               ,
               or
               the
               casual
               Motion
               of
               blind
               Atoms
               ,
               as
               some
               since
               have
               Atheistically
               asserted
               ;
               but
               by
               Wisdom
               ,
               Councel
               and
               Deliberation
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               establish'd
               Course
               of
               Nature
               ,
               or
               these
               Laws
               and
               Rules
               which
               the
               Divine
               Wisdom
               gave
               to
               the
               Second
               Causes
               to
               work
               by
               ,
               he
               never
               interrupts
               or
               varies
               from
               ;
               but
               upon
               great
               and
               extraordinary
               occasions
               ,
               when
               he
               is
               pleas'd
               to
               give
               some
               Demonstrations
               ,
               of
               his
               Almighty
               Power
               and
               Universal
               Providence
               by
               which
               he
               governs
               the
               World
               at
               his
               Will
               and
               Pleasure
               ;
               then
               
               he
               can
               either
               divert
               the
               Natural
               Causes
               from
               their
               usual
               course
               ,
               or
               by
               them
               produce
               Supernatural
               Effects
               ;
               as
               the
               destruction
               of
               Sodom
               and
               Gomorrah
               by
               extraordinary
               Thunder
               and
               Lightning
               ▪
               the
               Destruction
               of
               all
               living
               Creatures
               upon
               the
               face
               of
               the
               Earth
               by
               an
               Universal
               Deluge
               ;
               or
               he
               can
               stop
               them
               in
               their
               Natural
               Course
               ,
               as
               when
               he
               caus'd
               the
               Sea
               to
               divide
               and
               stand
               still
               ,
               and
               the
               Sun
               to
               move
               backwards
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               Light
               and
               Darkness
               ,
               the
               common
               Principles
               of
               mix'd
               Bodies
               ,
               what
               they
               were
               in
               Mass
               ;
               and
               how
               thei●
               division
               made
               the
               first
               production
               .
            
             
               ALL
               the
               Natural
               Philosophers
               wanting
               the
               assistance
               of
               a
               Divine
               Revelation
               ,
               did
               agree
               in
               this
               ;
               that
               there
               cou'd
               be
               no
               Production
               of
               a
               mixt
               Constitution
               ,
               without
               a
               Sympathetical
               Union
               of
               an
               active
               and
               passive
               Principle
               ;
               but
               what
               these
               Principles
               of
               Activity
               and
               Passivity
               were
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               easily
               determine
               .
            
             
             
               These
               our
               great
               Philosopher
               expresseth
               by
               the
               Names
               of
               Light
               and
               Darkness
               ;
               which
               when
               they
               came
               immediately
               out
               of
               Gods
               hand
               ,
               were
               bound
               up
               and
               hamper'd
               in
               one
               confus'd
               Mass
               ;
               which
               might
               fitly
               be
               compar'd
               to
               a
               dark
               and
               palpable
               Mist
               ,
               like
               the
               Aegyptian
               Darkness
               which
               was
               to
               be
               felt
               ,
               in
               which
               vast
               Fog
               or
               Mist
               were
               bound
               ●p
               ,
               and
               smother'd
               those
               bright
               ,
               lucid
               and
               active
               Particles
               of
               pure
               and
               Volatile
               Aether
               ,
               as
               we
               see
               Light
               inclos'd
               within
               the
               walls
               of
               a
               dark
               Lan●horn
               ;
               or
               the
               active
               Particles
               of
               Fire
               when
               smother'd
               in
               Ashes
               ,
               or
               imprison'd
               within
               the
               dark
               body
               of
               Matter
               .
            
             
               Thus
               Darkness
               was
               upon
               the
               face
               of
               this
               thick
               Mist
               or
               Fog
               of
               Matter
               ,
               until
               God
               by
               another
               Almighty
               Fiat
               created
               Motion
               ;
               which
               being
               infus'd
               into
               the
               stagnating
               Mist
               of
               Matter
               ,
               the
               whole
               Mass
               of
               it
               was
               put
               into
               a
               fermentation
               and
               motion
               ;
               and
               whilst
               the
               contrary
               Q●alities
               were
               acting
               their
               Antipathies
               one
               upon
               another
               ,
               these
               nimble
               and
               active
               Particles
               of
               lucid
               Aether
               [
               being
               the
               most
               Volatile
               ]
               broke
               through
               this
               dark
               Mass
               of
               Matter
               ,
               and
               uniting
               themselves
               ,
               caus'd
               a
               bright
               shining
               Light
               ,
               which
               Moses
               calls
               
               Day
               :
               and
               this
               division
               of
               Light
               from
               Darkness
               ,
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               putting
               of
               the
               whole
               Mass
               of
               Matter
               into
               a
               Fermentation
               and
               Motion
               ,
               made
               the
               first
               Production
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Light
               ,
               the
               formal
               Cause
               of
               all
               mixt
               Productions
               ,
               what
               it
               was
               whilst
               in
               Mass.
               
            
             
               BY
               Light
               is
               to
               be
               understood
               that
               vast
               Aetherial
               flame
               ,
               which
               whilst
               ●t
               was
               in
               Mass
               diffus'd
               its
               bright
               shining
               Rays
               ,
               not
               only
               through
               the
               Material
               Regions
               ,
               but
               the
               Planetary
               and
               Coelestial
               Spheres
               :
               This
               Aetherial
               flame
               was
               the
               
                 Anima
                 Mundi
              
               ,
               the
               Vehicle
               of
               Life
               ,
               wherein
               was
               contain'd
               the
               Seminal
               and
               Specifick
               Forms
               of
               all
               sublunary
               Creatures
               ,
               [
               Man
               o●ly
               ●xcepted
               ]
               and
               then
               da●c'd
               about
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               ,
               like
               A●oms
               in
               the
               Morning
               Sun
               Beams
               ;
               until
               its
               Prolifick
               Slime
               ,
               by
               vertue
               of
               its
               Plastick
               Power
               was
               modifi'd
               and
               pr●par'd
               for
               receiving
               of
               Life
               .
            
             
             
               And
               this
               seems
               to
               be
               the
               sense
               and
               Philosophical
               meaning
               of
               Moses
               in
               the
               Second
               Chapter
               of
               Genesis
               ,
               Verse
               the
               Fifth
               ;
               God
               made
               every
               Plant
               of
               the
               Field
               before
               it
               was
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               every
               Herb
               of
               the
               Field
               before
               it
               grew
               ;
               meaning
               only
               their
               Seminal
               and
               Specifick
               Forms
               which
               were
               contain'd
               in
               a
               Vehicle
               of
               Light
               ,
               before
               they
               were
               united
               to
               their
               Material
               Vehicles
               .
            
             
               Thus
               Light
               according
               to
               the
               Mosaick
               Principles
               of
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               became
               the
               Formal
               Cause
               or
               the
               Male
               Parent
               of
               all
               mixt
               Productions
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Darkness
               ,
               the
               material
               cause
               of
               all
               mixt
               Productions
               ;
               what
               it
               was
               in
               Mass
               ,
               how
               it
               was
               reduc'd
               into
               Form
               :
               Of
               the
               Power
               of
               Matter
               and
               Motion
               :
               Of
               Sympathy
               and
               Antiphathy
               .
            
             
               BY
               Darkness
               ,
               the
               other
               Principle
               ,
               or
               Material
               cause
               of
               generation
               ,
               is
               not
               meant
               a
               bare
               p●ivation
               of
               Light
               ;
               but
               that
               vast
               Mist
               ,
               or
               Dark
               Fog
               of
               Matter
               consisting
               of
               infinite
               Numbers
               of
               Particles
               or
               little
               Corpuscles
               of
               different
               Figures
               ,
               and
               contrary
               Qualities
               ,
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               Principle
               of
               motion
               infus'd
               into
               it
               ,
               run
               a
               Reel
               in
               a
               dark
               confusion
               until
               these
               contrary
               Q●alities
               of
               Heat
               and
               Cold
               ,
               Siccity
               and
               Humidity
               ,
               Gravitation
               and
               Levity
               ,
               falling
               out
               among
               'em
               selves
               begun
               to
               act
               their
               Antipa●hies
               upon
               one
               another
               ;
               which
               causing
               them
               to
               separate
               and
               divide
               ,
               those
               of
               the
               same
               kindred
               and
               affini●y
               ,
               by
               the
               Power
               of
               a
               S●cret
               and
               Innate
               Sympathy
               drew
               together
               and
               united
               .
            
             
             
               And
               first
               of
               all
               ,
               these
               Particle●
               of
               Matter
               ,
               which
               were
               of
               a
               hot
               and
               volatile
               Nature
               ,
               being
               most
               active
               and
               vigorous
               ,
               plac'd
               themselves
               in
               the
               Centre
               or
               Middle
               ,
               as
               we
               observe
               'em
               always
               to
               do
               in
               S●acks
               of
               Hay
               ,
               Corn
               or
               other
               composi●ions
               of
               mixt
               Matters
               ,
               wherein
               there
               is
               a
               strife
               or
               contest
               between
               those
               contrary
               Qualities
               of
               Heat
               and
               Cold
               ,
               Siccity
               and
               Humidity
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               hot
               and
               siery
               Pa●ticles
               having
               by
               their
               natural
               tendency
               taken
               possession
               of
               the
               Centre
               ,
               began
               immediately
               to
               ●ct
               their
               Antipathy
               upon
               those
               Particles
               of
               Matter
               that
               were
               of
               a
               cold
               and
               waterish
               substance
               ;
               forcing
               them
               to
               fly
               to
               the
               Circumfe●●nce
               ,
               and
               to
               range
               about
               in
               thick
               Fogs
               and
               waterish
               Mists
               ;
               filling
               up
               not
               only
               that
               vast
               Expansion
               between
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Ea●th
               and
               the
               Moons
               Vortex
               ;
               but
               all
               ●he
               Planetary
               Spheres
               .
            
             
               During
               which
               contest
               between
               Heat
               and
               Cold
               ,
               Fi●e
               and
               Water
               ,
               the
               intermediate
               Matter
               of
               a
               mixt
               Nature
               ,
               neither
               ●imply
               hot
               nor
               cold
               ;
               but
               participa●ing
               of
               both
               Natures
               (
               viz.
               )
               such
               as
               were
               of
               an
               Unctious
               ,
               Pinguid
               ,
               Bituminous
               and
               Terrene
               Quality
               ,
               se●led
               themselves
               in
               a
               midle
               Sphere
               .
            
             
             
               And
               every
               Class
               of
               Matter
               of
               the
               same
               Kind
               and
               Species
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               secure
               it
               ●elf
               from
               intermixing
               with
               the
               Matter
               of
               a
               different
               Nature
               ,
               did
               inclose
               it self
               with
               great
               Dykes
               or
               Partitions
               ,
               consisting
               of
               Excrementitious
               ,
               confu●'d
               and
               undigested
               Matter
               ;
               and
               the
               natural
               Position
               of
               these
               being
               Rake-wise
               from
               the
               surface
               towards
               the
               Centre
               ,
               they
               most
               properly
               may
               be
               esteem'd
               the
               greater
               joynts
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               these
               divide
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Matter
               ,
               so
               they
               preserve
               the
               several
               Feeders
               and
               Mineral
               Waters
               from
               intermixing
               ,
               as
               will
               be
               more
               largely
               shewn
               ;
               when
               we
               shall
               have
               occasion
               to
               Discourse
               of
               Dykes
               ,
               Rakes
               ,
               Veins
               ,
               Strings
               ,
               Riders
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               confus'd
               M●ss
               of
               mixt
               Matter
               being
               thus
               red●c'd
               to
               several
               Classes
               and
               a
               regular
               ●orm
               ;
               every
               Class
               leading
               to
               some
               proper
               Mine
               or
               Mineral
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               siner
               and
               better
               digested
               part
               of
               that
               Class
               ;
               as
               Coal
               ,
               Rudle
               ,
               Iron
               and
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Ore
               ;
               and
               these
               all
               lay
               in
               lax
               and
               ●luid
               Strat●
               or
               Beds
               ,
               like
               the
               loose
               Leaves
               in
               an
               unpres●'d
               Volume
               or
               Book
               ,
               or
               like
               the
               weak
               joynts
               in
               a
               newly
               conceiv'd
               
               Embrio
               ,
               enclos'd
               in
               a
               Bag
               of
               Water
               in
               the
               Womb
               of
               its
               pregnant
               Mother
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               the
               Spirit
               of
               God
               moving
               upon
               the
               face
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               what
               is
               Pholosophically
               meant
               by
               it
               :
               Of
               the
               first
               division
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               the
               clearing
               of
               the
               sublunary
               Firmament
               .
            
             
               THE
               whole
               Mass
               of
               Terren●
               Matter
               being
               thus
               far
               reduc'd
               into
               Form
               and
               Order
               ;
               [
               not
               according
               to
               the
               Laws
               of
               Gravity
               ,
               the
               heaviest
               subsiding
               first
               in
               order
               and
               falling
               lowest
               ,
               as
               Dr.
               Woodward
               conceives
               ,
               which
               mistake
               in
               Observation
               will
               be
               made
               apparent
               in
               its
               proper
               place
               ]
               [
               but
               by
               motion
               of
               consent
               ,
               suitability
               of
               Natures
               ,
               and
               an
               agreeable
               juxta-position
               of
               Parts
               .
               ]
            
             
               The
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 God
                 moved
                 upon
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Waters
                 ,
              
               which
               Words
               ,
               if
               we
               consider
               
               'em
               under
               a
               philoso●●ical
               Notion
               ,
               may
               be
               understood
               o●
               the
               Aetherial
               Flame
               ,
               which
               moving
               upon
               those
               waterish
               Fogs
               and
               Mists
               ,
               rarifi'd
               the
               more
               subtile
               and
               t●nuious
               Parts
               or
               Fumes
               of
               it
               into
               a
               brisk
               gale
               of
               cold
               condensing
               Wind
               ;
               which
               did
               not
               only
               clear
               up
               the
               Sublunary
               Firmament
               by
               dividing
               of
               those
               Fogs
               into
               Sublunary
               and
               Superlunary
               Waters
               ;
               but
               by
               condensing
               the
               Sublunary
               Fogs
               and
               Mists
               into
               a
               vast
               body
               of
               Water
               ,
               it
               cover'd
               and
               surrounded
               the
               whole
               body
               of
               Terrene
               Matter
               ;
               and
               as
               the
               Waters
               sank
               down
               towards
               the
               Centre
               ,
               they
               press'd
               together
               the
               several
               Strata
               or
               Layers
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Mines
               ,
               Minerals
               and
               other
               Subterrene
               Earths
               ,
               as
               we
               press
               together
               the
               leaves
               of
               a
               large
               Volume
               ;
               and
               in
               our
               sinking
               and
               digging
               into
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               we
               find
               them
               lying
               upon
               Fla●s
               with
               a
               Dibb
               and
               Rise
               ,
               the
               Rise
               towards
               the
               tops
               of
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               the
               Dibb
               towards
               the
               main
               Ocean
               ;
               as
               the
               Waters
               left
               them
               and
               forc'd
               them
               up
               ,
               when
               they
               drew
               down
               into
               their
               proper
               Channel
               .
            
             
               The
               whole
               Mass
               of
               Terrene
               Matter
               being
               thus
               Compact
               and
               Cemented
               together
               by
               the
               pressures
               of
               the
               circumambient
               
               ambient
               Waters
               ,
               as
               we
               press
               Brick
               and
               Tyle
               in
               their
               several
               Moulds
               ;
               the
               Central
               ●ire
               did
               by
               its
               heat
               bake
               and
               consolidate
               those
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Mines
               and
               Minerals
               that
               were
               of
               a
               fiery
               nature
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               those
               of
               an
               unctuous
               and
               pinguid
               quality
               ,
               into
               their
               several
               degrees
               of
               Consolidation
               and
               Induration
               ;
               whilst
               the
               Anteperistical
               Cold
               ,
               together
               with
               those
               petrifying
               juices
               of
               Salt
               and
               Nitre
               which
               then
               did
               abound
               in
               all
               the
               lax
               and
               undigested
               Strata
               ,
               did
               petrify
               those
               Strata
               of
               a
               Terrene
               Nature
               into
               their
               several
               degr●es
               of
               Induration
               and
               Lapidifaction
               .
            
             
               By
               these
               Natural
               Gradations
               the
               Earth
               became
               fixt
               upon
               its
               Center
               ,
               and
               ●he
               Waters
               a
               fluid
               body
               moving
               and
               circulating
               about
               it
               ;
               and
               they
               both
               made
               one
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               of
               a
               Spherical
               and
               Mathematical
               Rotundity
               ;
               all
               the
               Lines
               from
               the
               Superficies
               to
               the
               Centre
               being
               of
               an
               equal
               length
               .
            
             
               Thus
               the
               space
               between
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Waters
               and
               the
               Moon
               's
               Vortex
               was
               clear'd
               of
               all
               those
               Fogs
               and
               Mists
               which
               ranged
               about
               in
               it
               :
               And
               being
               fill'd
               with
               their
               Air
               ,
               Moses
               calls
               it
               the
               Firmament
               of
               Heaven
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               second
               Production
               (
               viz.
               )
               of
               
               space
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Under-agents
               or
               second
               Causes
               had
               room
               to
               work
               ,
               and
               produce
               effects
               of
               a
               higher
               and
               more
               noble
               Nature
               and
               Quality
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               The
               division
               of
               the
               lower
               Waters
               into
               Subterranean
               ,
               Superterranean
               ,
               and
               Nubiferous
               ;
               and
               by
               what
               Gradations
               the
               dry
               Land
               appeared
               .
            
             
               THO'
               this
               great
               Embrio
               was
               ready
               for
               birth
               and
               to
               breath
               in
               fresh
               Air
               ;
               yet
               it
               could
               not
               be
               deliver'd
               from
               this
               great
               Bag
               of
               Water
               ,
               wherein
               it
               was
               enclos'd
               ,
               by
               any
               innate
               Power
               it
               had
               in
               it self
               ,
               without
               a
               Supernatural
               assistance
               :
               The
               Almighty
               was
               pleas'd
               therefore
               to
               play
               the
               Midwife
               ,
               and
               to
               deliver
               it
               by
               breaking
               of
               this
               great
               body
               of
               Water
               ;
               and
               by
               dividing
               of
               the
               sweet
               from
               those
               of
               a
               Saline
               and
               Brakish
               Nature
               .
            
             
               For
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               intermediate
               Matter
               which
               made
               the
               Shell
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               was
               redn●'d
               into
               Form
               and
               Order
               ;
               and
               
               the
               several
               Strata
               or
               Layers
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Minerals
               ,
               and
               Subterrene
               Earths
               with
               their
               cross-cutting
               and
               dividing
               Dykes
               ,
               Rakes
               ,
               Ryders
               ,
               Veins
               and
               Strings
               or
               Side-branches
               had
               receiv'd
               from
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Central
               fire
               and
               the
               petrefying
               Juices
               of
               Salt
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               their
               several
               degrees
               of
               Incrustation
               ,
               Induration
               and
               Lapidifaction
               ;
               the
               thirsty
               Matter
               gradually
               suckt
               in
               the
               thin
               sweet
               Water
               ,
               until
               all
               its
               Veins
               ,
               Dykes
               ,
               Cavities
               and
               Pores
               were
               fill'd
               and
               saturated
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               Water
               being
               the
               Sedement
               of
               the
               whole
               Mass
               ,
               and
               likewise
               being
               too
               thick
               to
               penetrate
               and
               pass
               through
               the
               stra●t
               Pores
               and
               Strainers
               of
               the
               solid
               and
               condensed
               Matter
               ,
               did
               gradually
               draw
               down
               to
               its
               Channel
               :
               And
               all
               the
               Veins
               and
               Pores
               of
               the
               Earth
               being
               now
               Saturated
               with
               sweet
               Water
               ;
               the
               Subterranean
               Lympheducts
               ,
               or
               underground
               Water-works
               began
               first
               to
               bubble
               up
               and
               play
               from
               the
               tops
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               ;
               from
               whence
               th●
               Rivers
               took
               their
               first
               rise
               ,
               and
               began
               to
               form
               their
               courses
               to
               the
               Sea
               ;
               and
               by
               their
               rapidity
               and
               weight
               continually
               pressing
               in
               upon
               her
               from
               all
               sides
               ,
               swell'd
               her
               up
               into
               a
               Gibbosity
               ,
               and
               
               
               
               
               
               for●'d
               her
               into
               a
               constant
               flux
               and
               reflux
               ,
               which
               reciprocation
               of
               Motion
               causing
               in
               her
               a
               boyling
               Fermentation
               ,
               the
               sweet
               Water
               does
               disentangle
               it self
               from
               the
               Salt
               ;
               and
               being
               lighter
               ,
               riseth
               up
               in
               Fumes
               and
               Vapours
               ,
               which
               fly
               abroad
               until
               they
               be
               condens'd
               into
               Clouds
               ,
               which
               falling
               down
               in
               showers
               of
               sweet
               Water
               upon
               the
               Earth
               become●
               the
               
                 Succus
                 Nutritivus
              
               of
               the
               fleshy
               pa●t
               of
               it
               ;
               giving
               not
               only
               a
               vital
               nourishment
               to
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Animals
               living
               on
               the
               outer
               Coat
               or
               Skin
               of
               it
               ;
               but
               repairing
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               by
               preserving
               them
               from
               wasting
               .
            
             
               The
               Waters
               being
               now
               divided
               into
               Superterranean
               ,
               Subterranean
               and
               Nubiferous
               ,
               the
               dry
               Land
               appear'd
               ,
               and
               was
               gradually
               prepar'd
               for
               being
               an
               habitable
               World.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               the
               Primeval
               or
               Antidiluvian
               Figure
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               DR
               .
               Burnet
               ,
               
               in
               his
               Theory
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               conceits
               and
               endeavours
               to
               perswade
               the
               World
               ,
               that
               the
               Primeval
               Earth
               was
               Spherically
               or
               Mathematically
               round
               ,
               without
               Seas
               ,
               Mountains
               or
               any
               inequalities
               upon
               its
               Surface
               .
            
             
               Which
               Hypothesis
               (
               or
               rather
               ingenious
               Conceit
               )
               seems
               in
               the
               first
               place
               to
               be
               inconsistent
               with
               the
               Original
               State
               of
               this
               Materi●l
               Globe
               ;
               which
               being
               design'd
               for
               a
               plac●
               of
               Habition
               for
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Animals
               of
               ●
               mixt
               and
               compounded
               Constitution
               ,
               whose
               vital
               ●lame
               is
               nourish'd
               and
               maintain'd
               by
               a
               continual
               respiration
               of
               a
               soft
               and
               vaporous
               Air
               ;
               which
               must
               not
               only
               be
               frequently
               fann'd
               with
               the
               brisk
               gales
               and
               blasts
               of
               a
               cleansing
               Wind
               ,
               but
               also
               moistned
               and
               sweetned
               with
               showers
               frequently
               falling
               through
               it
               :
               All
               which
               have
               their
               Original
               cause
               from
               the
               constant
               flux
               and
               reflux
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               
               
               and
               those
               inequalities
               upon
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               :
               Without
               which
               there
               would
               neither
               have
               been
               an
               Atmosphere
               ,
               Wind
               ,
               Rain
               ,
               or
               Air
               ;
               but
               the
               Superficies
               of
               the
               Earth
               would
               have
               been
               [
               by
               the
               Sun's
               Beams
               continually
               beating
               upon
               it
               ]
               Baked
               and
               Incrusted
               into
               the
               hardness
               of
               Brick
               and
               Tyle
               .
            
             
               This
               Hypothesis
               seems
               also
               inconsistent
               with
               the
               different
               Natures
               of
               those
               Animals
               with
               which
               the
               Almighty
               Creator
               has
               been
               pleas'd
               to
               stock
               it
               ;
               some
               of
               which
               being
               only
               produc'd
               in
               a
               Warm
               and
               Fertile
               Soil
               ,
               others
               only
               in
               a
               Cold
               and
               Sterile
               :
               So
               some
               Animals
               delight
               only
               to
               breath
               a
               warm
               and
               soft
               Air
               ,
               others
               a
               more
               bleak
               and
               piercing
               :
               Thus
               Strawberries
               and
               Gilliflowers
               will
               not
               thrive
               upon
               the
               tops
               of
               cold
               and
               barren
               Mountains
               ;
               nor
               Mountain
               Vegetables
               in
               the
               most
               fertile
               Soil
               ,
               or
               best
               prepar'd
               warm
               Beds
               .
               This
               will
               be
               made
               more
               clear
               and
               evident
               when
               we
               shall
               give
               account
               of
               the
               natural
               uses
               of
               the
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               those
               inequalities
               and
               irregularities
               of
               the
               Earth's
               Surface
               .
            
             
               Once
               more
               to
               suppose
               the
               Earth
               to
               have
               been
               of
               an
               even
               and
               Spherical
               Supersicies
               
               seems
               inconsistent
               with
               the
               different
               Kinds
               and
               Natures
               of
               that
               Matter
               of
               which
               it
               consists
               ;
               some
               of
               which
               being
               hard
               ,
               others
               soft
               ,
               some
               fix'd
               others
               ●luid
               ,
               it
               cann't
               be
               imagin'd
               that
               all
               this
               variety
               of
               Matter
               would
               settle
               in
               a
               Figure
               Spherically
               and
               Mathematically
               round
               .
            
             
               From
               these
               Arguments
               we
               may
               without
               being
               guilty
               of
               any
               great
               presumption
               ,
               conclude
               against
               Dr.
               
               Burnet's
               Hypothesis
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               Antediluvian
               Earth
               consisted
               of
               the
               same
               Matter
               with
               this
               present
               Earth
               ,
               and
               produc'd
               the
               same
               Species
               of
               Animals
               ,
               of
               the
               same
               natures
               and
               qualities
               ,
               it
               was
               of
               the
               same
               Figure
               that
               now
               we
               find
               it
               in
               ,
               a
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               of
               a
               Physical
               Rotundity
               ,
               with
               Seas
               ,
               Mountains
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               And
               th●t
               these
               irregularities
               and
               Inequalities
               of
               this
               Terrestrial
               Globe
               did
               not
               Date
               their
               Original
               from
               that
               Disruption
               which
               was
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Deluge
               as
               Dr.
               Woodward
               positively
               asserts
               ,
               
               Part
               2d
               page
               80.
               is
               evid●nt
               from
               part
               6.
               
               Page
               246.
               where
               he
               undertakes
               to
               prove
               that
               the
               Face
               of
               the
               Earth
               before
               the
               Deluge
               was
               not
               smooth
               ,
               even
               and
               uniform
               ;
               but
               unequal
               ,
               and
               distinguish'd
               with
               Mountains
               ,
               
               Valleys
               ;
               as
               also
               with
               Seas
               ,
               Lakes
               and
               Rivers
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               Of
               the
               constituent
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               :
               And
               first
               of
               the
               Volatile
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               or
               the
               Central
               Fire
               ;
               its
               natural
               Uses
               .
            
             
               THE
               Constituent
               parts
               of
               this
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               are
               reducible
               to
               three
               different
               Classes
               of
               Matter
               ,
               (
               viz.
               )
               Volatile
               ,
               Fix'd
               and
               Fluid
               ;
               and
               these
               bear
               equal
               proportion
               one
               to
               another
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Structure
               of
               the
               Earth
               do
               occupy
               the
               same
               proportion
               of
               place
               .
            
             
               The
               Volatile
               Matter
               ,
               consisting
               of
               sublimated
               Sulphur
               ,
               Nitre
               and
               Bitumen
               keeps
               possession
               of
               the
               Central
               part
               ;
               and
               as
               all
               Matter
               of
               the
               same
               kind
               and
               affinity
               ,
               which
               having
               an
               appetite
               to
               Union
               ,
               naturally
               affects
               a
               round
               and
               globular
               Figure
               ,
               so
               the
               Central
               Fire
               may
               be
               suppos'd
               to
               be
               of
               the
               same
               Form.
               
            
             
             
               That
               Figure
               wherein
               the
               Excentral
               Fire
               appears
               ,
               is
               only
               accidental
               ,
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               compressures
               of
               the
               circumambient
               Air.
               
            
             
               That
               vast
               subterranean
               Vault
               wherein
               this
               volatile
               Globe
               of
               Central
               Fire
               is
               contain'd
               [
               which
               the
               Miners
               call
               th●
               Belly
               of
               the
               Earth
               ]
               may
               be
               suppos'd
               to
               be
               either
               of
               a
               round
               or
               circular
               ;
               or
               of
               an
               aequilateral
               ,
               multangular
               Figure
               ;
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               solid
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               spreading
               and
               vaulting
               themselves
               about
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               natural
               Uses
               of
               this
               Central
               Fire
               seem
               to
               be
               Analogous
               to
               that
               vital
               Flame
               which
               is
               seated
               in
               the
               He●rt
               or
               Center
               of
               all
               Animals
               ;
               
               for
               as
               that
               by
               its
               Vital
               heat
               ●nlivens
               the
               whole
               Body
               ;
               so
               this
               Central
               ●ire
               by
               that
               Vital
               warmth
               it
               disseminates
               through
               the
               whole
               mass
               of
               Matter
               ,
               enlivens
               it
               ▪
               and
               gives
               as
               well
               to
               the
               several
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Minerals
               and
               other
               subterranean
               Earths
               ,
               their
               degrees
               of
               Consolidation
               ;
               as
               to
               the
               several
               kinds
               of
               Ores
               ,
               their
               different
               degrees
               of
               Purity
               and
               Perfection
               .
            
             
               As
               the
               Vital
               Flame
               does
               not
               only
               cause
               the
               Ebullition
               and
               Pulsisick
               Faculty
               in
               the
               Exterior
               pa●ts
               of
               the
               Body
               ;
               
               but
               
               also
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               whole
               Mass
               of
               Blood
               through
               all
               the
               greater
               and
               lesser
               Veins
               of
               it
               ;
               so
               the
               Central
               Fire
               is
               as
               well
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Ebullition
               of
               Springs
               ,
               Thermae
               and
               Mineral
               Feeders
               which
               break
               out
               upon
               the
               tops
               of
               Mountains
               and
               the
               exterior
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               as
               of
               the
               constant
               Circulation
               of
               the
               whole
               Mass
               of
               Subterranean
               Water
               through
               those
               Dykes
               ,
               Rakes
               and
               Fissures
               ,
               which
               from
               the
               Mountains
               do
               divide
               and
               spread
               themselves
               through
               the
               whole
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               are
               the
               greater
               and
               lesser
               Veins
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               
               Again
               ,
               as
               the
               Vital
               Flame
               gives
               the
               tincture
               and
               colour
               to
               the
               Blood
               ,
               Flesh
               and
               all
               the
               Heterogeneous
               parts
               of
               the
               Body
               ;
               so
               the
               Central
               Fire
               ,
               by
               the
               different
               degrees
               of
               concoction
               and
               boyling
               up
               of
               Matter
               ,
               gave
               to
               the
               several
               kinds
               of
               it
               their
               different
               Tinctures
               and
               Colours
               ;
               this
               might
               be
               illustrated
               by
               several
               Analogous
               Experiments
               and
               Observations
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               boiling
               of
               Quinc●s
               and
               other
               Fruits
               ;
               so
               likewise
               in
               B●king
               of
               Bread
               ▪
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               The
               Central
               Fire
               ,
               by
               running
               a
               perpetual
               Round
               within
               the
               Boundaries
               of
               its
               own
               Infernal
               Vault
               ,
               carries
               the
               Shell
               of
               the
               Earth
               about
               with
               
               it
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               its
               Diurnal
               Motion
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               It
               is
               the
               Earth's
               Aequilibrium
               that
               keeps
               it
               fix'd
               upon
               its
               Center
               .
               
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
               Of
               the
               fixt
               part
               of
               the
               Earth
               :
               And
               first
               of
               the
               Inequalities
               of
               its
               Surface
               ;
               their
               Natural
               Causes
               and
               Uses
               .
            
             
               THE
               fixt
               part
               of
               this
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               which
               we
               call
               the
               Earth
               ,
               may
               be
               describ'd
               either
               as
               to
               its
               Exterior
               parts
               ,
               or
               Interior
               consistences
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               Exterior
               parts
               consist
               of
               Mountains
               ,
               Heaths
               ,
               Dales
               ,
               Plains
               ,
               Valleys
               ,
               with
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea.
               
            
             
               The
               Interior
               consistences
               of
               it
               are
               the
               Strata
               or
               Beds
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Mines
               ,
               Minerals
               and
               Subterranean
               Earths
               ,
               all
               lying
               upon
               Flats
               with
               a
               Dibb
               and
               Rise
               .
            
             
               Or
               they
               are
               Dikes
               ,
               Rakes
               ,
               Riders
               ,
               Veins
               and
               Strings
               either
               cross-cutting
               
               and
               dividing
               the
               several
               kinds
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Mines
               ,
               Minerals
               ,
               &c.
               of
               a
               different
               kind
               ;
               or
               cross-cutting
               and
               dividing
               those
               of
               the
               same
               Species
               ▪
               as
               all
               Metallick
               Rakes
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Inequalities
                 of
                 the
                 Earths
                 Surface
                 .
              
               
                 
                 THese
                 Irregularities
                 and
                 Inequalities
                 upon
                 the
                 Superficies
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 are
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 Elevations
                 and
                 Depressions
                 of
                 the
                 solid
                 Strata
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 cau'd
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 greater
                 Dikes
                 ,
                 which
                 divide
                 one
                 Species
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 &c.
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 kind
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 greater
                 Dikes
                 make
                 Channels
                 and
                 Water-courses
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 which
                 following
                 their
                 windings
                 and
                 turnings
                 till
                 they
                 empty
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 cause
                 all
                 those
                 pleasant
                 Dales
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Mountains
                 wear
                 out
                 ,
                 dilate
                 themselves
                 into
                 spacious
                 Plains
                 and
                 Valleys
                 ,
              
               
                 
                 The
                 lesser
                 Dikes
                 and
                 Joynts
                 which
                 divide
                 the
                 Stones
                 ,
                 &c.
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 ,
                 by
                 throwing
                 them
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 
                 cause
                 all
                 those
                 lesser
                 Hills
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 as
                 well
                 delight
                 the
                 Eye
                 with
                 a
                 grateful
                 variety
                 of
                 Objects
                 ,
                 as
                 refrigerate
                 and
                 cherish
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 with
                 a
                 more
                 cool
                 ,
                 clear
                 and
                 wholsome
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 not
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 this
                 Natural
                 World
                 ,
                 that
                 contributes
                 more
                 towards
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 it
                 Habitable
                 ,
                 then
                 these
                 inaequalities
                 upon
                 its
                 Surface
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 ,
                 
                 First
                 they
                 occasion
                 all
                 these
                 different
                 Kinds
                 and
                 Natures
                 of
                 Soil
                 ,
                 which
                 produce
                 the
                 several
                 Species
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 suitable
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Natures
                 of
                 those
                 Animals
                 that
                 feed
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 The
                 Earth's
                 Surface
                 being
                 God's
                 Storehouse
                 ,
                 wherein
                 is
                 provided
                 Food
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 every
                 Animal
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 living
                 Creature
                 by
                 a
                 Natural
                 Instinct
                 knows
                 its
                 proper
                 Food
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 and
                 where
                 to
                 find
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 occasion
                 all
                 those
                 different
                 qualities
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 as
                 Warm
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 
                 Thick
                 ,
                 Thin
                 ,
                 Moist
                 and
                 Dry
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 God
                 has
                 provided
                 Food
                 suitable
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Natures
                 to
                 feed
                 on
                 ,
                 so
                 He
                 has
                 provided
                 Air
                 suitable
                 to
                 their
                 Natures
                 to
                 Breath
                 in
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 Those
                 Inequalities
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 occasion
                 all
                 those
                 Springs
                 ,
                 Mineral
                 Feeders
                 and
                 Medicinal
                 Waters
                 ,
                 which
                 break
                 out
                 in
                 Rapid
                 Streams
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Skirts
                 of
                 lesser
                 Hills
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 as
                 God
                 has
                 provided
                 convenient
                 Food
                 for
                 every
                 Animal
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 agreeable
                 Air
                 to
                 breath
                 in
                 ;
                 He
                 has
                 likewise
                 [
                 by
                 causing
                 of
                 Springs
                 to
                 break
                 forth
                 and
                 bubble
                 up
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 almost
                 of
                 every
                 Hill
                 ]
                 provided
                 convenient
                 Water
                 for
                 every
                 Animal
                 to
                 quench
                 its
                 Thirst
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 Whereas
                 if
                 the
                 Earth
                 had
                 been
                 of
                 an
                 Even
                 and
                 Spherical
                 Supersicies
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 with
                 one
                 solid
                 Strata
                 ,
                 or
                 incrusted
                 Cover
                 of
                 Earth
                 ;
                 I
                 doubt
                 we
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 forc'd
                 to
                 have
                 Digg'd
                 as
                 deep
                 as
                 Dr.
                 Burnet
                 and
                 Dr.
                 
                 Woodward's
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 before
                 we
                 sho●'d
                 have
                 met
                 with
                 Water
                 sufficient
                 to
                 have
                 quench'd
                 our
                 Thirst
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 s
                 also
                 doubtful
                 that
                 when
                 we
                 had
                 found
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 wou'd
                 not
                 have
                 been
                 Sweet
                 and
                 Wholsome
                 .
              
               
                 
                 These
                 Inequalities
                 also
                 cause
                 the
                 s●veral
                 Strata
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 Mines
                 and
                 O●es
                 ,
                 &c.
                 [
                 having
                 a
                 Natural
                 Rise
                 ]
                 to
                 br●ak
                 ●o●th
                 at
                 Day
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Inge●●ou●●●d
                 Industrious
                 Miner
                 may
                 meet
                 
                 with
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 Stone
                 for
                 Building
                 of
                 Houses
                 ,
                 Coals
                 for
                 his
                 Fires
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 several
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Ore
                 to
                 enrich
                 his
                 Coffers
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Inequalities
                 also
                 produce
                 all
                 those
                 Pleasant
                 and
                 most
                 Profitable
                 Copises
                 and
                 Thickets
                 of
                 all
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 delight
                 most
                 to
                 grow
                 where
                 the
                 solid
                 Beds
                 of
                 Stone
                 are
                 weak
                 and
                 broken
                 and
                 lye
                 near
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 may
                 easily
                 thrust
                 their
                 Roots
                 into
                 their
                 broken
                 Joints
                 and
                 suck
                 in
                 the
                 Mineral
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
               Of
               Mountains
               ,
               their
               Original
               Cause
               ,
               Consistences
               and
               Natural
               Uses
               ;
               being
               the
               first
               Dry
               Land
               that
               appear'd
               .
            
             
               THE
               Mountains
               are
               the
               Ebullition
               o●
               Matter
               ,
               
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Central
               Fire
               when
               it
               was
               in
               its
               ●ull
               Strength
               and
               Vigour
               .
            
             
             
             
             
             
             
               
               They
               consist
               of
               such
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Raggs
               ,
               Chivers
               ,
               Cills
               ,
               &c.
               as
               are
               of
               a
               Hot
               quality
               ;
               and
               these
               are
               like
               so
               many
               Hot-beds
               wherein
               the
               several
               kinds
               of
               Ore
               receiv'd
               their
               Conceptions
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               their
               different
               degrees
               of
               Concoction
               and
               Perfection
               ;
               as
               hereafter
               will
               be
               more
               fully
               shewn
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Mountains
               consisting
               of
               such
               Matter
               as
               is
               of
               a
               Hot
               quality
               ,
               and
               being
               bound
               with
               strong
               Cills
               ,
               which
               having
               a
               quicker
               Rise
               than
               those
               upon
               the
               Plains
               ,
               do
               lift
               up
               their
               Heads
               above
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               and
               became
               not
               only
               the
               great
               Pillars
               and
               Supporters
               of
               the
               whole
               Fabrick
               ;
               but
               the
               first
               Sea-Banks
               that
               broke
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               were
               the
               first
               dry
               Land
               that
               appear'd
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               reaching
               a●
               high
               as
               the
               cold
               Regions
               of
               the
               Air
               ;
               and
               having
               but
               the
               advantage
               of
               a
               single
               R●flection
               of
               the
               Sun
               's
               Globuli
               ,
               have
               always
               a
               Cold
               and
               Condensing
               Air
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               striking
               a
               Level
               with
               the
               Gibbosity
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               do
               by
               the
               Sympathy
               between
               Cold
               and
               Cold
               attr●ct
               the
               Vapours
               to
               them
               ,
               which
               either
               fall
               down
               in
               Showers
               of
               Rain
               ,
               being
               Condens'd
               by
               the
               rising
               of
               the
               Ground
               
               Cold
               ;
               or
               are
               rarifi'd
               into
               Wind
               by
               the
               falling
               of
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               ,
               which
               term
               will
               be
               hereafter
               explain'd
               when
               we
               describe
               the
               Nature
               of
               Winds
               .
            
             
               All
               the
               greatest
               Dikes
               and
               Divis●ons
               of
               the
               Earth
               [
               as
               I
               have
               already
               observ'd
               ]
               do
               contract
               themselves
               and
               meet
               in
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               
               as
               the
               Veins
               do
               in
               the
               Necks
               of
               Animals
               ;
               and
               these
               being
               the
               greater
               Veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               by
               dividing
               into
               lesser
               Veins
               and
               Branches
               ,
               maintain
               and
               preserve
               a
               constan●
               Communication
               or
               Circulation
               of
               Water
               through
               the
               whole
               Body
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               is
               the
               only
               Reason
               why
               the
               Heads
               of
               all
               the
               greatest
               Rivers
               in
               the
               World
               have
               their
               Rise
               from
               the
               Tops
               or
               Sides
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               ;
               which
               by
               following
               of
               the
               Windings
               and
               Turnings
               of
               these
               greater
               Dikes
               or
               Veins
               ,
               and
               by
               receiving
               into
               them
               the
               lesser
               Dike-Feeders
               ,
               are
               increas'd
               from
               small
               Rivulets
               into
               large
               and
               Navigable
               Rivers
               ,
               which
               at
               the
               last
               empty
               themselves
               into
               the
               Main
               Ocean
               .
            
             
               The
               Declivity
               of
               the
               Mountains
               gives
               Rapidity
               of
               Motion
               to
               the
               Rivers
               ,
               
               which
               does
               not
               only
               preserve
               their
               Sweetness
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               Men
               and
               Beasts
               ;
               but
               
               also
               by
               pressing
               upon
               the
               Sea
               from
               all
               sides
               ,
               swells
               her
               up
               into
               a
               Gibbosity
               ,
               and
               is
               the
               only
               cause
               of
               her
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               ,
               which
               the
               following
               Chapters
               will
               give
               account
               of
               .
            
             
               
               As
               the
               Declivity
               of
               the
               Mountains
               gives
               Rapidity
               of
               Motion
               to
               the
               Rivers
               ;
               so
               it
               gives
               Motion
               to
               the
               Winds
               and
               Air
               :
               For
               as
               the
               Condensation
               of
               Vapours
               causeth
               an
               Inundation
               in
               the
               Waters
               ;
               so
               the
               Rarefaction
               of
               the
               Vapours
               and
               Exhalations
               causeth
               an
               Inundation
               and
               Overflowing
               in
               the
               Air
               :
               And
               those
               Lateral
               blasts
               of
               Wind
               that
               come
               so
               strong
               upon
               us
               ,
               are
               only
               Waves
               of
               the
               Air
               ;
               and
               the
               roaring
               Noise
               we
               oftentimes
               hear
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               is
               only
               the
               breaking
               forth
               of
               the
               Winds
               upon
               the
               still
               Body
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               there
               putting
               of
               it
               into
               a
               rapid
               Motion
               ,
               which
               is
               increas'd
               by
               the
               Descent
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ;
               for
               Air
               and
               Water
               are
               the
               same
               in
               Specie
               ,
               differing
               only
               in
               degrees
               of
               Thinness
               and
               Fludity
               ,
            
             
               
               As
               the
               Mountains
               are
               the
               great
               Pillars
               and
               Supporters
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               their
               Foundations
               all
               meeting
               in
               the
               Center
               ,
               and
               Forming
               that
               Vast
               Subterranean
               Vault
               ,
               which
               keeps
               the
               Central
               Fire
               from
               breaking
               forth
               ;
               so
               they
               are
               the
               greatest
               
               Ornament
               of
               its
               Superficies
               ;
               giving
               not
               only
               a
               most
               pleasant
               Prospect
               over
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               ,
               but
               terminating
               the
               Visive
               Faculty
               with
               a
               grateful
               variety
               of
               Objects
               .
            
             
               The
               Mountains
               have
               their
               Natural
               Position
               either
               in
               Ridges
               or
               Clusters
               ;
               
               those
               we
               see
               in
               Clusters
               intermixt
               with
               great
               Dales
               ,
               Gills
               and
               Valleys
               ,
               were
               [
               at
               the
               first
               settling
               of
               Matter
               ]
               all
               of
               an
               even
               Superficies
               ;
               but
               their
               Joynts
               and
               divisions
               consisting
               of
               Raff
               ,
               Ragg
               ,
               Chiver
               and
               such
               confus'd
               Matter
               ,
               without
               strong
               Cills
               or
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               to
               bind
               them
               together
               ,
               were
               by
               great
               Storms
               and
               Tempests
               of
               Rain
               ,
               &c.
               but
               especially
               by
               
               Noah's
               Flood
               ,
               broken
               and
               driven
               down
               into
               the
               Valleys
               ;
               and
               from
               thence
               into
               the
               next
               adjacent
               Sea.
               
            
             
               And
               this
               is
               the
               Reason
               why
               some
               Mountains
               have
               a
               Perpendicular
               Rise
               ,
               
               why
               their
               Ribs
               and
               Sides
               lye
               Naked
               and
               Frightful
               ,
               threatning
               to
               fall
               upon
               us
               ;
               and
               these
               great
               Dikes
               and
               Joynts
               are
               either
               fill'd
               with
               Ponds
               of
               Water
               ,
               which
               afford
               great
               plenty
               of
               Fish
               ;
               or
               they
               are
               become
               pleasant
               Valleys
               Gills
               and
               Dales
               ;
               having
               a
               F●uitful
               Soil
               and
               the
               warmest
               Sun
               ,
               by
               reason
               
               of
               its
               Beams
               being
               Reflected
               from
               all
               sides
               of
               the
               Mountains
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
               Of
               Mountain
               Heaths
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THE
               Mountain
               Heaths
               lye
               upon
               the
               Skirts
               of
               Mountains
               towards
               the
               Sea
               ,
               their
               Consistences
               and
               several
               Strata
               are
               rather
               of
               a
               Pinguid
               ,
               Bitumious
               and
               Nitrous
               ,
               than
               of
               a
               Hot
               and
               Sulphureous
               Quality
               ;
               and
               they
               generally
               lead
               to
               Mines
               of
               Coals
               ,
               
               which
               are
               the
               Pneumatick
               parts
               of
               such
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               and
               Metals
               as
               are
               their
               upperCovers
               ;
               the
               principal
               and
               more
               Pneumatical
               Ingredients
               whereof
               are
               Bitumen
               ,
               Sulphur
               and
               Nitre
               ;
               Bitumen
               gives
               the
               Flame
               ▪
               Nitre
               blows
               it
               up
               ,
               and
               Sulphur
               gives
               the
               Heat
               .
            
             
               Th●ir
               cros●-cutting
               and
               dividing
               Dike●
               consist
               of
               tough
               Clay
               and
               a
               mixture
               of
               confus'd
               Matters
               ▪
               
               These
               Mountain
               Heaths
               were
               the
               second
               dry
               Land
               that
               appear'd
               ;
               for
               as
               the
               Sea
               did
               gradually
               draw
               down
               into
               its
               Channel
               ;
               its
               unruly
               Waves
               drove
               up
               these
               lesser
               
               Hills
               we
               see
               upon
               the
               Skirts
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               forc'd
               their
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               
               &c.
               to
               have
               a
               Rise
               towards
               them
               ,
               thereby
               making
               a
               Channel
               so
               Spacious
               as
               might
               contain
               so
               Vast
               a
               Body
               of
               Water
               ,
               and
               keep
               its
               Proud
               Waves
               within
               their
               proper
               Limits
               .
            
             
               Their
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               &c.
               had
               their
               degrees
               of
               Incrustation
               and
               Lapidifaction
               from
               the
               Central
               Fire
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIV
               .
               Of
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valley
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THE
               last
               dry
               Land
               that
               appear'd
               ,
               was
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               Depression
               of
               their
               Strata
               sank
               down
               into
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               ;
               the
               Consistences
               of
               these
               are
               rather
               of
               a
               Terrene
               and
               Nitrous
               ,
               than
               ●
               Pinguid
               Quality
               .
            
             
               They
               afford
               us
               the
               best
               Free-stone
               as
               White
               ,
               Grey
               ,
               Red
               and
               Yellow
               ▪
               these
               Tinctures
               and
               Colours
               they
               receiv'd
               from
               those
               different
               degrees
               of
               Concoction
               they
               had
               from
               the
               Central
               Fire
               ;
               and
               the
               degrees
               of
               Lapidifaction
               
               and
               Induration
               they
               receiv'd
               from
               the
               Anteperistical
               Cold
               ,
               and
               Petrefying
               Juices
               :
               Their
               Strata
               have
               an
               easie
               Dibb
               towards
               the
               Sea
               ,
               sometimes
               not
               a
               Yard
               at
               fifty
               ;
               for
               as
               the
               Waters
               divided
               ,
               their
               Strength
               abated
               ,
               and
               the
               Flat
               Strata
               laid
               more
               level
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XV.
               Of
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               AS
               the
               Valleys
               sink
               down
               gradually
               into
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               ;
               so
               the
               Channel
               is
               only
               a
               spacious
               Valley
               as
               far
               depress'd
               before
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               the
               Mountains
               and
               mountainous
               Heaths
               are
               advanc'd
               above
               it
               .
            
             
               Its
               Consistences
               are
               of
               a
               Terrene
               ,
               Nitrous
               ,
               Mercurial
               and
               Saline
               Quality
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               the
               Sea-sand
               will
               by
               a
               violent
               Heat
               run
               into
               a
               Glassy
               Substance
               .
               And
               why
               the
               most
               precious
               Pearls
               are
               found
               in
               that
               part
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVI
               .
               Of
               the
               fluid
               Part
               of
               this
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               ;
               and
               First
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THE
               Sea
               is
               that
               Vast
               Body
               of
               Salt
               Wa●er
               contain'd
               in
               its
               proper
               Channel
               :
               
               It
               s
               the
               Sediment
               of
               the
               whole
               Mass
               of
               Water
               ,
               and
               therefore
               is
               Thicker
               and
               Heavier
               than
               either
               the
               Subterranean
               or
               Aerial
               Waters
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               why
               it
               can
               neither
               penetrate
               the
               straight
               Pores
               of
               Solid
               Matter
               ,
               and
               so
               intermix
               with
               its
               sweet
               Feeders
               ;
               nor
               be
               elevated
               in
               Vapours
               by
               the
               Sun's
               In●luence
               and
               fall
               down
               in
               Brackish
               Showers
               ,
               
               which
               would
               be
               destructive
               as
               well
               of
               Plants
               and
               Herbs
               as
               Men
               and
               Beasts
               .
            
             
               The
               Seas
               are
               in
               a
               continual
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               :
               The
               cause
               of
               which
               is
               the
               Rapidity
               and
               Weight
               of
               the
               Rivers
               continually
               pressing
               in
               upon
               it
               from
               all
               sides
               ;
               and
               the
               Sea-waters
               being
               not
               only
               Thicker
               ,
               
               but
               of
               a
               different
               Nature
               from
               the
               Thin
               and
               Sweet
               River-water
               ,
               and
               having
               a
               Natural
               Appetite
               to
               Union
               ,
               will
               not
               easily
               suffer
               the
               
               Rivers
               to
               Incorporate
               with
               them
               ,
               
               which
               is
               the
               true
               reason
               why
               the
               Rivers
               swells
               her
               up
               on
               both
               sides
               of
               the
               Shoar
               ,
               unt●l
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               Salt-water
               over-balancing
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               Sweet-waters
               causeth
               the
               Sea
               to
               break
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               greater
               weight
               and
               strength
               of
               her
               Wa●es
               forceth
               the
               Invaders
               to
               retreat
               and
               ●all
               back
               until
               the
               Salt-water
               has
               lost
               its
               weight
               and
               Strength
               ;
               
               and
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               its
               Flux
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt-water
               having
               thus
               lost
               i●s
               weight
               and
               strength
               ,
               the
               Rivers
               redouble
               their
               Force
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               Rapidity
               of
               their
               Motion
               and
               weight
               of
               their
               Waves
               forceth
               the
               Salt-waters
               to
               a
               gradual
               and
               orderly
               Retreat
               ▪
               and
               to
               swell
               up
               into
               such
               a
               height
               of
               Gibbosity
               that
               its
               weight
               again
               over-balanceth
               the
               weight
               and
               strength
               of
               the
               Rivers
               ;
               
               and
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               its
               Reflux
               .
            
             
               Thus
               the
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               of
               the
               Sea
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               continual
               strife
               between
               the
               Fresh-water
               and
               the
               Salt
               ▪
               and
               the
               Spring-Tides
               and
               Dead-Tides
               are
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               gradual
               Increase
               and
               Decrease
               of
               the
               Reciprocation
               of
               their
               Motion
               ;
               
               as
               we
               observ'd
               in
               the
               Spring
               or
               Balance
               of
               a
               Clock
               in
               giving
               her
               back
               Stroaks
               at
               every
               Tenth
               .
            
             
             
               This
               continual
               Strife
               between
               the
               Fresh-water
               and
               the
               Salt
               causeth
               a
               conconstant
               Heat
               and
               Fermentation
               in
               the
               Sea
               ;
               
               and
               this
               Boiling
               Fermentation
               causeth
               the
               Sweet
               River-water
               to
               fly
               up
               in
               Mists
               and
               Vapours
               ,
               which
               causeth
               an
               Atmosphere
               to
               be
               round
               the
               whole
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               ;
               and
               when
               these
               Mists
               and
               Vapours
               are
               condensed
               into
               Clouds
               they
               fall
               down
               in
               Showers
               of
               sweet
               Rain
               upon
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               Thus
               tho'
               the
               Sea
               affords
               no
               Sweet-water
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               the
               only
               Medium
               which
               preserves
               and
               maintains
               a
               constant
               communication
               and
               circulation
               between
               the
               Subterranean
               and
               Aerial
               Waters
               .
            
             
               The
               Saline
               Quality
               of
               the
               Sea
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               her
               being
               boiled
               up
               into
               a
               Sediment
               by
               the
               Central
               Fire
               ;
               
               as
               well
               as
               those
               Rocks
               of
               Mineral
               Salt
               that
               abound
               in
               her
               Channel
               .
            
             
               This
               Saltish
               Quality
               of
               the
               Sea
               does
               not
               only
               preserve
               that
               vast
               Body
               of
               Water
               from
               Corrupting
               ;
               
               but
               by
               causing
               her
               Water
               to
               be
               thicker
               and
               heavier
               than
               those
               in
               the
               Fresh
               Rivers
               ,
               it
               makes
               them
               more
               able
               to
               bear
               Burthens
               of
               much
               greater
               weight
               ,
               and
               fitter
               to
               maintain
               a
               Correspondence
               and
               Communication
               
               of
               Trade
               between
               Land
               and
               Land
               ,
               tho'
               at
               the
               greatest
               distance
               .
            
             
               
               Tho'
               the
               Sea
               and
               Main
               Ocean
               seems
               to
               contain
               a
               vast
               quantity
               of
               Water
               ;
               yet
               it
               being
               compar'd
               to
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               which
               circulate
               through
               the
               Veins
               of
               that
               great
               Body
               ,
               and
               are
               contain'd
               in
               the
               Strata
               and
               Pores
               of
               dens'd
               Matter
               ;
               it
               will
               scarce
               bear
               the
               same
               proportion
               to
               them
               that
               One
               does
               to
               Seventy-two
               ;
               for
               if
               the
               Computation
               of
               those
               Learned
               Men
               be
               true
               who
               give
               Account
               that
               the
               Sea
               and
               Main
               Ocean
               cover
               but
               one
               half
               of
               the
               Globe
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               is
               but
               one
               German
               Mile
               Deep
               [
               the
               Shallows
               being
               compar'd
               to
               the
               Deeps
               ]
               then
               it
               would
               necessarily
               follow
               that
               if
               the
               Earth
               were
               Mathematically
               Round
               ,
               it
               would
               cover
               the
               whole
               Globe
               only
               half
               a
               German
               Mile
               ,
               which
               bears
               but
               Proportion
               to
               the
               Circumference
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               Half
               a
               Mile
               does
               to
               Twenty
               one
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               Miles
               .
               Again
               ,
               the
               Diameter
               of
               Twenty-one
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               Miles
               being
               Seven
               thousand
               two
               hundred
               ,
               of
               which
               if
               we
               allow
               a
               Semidiameter
               to
               the
               Center
               or
               Belly
               of
               the
               Earth
               there
               will
               remain
               Three
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               Miles
               for
               the
               Shell
               or
               
               Body
               of
               it
               ,
               to
               which
               Three
               thousand
               six
               hundred
               the
               Fluid
               part
               or
               Superterranean
               Water
               can
               bear
               no
               less
               Proportion
               than
               One
               to
               an
               Hundred
               ;
               which
               Computations
               being
               granted
               (
               and
               indeed
               they
               cannot
               ●easonably
               be
               deny'd
               )
               in
               the
               whole
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               there
               will
               be
               found
               Thirty-six
               German
               Miles
               of
               Fluid
               Matter
               ,
               which
               bears
               proportion
               to
               the
               Seventy-two
               Superterranean
               Seas
               or
               Oceans
               .
            
             
               To
               strengthen
               this
               Hypothesis
               we
               may
               further
               add
               that
               in
               sinking
               of
               Pits
               ,
               the
               deeper
               we
               sink
               ,
               we
               raise
               the
               more
               Water
               ;
               and
               that
               Stone
               or
               Mine
               of
               Coal
               which
               at
               Three
               Fathom
               Deep
               runs
               six
               Tubs
               of
               Water
               in
               one
               Hour
               ,
               containing
               Thirty
               Gallons
               a-piece
               ,
               at
               Six
               Fathom
               it
               will
               double
               the
               Number
               ;
               and
               so
               on
               till
               the
               Water
               be
               Invincible
               ;
               as
               in
               Hogsheads
               full
               of
               Water
               the
               highest
               Tap
               runs
               slowly
               ,
               because
               there
               is
               little
               weight
               of
               Water
               upon
               it
               ;
               but
               the
               middle
               or
               lowest
               Tap
               will
               run
               double
               and
               treble
               the
               Quantity
               in
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               there
               being
               double
               and
               treble
               the
               weight
               of
               Water
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               If
               we
               do
               further
               add
               that
               besides
               the
               Water
               that
               circulates
               in
               the
               Veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               there
               is
               so
               much
               
               of
               Water
               Intermix'd
               and
               Incorporated
               with
               the
               Fixt
               and
               Solid
               Matter
               ,
               that
               if
               Stone
               ,
               Metal
               ,
               or
               Coal
               [
               when
               it
               s
               Digg'd
               out
               of
               its
               Living
               Strata
               or
               Beds
               ]
               be
               immediately
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Sun
               or
               Fire
               ,
               it
               will
               in
               a
               short
               time
               want
               of
               Weight
               above
               an
               Hundredth
               part
               ,
               the
               Fluid
               part
               being
               Exhal'd
               .
            
             
               
               The
               greater
               Dikes
               or
               Veins
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               are
               Principally
               Four
               :
               The
               First
               divides
               and
               changes
               the
               Mountain-Strata
               from
               the
               Mountain-Heaths
               :
               The
               Second
               divides
               those
               several
               Strata
               of
               Stone
               ,
               &c.
               of
               which
               the
               Mountain-Heaths
               Consist
               ,
               from
               those
               of
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               :
               The
               Third
               divides
               those
               Beds
               and
               Layers
               of
               Matter
               on
               which
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               consist
               ,
               from
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               :
               The
               Fourth
               Runs
               under
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               whose
               Side-Branches
               causeth
               all
               those
               Submarine
               Quick-Sands
               which
               are
               the
               warm
               Beds
               wherein
               the
               Sea-fish
               scatter
               their
               Eggs
               for
               the
               Propagation
               of
               their
               several
               Kinds
               :
               As
               this
               ,
               so
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               greater
               Dikes
               and
               Veins
               have
               their
               Side-Branches
               filling
               all
               the
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               Minerals
               and
               Subterranean
               Earths
               with
               Water
               ;
               so
               that
               where-ever
               we
               sink
               into
               the
               Body
               of
               
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               we
               prick
               [
               with
               our
               Digging
               Instruments
               those
               Kells
               of
               Clay
               &c.
               which
               divide
               the
               several
               Strata
               ]
               we
               presently
               raise
               their
               Feeders
               .
            
             
               And
               if
               any
               [
               who
               being
               prompt'd
               either
               to
               gratifie
               his
               Natural
               Curiosity
               ,
               or
               gain
               some
               considerable
               Advantage
               to
               himself
               ]
               would
               raise
               a
               new
               River
               upon
               dry
               Ground
               ,
               
               let
               him
               go
               to
               the
               Foot
               of
               some
               Hill
               or
               Rising
               Ground
               and
               begin
               a
               Level-Drift
               ,
               which
               by
               cross-cutting
               of
               the
               several
               Strata
               of
               that
               Rising
               Earth
               ,
               he
               will
               Tap
               and
               fet
               at
               Liberty
               all
               the
               Feeders
               ;
               and
               if
               he
               drive
               on
               till
               he
               shall
               cross-cut
               with
               the
               Drift
               one
               Branch
               of
               those
               greater
               Dikes
               ,
               he
               will
               Raise
               a
               considerable
               River
               ,
               which
               may
               turn
               to
               his
               great
               Advantage
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVII
               .
               Of
               those
               Preternatural
               .
               Accidents
               that
               Disturb
               and
               Interrupt
               the
               Course
               of
               Nature
               in
               this
               Material
               World
               &c.
               
            
             
               HAving
               in
               the
               former
               Chapters
               given
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Originals
               ,
               Causes
               ,
               Consistences
               and
               Natural
               Uses
               of
               the
               several
               Parts
               of
               this
               Natural
               Globe
               ,
               as
               well
               Fix'd
               as
               Fluid
               :
               It
               will
               not
               be
               improper
               to
               subjoin
               an
               Account
               of
               such
               Preternatural
               Accidents
               as
               sometimes
               have
               disturb'd
               ,
               and
               may
               for
               the
               future
               interrupt
               the
               regular
               Course
               of
               Nature
               ;
               and
               at
               the
               last
               so
               far
               destroy
               the
               Frame
               and
               Fabrick
               of
               this
               Material
               Part
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               to
               render
               it
               uncapable
               of
               being
               an
               Habitable
               World.
               
            
             
               And
               these
               are
               Earthquakes
               ,
               Hurricanes
               ,
               Volcano's
               ,
               violent
               Eruptions
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               ,
               as
               at
               
               Noah's
               Flood
               ;
               Stagnations
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               Air
               ,
               causing
               the
               Springs
               and
               Mineral
               Feeders
               to
               sink
               down
               into
               the
               Interior
               ●arts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               Interruption
               
               of
               the
               Circulation
               of
               Vapours
               ,
               and
               Rains
               upon
               the
               Earth
               (
               as
               in
               the
               days
               of
               Elisha
               the
               Prophet
               )
               ;
               violent
               and
               Preternatural
               Thunders
               ,
               such
               as
               destroy'd
               Sodom
               and
               Gomorrah
               .
               These
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               are
               the
               Accidental
               Distempers
               that
               have
               happen'd
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               they
               seem
               Analagous
               to
               those
               Fevers
               ,
               Agues
               ,
               Convulsions
               ,
               &c.
               which
               interrupt
               the
               Healthful
               Constitutions
               of
               our
               own
               Bodies
               ,
               and
               are
               sometimes
               destructive
               of
               'em
               :
               And
               as
               all
               the
               Diseases
               and
               Distempers
               our
               Bodies
               are
               subject
               to
               ,
               have
               their
               Original
               from
               Accidental
               Heats
               or
               Colds
               ,
               which
               either
               Sublimates
               and
               Exalts
               our
               Animal
               Spirits
               into
               a
               Feverish
               degree
               of
               Volatility
               ;
               or
               by
               Cold
               and
               Aguish
               Damps
               depresseth
               them
               into
               a
               degree
               of
               Stagnation
               .
            
             
               So
               all
               those
               Accidental
               and
               Preternatural
               Disturbances
               that
               happen
               in
               the
               Course
               of
               Nature
               ,
               have
               their
               original
               Cause
               ,
               from
               the
               several
               Kinds
               and
               Natures
               of
               Damps
               ,
               which
               are
               ,
               Either
               
                 Central
                 ,
                 Subterrene
              
               ,
               or
               Aerial
               ;
               
               And
               are
               of
               Quality
               Either
               
                 Hot
                 ,
                 Cold
                 ,
                 Sweet
              
               ,
               or
               Foul.
               
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XVIII
               .
               Of
               the
               Central
               Damps
               :
               Their
               Causes
               ,
               Natures
               ,
               and
               Dreadful
               Effects
               upon
               this
               Globe
               .
            
             
               THE
               Subterranean
               Vault
               being
               filled
               with
               a
               confus'd
               Mass
               of
               undigested
               Matter
               ,
               Consisting
               of
               Sublimat'd
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               whenever
               it
               happens
               that
               there
               ariseth
               a
               War
               between
               these
               angry
               Volatiles
               ,
               and
               their
               Fluid
               Neighbours
               (
               viz.
               )
               the
               Subterranean
               Water
               and
               Air
               ,
               
               which
               Circulates
               through
               those
               greater
               Veins
               that
               environ
               this
               large
               Vault
               ;
               and
               do
               not
               only
               Feed
               and
               Nourish
               that
               Infernal
               Smother
               ,
               but
               keep
               and
               confine
               it
               within
               its
               own
               Boundaries
               ,
               that
               it
               
               break
               not
               forth
               in
               violent
               Eruptions
               upon
               the
               fixt
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
            
             
               As
               soon
               as
               this
               Intestine
               War
               commenceth
               ,
               these
               Active
               Volatiles
               of
               Sublimated
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               collect
               and
               aggregate
               into
               great
               Bodies
               .
            
             
               And
               when
               these
               discharge
               in
               the
               
               Central
               part
               of
               the
               Vault
               ,
               the
               Nitre
               which
               is
               the
               principal
               Cause
               of
               the
               grand
               Effort
               or
               Flatus
               ,
               
               dilates
               and
               expands
               its
               self
               on
               all
               sides
               ,
               upwards
               and
               downwards
               Indifferently
               :
               And
               this
               violent
               Effort
               or
               Flatus
               causeth
               an
               universal
               Concussion
               of
               the
               whole
               Globe
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Damp
               gathers
               towards
               the
               
               Circumference
               of
               the
               Vault
               ,
               and
               there
               dischargeth
               it self
               ,
               the
               grand
               Flatus
               hath
               its
               Tendency
               upwards
               ▪
               
               and
               sometimes
               causeth
               a
               Concussion
               of
               one
               half
               of
               the
               Globe
               ,
               without
               any
               Eruption
               of
               Fire
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Damp
               Fires
               upon
               some
               
               Class
               of
               the
               Superincumbent
               Strata
               ,
               it
               either
               splits
               them
               ,
               making
               Cracks
               and
               Chasms
               in
               the
               Exterior
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               for
               some
               Miles
               in
               length
               ,
               
               which
               at
               the
               instant
               of
               the
               Shock
               openeth
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Interval
               between
               the
               Shocks
               closeth
               again
               :
               [
               Of
               this
               Kind
               was
               that
               
               ●rack
               or
               Chasm
               which
               open'd
               and
               ●●allow'd
               up
               the
               Tents
               of
               
                 Korah
                 ,
                 Dathan
              
               and
               Abiram
               ;
               and
               no
               doubt
               ,
               but
               the
               Shock
               struck
               a
               Terror
               into
               the
               whole
               Camp
               ]
            
             
               Or
               if
               the
               grand
               Flatus
               be
               very
               Strong
               and
               Vehement
               ,
               it
               either
               elevates
               the
               whole
               Class
               above
               the
               Superficies
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               
               forming
               a
               new
               Mountain
               ;
               or
               else
               it
               sinks
               down
               into
               the
               Vault
               ,
               and
               the
               vacant
               place
               is
               immediately
               fill'd
               with
               Water
               [
               not
               from
               Dr.
               
               Woodward's
               Abyss
               ]
               but
               from
               the
               Veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               which
               break
               into
               it
               .
            
             
               
               When
               the
               Damp
               fires
               near
               or
               upon
               some
               of
               the
               great
               Joints
               or
               Clifts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               the
               Flatus
               pursues
               all
               the
               Windings
               and
               Turnings
               of
               these
               Joints
               and
               Clifts
               until
               it
               break
               forth
               in
               Dreadful
               Hurricanes
               ;
               either
               under
               the
               Sea
               ,
               occasioning
               most
               Horrible
               Disorders
               and
               Perturbations
               ,
               
               raising
               its
               Surface
               into
               Prodigious
               Waves
               ,
               Tossing
               and
               Rowling
               them
               about
               in
               most
               strange
               Whirlpools
               ,
               Overturning
               and
               Swallowing
               up
               Ships
               in
               an
               instant
               :
               And
               upon
               the
               dry
               Land
               Overturning
               Cities
               ,
               Towns
               ,
               Blowing
               up
               Mountains
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
             
               Tho'
               these
               Effects
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               Nitre
               when
               Rarified
               and
               Dilated
               by
               the
               Central
               Flame
               be
               very
               Dreadful
               ;
               yet
               if
               these
               Fissures
               and
               Spiracles
               through
               which
               they
               get
               a
               Vent
               and
               break
               out
               upon
               the
               Earth
               had
               been
               Perpendicular
               [
               as
               Dr.
               Woodward
               Conceits
               ]
               they
               wou'd
               have
               Destroy'd
               the
               whole
               Surface
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               For
               then
               every
               one
               of
               these
               lesser
               
               Damps
               or
               Squibs
               which
               daily
               take
               Fire
               in
               the
               Subterranean
               Vault
               ,
               wou'd
               have
               broken
               out
               upon
               us
               .
            
             
               And
               the
               greater
               Damps
               being
               Fired
               
               wou'd
               have
               Blown
               up
               not
               only
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               but
               their
               Houses
               with
               its
               Superficies
               into
               the
               Air
               ;
               for
               the
               deeper
               the
               Fissure
               or
               Spiracle
               is
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               Perpendicular
               in
               a
               streight
               Line
               ,
               the
               more
               Strength
               and
               Impetuosity
               it
               gives
               to
               the
               Flatus
               ,
               as
               we
               observe
               in
               Guns
               and
               Fuzees
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               The
               very
               Sulphurous
               Exhalations
               which
               wou'd
               have
               ascended
               through
               these
               Perpendicular
               Fissures
               without
               interruption
               ,
               wou'd
               [
               with
               their
               Noisome
               Smell
               ]
               have
               Suf●ocated
               and
               Stifled
               those
               Animals
               that
               Live
               by
               Respiration
               ,
               and
               wou'd
               have
               afforded
               Matter
               for
               continual
               Thunder
               in
               the
               Air.
               
            
             
             
               It
               was
               then
               most
               agreeable
               with
               the
               State
               of
               this
               Habitable
               Globe
               that
               these
               Fissures
               or
               Joints
               of
               the
               Earth
               shou'd
               have
               their
               Position
               from
               the
               Surface
               to
               the
               C●nter
               in
               crooked
               Lines
               with
               various
               windings
               and
               turnings
               ,
               
               openings
               and
               closings
               ;
               not
               only
               for
               securing
               us
               from
               those
               dangerous
               Effects
               of
               the
               Central
               and
               Terrene
               Damps
               ;
               but
               also
               for
               the
               better
               and
               more
               commodious
               Communication
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               through
               the
               Flat
               Strata
               of
               Matter
               .
            
             
               And
               Lastly
               ,
               That
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               by
               following
               of
               the
               windings
               and
               ●urnings
               of
               these
               greater
               Fissures
               might
               have
               a
               longer
               Journey
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               thereby
               supply
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               Earth
               with
               sweet
               Waters
               at
               a
               more
               Commodious
               and
               Convenient
               Distance
               .
            
             
               These
               Phenomena
               of
               Central
               Damps
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               are
               the
               only
               cause
               of
               all
               those
               Universal
               Earth-quakes
               that
               have
               happen'd
               in
               this
               Natural
               World
               ,
               being
               wholly
               new
               ,
               and
               the
               World
               not
               yet
               accquainted
               with
               them
               ,
               may
               at
               first
               sight
               seem
               only
               the
               Products
               of
               Fancy
               ,
               or
               meer
               Conjecture
               ;
               yet
               if
               Seriously
               and
               Impartially
               enquir'd
               into
               ,
               will
               be
               
               fou●d
               Grounded
               upon
               such
               Reason
               ,
               as
               cannot
               without
               a
               prejudic'd
               Opinion
               be
               easily
               deny'd
               .
            
             
               For
               it
               cannot
               be
               imagin'd
               by
               any
               who
               have
               made
               it
               their
               business
               to
               understand
               the
               Structure
               of
               the
               Earth
               ▪
               those
               ●everal
               Classes
               of
               Solid
               and
               Dense
               Matter
               on
               which
               it
               consists
               ,
               the
               windings
               and
               turnings
               of
               those
               Dikes
               and
               Partitions
               which
               divide
               them
               and
               are
               the
               Subterranean
               Water
               Courses
               ,
               that
               there
               shou'd
               be
               Magazines
               of
               Subterranean
               Gunpowder
               lodg'd
               in
               Infernal
               Cavities
               round
               the
               whole
               Globe
               ,
               and
               that
               there
               shou'd
               be
               Trains
               laid
               from
               one
               Collection
               to
               another
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               these
               Trains
               shou'd
               take
               Fire
               through
               all
               the
               Subterranean
               Rivers
               in
               one
               instant
               of
               Time.
               Neither
               can
               it
               reasonably
               be
               suppos'd
               that
               there
               shou'd
               be
               a
               Concussion
               of
               the
               whole
               or
               half
               ,
               or
               any
               considerable
               part
               of
               the
               Globe
               ,
               by
               one
               Subterranean
               Flatus
               ;
               but
               what
               is
               from
               the
               Central
               Vault
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               The
               Consistences
               of
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Earth
               being
               rather
               of
               a
               Gold
               ,
               Terrene
               and
               Mercurial
               ,
               than
               of
               a
               Bituminous
               Nitrous
               and
               Sulphureous
               Quality
               ,
               it
               cannot
               be
               suppos'd
               that
               those
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               which
               afford
               
               no
               quantities
               of
               this
               Natural
               Gunpowder
               shou'd
               suffer
               a
               Concussion
               or
               Earthquake
               ,
               but
               from
               these
               Central
               Damps
               .
            
             
               Besides
               those
               Miners
               who
               have
               sunk
               deepest
               into
               these
               Occult
               Regions
               ,
               do
               from
               their
               own
               Experience
               assure
               us
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               no
               Grotto's
               or
               Cavities
               above
               an
               Hundred
               Fathoms
               deep
               ,
               unless
               in
               those
               Mountainous
               Countries
               where
               the
               Consistences
               are
               of
               a
               Sulphurous
               and
               Nitrous
               Quality
               ,
               affording
               plenty
               of
               Natural
               Gun-powder
               ,
               which
               being
               Fir'd
               cause
               all
               those
               
               Vulcano's
               we
               Read
               of
               in
               History
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIX
               .
               Of
               Terrene
               Damps
               ,
               and
               their
               Dreadful
               Effects
               upon
               this
               Globe
               &c.
               
            
             
               TErrene
               Damps
               have
               their
               Original
               either
               from
               Heat
               or
               Cold
               ,
               and
               are
               either
               Fiery
               or
               Waterish
               :
               Those
               which
               have
               their
               Original
               from
               Fire
               ,
               are
               of
               the
               same
               Nature
               with
               those
               Central
               Damps
               we
               have
               given
               Account
               of
               .
            
             
               As
               all
               Local
               Earth-quakes
               do
               more
               frequently
               happen
               in
               the
               Mountainous
               Countries
               ,
               than
               in
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               ;
               because
               all
               the
               greater
               Dikes
               ,
               Joints
               and
               Veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               contract
               and
               meet
               there
               :
               And
               the
               Flatus
               which
               is
               the
               occasion
               of
               the
               Shock
               makes
               its
               way
               by
               what
               passage
               soever
               it
               can
               get
               Vent
               .
            
             
               But
               these
               Mountainous
               Cou●tries
               especially
               ,
               which
               yield
               great
               store
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               ,
               and
               chiefly
               Nitre
               [
               these
               Minerals
               affording
               the
               greatest
               plenty
               of
               Natural
               Gun-powder
               ]
               are
               most
               injur'd
               by
               those
               dreadful
               Shocks
               ,
               because
               those
               Mountains
               whose
               Natural
               
               Consistences
               are
               of
               so
               Hot
               and
               Fiery
               a
               Quality
               are
               commonly
               very
               Cavernous
               ;
               and
               their
               greater
               Joints
               and
               Fissures
               ,
               
               as
               well
               as
               strong
               Strata
               having
               by
               frequent
               Concussions
               and
               Earthquakes
               lost
               their
               Natural
               Feeders
               ,
               are
               become
               the
               most
               proper
               Receptacles
               for
               those
               Fiery
               Stores
               to
               be
               lodg'd
               in
               until
               either
               the
               Central
               Fire
               ,
               or
               their
               own
               Natural
               Heat
               being
               contracted
               into
               a
               Point
               ,
               Discharge
               first
               the
               lowest
               Damp
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               by
               Trains
               like
               so
               many
               Subalterns
               discharge
               in
               Course
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               for
               several
               Months
               together
               ,
               till
               the
               Subterranean
               Gun-powder
               be
               all
               spent
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               Burning
               Mountains
               such
               as
               
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 Vesuvius
                 ,
                 Hecla
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               are
               only
               so
               many
               Spiracles
               or
               
               Vulcano's
               serving
               for
               the
               discharge
               of
               these
               Subterranean
               Damps
               ,
               
               which
               disgorgeth
               Flames
               of
               Fire
               ,
               and
               Stones
               of
               great
               Weight
               and
               Substance
               ,
               Showers
               of
               Sand
               and
               Rivers
               of
               melted
               Minerals
               ;
               and
               yet
               these
               Mountains
               by
               those
               Vulcano's
               lose
               nothing
               of
               their
               Height
               or
               Mag●itude
               ,
               all
               these
               Eruptions
               being
               Recruited
               out
               of
               the
               great
               Magazine
               of
               Natural
               Gun-powder
               contain'd
               in
               the
               Infernal
               Vault
               .
            
             
             
               Besides
               these
               Damps
               of
               a
               Fiery
               Natore
               contain'd
               in
               the
               Interior
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               there
               are
               others
               which
               sometimes
               happens
               in
               the
               Exterior
               parts
               of
               it
               ;
               such
               as
               those
               Fiery
               Damps
               in
               Colleries
               are
               only
               the
               Perspirations
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Nitre
               out
               of
               the
               Cole
               ,
               
               Wall
               or
               Mine
               ,
               Collected
               into
               a
               Body
               ;
               and
               these
               either
               take
               Fire
               at
               a
               Candle
               ,
               or
               like
               so
               many
               dry
               Exhalations
               receiv'd
               into
               the
               Body
               of
               a
               Cloud
               ,
               
               and
               discharge
               like
               Thunder
               shakes
               the
               Earth
               about
               the
               Collery
               ,
               kills
               the
               Miners
               ,
               and
               have
               other
               Dreadful
               ●ffects
               .
            
             
               To
               these
               we
               may
               add
               those
               Preter-natural
               Ebullitions
               and
               Eruptions
               of
               Subterranean
               Waters
               ,
               which
               Moses
               calls
               the
               
                 Breaking
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Fountains
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Deep
                 :
              
               
               And
               these
               whenever
               they
               happen
               upon
               the
               Earth
               [
               as
               at
               
               Noah's
               Flood
               ]
               are
               occasion'd
               by
               an
               Universal
               Fermentation
               and
               Dilation
               of
               the
               Central
               Fire
               ,
               which
               gaining
               ground
               upon
               their
               Fluid
               Neighbours
               ,
               force
               them
               into
               a
               most
               Rapid
               Motion
               through
               all
               the
               Subterranean
               Veins
               ,
               and
               consequently
               causeth
               those
               v●olent
               Eruptions
               of
               Water
               in
               all
               the
               Springs
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               Joints
               and
               Fissures
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
             
               Sometimes
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               stagnates
               and
               sinks
               down
               into
               the
               Interior
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               
               the
               Springs
               and
               Rivers
               dry
               up
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               days
               of
               Elisha
               :
               and
               this
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               stifling
               and
               damping
               of
               the
               Central
               Heat
               ,
               the
               Circumambient
               Waters
               prevailing
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               Sometimes
               the
               Circumbient
               Air
               which
               Circulates
               in
               the
               Exterior
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               especially
               the
               Caverns
               ,
               Joints
               and
               Concavities
               of
               Rocky
               Stones
               and
               other
               Metals
               [
               and
               is
               the
               only
               cause
               of
               the
               Eruption
               and
               Motion
               of
               Springs
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               &c.
               ]
               Damps
               and
               Stagnates
               ,
               which
               forceth
               the
               Springs
               and
               Eruptions
               of
               Waters
               to
               stand
               back
               ,
               and
               fill
               those
               Caverns
               and
               Joints
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               flow
               until
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               Waters
               break
               the
               Damp
               ,
               or
               rather
               Damm
               of
               Stagnated
               Air
               ;
               and
               then
               follows
               Eruptions
               and
               Overflowings
               of
               Springs
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               This
               kind
               of
               Damps
               I
               have
               met
               with
               sometimes
               in
               Colleries
               ,
               
               where
               the
               Water
               made
               way
               for
               it self
               in
               such
               Joints
               and
               open
               Closers
               ,
               as
               it
               met
               with
               in
               the
               under
               Cills
               ;
               especially
               Lime-stone
               ,
               which
               is
               of
               all
               Stone
               the
               most
               Jointy
               and
               Open.
               
            
             
             
               And
               when
               the
               Air
               in
               these
               open
               Joints
               and
               Cavities
               was
               dampt
               ,
               the
               Waters
               stood
               back
               in
               the
               Working
               ,
               and
               forc'd
               the
               Mines
               out
               of
               the
               Pit
               ,
               until
               the
               weight
               broke
               the
               Damp
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Waters
               Drain'd
            
             
               This
               Damp
               most
               frequently
               happens
               in
               the
               Summer
               Months
               ,
               
               when
               the
               Ambient
               Air
               is
               Thick
               with
               Hot
               and
               Piery
               Exhalations
               ,
               and
               the
               Effluvia
               of
               sweet
               Blossoms
               ,
               especially
               of
               Peas
               and
               Beans
               .
               And
               this
               the
               Miners
               call
               the
               sweet
               Damp.
               
            
             
               This
               Stagnation
               and
               Damping
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               Air
               is
               [
               in
               all
               probability
               ]
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Annual
               Over-flowing
               of
               the
               River
               Nilus
               ,
               the
               Horary
               Overflowing
               of
               the
               Spring
               at
               Gigleswick
               in
               York-shire
               ,
               the
               Drumming
               in
               the
               Well
               at
               Bautry
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               And
               these
               being
               by
               Men
               of
               Learning
               reckon'd
               among
               the
               
                 Magnalia
                 Naturae
              
               ,
               we
               shall
               enquire
               more
               particularly
               into
               the
               Causes
               of
               them
               :
               And
               first
               of
               the
               Over-flowing
               of
               Nilus
               .
            
             
               Nilus
               is
               one
               of
               the
               Noblest
               Rivers
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               
               and
               is
               famous
               not
               only
               for
               the
               long
               Course
               it
               takes
               through
               Ethiopia
               and
               Egypt
               ,
               which
               is
               suppos'd
               to
               be
               Three
               thousand
               Miles
               before
               it
               empty's
               it self
               into
               the
               Miditerranean
               
               Sea
               ;
               but
               also
               for
               its
               Over
               ●lowing
               and
               Fertilizing
               that
               Low
               and
               Level
               Country
               ,
               supplying
               in
               it
               the
               want
               of
               Rain
               .
            
             
               'T
               is
               believ'd
               by
               Men
               of
               great
               Learning
               that
               this
               Yearly
               Over-flowing
               of
               that
               Country
               is
               oc●●s●on'd
               by
               the
               great
               quantities
               of
               Snow
               dissolv'd
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               takes
               its
               Rise
               ;
               and
               these
               [
               as
               Geographers
               give
               Account
               ]
               are
               that
               vast
               Ridge
               of
               Mountains
               ,
               which
               for
               their
               Height
               bear
               the
               Name
               of
               
                 Montes
                 Lunae
              
               ,
               as
               i●
               their
               lofty
               Tops
               wash'd
               their
               Head●
               in
               the
               Moon
               's
               Waterish
               Vortex
               .
            
             
               Others
               are
               of
               Opinion
               that
               the
               Yearly
               Over-flowing
               of
               that
               River
               is
               caus'd
               by
               those
               great
               Rains
               which
               fall
               every
               Spring
               in
               the
               higher
               Ethiopia
               :
               But
               if
               either
               the
               Dissolution
               of
               Snow
               ,
               or
               Inundations
               caus'd
               by
               the
               falling
               of
               those
               Spring-Rains
               ,
               were
               the
               true
               Reason
               ,
               &c.
               they
               wou'd
               also
               cause
               the
               othe●
               Rivers
               in
               those
               Countries
               to
               Overflow
               their
               Banks
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ;
               which
               is
               so
               far
               from
               being
               Observable
               ,
               that
               when
               Nilus
               Over-flows
               ,
               the
               othe●
               Rivers
               are
               at
               a
               very
               low
               Ebb.
               
            
             
               The
               Cause
               then
               of
               this
               Yearly
               Overflowing
               of
               Nilus
               ,
               which
               begins
               about
               the
               17th
               of
               Iune
               and
               continues
               until
               
               the
               6th
               of
               October
               ,
               seems
               to
               be
               a
               Subterranean
               Damp
               ,
               which
               Yearly
               Stagnates
               the
               Circulation
               of
               Air
               in
               these
               vast
               Rocks
               and
               open
               Strata
               ,
               from
               whence
               those
               Rapid
               Springs
               and
               Feeders
               slow
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               Heads
               of
               that
               Famous
               River
               .
            
             
               The
               Subterranean
               Air
               being
               Dampt
               ,
               the
               Springs
               and
               Mineral
               Fe●ders
               are
               forc'd
               to
               stand
               back
               and
               fill
               all
               those
               vast
               Concavities
               and
               Hollows
               for
               several
               Miles
               upon
               ●he
               Side-rise
               ,
               and
               some
               Miles
               upon
               the
               Top-rise
               of
               those
               Rocks
               and
               Metals
               ;
               until
               the
               weight
               of
               so
               vast
               a
               quantity
               of
               Water
               [
               which
               may
               be
               compar'd
               to
               a
               l●sser
               Sea
               ]
               breaks
               the
               Damp
               or
               Damm
               of
               Stagnated
               Air
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               River
               begins
               to
               Over-flow
               ,
               an●
               continues
               until
               the
               Waters
               be
               spent
               ,
               and
               the
               Damp
               gathers
               again
               .
            
             
               It
               s
               observ'd
               that
               when
               the
               River
               Nilus
               begins
               to
               Over-Flow
               its
               Banks
               ,
               that
               great
               Plagues
               break
               out
               in
               Cairo
               ,
               which
               seems
               to
               be
               occasion'd
               by
               those
               gross
               Vapours
               and
               Mineral
               Exhalations
               that
               arise
               from
               so
               vast
               a
               quantity
               of
               Stagnated
               Water
               ,
               which
               [
               whilst
               by
               its
               Motion
               ,
               its
               Purging
               of
               it self
               and
               recovering
               of
               its
               Sweetness
               ]
               fly
               about
               ,
               corrupt
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               cause
               Infections
               .
            
             
             
               
               This
               Subterranean
               Damp
               is
               likewise
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Horary
               Over-●lowing
               of
               the
               Spring
               at
               Gigleswick
               in
               Yorkshire
               ;
               for
               this
               Spring
               b●ing
               the
               feeder
               of
               a
               Lime-stone
               Rock
               near
               Thirty
               Yards
               Perpendicular
               in
               Height
               ,
               which
               breaks
               out
               at
               the
               Foot
               of
               it
               ;
               so
               oft●n
               as
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               Air
               in
               the
               Rock
               is
               dampt
               ,
               the
               Spring
               runs
               very
               slowly
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               Water
               has
               broken
               the
               Damp
               ,
               it
               Over-flows
               ,
               and
               this
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               is
               once
               in
               every
               Hour
               .
            
             
               I
               observ'd
               my self
               ,
               that
               before
               the
               Waters
               began
               to
               Flow
               there
               was
               a
               knocking
               in
               the
               Rock
               ,
               and
               this
               was
               caused
               by
               the
               pressing
               of
               the
               Water
               upon
               the
               Damp
               before
               it
               broke
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               that
               Drumming
               in
               the
               Well
               at
               Bautry
               ,
               
               which
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               Town
               told
               me
               never
               happ●n'd
               but
               against
               the
               change
               of
               Government
               :
               This
               Well
               is
               observ'd
               to
               be
               ●or
               the
               most
               part
               Dry
               ,
               which
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               feeders
               standing
               back
               ;
               the
               drumming
               noise
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Waters
               pressing
               upon
               the
               Damp
               ,
               and
               the
               Hollows
               of
               the
               Well
               ;
               for
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Damp
               is
               broken
               ,
               the
               Well
               fills
               wi●h
               Water
               and
               the
               Drumming
               is
               over
               .
            
             
             
               This
               occasions
               the
               Report
               of
               Under-ground
               Spirits
               ,
               which
               Miners
               call
               Mineral
               Spirits
               ;
               and
               they
               observe
               that
               these
               Spirits
               give
               notice
               by
               Knocking
               or
               Groaning
               before
               the
               Mineral
               Vein
               be
               discover'd
               :
               
               I
               have
               observ'd
               my self
               that
               in
               a
               new
               Collerie
               ,
               when
               the
               Workmen
               were
               near
               the
               Coal
               (
               and
               only
               the
               Kell
               which
               kept
               the
               feeder
               of
               it
               unbrok●n
               ]
               there
               wou'd
               have
               been
               a
               sort
               of
               Knocking
               ,
               Sighing
               or
               Groaning
               ,
               heard
               in
               the
               Vein
               ,
               which
               was
               only
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               Water
               lying
               in
               the
               Coal
               ,
               and
               pressing
               forward
               for
               more
               room
               and
               liberty
               ;
               for
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Coal
               was
               prick'd
               ,
               the
               Water
               rose
               in
               the
               Pit
               ,
               the
               Knocking
               was
               over
               and
               the
               Mineral
               Spirit
               Conjur'd
               .
            
             
               Of
               this
               kind
               also
               is
               that
               Damp
               which
               the
               Miners
               sometimes
               meet
               with
               in
               their
               sinking
               of
               deep
               Pits
               and
               new
               Works
               ;
               
               where
               a
               Cloud
               of
               Breath
               or
               Sweat
               perspiring
               from
               the
               Bodies
               of
               the
               Workmen
               ,
               will
               sti●le
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               not
               suffer
               the
               Candles
               to
               Burn.
               This
               Damp
               will
               steal
               〈◊〉
               Breath
               insensibly
               from
               the
               Workm●●
               and
               sti●le
               '
               em
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               yet
               another
               kind
               of
               Damp
               the
               Miners
               complain
               of
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               
               foul
               or
               stinking
               Damp
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               caused
               by
               the
               breaking
               out
               of
               corrupted
               Air
               from
               old
               crusted
               Works
               .
               This
               ,
               if
               not
               prevented
               ,
               will
               Kill
               and
               Stifle
               the
               Workmen
               .
            
             
               The
               Aerial
               Damps
               will
               be
               treated
               upon
               in
               Meteorologie
               .
            
             
               Having
               given
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Causes
               ,
               Natures
               and
               Effects
               of
               Damps
               ,
               and
               such
               Preter-natural
               Accidents
               as
               have
               and
               may
               disturb
               and
               interrupt
               the
               regular
               Course
               of
               Nature
               ;
               we
               cannot
               but
               make
               an
               Enquiry
               into
               the
               Causes
               of
               
               Noah's
               Flood
               ,
               the
               Season
               of
               the
               Year
               when
               it
               happen'd
               ,
               and
               the
               Alterations
               and
               Devastations
               it
               made
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XX.
               Of
               
               Noah's
               Flood
               ,
               its
               Causes
               ,
               the
               Season
               of
               the
               Year
               when
               it
               happen'd
               ,
               the
               Effects
               and
               Alterations
               it
               made
               upon
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               If
               these
               two
               Learn'd
               Men
               (
               viz.
               Dr.
               Burnet
               and
               Dr.
               Woodward
               had
               understood
               better
               the
               Structure
               of
               the
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               ,
               the
               Natural
               Consistences
               of
               it
               ,
               the
               Causes
               ,
               Natures
               and
               Effects
               of
               Damps
               ,
               and
               that
               those
               Subterranean
               Waters
               which
               Circulate
               through
               the
               Veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               bears
               proportion
               to
               Seventy
               two
               Oceans
               ,
               they
               wo●'d
               have
               discover'd
               such
               a
               quantity
               of
               Water
               as
               wou'd
               have
               caus'd
               an
               Universal
               Deluge
               without
               the
               Conceit
               of
               a
               Central
               or
               Subterranean
               Abyss
               .
            
             
               Which
               Hypothesis
               [
               tho'
               manag'd
               with
               the
               greatest
               Artisice
               of
               Invention
               and
               Oratory
               ]
               when
               seriously
               enquir'd
               into
               ,
               will
               be
               found
               to
               have
               very
               little
               of
               Truth
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               it
               ;
               for
               it
               seems
               not
               only
               inconsistent
               with
               the
               Original
               Settlement
               of
               Matter
               ,
               as
               we
               
               have
               observ'd
               already
               ;
               but
               also
               with
               Dr.
               
               Woodward's
               Hypothesis
               concerning
               the
               re-settling
               of
               the
               fluid
               Matter
               dissolv'd
               by
               the
               Deluge
               which
               he
               positively
               asserts
               to
               have
               been
               according
               to
               the
               Rules
               of
               Specifick
               Gravity
               ;
               the
               heaviest
               subsiding
               the
               lowest
               .
            
             
               
               This
               Hypothesis
               if
               taken
               for
               granted
               ,
               we
               must
               necess●rily
               conclude
               from
               it
               ,
               that
               all
               those
               kinds
               of
               ponderous
               Ore
               ,
               and
               heaviest
               Rocks
               of
               Iron
               ,
               Stone
               ,
               Marble
               ,
               &c.
               would
               have
               sunk
               down
               into
               the
               Central
               Vault
               and
               fill'd
               it
               up
               .
            
             
               
               That
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Fix'd
               Matter
               being
               by
               some
               degree
               lighter
               would
               have
               spread
               their
               Solid
               Strata
               uppermost
               :
               
               And
               that
               the
               Fluid
               Waters
               being
               by
               several
               degrees
               lighter
               than
               the
               Fix'd
               Matter
               ,
               would
               have
               cover'd
               the
               whole
               Terre●e
               Globe
               ,
               and
               consequently
               wou'd
               have
               caus'd
               an
               Universal
               and
               perpetual
               Deluge
               upon
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               But
               suppose
               it
               possible
               to
               improve
               the
               strength
               of
               Imagination
               to
               such
               a
               height
               ,
               as
               to
               fancy
               that
               there
               was
               Originally
               ,
               and
               is
               still
               ,
               a
               vast
               Abyss
               of
               Hot
               Water
               contain'd
               in
               the
               Center
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               it
               cannot
               be
               so
               easily
               apprehended
               by
               what
               Power
               or
               Means
               this
               vast
               substance
               of
               Water
               shou'd
               be
               
               put
               into
               so
               high
               a
               degree
               of
               Fert●entation
               and
               Commotion
               ,
               as
               to
               cause
               an
               Universal
               Disruption
               and
               Dissolution
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               Dr.
               Woodward
               conceits
               ;
               for
               although
               that
               Fire
               placed
               under
               a
               Pot
               sill'd
               with
               Water
               ,
               will
               by
               emitting
               of
               its
               fiery
               Globuli
               ,
               and
               mingling
               them
               with
               the
               Water
               ,
               cause
               so
               violent
               an
               Ebullition
               and
               Commotion
               in
               it
               ,
               as
               to
               raise
               the
               Cover
               and
               overturn
               it
               ;
               yet
               it
               cannot
               be
               suppos'd
               that
               either
               that
               uniform
               and
               constant
               Fire
               or
               Heat
               ,
               disseminated
               through
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               or
               the
               external
               Heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               's
               warm
               Influence
               can
               produce
               any
               such
               Effects
               ;
               because
               Fire
               and
               Nitre
               do
               Naturally
               exert
               their
               power
               upwards
               and
               side-way
               ,
               but
               never
               downward
               ,
               but
               when
               it
               is
               so
               pent
               up
               that
               it
               can
               get
               no
               other
               Vent
               :
               And
               when
               even
               Gun-powder
               is
               forc'd
               to
               make
               its
               Effort
               upon
               the
               Waters
               ,
               the
               strength
               of
               its
               Flatus
               does
               little
               Execution
               ,
               being
               presently
               sti●l'd
               .
               We
               shall
               therefore
               suspend
               further
               Enquiry
               about
               this
               matter
               ,
               until
               Dr.
               
               Woodward's
               larger
               Volume
               be
               made
               publick
               ,
               and
               endeavour
               to
               find
               out
               some
               other
               Causes
               by
               which
               that
               Universal
               Deluge
               which
               happen'd
               in
               
               Noah's
               time
               might
               be
               effected
               in
               an
               other
               way
               ,
               and
               
               grounded
               upon
               fair
               probabilities
               of
               Reason
               and
               Certainty
               .
            
             
               
               First
               then
               ,
               no
               doubt
               but
               God
               Almighty
               was
               the
               Principal
               Cause
               ,
               the
               Sins
               of
               Mankind
               the
               provoking
               Cause
               ,
               and
               the
               Subterranean
               Superterranean
               and
               Nubiferous
               Waters
               were
               the
               immediate
               Instruments
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               But
               how
               all
               these
               divided
               Waters
               shou'd
               be
               re-united
               and
               gather'd
               into
               such
               a
               Body
               as
               was
               sufficient
               to
               cover
               all
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               Fifteen
               Cubits
               high
               ,
               as
               Moses
               gives
               Account
               ,
               is
               the
               only
               matter
               of
               difficulty
               to
               be
               ●ncounter'd
               .
            
             
               In
               Order
               to
               which
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               Entertain
               you
               with
               a
               long
               Story
               of
               the
               Opinions
               of
               Learn'd
               Men
               about
               it
               ,
               not
               undertake
               to
               shew
               you
               upon
               what
               improbable
               Grounds
               and
               inconsistences
               the
               Theorist
               and
               Dr.
               Woodward
               have
               establish'd
               their
               Hypothesis
               of
               it
               ;
               but
               having
               discover'd
               a
               Vast
               and
               Por●entous
               Body
               of
               Water
               Circulating
               in
               the
               Veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               bearing
               Proportion
               [
               as
               I
               have
               observ'd
               ]
               to
               Seventy-two
               Oceans
               ,
               and
               several
               Oceans
               of
               Water
               more
               floating
               in
               the
               Clouds
               and
               rarisied
               into
               thin
               Air
               [
               tha●
               it
               might
               be
               a
               sit
               Medium
               for
               Respiration
               ,
               &c.
               ]
               my
               Adventure
               ,
               
               shall
               be
               ●irst
               to
               shew
               how
               ,
               and
               
               by
               what
               Cause
               ,
               the
               Subterranean
               VVater
               was
               rais'd
               above
               Ground
               ,
               and
               the
               thin
               Air
               was
               condens'd
               into
               VVater
               ;
               how
               both
               join'd
               with
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               caus'd
               the
               Deluge
               .
            
             
               And
               then
               Secondly
               ,
               I
               shall
               give
               Account
               
               how
               the
               Waters
               again
               divided
               ;
               how
               all
               things
               return'd
               to
               their
               Natural
               Course
               ;
               and
               by
               what
               Gradations
               the
               dry
               Land
               appear'd
               :
               And
               more
               than
               this
               is
               not
               necessary
               to
               make
               and
               establish
               a
               clear
               Hypothesis
               of
               the
               Universal
               Deluge
               .
            
             
               First
               then
               ,
               we
               may
               conclude
               ,
               from
               
               Arguments
               of
               the
               greatest
               probability
               imaginable
               ,
               that
               the
               collection
               and
               reuniting
               of
               such
               a
               quantity
               of
               Water
               as
               was
               sufficient
               to
               Drown
               the
               World
               ,
               was
               caus'd
               by
               an
               Universal
               Damp
               that
               happen'd
               at
               that
               time
               in
               the
               whole
               Course
               of
               Nature
               .
            
             
               For
               ,
               First
               ,
               all
               the
               Central
               Fire
               by
               a
               Preternatural
               Fermentation
               and
               Dilation
               of
               those
               angry
               Volatiles
               on
               which
               it
               consists
               ,
               gain'd
               ground
               upon
               its
               Fluid
               Neighbours
               ,
               those
               Subterranean
               Waters
               which
               circulate
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               forcing
               them
               into
               a
               most
               rapid
               Ebullition
               and
               Commotion
               ,
               caus'd
               most
               
               violent
               Eruptions
               in
               all
               the
               Veins
               ,
               Joints
               ,
               Fissures
               and
               Hyatus's
               as
               well
               under
               the
               Channel
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               as
               in
               all
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth's
               Surface
               .
            
             
               
               These
               violent
               Eruptions
               of
               the
               Submarine
               and
               Subterranean
               Waters
               ,
               which
               Moses
               calls
               the
               
                 breaking
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Fountains
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Deep
                 ,
              
               swell'd
               up
               the
               Sea
               into
               such
               a
               height
               of
               Gibbosity
               that
               it
               forc'd
               the
               Rivers
               to
               stand
               back
               ,
               and
               rise
               as
               high
               as
               their
               Fountain
               Heads
               ,
               which
               covering
               all
               the
               dry
               Land
               ,
               excepting
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               ;
               the
               Aerial
               Damp
               caus'd
               by
               the
               Moon
               's
               waterish
               Vertex
               pressing
               down
               the
               Vortex
               or
               Atmosphere
               of
               this
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               ,
               
               did
               not
               only
               interrupt
               the
               Communication
               of
               the
               Subterranean
               and
               Aerial
               Waters
               ,
               by
               causing
               the
               raising
               and
               circulation
               of
               Vapours
               to
               cease
               ;
               but
               also
               by
               condensing
               the
               moist
               Air
               into
               waterish
               Clouds
               ,
               which
               falling
               down
               in
               continual
               Spouts
               for
               Forty
               Days
               and
               Nights
               together
               [
               the
               Air
               being
               without
               Motion
               ,
               
               consequently
               neither
               able
               to
               break
               nor
               support
               them
               ]
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               were
               cover'd
               Fifteen
               Cubits
               ,
               as
               Moses
               gives
               Account
               ,
               Gen.
               7.15
               .
               and
               these
               portentous
               Rains
               which
               fell
               in
               
               Spouts
               ,
               Moses
               expresseth
               by
               the
               
                 opening
                 of
                 the
                 Windows
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
              
               Gen.
               7.11
               .
            
             
               Thus
               the
               divided
               Waters
               being
               reuni●●d
               as
               they
               were
               in
               the
               Creation
               ,
               and
               the
               circulation
               of
               Vapours
               broken
               by
               the
               stagnation
               and
               damping
               of
               the
               Aerial
               Regions
               ,
               the
               whole
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               was
               cover'd
               ,
               until
               God
               caus'd
               a
               Wind
               to
               pass
               over
               the
               Earth
               ,
               
               which
               breaking
               the
               Aerial
               Damp
               ,
               the
               Rain
               ceased
               ▪
               the
               Subterranean
               Waters
               sunk
               down
               into
               their
               Veins
               ▪
               recover'd
               the
               Ground
               which
               the
               Central
               Fire
               had
               gain'd
               from
               them
               :
               The
               Rivers
               forc'd
               the
               Sea
               to
               retreat
               back
               to
               her
               own
               Channel
               ,
               and
               returning
               to
               her
               regular
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               ,
               the
               Vapours
               arose
               and
               repair'd
               the
               Air
               again
               wi●h
               Clouds
               and
               Moisture
               ,
               and
               all
               things
               return'd
               to
               their
               Natural
               Course
               .
               I●
               cannot
               be
               imagin'd
               how
               the
               Heart
               of
               Noah
               and
               his
               Family
               was
               reviv'd
               when
               the
               Sun
               began
               to
               shew
               its
               Face
               again
               ,
               and
               the
               Rain-Bow
               appear'd
               in
               a
               broken
               Cloud
               .
            
             
               For
               Noah
               being
               undoubtedly
               as
               well
               a
               Natural
               Philosopher
               as
               a
               Priest
               in
               his
               Family
               ,
               
               the
               appearance
               of
               a
               Rain-Bow
               [
               which
               after
               a
               long
               Storm
               is
               an
               infallible
               sign
               of
               Fair-weather
               ]
               cou'd
               not
               
               but
               encourage
               him
               with
               hopes
               that
               the
               Damp
               was
               broken
               and
               the
               Storm
               over
               .
            
             
               God
               therefore
               made
               a
               Covenant
               with
               Noah
               and
               his
               Posterity
               that
               there
               shou'd
               never
               be
               an
               Universal
               Deluge
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               Gen.
               9.23
               .
               and
               to
               establish
               this
               Covenant
               with●him
               ,
               he
               made
               the
               Rain-Bow
               [
               being
               a
               Waterish
               Meteor
               ,
               and
               after
               a
               Storm
               a
               sign
               of
               Fair-weather
               ]
               a
               most
               proper
               and
               significant
               Sign
               and
               Seal
               of
               that
               Covenant
               [
               viz.
               ]
               a
               Sign
               commemorative
               of
               the
               past
               Deluge
               ,
               and
               a
               Seal
               confirmative
               that
               there
               shou'd
               never
               be
               any
               more
               Flood
               to
               destroy
               the
               Earth
               .
               And
               no
               more
               than
               this
               seems
               to
               be
               meant
               by
               the
               appearance
               of
               the
               Rain-Bow
               in
               the
               Cloud
               ▪
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXI
               .
               Of
               the
               Season
               of
               the
               Year
               when
               the
               Deluge
               happen'd
               .
            
             
               DR
               .
               Woodward
               declares
               his
               Opinion
               ,
               
               that
               the
               Deluge
               com●enc'd
               in
               the
               Spring
               Season
               in
               the
               Month
               we
               call
               May
               ;
               but
               upon
               what
               Reason
               he
               grounds
               this
               Conceit
               I
               cannot
               easily
               apprehend
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Fruits
               of
               the
               Earth
               being
               then
               but
               Growing
               ;
               and
               the
               former
               Autu●n
               Seeds
               being
               destroy'd
               by
               the
               by
               past
               Winter
               ,
               Nature
               wou'd
               have
               been
               forc'd
               to
               a
               Spontaneous
               Production
               of
               the
               several
               kinds
               of
               Vegetables
               as
               had
               lost
               their
               Seeds
               .
               And
               whe●
               the
               several
               Species
               of
               Animals
               which
               were
               preserv'd
               from
               the
               Flood
               ,
               had
               liberty
               to
               go
               abroad
               and
               seek
               Food
               ,
               they
               wou'd
               not
               easily
               have
               found
               it
               in
               November
               and
               December
               ,
               which
               Months
               according
               to
               his
               Hypothesis
               were
               the
               Season
               when
               the
               Waters
               ab●ted
               ,
               and
               the
               Beasts
               orde●'d
               to
               leave
               the
               Ark
               ,
               and
               seek
               their
               own
               Food
               where
               ●hey
               cou'd
               find
               it
               .
            
             
             
               
               It
               seems
               then
               most
               probable
               that
               the
               Universal
               Deluge
               commenc'd
               in
               that
               Month
               we
               call
               August
               ,
               when
               the
               Seeds
               of
               all
               Vegetables
               were
               full
               Ripe
               ,
               and
               ready
               to
               Sow
               themselves
               in
               the
               Fertile
               Soil
               ,
               that
               when
               the
               Deluge
               was
               over
               ,
               and
               the
               dry
               Land
               had
               for
               some
               time
               appear'd
               ,
               and
               had
               receiv'd
               Heat
               and
               Incrustation
               from
               the
               warm
               Influence
               of
               an
               approaching
               Sun
               :
               These
               Seeds
               being
               mingl'd
               with
               a
               warm
               and
               waterish
               Soil
               ,
               might
               be
               ready
               to
               Spring
               up
               and
               supply
               the
               Animals
               with
               pleasant
               Food
               .
            
             
               We
               likewise
               observe
               that
               when
               the
               Dove
               was
               sent
               forth
               out
               of
               the
               Ark
               the
               Second
               time
               ,
               she
               brought
               with
               her
               a
               Leaf
               pluck'd
               from
               an
               Olive-Tree
               :
               When
               she
               was
               sent
               forth
               a
               Third
               time
               ,
               she
               return'd
               no
               more
               ,
               having
               found
               Food
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               cou'd
               be
               no
               other
               than
               Corn
               floating
               upon
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               waterish
               Earth
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               Moses
               gives
               us
               an
               Account
               that
               in
               the
               First
               Month
               ,
               which
               probably
               answers
               our
               Ianuary
               ,
               the
               Waters
               were
               dry'd
               up
               from
               the
               Face
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               and
               upon
               the
               27th
               Day
               of
               the
               Second
               Month
               ,
               which
               seems
               to
               be
               our
               February
               or
               March
               ,
               God
               order'd
               all
               
               the
               Beasts
               in
               the
               Ark
               ,
               to
               be
               tur●'d
               out
               to
               Grass
               ,
               and
               shift
               for
               themselves
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               we
               find
               daily
               not
               only
               great
               Trees
               of
               several
               Kinds
               [
               as
               Oak
               ,
               Birch
               ,
               &c.
               ]
               rooted
               up
               by
               the
               Roots
               ,
               and
               lying
               upon
               Heaps
               Bury'd
               and
               Entomb'd
               in
               great
               Mosses
               wher●
               they
               never
               had
               grown
               ;
               but
               had
               been
               brought
               thi●her
               by
               that
               general
               D●vastation
               made
               by
               the
               Deluge
               :
               But
               Hazel-Nuts
               ▪
               whose
               Kernels
               are
               as
               fresh
               ●s
               if
               they
               had
               now
               been
               growing
               upon
               the
               Trees
               .
               These
               Nuts
               having
               been
               scatter'd
               there
               by
               the
               Deluge
               ,
               and
               having
               layn
               there
               bury'd
               and
               ●mbalm'd
               in
               those
               Bituminous
               Mosses
               to
               this
               Day
               ;
               and
               in
               all
               probability
               might
               have
               been
               continu'd
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Earth
               .
               From
               these
               Observations
               ,
               we
               may
               reasonably
               infer
               ,
               that
               the
               Flood
               commenc'd
               when
               the
               Seeds
               of
               all
               Vegetables
               were
               Ripe
               for
               the
               propagation
               of
               their
               Kinds
               .
            
             
               We
               may
               yet
               farther
               add
               ,
               that
               all
               Damps
               as
               well
               Subterranean
               as
               Aerial
               ▪
               most
               frequently
               happen
               in
               the
               Autumn
               Season
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XXII
               .
               Of
               the
               Alterations
               which
               
               Noah's
               Flood
               made
               in
               ,
               and
               upon
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               I
               cannot
               agree
               with
               Dr.
               
               Woodward's
               Hypothesis
               ,
               wherein
               he
               asserts
               that
               during
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Deluge
               ,
               whilst
               the
               Water
               was
               out
               upon
               ,
               and
               cover'd
               the
               Terrestrial
               Globe
               ,
               all
               the
               Stone
               and
               Marble
               with
               the
               Metals
               and
               Mineral
               Concretions
               ,
               &c.
               of
               the
               Antediluvian
               Earth
               ,
               were
               totally
               Dissolv'd
               ;
               and
               their
               constituent
               Corpuscles
               all
               disjoin'd
               ,
               their
               cohaesion
               perfectly
               ceasing
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               This
               Hypothesis
               seem
               inconsistent
               with
               Sense
               and
               Experience
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Na●ural
               Reason
               and
               Scripture
               [
               especially
               the
               Mosaick
               Account
               of
               the
               Deluge
               .
               ]
               For
               First
               ,
            
             
               
               Experience
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               no
               such
               Dissolving
               power
               or
               quality
               ei●her
               in
               the
               Subterranean
               or
               Aerial
               Waters
               as
               to
               effect
               such
               a
               Dissolution
               as
               he
               describes
               ,
               and
               these
               were
               the
               
               immediate
               Instruments
               of
               the
               Deluge
               .
            
             
               It
               cannot
               reasonably
               be
               suppos'd
               
               [
               without
               a
               Miracle
               ]
               that
               all
               the
               Solid
               consistences
               of
               the
               Earth
               shou'd
               be
               dissolv'd
               into
               a
               Fluid
               substance
               ;
               and
               again
               resettle
               and
               receive
               their
               several
               degrees
               of
               consolida●ion
               in
               so
               short
               a
               time
               as
               the
               Flood
               continued
               upon
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Earth
               suffer'd
               by
               the
               Deluge
               
               a
               Total
               and
               Universal
               Dissolution
               ,
               then
               all
               those
               form'd
               Stones
               and
               Shells
               which
               the
               Dr.
               conceives
               to
               be
               Marine
               Bodies
               born
               forth
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               by
               the
               Universal
               Deluge
               ,
               and
               left
               behind
               at
               Land
               when
               the
               Waters
               return'd
               ,
               wou'd
               have
               lost
               their
               Forms
               and
               Shapes
               ,
               these
               being
               not
               only
               found
               upon
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               but
               in
               the
               Interior
               parts
               of
               it
               ,
               incorporated
               with
               several
               solid
               Strata
               of
               Stone
               ,
               as
               well
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               as
               Plains
               .
            
             
               If
               not
               only
               the
               solid
               Fossils
               ;
               but
               
               also
               Sand
               ,
               Earth
               ,
               Animate
               Bodies
               ,
               parts
               of
               Animals
               ,
               Bones
               and
               Teeth
               ,
               Shells
               ,
               Vegetables
               and
               parts
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               
               made
               one
               common
               and
               confus'd
               Mass
               ,
               dissolv'd
               into
               a
               Fluid
               substance
               :
               Then
               the
               whole
               Species
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               Root
               and
               Branch
               ,
               Stock
               and
               Seed
               ,
               wou'd
               have
               been
               lost
               ,
               and
               Nature
               forc'd
               to
               a
               S●ontaneous
               Production
               ,
               as
               at
               the
               Creation
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Re-settling
               of
               the
               confus'd
               fluid
               Ma●s
               ac●ording
               to
               the
               R●l●s
               of
               Spe●ifick
               Gravity
               ,
               the
               ●e●viest
               subsiding
               lowest
               ,
               is
               a
               grand
               mistake
               in
               Observation
               ▪
               and
               by
               the
               same
               Rule
               ,
               the
               Earth
               wou'd
               have
               been
               cov●r'd
               with
               a
               Perpe●ual
               as
               well
               as
               Universal
               Deluge
               ,
               as
               w●
               have
               already
               obs●rv'd
               .
            
             
               
               As
               this
               Hypothesis
               is
               inconsistent
               with
               Sense
               ,
               Reason
               and
               Experience
               ,
               so
               is
               it
               with
               the
               Account
               Moses
               gives
               of
               the
               Universal
               Deluge
               ;
               for
               he
               tells
               us
               that
               there
               were
               Mountains
               during
               the
               prevalency
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Flood
               cover'd
               the
               Tops
               of
               them
               Fifteen
               Cubi●s
               .
               He
               tells
               us
               likewise
               ,
               that
               the
               first
               dry
               Land
               that
               appear'd
               ,
               was
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Ark
               rested
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Ararat
               .
               If
               this
               Account
               be
               t●ue
               ,
               as
               undoubtedly
               it
               is
               ,
               the
               alterations
               
               which
               the
               Deluge
               made
               were
               only
               in
               the
               Surface
               and
               Exterior
               parts
               of
               the
               Ear●h
               :
               And
               those
               places
               of
               Scripture
               which
               speak
               of
               destroying
               the
               Earth
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               understood
               ,
               only
               the
               outward
               Coat
               or
               Superficies
               ,
               and
               no●
               the
               Mineral
               part
               of
               it
               .
               And
               neither
               was
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               altogethe●
               destroy'd
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               the
               Dove
               's
               b●inging
               of
               an
               Olive
               Leaf
               in
               her
               Mouth
               pluck'd
               off
               ;
               and
               by
               all
               Living
               Creatures
               in
               the
               Ark
               ,
               being
               turn'd
               to
               Grass
               and
               to
               shi●t
               for
               themselves
               in
               the
               Seventh
               Month
               after
               the
               Deluge
               commenc'd
               ,
               which
               might
               be
               in
               the
               beginni●●
               of
               our
               March.
               
            
             
               The
               Alterations
               ,
               which
               the
               Deluge
               made
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               being
               only
               in
               the
               Exterior
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               I
               shall
               take
               notice
               of
               such
               as
               are
               most
               Remarkable
               and
               Obvious
               .
               As
               First
               ,
            
             
               The
               uppermost
               Strata
               upon
               the
               Tops
               
               of
               Mountains
               ▪
               were
               broken
               up
               and
               tumbl'd
               down
               to
               the
               Skirts
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               these
               we
               ●ind
               lying
               upon
               their
               Inland
               sides
               in
               great
               confusion
               ,
               
               with
               false
               and
               counter
               Dibs
               and
               Rises
               ,
               like
               those
               Flags
               and
               Boards
               of
               Ice
               ,
               thrown
               out
               of
               the
               Water
               upon
               the
               breach
               of
               a
               Storm
               .
            
             
             
               
               The
               Joints
               of
               the
               Mountains
               consisting
               of
               Rag
               Raff
               and
               Chiver
               ,
               and
               not
               being
               bound
               together
               with
               strong
               Cills
               of
               Stone
               ,
               were
               broken
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               observ'd
               already
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Courses
               and
               Channels
               of
               Rivers
               were
               enlarg'd
               ,
               which
               caus'd
               all
               these
               pleasant
               Gills
               and
               Dales
               with
               their
               Rapid
               River
               running
               through
               the
               midst
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               
               The
               whirling
               about
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               caus'd
               all
               those
               Hills
               or
               lesser
               Mountains
               ,
               whose
               consistences
               are
               only
               Sand
               ,
               Gravel
               ,
               or
               broken
               Strata
               of
               Stone
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               The
               Deluge
               rooted
               up
               all
               the
               greater
               Trees
               ,
               some
               of
               which
               we
               find
               bury'd
               and
               emb●lm'd
               in
               great
               Mosses
               ,
               as
               well
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               as
               in
               the
               Valleys
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Surface
               of
               the
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               was
               fertiliz'd
               by
               the
               Deluge
               ,
               by
               it●
               leaving
               a
               prolifick
               Slime
               and
               faeculent
               Mud
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               
               These
               Alterations
               were
               not
               caus'd
               by
               the
               rising
               ,
               but
               the
               decreasing
               Waters
               ;
               
               for
               whilst
               the
               Waters
               were
               arising
               ,
               
               the
               Aerial
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Subterranean
               Damp
               continu'd
               ,
               and
               the
               Subluniary
               Course
               of
               Nature
               was
               Stagnated
               ;
               but
               as
               soon
               as
               God
               caus'd
               a
               Wind
               to
               pass
               over
               the
               Earth
               ,
               the
               Damp
               broke
               ,
               and
               the
               Waters
               were
               put
               into
               a
               Most
               violent
               Perturbation
               and
               Commotion
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               only
               cause
               of
               all
               those
               Alterations
               and
               Devastations
               .
            
          
           
             The
             End
             of
             the
             First
             part
             .
          
        
         
           
           
           
             A
             Scheme
             wherein
             the
             several
             degrees
             &
             Concatenations
             of
             Life
             are
             explained
          
           
             
               Animalia
               Intermedia
            
             
               Zoophi●a
            
             
               Insects
            
             
               Apes
            
             
               Idiots
            
             
               Heroes
            
             
               Genii
               boni
            
             
               A
               Angels
            
             
               God
            
          
           
             
               
                 
                   The
                   Centre
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Mineral
                   Sphere
                
                 
                   The
                   Vegetative
                   Sphere
                   of
                   Life
                
                 
                   The
                   Sensitive
                   Sphere
                   of
                   Life
                
                 
                   The
                   Rational
                   Sphere
                   of
                   Life
                
                 
                   The
                   Intellectual
                   Sphere
                   of
                   Life
                
                 
                   The
                   Divine
                   Essence
                   or
                   Fountain
                   of
                   Life
                
              
            
          
           
             As
             the
             highest
             degree
             of
             Vegetation
             in
             the
             Zooph●●a
             makes
             a
             near
             Approach
             to
             the
             lowest
             degree
             o●
             S●nsation
             in
             the
             Insects
             .
             So
             The
             highest
             degree
             of
             Sensation
             in
             Apes
             &c.
             makes
             a
             near
             Approach
             to
             the
             lowest
             degree
             of
             Rationalit●
             in
             Idiots
             &c.
             
          
           
             As
             the
             Highest
             degree
             of
             Rationality
             in
             the
             
               Heros
               ▪
            
             and
             Speritualizd
             Rationals
             makes
             a
             near
             Approach
             to
             the
             
               Boni
               Genii
            
             or
             lowest
             order
             of
             Angels
             :
             So
             the
             highest
             degree
             of
             Intellectuallity
             in
             the
             Angelick
             Nature
             makes
             a
             near
             Approach
             to
             the
             
               Divine
               Essence
            
             .
          
           
           
           
        
         
           
           
           
             PART
             II.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               the
               Plastick
               Spirit
               in
               Matter
               ,
               and
               its
               natural
               Products
               .
            
             
               THE
               Plastick
               and
               Vivifick
               .
               Powers
               being
               the
               first
               Principles
               of
               Life
               in
               this
               Natural
               World
               ,
               which
               forms
               the
               first
               Lines
               ,
               and
               kindles
               the
               first
               Sparks
               of
               the
               vital
               Flame
               :
            
             
               It
               will
               be
               necessary
               in
               order
               to
               our
               present
               Design
               ,
               [
               which
               is
               to
               give
               a
               short
               Account
               of
               the
               Originals
               ,
               Degrees
               and
               Propagations
               of
               Life
               in
               this
               Natural
               World
               ]
               to
               describe
               the
               Natural
               Operations
               and
               Products
               of
               these
               two
               first
               Principles
               ,
               and
               to
               shew
               how
               they
               act
               Severally
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               Consort
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Plastick
               Spirit
               in
               this
               World
               of
               Matter
               ,
               is
               a
               Subtle
               Saline
               Volatile
               ,
               which
               [
               whilst
               Matter
               was
               in
               a
               Fluid
               Substance
               ]
               diffus'd
               it self
               through
               all
               the
               Lax
               Strata
               and
               consistences
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               And
               ●s
               that
               Acid
               a●●
               S●line
               Humour
               in
               the
               Stomachs
               of
               Animals
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               Vital
               Flame
               ,
               by
               several
               degrees
               of
               Concoction
               and
               Depuration
               ,
               separates
               the
               more
               Pure
               and
               Spirituous
               parts
               of
               the
               Nourishment
               from
               the
               Cras●er
               and
               more
               Excrementitious
               parts
               of
               it
               ,
               or
               as
               that
               Acid
               and
               Saline
               Rennet
               separates
               and
               coagulates
               the
               more
               Pure
               ,
               Spirituous
               and
               Oyly
               parts
               of
               the
               Milk
               from
               the
               Waterish
               and
               more
               Terre●e
               ;
               so
               this
               subtle
               and
               Acid
               Volatile
               ,
               together
               with
               that
               Subterranean
               Flame
               [
               which
               desseminates
               its
               warm
               and
               enlive●ing
               Influence
               ,
               not
               only
               through
               all
               the
               greater
               Veins
               Branches
               and
               Ramifactions
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               but
               also
               pervades
               the
               smallest
               Pores
               of
               the
               Densest
               Matter
               ]
               did
               separa●e
               ,
               collect
               and
               coagulate
               the
               more
               Simple
               ,
               Pure
               and
               Homogeneous
               parts
               of
               Ma●●er
               ,
               from
               the
               Crasser
               parts
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               the
               Mass
               of
               Fluid
               and
               waterish
               Matter
               ,
               receiv'd
               its
               degrees
               of
               Consolidation
               ,
               these
               purer
               and
               Pneumatical
               Coagulations
               were
               concreted
               in
               
               those
               Solid
               as
               well
               as
               Laxer
               Strata
               wherein
               we
               find
               them
               ,
            
             
               And
               the
               Magnitude
               and
               Figure
               of
               these
               concreted
               Coagulations
               ,
               corr●sponds
               with
               those
               Moulds
               of
               Crasser
               Matter
               from
               whence
               they
               were
               Extracted
               ,
               and
               wherein
               they
               are
               enclos'd
               and
               compress'd
               .
               These
               we
               find
               lodg'd
               either
               in
               the
               Exterior
               or
               Interior
               Parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
            
             
               Those
               concreted
               Coagulations
               which
               we
               meet
               with
               in
               the
               Outer
               Coat
               ,
               or
               grand
               Cover
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               are
               of
               an
               irregular
               Figure
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               lodg'd
               in
               that
               part
               in
               disorder
               and
               confusion
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               are
               either
               the
               common
               Pebles
               ,
               which
               are
               of
               a
               
                 Terrene
                 Saline
              
               or
               Pinguid
               Quality
               :
            
             
               Or
               ,
            
             
               They
               are
               common
               Flints
               ,
               Pyritae
               and
               
               Marchasites
               of
               a
               Pneumatical
               and
               Fiery
               Quality
               :
            
             
               Or
               ,
            
             
               They
               are
               Agates
               ,
               Onyxes
               ,
               Jaspers
               ,
               Cornelians
               ,
               &c.
               
               Of
               a
               Mercurial
               and
               Waterish
               Quality
               ,
               which
               are
               more
               or
               less
               Transparent
               .
            
             
               This
               outer
               Coat
               or
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               consisting
               of
               Sand
               ,
               Gravel
               ,
               Clay
               ,
               Bituminous
               Peat-Earth
               ,
               and
               other
               kinds
               of
               Matter
               of
               an
               Heterogeneous
               Nature
               ,
               affords
               the
               greatest
               variety
               of
               these
               Homogeneous
               Concretions
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               are
               all
               of
               the
               same
               Nature
               and
               Quality
               with
               that
               Courser
               and
               Crasser
               Matter
               from
               which
               they
               were
               Extracted
               and
               Coagulated
               .
            
             
               Those
               more
               Simple
               and
               Homogeneous
               Concretions
               which
               we
               meet
               with
               lodged
               in
               the
               Interior
               Strata
               of
               Solid
               Matter
               ,
               which
               are
               of
               an
               Irregular
               Figure
               ,
               are
               Either
               of
               a
               Liquifiable
               or
               Calcinable
               Quality
               .
            
             
               Those
               that
               are
               not
               of
               a
               Liquifiable
               Nature
               ,
               are
               those
               which
               the
               Miners
               call
               the
               Kernels
               of
               Stones
               .
            
             
             
               For
               as
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Nature
               [
               at
               the
               first
               setling
               of
               Matter
               ]
               reduc'd
               all
               the
               Constituent
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               to
               several
               Classes
               ;
               and
               every
               Class
               of
               Matter
               leading
               to
               some
               Mine
               or
               Mineral
               ;
               so
               every
               Bed
               or
               Layer
               of
               Stone
               or
               Metal
               has
               its
               proper
               Kernels
               ,
               by
               which
               the
               Ingenious
               Miner
               may
               be
               directed
               what
               Mine
               or
               Mineral
               ●●ey
               lead
               to
               ;
               whether
               to
               Coal
               ,
               Rudle
               ,
               Iron
               .
               Stone
               ,
               Lead
               or
               other
               Metallick
               Ores
               ;
               and
               these
               coagulated
               Concretions
               ,
               are
               commonly
               lodg'd
               in
               the
               midle
               of
               such
               solid
               Strata
            
             
               Those
               Homogeneous
               and
               more
               Pneumatical
               Concretions
               of
               an
               irregular
               Figure
               ,
               which
               are
               of
               a
               Liquifiable
               Quality
               ,
               are
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Metallick
               Ores
               ,
               and
               these
               are
               lodg'd
               in
               those
               Rakes
               ,
               Veins
               ,
               Riders
               ,
               and
               Strings
               which
               cross-cut
               and
               divide
               those
               Solid
               Strata
               of
               a
               Hot
               Quality
               ,
               and
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Concoction
               .
            
             
               The
               Male
               Parent
               of
               all
               these
               is
               Sulphur
               ,
               which
               being
               either
               White
               or
               Yellow
               gives
               the
               Tincture
               or
               Colour
               ,
               to
               all
               Metals
               .
            
             
               The
               Female
               Parent
               is
               Quick-silver
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               their
               Liquifaction
               ,
               Flexibility
               ,
               and
               Ductility
               .
            
             
             
               All
               Solid
               Bodies
               consist
               of
               two
               several
               Natures
               ,
               Tangible
               and
               Pneumatical
               ;
               the
               Pneumatical
               Substance
               ,
               is
               the
               Native
               Spirit
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               which
               distinguisheth
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               them
               :
               I
               define
               therefore
               all
               Metallick
               Ores
               to
               be
               the
               more
               Simple
               Homogeneous
               Corpuscles
               of
               such
               Stones
               and
               Cills
               as
               are
               of
               a
               Hot
               Quality
               ,
               and
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Concoction
               ,
               coagulated
               and
               concreted
               in
               those
               Rakes
               ,
               Veins
               ,
               &c.
               which
               cross-cut
               and
               divide
               those
               Cills
               .
            
             
               The
               more
               Homogeneous
               that
               Metals
               are
               ,
               the
               less
               of
               Dross
               they
               have
               in
               them
               :
               The
               more
               of
               this
               Native
               Spirit
               they
               have
               in
               the
               Tangible
               parts
               ,
               they
               are
               the
               more
               Liquifiable
               ,
               Flexible
               and
               Ductile
               ;
               for
               the
               cause
               of
               Liquifaction
               is
               the
               Detention
               of
               the
               Spirits
               which
               play
               within
               the
               Body
               and
               open
               it
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               greater
               plenty
               of
               Spirits
               any
               Tangible
               Matter
               has
               in
               it
               ,
               it
               's
               the
               more
               Flexible
               ,
               and
               therefore
               when
               the
               Tangible
               parts
               are
               Jejune
               of
               Spirits
               ,
               or
               easily
               Emit
               them
               ,
               they
               are
               Fragile
               ,
               and
               will
               not
               easily
               Liqui●ie
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Tangible
               parts
               of
               Matter
               are
               Ductile
               or
               Tensile
               ,
               it
               's
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Appetite
               which
               the
               Native
               Spirits
               have
               to
               Union
               ,
               and
               Aversness
               to
               Discontinue
               .
            
             
             
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               the
               Metallick
               Ores
               are
               the
               Homogeneous
               and
               Pneumatical
               Corpuscles
               of
               Stones
               and
               Cills
               of
               a
               Hot
               Q●ality
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               coagulated
               and
               concreted
               by
               the
               Plastick
               Spirit
               of
               M●tter
               ,
               is
               evident
               from
               the
               Experience
               of
               Mineralists
               ,
               who
               find
               the
               greatest
               plenty
               of
               Ore
               ,
               in
               the
               Veins
               of
               such
               Cills
               as
               are
               of
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               Induration
               and
               Concoction
               ;
               for
               where
               the
               Cills
               are
               weak
               and
               soft
               ,
               and
               have
               not
               receiv'd
               a
               right
               degree
               of
               Heat
               and
               Temper
               ,
               their
               Veins
               are
               only
               fill'd
               with
               Sparr
               ,
               Soyl
               ,
               Clay
               or
               Vein-stone
               ,
               like
               unripe
               Nuts
               whos●
               soft
               and
               weak
               Shells
               are
               only
               fill'd
               with
               a
               Milky
               Pabulum
               ,
               having
               little
               of
               Kernel
               in
               them
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               in
               the
               Third
               place
               ,
               that
               Ores
               are
               the
               Pneumatical
               Corpuscles
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Quick●
               silver
               coagulated
               and
               concreted
               into
               Clods
               and
               Nodes
               ,
               and
               lodg'd
               in
               the
               Veins
               ,
               will
               be
               apparent
               to
               those
               who
               will
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               observe
               ,
               th●t
               the
               more
               Rich
               any
               V●in
               is
               of
               Ore
               ,
               the
               less
               Spangled
               with
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               Quick-silver
               are
               those
               Cills
               and
               M●tals
               they
               cross-cut
               and
               divide
               ;
               and
               so
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               the
               more
               spangl'd
               the
               Stones
               are
               ,
               the
               less
               Ore
               in
               the
               Vein
               .
            
             
             
               And
               the
               Reason
               why
               those
               Metallick
               Spangles
               are
               collected
               ,
               coagulated
               and
               concreted
               in
               those
               Rakes
               and
               Veins
               ,
               is
               because
               they
               lay
               most
               open
               and
               ready
               to
               receive
               them
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               the
               reason
               too
               ,
               why
               we
               meet
               with
               float
               Ore
               lying
               in
               flat
               Beds
               in
               those
               upper
               Cills
               which
               lye
               open
               :
            
             
               These
               being
               Ebullitions
               or
               Overflowings
               of
               Vein
               Ore.
               
            
             
               As
               that
               Hypothesis
               of
               the
               Theorist
               wherein
               he
               conceits
               ▪
               that
               there
               was
               no
               Metallick
               Ores
               or
               Minerals
               in
               the
               Antediluian
               Earth
               ,
               contradicts
               the
               Account
               which
               Moses
               gives
               of
               Tubal-Cain
               ,
               who
               was
               ,
               
               as
               he
               tells
               us
               ,
               an
               Instructer
               of
               every
               Artificer
               in
               Brass
               and
               Iron
               :
               This
               Tubal-Cain
               living
               before
               the
               Deluge
               .
               So
               Dr.
               
               Woodward's
               Hypothesis
               ,
               that
               the
               Metallick
               and
               Mineral
               Matter
               ,
               
               which
               is
               now
               found
               in
               the
               Perpendicular
               Intervals
               of
               the
               Strata
               ,
               was
               all
               of
               it
               Originally
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Deluge
               lodg'd
               in
               the
               Bodies
               of
               the
               Strata
               ,
               being
               interspers'd
               or
               scatter'd
               in
               single
               Corpuscles
               in
               the
               Sand
               or
               other
               Matter
               ,
               whereof
               the
               Strata
               mainly
               consisted
               ;
               seems
               inconsistent
               with
               Reason
               and
               his
               own
               Notions
               of
               Specifick
               Gravity
               .
               For
               ,
            
             
             
               First
               ,
               It
               cannot
               be
               easily
               imagin'd
               by
               what
               Art
               or
               Chymistry
               the
               Metallick
               or
               Mineral
               Matter
               ,
               which
               interspers'd
               and
               scatter'd
               in
               single
               Corpuscles
               in
               the
               Strata
               of
               Solid
               Stone
               ,
               [
               especially
               the
               Corpuscles
               being
               smaller
               than
               those
               of
               the
               smallest
               Sand
               ]
               cou'd
               be
               separated
               and
               made
               fit
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               if
               the
               Mass
               of
               Fluid
               Matter
               ,
               
               after
               the
               Deluge
               was
               over
               ,
               did
               resettle
               according
               to
               the
               Rules
               of
               Specifick
               Gravity
               ,
               the
               heaviest
               subsiding
               the
               lowest
               [
               as
               the
               Dr.
               asserts
               ]
               why
               did
               not
               these
               small
               Grains
               of
               ponderous
               Ore
               subside
               the
               lowest
               ,
               being
               heavier
               than
               the
               Corpuscles
               of
               those
               Strata
               wherein
               they
               were
               lodg'd
               ?
            
             
               And
               to
               assert
               that
               they
               were
               born
               
               up
               by
               the
               Waters
               of
               the
               Abyss
               rising
               up
               towards
               the
               Surface
               [
               as
               the
               Dr.
               supposeth
               ]
               is
               as
               inconsistent
               with
               Gravitation
               and
               Levity
               ,
               as
               for
               Feathers
               t●
               sink
               and
               Lead
               to
               swim
               .
            
             
               These
               Hypotheses
               being
               inconsistent
               both
               with
               Scripture
               and
               Reason
               ;
               we
               shall
               take
               it
               for
               granted
               ,
               that
               all
               these
               coagulated
               Concretions
               of
               Metallick
               Ores
               ,
               were
               by
               the
               Plastick
               Spirit
               in
               Matter
               lodg'd
               in
               the
               Veins
               of
               the
               several
               Strata
               ,
               lying
               most
               open
               ,
               and
               being
               
               most
               ready
               to
               receive
               them
               :
               And
               that
               the
               State
               of
               the
               Antediluvian
               Earth
               did
               not
               differ
               as
               to
               its
               Constituent
               parts
               from
               this
               Postdiluvian
               Earth
               .
            
             
               Having
               given
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Originals
               ,
               Natures
               ,
               and
               Causes
               of
               such
               concreted
               Coagulations
               ,
               as
               are
               of
               an
               Irregular
               Figure
               ;
               I
               proceed
               to
               Describe
               the
               Natures
               and
               Causes
               of
               those
               of
               a
               more
               Regular
               Form.
               
            
             
               And
               these
               are
               the
               Kernels
               or
               Catheads
               which
               we
               meet
               with
               in
               Coal
               Metals
               or
               Stone
               Metals
               ,
               which
               being
               either
               of
               a
               Saline
               or
               Pinguid
               Quality
               ,
               and
               consisting
               of
               the
               smallest
               Grit
               ,
               gave
               way
               to
               the
               Plastick
               Spirit
               to
               Form
               them
               into
               more
               Regular
               Shapes
               and
               Figures
               ;
               and
               these
               are
               either
               Globular
               ,
               Oval
               ,
               Triangular
               ,
               Quadrangular
               ,
               &c.
               as
               the
               Matter
               coagulated
               had
               a
               Natural
               Tendency
               to
               such
               a
               Form
               or
               Figure
               ;
               and
               they
               lie
               in
               these
               Beds
               of
               Metals
               ,
               either
               in
               Layers
               ,
               or
               in
               disorder
               and
               confusion
            
             
               Besides
               these
               Irregular
               and
               Regular
               Concretions
               ;
               there
               are
               others
               of
               a
               more
               Uniform
               Shape
               and
               Figure
               ;
               and
               these
               may
               most
               properly
               bear
               the
               name
               of
               Form'd
               Ston●s
               .
            
             
             
               They
               are
               found
               lodg'd
               either
               in
               Beds
               of
               Pinguid
               and
               Luxuriant
               Soil
               ,
               or
               in
               such
               B●ds
               of
               Stone
               ,
               Chalk
               ,
               Sand
               ,
               Gravel
               and
               E●rths
               as
               are
               of
               a
               S●line
               Quality
               .
            
             
               Those
               we
               meet
               with
               lodg'd
               in
               Beds
               of
               Pinguid
               and
               Luxuriant
               Soil
               ,
               have
               the
               forms
               and
               shapes
               of
               Worms
               ,
               Serpents
               ,
               Snails
               and
               other
               T●rrene
               Ins●cts
               ,
               which
               perhaps
               cou'd
               never
               come
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               our
               Observation
               .
            
             
               Those
               we
               meet
               with
               in
               the
               Solid
               Strata
               of
               Stones
               ,
               Chalk
               ,
               Sand
               ,
               Gravel
               and
               Earth
               of
               a
               Saline
               Quality
               ,
               have
               the
               Forms
               of
               Cockels
               ,
               Muss●ls
               ,
               Oyst●rs
               ,
               and
               other
               Marine
               Insects
               ,
               which
               probably
               Mankind
               h●s
               never
               yet
               been
               acquainted
               with
               ;
               and
               not
               withs●anding
               that
               these
               Shells
               have
               the
               Fo●ms
               of
               those
               Marine
               Insects
               they
               repres●nt
               ,
               yet
               th●y
               never
               were
               the
               spoil●
               of
               Marine
               B●dies
               ;
               But
               form'd
               in
               those
               Stones
               and
               E●rths
               ,
               
               where
               we
               find
               them
               lodg'd
               :
               And
               it
               seems
               most
               probable
               that
               they
               receiv'd
               these
               Forms
               and
               Shapes
               at
               the
               Creation
               of
               this
               Material
               Globe
               ,
               wh●n
               M●tter
               was
               in
               a
               Fluid
               and
               Wate●ish
               Mass
               ;
               and
               wh●n
               there
               was
               a
               commixture
               of
               Light
               and
               Darkness
               ,
               of
               the
               Plastick
               and
               Vivisick
               Powers
               ;
               for
               then
               the
               Vivifick
               
               Spirit
               of
               Nature
               disseminated
               the
               Specifick
               Forms
               of
               those
               Animals
               of
               the
               lowest
               degree
               of
               Life
               in
               those
               waterish
               Funds
               and
               Promptuaries
               of
               Matter
               in
               which
               they
               were
               Form'd
               ,
               and
               increas'd
               into
               that
               Shape
               and
               Figure
               we
               now
               find
               them
               in
               .
            
             
               And
               if
               God
               Almighty
               had
               not
               [
               by
               dividing
               the
               Light
               from
               Darkness
               ,
               the
               Vivisick
               from
               the
               Plastick
               Power
               ,
               and
               by
               Consolidating
               the
               Exterior
               Strata
               of
               Matter
               ]
               
                 Cursed
                 the
                 Earth
              
               ,
               these
               Terrene
               and
               Marine
               Insects
               which
               we
               find
               petrefi'd
               and
               entomb'd
               in
               Marble
               ,
               Limestone
               and
               Chalk
               ,
               or
               bury'd
               in
               Beds
               of
               Sand
               ,
               Gravel
               or
               Earth
               ,
               might
               have
               increas'd
               to
               higher
               degres
               of
               Perfection
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               those
               Subterranean
               Toads
               ,
               Frogs
               ,
               Asks
               and
               Clocks
               ,
               which
               we
               meet
               with
               in
               the
               Cavities
               and
               joints
               of
               such
               Stones
               as
               have
               lost
               their
               Natural
               Feeders
               .
            
             
               But
               of
               these
               the
               following
               Chapters
               will
               give
               a
               more
               full
               Account
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               the
               Grand
               Cover
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               the
               Sympathetical
               Union
               of
               the
               Plastick
               and
               Vivifick
               Spirit
               ;
               and
               the
               Production
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               the
               first
               and
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               .
            
             
               THE
               Outer
               Cover
               of
               the
               more
               Solid
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               we
               call
               the
               Surface
               and
               Fertile
               Soil
               ,
               being
               [
               as
               we
               have
               observ'd
               ]
               the
               Universal
               Fund
               or
               Promptuary
               ,
               or
               the
               Common
               Matrix
               ,
               wherein
               was
               desseminated
               the
               Specifick
               Forms
               of
               the
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               and
               Vegetation
               ,
               whilst
               others
               of
               a
               higher
               Degree
               Danc'd
               about
               it
               ,
               like
               Atoms
               in
               a
               Morning
               Sun
               's
               Beam.
               
            
             
               It
               will
               be
               necessary
               in
               the
               first
               place
               to
               give
               a
               fuller
               Description
               of
               the
               Natures
               and
               Qualities
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               to
               shew
               by
               what
               Degrees
               of
               Heat
               and
               Vital
               Incubations
               it
               was
               Modified
               and
               prepar'd
               to
               answer
               that
               Imperious
               Word
               ▪
               
                 Let
                 the
                 Earth
                 bring
                 forth
              
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Waters
               were
               divided
               and
               
               the
               Sea
               drawn
               down
               to
               its
               proper
               
               Channel
               ,
               they
               left
               behind
               them
               a
               Feculent
               Mud
               and
               Sedement
               ,
               which
               being
               like
               to
               a
               universal
               Q●ag
               ,
               of
               a
               Lax
               and
               Waterish
               Substance
               ,
               consisting
               of
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Matter
               of
               an
               Heterogeneous
               Nature
               ,
               and
               saturated
               with
               great
               plenty
               of
               Mineral
               Spirits
               of
               all
               Qualities
               :
            
             
               These
               Mineral
               Spirits
               ,
               by
               a
               Natural
               Motion
               and
               Tendency
               rising
               up
               to
               the
               Surface
               ,
               as
               we
               observe
               Cream
               riseth
               up
               to
               the
               top
               of
               Milk
               ,
               or
               as
               Oyl
               sloateth
               above
               Water
               ;
               the
               warm
               Influence
               of
               the
               Aetherial
               Flame
               moving
               upon
               it
               ,
               Thickn●d
               these
               Mineral
               Spirits
               into
               a
               Liquid
               Gelly
               ,
               or
               a
               Pinguid
               and
               Unctious
               Slime
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               we
               call
               the
               naked
               Skin
               of
               the
               Earth
               or
               Fertile
               Soil
               .
            
             
               This
               Skin
               or
               Fertile
               Soil
               ,
               before
               it
               got
               any
               Coat
               or
               Cover
               upon
               it
               ,
               was
               not
               only
               Tinctur'd
               and
               Colour'd
               with
               all
               those
               wate●ish
               Colours
               of
               Green
               ,
               Red
               ,
               Yellow
               ,
               &c.
               but
               also
               was
               spotted
               and
               speckl'd
               with
               great
               variety
               of
               other
               Colours
               ,
               occasion'd
               by
               a
               commixture
               of
               these
               Mineral
               Spirits
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               gave
               not
               only
               the
               Tinctures
               and
               Colours
               to
               the
               common
               and
               waterish
               Herbs
               ,
               as
               Grass
               ,
               Plants
               and
               
               Flowers
               ,
               but
               gave
               also
               the
               different
               Complexions
               to
               Birds
               ,
               Beasts
               and
               Men.
               
            
             
               And
               as
               the
               several
               Colours
               and
               Complexions
               were
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               mixture
               and
               temperament
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Spirits
               ,
               so
               were
               their
               different
               Natures
               and
               qualities
               ;
               for
               a
               cunning
               Chymist
               will
               Extract
               out
               of
               Herbs
               and
               Plants
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Mineral
               Spirits
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               out
               of
               the
               Mineral
               it self
               .
            
             
               The
               Virgin
               Matter
               being
               thus
               Modifi'd
               and
               prepar'd
               by
               the
               warm
               Influence
               and
               Enlivening
               Vegetations
               of
               the
               Aetherial
               Flame
               ,
               and
               its
               naked
               Skin
               Adorn'd
               and
               Beautifi'd
               with
               her
               great
               variety
               of
               Natural
               Paints
               :
               Those
               Seminal
               Forms
               or
               Plastick
               ▪
               Souls
               which
               were
               disseminated
               in
               her
               warm
               and
               moist
               Womb
               ,
               and
               Sympathetically
               united
               to
               their
               belov'd
               Matter
               ,
               began
               to
               exert
               their
               Plastick
               Powers
               ,
               and
               put
               forth
               spungy
               Strings
               and
               Roots
               ;
               not
               only
               to
               fasten
               them
               to
               the
               Earth
               ,
               but
               to
               suck
               in
               such
               Juices
               as
               were
               most
               proper
               for
               their
               Food
               and
               Nourishment
               ,
               which
               by
               their
               Seminal
               Vertues
               being
               digested
               into
               the
               Substance
               of
               a
               Plant
               ,
               Herb
               or
               Tree
               ,
               of
               such
               an
               Order
               ,
               Figure
               and
               Temperament
               ,
               it
               became
               
               an
               Individual
               of
               that
               numerous
               Species
               of
               Vegetables
               ;
               which
               began
               first
               to
               peep
               out
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               Corn
               out
               of
               the
               Furrows
               ;
               and
               afterwards
               gradually
               increas'd
               to
               the
               highest
               Degree
               of
               Perfection
               and
               Maturity
               its
               Nature
               was
               capable
               of
               .
            
             
               Thus
               the
               naked
               Skin
               of
               the
               Earth
               was
               cover'd
               with
               a
               Coat
               or
               Green
               Livery
               ,
               Beautifi'd
               and
               Adorn'd
               with
               Flowers
               of
               several
               kinds
               of
               Colours
               ;
               and
               as
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               increas'd
               in
               Degrees
               of
               Heat
               and
               Modification
               ,
               it
               produc'd
               Vegetables
               of
               higher
               Degrees
               of
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               ,
               as
               all
               kinds
               of
               Trees
               ,
               from
               the
               lowest
               Shrub
               to
               the
               tallest
               Cedar
               or
               most
               robust
               Oak
               .
            
             
               That
               these
               Productions
               were
               not
               brought
               forth
               all
               at
               once
               ;
               but
               gradually
               as
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               receiv'd
               higher
               Degrees
               of
               Heat
               and
               Modification
               ,
               is
               apparent
               from
               our
               observing
               of
               those
               Annual
               Productions
               which
               every
               Season
               bringeth
               forth
               .
            
             
               For
               there
               are
               some
               Vegetables
               of
               a
               Cold
               and
               Waterish
               Quality
               ,
               whose
               Natural
               Spirits
               are
               more
               Fine
               ,
               Light
               and
               Active
               ,
               which
               require
               only
               a
               smaller
               Degree
               of
               Heat
               to
               raise
               them
               ,
               and
               these
               are
               the
               Productions
               of
               those
               Early
               
               Months
               ,
               
                 Ianuary
                 ,
                 February
              
               and
               March
               :
               And
               these
               come
               to
               their
               Perfection
               and
               Maturity
               before
               April
               and
               May
               ,
               which
               present
               us
               with
               an
               other
               Crop
               and
               order
               of
               Vegetables
               :
               and
               for
               this
               same
               reason
               ,
               
                 Iune
                 ,
                 Iuly
              
               and
               August
               go
               further
               ,
               and
               presents
               us
               still
               with
               different
               shows
               of
               Plants
               ,
               Herbs
               and
               Flowers
               :
               And
               thus
               as
               the
               Sun
               increaseth
               in
               Heat
               ,
               and
               the
               passive
               Matter
               in
               degrees
               of
               Modification
               ,
               we
               are
               presented
               with
               higher
               and
               more
               noble
               Productions
               .
            
             
               The
               Seminal
               Forms
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               being
               now
               united
               to
               their
               material
               Vehicles
               ,
               and
               being
               grown
               up
               to
               their
               several
               Degrees
               of
               Perfection
               and
               Maturity
               ,
               they
               retain'd
               Seed
               in
               themselves
               ,
               and
               did
               Propagate
               their
               several
               Kinds
               by
               scattering
               of
               their
               ripe
               Seed
               upon
               the
               Fertile
               Soil
               ,
               which
               like
               the
               warm
               and
               moist
               Womb
               of
               a
               fruitful
               Mother
               ,
               dissolves
               them
               first
               into
               a
               Liquid
               Jelly
               ,
               and
               then
               divides
               their
               parts
               into
               their
               several
               uses
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Seminal
               Forms
               of
               Vegetables
               were
               Originally
               disseminated
               in
               the
               Earth
               as
               in
               an
               Universal
               Fund
               or
               Promptuary
               ,
               will
               be
               yet
               further
               evident
               by
               those
               Ocular
               Observations
               which
               
               has
               been
               frequently
               made
               of
               Productions
               without
               Seed
               ;
               for
               take
               some
               quantity
               of
               Earth
               digg'd
               several
               Fathoms
               under
               Ground
               ,
               and
               expose
               it
               to
               the
               Sun
               and
               Rain
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               Spontaneously
               without
               any
               Seed
               bring
               forth
               common
               Grass
               and
               several
               Herbs
               and
               Plants
            
             
               Again
               ,
               we
               observe
               that
               particular
               Soils
               will
               produce
               ,
               without
               Propagation
               by
               Seed
               ,
               Herbs
               and
               Plants
               peculiar
               to
               that
               kind
               of
               Soil
               and
               Earth
               ,
               as
               Pavements
               do
               Naturally
               produce
               Knot-Grass
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               If
               it
               be
               object'd
               ,
               that
               the
               smaller
               Seeds
               are
               disseminated
               over
               all
               by
               the
               Winds
               ,
               and
               the
               greater
               Seeds
               scatter'd
               by
               Birds
               that
               feed
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               I
               answer
               that
               its
               commonly
               observ'd
               ,
               when
               Earth
               is
               brought
               out
               of
               the
               Indies
               or
               other
               Remote
               Countries
               for
               Ballast
               to
               Ships
               ,
               and
               cast
               forth
               upon
               some
               Ground
               in
               Italy
               or
               other
               Countries
               at
               a
               great
               distance
               ,
               it
               will
               put
               forth
               Foreign
               Herbs
               to
               us
               unknown
               :
               And
               it
               cannot
               be
               imagin'd
               that
               the
               Winds
               shou'd
               blow
               the
               Seeds
               of
               these
               Plants
               from
               the
               Indies
               ,
               or
               that
               the
               Birds
               shou'd
               cross
               the
               Seas
               and
               scatter
               them
               at
               so
               great
               a
               distance
               .
            
             
             
               To
               these
               I
               might
               farther
               add
               those
               try'd
               Experiments
               of
               Transmutation
               ▪
               Transmigration
               ,
               and
               Degeneration
               of
               Herbs
               and
               Plants
               .
            
             
               Having
               describ'd
               the
               Original
               of
               Vegetables
               the
               first
               and
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               shewn
               that
               tho'
               the
               manne●
               of
               their
               Propagation
               be
               now
               by
               Seed
               ;
               yet
               when
               Seed
               is
               wanting
               ,
               the
               Fertile
               Soil
               will
               bring
               forth
               common
               Grass
               and
               other
               Plants
               in
               the
               Natural
               way
               by
               a
               Spontaneou●
               Generation
               :
               Thus
               the
               Evening
               and
               the
               Morning
               ,
               or
               the
               Sympathetical
               union
               of
               the
               Active
               Form
               and
               Passive
               Matter
               produc'd
               the
               first
               and
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               Third
               Production
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               reducing
               the
               Confus'd
               Mass
               or
               Light
               of
               the
               Aetherial
               Flame
               into
               a
               Body
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               Sun
               ;
               of
               reducing
               those
               higher
               Fogs
               and
               waterish
               Mists
               into
               a
               Body
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               Moon
               ;
               how
               by
               clearing
               of
               the
               Superlunary
               Firmament
               or
               the
               Planetary
               Spheres
               ,
               the
               Stars
               appear'd
               :
               And
               what
               the
               Sun
               ,
               Moon
               and
               Stars
               contribute
               towards
               the
               Production
               of
               Sensitive
               or
               Locomotive
               Animals
               ,
               and
               why
               the
               Creation
               of
               these
               Second
               Causes
               made
               the
               Fourth
               Production
               .
            
             
               Tho'
               the
               Earth
               was
               now
               Gay
               and
               Trim
               with
               a
               new
               Green
               Livery
               of
               Grass
               ,
               Adorn'd
               with
               Painted
               Flowers
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               Copices
               or
               Thickets
               of
               Young
               Trees
               ;
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               was
               yet
               too
               Cold
               and
               Waterish
               to
               draw
               down
               out
               of
               the
               Second
               Degree
               of
               Life
               any
               of
               the
               Sensitive
               
               Forms
               to
               Actuate
               and
               Inform
               it
               .
               The
               Almighty
               Power
               did
               therefore
               contract
               this
               dilated
               Aetherial
               Flame
               of
               Light
               into
               a
               Body
               ,
               which
               Moses
               calls
               the
               Sun
               ,
               that
               those
               Enlivening
               Heats
               and
               Vital
               Incubations
               which
               flow
               from
               it
               ,
               might
               be
               more
               Strong
               and
               Vigorous
               ,
               and
               Penetrate
               deeper
               into
               the
               Cold
               Matter
               .
            
             
               And
               God
               plac'd
               this
               Coelestial
               Fire
               at
               such
               a
               convenient
               distance
               from
               the
               Earth
               ,
               that
               it
               might
               neither
               be
               too
               much
               scorch'd
               by
               being
               too
               near
               it
               ;
               nor
               frozen
               ,
               by
               being
               at
               too
               great
               a
               distance
               from
               it
               ;
               but
               that
               it
               might
               receive
               such
               a
               temperate
               Heat
               from
               it
               ,
               as
               to
               excite
               its
               Seminal
               Vertues
               ,
               and
               draw
               up
               its
               Juices
               into
               them
               ,
               and
               thereby
               Ripen
               its
               Natural
               Fruits
               .
            
             
               God
               gave
               to
               the
               Earth
               also
               a
               Diurnal
               Motion
               ,
               that
               by
               a
               just
               and
               regular
               turning
               about
               upon
               its
               own
               Cen●re
               ,
               it
               might
               have
               the
               benefit
               of
               Day
               and
               Night
               every
               Four
               and
               twenty
               Hours
               ,
               so
               that
               no
               part
               of
               the
               Earth
               might
               be
               too
               much
               heated
               by
               theSun's
               presence
               upon
               it
               ,
               or
               too
               long
               benighted
               by
               his
               absence
               from
               it
               ;
               because
               as
               one
               side
               is
               Warm'd
               and
               Cherish'd
               by
               its
               Rays
               ,
               it
               withdraws
               and
               turns
               to
               it
               its
               other
               side
               ;
               and
               so
               
               by
               this
               just
               and
               regular
               turning
               about
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               an
               equal
               distribution
               of
               Day
               and
               Night
               ,
               the
               active
               Animals
               get
               leave
               to
               rest
               ,
               the
               over-heated
               Air
               to
               cool
               ,
               and
               the
               gasping
               Earth
               to
               recover
               its
               fainting
               Vertues
               ,
               which
               a
               continu'd
               Day
               wou'd
               soon
               Exhaust
               and
               Extinguish
               .
            
             
               God
               gave
               also
               the
               Sun
               an
               Annual
               Motion
               ,
               and
               has
               directed
               it
               into
               such
               a
               commodious
               Course
               ,
               that
               it
               sheds
               forth
               its
               Enlivening
               Light
               ,
               Heat
               and
               Influence
               over
               all
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               by
               turns
               ,
               gives
               all
               Countries
               their
               Yearly
               Seasons
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               gradual
               Increase
               and
               Decrease
               of
               Heat
               ,
               answers
               all
               the
               Ends
               of
               Nature
               ,
               both
               in
               the
               Vegetive
               and
               Animal
               World
               much
               better
               than
               the
               constant
               Temperature
               and
               Equality
               of
               Heat
               ,
               which
               the
               Theorist
               supposeth
               to
               have
               been
               in
               the
               An●ediluvian
               Earth
               .
            
             
               After
               the
               Creation
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               God
               reduc'd
               all
               those
               vast
               Fogs
               and
               waterish
               Mists
               that
               rang'd
               about
               in
               the
               Planetary
               Spheres
               into
               a
               Body
               ,
               which
               Moses
               calls
               the
               Moon
               ,
               and
               he
               design'd
               it
               [
               as
               a
               Reverend
               and
               Learn'd
               Divine
               of
               our
               own
               has
               observ'd
               ]
               to
               be
               for
               a
               Vicarious
               Light
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               to
               supply
               
               his
               absence
               ,
               and
               perform
               his
               Office
               in
               the
               lower
               World.
               
            
             
               He
               plac'd
               the
               Moon
               in
               the
               lowest
               of
               the
               Coelestial
               Spheres
               ,
               at
               such
               a
               conv●nient
               distance
               from
               the
               Earth
               ,
               that
               the
               warm
               Influence
               of
               the
               Sun
               being
               reflected
               from
               it
               ,
               might
               carry
               down
               with
               it
               some
               of
               its
               Coelestial
               Moisture
               .
               He
               gave
               also
               to
               the
               Moon
               so
               commodious
               a
               Motion
               ,
               which
               it
               performs
               in
               every
               28
               or
               29
               Days
               ,
               that
               when
               the
               Sun
               is
               Southward
               it
               moves
               Northward
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Sun
               moves
               Northward
               it's
               Motion
               is
               Southward
               ,
               by
               which
               Motion
               the
               Cold
               and
               Darkness
               of
               the
               long
               Winter
               Nights
               are
               moderated
               ,
               and
               these
               remote
               Regions
               under
               the
               Poles
               comforted
               with
               the
               Sun's
               Influence
               at
               Second-hand
               ,
               when
               they
               want
               it
               at
               the
               First
               .
            
             
               Thus
               by
               reducing
               of
               those
               waterish
               Fogs
               into
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               the
               upper
               Firmament
               or
               the
               Planetary
               Spheres
               were
               clear'd
               ,
               and
               the
               Plan●ts
               ,
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Stars
               Created
               in
               the
               Morning
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               began
               to
               appear
               ;
               and
               to
               send
               down
               their
               Aetherial
               and
               Invisible
               Influences
               upon
               this
               Globe
               ,
               which
               were
               obstructed
               and
               interrupted
               by
               the
               Interposition
               of
               these
               waterish
               Mists
               .
            
             
             
               And
               the
               Creation
               of
               the
               Sun
               and
               Moon
               and
               the
               Clearing
               of
               the
               Planet●ry
               Spheres
               God
               made
               use
               of
               as
               〈…〉
               ,
               or
               necessary
               Second
               Causes
               tow●rd
               ●he
               Production
               of
               the
               Second
               D●●ree
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               therefore
               these
               made
               the
               Fourth
               Production
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               the
               Production
               of
               the
               Second
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               first
               of
               Oviparous
               Animals
               ,
               as
               Fish
               and
               waterish
               Insects
               .
            
             
               HAving
               already
               observ'd
               ,
               that
               whilst
               the
               Earth
               was
               a
               Fluid
               and
               Waterish
               Mass
               ,
               and
               there
               was
               a
               commix●ure
               of
               Light
               and
               Darkness
               ,
               the
               Plastick
               and
               Vivifick
               Spirits
               ;
               the
               Specifick
               Forms
               of
               Vegetation
               ,
               and
               the
               lowest
               Forms
               of
               Animals
               were
               disseminate●
               in
               the
               Exterior
               Strata
               of
               this
               waterish
               Mass
               ;
               and
               if
               God
               had
               not
               Curs'd
               the
               Earth
               ,
               by
               dividing
               Light
               from
               Darkness
               ,
               the
               Material
               and
               Formal
               Principles
               of
               Life
               ,
               the
               Luxuriant
               
               Matter
               wou'd
               have
               teem'd
               fo●th
               such
               numbers
               of
               Animal
               Productions
               ,
               that
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               and
               Waters
               wou'd
               not
               have
               maintain'd
               them
               .
            
             
               This
               Hypothesis
               is
               grounded
               not
               only
               upon
               the
               form'd
               Stones
               we
               meet
               with
               lodg'd
               in
               the
               Interior
               Strata
               of
               the
               Earth
               [
               which
               having
               the
               shapes
               and
               representations
               of
               Terrene
               and
               Marine
               Insects
               ]
               cou'd
               proceed
               from
               no
               other
               Original
               than
               a
               Plastick
               Spirit
               ;
               but
               also
               upon
               those
               Subterranean
               Animals
               ,
               as
               Toads
               ,
               Frogs
               ,
               Asks
               and
               Clocks
               ,
               which
               we
               sometimes
               meet
               with
               inclos'd
               in
               the
               Cavities
               and
               Hollows
               of
               Stone
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               their
               dry
               Joints
               .
               I
               have
               found
               a
               large
               Toad
               six
               Yards
               under
               Ground
               ,
               inclos'd
               in
               the
               very
               middle
               of
               a
               hard
               Stone
               ,
               where
               the
               Joint
               that
               led
               to
               it
               was
               so
               straight
               ,
               that
               it
               wou'd
               not
               receive
               the
               thinnest
               Knife
               ;
               so
               likewise
               great
               numbers
               of
               Asks
               ,
               Clocks
               and
               Beetles
               in
               the
               dry
               Joints
               of
               Stones
               ,
               which
               cou'd
               have
               no
               other
               generation
               ,
               but
               what
               was
               from
               a
               Plastick
               Spirit
               modifying
               a
               Subterranean
               Vapour
               collected
               into
               that
               Cavity
               or
               dry
               Joint
               ,
               the
               Vivifick
               Flame
               kindl'd
               a
               Spark
               of
               Life
               in
               them
               ,
               which
               [
               by
               sucking
               in
               such
               Subterranean
               Vapours
               ,
               as
               abounded
               in
               the
               Joints
               of
               these
               dry
               
               Stones
               ,
               which
               had
               lost
               their
               Natural
               Feeders
               ]
               were
               increa●'d
               to
               that
               bulk
               we
               found
               them
               in
               ;
               no
               doubt
               but
               the
               
                 Stamina
                 Vitae
              
               of
               these
               Subterrene
               Animals
               are
               preserv'd
               by
               continual
               Sleeping
               ,
               and
               the
               Air
               they
               breath
               is
               purely
               Subterranean
               ,
               like
               Embrios
               in
               the
               Womb
               ,
               which
               live
               by
               the
               Respiration
               of
               their
               Mothers
               :
               And
               it
               may
               seem
               very
               probable
               that
               these
               under-ground
               Animals
               have
               liv'd
               in
               these
               Joints
               and
               Cavities
               ever
               since
               the
               Deluge
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               long
               before
               ;
               for
               as
               nothing
               preserves
               the
               Vital
               Flame
               more
               than
               Sleep
               ;
               so
               nothing
               wastes
               and
               spends
               it
               more
               than
               Action
               .
            
             
               To
               these
               I
               might
               add
               the
               Production
               of
               Eels
               ,
               Worms
               ,
               Marine
               and
               Waterish
               Insects
               ,
               as
               the
               
                 Vrtica
                 Marina
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               which
               being
               Zoophyta
               or
               Plant
               Animals
               ,
               and
               not
               Locomotive
               ,
               cou'd
               have
               no
               other
               Production
               ,
               than
               what
               was
               meerly
               Aequivocal
               or
               Spontaneous
               ,
               and
               from
               Matter
               modifi'd
               and
               prepar'd
               for
               rec●iving
               of
               the
               Vital
               Spark
               .
            
             
               Besides
               these
               Invisible
               Productions
               ,
               I
               shall
               add
               one
               more
               ,
               visible
               and
               apparent
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               strong
               Horse-hair
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               the
               Water
               warm'd
               by
               the
               Influence
               
               of
               the
               Sun
               [
               especially
               in
               May
               o●
               Iune
               ]
               and
               within
               some
               few
               Hours
               it
               will
               take
               Life
               ,
               move
               at
               both
               Ends
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               short
               time
               ,
               its
               probable
               that
               it
               might
               become
               one
               of
               those
               several
               kinds
               of
               Eels
               we
               meet
               with
               in
               the
               Waters
               .
            
             
               Notwithstanding
               that
               all
               these
               Productions
               had
               their
               first
               Original
               from
               such
               Matter
               as
               was
               most
               proper
               and
               capable
               to
               be
               modisied
               by
               the
               Plastick
               Spirit
               of
               Nature
               ;
               yet
               being
               produc'd
               ,
               they
               sometimes
               propagate
               their
               several
               Kinds
               by
               univocal
               Generation
               ,
               these
               Marine
               Insects
               which
               are
               not
               Locomotive
               ,
               being
               only
               excepted
               .
            
             
               From
               these
               Praeliminary
               Instances
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               many
               more
               Ocular
               Observations
               which
               might
               easily
               be
               produc'd
               ,
               I
               conclude
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               several
               Forms
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               were
               disseminated
               in
               the
               upper
               Covers
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               so
               were
               the
               Specifick
               Forms
               of
               several
               kinds
               of
               Fish
               [
               as
               well
               those
               which
               the
               Natu●alists
               call
               Pelagiae
               ,
               as
               those
               they
               call
               L●turales
               ]
               desseminated
               in
               the
               Wa●●r●
               ,
               or
               Submarine
               and
               fresh-water
               Quicksands
               ;
               and
               as
               the
               Water
               receiv'd
               higher
               D●grees
               of
               Modific●tion
               ,
               they
               produc'd
               Fish
               of
               a
               higher
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               in
               obedience
               to
               that
               Command
               laid
               upon
               them
               ,
               
                 Let
                 the
                 Waters
                 bring
                 forth
                 abundantly
                 .
              
            
             
             
               The
               Second
               Causes
               which
               concurr'd
               in
               the
               Production
               of
               these
               Waterish
               Animals
               ,
               were
               ,
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
                 the
                 Coelestial
                 Influences
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 The
                 Water
                 which
                 being
                 Modified
                 by
                 the
                 Plastick
                 Spirit
                 and
                 the
                 Coelestial
                 Influences
                 ,
                 became
                 waterish
                 Vehicles
                 ,
                 or
                 Bodies
                 for
                 their
                 Specifick
                 Forms
                 to
                 act
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 The
                 Submarine
                 and
                 Waterish
                 Quick-sands
                 in
                 which
                 their
                 Eggs
                 were
                 Generated
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 The
                 Subterranean
                 Heat
                 ,
                 which
                 abounding
                 most
                 in
                 these
                 Submarine
                 Quick-sands
                 or
                 waterish
                 Nests
                 ,
                 did
                 Hatch
                 these
                 Eggs
                 into
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 An
                 Innate
                 Power
                 in
                 the
                 Plastick
                 Form
                 ,
                 which
                 discriminated
                 their
                 Kinds
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               Original
               Production
               of
               all
               kinds
               of
               Fish
               ,
               being
               from
               their
               Invisibe
               and
               Vital
               Forms
               disseminated
               in
               Waterish
               Quick-sands
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               they
               came
               to
               Perfection
               and
               Maturity
               ,
               they
               retain'd
               Seed
               in
               themselves
               ,
               by
               which
               they
               Propagated
               their
               own
               Kinds
               .
               The
               time
               of
               their
               Propagation
               is
               with
               us
               about
               September
               ;
               for
               then
               being
               grown
               strong
               and
               lusty
               with
               their
               Summers
               Feeding
               ,
               and
               the
               Influence
               of
               the
               Moon
               and
               the
               
               rest
               of
               the
               Aetherial
               Bodies
               ,
               being
               then
               more
               strong
               and
               powerful
               upon
               the
               Waters
               .
               Again
               ,
               about
               that
               time
               the
               Subterranean
               Heat
               rises
               towards
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               breaks
               out
               in
               Springs
               and
               Quick
               sands
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               ,
               why
               about
               that
               time
               the
               Fresh-water
               Fish
               draw
               up
               to
               the
               Spring-heads
               ,
               and
               the
               Sea
               Fish
               to
               the
               Submarine
               Q●ick-sands
               ,
               wherein
               they
               scatter
               their
               Eggs.
               
            
             
               The
               manner
               how
               they
               Propagate
               ,
               is
               ,
               first
               by
               Digging
               up
               the
               Sand
               where
               they
               intend
               to
               make
               their
               Nests
               ,
               and
               then
               [
               not
               by
               Copulation
               or
               Penetration
               of
               parts
               ,
               but
               playing
               Cheek
               for
               Chole
               ,
               and
               by
               Sympathetical
               Touches
               ]
               the
               Female
               whones
               her
               Eggs
               ,
               and
               the
               Male
               his
               Spawn
               ,
               which
               mixing
               together
               falls
               down
               into
               these
               prepar'd
               Nests
               which
               they
               cover
               up
               with
               Sand
               ,
               thereby
               securing
               it
               from
               the
               Winter
               Floods
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               they
               return
               to
               their
               Winter
               Holds
               ,
               leaving
               their
               Eggs
               to
               be
               Hatch'd
               by
               the
               Subterranean
               Heat
               ,
               which
               continues
               in
               the
               Springs
               and
               Quick-sands
               until
               the
               April
               following
               ;
               and
               then
               the
               Young
               Frie
               ,
               being
               Hatch'd
               creep
               out
               of
               their
               warm
               Nests
               and
               Swim
               down
               the
               Waters
               in
               numerous
               Swarms
               or
               Shoals
               .
            
             
             
               After
               the
               Production
               of
               all
               the
               Subordinate
               Kinds
               of
               Fish
               ,
               God
               last
               of
               all
               Created
               great
               Whales
               ,
               by
               which
               words
               Moses
               intimates
               to
               us
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               waterish
               Animals
               were
               produc'd
               by
               the
               ordinary
               Concurrence
               of
               Second
               Causes
               ;
               but
               God
               to
               shew
               his
               Great
               Power
               in
               the
               Deep
               Waters
               as
               well
               as
               upon
               the
               Dry
               Land
               ,
               did
               seem
               to
               give
               a
               Preter-natural
               Assistance
               to
               the
               Production
               of
               an
               Animal
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Body
               ;
               which
               in
               the
               Atlantick
               Ocean
               ,
               when
               they
               appear
               to
               Mariners
               upon
               the
               Waters
               ,
               appear
               like
               little
               Islands
               or
               Mountains
               ;
               and
               these
               are
               the
               Leviathans
               that
               God
               made
               to
               take
               their
               Pastime
               in
               the
               Deep
               :
               He
               made
               them
               Lords
               also
               over
               all
               the
               Fish
               ,
               which
               He
               gave
               to
               them
               for
               Meat
               .
            
             
               For
               as
               every
               Superior
               Rank
               or
               Species
               of
               Terrene
               Animals
               Feed
               upon
               their
               Inferior
               ,
               and
               Man
               upon
               all
               ;
               so
               every
               Superior
               Species
               of
               Fish
               live
               upon
               their
               Inferior
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               Whale
               ,
               being
               Lord
               over
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               lives
               upon
               its
               Underlings
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               the
               Second
               Genus
               of
               Oviparous
               Animals
               ,
               
                 (
                 viz
              
               )
               the
               Aerial
               :
               And
               First
               ,
               of
               Fly
               Insects
               ,
               Secondly
               ,
               of
               Serpents
               ,
               Thirdly
               ,
               of
               Birds
               ,
               and
               why
               Moses
               makes
               the
               Waterish
               and
               Aerial
               Animals
               Congenial
               .
            
             
               AS
               it
               seems
               preposterous
               to
               Create
               any
               Species
               of
               Animals
               ,
               before
               Meat
               suitable
               to
               their
               Natures
               to
               Live
               upon
               was
               provided
               for
               them
               ;
               so
               it
               seems
               most
               probable
               and
               agreeable
               with
               the
               Ends
               of
               Nature
               ,
               that
               Grass
               ,
               Plants
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               Set
               of
               Vegetables
               shou'd
               be
               the
               first
               Spring
               and
               Summers
               Product
               .
               That
               the
               Replenishing
               of
               the
               Waters
               with
               all
               Kinds
               of
               Fish
               ,
               the
               Production
               of
               the
               following
               Winter
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               next
               Spring
               shou'd
               begin
               with
               the
               Production
               of
               Aerial
               Animals
               ;
               these
               ●iving
               and
               Feeding
               upon
               the
               first
               Products
               of
               the
               Earth
               and
               Waters
               .
            
             
             
               Again
               ,
               since
               the
               several
               Degrees
               of
               Modification
               of
               Matter
               ,
               and
               the
               Animal
               Life
               increaseth
               ,
               as
               the
               Enlivening
               Influence
               of
               the
               Sun
               grows
               Hotter
               and
               more
               Powerful
               ;
               it
               necessarily
               follows
               ,
               that
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Flying
               Insects
               ,
               [
               being
               the
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               under
               this
               Genus
               ]
               shou'd
               be
               the
               first
               Product
               ;
               for
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Fertile
               Soil
               had
               receiv'd
               a
               degree
               of
               Heat
               from
               the
               approaching
               Sun
               ,
               the
               Earth
               began
               to
               revive
               ,
               the
               Young
               Plants
               began
               to
               peep
               out
               of
               their
               Winter
               Beds
               ,
               and
               the
               tender
               Leaves
               of
               Trees
               began
               to
               break
               their
               Autumn
               Buds
               .
            
             
               The
               East
               Wind
               blowing
               then
               Dry
               ,
               by
               it's
               soft
               and
               easie
               Blasts
               did
               Condense
               the
               Morning
               and
               Evening
               Dews
               into
               viscous
               and
               clammy
               Strings
               ,
               which
               like
               Cobwebs
               hang
               upon
               every
               Thorn
               and
               spread
               themselves
               upon
               the
               Young
               Grass
               ,
               till
               the
               Sun
               advancing
               towards
               the
               Meridian
               ,
               sent
               down
               a
               warm
               Reflection
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               caus'd
               all
               these
               fine
               and
               tender
               Threads
               to
               draw
               together
               ,
               and
               fashion
               themselves
               into
               little
               Nests
               ,
               in
               which
               by
               a
               higher
               Degree
               of
               Heat
               were
               form'd
               little
               Eggs
               ;
               which
               by
               another
               Degree
               of
               Heat
               took
               Life
               ,
               and
               did
               Fly
               about
               in
               the
               open
               
               Air
               ,
               some
               Feeding
               upon
               Dews
               ,
               others
               upon
               Leaves
               ;
               others
               upon
               Corruption
               in
               the
               Air
               ;
               others
               were
               Blood-suckers
               .
            
             
               Besides
               these
               Generated
               of
               Dews
               ,
               there
               are
               Infinite
               numbers
               of
               other
               Kinds
               of
               Insects
               which
               are
               Generated
               of
               Slime
               and
               Corruption
               ;
               and
               these
               are
               either
               Daily
               or
               Weekly
               Productions
               ,
               some
               of
               which
               Transmute
               from
               one
               Species
               to
               another
               ,
               as
               those
               Insects
               which
               we
               call
               Caterpillars
               the
               first
               Summer
               ,
               the
               next
               Summer
               will
               become
               Butterflies
               :
               So
               Cod-bates
               in
               April
               and
               Iune
               will
               Transmute
               into
               those
               kind
               of
               Flies
               we
               call
               Clegs
               ,
               which
               are
               Blood-suckers
               .
            
             
               To
               shew
               particularly
               the
               Kinds
               ,
               Natures
               and
               Numbers
               of
               all
               these
               Transmutable
               Insects
               ,
               wou'd
               be
               a
               Task
               Invincible
               .
               Thus
               were
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Flying
               Insects
               produc'd
               ,
               having
               their
               Colours
               ,
               Natures
               and
               Qualities
               from
               Flowers
               ,
               Plants
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               Trees
               ,
               or
               corrupted
               Water
               and
               Slime
               ,
               and
               their
               Shapes
               and
               Figures
               from
               their
               Plastick
               Forms
               ,
               these
               being
               the
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               a
               small
               Degree
               of
               Heat
               produc'd
               '
               em
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 Serpents
                 .
              
               
                 AFter
                 the
                 Production
                 of
                 these
                 Flying
                 Insects
                 ,
                 the
                 East
                 Wind
                 still
                 blowing
                 Warm
                 and
                 Dry
                 ,
                 those
                 standing
                 Puddles
                 of
                 Stagnated
                 and
                 Corrupted
                 Water
                 being
                 drain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 behind
                 a
                 Poisonous
                 Slime
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Influence
                 were
                 form'd
                 poisonous
                 Eggs
                 ;
                 which
                 by
                 higher
                 Degrees
                 of
                 Heat
                 were
                 Hatch'd
                 into
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 sucking
                 in
                 and
                 feeding
                 upon
                 such
                 Poisonous
                 Matter
                 as
                 they
                 cou'd
                 meet
                 with
                 ●uitable
                 to
                 their
                 Natures
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 strength
                 ,
                 Feet
                 and
                 Wings
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 Serpents
                 of
                 several
                 Kinds
                 ,
                 some
                 Creepers
                 ,
                 as
                 Adders
                 and
                 Snakes
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 Feet
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Asp
                 and
                 Viper
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 Horns
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Cerafles
                 ;
                 some
                 with
                 Wings
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Basilisk
                 and
                 Dragon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 Altho
                 that
                 these
                 have
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 Head
                 ,
                 Heart
                 ,
                 Blood
                 ,
                 Nerves
                 ,
                 Senses
                 and
                 other
                 parts
                 agreeable
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 perfect
                 Animals
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 Subtile
                 amongst
                 the
                 Irrationals
                 ;
                 yet
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 disparity
                 with
                 Quadrupedes
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 accounted
                 
                 amongst
                 the
                 imperfect
                 Animals
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 lower
                 Degree
                 of
                 Life
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 several
                 Kinds
                 of
                 Birds
                 .
              
               
                 AFter
                 this
                 the
                 Cold
                 and
                 Waterish
                 Earth
                 ,
                 being
                 drain'd
                 and
                 warm'd
                 by
                 the
                 increasing
                 Influence
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 Heaths
                 ,
                 Dales
                 ,
                 Valleys
                 ,
                 Water-sands
                 and
                 the
                 Sea-shore
                 ,
                 were
                 Cover'd
                 with
                 a
                 Luxuriant
                 ,
                 Plastick
                 and
                 Prolifick
                 Slime
                 ,
                 which
                 drew
                 down
                 [
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Sympathy
                 ]
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 warm
                 Regions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 the
                 Specifick
                 Forms
                 of
                 Birds
                 or
                 Aerial
                 Animals
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 united
                 to
                 this
                 Luxuriant
                 and
                 Plastick
                 Slime
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 Form'd
                 innumerable
                 numbers
                 of
                 Eggs
                 upon
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 Heaths
                 ,
                 Valleys
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Earths
                 Surface
                 ;
                 and
                 no
                 sooner
                 were
                 these
                 Eggs
                 Form'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 warm
                 Influence
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 sat
                 on
                 Brood
                 upon
                 them
                 until
                 they
                 were
                 Hatch'd
                 into
                 little
                 Chickens
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Hatch'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-shore
                 became
                 Sea-Birds
                 ,
                 those
                 by
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 feeding
                 upon
                 Fresh-water
                 Fish
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Hatch'd
                 hy
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 Lakes
                 and
                 Ponds
                 ,
                 became
                 Amphibious
                 Birds
                 ,
                 
                 feeding
                 both
                 upon
                 Fish
                 and
                 Herbs
                 ,
                 as
                 Geese
                 ,
                 Swans
                 ,
                 Ducks
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Those
                 Hatch'd
                 upon
                 Mountains
                 and
                 Heaths
                 feeding
                 upon
                 Mountain
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 Heath
                 Birds
                 ;
                 those
                 upon
                 the
                 Plains
                 and
                 Valleys
                 became
                 Domesticks
                 ,
                 feeding
                 both
                 upon
                 Grass
                 and
                 Corn
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Woods
                 ,
                 Singing
                 Birds
                 and
                 Birds
                 of
                 Prey
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 those
                 Tyrants
                 of
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 manner
                 were
                 the
                 Aerial
                 Animals
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Moses
                 makes
                 the
                 Aerial
                 and
                 Waterish
                 Animals
                 Congenial
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 The
                 parity
                 of
                 their
                 Production
                 ,
                 being
                 both
                 from
                 Eggs.
                 
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 The
                 Affinity
                 of
                 that
                 Matter
                 on
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 produc'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Air
                 and
                 Water
                 being
                 Transmutable
                 Elements
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 From
                 the
                 likeness
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 and
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 Kind
                 having
                 Fins
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 Swim
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 having
                 Wings
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 Fly
                 or
                 Swim
                 in
                 the
                 Air.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Productions
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Spring
                 Months
                 (
                 
                   viz.
                   )
                   Ianuary
                   ,
                   February
                
                 and
                 March
                 ;
                 so
                 in
                 these
                 Months
                 they
                 do
                 always
                 Propagate
                 their
                 Kinds
                 by
                 laying
                 of
                 Eggs
                 ,
                 every
                 Species
                 according
                 
                 to
                 its
                 Kind
                 ;
                 some
                 on
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 others
                 in
                 Valleys
                 ;
                 some
                 by
                 Water-sides
                 ,
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 Woods
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 warm
                 Wing
                 of
                 the
                 Dam
                 ,
                 now
                 supplying
                 the
                 Want
                 of
                 a
                 warm
                 Sun-beam
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 as
                 the
                 Wing
                 Hatcheth
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Shells
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 strengthens
                 and
                 nourishes
                 them
                 by
                 Vital
                 Incubations
                 ,
                 till
                 their
                 Pinions
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 seek
                 their
                 own
                 Food
                 :
                 Thus
                 the
                 Wing
                 is
                 both
                 the
                 Midwife
                 that
                 brings
                 them
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nurse
                 that
                 brings
                 them
                 up
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               the
               Terrene
               ,
               or
               Viviparous
               Animals
               .
            
             
               AFter
               the
               Production
               of
               these
               Animals
               of
               a
               lower
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               Perfection
               ,
               and
               the
               Sun
               was
               advanc'd
               higher
               in
               his
               Annual
               Motion
               ,
               which
               Darting
               down
               his
               warm
               Beams
               upon
               the
               Earth
               in
               a
               more
               direct
               Line
               ,
               they
               did
               penetrate
               deeper
               into
               the
               Cold
               Matter
               ;
               and
               by
               drawing
               forth
               its
               Fertile
               Spirits
               towards
               the
               Skin
               or
               Surface
               
               of
               it
               ,
               they
               set
               the
               Plastick
               power
               on
               working
               ,
               and
               modifying
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               into
               more
               noble
               Forms
               ;
               which
               by
               their
               Sympathetical
               Charms
               drew
               down
               the
               Specifick
               Forms
               of
               the
               most
               perfect
               Animals
               within
               the
               Second
               Sphere
               of
               Life
               .
            
             
               For
               in
               every
               little
               Pit
               or
               Hollow
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               being
               fill'd
               with
               Luxuriant
               and
               Prolifick
               Slime
               was
               kindl'd
               by
               the
               Vivifick
               Vertue
               of
               the
               Seminal
               Form
               ,
               a
               little
               bubble
               of
               Life
               ,
               which
               the
               Plastick
               power
               began
               to
               shape
               into
               the
               Form
               or
               Figure
               of
               an
               Animal
               .
            
             
               And
               thus
               was
               the
               numerous
               Brood
               of
               Quadrupedes
               ,
               [
               being
               Animals
               of
               the
               most
               perfect
               Kind
               ]
               first
               Conceiv'd
               in
               the
               warm
               and
               moist
               womb
               of
               Modified
               Matter
               ,
               nourish'd
               by
               sucking
               in
               the
               Luxuriant
               and
               Prolifick
               Slime
               ;
               which
               by
               their
               Vital
               Heat
               they
               digested
               and
               distributed
               into
               the
               several
               Parts
               and
               Members
               of
               their
               Bodies
               increasing
               of
               them
               by
               an
               equal
               assimulation
               of
               Parts
               ;
               and
               as
               soon
               as
               these
               young
               Embrio's
               had
               got
               strength
               ,
               they
               Crawl'd
               out
               of
               their
               warm
               Nests
               of
               Matter
               ,
               and
               began
               to
               suck
               in
               those
               Honey
               Dews
               ,
               and
               lick
               up
               that
               sweet
               Manna
               which
               
               laid
               upon
               the
               Grass
               and
               Herbs
               ,
               and
               this
               supply'd
               to
               them
               the
               want
               of
               Maternal
               Milk
               and
               Nourishment
               .
            
             
               For
               during
               the
               time
               of
               these
               Productions
               ,
               God
               neither
               suffer'd
               it
               to
               Rain
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               nor
               the
               Winds
               to
               blow
               ,
               lest
               this
               Infant
               Brood
               of
               Young
               Animals
               shou'd
               have
               been
               destroy'd
               ,
               before
               the
               Birds
               got
               Wing
               ,
               or
               ●he
               Beasts
               Foot
               and
               strength
               to
               defend
               themselves
               against
               a
               Storm
               ;
               but
               there
               went
               up
               only
               a
               Mist
               from
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               water'd
               the
               whole
               Face
               of
               the
               Ground
               .
               
               And
               this
               Mist
               was
               only
               a
               warm
               and
               moist
               Smother
               ,
               which
               arose
               from
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               we
               observe
               it
               to
               rise
               from
               the
               Furrows
               in
               the
               Spring
               ,
               Months
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Morning
               Sun-Beams
               ,
               and
               these
               Clouds
               which
               did
               Swim
               in
               the
               Air
               ,
               only
               serv'd
               for
               Umbrello's
               and
               Parasoli
               to
               screen
               those
               Infant
               Animals
               from
               being
               scorch'd
               by
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               from
               drying
               up
               their
               Food
               and
               Nourishment
               .
            
             
               The
               Earth
               being
               now
               Stock'd
               with
               the
               several
               Kinds
               of
               Animals
               ,
               contain'd
               under
               the
               Sensitive
               Genus
               ,
               they
               did
               Propagate
               their
               Kinds
               by
               Univocal
               Generation
               .
               For
               which
               end
               Nature
               and
               Providence
               hath
               form'd
               several
               
               Vessels
               of
               Slime-Pits
               in
               every
               Female
               ,
               for
               preserving
               something
               Analogous
               to
               that
               Original
               Slime
               ,
               which
               was
               then
               the
               Passive
               Principle
               of
               Generation
               ,
               and
               likewise
               in
               every
               Male
               such
               Vessels
               as
               are
               most
               fit
               and
               commodious
               for
               preserving
               a
               Beam
               or
               Spark
               of
               the
               Aetherial
               Flame
               [
               which
               being
               the
               material
               Vehicle
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Specifick
               Form
               is
               preserv'd
               ]
               kindles
               the
               first
               buble
               of
               Life
               in
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               .
            
             
               And
               we
               observe
               that
               as
               soon
               as
               Age
               and
               Maturity
               hath
               fill'd
               these
               Seminal
               Vessels
               with
               this
               Prolifick
               Slime
               ,
               and
               digest'd
               it
               into
               a
               right
               Degree
               of
               Heat
               and
               Temperature
               ,
               the
               Females
               of
               every
               Kind
               or
               Species
               of
               Animals
               ,
               begin
               to
               Prune
               ,
               Dress
               and
               Trim
               themselves
               ,
               by
               which
               modest
               way
               of
               Courtship
               ,
               the
               Male
               is
               drawn
               and
               Charm'd
               to
               within
               their
               Sympathetical
               Spheres
               :
               Thus
               the
               Evening
               and
               the
               Morning
               ,
               or
               the
               Sympathetical
               Union
               of
               the
               Active
               Form
               and
               Passive
               Matter
               ,
               made
               the
               Fifth
               Production
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               the
               Creation
               of
               Man
               ,
               the
               Sixth
               Production
               .
            
             
               THE
               Earth
               being
               now
               cover'd
               with
               the
               great
               variety
               of
               Species
               ,
               contain'd
               under
               the
               Genus
               of
               Vegetation
               ,
               the
               Waters
               replenish'd
               with
               all
               Kinds
               of
               Fish
               ,
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               Plains
               and
               Valleys
               Stock'd
               with
               Herds
               and
               Flocks
               of
               all
               Kinds
               of
               Cattle
               :
               God
               did
               once
               more
               Modifie
               the
               Passive
               Matter
               into
               a
               more
               noble
               and
               excellent
               Form
               ,
               not
               only
               capacitated
               to
               receiv●
               the
               lower
               Degrees
               of
               the
               Animal
               Life
               :
               but
               also
               fitted
               with
               Organs
               to
               entertain
               an
               Intellectual
               Soul
               ,
               which
               
               Moses
               ●ells
               us
               God
               Breath'd
               into
               it
               :
               It
               being
               impossible
               for
               Matter
               ,
               tho'
               never
               so
               curiously
               Modifi'd
               by
               the
               Plastick
               Spirit
               of
               Nature
               and
               the
               joint
               Concurrence
               of
               the
               Coelestial
               Influences
               to
               draw
               down
               by
               the
               power
               of
               any
               Material
               Sympathy
               a
               Soul
               out
               of
               the
               Immaterial
               and
               Intellectual
               Spheres
               of
               Life
               to
               Animate
               and
               Enform
               it
               .
            
             
             
               And
               this
               Noble
               Creature
               God
               call'd
               Man
               ,
               being
               made
               not
               only
               after
               his
               own
               Image
               ,
               Spiritual
               and
               Immortal
               ;
               but
               also
               after
               his
               Similitude
               (
               viz
               )
               Endow'd
               with
               all
               the
               Affections
               and
               Communicable
               Attributes
               of
               the
               Divine
               Nature
               ,
               by
               which
               he
               became
               capable
               not
               only
               of
               disclosing
               the
               Secret
               Mysteries
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               of
               diving
               into
               its
               Deep
               Philosophy
               ;
               but
               also
               of
               Knowing
               and
               Adoring
               his
               Creator
               ;
               by
               which
               Perogatives
               of
               his
               Birth
               ,
               and
               Noble
               Extraction
               ,
               he
               became
               Qualifi'd
               for
               being
               his
               Creator's
               Vicegerent
               upon
               Earth
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Conclusion
               .
               Wherein
               is
               shewn
               the
               meaning
               and
               significancy
               of
               these
               Words
               .
               And
               God
               saw
               every
               thing
               that
               he
               had
               made
               ,
               and
               behold
               it
               was
               very
               good
               .
            
             
               THat
               God
               ,
               who
               is
               Infinite
               in
               Goodness
               and
               all
               Perfections
               ,
               cannot
               be
               the
               Author
               or
               Producer
               of
               any
               thing
               ,
               but
               what
               is
               Good
               and
               Perfect
               in
               its
               Kind
               ,
               hath
               been
               always
               assum'd
               as
               a
               granted
               Principle
               ,
               not
               only
               by
               the
               best
               of
               Divines
               ,
               but
               even
               the
               generality
               of
               Pagan
               Philosophers
               :
               Yet
               Moses
               ,
               notwithstanding
               this
               ,
               foreseeing
               that
               this
               excellent
               Frame
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               which
               was
               design'd
               on
               purpose
               to
               bring
               all
               reasonable
               Creatures
               to
               the
               Knowledge
               and
               Veneration
               of
               their
               Creator
               ,
               wou'd
               be
               perverted
               to
               contrary
               Ends
               and
               Effects
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Production
               of
               all
               the
               Creatures
               might
               be
               ascrib'd
               wholly
               to
               Second
               Causes
               ,
               or
               to
               no
               Cause
               at
               all
               ;
               but
               to
               
               Chance
               and
               to
               the
               casual
               Motion
               of
               Matt●r
               ,
               for
               the
               prevention
               of
               which
               ,
               he
               here
               brings
               in
               the
               Almighty
               
                 more
                 Humano
              
               taking
               an
               exact
               View
               and
               Survey
               of
               the
               whole
               Creation
               ,
               both
               as
               to
               its
               Structure
               and
               Furniture
               ,
               and
               giving
               it
               his
               Divine
               Approbation
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 and
                 he
                 saw
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 behold
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 good
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               Goodness
               of
               the
               Creatures
               do
               Principally
               consist
               in
               these
               Four
               Particulars
               .
            
             
               
               In
               their
               Correspondency
               and
               Agreement
               with
               those
               Patterns
               and
               Ideas
               preconceiv'd
               in
               the
               Divine
               Understanding
               .
            
             
               
               In
               their
               Fitness
               and
               Suitableness
               for
               those
               misplaid
               Ends
               and
               Purposes
               for
               which
               they
               were
               Created
               .
            
             
               
               In
               their
               being
               Good
               and
               Perfect
               in
               their
               several
               Kinds
               .
            
             
               
               In
               the
               Regular
               keeping
               and
               observing
               those
               Rules
               given
               them
               at
               their
               Creation
               .
            
             
               
               Th●t
               this
               Infinite
               variety
               of
               Orders
               ,
               Shapes
               and
               Figures
               ,
               by
               which
               the
               several
               Species
               of
               Creatures
               are
               Charact●riz'd
               and
               Distinguish'd
               ,
               are
               not
               the
               Effects
               of
               blind
               Chance
               or
               Casual
               Motion
               ,
               but
               t●e
               Products
               of
               Infinite
               Power
               ,
               
               Wisdom
               and
               Counsel
               ,
               will
               be
               clear
               and
               evident
               ,
               if
               we
               carefully
               observe
               ,
               that
               not
               only
               their
               Numbers
               ,
               Shapes
               and
               Figures
               ;
               but
               also
               their
               whole
               Contextures
               and
               Contemperation
               of
               parts
               ,
               with
               their
               Natures
               and
               Qualities
               ,
               have
               all
               of
               them
               a
               manifest
               relation
               to
               those
               several
               Uses
               and
               Operations
               they
               perform
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               so
               fairly
               Illustrated
               and
               Prov'd
               by
               the
               Ing●nious
               and
               Leaned
               Mr.
               Ray
               ,
               in
               his
               Treatise
               concerning
               the
               Wisdom
               and
               Providence
               of
               G●d
               in
               the
               Creation
               of
               the
               World
               ;
               that
               a
               ●urther
               enlargement
               upon
               this
               Argument
               ,
               wou'd
               be
               wholly
               superfluous
               .
            
             
               That
               all
               Creatures
               are
               Good
               and
               Perfect
               in
               their
               Kind
               ,
               will
               appear
               ,
               
               if
               we
               consider
               that
               it
               was
               most
               agreeable
               with
               the
               Divine
               Wisdom
               ,
               that
               the
               whole
               Scheme
               and
               System
               of
               Nature
               ,
               shou'd
               consist
               in
               different
               Degrees
               of
               Perfection
               and
               Subordination
               of
               Life
               :
               And
               that
               every
               Inferior
               Spe●ies
               shou'd
               be
               Concatenated
               to
               its
               Superior
               by
               Animals
               of
               an
               Intermediate
               Nature
               ,
            
             
               And
               yet
               notwithstanding
               this
               difference
               amongst
               the
               Creatures
               in
               Degrees
               of
               Life
               and
               Perfection
               ,
               we
               cannot
               but
               observe
               ,
               that
               every
               Creature
               even
               of
               the
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               is
               Good
               and
               
               Perfect
               in
               its
               Kind
               (
               viz
               )
               without
               any
               blemish
               ,
               defect
               or
               flaw
               ;
               for
               the
               meanest
               Insect
               ,
               is
               as
               perfect
               an
               Animal
               ,
               as
               the
               Elephant
               and
               Whale
               ,
               and
               God's
               Wisdom
               and
               Power
               is
               as
               well
               to
               be
               Admir'd
               in
               the
               Paint
               upon
               the
               Butterflie's
               Wing
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Glorious
               Body
               of
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
               Again
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               more
               agreeable
               with
               the
               Divine
               Wisdom
               ,
               than
               that
               there
               shou'd
               be
               in
               so
               great
               a
               variety
               of
               Creatures
               ,
               Degrees
               of
               Subordination
               and
               Perfection
               ,
               will
               yet
               further
               appear
               if
               we
               consider
            
             
               
               That
               these
               Creatures
               of
               a
               lower
               Degree
               of
               Perfection
               do
               by
               comparison
               Illustrate
               and
               commend
               those
               of
               a
               higher
               Degree
               .
            
             
               That
               those
               Regular
               Subserviencies
               and
               Harmonies
               might
               make
               up
               a
               Vital
               Cement
               whereby
               the
               whole
               Frame
               and
               Structure
               shou'd
               be
               United
               .
               
            
             
               It
               was
               nec●ssary
               that
               there
               shou'd
               be
               variety
               of
               Natures
               ,
               
               and
               different
               Degrees
               of
               Life
               ,
               that
               the
               Wisdom
               of
               the
               Creator
               might
               be
               the
               more
               Display'd
               ,
               Acknowledg'd
               and
               Celebrated
               ,
               and
               that
               his
               Infinite
               and
               Universal
               Goodness
               might
               be
               more
               Visible
               in
               the
               supplying
               and
               providing
               for
               the
               Wants
               of
               
               so
               vast
               a
               number
               of
               Creatures
               of
               so
               different
               Natures
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               That
               Man
               being
               pla●'d
               at
               so
               great
               a
               distance
               from
               the
               Beatisick
               Vision
               [
               which
               whilst
               he
               continues
               in
               this
               Compounded
               State
               ,
               wou'd
               either
               have
               Dazl'd
               or
               Confounded
               his
               Sight
               ,
               or
               Affright'd
               and
               Ravish'd
               his
               Soul
               out
               of
               his
               Body
               ]
               it
               pleas'd
               therefore
               the
               Divine
               Wisdom
               to
               Create
               all
               this
               great
               variety
               of
               Creatures
               that
               he
               might
               behold
               his
               Creator
               at
               Second-hand
               ,
               when
               his
               Bodily
               Eyes
               cou'd
               not
               bear
               the
               sight
               of
               Him
               at
               the
               first
               .
            
             
               And
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               he
               might
               exercise
               and
               improve
               his
               Rational
               Faculties
               ,
               
               and
               entertain
               his
               Heaven-born
               Soul
               with
               Natural
               as
               well
               as
               Divine
               Speculations
               ,
               which
               in
               some
               measure
               Compensates
               for
               the
               want
               of
               a
               clearer
               sight
               of
               the
               Divine
               Vision
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               altho'
               it
               must
               be
               granted
               that
               in
               those
               different
               Degrees
               of
               Perfection
               all
               are
               not
               alike
               Amiable
               ,
               Lovely
               and
               Beneficial
               to
               Man
               ;
               yet
               those
               that
               are
               the
               less
               Beautiful
               and
               Lovely
               sets
               off
               the
               Beauty
               of
               the
               rest
               ,
               as
               Shadows
               set
               off
               the
               more
               lively
               Colours
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               That
               the
               goodness
               of
               the
               Creature
               ,
               
               does
               consist
               in
               its
               fitness
               for
               
               those
               Ends
               and
               Purposes
               for
               which
               it
               was
               Created
               will
               appear
               ,
               if
               we
               consider
               that
               it
               cannot
               be
               easily
               imagin'd
               ,
               that
               God
               who
               is
               Infinite
               in
               Wisdom
               and
               Goodness
               ,
               shou'd
               Create
               any
               thing
               in
               Vain
               ;
               but
               to
               good
               Ends
               ,
               and
               the
               best
               of
               Purposes
               .
            
             
               We
               therefore
               in
               the
               Nature
               of
               Things
               can
               discover
               Infinite
               agreeableness
               of
               this
               to
               that
               ,
               and
               of
               one
               thing
               to
               another
               .
               And
               though
               we
               cannot
               throughly
               penetrate
               and
               discover
               the
               Relation
               Use
               and
               End
               ,
               of
               every
               Thing
               in
               Nature
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               our
               Incapacity
               ,
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Darkness
               of
               that
               State
               we
               live
               in
               ;
               yet
               we
               have
               reason
               from
               what
               we
               can
               discover
               ,
               to
               conclude
               ,
               That
               every
               thing
               was
               Created
               for
               good
               Ends
               and
               particular
               Uses
               :
            
             
               For
               ,
               first
               of
               all
               ,
               we
               do
               observe
               that
               every
               Inferior
               Creature
               was
               subservient
               to
               its
               Superior
               :
               And
               all
               the
               Creatures
               subservient
               to
               Man
               ;
               altho
               our
               Ignoranc●
               in
               this
               Dark
               and
               Degenerate
               State
               ,
               has
               made
               us
               uncapable
               of
               Understanding
               their
               Natures
               and
               Uses
               .
            
             
               
               Secondly
               ,
               We
               observe
               that
               every
               Element
               is
               fitt'd
               for
               its
               Animal
               ,
               and
               every
               Animal
               for
               its
               proper
               Element
               .
            
             
             
               We
               observe
               that
               every
               Object
               is
               fitted
               for
               its
               Sense
               ,
               
               and
               every
               Sense
               to
               its
               proper
               Object
               .
            
             
               We
               observe
               that
               Food
               and
               Nourishment
               is
               provided
               in
               Nature's
               S●ore-house
               for
               every
               Animal
               ,
               
               and
               every
               Animal
               for
               its
               proper
               Food
               and
               Nourishment
               .
            
             
               These
               being
               trite
               and
               common
               Topicks
               ,
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               to
               those
               Authors
               who
               have
               made
               it
               their
               Business
               to
               enlarge
               upon
               them
               :
               I
               shall
               proceed
               therefore
               to
               shew
               how
               in
               the
               last
               place
               ,
               the
               goodness
               of
               the
               Creatures
               consist
               in
               observing
               and
               keeping
               of
               those
               Laws
               given
               them
               at
               their
               Creation
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Almighty
               had
               Created
               the
               World
               ,
               
               and
               Stock'd
               it
               with
               several
               Ranks
               and
               Degrees
               o●
               Creatures
               ,
               He
               gave
               them
               Laws
               to
               keep
               ,
               and
               Rules
               to
               walk
               by
               :
               And
               these
               we
               call
               the
               regular
               Course
               of
               Nature
               ,
               from
               which
               they
               never
               vary
               unless
               at
               their
               Creator's
               Command
               .
            
             
               These
               Laws
               which
               all
               the
               Creatures
               are
               govern'd
               by
               ,
               are
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   
                     A
                     Divine
                     Impression
                  
                   ;
                   Or
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   
                     Natural
                     Instinct
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   
                     External
                     Senses
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   
                     The
                     Laws
                     and
                     Rules
                     of
                     Natural
                     Reason
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               
               1.
               
               The
               Inanimate
               Creatures
               ,
               are
               govern'd
               by
               a
               Divine
               Impression
               ;
               for
               if
               we
               look
               up
               to
               Heaven
               ,
               we
               observe
               how
               the
               Sun
               ,
               Moon
               and
               all
               the
               Aetherial
               Globes
               do
               perform
               their
               Natural
               Motions
               ,
               from
               which
               they
               have
               not
               vary'd
               higher
               or
               lower
               ,
               faster
               or
               slower
               ,
               since
               their
               first
               Creation
               ;
               and
               how
               they
               shed
               forth
               their
               Coelestial
               Influences
               on
               all
               things
               here
               below
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               If
               we
               look
               downward
               ,
               we
               may
               observe
               ,
               how
               this
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               consisting
               of
               dull
               and
               stupid
               Matter
               ,
               turnes
               about
               its
               own
               Centre
               ,
               and
               Naturally
               ,
               Constantly
               and
               Regularly
               performs
               its
               Diurnal
               Motion
               ,
               its
               cold
               sides
               ●her●by
               receiving
               th●
               warm
               Influence
               of
               the
               Co●l●stial
               Bodies
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               We
               may
               obse●ve
               ,
               that
               those
               ●●eak
               a●d
               groveling
               Plants
               (
               viz.
               )
               the
               Hop
               ,
               Vi●e
               and
               Ivy
               ,
               are
               by
               Nature
               〈◊〉
               with
               ●endrils
               or
               pliant
               Strings
               ,
               and
               how
               by
               a
               Natural
               kind
               of
               Instinct
               they
               seek
               about
               for
               Supporters
               ,
               and
               having
               found
               them
               ,
               they
               Clasp
               about
               them
               ;
               for
               all
               the
               Plants
               of
               this
               Kind
               ,
               as
               〈◊〉
               they
               were
               sensibe
               of
               their
               being
               ,
               Adjective
               ,
               are
               always
               in
               busie
               quest
               for
               their
               Substan●ive
               .
            
             
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               We
               may
               observe
               how
               the
               
               Insects
               ,
               those
               Animals
               of
               the
               lowest
               Degree
               of
               Life
               ,
               propagate
               and
               preserve
               their
               Kind
               by
               Natural
               Instinct
               ,
               which
               in
               them
               supplies
               the
               want
               of
               higher
               Degrees
               of
               Sense
               ;
               
               for
               with
               what
               curiosity
               do
               the
               Bees
               make
               their
               waxen
               Cells
               ,
               lay
               in
               their
               Winter
               Provision
               ,
               and
               how
               obedient
               they
               are
               to
               their
               Master
               Bees
               or
               Governors
               ?
               With
               what
               wonderful
               Art
               does
               the
               Spider
               Spin
               his
               Web
               out
               of
               his
               own
               Bowels
               ?
               With
               what
               care
               and
               industry
               does
               the
               little
               Ant
               first
               make
               her
               Store
               house
               in
               some
               dry
               Hill
               ,
               then
               seeks
               about
               for
               Winter
               provisions
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Corn
               and
               Seed
               she
               gathers
               may
               not
               grow
               nor
               sprout
               in
               her
               Store-house
               ,
               she
               Eats
               off
               that
               end
               where
               the
               Seminal
               Form
               is
               lodg'd
               .
            
             
               Fifthly
               ,
               We
               may
               observe
               how
               all
               those
               
               Winter
               Sleepers
               ,
               who
               when
               their
               Summers
               Provisions
               are
               spent
               ,
               and
               by
               their
               Natural
               Instinct
               they
               foresee
               the
               Winter's
               Frost
               approaching
               ,
               do
               withdraw
               into
               some
               warm
               Winter-quarters
               ,
               where
               they
               Live
               by
               Sleeping
               ,
               till
               the
               approaching
               Sun
               invite
               them
               out
               into
               the
               Fields
               .
            
             
               Sixthly
               ,
               we
               may
               observe
               with
               what
               
               wonderful
               Art
               and
               Curiosity
               the
               smallest
               Birds
               build
               their
               Nests
               of
               several
               
               form●
               suitable
               to
               their
               Weakness
               or
               Strength
               ▪
               how
               when
               their
               Nests
               are
               Built
               ,
               they
               lay
               their
               Eggs
               ,
               Hatch
               them
               with
               their
               Wings
               ,
               and
               then
               Feed
               them
               till
               they
               get
               strength
               to
               Fly
               abroad
               ,
               and
               seek
               their
               own
               Meat
               ;
               we
               may
               further
               observe
               ,
               that
               all
               those
               Creatures
               that
               are
               govern'd
               by
               the
               Laws
               of
               Natural
               Instinct
               ,
               never
               varies
               in
               their
               Operations
               ;
               but
               walk
               in
               the
               same
               Roads
               and
               pursue
               the
               same
               Methods
               .
            
             
               
               Seventhly
               ,
               We
               may
               observe
               how
               those
               Animals
               that
               are
               Govern'd
               both
               by
               Sense
               and
               Instinct
               do
               Prepagate
               their
               Kinds
               ,
               
               and
               how
               they
               are
               all
               provided
               with
               Natural
               Armour
               for
               self-preservation
               :
               We
               may
               also
               observe
               amongst
               those
               Animals
               of
               a
               higher
               Degree
               of
               Sense
               such
               instances
               of
               Love
               and
               Hatred
               ,
               as
               are
               seldom
               practis'd
               by
               the
               most
               Passionate
               Lovers
               ,
               or
               the
               most
               Malicious
               Haters
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               known
               and
               heard
               of
               Dogs
               and
               other
               ●re●tures
               ,
               that
               have
               pin'd
               away
               ●nd
               Dy'd
               for
               want
               of
               their
               Masters
               ▪
               And
               others
               also
               that
               have
               born
               such
               an
               impl●cable
               Antipathy
               against
               some
               particular
               Persons
               ,
               as
               was
               never
               to
               be
               reconcil'd
               .
            
             
             
               Eighthly
               ,
               and
               Lastly
               ,
               I
               might
               instance
               
               in
               those
               excell●nt
               Laws
               of
               Prudence
               and
               Reason
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               those
               of
               the
               Divine
               Life
               ,
               which
               God
               imprinted
               upon
               the
               Nature
               of
               Man
               ,
               before
               they
               were
               obliterat'd
               and
               defac'd
               by
               Sense
               .
            
             
               Thus
               all
               the
               Creatures
               ,
               M●n
               only
               excepted
               ,
               continue
               still
               under
               the
               government
               of
               those
               Laws
               given
               them
               at
               their
               first
               Creation
               .
            
             
               This
               may
               seem
               sufficient
               to
               Convince
               the
               most
               profess'd
               Atheist
               ,
               who
               is
               not
               resolv'd
               to
               offer
               violence
               to
               his
               Natural
               Sense
               as
               well
               as
               Reason
               ,
               That
               there
               is
               a
               God
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               World
               with
               all
               its
               Furniture
               ,
               was
               the
               Product
               of
               the
               Divine
               Power
               ,
               Wisdom
               and
               Counsel
               .
            
          
           
             The
             End
             of
             the
             Second
             Part.
             
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
           
             A
             DISCOURSE
             Concerning
             the
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             ,
             Shewing
             how
             ADAM
             was
             Introduced
             into
             it
             :
             The
             time
             he
             continued
             in
             it
             ;
             and
             how
             He
             and
             EVE
             Employed
             that
             Time.
             
          
        
         
           
           
           
             A
             DISCOURSE
             Concerning
             the
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             ,
             Shewing
             how
             ADAM
             Was
             Introduced
             into
             it
             .
          
           
             SEveral
             Men
             of
             great
             Learning
             ▪
             as
             well
             Ancient
             as
             Modern
             ,
             have
             made
             most
             Industrious
             Enquities
             ,
             after
             the
             place
             and
             situation
             of
             this
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             ;
             of
             which
             Moses
             has
             given
             us
             so
             particular
             a
             Description
             in
             his
             Second
             ●hapter
             of
             Genesis
             .
          
           
             And
             their
             Opinions
             about
             it
             ,
             being
             as
             different
             and
             wide
             ,
             as
             East
             and
             Wes●
             ,
             Heaven
             and
             Earth
             ▪
             We
             shall
             therefore
             
             only
             undertake
             ,
             to
             present
             the
             Reader
             with
             some
             Conclusions
             ,
             drawn
             ,
             as
             well
             from
             the
             fairest
             Arguments
             of
             probability
             ,
             as
             from
             the
             Mosaick
             Account
             of
             the
             place
             .
          
           
             
             And
             first
             we
             Conclude
             from
             the
             Literal
             Sense
             of
             the
             Text
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             such
             a
             place
             upon
             Earth
             ,
             as
             a
             Local
             Paradise
             ;
             and
             that
             this
             place
             ,
             did
             as
             far
             exceed
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             in
             Fertility
             of
             Soil
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Products
             of
             Nature
             ,
             as
             Gardens
             of
             the
             best
             Cultivation
             ,
             exceed
             the
             common
             Fields
             .
          
           
             
             We
             Collect
             from
             the
             Literal
             Sense
             ,
             that
             this
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             Iudea
             or
             Midian
             [
             where
             we
             suppose
             Moses
             Writ
             this
             System
             of
             the
             Creation
             ]
             was
             Eastward
             .
          
           
             
             That
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Surface
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             its
             particular
             Situation
             was
             misplaced
             in
             a
             Middle
             between
             the
             Tops
             of
             the
             highest
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             the
             lower
             Plains
             and
             Valleys
             .
          
           
             
             That
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Heavens
             ,
             its
             Situation
             was
             under
             the
             Aequinoctial
             Line
             .
          
           
             These
             two
             last
             Hypothesis's
             having
             no
             authority
             from
             the
             Sacred
             Scripture
             ,
             we
             shall
             endeavour
             to
             ground
             them
             ;
             not
             only
             upon
             the
             bare
             Account
             which
             
             Tranellus
             has
             given
             of
             the
             Fertility
             of
             those
             Aequinoctial
             Regions
             ,
             but
             also
             upon
             such
             Natural
             Arguments
             as
             cannot
             [
             without
             offering
             violence
             to
             Reason
             if
             self
             ]
             be
             easily
             deny'd
             .
          
           
             For
             notwithstanding
             ,
             that
             several
             of
             the
             Ancient
             Writers
             ,
             were
             of
             Opinion
             that
             those
             Countries
             ,
             under
             the
             Torrid
             Zone
             ,
             were
             Uninhabitable
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Sun
             's
             darting
             down
             its
             fiery
             Globuli
             upon
             them
             in
             down-right
             Lines
             :
             And
             because
             they
             wanted
             those
             plentiful
             and
             pleasant
             Showers
             of
             Rain
             ,
             which
             Fertiliz'd
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Habitable
             World
             ;
             yet
             the
             Experience
             of
             later
             Travallers
             hath
             discover'd
             to
             us
             ,
             first
             that
             the
             want
             of
             Rain
             is
             repair'd
             by
             those
             
             great
             and
             rich
             Dews
             ,
             which
             the
             Morning-cold
             Condenseth
             ,
             and
             which
             lying
             upon
             the
             Ground
             until
             Ten
             a
             Clock
             ,
             the
             Sun's
             Influence
             upon
             it
             ,
             having
             then
             exhal'd
             the
             more
             Nitrons
             and
             Airy
             part
             of
             it
             ;
             the
             Sphere
             of
             Rarefaction
             [
             which
             in
             those
             Regions
             falls
             low
             ,
             and
             is
             always
             open
             ]
             Rarifies
             it
             into
             such
             cool
             Gales
             ,
             and
             Briezes
             of
             Wind
             [
             which
             always
             Blowing
             from
             Ten
             a
             Clock
             in
             the
             Morning
             until
             Three
             in
             the
             Afternoon
             ]
             so
             cools
             and
             abates
             the
             extremity
             
             of
             the
             Heat
             ;
             that
             no
             Inconvenience
             or
             Distemp●eture
             is
             found
             there
             .
          
           
             
             Again
             ,
             the
             Nights
             [
             as
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Raleigh
            
             has
             Observ'd
             in
             his
             Trav●ls
             ]
             are
             so
             Cool
             ,
             Fresh
             and
             Equal
             ,
             by
             re●son
             of
             the
             intire
             Interposition
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             not
             to
             be
             found
             i●
             any
             part
             of
             the
             Habitable
             World
             a
             better
             ,
             more
             wholsome
             ,
             or
             equal
             Temper
             of
             Air.
             
          
           
             And
             although
             there
             be
             some
             Tracts
             ,
             which
             lye
             under
             the
             Perpendicular
             Mountains
             where
             the
             Air
             Stagnates
             ,
             the
             fresh
             Gales
             and
             Briezes
             of
             Wind
             over-blowing
             them
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             places
             Sandy
             ,
             Barren
             and
             less
             Inhabited
             ,
             yet
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             those
             Regions
             [
             especially
             the
             Dales
             ,
             which
             lying
             above
             the
             Plains
             and
             lower
             Valleys
             ,
             have
             always
             their
             Air
             Brush'd
             and
             Swee●n'd
             with
             these
             fresh
             Briezes
             of
             Wind
             ;
             and
             are
             plentifully
             water'd
             ,
             with
             Rapid
             Rivolets
             arising
             from
             the
             Tops
             and
             Sides
             of
             their
             Neighbou●ing
             Mountains
             .
          
           
             And
             these
             as
             well
             as
             ●he
             Plains
             and
             Valleys
             ,
             are
             Beautify'd
             with
             abundance
             of
             stately
             Cedars
             ,
             and
             other
             Trees
             ,
             casting
             a
             pleasant
             Shade
             ,
             and
             delightful
             Fragrancy
             .
          
           
           
             They
             are
             enrich'd
             too
             with
             all
             ●orts
             of
             most
             delicate
             Fruit-trees
             ,
             always
             Green
             ,
             and
             bearing
             the
             choi●est
             Fruit
             in
             their
             highest
             Degree
             of
             Perfection
             .
             Their
             Boughs
             and
             Branches
             are
             never
             uncloath'd
             and
             left
             naked
             ;
             for
             their
             Sap
             never
             creeps
             under
             Ground
             fearing
             the
             Winter
             Frosts
             .
          
           
             To
             these
             Accounts
             which
             we
             have
             
             from
             Travellers
             of
             the
             greatest
             Truth
             ●nd
             Fidelity
             ;
             we
             further
             add
             ,
             That
             as
             all
             the
             flat
             Strata
             or
             Layers
             of
             Stones
             ,
             Metals
             ,
             and
             Sub●erranean
             Earths
             ,
             have
             a
             Natural
             Rise
             toward
             this
             middle
             Girdle
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             a
             gradual
             Declivity
             towards
             the
             two
             Poles
             (
             which
             all
             Mineralists
             ,
             who
             understand
             the
             Structure
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             the
             position
             of
             the
             solid
             Strata
             willingly
             agree
             to
             )
             we
             may
             thence
             most
             reasonably
             Collect
             ,
             that
             these
             Aequinoctial
             Regions
             were
             the
             ●irst
             dry
             Land
             that
             appear'd
             after
             the
             Waters
             began
             to
             divide
             and
             decrease
             .
          
           
             We
             yet
             further
             subjoin
             ,
             that
             as
             this
             
             middle
             Girdle
             upon
             the
             Earth
             ,
             lies
             parallel
             to
             that
             middle
             Circle
             in
             t●e
             Heavens
             [
             we
             call
             the
             Sodiack
             ]
             through
             which
             the
             Sun
             performs
             its
             Annual
             Course
             ,
             we
             Collect
             that
             it
             ,
             with
             th●
             
             adjoining
             Regions
             ,
             received
             the
             first
             and
             largest
             Influence
             of
             the
             Sun's
             Enlivening
             Vegetation
             ,
             and
             consequently
             were
             Stored
             with
             the
             first
             Products
             of
             Nature
             ;
             as
             well
             Animals
             ,
             as
             Vegetables
             .
             So
             that
             in
             all
             probability
             ,
             there
             might
             be
             Ripe
             Fruit
             in
             Paradise
             ,
             before
             those
             other
             Regions
             towards
             the
             Tropicks
             and
             Poles
             were
             drain'd
             from
             the
             Waters
             ,
             or
             receiv'd
             the
             Sun's
             Vegetation
             according
             to
             their
             Natural
             Seasons
             .
          
           
             Again
             ,
             as
             these
             Aequinoctial
             Regions
             
             produced
             all
             Kinds
             of
             Vegetables
             and
             Animals
             in
             the
             highest
             Degree
             of
             Perfection
             their
             Natures
             were
             Capable
             of
             :
             So
             they
             did
             ,
             and
             do
             to
             this
             Day
             afford
             us
             not
             only
             the
             greatest
             plenty
             of
             the
             most
             Precious
             Stones
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             most
             Valuable
             and
             Useful
             Metals
             ,
             as
             Gold
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             Brass
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             &c.
             and
             this
             is
             not
             only
             evident
             from
             the
             Mosaick
             Account
             of
             the
             Rivers
             of
             Paradise
             ;
             but
             the
             Experience
             of
             those
             Merchants
             ,
             who
             being
             tempted
             by
             their
             Value
             ,
             Trade
             thither
             .
          
           
             
             Once
             more
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             most
             probable
             ,
             that
             these
             Aequinoctial
             Regions
             were
             the
             first
             dry
             Land
             ,
             that
             they
             receiv'd
             the
             first
             Enlivening
             Vegetation
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             were
             honour'd
             
             with
             the
             first
             products
             of
             Nature
             ;
             so
             it
             is
             most
             agreeable
             with
             Reason
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             Regions
             upon
             Earth
             are
             more
             or
             less
             Paradisaical
             ,
             as
             their
             Situations
             are
             nearer
             or
             at
             a
             distance
             from
             this
             middle
             Zone
             ,
             and
             that
             from
             Paradise
             they
             were
             first
             Stock'd
             with
             the
             several
             Products
             of
             Nature
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             Genera
             of
             Animals
             ;
             which
             began
             to
             Propagate
             their
             Kinds
             there
             ,
             until
             the
             Earth
             was
             Replenish'd
             .
             Altho'
             its
             most
             probable
             ,
             that
             they
             did
             degenerate
             from
             their
             Original
             Perfection
             as
             their
             Propagations
             were
             at
             a
             distance
             from
             Paradise
             .
          
           
             As
             from
             these
             Arguments
             we
             Collect
             
             and
             Conclude
             ,
             that
             the
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             was
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Heavens
             Situated
             under
             the
             Aequinoctial
             Line
             ;
             so
             in
             the
             last
             place
             ,
             we
             Conclude
             that
             its
             particular
             Situation
             was
             in
             a
             middle
             between
             the
             Tops
             of
             the
             highest
             Mountains
             and
             the
             lowest
             Valleys
             .
             And
             we
             ground
             this
             Hypothesis
             upon
             the
             Account
             which
             Moses
             gives
             of
             the
             Course
             and
             Motion
             of
             that
             River
             which
             water'd
             Paradise
             :
             for
             this
             River
             undoubtedly
             had
             its
             Rise
             from
             the
             Top
             or
             side
             of
             some
             of
             the
             Eastern
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             took
             its
             Course
             first
             in
             one
             Rapid
             
             Stream
             ,
             through
             the
             midst
             of
             that
             most
             pleasant
             Dale
             ,
             and
             then
             by
             dividing
             it self
             into
             Four
             lesser
             Streams
             ,
             they
             became
             the
             Heads
             of
             Four
             of
             the
             greatest
             and
             most
             noble
             Rivers
             in
             the
             World
             ▪
             which
             sliding
             down
             through
             the
             lower
             Dales
             ,
             Plains
             and
             Valleys
             ,
             of
             a
             great
             part
             of
             Asia
             and
             Africa
             ;
             at
             last
             empty'd
             themselves
             into
             the
             Main
             Ocean
             at
             great
             distances
             .
          
           
             
             The
             hight
             of
             its
             Situation
             gave
             it
             a
             most
             wholesome
             ,
             delightful
             and
             cherishing
             Air
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             most
             advantageous
             and
             grateful
             Prospect
             over
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Rising
             and
             Growing
             World.
             
          
           
             
             This
             Paradisaical
             Dale
             ,
             had
             all
             the
             advantages
             of
             a
             Natural
             Situation
             .
             For
             first
             of
             all
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             necessarily
             suppos'd
             ,
             that
             it
             had
             its
             Situation
             under
             the
             Skirts
             of
             the
             highest
             Mountain
             in
             those
             Eastern
             Countries
             ,
             which
             defended
             it
             from
             the
             Cold
             Blasts
             of
             the
             Northern
             Wind
             ,
             from
             whose
             lofty
             Top
             did
             flow
             that
             Rapid
             Mineral
             Feeder
             which
             took
             its
             Course
             through
             the
             midst
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             may
             be
             supposed
             also
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             encompassed
             with
             lesser
             Hills
             on
             all
             sides
             excepting
             the
             South-e●st
             ,
             which
             
             let
             into
             it
             the
             warm
             Enlivening
             Beams
             of
             the
             Rising
             Sun
             ,
             and
             which
             was
             the
             onl●
             passage
             that
             gives
             liberty
             of
             Entrance
             into
             it
             .
          
           
             That
             these
             Hills
             were
             Beautify'd
             and
             
             Adorn'd
             with
             all
             Kinds
             of
             Trees
             ,
             which
             might
             gratifie
             the
             Senses
             with
             their
             fresh
             and
             beautiful
             Colours
             ,
             always
             Green
             ,
             and
             casting
             a
             most
             pleasant
             Shade
             and
             delightsome
             Fragrancy
             ;
             in
             which
             the
             Active
             and
             Chearful
             Birds
             Sung
             their
             Morning
             and
             Evening
             Anthems
             .
          
           
             That
             these
             Hills
             encompassed
             a
             large
             
             and
             spacious
             Plain
             ,
             wherein
             did
             Spring
             up
             and
             Grow
             to
             Perfection
             all
             the
             Species
             of
             Herbs
             .
             Plants
             and
             Flowers
             that
             are
             to
             be
             found
             in
             the
             large
             Volume
             of
             Natures
             Inventory
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             middle
             of
             which
             Nature
             had
             Planted
             a
             most
             Curious
             Grove
             or
             Orchard
             ,
             wherein
             did
             Grow
             all
             Kinds
             of
             Fruit-Trees
             bearing
             the
             choise●t
             of
             all
             Fruit
             ,
             that
             might
             either
             gratifie
             the
             Eye
             or
             please
             the
             Palate
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             remarkable
             Trees
             in
             this
             most
             pleasant
             Garden
             ,
             were
             the
             Tree
             of
             Life
             and
             the
             Tree
             of
             Knowledge
             ,
             which
             [
             being
             taken
             in
             a
             Literal
             and
             Natural
             Sense
             ]
             had
             their
             Names
             from
             
             the
             Nature
             and
             Quality
             of
             the
             Fruit
             they
             Bore
             .
          
           
             The
             former
             (
             viz.
             )
             the
             Tree
             of
             Life
             Bore
             a
             wholsome
             Fruit
             ,
             preserving
             both
             the
             growing
             Sensitive
             and
             Rational
             Life
             ;
             and
             that
             so
             long
             as
             a
             Body
             compounded
             of
             Matter
             ,
             consisting
             of
             contrary
             Qualities
             could
             last
             .
          
           
             The
             other
             (
             viz.
             )
             the
             Tree
             of
             Knowledge
             ,
             Bore
             an
             unwholesome
             Fruit
             of
             a
             Poysonous
             Nature
             ,
             which
             destroying
             the
             Excellent
             Frame
             and
             Temperament
             of
             the
             Body
             ,
             made
             it
             subject
             to
             Diseases
             and
             Pains
             ,
             and
             last
             of
             all
             to
             Death
             and
             Mortality
             .
          
           
             As
             the
             former
             gave
             us
             the
             Experience
             of
             Health
             ,
             Life
             and
             Vigour
             ,
             which
             Men
             are
             seldom
             sensible
             of
             ,
             whilst
             that
             happy
             State
             continues
             .
             So
             the
             Fruit
             of
             the
             other
             gave
             us
             the
             Knowledge
             and
             sad
             Experience
             of
             an
             Unhealthy
             and
             Sickly
             Constitution
             of
             Body
             ,
             and
             Lastly
             of
             Death
             and
             Mortality
             ;
             hence
             it
             had
             its
             Name
             of
             the
             Tree
             of
             Knowledge
             from
             the
             dear
             bought
             Experience
             of
             its
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             This
             I
             con●ess
             is
             but
             a
             rude
             Draught
             of
             the
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             ;
             yet
             I
             presume
             to
             offer
             it
             as
             a
             probable
             Hypothe●is
             ,
             and
             I
             doubt
             not
             ,
             [
             but
             with
             Men
             of
             
             better
             Judgment
             ]
             it
             may
             pass
             for
             such
             ,
             and
             serve
             to
             Illustrate
             their
             Notions
             of
             a
             more
             elevated
             and
             exalted
             Nature
             ,
          
           
             Having
             given
             a
             short
             and
             Compendious
             Description
             of
             the
             Terrestrial
             Paradise
             according
             to
             the
             Literal
             and
             Natural
             Notion
             of
             it
             ,
             we
             shall
             proceed
             to
             give
             a
             probable
             Account
             how
             Ad●m
             was
             introduc'd
             into
             it
             ,
             how
             long
             He
             might
             continue
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             how
             He
             and
             his
             Confort
             Eve
             employ'd
             that
             time
             .
          
           
             Adam
             the
             Royal
             Patriarch
             of
             Mankind
             ,
             being
             Form'd
             as
             to
             his
             Body
             and
             Organical
             part
             of
             the
             same
             Matter
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Terrene
             Animals
             ,
             and
             having
             a
             Rational
             and
             Intellectual
             Soul
             Infus'd
             into
             him
             ;
             as
             soon
             as
             his
             weak
             Members
             got
             Strength
             to
             Walk
             abroad
             from
             the
             place
             of
             his
             Nativity
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             a
             View
             of
             those
             large
             Dominions
             his
             Bountiful
             Creator
             design'd
             to
             put
             under
             his
             Goverment
             ;
             The
             first
             place
             he
             had
             i●
             Prospect
             was
             this
             Terr●strial
             Paradise
             ,
             toward
             which
             his
             Curiosity
             led
             him
             ;
             but
             not
             finding
             an
             Entrance
             into
             it
             ,
             God
             sent
             an
             Angel
             to
             be
             his
             Guide
             ,
             and
             to
             Introduce
             him
             in●o
             its
             Possession
             ,
             as
             an
             earnest
             of
             all
             th●
             Felicities
             of
             this
             World
             ▪
             and
             an
             Emblematical
             
             Assuranc●
             of
             the
             Glories
             of
             ●he
             ●oelestial
             Paradise
             .
          
           
             And
             no
             sooner
             had
             this
             Royal
             Patriarch
             enter'd
             this
             Pleasant
             and
             Delightful
             ●arden
             ,
             but
             all
             the
             Birds
             and
             Bea●●s
             in
             Paradise
             [
             being
             surpriz'd
             at
             the
             sight
             of
             a
             Creature
             of
             a
             Shape
             and
             Form
             quite
             different
             from
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             of
             so
             Divine
             and
             Majestick
             a
             Countenance
             ,
             ]
             came
             towards
             his
             Presence
             to
             gaze
             and
             wonder
             at
             him
             .
             And
             a
             Panick
             Fear
             having
             seiz'd
             them
             ,
             they
             be●ame
             all
             his
             Vassals
             .
          
           
             ●
             will
             not
             undertake
             to
             determine
             the
             time
             that
             Adam
             might
             spend
             in
             Walking
             round
             the
             Woods
             and
             Plains
             of
             Paradise
             ,
             whilst
             he
             took
             a
             View
             of
             all
             the
             Creatures
             ,
             distinguish'd
             their
             Tribes
             ,
             and
             gave
             Names
             and
             Offices
             to
             them
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             several
             Natures
             and
             Quali●ies
             I
             presume
             that
             it
             can
             hardly
             be
             imagin'd
             that
             one
             Day
             could
             be
             sufficient
             for
             so
             great
             ●●ask
             .
          
           
             As
             
             Adam's
             Ambition
             was
             to
             exercise
             and
             improve
             his
             Rational
             Faculties
             ,
             by
             Enquiring
             into
             the
             Natures
             and
             Quali●ies
             of
             the
             Sensitive
             Animals
             ;
             no
             doubt
             but
             Eve
             [
             being
             no
             less
             desirous
             to
             improve
             her
             Wisdom
             and
             Knowledge
             ,
             than
             her
             Master
             Ad●m
             ]
             did
             spend
             that
             
             time
             during
             his
             absence
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             gratifying
             her
             External
             Se●ses
             ,
             with
             the
             fragrant
             Smell
             of
             the
             fair
             Flowers
             of
             Paradise
             ,
             and
             Tasting
             its
             sweet
             Fruit
             ;
             but
             in
             making
             Enquiries
             into
             the
             Natures
             and
             Kinds
             of
             Fruits
             and
             Simples
             ,
             in
             distinguishing
             their
             several
             Sorts
             ,
             and
             giving
             Names
             to
             them
             according
             to
             their
             Natures
             .
          
           
             And
             certainly
             it
             was
             not
             her
             Ambition
             to
             be
             like
             God
             in
             so
             Divine
             a
             Perfection
             as
             Wisdom
             and
             Knowledge
             ,
             made
             her
             Forfeit
             not
             only
             the
             Fair
             Fields
             and
             pleasant
             W●lks
             of
             Paradise
             ,
             but
             Life
             and
             Immortality
             ;
             but
             her
             taking
             a
             course
             and
             method
             to
             that
             End
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             express
             Command
             of
             her
             Creator
             .
          
           
             And
             although
             it
             be
             most
             probable
             that
             a
             Natural
             Serpent
             ,
             having
             a
             speckled
             Skin
             ,
             Beautify'd
             and
             Adorn'd
             with
             all
             the
             variety
             of
             Natural
             Paint
             ,
             in
             the
             most
             fresh
             and
             lively
             Colours
             ,
             was
             her
             Officious
             Favorite
             ,
             and
             presented
             to
             her
             Royal
             Hand
             this
             Beautiful
             and
             Lovely
             Fruit
             ;
          
           
             Yet
             doubtless
             it
             was
             her
             own
             Natural
             Serpent
             ,
             or
             Concupisence
             ,
             did
             frame
             and
             suggest
             to
             her
             a
             Discourse
             to
             this
             effect
             .
          
           
           
             Hath
             not
             our
             Bountiful
             Creator
             made
             this
             World
             ,
             with
             all
             this
             great
             variety
             of
             Creatures
             in
             it
             ,
             on
             purpose
             for
             the
             Entertainment
             of
             your
             External
             Senses
             with
             the
             satisfaction
             of
             Enjoying
             their
             beloved
             Objects
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Int●rnal
             Faculties
             of
             the
             Rational
             Soul
             with
             the
             Entertainments
             of
             Wisdom
             and
             Philosophy
             ?
             If
             you
             Taste
             not
             then
             this
             Lovely
             Fruit
             ,
             you
             evacuate
             God's
             Design
             in
             Creating
             of
             it
             :
          
           
             Again
             ,
             If
             God
             did
             not
             design
             that
             you
             should
             Eat
             of
             this
             Fruit
             ,
             He
             would
             not
             have
             made
             it
             so
             Beautiful
             and
             Desireable
             ;
             it
             's
             Inconsistent
             with
             the
             Natural
             Goodness
             of
             your
             Creator
             ,
             to
             lead
             you
             into
             the
             Fire
             and
             oblige
             you
             not
             to
             Burn
             ,
             to
             Inflame
             your
             Affection
             with
             a
             strong
             Desire
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             gratifie
             it
             .
          
           
             Further
             ,
             You
             cannot
             but
             observe
             that
             God
             has
             made
             all
             Poysonous
             and
             hurtful
             Creatures
             of
             a
             less
             comely
             ,
             if
             not
             of
             a
             frightful
             Aspect
             ,
             and
             you
             have
             a
             strong
             Antipathy
             against
             them
             ;
             but
             this
             Charming
             Complexion
             tempts
             you
             to
             taste
             of
             it
             .
             To
             which
             the
             Considerative
             or
             Rational
             Faculty
             reply'd
             ,
          
           
             Our
             Bountiful
             Creator
             has
             given
             us
             liberty
             to
             eat
             of
             all
             the
             Tr●es
             in
             the
             Garden
             ,
             but
             this
             is
             forbidden
             upon
             pain
             of
             Death
             .
          
           
           
             This
             is
             a
             grand
             mistake
             of
             the
             Divine
             Intention
             ,
             saith
             Concupiscence
             ,
             which
             was
             by
             your
             Eating
             of
             this
             Fruit
             to
             Improve
             your
             Knowledge
             ,
             and
             ●herefore
             he
             gave
             it
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             Tree
             of
             Knowledge
             .
             For
             as
             you
             have
             discover'd
             the
             Natural
             differences
             amongst
             the
             Sensi●ive
             Animals
             ,
             and
             have
             given
             Names
             to
             them
             ,
             your
             Creator
             certainly
             expects
             that
             you
             should
             understand
             the
             Natures
             and
             differences
             amongst
             Fruits
             and
             Vegetables
             ;
             o●herwise
             you
             will
             never
             be
             compleatly
             Skill'd
             in
             your
             Natural
             Philosophy
             .
          
           
             This
             proud
             thought
             of
             being
             Wife
             ,
             and
             a
             Natural
             Philosopher
             ,
             so
             tickl'd
             Adam
             ,
             or
             Reason
             ,
             that
             he
             condescended
             that
             his
             Bride
             Eve
             ,
             or
             Concupiscence
             ▪
             sh●u'd
             take
             a
             Taste
             to
             Cure
             her
             longing
             .
          
           
             And
             she
             finding
             it
             a
             Fruit
             as
             w●ll
             grateful
             to
             the
             Taste
             as
             pleasant
             to
             the
             Eye
             ,
             perswades
             Adam
             to
             a
             further
             condescention
             ,
             until
             a
             second
             Considera●ion
             made
             him
             feel
             the
             miserable
             Efects
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             his
             Conscience
             as
             in
             the
             Constitution
             of
             his
             Body
             ;
             which
             his
             Reason
             being
             asham'd
             of
             ,
             he
             fled
             ●rom
             the
             Presence
             of
             God
             ,
             who
             usually
             ,
             as
             it
             's
             believ'd
             by
             some
             learn'd
             Authors
             ,
             
             came
             down
             in
             the
             Evening
             to
             Discourse
             with
             the
             young
             Philosopher
             ,
             who
             finding
             himself
             Naked
             ,
             or
             at
             a
             loss
             for
             Arguments
             to
             defend
             his
             Guilt
             and
             Shame
             ,
             endeavou●'d
             to
             cover
             it
             with
             the
             thin
             Figg-leaves
             of
             Excuses
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             A
             DISCOURSE
             Concerning
             the
             CONFLAGRATION
             OF
             THIS
             Material
             World
             ;
             THE
             Local
             Hell
             :
             IT
             S
             OUTMOST
             BOUNDARIES
             ,
             OR
             Abrahams
             Gulph
             .
          
        
         
           
           
           
             A
             DISCOURSE
             Concerning
             the
             CONFLAGRATION
             OF
             THIS
             Material
             World.
             
          
           
             HAving
             in
             the
             former
             part
             of
             the
             History
             of
             Matter
             ,
             give●
             an
             Account
             of
             such
             Preternatural
             Accidents
             as
             have
             disturbed
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             in
             all
             Ages
             Interrupted
             the
             Regular
             Course
             of
             Nature
             ;
             And
             having
             demonstrated
             that
             these
             Preternatural
             disturbances
             ,
             were
             occasion'd
             by
             that
             Natural
             Strife
             ,
             that
             happens
             between
             the
             contrary
             Qualities
             of
             Heat
             and
             Cold
             ,
             Fire
             and
             Water
             :
          
           
           
             And
             having
             also
             shewn
             how
             Water
             ▪
             by
             uniting
             her
             forces
             in
             the
             Time
             of
             Noah
             ,
             chang'd
             this
             Terraqueous
             Globe
             for
             some
             time
             into
             a
             Waterish
             Planet
             ,
             by
             effecting
             an
             universal
             Deluge
             which
             covered
             the
             Tops
             of
             the
             highest
             Mountains
             Fifteen
             Cubits
             ;
          
           
             And
             how
             the
             Central
             Fire
             has
             ●requently
             threatned
             ,
             not
             only
             by
             Universal
             Concussions
             ,
             and
             Earthquakes
             ,
             to
             unhinge
             its
             Foundations
             ,
             but
             also
             by
             Extraordinary
             and
             most
             Violent
             Eruptions
             of
             Fire
             and
             Vulcano's
             to
             break
             the
             Structure
             and
             Temperament
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             turn
             it
             into
             a
             Globe
             of
             Fire
             ,
             or
             Fiery
             Planet
             ;
          
           
             Now
             as
             a
             great
             many
             Learned
             Men
             in
             all
             Ages
             ,
             have
             been
             inquisitive
             into
             the
             Natural
             Causes
             of
             this
             Universal
             Deluge
             ,
             and
             the
             Difficulty
             they
             met
             with
             ,
             being
             to
             find
             Water
             sufficient
             to
             effect
             it
             ,
             without
             a
             Miracle
             ;
          
           
             So
             a
             great
             many
             Le●rned
             undertakers
             ,
             have
             been
             no
             less
             Industrious
             to
             find
             Fire
             sufficient
             to
             dry
             up
             the
             Seas
             and
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             Effect
             an
             Universal
             Con●lagration
             of
             this
             Material
             World
             :
          
           
             These
             two
             Difficulties
             [
             in
             my
             Opinion
             ]
             might
             have
             been
             ●asily
             remov'd
             ,
             
             if
             they
             had
             understood
             better
             the
             Structure
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             the
             Nature
             and
             Quality
             of
             that
             Matter
             which
             makes
             up
             the
             Constituent
             parts
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             It
             will
             be
             necessary
             therefore
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             our
             Establishing
             a
             Well-grounded
             Hypothesis
             concerning
             the
             Universal
             Con●lagration
             in
             a
             Natural
             way
             ,
             to
             Resume
             what
             we
             have
             formerly
             Observed
             concerning
             Matter
             in
             General
             ;
             which
             we
             have
             divided
             into
             Three
             Classes
             [
             viz.
             ]
             Volatile
             ,
             Fixt
             ,
             and
             Fluid
             ;
             and
             to
             shew
             that
             these
             Three
             different
             Class's
             of
             Matter
             ,
             bear
             equal
             Proportions
             one
             to
             an
             other
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Structure
             of
             the
             Earth
             occupie
             the
             same
             proportion
             of
             Place
             .
          
           
             The
             Volatile
             Class
             [
             which
             we
             call
             the
             Central
             Fire
             consisting
             of
             Aethereal
             ,
             Nitrous
             ,
             Sulphurous
             ,
             and
             Bituminous
             Particles
             ]
             bears
             proportion
             to
             one
             Third
             part
             of
             the
             Diameter
             ;
             And
             this
             Class
             makes
             the
             Earths
             Equilibrium
             ;
             and
             by
             running
             a
             perpetual
             Round
             within
             the
             Circle
             of
             its
             own
             Infernal
             Vault
             ,
             Carries
             about
             with
             it
             this
             Crust
             or
             Shell
             of
             fixt
             and
             fluid
             Matter
             whereupon
             we
             live
             ,
             once
             in
             every
             Twent●
             four
             hours
             ,
             and
             this
             we
             call
             the
             Diur●al
             Motion
             of
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
           
             The
             fixt
             and
             fluid
             Matter
             being
             intermixt
             ,
             like
             the
             Flesh
             ,
             Blood
             ,
             and
             Bones
             ,
             or
             Heterogeneous
             parts
             of
             a
             Compounded
             Body
             ,
             bears
             propo●tion
             to
             the
             other
             Two
             parts
             of
             the
             Diameter
             .
          
           
             The
             fixt
             Class
             of
             Matter
             Consists
             of
             Parts
             ,
             Combustible
             ,
             Calcinable
             ,
             Liquifiable
             ,
             and
             Inflammable
             .
          
           
             The
             fluid
             Class
             consists
             of
             Water
             ;
             which
             is
             either
             Subterranean
             ,
             or
             Superterranean
             .
          
           
             The
             Subterranean
             Water
             ,
             either
             circulates
             through
             the
             larger
             Veins
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             or
             pervades
             the
             Strait
             Pores
             of
             the
             Densest
             Matter
             .
          
           
             That
             which
             Circulates
             through
             the
             Larger
             Veins
             ,
             does
             not
             only
             [
             by
             being
             Transmuted
             into
             Air
             ]
             feed
             and
             nourish
             the
             Central
             Flame
             ,
             but
             also
             hampers
             it
             and
             keeps
             it
             within
             the
             Limits
             and
             Boundaries
             of
             its
             own
             Infernal
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             That
             which
             pervades
             the
             Strait
             Pores
             of
             Dense
             Matter
             ,
             does
             as
             well
             feed
             and
             nourish
             the
             Pneumatical
             and
             Native
             Spirits
             of
             that
             Matter
             ,
             as
             shackles
             them
             ,
             by
             keeping
             of
             them
             within
             their
             little
             Cells
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             would
             break
             out
             ,
             and
             set
             on
             fire
             the
             more
             Combustible
             part
             of
             it
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Superterraneous
             Waters
             do
             by
             maintaining
             a
             constant
             Communication
             between
             the
             Subterranean
             and
             Air●al
             Waters
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             falling
             of
             Plentiful
             Showers
             of
             Rain
             upon
             the
             Earths
             Surface
             ,
             preserve
             it
             from
             being
             either
             over-crufted
             ,
             or
             set
             on
             Fire
             by
             the
             External
             Heat
             of
             the
             Suns
             Influence
             upon
             it
             .
          
           
             By
             these
             Divisions
             and
             Computations
             it
             is
             apparent
             ,
             that
             one
             Third
             part
             of
             this
             Globe
             is
             Volatile
             ,
             another
             Third
             part
             Combustible
             and
             Inflammable
             ,
             and
             only
             a
             Third
             part
             Fluid
             .
             Which
             Third
             part
             preserves
             the
             Harmony
             and
             Conspiracy
             of
             its
             Parts
             ,
             which
             makes
             the
             Cement
             and
             Temperament
             of
             the
             whole
             Body
             ,
             and
             if
             this
             should
             once
             be
             broken
             ,
             and
             the
             Volatile
             and
             Fluid
             suffered
             to
             act
             their
             Antipathies
             upon
             each
             other
             ,
             the
             whole
             Frame
             and
             Structure
             would
             presently
             be
             dissolved
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             shusled
             into
             th●ir
             Original
             Chaos
             and
             Confusion
             .
          
           
             Now
             as
             in
             all
             Compounded
             Bodies
             ,
             which
             have
             any
             degree
             of
             Li●e
             or
             Vital
             Cement
             in
             them
             ,
             the
             Vital
             Flame
             is
             fed
             and
             nourished
             by
             the
             Radical
             Moisture
             ;
             which
             ,
             as
             it
             wasts
             and
             consumes
             ,
             
             the
             Exterior
             Parts
             of
             the
             Body
             become
             Dry
             ,
             Withered
             ,
             and
             more
             Combustible
             ;
             and
             at
             the
             last
             the
             whole
             Body
             is
             thrown
             into
             a
             Feverish
             Burning
             ,
             which
             continues
             until
             the
             Vital
             Flame
             be
             Extinguish'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Native
             Spirits
             fly
             out
             :
             So
             in
             this
             great
             Body
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             the
             Central
             Fire
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Vital
             Flame
             of
             it
             ,
             by
             continual
             feeding
             upon
             the
             Fluid
             Matter
             ,
             does
             gradually
             wast
             and
             consume
             it
             .
          
           
             And
             this
             is
             not
             only
             observable
             in
             our
             Sinking
             of
             Pits
             ,
             where
             we
             generally
             meet
             with
             the
             upper
             Strata
             or
             Beds
             of
             Stone
             and
             Cole
             drained
             from
             their
             Waterish
             Feeders
             ,
             their
             Native
             Spirits
             Exhal'd
             ;
             but
             also
             several
             Ancient
             Springs
             sunk
             down
             in
             their
             Veins
             ;
             Large
             Rivers
             decre●s'd
             in
             their
             Water
             Courses
             ;
             and
             the
             Seas
             in
             s●veral
             Countries
             to
             have
             lost
             Ground
             ,
             as
             in
             Aegypt
             and
             Holland
             ▪
             which
             undoubtedly
             [
             in
             former
             Ages
             ]
             have
             been
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             Main
             Ocean
             .
             From
             these
             general
             Desiccations
             of
             the
             Fluid
             part
             of
             the
             Globe
             we
             conclude
             that
             [
             according
             to
             the
             Natural
             Course
             of
             things
             in
             this
             World
             ]
             the
             Volatile
             Matter
             ,
             as
             the
             Central
             Fire
             ,
             
             will
             in
             process
             of
             time
             so
             far
             gain
             ground
             upon
             the
             Fluid
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             to
             bre●k
             out
             upon
             the
             Combustible
             and
             Inflammable
             part
             ,
             and
             by
             setting
             them
             first
             on
             fire
             ,
             the
             whole
             Globe
             will
             be
             turn'd
             into
             a
             fiery
             Planet
             ;
             from
             whose
             Scorching
             and
             fiery
             Atmosphere
             ,
             the
             Fluid
             Matter
             shall
             be
             forc'd
             to
             fly
             and
             range
             about
             it
             thick
             ●ogs
             and
             Waterish
             Mists
             ,
             until
             they
             fix
             and
             settle
             in
             a
             Waterish
             Vortex
             ,
             ●ividing
             the
             Coelestial
             Regions
             from
             the
             Smoaky
             and
             Flaming
             Atmosphere
             of
             this
             Burning
             Globe
             ;
             and
             it
             s
             most
             probable
             that
             by
             that
             vast
             Gulph
             which
             Father
             Abraham
             told
             Dives
             was
             placed
             between
             Heaven
             and
             Hell
             ,
             is
             only
             meant
             these
             Fogs
             and
             Waterish
             Mists
             ,
             which
             shall
             divide
             the
             outmost
             Boundaries
             of
             them
             ;
             through
             which
             the
             Damned
             Souls
             may
             probaly
             see
             ,
             hear
             ,
             and
             have
             some
             Interlocution
             with
             thos●
             in
             the
             Coelestial
             Regions
             ;
             tho'
             all
             this
             shall
             only
             inflame
             and
             aggravate
             their
             Torments
             ,
             wh●n
             they
             shall
             see
             
               Abraham
               ,
               Isaac
            
             and
             Iacob
             ,
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             and
             themselves
             shut
             out
             ,
             by
             this
             unpassable
             Gulph
             .
          
           
             Having
             already
             m●de
             it
             apparent
             ,
             th●t
             when
             the
             confus'd
             Chaos
             of
             Matter
             
             settled
             into
             the
             Form
             of
             this
             Habitable
             Globe
             ,
             the
             Volatile
             part
             of
             it
             by
             a
             Natural
             tendency
             of
             Motion
             ,
             settled
             in
             the
             Central
             parts
             ;
          
           
             And
             that
             the
             Central
             Vault
             ,
             wherein
             this
             Volatile
             and
             Fiery
             Matter
             is
             contain'd
             ,
             bears
             Proportion
             to
             a
             Third
             part
             of
             the
             whole
             ,
             seems
             to
             be
             most
             probable
             ,
             as
             well
             from
             Scripture
             as
             Natural
             Reason
             ;
          
           
             For
             the
             Scripture
             represents
             Hell
             as
             a
             
               Lake
               of
               Fire
            
             ,
             Mat.
             9.43
             Rev.
             20.10
             ,
             15.
             
             And
             this
             Lake
             of
             Fire
             or
             Local
             Hell
             is
             commonly
             called
             Infernus
             ,
             which
             signifies
             a
             place
             
               Infra
               nos
               ,
               i.
               e.
            
             below
             the
             Cortex
             or
             Outer
             coat
             of
             the
             Fix'd
             Matter
             whereon
             we
             Live
             ;
             it
             s
             also
             call'd
             Ta●tarus
             ,
             which
             signifies
             the
             Pit
             of
             Hell
             ,
             or
             that
             Infernal
             Dungeon
             fill●d
             with
             Fire
             and
             Brimstone
             ,
             that
             Burns
             and
             Scorcheth
             ,
             but
             casts
             no
             Light
             ;
          
           
             And
             that
             this
             Infernal
             Lake
             of
             Fire
             was
             in
             the
             Central
             part
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             was
             not
             only
             the
             Opinion
             of
             the
             Roman
             Church
             ,
             which
             had
             undertaken
             to
             give
             the
             Dimensions
             of
             it
             ;
             but
             agrees
             with
             the
             Opinions
             of
             most
             of
             the
             Ancient
             Fathers
             and
             Doctors
             of
             Christianity
             ;
          
           
           
             It
             is
             also
             agreable
             with
             the
             Opinions
             of
             our
             own
             Doctors
             ,
             who
             assert
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             Day
             of
             Judgment
             ,
             when
             the
             Sentence
             against
             the
             Wicked
             shall
             be
             pronounced
             in
             these
             Words
             ,
             
               Depart
               from
               me
               ye
               Cursed
               into
               everlasting
               Fire
               ,
            
             the
             Central
             Fire
             shall
             break
             out
             ,
             and
             cause
             an
             Universal
             Conflagration
             of
             this
             Material
             World
             ;
             for
             then
             the
             Central
             Hell
             shall
             be
             enlarged
             ,
             and
             the
             Aerial
             Regions
             which
             are
             now
             the
             Devils
             Territories
             shall
             be
             fill'd
             with
             Smoak
             and
             Fire
             ,
             and
             the
             Damned
             confin'd
             to
             that
             everlasting
             Smother
             ,
             where
             the
             Worm
             shall
             never
             die
             ,
             and
             the
             Fire
             shall
             never
             be
             quenched
             ;
             by
             which
             words
             its
             more
             than
             probable
             that
             this
             Terraqueous
             Globe
             shall
             be
             changed
             into
             a
             Fiery
             Planet
             ,
             that
             the
             Aerial
             Heavens
             shall
             become
             a
             Flaming
             Atmosphere
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             shall
             be
             the
             Eternal
             State
             of
             this
             World.
             
          
           
             He
             that
             would
             desire
             further
             Satisfaction
             in
             this
             particular
             ,
             may
             consult
             Dr.
             Hackwel
             and
             Mr.
             
             Ray's
             Discourses
             concerning
             the
             Conflagration
             of
             this
             World
             ;
             my
             intention
             being
             only
             to
             shew
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             most
             probable
             that
             there
             is
             a
             Central
             Vault
             of
             large
             Dimensions
             ,
             filled
             with
             Volatile
             Matter
             ,
             consisting
             
             of
             Nitre
             ,
             Bitumen
             ,
             and
             Sulphur
             ;
             and
             that
             it
             is
             as
             probable
             that
             this
             may
             break
             out
             ,
             and
             set
             the
             Earth
             on
             Fire
             ,
             as
             its
             possible
             for
             a
             Man
             to
             Die
             of
             a
             Burning
             Fever
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             A
             Short
             TREATISE
             OF
             Meteorology
             ,
             With
             some
             Observations
             concerning
             the
             Changes
             and
             Alterations
             of
             the
             Weather
             .
          
        
         
           
           
           
             A
             Short
             TREATISE
             OF
             Meteorology
             ,
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               Of
               Vapours
               ,
               and
               Exhalations
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               VApours
               and
               Exhalations
               are
               the
               Perspirations
               of
               this
               Terraqueous
               Globe
               ,
               and
               are
               caus'd
               as
               well
               by
               the
               Internal
               Heat
               and
               Fermentation
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               the
               External
               Influence
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               by
               opening
               of
               its
               Pores
               ,
               sucketh
               them
               out
               ,
               and
               raiseth
               them
               up
               into
               the
               Regions
               of
               the
               Air.
               
            
             
               These
               Vapours
               and
               Exhalations
               are
               the
               Material
               Cause
               of
               the
               several
               Kinds
               
               of
               Meteors
               that
               are
               generated
               within
               the
               Compass
               of
               the
               Atmosphere
               ;
               which
               extends
               as
               high
               as
               the
               fiery
               Globuli
               of
               the
               Sun
               make
               their
               Rebound
               from
               the
               solid
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               Fluid
               Superficies
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               no
               higher
               .
            
             
               The
               higher
               the
               Sun
               ascends
               in
               the
               Meridian
               ,
               it
               strikes
               down
               these
               fiery
               Globuli
               with
               greater
               force
               upon
               the
               Earth
               and
               Waters
               ;
               and
               consequently
               they
               rise
               higher
               ,
               and
               èlevate
               the
               Vapours
               with
               them
               .
               So
               that
               the
               Atmosphere
               is
               higher
               or
               lower
               in
               several
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               the
               Sun
               riseth
               higher
               or
               lower
               in
               the
               Meridian
               ,
               and
               its
               Beams
               are
               darted
               down
               in
               a
               more
               direct
               or
               oblique
               Line
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               the
               lowness
               of
               our
               Northern
               Atmosphere
               ,
               causeth
               the
               Sterility
               and
               Barrenness
               of
               the
               Northern
               Mountains
               ;
               so
               the
               height
               of
               the
               Southern
               Atmosphere
               ,
               causeth
               those
               Mountains
               in
               the
               Aequinoctial
               and
               Southern
               Regions
               to
               be
               more
               Fertile
               and
               Productive
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               Of
               the
               ●fficient
               Causes
               of
               all
               Metors
               ;
               and
               first
               of
               Heat
               .
            
             
               BY
               Heat
               is
               not
               to
               be
               understood
               the
               Element
               of
               Fire
               ,
               which
               Aristotle
               and
               his
               Followers
               conceited
               to
               be
               under
               the
               Concave
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               [
               there
               being
               no
               such
               Element
               there
               ]
               but
               by
               Heat
               is
               meant
               that
               Internal
               Heat
               and
               Fermentation
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               that
               Natural
               Fire
               which
               is
               originally
               and
               essentially
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               the
               Vehicle
               of
               External
               Heat
               ,
               which
               Streams
               out
               from
               every
               part
               of
               that
               Fiery
               Globe
               ,
               giving
               Heat
               ,
               Light
               ,
               and
               enlivening
               Vegetations
               to
               the
               whole
               Material
               World
               ,
               being
               within
               the
               Compass
               of
               its
               Fiery
               and
               Luminous
               Atmosphere
               .
            
             
               These
               Streams
               of
               Heat
               and
               Light
               [
               which
               is
               only
               the
               shadow
               of
               Heat
               ]
               being
               Darted
               through
               the
               Regions
               of
               the
               Air
               in
               Strait
               Lines
               ,
               and
               single
               Rayes
               ,
               are
               not
               perceivably
               Hot
               or
               Cold
               ,
               no
               more
               than
               the
               Light
               of
               a
               Candle
               without
               the
               Sphere
               of
               its
               Heat
               ;
               but
               being
               
               doubled
               by
               multiplyed
               Reflections
               ,
               and
               Reboundings
               from
               the
               solid
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               does
               increase
               its
               Heat
               ,
               as
               the
               Reflections
               are
               multiplyed
               and
               rebounded
               ;
               which
               makes
               it
               hotter
               against
               a
               Wall
               ,
               than
               upon
               the
               plane
               Ground
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Vallies
               ,
               than
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               .
            
             
               We
               must
               therefore
               distinguish
               between
               those
               single
               Rayes
               of
               Heat
               ,
               which
               dart
               through
               the
               Air
               in
               instants
               ,
               which
               are
               neither
               perceivably
               hot
               or
               cold
               ,
               and
               the
               Heat
               upon
               the
               Superficies
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               being
               contracted
               by
               an
               Artificial
               Glass
               ,
               is
               R●al
               Fire
               .
            
             
               The
               Essential
               Qualities
               of
               Heat
               are
               Calefaction
               ,
               Elevation
               ,
               Rarefaction
               ,
               Liquefaction
               ,
               and
               Consolidation
               ,
               as
               it
               meets
               with
               Matter
               Predisposed
               to
               receive
               its
               Effects
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               Of
               Cold
               ,
               the
               other
               efficient
               Cause
               of
               Meteors
               .
            
             
               BY
               Cold
               is
               not
               meant
               a
               bare
               privation
               of
               Heat
               ,
               as
               former
               Philosophers
               did
               conceit
               ;
               but
               a
               real
               Body
               ,
               of
               a
               Subtile
               Sublimated
               and
               Homogenous
               Nature
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               cold
               and
               frigid
               Quality
               .
               It
               s
               proper
               place
               of
               Existence
               is
               between
               this
               Earths
               Atmosphere
               ,
               and
               the
               Atmosphere
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               which
               is
               our
               next
               Neighbouring
               Globe
               ;
               and
               by
               the
               rising
               and
               falling
               of
               this
               main
               Body
               of
               Cold
               ,
               are
               caused
               the
               several
               Changes
               and
               Alterations
               of
               the
               Weather
               with
               us
               .
            
             
               The
               Cause
               of
               its
               Rising
               and
               Falling
               ,
               is
               the
               pressures
               of
               these
               two
               Atmospheres
               between
               which
               it
               is
               plac'd
               :
               When
               the
               waterish
               Atmosphere
               of
               the
               Moon
               presseth
               it
               down
               ,
               it
               causeth
               Storms
               and
               Tempests
               here
               upon
               this
               Globe
               ;
               And
               when
               it
               Rises
               ,
               it
               causes
               the
               same
               in
               the
               Moon
               .
            
             
               The
               Rising
               and
               Falling
               of
               this
               Main
               Body
               of
               Cold
               ,
               is
               sometimes
               also
               occasion'd
               
               by
               its
               Dilating
               and
               Contracting
               of
               it self
               .
            
             
               Now
               as
               the
               Suns
               Beams
               are
               hotter
               in
               their
               Reflections
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               than
               in
               the
               Sun
               it self
               ,
               so
               these
               Cold
               Rays
               which
               are
               darted
               from
               this
               Main
               Body
               of
               Cold
               ,
               being
               increas'd
               and
               multiply'd
               by
               Reflection
               from
               the
               Mountains
               and
               Rivers
               ,
               are
               much
               colder
               than
               the
               Main
               Body
               of
               Cold
               in
               its
               own
               Sphere
               .
               These
               Reflected
               Globuli
               of
               Cold
               may
               be
               term'd
               the
               Lower
               or
               Ground-cold
               ;
               because
               in
               Summer
               it
               penetrates
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               in
               Winter
               it
               seldom
               rises
               higher
               than
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               ,
               unless
               when
               it
               joins
               with
               the
               Main
               Body
               ,
               and
               then
               it
               causeth
               great
               Storms
               of
               Frost
               and
               Snow
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               This
               Lower
               or
               Ground-cold
               ,
               is
               commonly
               the
               Rear-guard
               and
               Van-guard
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               always
               going
               before
               and
               following
               it
               ;
               and
               it
               s
               most
               perceivable
               in
               the
               Evening
               and
               Morning
               Twilights
               ;
               especially
               ,
               by
               Birds
               and
               Aerial
               Animals
               ,
               whose
               Bodies
               do
               so
               sympathize
               with
               the
               Air
               ,
               that
               they
               can
               more
               quickly
               perceive
               the
               Change
               of
               Weather
               (
               especially
               the
               rising
               of
               a
               Storm
               or
               Rain
               or
               Snow
               )
               than
               any
               of
               the
               Terrene
               Animals
               ;
               and
               this
               they
               commonly
               discover
               
               by
               their
               Flying
               high
               or
               low
               ,
               or
               Flocking
               together
               ;
               or
               sometimes
               by
               different
               Notes
               or
               Voices
               .
               This
               occasion'd
               the
               Ancient
               Augurs
               to
               conceit
               them
               prophets
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Essential
               Qualities
               and
               Effects
               of
               Cold
               in
               general
               ,
               are
               Frigefaction
               ,
               Congelation
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               Petre●action
               ;
               and
               when
               the
               lower
               Cold
               is
               Contracted
               ,
               either
               by
               Art
               ,
               or
               
                 Proprio
                 motu
              
               ,
               it
               Starves
               and
               Freezes
               ,
               as
               the
               Fire
               Burns
               and
               Scorcheth
               .
            
             
               This
               lower
               Cold
               contracts
               and
               dilates
               it self
               ,
               as
               it
               meets
               with
               Opposition
               from
               the
               contrary
               Quality
               of
               Heat
               and
               Fire
               .
            
             
               The
               Effects
               of
               the
               lower
               Cold
               when
               it
               enters
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               By
               Antiperistasis
               it
               Fires
               Damps
               in
               Collieries
               ,
               Mines
               ,
               burning
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               Vulcano's
               .
            
             
               When
               it
               lyes
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               it
               causeth
               Dews
               and
               hoar
               Frosts
               ,
               it
               sucks
               out
               Damps
               and
               corrupted
               Air
               out
               of
               Under-ground
               Works
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Of
               the
               Air
               ,
               or
               Medium
               wherein
               all
               Meteors
               are
               Generated
               .
            
             
               THE
               Air
               is
               a
               Vast
               Medium
               or
               Expansion
               ,
               fill'd
               with
               Rarify'd
               Vapours
               and
               Exhalations
               ;
               which
               like
               Water
               would
               Stagnate
               ,
               unless
               by
               a
               Daily
               addition
               of
               Rarify'd
               Vapours
               or
               Wind
               ,
               it
               were
               put
               into
               a
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               ,
               as
               the
               Sea
               is
               the
               addition
               of
               Rivers
               continually
               flowing
               into
               it
               from
               all
               sides
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Air
               is
               Calm
               ,
               then
               are
               the
               Meteors
               Generated
               ;
               when
               by
               the
               Wind
               the
               Air
               is
               put
               into
               a
               violent
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               ,
               they
               are
               Broken
               and
               Dispapear
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               Of
               Fiery
               Meteors
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               THE
               Lower
               Cold
               which
               follows
               the
               Sun
               in
               the
               Evening
               Twilight
               ,
               continues
               its
               Operation
               for
               some
               Hours
               after
               its
               Beams
               are
               out
               of
               sight
               ,
               and
               no
               longer
               ;
               [
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Night
               being
               for
               the
               most
               part
               a
               Calm
               as
               well
               in
               Winter
               as
               Summer
               ]
               during
               which
               time
               of
               its
               Operation
               ,
               it
               causeth
               all
               those
               Fiery
               Meteors
               which
               the
               former
               Philosophers
               gave
               several
               Names
               to
               ,
               as
               falling
               Stars
               ,
               Rods
               ,
               Beams
               ,
               
                 Ignes
                 Fatui
              
               or
               
                 Will
                 with
                 Wisp
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               according
               as
               they
               differ'd
               in
               Matter
               ,
               Magnitude
               ,
               and
               manner
               of
               Appearance
               ;
               some
               Consisting
               of
               a
               hot
               and
               dry
               Exhalation
               ,
               others
               of
               an
               Exhalation
               mix'd
               with
               a
               Viscous
               and
               Unctious
               Matter
               ,
               a
               Third
               of
               a
               simple
               and
               unmix'd
               Exhalation
               :
               All
               these
               are
               Generated
               in
               the
               Lower
               Regions
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               Matter
               of
               them
               being
               drawn
               up
               out
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               Waters
               ,
               and
               Bituminous
               Boggs
               and
               Mosses
               ,
               by
               the
               Sun's
               Influence
               upon
               them
               ,
               especially
               in
               the
               Spring
               Months
               .
               For
               then
               the
               
               Sub●erranean
               Heat
               draws
               out
               to
               communicate
               with
               its
               Main
               Body
               ;
               for
               as
               at
               this
               time
               all
               Animals
               renew
               their
               Hair
               ,
               clear
               their
               Blood
               from
               gross
               Humours
               ,
               so
               doth
               this
               great
               Animal
               the
               Earth
               purge
               her self
               of
               gross
               Humours
               ,
               by
               Mushrooms
               ,
               and
               other
               Pinguid
               Evaporations
               ;
               for
               then
               the
               Sub●erranean
               Heat
               drawing
               out
               to
               communicate
               with
               the
               External
               Heat
               ,
               brings
               forth
               of
               the
               Earth
               these
               Mineral
               Spirits
               and
               Pinguid
               Perspirations
               ,
               in
               so
               plentiful
               a
               measure
               ,
               [
               which
               being
               taken
               up
               into
               the
               Air
               are
               Condens'd
               into
               Clouds
               ,
               and
               fall
               down
               again
               upon
               the
               Earth
               in
               such
               Fertilizing
               Showers
               ]
               that
               the
               Psalmist
               tells
               us
               the
               Clouds
               at
               this
               Season
               drop
               down
               Fatness
               .
               These
               Hot
               and
               Fiery
               Exhalations
               which
               are
               flying
               about
               ,
               scatter'd
               and
               dispers'd
               in
               the
               Lower
               Re●ion
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               being
               seiz'd
               on
               by
               the
               evening
               Cold
               ,
               are
               forc'd
               in
               Defence
               of
               ●hemselves
               to
               unite
               their
               Forces
               ,
               and
               being
               united
               do
               Fire
               upon
               their
               Grand
               Enemy
               (
               viz.
               )
               Cold.
               
            
             
               Some
               Fire
               in
               a
               Round
               Figure
               like
               a
               Fireball
               ,
               which
               the
               Meteorologists
               call
               a
               Falling
               Star
               ;
               some
               in
               a
               long
               Train
               ,
               either
               Strait
               or
               Crooked
               ,
               and
               these
               they
               call'd
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Rods
               or
               Beams
               ;
               
               others
               being
               simple
               and
               unmix'd
               Exhalations
               ,
               flash
               out
               in
               Lightning
               ,
               like
               Gun-powder
               upon
               a
               Table
               ;
               others
               being
               mix'd
               with
               a
               Viscous
               and
               Unctious
               kind
               of
               Matter
               Fire
               near
               the
               Earth
               ,
               are
               mov'd
               by
               the
               Motion
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               or
               an
               easie
               and
               soft
               Wind
               ,
               or
               are
               drawn
               down
               in
               pursuit
               of
               their
               Enemy
               Cold
               ,
               to
               Waters
               ,
               Mosses
               ,
               Boggs
               ,
               and
               Heaths
               ,
               still
               Burning
               like
               a
               Candle
               in
               a
               Lanthorn
               ,
               till
               their
               Unctious
               Matter
               be
               Exhaust'd
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               leave
               a
               Liquid
               Jelly
               upon
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               This
               Meteor
               they
               call
               
                 Will
                 with
                 Wisp
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Ignis
                 Fatuus
              
               ,
               or
               Fool
               's
               Fire
               ,
               because
               Ignorant
               People
               conceiting
               it
               to
               be
               a
               Spirit
               ,
               keep
               their
               Eyes
               upon
               it
               ,
               until
               they
               lose
               their
               way
               ,
               and
               then
               are
               apt
               to
               give
               a
               dreadful
               Account
               of
               a
               Spirit
               they
               met
               with
               ,
               which
               misled
               them
               .
            
             
               If
               any
               of
               these
               Fiery
               Exhalations
               escape
               the
               Evening
               Cold
               ,
               the
               Morning
               Cold
               about
               break
               of
               Day
               ,
               before
               it
               be
               drawn
               down
               to
               the
               Waters
               ,
               Fires
               them
               ,
               by
               causing
               them
               to
               pursue
               the
               same
               Method
               of
               Self-defence
               they
               took
               in
               the
               Evening
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VI.
               Of
               Comets
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               AMongst
               the
               Fiery
               Meteors
               ,
               all
               the
               former
               Philosophers
               reckon'd
               Comets
               to
               be
               the
               most
               Remarkable
               :
               And
               they
               gave
               such
               Dismal
               Accounts
               of
               the
               Dreadful
               Effects
               of
               them
               ,
               that
               their
               very
               Appearance
               put
               the
               World
               under
               a
               great
               Consternation
               .
               But
               in
               my
               Opinion
               ,
               the
               World
               [
               according
               to
               the
               Old
               Proverb
               ]
               was
               more
               affraid
               than
               hurt
               by
               them
               .
            
             
               For
               that
               Comets
               are
               Fiery
               Meteors
               ,
               and
               have
               such
               dreadful
               Effects
               following
               their
               Appearance
               ,
               is
               a
               Mistake
               in
               Meteorology
               so
               palpable
               ,
               that
               it
               needs
               no
               Confutation
               :
            
             
               That
               which
               we
               call
               a
               Comet
               ,
               being
               no
               more
               than
               a
               Star
               of
               a
               Fiery
               and
               Luminous
               Body
               ,
               in
               Conjunction
               with
               an
               other
               Star
               of
               an
               Opake
               and
               Waterish
               Substance
               ,
               or
               a
               Vast
               Coelestial
               Cloud
               ,
               which
               by
               receiving
               into
               its
               Body
               the
               Bright
               Rays
               of
               the
               Luminous
               Star
               ,
               becomes
               Translucent
               ,
               and
               appears
               to
               us
               in
               the
               Form
               and
               Figure
               of
               a
               Luminous
               
               or
               Fiery
               Globe
               ;
               and
               by
               emitting
               Beams
               or
               Streams
               of
               Light
               ,
               it
               appears
               to
               be
               a
               Fiery
               and
               Burning
               Meteor
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               Meteorologists
               is
               call'd
               a
               Comet
               .
            
             
               If
               this
               Conjunction
               and
               Interposition
               be
               Centrical
               ,
               it
               sends
               forth
               its
               Beams
               of
               Light
               on
               every
               Side
               ;
               and
               this
               we
               call
               a
               Bearded
               Comet
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Interposition
               be
               not
               Centrical
               ▪
               but
               the
               Luminous
               Star
               be
               higher
               or
               lower
               ,
               or
               on
               one
               side
               ,
               it
               sends
               forth
               a
               Beam
               or
               Stream
               of
               Light
               upward
               or
               downward
               ,
               or
               to
               one
               side
               ;
               and
               this
               Beam
               or
               Stream
               of
               Light
               ,
               is
               call'd
               the
               Tail
               of
               the
               Comet
               .
            
             
               The
               Appearance
               of
               this
               Comet
               continues
               until
               their
               different
               Motions
               have
               separated
               them
               .
            
             
               A
               demonstration
               of
               this
               you
               may
               have
               several
               Evenings
               ,
               when
               a
               black
               waterish
               Cloud
               interposeth
               between
               us
               and
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Sun
               ;
               if
               the
               Interposition
               be
               Centrical
               ,
               the
               Sun's
               Beams
               stream
               out
               every
               way
               ;
               if
               the
               Sun
               be
               higher
               ,
               it
               sends
               forth
               its
               Beams
               of
               Light
               downward
               ;
               if
               lower
               ,
               upward
               ,
               or
               to
               one
               side
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Interposition
               of
               the
               Cloud
               .
            
             
               Against
               this
               Hypothesis
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               Objected
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               no
               such
               thing
               in
               
               Nature
               as
               an
               Opake
               Waterish
               Coelestial
               Body
               .
            
             
               To
               which
               I
               answer
               ,
               That
               th●
               Moon
               is
               an
               Opake
               Globe
               of
               a
               Waterish
               Substance
               ;
               and
               if
               its
               Natural
               Course
               and
               Motion
               was
               not
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               the
               Suns
               Atmosphere
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               to
               us
               invisible
               :
               So
               there
               may
               be
               [
               for
               any
               thing
               that
               we
               know
               ]
               Thousands
               of
               Opake
               Globes
               ,
               within
               the
               Vast
               Expansion
               of
               the
               Coelestial
               Spheres
               ,
               which
               are
               never
               visible
               to
               us
               ,
               but
               when
               they
               fall
               into
               Conjunction
               ,
               or
               Oppositon
               ,
               with
               a
               Luminous
               Star
               :
               And
               when
               these
               Opake
               Globes
               are
               of
               a
               Round
               and
               Waterish
               Substance
               ,
               they
               appear
               to
               us
               in
               the
               Form
               of
               Comets
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               it
               is
               most
               probable
               that
               all
               these
               New
               Stars
               ,
               which
               have
               appear'd
               for
               some
               time
               ,
               and
               then
               disappear'd
               ,
               [
               which
               Astronomers
               have
               given
               such
               Remarkable
               Accounts
               of
               ,
               ]
               are
               only
               Opake
               Globes
               ,
               made
               visible
               for
               sometime
               ,
               by
               their
               being
               in
               Conjunction
               or
               Opposition
               to
               a
               Luminous
               Star
               ,
               and
               when
               their
               different
               Motions
               have
               separated
               them
               the
               Opake
               Star
               hath
               disappear'd
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
               Of
               Thunder
               ,
               its
               Causes
               and
               Effects
               .
            
             
               OF
               all
               Fiery
               Meteors
               ,
               there
               are
               none
               so
               dreadful
               as
               Thunder
               ,
               which
               being
               an
               Aerial
               Fire
               Damp
               ,
               the
               Nature
               and
               Notion
               of
               it
               will
               be
               best
               illustrated
               by
               comparing
               it
               to
               an
               Aerial
               Battle
               between
               these
               Two
               powerful
               and
               irreconcilable
               Enemies
               ,
               Fire
               and
               Water
               .
            
             
               The
               Army
               of
               Fire
               consists
               of
               Hot
               and
               Fiery
               Exhalations
               ,
               raised
               out
               of
               the
               Earth
               and
               Bituminous
               Bogs
               by
               the
               Influence
               and
               Heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ;
               especially
               out
               of
               the
               South-east
               ,
               full
               East
               ,
               and
               North-east
               Parts
               of
               this
               Globe
               :
               Those
               vast
               and
               spacious
               Continents
               affording
               most
               of
               those
               hot
               and
               fiery
               Soldiers
               .
            
             
               The
               General
               that
               Commands
               in
               Chief
               ,
               and
               which
               leads
               them
               forth
               into
               the
               Field
               ,
               is
               a
               Sulphurous
               and
               East
               Wind.
               
            
             
               The
               Army
               of
               Water
               consists
               of
               cold
               and
               moist
               Vapours
               ,
               raised
               out
               of
               the
               Southern
               and
               Western
               Ocean
               .
            
             
             
               Their
               General
               that
               leads
               them
               forth
               to
               Batt●e
               ,
               is
               a
               cold
               moist
               West
               Wind
               :
               For
               it
               s
               to
               be
               observ'd
               ,
               that
               for
               some
               time
               befor●
               the
               Thunder
               begins
               ,
               and
               whilst
               it
               continues
               ,
               the
               Blasts
               of
               Wind
               always
               blow
               from
               contrary
               Points
               ,
               and
               the
               Clouds
               gather
               and
               march
               up
               in
               the
               full
               Face
               of
               the
               Wind
               ,
               which
               always
               Blows
               from
               an
               East
               Quarter
               .
            
             
               These
               Two
               Armies
               being
               Form'd
               into
               two
               Wings
               ,
               and
               two
               Main
               Bodies
               ;
               First
               Fire
               ,
               being
               the
               more
               Active
               and
               Volatile
               ,
               sends
               forth
               a
               Detachment
               of
               fiery
               Chariots
               ,
               from
               the
               South-east
               Wing
               ;
               which
               being
               met
               with
               by
               an
               other
               Detachment
               of
               Vaporous
               Clouds
               from
               the
               South-west
               Wing
               ,
               the
               Battle
               begins
               :
               And
               those
               hot
               and
               fiery
               Exhalations
               that
               we
               see
               riding
               in
               Chariots
               of
               Fiery
               Clouds
               ,
               like
               Pillars
               of
               Translucent
               Smoke
               ,
               being
               inclos'd
               and
               surrounded
               with
               this
               Vaporous
               Cloud
               ,
               are
               forc'd
               to
               unite
               all
               their
               Forces
               together
               ,
               that
               ,
               
                 Vis
                 Vnita
              
               being
               Fortior
               ,
               they
               may
               the
               better
               be
               able
               to
               defend
               themselves
               ,
               and
               destroy
               the
               Enemy
               .
            
             
               No
               sooner
               then
               the
               Forces
               on
               both
               Sides
               are
               united
               ,
               but
               the
               Fiery
               Exhalations
               discharge
               upon
               the
               Waterish
               〈◊〉
               ▪
               in
               Fire
               and
               Lightning
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Thundring
               Noise
               we
               hear
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Opposition
               they
               met
               with
               ,
               and
               the
               Breach
               of
               the
               Cloud
               ;
               which
               falls
               down
               in
               great
               and
               dreadful
               Showers
               of
               Rain
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ;
               the
               Dr●ps
               of
               Water
               being
               greater
               or
               less
               a●
               the
               Breach
               of
               the
               Cloud
               is
               at
               a
               higher
               or
               lower
               distance
               from
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               After
               the
               Thundering
               Battel
               is
               thus
               begun
               ,
               the
               other
               Wings
               engage
               ,
               and
               we
               hear
               the
               Thundering
               Sound
               of
               the
               Battel
               both
               South-east
               and
               North-west
               .
               The
               B●ttel
               by
               this
               time
               growing
               very
               hot
               ,
               the
               Main
               Bodies
               engage
               ;
               and
               then
               nothing
               is
               to
               be
               heard
               but
               a
               Thundering
               No●se
               ,
               with
               continual
               Flashes
               of
               Lightning
               ,
               and
               dreadful
               Showers
               of
               Rain
               ,
               falling
               down
               from
               the
               broken
               Clouds
               .
            
             
               And
               sometimes
               random
               Shots
               flie
               about
               ,
               kill
               both
               Men
               and
               Beasts
               ,
               fire
               and
               throw
               down
               Houses
               ,
               split
               great
               Trees
               and
               Rocks
               ,
               and
               tear
               the
               ve●y
               Earth
               .
            
             
               For
               it
               is
               no
               more
               impossible
               for
               the
               more
               Earthy
               Part
               of
               an
               Exhalation
               to
               be
               on
               a
               sudden
               Petresied
               into
               Stone
               [
               which
               we
               call
               the
               Thunder-bol●
               ]
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               a
               Cloud
               ;
               than
               that
               Lax●
               Matter
               should
               be
               Petrefied
               into
               a
               Stone
               
               in
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               the
               Antiperistatical
               Cause
               being
               the
               same
               in
               both
               .
            
             
               ●●ese
               t●o
               Irreconcil●ble
               Enemies
               still
               keep
               the
               Field
               ,
               until
               one
               of
               them
               be
               utterly
               destroy'd
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               fiery
               Exhalations
               keep
               the
               Field
               ,
               the
               East
               Wind
               blows
               still
               hot
               and
               sulphurous
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Vapours
               get
               the
               Victory
               ,
               the
               West
               Wind
               blows
               cold
               and
               moist
               ,
               the
               Sky
               is
               clear
               ,
               the
               Air
               is
               cold
               ,
               the
               Battel
               is
               over
               ,
               and
               the
               Earth
               Bu●ies
               the
               Dead
               and
               gets
               the
               Spoil
               .
               If
               any
               should
               think
               this
               Account
               of
               Thunder
               to
               be
               rather
               Figment
               and
               Romance
               ,
               than
               true
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               I
               advise
               him
               [
               when
               ever
               he
               sees
               the
               Thunder
               Packs
               rising
               White
               and
               Translucent
               in
               a
               South-east
               Point
               ,
               when
               he
               feels
               the
               Air
               hot
               ●nd
               Sulphurous
               ,
               with
               some
               contrary
               Blasts
               of
               Wind
               coming
               whistling
               from
               the
               West
               ]
               that
               he
               haste
               make
               on
               to
               the
               Top
               of
               Crossfelt
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               high
               Mountain
               ,
               that
               gives
               a
               Prospect
               to
               both
               East
               and
               West
               ,
               and
               he
               may
               be
               inform'd
               both
               as
               to
               the
               truth
               and
               manner
               of
               this
               Aerial
               Battle
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
               Of
               Vaporous
               Meteors
               ;
               and
               first
               of
               Dews
               ,
               and
               Hoar
               Frosts
               .
            
             
               DEws
               are
               Vapours
               Condens'd
               upon
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               by
               the
               Evening
               and
               Morning
               Cold
               ,
               these
               being
               the
               times
               of
               the
               Dews
               falling
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               observ'd
               that
               sometimes
               about
               Mid
               afternoon
               ,
               the
               under-ground
               Cold
               being
               impatient
               of
               a
               long
               Summers
               Days
               Confinement
               ,
               has
               broke
               out
               ,
               and
               condens'd
               the
               Vapours
               into
               a
               D●w
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               first
               Reflection
               of
               the
               Sun
               was
               taken
               up
               into
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               a
               viscous
               Matter
               left
               upon
               the
               Grass
               ,
               like
               Cobwebs
               or
               fine
               Threds
               ,
               which
               we
               call
               
                 Tela
                 Beatae
                 Mariae
              
               ;
               and
               these
               Vapours
               being
               condens'd
               into
               a
               Cloud
               ,
               will
               fall
               down
               again
               in
               a
               Shower
               of
               Rain
               about
               Sun-setting
               .
            
             
               But
               the
               usual
               time
               wh●n
               the
               Evening
               Dews
               fall
               ,
               is
               immediately
               after
               the
               Sun
               is
               Set
               ;
               for
               then
               the
               Lower
               Cold
               lyeth
               upon
               the
               Ground
               ,
               and
               as
               the
               Sun
               goes
               down
               it
               riseth
               .
            
             
             
             
             
             
             
               The
               Morning
               Dews
               begin
               to
               fall
               about
               break
               of
               Day
               :
               For
               about
               that
               time
               the
               Waters
               being
               colder
               than
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               draw
               down
               the
               Lower
               Cold
               from
               the
               Mountains
               to
               them
               .
            
             
               And
               it
               bringing
               the
               Vapours
               along
               with
               it
               ,
               sits
               Regent
               upon
               the
               Waters
               ,
               in
               thick
               Foggs
               and
               waterish
               Mists
               ,
               until
               the
               Influence
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               by
               warming
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               either
               scattereth
               and
               disperseth
               the
               Vapours
               ,
               or
               forceth
               them
               to
               rise
               up
               to
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               or
               the
               cool
               Regions
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               leaving
               only
               Dews
               upon
               the
               Ground
               behind
               them
               .
            
             
               These
               Dews
               ,
               when
               the
               Cold
               is
               contracted
               and
               freezing
               ,
               become
               Hoar
               Fro●ts
               ;
               for
               a
               dilated
               Cold
               causeth
               Dews
               ,
               and
               a
               contracted
               Cold
               Frosts
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Spring
               Months
               ,
               when
               the
               Subterranean
               Heat
               draws
               out
               from
               its
               Winter
               Quarters
               to
               join
               with
               the
               external
               Heat
               of
               the
               Atmosphere
               ,
               it
               brings
               out
               of
               the
               Earth
               with
               it
               some
               of
               the
               finer
               Mineral
               Spirits
               ;
               and
               the
               Sun-beams
               being
               then
               Powerful
               and
               Attractive
               ,
               do
               suck
               up
               these
               Mineral
               Spirits
               ,
               with
               the
               sweet
               Efluvia
               and
               Perspirations
               of
               Herbs
               and
               Flowers
               ;
               which
               the
               Evening
               and
               Morning
               Cold
               condenseth
               into
               Honey-dews
               ,
               or
               Manna
               .
               In
               these
               Months
               ,
               
               the
               Sun's
               Beams
               are
               so
               strong
               and
               vigorous
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               draw
               up
               Frog-spawn
               ;
               which
               being
               receiv'd
               into
               the
               Body
               of
               a
               warm
               ●loud
               ,
               will
               presently
               be
               Form'd
               into
               little
               Frogs
               ,
               which
               will
               fall
               down
               upon
               the
               Earth
               in
               these
               Fertilizing
               Spring
               Showers
               :
               Sometimes
               they
               will
               suck
               up
               Blood
               ,
               which
               will
               fall
               down
               in
               Showers
               of
               Rain
               ,
               especially
               after
               Bloody
               Battels
               fought
               at
               great
               distances
               :
               So
               Corn
               ,
               &c.
               will
               fall
               down
               in
               Rain
               .
               But
               these
               are
               
                 Magnalia
                 Naturae
              
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
               Of
               Rain
               ,
               Hail
               ,
               and
               Snow
               .
            
             
               RAin
               ,
               Hail
               ,
               and
               Snow
               ,
               are
               the
               same
               as
               to
               their
               Matter
               .
               The
               difference
               among
               them
               is
               only
               Accidental
               ;
               Hail
               being
               only
               Drops
               of
               Rain
               frozen
               in
               their
               falling
               down
               from
               a
               broken
               Cloud
               ,
               by
               a
               contract'd
               Body
               of
               the
               Lower
               Cold
               ;
               Snow
               being
               Vapours
               frozen
               before
               they
               be
               Condens'd
               into
               a
               Cloud
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 Rain
                 is
                 either
                 general
                 or
                 particular
                 ,
                 higher
                 or
                 lower
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Observations
                 concerning
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Evening
                 Dew
                 falls
                 before
                 Sun-set
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sun
                 draws
                 it
                 up
                 again
                 ,
                 the
                 Evening
                 Cold
                 condenseth
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Cloud
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 falls
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 Shower
                 of
                 Rain
                 in
                 the
                 Evening
                 Twilight
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 the
                 Evening
                 Cold
                 condenseth
                 
                 not
                 the
                 Vapours
                 into
                 Dews
                 ,
                 but
                 draws
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 into
                 the
                 Cold
                 Regions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 Rain
                 about
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 condenseth
                 
                 not
                 the
                 Dews
                 ,
                 but
                 draws
                 up
                 the
                 Vapours
                 to
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 into
                 the
                 Cold
                 Regions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 Rain
                 about
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 or
                 sooner
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 continues
                 a
                 general
                 Rain
                 for
                 some
                 Hours
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 Evening
                 and
                 Morning
                 Vapours
                 being
                 join'd
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 Calm
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Waters
                 
                 colder
                 than
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 the
                 Vapours
                 draw
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Waters
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 lie
                 in
                 a
                 thick
                 Fogg
                 or
                 Mist
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 Sun
                 by
                 warming
                 of
                 the
                 Waters
                 ,
                 causeth
                 them
                 to
                 rise
                 about
                 Nine
                 or
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 :
                 if
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 dilate
                 it self
                 ,
                 it
                 raiseth
                 the
                 Vapours
                 to
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 continue
                 in
                 a
                 thick
                 Fogg
                 ,
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Tops
                 being
                 clear
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 Vapours
                 be
                 all
                 spent
                 in
                 a
                 mizling
                 kind
                 of
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 divides
                 it
                 
                 self
                 into
                 many
                 little
                 contracted
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 
                 these
                 lesser
                 Bodies
                 of
                 contracted
                 Cold
                 condense
                 the
                 Vapours
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 particular
                 Showers
                 ,
                 some
                 not
                 Mountain
                 height
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 one
                 may
                 sometimes
                 go
                 through
                 a
                 Shower
                 of
                 Rain
                 [
                 if
                 he
                 please
                 ]
                 which
                 will
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Skirts
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 when
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 't
                 is
                 clear
                 both
                 above
                 and
                 below
                 the
                 Shower
                 .
                 Thus
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 be
                 above
                 the
                 Clouds
                 and
                 the
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 draws
                 the
                 Mists
                 and
                 the
                 Foggs
                 ●rom
                 the
                 Waters
                 ,
                 gradatim
                 [
                 or
                 in
                 Sops
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 call
                 it
                 ]
                 to
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 Trall
                 there
                 too
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 rising
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 falling
                 again
                 ,
                 the
                 Dispute
                 being
                 between
                 the
                 Water-cold
                 and
                 the
                 Mountain
                 cold
                 ,
                 whether
                 should
                 get
                 the
                 Prize
                 ,
              
               
                 If
                 at
                 the
                 last
                 these
                 Tralling
                 Mists
                 or
                 Vapours
                 be
                 lifted
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Cold
                 Regions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 there
                 Condens'd
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 lesser
                 Bodies
                 of
                 Cold
                 which
                 are
                 flying
                 about
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 particular
                 Showers
                 within
                 an
                 Hour
                 or
                 less
                 after
                 they
                 be
                 taken
                 up
                 ;
                 so
                 qui●k
                 is
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 Vapours
                 into
                 Showers
                 of
                 Rain
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               Of
               Hail
               and
               Snow
               .
               OBSERVATIONS
               .
            
             
               WHen
               these
               lesser
               Bodies
               of
               contracted
               Cold
               ,
               are
               so
               placed
               one
               above
               another
               ,
               having
               distances
               of
               warm
               Air
               betwixt
               them
               ,
               [
               as
               oftentimes
               it
               happens
               in
               very
               hot
               Weather
               ,
               for
               the
               greater
               the
               Heat
               is
               ,
               the
               more
               narrowly
               do
               these
               lesser
               Bodies
               of
               Cold
               contract
               themselves
               ]
               if
               any
               of
               the
               higher
               Bodies
               of
               Cold
               condense
               the
               Vapours
               into
               a
               Cloud
               ,
               and
               it
               break
               ,
               and
               fall
               down
               in
               drops
               of
               Rain
               through
               a
               Body
               of
               more
               contracted
               Cold
               ,
               it
               freezeth
               these
               drops
               of
               Rain
               into
               Hail-Stones
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               observ'd
               a
               Shower
               of
               Rain
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               the
               same
               a
               Shower
               of
               Hail
               upon
               the
               Skirts
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               the
               same
               dissolved
               again
               into
               a
               Shower
               of
               Rain
               in
               the
               Vallies
               .
               I
               have
               observ'd
               also
               a
               Shower
               of
               Hail
               at
               one
               end
               of
               the
               Town
               ,
               the
               same
               a
               Shower
               of
               Rain
               at
               the
               other
               end
               ;
               
               the
               contracted
               Body
               of
               Cold
               that
               caused
               the
               Hail
               ,
               being
               not
               a
               Quarter
               of
               a
               Mile
               in
               Circumference
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Snow
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Lower
                 Cold
                 riseth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Upper
                 Cold
                 falleth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 straitens
                 the
                 Sphere
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 that
                 the
                 Wind
                 blows
                 thin
                 ,
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 contracted
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 the
                 Vapours
                 are
                 frozen
                 in-Snow
                 before
                 they
                 be
                 condensed
                 into
                 a
                 Cloud
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 shower
                 of
                 Snow
                 only
                 at
                 first
                 covers
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Lower
                 Cold
                 riseth
                 Mountain
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 joyns
                 with
                 the
                 Upper
                 Cold
                 ,
                 the
                 Snow
                 falls
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Vallies
                 and
                 covers
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 OBSERVATIONS
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Wind
                 has
                 blown
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 S.
                 E.
                 or
                 full
                 S.
                 or
                 S.
                 W.
                 we
                 must
                 expect
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 general
                 Rain
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Winds
                 blowing
                 from
                 such
                 Regions
                 where
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 rises
                 high
                 ,
                 bring
                 over
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 greatest
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Vapours
                 ;
                 which
                 our
                 Mountanous
                 
                 Country
                 condenseth
                 into
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 which
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 great
                 and
                 general
                 Rains.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 those
                 Countries
                 where
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Vapours
                 rise
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 least
                 of
                 Rain
                 ;
                 which
                 want
                 is
                 supplied
                 by
                 great
                 Dews
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Evening
                 and
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 condenseth
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 where
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 riseth
                 high
                 ,
                 the
                 Lower
                 and
                 Higher
                 Cold
                 never
                 meet
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 their
                 want
                 of
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Wind
                 blows
                 N.
                 or
                 N.
                 E.
                 
                 or
                 full
                 E.
                 we
                 have
                 seldom
                 Rain
                 ,
                 but
                 great
                 Flights
                 of
                 Snow
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Atmosphere
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 being
                 very
                 low
                 [
                 especially
                 in
                 Winter
                 ]
                 and
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Sphere
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 very
                 strait
                 ,
                 the
                 Wind
                 that
                 blows
                 from
                 these
                 Quarters
                 is
                 so
                 very
                 thin
                 and
                 freezing
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 few
                 Vapours
                 which
                 are
                 brought
                 from
                 those
                 places
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 Snow
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
               Of
               Frost
               ,
               and
               Thaw
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               FRost
               and
               Thaw
               are
               the
               Effects
               of
               quite
               di●ferent
               Causes
               ;
               the
               one
               being
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Influence
               of
               Heat
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Cold
               ;
               and
               these
               two
               contrary
               Qualities
               do
               not
               give
               ground
               one
               to
               another
               without
               great
               struggle
               and
               contest
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               beginning
               of
               Freezing
               is
               at
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               this
               we
               call
               a
               Water
               Frost
               ;
               it
               s
               the
               Effect
               or
               Operation
               of
               the
               Morning
               Cold
               ;
               which
               drawing
               down
               to
               the
               Waters
               in
               the
               Morning
               Twilight
               ,
               and
               carrying
               the
               Vapours
               along
               with
               it
               ,
               leaves
               a
               Waterish
               Hoar
               Frost
               upon
               the
               Ground
               behind
               it
               .
            
             
               These
               Vapours
               lie
               upon
               the
               Waters
               until
               Nine
               a
               Clock
               ;
               for
               by
               that
               time
               the
               Influence
               of
               Heat
               having
               warm'd
               the
               Waters
               ,
               forceth
               them
               to
               remove
               their
               Quarters
               ,
               first
               to
               the
               cold
               Tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               thence
               to
               the
               cooler
               Regions
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               fall
               down
               in
               Showers
               of
               Rain
               about
               
               Twelve
               a
               Clock
               ,
               this
               Frost
               only
               gains
               the
               Waters
               ,
               Vallies
               ,
               and
               Plains
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               Morning
               ,
               the
               Cold
               doubles
               its
               Force
               ,
               and
               Glaceates
               the
               Waters
               ,
               congeals
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               riseth
               to
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ;
               [
               their
               Tops
               still
               continuing
               in
               the
               possession
               of
               Heat
               ]
               This
               degree
               of
               Cold
               is
               over-powered
               by
               the
               Influence
               of
               Heat
               about
               Two
               a
               Clock
               ,
               and
               falls
               down
               in
               Rain
               in
               the
               Evening
               Twilight
               .
            
             
               The
               Third
               Morning
               ,
               the
               Cold
               trebles
               its
               force
               ,
               and
               gains
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               .
               And
               the
               Influence
               of
               Heat
               commonly
               recovers
               this
               lost
               Ground
               a
               little
               before
               the
               Sun
               set
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Morning
               Twilight
               it
               falls
               down
               in
               a
               shower
               of
               Snow
               ,
               covering
               only
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               Highest
               Mountains
               .
            
             
               The
               Upper
               and
               Lower
               Cold
               being
               now
               united
               ,
               the
               Frost
               keeps
               its
               possession
               of
               the
               Earth
               and
               Waters
               sometimes
               for
               a
               Month
               or
               more
               together
               ;
               and
               in
               some
               Countries
               [
               lying
               at
               a
               distance
               from
               the
               Sea
               ]
               the
               whole
               Winter
               Quarter
               ;
               the
               Wind
               all
               the
               time
               blowing
               Cold
               and
               Thin
               ,
               the
               Mouth
               of
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               being
               straitned
               by
               the
               joyning
               of
               the
               Higher
               and
               Lower
               Cold.
               
            
             
             
             
             
             
             
               During
               the
               Time
               that
               the
               Earth
               and
               Waters
               continue
               in
               the
               possession
               of
               Frost
               and
               Snow
               ,
               the
               Subterranean
               Heat
               breaks
               out
               of
               the
               Springs
               and
               Mineral
               Feeders
               ,
               and
               joyning
               with
               the
               Heart
               of
               the
               Sun
               Rege●es
               the
               Spring-heads
               ,
               and
               part
               of
               the
               Rivers
               ,
               gaining
               them
               intirely
               into
               its
               possession
               :
               But
               the
               general
               Frost
               continues
               until
               the
               Vapours
               rising
               from
               the
               Southern
               or
               Western
               Ocean
               ,
               recover
               the
               Wind
               into
               some
               of
               the
               Solar
               Quarters
               ;
               which
               opening
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               ,
               the
               Wind
               blows
               warm
               and
               moist
               .
               For
               as
               the
               same
               Breath
               from
               an
               open
               Mouth
               warms
               ones
               Fingers
               ,
               so
               from
               a
               contracted
               Mouth
               it
               will
               cool
               his
               Porridge
               .
            
             
               The
               general
               Frost
               in
               the
               Northern
               Countries
               near
               the
               Pole
               ,
               and
               in
               Countries
               at
               a
               distance
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               seldom
               Regeles
               ,
               until
               the
               Subterranean
               Heat
               break
               forth
               ,
               and
               joyn
               with
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               approaching
               Sun
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Frost
               and
               Snow
               is
               dissolved
               in
               a
               very
               short
               time
               ;
               and
               the
               Spring
               comes
               on
               much
               sooner
               than
               in
               those
               Countries
               where
               the
               Regelation
               is
               more
               gradual
               .
            
             
             
               Thus
               as
               a
               constant
               Intercourse
               of
               Day
               and
               Night
               gives
               the
               Active
               Animals
               liberty
               ,
               by
               Rest
               and
               Sleep
               ,
               to
               recover
               their
               wasted
               Strength
               and
               Spirits
               ▪
               so
               an
               Annual
               return
               of
               Frost
               and
               Snow
               ,
               recovers
               and
               repairs
               the
               Strength
               and
               Spirits
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               had
               been
               spent
               in
               the
               preceeding
               Summers
               Productions
               .
               For
               in
               this
               Natural
               World
               all
               things
               are
               repair'd
               by
               corrupting
               ,
               preserv'd
               by
               perishing
               ,
               and
               reviv'd
               by
               dying
               .
            
             
               As
               the
               Operation
               of
               Cold
               did
               gradually
               gain
               ground
               upon
               the
               Influence
               of
               Heat
               ;
               so
               by
               the
               same
               methods
               and
               degrees
               Heat
               recovers
               its
               lost
               ground
               ,
               the
               Fresh
               or
               Thaw
               beginning
               first
               at
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               riseth
               up
               to
               the
               Plains
               and
               Vallies
               ;
               and
               last
               of
               all
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               [
               which
               are
               for
               sometime
               kept
               in
               the
               possession
               of
               Frost
               and
               Cold
               ,
               after
               the
               lower
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               be
               regeled
               ]
               are
               gained
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
               Of
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               .
            
             
               THE
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               is
               a
               Sphere
               of
               Heat
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Suns
               Reflections
               meet
               ,
               and
               unite
               themselves
               in
               their
               own
               defence
               against
               the
               Upper
               and
               Lower
               Cold.
               
            
             
               And
               being
               placed
               in
               a
               middle
               between
               them
               ,
               it
               riseth
               or
               falleth
               ,
               openeth
               or
               closeth
               as
               it
               prevails
               upon
               them
               ,
               or
               as
               they
               open
               or
               close
               ,
               rise
               or
               fall
               .
               This
               Sphere
               of
               Heat
               ,
               by
               Rarefying
               of
               Vapours
               and
               Exhalations
               ,
               causeth
               Wind.
               
            
             
               That
               Heat
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               Wind
               ,
               is
               apparent
               from
               the
               Experience
               of
               such
               People
               ,
               who
               ,
               to
               cause
               Wind
               ,
               usually
               set
               Chaff
               ,
               Seeds
               ,
               or
               Straw
               on
               Fire
               .
               And
               when
               Houses
               or
               Towns
               are
               accidentally
               thus
               set
               on
               Fire
               ,
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Flame
               ,
               by
               Rarefying
               of
               the
               Vapours
               and
               Exhalations
               round
               about
               ,
               will
               raise
               the
               Wind
               to
               so
               great
               a
               height
               ,
               as
               will
               make
               it
               a
               matter
               of
               great
               difficulty
               to
               quench
               the
               Flame
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
               Of
               Wind
               ,
               Helms
               ,
               and
               Arches
               .
            
             
               WInd
               is
               the
               Nitrous
               part
               of
               Vapour
               and
               Exhalation
               ,
               Rarified
               and
               Dilated
               by
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               .
            
             
               The
               Winds
               are
               either
               higher
               or
               lower
               ,
               as
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               riseth
               or
               falleth
               ;
               they
               are
               thicker
               or
               thinner
               ,
               as
               it
               openeth
               or
               closeth
               ;
               they
               are
               Moist
               ,
               Hot
               ,
               or
               Dry
               ,
               as
               they
               have
               more
               or
               less
               of
               Vapour
               or
               Exhalation
               in
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               Pabulum
               of
               Winds
               ,
               is
               commonly
               called
               a
               Helm
               ,
               from
               the
               Greek
               Word
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               which
               signifies
               Spiro
               ▪
               to
               Breath
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               Either
               Visible
               or
               Invisible
               .
            
             
               The
               Visible
               Helms
               ,
               are
               Either
               
                 Opake
                 ,
                 Mixt
              
               ,
               or
               Translucent
               .
            
             
             
               These
               Wind
               Helms
               fix
               upon
               the
               coldest
               parts
               of
               the
               Globe
               ,
               as
               the
               Gibbosity
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               the
               Tops
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               ,
               Mountain-Heaths
               ,
               Waters
               ,
               and
               Rivers
               .
            
             
               The
               Matter
               on
               which
               these
               Helms
               consist
               ,
               is
               a
               Vaporous
               Mist
               ,
               which
               as
               it
               endeavours
               to
               rise
               up
               ,
               is
               pressed
               down
               by
               the
               Sphere
               of
               Rarefaction
               ;
               and
               by
               Rarifying
               the
               Nitrous
               part
               of
               it
               [
               which
               is
               always
               uppermost
               ]
               into
               Wind
               ,
               the
               still
               Body
               of
               the
               Air
               is
               put
               into
               a
               violent
               Flux
               ,
               every
               Blast
               of
               Wind
               being
               only
               a
               Wave
               of
               Air
               ;
               the
               Rapidity
               of
               its
               Motions
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Declivity
               of
               the
               Mountains
               .
            
             
               Wherever
               the
               Grand
               Helm
               fixeth
               ,
               from
               that
               Quarter
               the
               Wind
               blows
               ,
               untill
               the
               stock
               of
               Vapours
               be
               spent
               :
               For
               Instance
               ,
            
             
               If
               the
               Grand
               Helm
               fix
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               of
               Germany
               ,
               the
               Second
               Helm
               fixeth
               upon
               the
               Gibbosity
               of
               the
               Eastern
               Seas
               ;
               [
               by
               the
               Gibbosity
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               I
               understand
               that
               middle
               Ridge
               where
               the
               Flux
               and
               Reflux
               breaketh
               ;
               ]
               the
               Third
               Helm
               fixeth
               upon
               Crossfelt
               ,
               and
               that
               Ridge
               of
               Mountains
               ;
               the
               Fourth
               Helm
               fixeth
               upon
               Skidday
               ,
               and
               that
               Ridge
               of
               Mountains
               ;
               and
               so
               forward
               
               until
               the
               Grand
               Pabulum
               be
               spent
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Wind
               ceaseth
               ,
               and
               the
               Air
               is
               Calm
               .
            
             
               That
               distance
               between
               Helm
               and
               Helm
               we
               call
               an
               Arch
               ▪
               over
               which
               [
               as
               the
               Vapours
               rise
               ]
               the
               Wind
               blows
               them
               from
               Helm
               to
               Helm
               ,
               one
               feeding
               and
               repairing
               another
               ,
               until
               the
               Grand
               Stock
               be
               spent
               .
               And
               so
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               if
               the
               Grand
               Helm
               fix
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               in
               Irela●d
               ,
               the
               Wind
               blows
               West
               ,
               forming
               Helms
               and
               Arches
               till
               that
               Stock
               be
               spent
               .
            
             
               The
               Grand
               Helm
               is
               always
               Opake
               ▪
               consisting
               of
               all
               Vapour
               .
               The
               first
               Wind
               is
               Wet
               and
               ●ainy
               ,
               the
               Arch
               over-Clouded
               ;
               for
               as
               the
               Nitrous
               part
               of
               the
               〈◊〉
               ●iseth
               ,
               and
               is
               ●arify'd
               into
               Wind
               ,
               it
               driveth
               before
               it
               the
               Rain
               ,
               as
               the
               Sal●
               〈◊〉
               [
               being
               fir'd
               ]
               drives
               before
               it
               Hail
               shot
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               Helm
               is
               Mix'd
               ,
               being
               part
               Exhalation
               ,
               and
               part
               Vapour
               ;
               the
               upper
               part
               of
               the
               Helm
               being
               Exhalation
               ,
               is
               Translucent
               ;
               this
               Wind
               is
               Showry
               ▪
               and
               the
               Arch
               Cloudy
               .
            
             
               The
               Third
               Helm
               is
               Translucent
               ,
               being
               all
               Exhalation
               ,
               the
               Wind
               Dry
               ,
               the
               Air
               Clear.
               
            
             
               The
               Invisible
               Helms
               are
               all
               Exhalation
               ,
               
               and
               they
               seldom
               rise
               as
               high
               as
               the
               Tops
               of
               Mountains
               ▪
               but
               fix
               upon
               Waters
               ,
               Rivers
               ,
               the
               Tops
               and
               Sides
               of
               H●lls
               ,
               and
               high
               Buildings
               ;
               these
               Winds
               are
               the
               lowest
               that
               Blow
               ▪
               one
               may
               go
               through
               them
               ,
               and
               find
               a
               Calm
               upon
               the
               Tops
               of
               Mountains
               .
               This
               is
               a
               common
               Observation
               made
               by
               those
               who
               Live
               under
               the
               Mountains
               .
               The
               P●●ulum
               of
               these
               Winds
               being
               soon
               spent
               ,
               they
               change
               often
               .
            
             
               
                 Observations
                 concerning
                 Winds
                 ,
                 Helms
                 ,
                 and
                 Arches
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Vapours
                 and
                 E●halations
                 
                 rise
                 from
                 the
                 Waters
                 to
                 the
                 Skirts
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 Roll
                 and
                 Trail
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 the
                 Sphere
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 is
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 being
                 Rarefy'd
                 into
                 Wind
                 ,
                 it
                 blows
                 till
                 the
                 Stock
                 be
                 spent
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 Spring
                 Winds
                 ,
                 and
                 Summer
                 Winds
                 ▪
                 they
                 continue
                 only
                 from
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 till
                 Three
                 in
                 the
                 Afternoon
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 sometimes
                 ●arri●d
                 about
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Sun
                 they
                 seldom
                 rise
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain●
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 the
                 Vapours
                 rise
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 fix
                 there
                 in
                 a
                 Black
                 and
                 Opake
                 Ledge
                 ,
                 expect
                 a
                 Rai●y
                 Wind.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 Opake
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 White
                 at
                 the
                 Top
                 ,
                 expect
                 a
                 Showery
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Helm
                 is
                 White
                 and
                 Translucent
                 ,
                 
                 expect
                 a
                 dry
                 Wind.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Helms
                 are
                 even
                 Ballanc'd
                 
                 with
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 ▪
                 the
                 Wind
                 will
                 Blow
                 sometimes
                 from
                 both
                 Helms
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 a
                 third
                 Blast
                 of
                 Wind
                 will
                 come
                 from
                 a
                 middle
                 Point
                 or
                 Quarter
                 ;
                 and
                 sometimes
                 also
                 a
                 Blast
                 of
                 Wind
                 will
                 come
                 whirling
                 down
                 from
                 above
                 our
                 Heads
                 with
                 great
                 violence
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 whole
                 Horizon
                 is
                 Helm'd
                 
                 about
                 ,
                 expect
                 contrary
                 Blasts
                 ,
                 Whirlwinds
                 ,
                 or
                 Hurricanes
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Helms
                 rise
                 and
                 close
                 up
                 the
                 Arch
                 with
                 black
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 expect
                 
                 great
                 Rains.
                 
              
               
               
                 
                 Where
                 the
                 Clouds
                 begin
                 to
                 open
                 and
                 Brighten
                 Mountain
                 height
                 ,
                 the
                 Wind
                 will
                 blow
                 from
                 that
                 Quarter
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 a
                 new
                 Helm
                 is
                 fix'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sphere
                 of
                 Rarefaction
                 is
                 faln
                 a
                 working
                 .
              
               
                 
                 In
                 large
                 Continents
                 at
                 great
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 many
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 wherever
                 the
                 Wind-Helm
                 fixeth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pabulum
                 is
                 gathered
                 ,
                 the
                 Wind
                 will
                 blow
                 from
                 that
                 Point
                 or
                 H●lm
                 for
                 some
                 Months
                 together
                 ;
                 These
                 we
                 call
                 Trade
                 Winds
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               Prognostications
               of
               the
               change
               and
               alteration
               of
               Weather
               ,
               from
               the
               Setting
               and
               Rising
               of
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
               
                 Prognostications
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Setting
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 WHen
                 the
                 Sun
                 Setteth
                 in
                 ●
                 black
                 waterish
                 Cloud
                 ,
                 the
                 Vapours
                 
                 are
                 condens'd
                 by
                 the
                 Evening
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 raiseth
                 them
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Cold
                 Regions
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 Swim
                 until
                 Nine
                 or
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 next
                 Morning
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 their
                 own
                 weight
                 causeth
                 them
                 to
                 sink
                 and
                 break
                 into
                 Rain
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 goes
                 down
                 wading
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 forcing
                 ,
                 [
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 ]
                 the
                 Vapours
                 are
                 drawing
                 down
                 with
                 the
                 Evening
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 condenseth
                 them
                 into
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 Showers
                 of
                 R●●n
                 about
                 Twelve
                 a
                 Clock
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 Sets
                 broad
                 and
                 glimmering
                 ,
                 it
                 Sets
                 in
                 thin
                 Vapours
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 will
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 misling
                 Rain
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Signs
                 of
                 fair
                 Weather
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 Sets
                 clear
                 ,
                 and
                 appears
                 little
                 and
                 fiery
                 ,
                 the
                 Vapours
                 are
                 all
                 spent
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 may
                 expect
                 a
                 fair
                 and
                 hot
                 Day
                 to
                 follow
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 Sets
                 through
                 thin
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 sharp
                 edged
                 like
                 Swords
                 ,
                 these
                 are
                 little
                 Wind-Helms
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 must
                 expect
                 a
                 fair
                 and
                 windy
                 Day
                 to
                 follow
                 .
              
               
                 
                 When
                 after
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 Set
                 ,
                 its
                 Beams
                 strike
                 the
                 Air
                 with
                 a
                 Crimson-red
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 expect
                 that
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 will
                 be
                 Fair
                 and
                 Windy
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Signs
                 of
                 Rain
                 from
                 the
                 Rising
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 
                 If
                 before
                 the
                 Sun
                 appears
                 ,
                 its
                 Rising
                 Beams
                 strike
                 the
                 Air
                 with
                 a
                 Crimson-Red
                 ,
                 
                 expect
                 Wind
                 and
                 Rain
                 about
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 Riseth
                 broad
                 ▪
                 and
                 
                 glimmering
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 presently
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 a
                 black
                 Cloud
                 ,
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 rise●h
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 up
                 with
                 it
                 the
                 Vapours
                 ,
                 which
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 great
                 Rains.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Sun
                 Riseth
                 clear
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 
                 little
                 black
                 Clouds
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 receive
                 it
                 ,
                 expect
                 a
                 Showery
                 Day
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Signs
                 of
                 a
                 fair
                 Day
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Rising
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Sun
                 Rise
                 little
                 and
                 fiery
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 Vapours
                 draw
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Waters
                 ,
                 leaving
                 a
                 Dew
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 these
                 Vapours
                 about
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 are
                 Rarify'd
                 into
                 Wind
                 ,
                 which
                 continues
                 blowing
                 only
                 till
                 Three
                 in
                 the
                 Afternoon
                 ,
                 and
                 Prognosticate
                 a
                 fair
                 Season
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Sun
                 Rise
                 in
                 thick
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 appear
                 not
                 till
                 until
                 Ten
                 a
                 Clock
                 ,
                 expect
                 a
                 clear
                 Afte●noon
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                 If
                 the
                 Sun
                 appear
                 not
                 till
                 Twelve
                 a
                 Clock
                 ,
                 expect
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 clear
                 Afternoon
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 dry
                 Season
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 riseth
                 not
                 .
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Rising
                 of
                 the
                 Morning
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 lif●ing
                 up
                 the
                 Vapours
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Rain
                 we
                 have
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           BOOKS
           Printed
           for
           
             Iohn
             Newton
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Three
           Pigeons
           over
           against
           the
           Inner-Temple-Gate
           in
           Fleet-Street
           .
        
         
           A
           Charge
           given
           at
           the
           General
           Quarter
           Sessions
           of
           the
           Peace
           for
           the
           County
           of
           Surrey
           ,
           holden
           at
           Darking
           ,
           on
           Tuesday
           the
           Fifth
           day
           of
           April
           1692
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Fourth
           Year
           of
           Their
           Majesties
           Reign
           .
           By
           the
           Honourable
           
             Hugh
             Hare
          
           ,
           
             Esq
          
           One
           of
           Their
           Majesties
           Justices
           of
           the
           Peace
           for
           that
           County
           .
           The
           Second
           Edition
           Corrected
           .
        
         
           An
           Historical
           Relation
           of
           the
           Conspiracy
           of
           
             Iohn
             Lowis
          
           Count
           Deffieschi
           against
           the
           City
           of
           Genoua
           in
           the
           Year
           1547.
           
           Written
           in
           Italian
           ,
           by
           
             Augustin
             Mascardi
          
           ,
           Gentleman
           of
           the
           Bed
           Chamber
           to
           Pope
           Urban
           the
           Eighth
           .
           Done
           into
           English
           by
           the
           Honourable
           
             Hugh
             Hare
          
           ,
           
             Esq
          
        
         
           An
           Account
           of
           the
           Isle
           of
           Iersey
           ,
           the
           G●eatest
           of
           the
           Islands
           that
           are
           now
           ,
           the
           only
           remainder
           of
           the
           English
           Do●inions
           in
           France
           ,
           with
           a
           New
           and
           Accurate
           Mapp
           of
           the
           said
           Island
           .
           By
           
             Ph.
             Falle
          
           ,
           M.
           A.
           Rector
           of
           St.
           Saviour
           ,
           in
           the
           said
           Island
           ,
           and
           Chaplain
           in
           Ordinary
           to
           His
           Majesty
           .
        
         
         
           Mr
           ▪
           
           Falle's
           Sermon
           before
           the
           English
           G●●●ison
           in
           
             Iersey
             ,
             April
          
           the
           10th
           1692.
           
        
         
           —
           One
           Sermon
           at
           
             Whitehall
             ,
             Decemb.
          
           the
           30th
           ,
           1694.
           
        
         
           —
           One
           Sermon
           before
           the
           Lord
           Mayor
           April
           the
           21th
           ,
           1695.
           
        
         
           A
           Discourse
           of
           Natural
           and
           Reveal'd
           Religion
           in
           several
           Essays
           ,
           By
           Mr.
           
             T.
             Nourse
          
           .
        
         
           The
           Anatomy
           of
           〈◊〉
           Earth
           ,
           Dedicated
           to
           all
           Miners
           ,
           By
           
             Tho.
             Robinson
          
           Rector
           of
           Outby
           in
           Cumberland
           .
        
         
           The
           History
           of
           the
           Campagne
           in
           Flanders
           for
           the
           Years
           1692
           ,
           1693
           ,
           1694
           ,
           and
           1695.
           
           All
           Written
           by
           
             Edward
             ●
             Auergne
          
           M.
           A.
           Rector
           of
           St.
           Brelade
           in
           the
           Isle
           of
           Iersey
           ,
           and
           Chaplain
           to
           His
           Majesties
           Regiment
           of
           Scots
           Guards
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A57471-e1580
           
             *
             Note
             ,
             that
             Steno
             proves
             the
             Earth
             to
             have
             been
             twice
             fluid
             ,
             twice
             plain
             and
             dry
             ,
             twice
             scabrous
             and
             craggy
             ;
             the
             first
             was
             at
             the
             original
             Chaos
             ,
             the
             second
             at
             the
             Flood
             ;
             This
             (
             says
             he
             )
             
               is
               manifest
               from
               some
               Beds
               of
               the
               higher
               Hills
               ,
               containing
               no
               Heterogeneous
               Bodies
               ,
               because
               form'd
               before
               there
               w●re
               any
               Animals
               or
               Plants
               ,
               or
               other
               mix'd
               Solids
               ;
               and
               so
               pres●rv'd
               in
               their
               simple
               antediluvian
               St●●e
               by
               the
               Heighth
               of
               their
               Si●uation
               ,
               which
               might
               secure
               them
               against
               the
               Load
               of
               many
               adventitious
               or
               factitious
               B●ds
               ,
               falling
               for
               the
               most
               part
               on
               the
               Vallies
               and
               low
               Places
               ,
               where
               they
               make
               up
               all
               the
               compound
               Strata
               ,
               which
               in●rust
               t●●
               pres●nt
               Earth
               ,
               and
               separate
               it
               from
               the
               primitive
               o●e
               ,
               whose
               Beds
               are
               more
               simple
               ,
               not
               stuffed
               up
               with
               such
               di●●●●ent
               Bodies
               as
               make
               up
               the
               postdiluvian
               Strata
               ,
               or
               Sediments
               .
            
             This
             agrees
             with
             what
             Mr.
             Whiston
             delivers
             in
             m●ny
             Places
             of
             his
             
               New
               Theory
            
             .
             To
             which
             we
             may
             add
             that
             the
             simple
             antediluvian
             Beds
             on
             the
             high
             Mountains
             ,
             destitute
             of
             Heterogeneous
             Solids
             ,
             may
             be
             l●id
             open
             by
             the
             washings
             away
             of
             the
             incumbent
             Diluvian
             Sediments
             or
             compound
             Beds
             ,
             by
             the
             Torrents
             of
             Rains
             ,
             which
             carry
             down
             those
             C●usts
             and
             Bodies
             along
             with
             them
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A57471-e4400
           
             Dr.
             ●urnet●
             inconsistences
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             this
             Globes
             Atmosphere
             .
          
           
             Dr.
             
             Woodard's
             contradiction
             of
             himself
             .
          
           
             ●
             .
             Vse
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             The
             cause
             of
             Hills
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Cause
             of
             different
             Soils
             and
             Natures
             of
             Vegetables
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             different
             Qualities
             of
             the
             Air.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             occasion
             of
             Spring●
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             Of
             the
             breaking
             out
             of
             M●nes
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             5.
             
             Of
             the
             product●on
             of
             Trees
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             Mountain●
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Vse
             .
             Their
             Consistences
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Vse
             .
             Their
             Natural
             Uses
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             Vse
             .
          
           
             The
             position
             of
             Mountains
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             Gills
             ,
             Dales
             and
             Vallie●
             .
          
           
             The
             Ingred●ents
             of
             Coal
             .
          
           
             Lesser
             Mountains
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             the
             Chanel
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             The
             Nature
             and
             Quality
             o●
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             the
             Seas
             Gibbosity
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             the
             Flux
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             its
             Reflux
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             Spring-tides
             and
             Dead-tides
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             the
             Seas
             Fermen●ation
             .
             The
             effect●
             and
             Uses
             of
             the
             Seas
             Fermentation
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             the
             Saltness
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             It●
             Uses
             .
          
           
             The
             proportion
             which
             the
             Subterranean
             Water
             bears
             to
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             greater
             Veins
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             To
             raise
             new
             River●
             upon
             dry
             Ground
             .
          
           
             A
             Subterranean
             contest
             between
             Fire
             and
             Water
             .
          
           
             A
             Concussion
             of
             the
             whole
             Globe
             .
          
           
             A
             Concussion
             of
             half
             the
             Globe
             .
          
           
             A
             Local
             Earthquake
             .
          
           
             New
             Mountains
             and
             Pond●
             .
          
           
             Of
             Hurricains
             and
             their
             Effects
             .
          
           
             Dr.
             Woodwards
             notion
             of
             perpendicular
             Fissures
             is
             a
             mistake
             in
             observation
             .
          
           
             Of
             Burning
             Mountains
             .
          
           
             Vulcano's
             .
          
           
             Her
             damps
             in
             Colleries
             .
          
           
             Their
             Effects
             .
          
           
             Violent
             Eruptions
             of
             Water
             .
          
           
             Of
             water
             Damps
             .
          
           
             An
             Air
             Damp.
             
          
           
             A
             sweet
             Da●●
             .
          
           
             The
             over-flowing
             of
             Nilus
             .
          
           
             The
             over-flowing
             of
             the
             Gigleswick
             Spring
             .
          
           
             The
             drumming
             W●ll
             a●
             Baut●y
          
           
             Mineral
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             Foul.
             Air.
             
          
           
             The
             meaning
             of
             these
             words
             ,
             the
             Fountains
             of
             the
             great
             Deep
             were
             broken
             up
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             the
             Aerial
             Damp
             and
             its
             Effects
             .
          
           
             What
             is
             meant
             by
             the
             opening
             of
             the
             Windows
             of
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             The
             meaning
             of
             the
             Wind
             which
             God
             caused
             to
             pass
             over
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             its
             effects
             .
          
           
             What
             the
             Rain-bows
             appearing
             in
             the
             Clouds
             did
             signifie
             .
          
           
             A
             Refutation
             of
             Dr.
             
             Woodward's
             Hypothesis
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             time
             when
             the
             Deluge
             commenced
             .
          
           
             Dr.
             
             Woodwa●d'●
             Hypothesi●
             concerning
             the
             effects
             of
             the
             D●l●ge
             Refuted
             .
          
           
             The
             Alterations
             which
             th●
             Deluge
             made
             upon
             the
             Ea●●h
             .
          
           
             The
             time
             when
             these
             alterations
             were
             made
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             4.
             
             Verse
             22.
             
          
           
             Part
             the
             4th
             .
             Page
             188.
             
          
           
             
               Fabius
               Columna
               ,
               Dr.
               Hook
               ,
               Steno
               ,
               Scylla
               ,
               Bocc●●e
               ,
               Ra●
               ,
            
             and
             many
             others
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             2.6
             
          
           
             First
             .
          
           
             Secondly
          
           
             First
             .
          
           
             Secondly
          
           
             Thirdly
             .
          
           
             Secondly
          
           
             Thirdly
          
           
             Secondly
          
           
             Thirdly
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
          
           
             Fourthly
          
           
             The
             Laws
             of
             Divine
             Impression
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             of
             natural
             Instinct
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             of
             external
             Sense
             .